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1

Larner, Andrew. "MINI-ADDENBROOKE'S COGNITIVE EXAMINATION (M-ACE): PRAGMATIC STUDY." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (October 14, 2015): e4.139-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.49.

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ObjectiveTo test diagnostic accuracy of the mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (m-ACE) compared to the MMSE for the diagnosis of dementia and MCI in consecutive referrals to a dedicated cognitive disorders clinic.Results: Of 135 consecutive new outpatients seen over 6 months (June–November 2014) administered the mini-ACE (F:M=64:71, 47% female; age range 18–88 years, median 60), 24 were diagnosed with dementia (DSM–IV–TR criteria) and 39 had MCI (Petersen criteria). Using the cutoffs defined in the index paper (≤25/30 and ≤21/30), m-ACE was sensitive (1.00, 0.92) but not specific (0.28, 0.61) for dementia diagnosis; it also proved useful for MCI diagnosis (sensitivities 1.00, 0.77; specificities 0.43, 0.82). Area under the ROC curve was 0.86. Effect size (Cohen's d) for m-ACE for dementia vs. no dementia was 1.53 (large) and for MCI vs no cognitive impairment was 1.59 (large); for MMSE the corresponding figures were 1.56 and 1.26. Weighted comparison suggested a small net loss for m-ACE vs MMSE for dementia diagnosis (–0.13) but a large net benefit for MCI diagnosis (0.38).Conclusions: In this pragmatic study, m-ACE proved quick, easy to use, and acceptable to patients, with metrics comparable to MMSE for dementia diagnosis and better for MCI diagnosis.
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Matías-Guiu, Jordi A., Vanesa Pytel, Ana Cortés-Martínez, María Valles-Salgado, Teresa Rognoni, Teresa Moreno-Ramos, and Jorge Matías-Guiu. "Conversion between Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III and Mini-Mental State Examination." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 8 (December 10, 2017): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021700268x.

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ABSTRACTBackground:We aim to provide a conversion between Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, to predict the MMSE result based on ACE-III, thus avoiding the need for both tests, and improving their comparability.Methods:Equipercentile equating method was used to elaborate a conversion table using a group of 400 participants comprising healthy controls and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Then, reliability was assessed in a group of 100 healthy controls and patients with AD, 52 with primary progressive aphasia and 22 with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.Results:The conversion table between ACE-III and MMSE denoted a high reliability, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.940, 0.922, and 0.902 in the groups of healthy controls and AD, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and primary progressive aphasia, respectively.Conclusion:Our conversion table between ACE-III and MMSE suggests that MMSE may be estimated based on the ACE-III score, which could be useful for clinical and research purposes.
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McColgan, Peter, Jonathan R. Evans, David P. Breen, Sarah L. Mason, Roger A. Barker, and Caroline H. Williams-Gray. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease." Movement Disorders 27, no. 9 (June 25, 2012): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25084.

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Larner, A. J. "Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: a pragmatic diagnostic accuracy study." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 30, no. 5 (April 8, 2015): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.4258.

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Charernboon, Thammanard, Kankamol Jaisin, and Tiraya Lerthattasilp. "The Thai Version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III." Psychiatry Investigation 13, no. 5 (2016): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/pi.2016.13.5.571.

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Carvalho, Viviane Amaral, and Paulo Caramelli. "Brazilian adaptation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 1, no. 2 (June 2007): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642008dn10200015.

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Abstract The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the detection of mild dementia. It is particularly useful in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia. While the first version of the test battery has been adapted in many countries, its revised version has not, probably because it was published very recently. Objective: To translate and adapt the ACE-R for use in the Brazilian population. Methods: Two independent translations were made from English into Portuguese, followed by two independent back-translations. Few adaptations in accordance to the Brazilian culture and language were made and a first version of the instrument produced. This former version of the ACE-R was administered to 21 cognitively healthy subjects aged 60 years or more, with different educational levels. Results: The mean age of the studied sample of healthy elderly was 75.4 years (ranging from 60 to 89 years). Small additional modifications were necessary after the evaluation of the first ten subjects in order to improve comprehension of the test. The final Portuguese version of the ACE-R was produced and was found to be well understood by the remaining 11 subjects, taking an average of 15 minutes to be administered. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the ACE-R proved to be a promising cognitive instrument for testing both in research and clinical settings. With this regard, additional studies are currently being carried out in our unit in order to investigate the diagnostic properties of the ACE-R in our milieu.
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Pigliautile, Martina, Francesca Chiesi, Franca Stablum, Sonia Rossetti, Caterina Primi, Dora Chiloiro, Stefano Federici, and Patrizia Mecocci. "Italian version and normative data of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 2 (July 19, 2018): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021800073x.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is a brief cognitive screening tool to assess five cognitive domains: attention/orientation, verbal fluency, memory, language, and visuospatial abilities. This study aimed to provide normative data (for total score and subscale scores) of the Italian version of ACE-III for gender, age, and education.Methods:A total of 574 healthy Italian participants (mean age 68.70 ± 9.65; mean education 9.15 ± 4.04) were recruited from the community and included in the study. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of age, gender, and education on the ACE-III total performance score.Results:Age and education exerted a significant effect on total and subscale ACE-III scores, whereas gender was on attention/orientation, language, and visuospatial subscale scores. From the derived linear equation, correction grids to adjust raw scores and equivalent scores (ESs) with cut-off values were provided.Conclusions:The present study provided normative data, correction grids, and ESs for ACE-III in an Italian population.
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Larner, A. J. "Mini-Addenbrooke's cognitive examination diagnostic accuracy for dementia: reproducibility study." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 30, no. 10 (September 16, 2015): 1103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.4334.

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9

Woodford, H. J., and J. George. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised in day-to-day clinical practice." Age and Ageing 37, no. 3 (March 10, 2008): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afn047.

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Larner, Andrew J., and Alex J. Mitchell. "A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) in the detection of dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 4 (December 5, 2013): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002329.

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ABSTRACTBackground:The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and its Revised version (ACE-R) are relatively new screening tools for cognitive impairment that may improve upon the well-known Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other brief batteries. We systematically reviewed diagnostic accuracy studies of ACE and ACE-R.Methods:Published studies comparing ACE, ACE-R and MMSE were comprehensively sought and critically appraised. A meta-analysis of suitable studies was conducted.Results:Of 61 possible publications identified, meta-analysis of qualifying studies encompassed 5 for ACE (1,090 participants) and 5 for ACE-R (1156 participants); of these, 9 made direct comparisons with the MMSE. Sensitivity and specificity of the ACE were 96.9% (95% CI = 92.7% to 99.4%) and 77.4% (95% CI = 58.3% to 91.8%); and for the ACE-R were 95.7% (95% CI = 92.2% to 98.2%) and 87.5% (95% CI = 63.8% to 99.4%). In a modest prevalence setting, such as primary care or general hospital settings where the prevalence of dementia may be approximately 25%, overall accuracy of the ACE (0.823) was inferior to ACE-R (0.895) and MMSE (0.882). In high prevalence settings such as memory clinics where the prevalence of dementia may be 50% or higher, overall accuracy again favored ACE-R (0.916) over ACE (0.872) and MMSE (0.895).Conclusions:The ACE-R has somewhat superior diagnostic accuracy to the MMSE while the ACE appears to have inferior accuracy. The ACE-R is recommended in both modest and high prevalence settings. Accuracy of newer versions of the ACE remain to be determined.
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Crawford, Stephanie, Leigh Whitnall, Joanne Robertson, and Jonathan J. Evans. "A systematic review of the accuracy and clinical utility of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised in the diagnosis of dementia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 27, no. 7 (November 8, 2011): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.2771.

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12

Hsieh, Sharpley, Sarah McGrory, Felicity Leslie, Kate Dawson, Samrah Ahmed, Chris R. Butler, James B. Rowe, Eneida Mioshi, and John R. Hodges. "The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: A New Assessment Tool for Dementia." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 39, no. 1-2 (September 11, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000366040.

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Background/Aims: We developed and validated the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) in dementia patients. Comparisons were also made with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Method: The M-ACE was developed using Mokken scaling analysis in 117 dementia patients [behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), n = 25; primary progressive aphasia (PPA), n = 49; Alzheimer's disease (AD), n = 34; corticobasal syndrome (CBS), n = 9] and validated in an independent sample of 164 dementia patients (bvFTD, n = 23; PPA, n = 82; AD, n = 38; CBS, n = 21) and 78 controls, who also completed the MMSE. Results: The M-ACE consists of 5 items with a maximum score of 30. Two cut-offs were identified: (1) ≤25/30 has both high sensitivity and specificity, and (2) ≤21/30 is almost certainly a score to have come from a dementia patient regardless of the clinical setting. The M-ACE is more sensitive than the MMSE and is less likely to have ceiling effects. Conclusion: The M-ACE is a brief and sensitive cognitive screening tool for dementia. Two cut-offs (25 or 21) are recommended. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Larner, A. J. "An audit of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) in clinical practice." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 20, no. 6 (June 2005): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1336.

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Matías-Guiu, J. A., R. Fernández-Bobadilla, and A. Cortés-Martínez. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III: A useful neuropsychological test for screening and obtaining cognitive profiles." Neurología (English Edition) 33, no. 2 (March 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.06.005.

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Kerrigan, S., A. Rooney, and R. Grant. "177 Measuring cognitive function in people with brain tumours using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 83, no. 3 (February 9, 2012): e1.134-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.219.

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Brigola, Allan Gustavo, Ana Carolina Ottaviani, Érica Nestor Souza, Estefani Serafim Rossetti, Mariélli Terassi, Nathalia Alves Oliveira, Bruna Moretti Luchesi, and Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini. "Descriptive data in different paper-based cognitive assessments in elderly from the community Stratification by age and education." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 12, no. 2 (June 2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020008.

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ABSTRACT Cognitive aging is dynamic and heterogeneous in elderly, thus adequate tools such as paper-based tests are relevant to describe the cognitive profile of this population. Objective: To describe different paper-based cognitive assessments tests in elderly people stratified by age and education. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 667 elderly (≥60 years) living in the community was conducted. Sociodemographic information was collected. Global cognition was assessed by the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Mini Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. Results: The findings showed a predominance of women (53.8%), mean age of 71.3 (±7.7) years and 3.6 (±3.5) years of education. The best global cognitive performance and cognitive domain assessment scores were found in the group with higher formal educational level. Each year of education was associated with an increase of up to 10% in scores on the M-ACE and MMSE and up to 11% in ACE-R scores. The mean values of the scores varied according to age, where the 60-69 years group had better scores than other age groups. The correlation matrix between the cognitive tests showed that near perfect correlations (r=1) were frequent in the subgroup with higher education. Conclusion: Younger elderly and those with higher educational level had greater global and domain scores. This study describes the scores of elderly for different strata of education and age. In practice, it is important to choose the most suitable screening instrument, considering the characteristics of the elderly.
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Matías-Guiu, Jordi A., Ramón Fernández-Bobadilla, Aníbal Fernández-Oliveira, María Valles-Salgado, Teresa Rognoni, Ana Cortés-Martínez, Teresa Moreno-Ramos, Jaime Kulisevsky, and Jorge Matías-Guiu. "Normative Data for the Spanish Version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 41, no. 5-6 (2016): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445799.

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Background: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is a cognitive test that has been validated for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the ACE-III for age, education and gender. Methods: The Spanish version of the ACE-III was administered to a group of 273 healthy subjects in a multicenter study in Spain. Correlation and determination coefficients for age, education and gender were estimated. The overlapping interval strategy and linear regression analyses were used to provide adjusted norms for demographic factors and to explore the potential influence of these factors in the performance of the test. Results: Age and education correlated significantly with the total score and with all the domains. Gender correlated only with the domains of attention and visuospatial skills. Norms for the total score and for cognitive domains (attention, memory, fluency, language, and visuospatial skills) are provided. Conclusion: This study confirms the influence of demographic factors (especially age and education) on the performance in the ACE-III and provides normative data for the Spanish version of the ACE-III.
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Aziz, Victor Michael, Padmavathy Srinivasalu Gopinath, and Georgia Baily. "The use of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination in a community memory clinic." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 1 (July 25, 2014): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001525.

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Early diagnosis of dementia enables early intervention and gives people the opportunity to make choices and plan for their future. Such an early diagnosis requires accurate assessment. A clinical assessment in people with suspected dementia in a memory clinic setting should include a clinical interview of the patient and their next of kin, a physical and neurological examination, cognitive assessment with appropriate cognitive tests, blood investigations, ECG (electrocardiography), and brain imaging.
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Larner, A. J. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dementia." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 109, no. 6 (July 2007): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.04.004.

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Larner, A. J. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) in day-to-day clinical practice." Age and Ageing 36, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm112.

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Larner, A. J. "The Q* Index: A Useful Global Measure of Dementia Screening Test Accuracy." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430784.

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Background/Aims: Single, global or unitary, indicators of test diagnostic performance have intuitive appeal for clinicians. The Q* index, the point in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve space closest to the ideal top left-hand corner and where test sensitivity and specificity are equal, is one such measure. Methods: Datasets from four pragmatic accuracy studies which examined the Mini-Mental State Examination, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Test Your Memory test, and Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination were examined to calculate and compare the Q* index, the maximal correct classification accuracy, and the maximal Youden index, as well as the sensitivity and specificity at these cutoffs. Results: Tests ranked similarly for the Q* index and the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC). The Q* index cutoff was more sensitive (and less specific) than the maximal correct classification accuracy cutoff, and less sensitive (and more specific) than the maximal Youden index cutoff. Conclusion: The Q* index may be a useful global parameter summarising the test accuracy of cognitive screening instruments, facilitating comparison between tests, and defining a possible test cutoff value. As the point of equal sensitivity and specificity, its use may be more intuitive and appealing for clinicians than AUC ROC.
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Velayudhan, Latha, Seung-Ho Ryu, Malgorzata Raczek, Michael Philpot, James Lindesay, Matthew Critchfield, and Gill Livingston. "Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 8 (March 31, 2014): 1247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214000416.

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ABSTRACTBackground:As the population ages, it is increasingly important to use effective short cognitive tests for suspected dementia. We aimed to review systematically brief cognitive tests for suspected dementia and report on their validation in different settings, to help clinicians choose rapid and appropriate tests.Methods:Electronic search for face-to-face sensitive and specific cognitive tests for people with suspected dementia, taking ≤ 20 minutes, providing quantitative psychometric data.Results:22 tests fitted criteria. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) had good psychometric properties in primary care. In the secondary care settings, MMSE has considerable data but lacks sensitivity. 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT), Brief Alzheimer's Screen, HVLT, and 7 Minute Screen have good properties for detecting dementia but need further validation. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment are effective to detect dementia with Parkinson's disease and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) is useful for all dementias when shorter tests are inconclusive. Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment scale (RUDAS) is useful when literacy is low. Tests such as Test for Early Detection of Dementia, Test Your Memory, Cognitive Assessment Screening Test (CAST) and the recently developed ACE-III show promise but need validation in different settings, populations, and dementia subtypes. Validation of tests such as 6CIT, Abbreviated Mental Test is also needed for dementia screening in acute hospital settings.Conclusions:Practitioners should use tests as appropriate to the setting and individual patient. More validation of available tests is needed rather than development of new ones.
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Mioshi, Eneida, Kate Dawson, Joanna Mitchell, Robert Arnold, and John R. Hodges. "The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, no. 11 (2006): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1610.

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César, Karolina G., Mônica S. Yassuda, Fabio H. G. Porto, Sonia M. D. Brucki, and Ricardo Nitrini. "Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-revised: normative and accuracy data for seniors with heterogeneous educational level in Brazil." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 8 (May 17, 2017): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000734.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Several cognitive tools have been developed aiming to diagnose dementia. The cognitive battery Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination – Revised (ACE-R) has been used to detect cognitive impairment; however, there are few studies including samples with low education. The aim of the study was to provide ACE-R norms for seniors within a lower education, including illiterates. An additional aim was to examine the accuracy of the ACE-R to detect dementia and cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND).Methods:Data originated from an epidemiological study conducted in the municipality of Tremembé, Brazil. The Brazilian version of ACE-R was applied as part of the cognitive assessment in all participants. Of the 630 participants, 385 were classified as cognitively normal (CN) and were included in the normative data set, 110 individuals were diagnosed with dementia, and 135 were classified as having CIND.Results:ACE-R norms were provided with the sample stratified into age and education bands. ACE-R total scores varied significantly according to age, education, and sex. To distinguish CN from dementia, a cut-off of 64 points was established (sensitivity 91%, specificity 76%) and to differentiate CN from CIND the best cut-off was 69 points (sensitivity 73%, specificity 65%). Cut-off scores varied according to the educational level.Conclusions:This study offers normative and accuracy parameters for seniors with lower education and it should expand the use of the ACE-R for this population segment.
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Junco, Juan Ignacio, and Gerardo Prieto. "Análisis del test neuropsicológico Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination mediante el Modelo de Rasch." Revista de Psicología 23, no. 1 (August 28, 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2014.32873.

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El Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) es un test cognitivo breve diseñado para detectar y diferenciar entre demencia tipo Alzheimer y demencia frontotemporal, recientemente validado en España. En el presente estudio se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del ACE mediante el modelo de Rasch y se comparó la eficacia discriminativa de esta prueba con el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). La prueba se aplicó a un grupo de 103 participantes, 53 de los cuales tenían establecido un diagnóstico de demencia. Los resultados indican que, en general, el ACE posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en cuanto ajuste y precisión de las medidas, aunque el rendimiento en la prueba se ve influido por algunas características sociodemográficas de los participantes (sexo y nivel de escolarización). Más aún, en comparación con el MMSE, los ítems del ACE permiten identificar un conjunto más amplio de síntomas de deterioro cognitivo y presenta mayor poder de discriminación. En conclusión, la versión española del ACE parece ser una herramienta adecuada para el diagnóstico de demencia, aunque son necesarias más investigaciones para seguir profundizando en sus características psicométricas.
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Caparrol, Ana Júlia De Souza, Francine Golghetto Casemiro Golghetto Casemiro, Larissa Correa, Diana Quirino Monteiro, Marília Graciela Almeida Prado Sanchez, Laís Rita Bortoletto Santos, and Aline Cristina Martins Gratão. "Intervenção cognitiva domiciliar para cuidadores de idosos com alzheimer." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i10a234859p2659-2666-2018.

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RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de intervenção cognitiva domiciliar sobre a cognição, a sobrecarga e o estresse em cuidadores de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, tipo quase-experimental, com 17 cuidadores informais de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer. Utilizaram-se o Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS) e a Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit para a avaliação antes e depois da intervenção. Analisaram-se os resultados pelo SPSS, aplicando-se o test t de student para avaliar o efeito da intervenção. Resultados: identificaram-se mulheres (88,2%), com idade média de 52,5 anos e escolaridade média de 8,8 anos. Constatou-se melhora significativa na cognição geral pelo MEEM (p=0,008) e ACE-R (p= 0,003) e nos domínios atenção (p= 0,004), memória (p= 0,017) e fluência verbal (p= 0,023). Conclusão: avaliou-se pela intervenção cognitiva domiciliar melhora na cognição geral em cuidadores de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer, podendo ser uma importante ferramenta de promoção a saúde. Descritores: Idoso; Cuidadores; Cognição; Estresse Psicológico; Estudo de Intervenção, Geriatria.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of cognitive intervention on cognition, overload and stress in caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Method: this is a quasi-experimental quantitative study with 17 informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Zarit's Overload Scale were used for the evaluation before and after the intervention. The results were analyzed by the SPSS, applying the Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: women (88.2%) were identified, with a mean age of 52.5 years and mean schooling of 8.8 years. It was found a significant improvement in the general cognition by the MEEM (p = 0.008) and ACE-R (p = 0.003) and in the attention domains (p = 0.004), memory (p = 0.017) and verbal fluency (p = 0.023). Conclusion: it was evaluated by the cognitive home improvement intervention in general cognition in caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease, and can be an important tool to promote health. Descriptors: Aged; Caregivers; Cognition; Stress, Psychological; Clinical Trial; Geriatrics.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de intervención cognitiva domiciliaria sobre la cognición, la sobrecarga y el estrés en cuidadores de ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, tipo casi-experimental, con 17 cuidadores informales de ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se utilizaron el Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), la Escala de estrés percibido (PSS) y la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit para la evaluación antes y después de la intervención. Se analizaron los resultados por el SPSS, aplicándose el test t de student para evaluar el efecto de la intervención. Resultados: se identificaron mujeres (88,2%), con edad media de 52,5 años y escolaridad promedio de 8,8 años. Se observó una mejora significativa en la cognición general por el MEEM (p = 0,008) y ACE-R (p = 0,003) y en los dominios atención (p = 0,004), memoria (p = 0,017) y fluencia verbal (p = 0,023). Conclusión: se evaluó por la intervención cognitiva domiciliaria mejora en la cognición general en cuidadores de ancianos con Enfermedad de Alzheimer, pudiendo ser una importante herramienta de promoción a la salud. Descriptores: Anciano; Cuidadores; Cognición; Estrés Psicológico; Ensayo Clínico; Geriatria.
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Alves, Luísa, Olga Ribeiro, Paulo Bugalho, and Isabel Carmo. "P1-390: Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-revised and mini mental state examination in patients with different types of cognitive impairment." Alzheimer's & Dementia 7 (July 2011): S237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.671.

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Elamin, Marwa, Guy Holloway, Thomas H. Bak, and Suvankar Pal. "The Utility of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Version Three in Early-Onset Dementia." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 41, no. 1-2 (October 17, 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439248.

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Background/Aims: Early-onset dementia (EOD) is defined as functionally relevant cognitive decline with age of onset at less than 65 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the recently validated third version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) in predicting dementia diagnoses in EOD. Methods: ACE-III scores of EOD patients were compared to those of healthy controls (HC) and individuals with subjective memory impairment (SMI). Results: The study included 71 EOD patients (Alzheimer's disease, n = 31; primary progressive aphasia, n = 11; behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, n = 18, and posterior cortical atrophy, n = 11); there were 28 HC and 15 individuals with SMI. At a cut-off score of 88/100, the ACE-III displayed high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing EOD from HC (91.5 and 96.4%) and SMI (91.5 and 86.7%). Conclusions: The ACE-III is a reliable cognitive screening tool in EOD.
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Chade, Anabel, María Roca, Teresa Torralva, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Nicolás Fabbro, Gonzalo Gómez Arévalo, Oscar Gershanik, and Facundo Manes. "Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease using a brief cognitive screening tool: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE)." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2, no. 3 (September 2008): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20300006.

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Abstract Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is crucial for good clinical practice given the new therapeutic possibilities available. When full neuropsychological evaluations are not available, screening tools capable of detecting cognitive difficulties become crucial. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is capable of detecting cognitive difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease and discriminating their cognitive profile from patients with dementia. Methods: 77 early dementia patients (53 with Alzheimer's Disease and 24 with Frontotemporal Dementia), 22 patients with Parkinson's disease, and 53 healthy controls were evaluated with the ACE. Results: Parkinson's disease patients significantly differed from both healthy controls and dementia patients on ACE total score. Conclusions: This study shows that the Spanish version of the ACE is capable of detecting patients with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and is able to differentiate them from patients with dementia based on their general cognitive status.
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Torralva, T., M. Roca, E. Gleichgerrcht, A. Bonifacio, C. Raimondi, and F. Manes. "Validation of the Spanish Version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)." Neurología (English Edition) 26, no. 6 (2011): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2173-5808(11)70081-5.

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Matias-Guiu, J. A., R. Fernández de Bobadilla, G. Escudero, J. Pérez-Pérez, A. Cortés, E. Morenas-Rodríguez, M. Valles-Salgado, T. Moreno-Ramos, J. Kulisevsky, and J. Matías-Guiu. "Validation of the Spanish version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III for diagnosing dementia." Neurología (English Edition) 30, no. 9 (November 2015): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.05.001.

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Yoshida, Hidenori, Seishi Terada, Hajime Honda, Toshie Ata, Naoya Takeda, Yuki Kishimoto, Etsuko Oshima, Takeshi Ishihara, and Shigetoshi Kuroda. "Validation of Addenbrooke's cognitive examination for detecting early dementia in a Japanese population." Psychiatry Research 185, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.012.

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Sousa, Leandro, and Leticia Vivas. "Valores normativos del Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) para población con bajo nivel socioeducativo." Neurología Argentina 9, no. 4 (October 2017): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuarg.2017.07.005.

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Torralva, T., M. Roca, E. Gleichgerrcht, A. Bonifacio, C. Raimondi, and F. Manes. "Validación de la versión en español del Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revisado (ACE-R)." Neurología 26, no. 6 (July 2011): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2010.10.013.

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35

Terpening, Zoe, Nicholas J. Cordato, Ilana J. Hepner, Sara K. Lucas, and Richard I. Lindley. "Utility of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised for the diagnosis of dementia syndromes." Australasian Journal on Ageing 30, no. 3 (August 17, 2010): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2010.00446.x.

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Wang, Bian-Rong, Zhou Ou, Xiao-Hua Gu, Cun-Sheng Wei, Jun Xu, and Jian-Quan Shi. "Validation of the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III for diagnosing dementia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 32, no. 12 (February 7, 2017): e173-e179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.4680.

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Larner, A. J. "Audit of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) in clinical practice: 2. longitudinal change." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, no. 7 (2006): 698–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1543.

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Davies, R. Rhys, Kate Dawson, Eneida Mioshi, Sharon Erzinçlioğlu, and John R. Hodges. "Differentiation of semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE)." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23, no. 4 (2008): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1887.

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39

Hsieh, Sharpley, Samantha Schubert, Christopher Hoon, Eneida Mioshi, and John R. Hodges. "Validation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 36, no. 3-4 (2013): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000351671.

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Okada de Oliveira, Maira, Karolina G. Cesar, Isabel Elaine Allen, Eneida Mioshi, Ricardo Nitrini, and Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki. "P2-469: DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN MINI-ADDENBROOKE'S COGNITIVE EXAMINATION (BR M-ACE)." Alzheimer's & Dementia 15 (July 2019): P796—P797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.2876.

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41

Ferreira, Inês S., Mário R. Simões, and João Marôco. "The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised as a potential screening test for elderly drivers." Accident Analysis & Prevention 49 (November 2012): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.03.036.

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42

Wade-Brown, Kate, Rhian Morgan, Boyd Ghosh, Angus Prosser, Livia Bolt, Rosaleen McCarthy, and Christopher Kipps. "P1-151: VALIDATION OF ADDENBROOKE's COGNITIVE EXAMINATION USING HMPAO-SPECT: PREDICTING NEURODEGENERATION FROM COGNITIVE SCREENING SCORES." Alzheimer's & Dementia 10 (July 2014): P356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.389.

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43

Hosseini, Akram, Dewen Meng, Richard Simpson, and Dorothee Auer. "DOES HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE EXPLAIN MEMORY LOSS IN VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT?" Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (October 14, 2015): e4.79-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.17.

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IntroductionCognitive impairment (CoI) is common in old age and following cerebrovascular disease. The contribution of acute and chronic cerebral infarcts and hippocampal integrity to various domains of CoI remains unclear.Methods100 patients with recent cerebrovascular ischaemic events and >30% carotid artery stenosis (age: 75.4±9.2, 40% female) received brain MRI. Addenbrooke's cognitive examination was used for assessment. Acute and chronic ischaemic volume was identified on diffusion tensor and FLAIR images. Total ischaemic lesion load (TILL), and mean diffusivity (MD) of bi-hippocampi were calculated. A statistical cognitive prediction model was build using age and vascular risk factors between cognitively impaired subgroup against the normal cognition. Next, TILL and then hippocampal MD were added to the relevant risk factors. AUC for each model was compared.Results51% were cognitively impaired, particularly the eldest (P=0.002). Age and TILL were independently associated with CoI (P=0.03), specifically executive dysfunction. Hippocampal MD was significant predictor of overall cognition, particularly memory, after adjusting for age and infarction volume (P=0.001). AUC of model prediction confirmed superior predictability of hippocampal MD for cognition.ConclusionIn vascular cognitive impairment, hippocampal integrity independently contributes to anterograde, long recall and recognition memory, whilst volume of brain infarcts correlates with executive dysfunction.
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Beckert, Michele, Fernanda Loureiro, Caroline Menta, Elisa Fasolin Mello, Eduardo L. Nogueira, Armin von Gunten, and Irênio Gomes. "Performance of low-educated elders with depression on Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ace-r) test." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642016dn10100004.

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Along with cognitive disorders, depression has been a concern for mental health services due to its highly debilitating effect on the functioning and quality of life of the elderly. However, there is still little understanding of the cognitive alterations resulting from depression or of the difficult differential diagnosis with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It is known that performance on cognitive tests is strongly influenced by education but few studies have been conducted involving low-educated populations. Objective : To evaluate the performance of elders with low education and no dementia on Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) test and its cognitive domains, and compare patients with Current Major Depressive Episode (CMDE) against those without depressive symptoms. Methods : A retrospective, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted based on medical files of patients treated at the Cerebral Aging Clinic of the Hospital São Lucas of the PUCRS. The study included 116 individuals with low education (< 8 years of education) aged between 60 and 84 (69.6 ± 6.4) years, with MCDE (N = 41) and controls (N = 75). Results : No significant difference was observed between control and MCDE groups in median scores on the ACE-R, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the five cognitive domains. There was also no difference between the groups on separate analyses of results on the clock drawing test, the categorical verbal and phonological fluency test, and the naming test. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that depressive symptoms did not influence scores on the ACE-R tests conducted in elders with low education.
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McColgan, P., J. Evans, D. P. Breen, S. L. Mason, B. Ghosh, T. Rittman, J. Rowe, P. Nestor, R. A. Barker, and C. H. Williams-Gray. "1154 The utility of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) in Parkinson's disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 83, no. 3 (February 9, 2012): e1.147-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.3.

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46

Larner, A. J. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination standardized verbal fluency scores for differential diagnosis of ad and FTLD." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 333 (October 2013): e292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1101.

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47

Mihci, Ebru, Hakan Gurvit, Basar Bilgic, Hale Alpaslan, Ayfer Tumac, Sinem Yildiz, Pinar Unsalan, Sukriye Akca Kalem, and Oget Oktem Tanor. "P1-158: Validation of the Turkish version of the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination in Turkey." Alzheimer's & Dementia 7 (July 2011): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.438.

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48

Mathuranath, P. S., P. J. Cherian, Robert Mathew, Annamma George, and P. S. Sarama. "P2-086: The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: Norms and validation for a multicultural Indian population." Alzheimer's & Dementia 2 (July 2006): S258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.923.

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49

Matías-Guiu, J. A., R. Fernández-Bobadilla, and A. Cortés-Martínez. "Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III: un test neuropsicológico útil para el cribado y la obtención de perfiles cognitivos." Neurología 33, no. 2 (March 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2016.06.014.

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50

McGrory, Sarah, John M. Starr, Susan D. Shenkin, Elizabeth J. Austin, and John R. Hodges. "Does the Order of Item Difficulty of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Add Anything to Subdomain Scores in the Clinical Assessment of Dementia." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000375364.

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Background: The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is used to measure cognition across a range of domains in dementia. Identifying the order in which cognitive decline occurs across items, and whether this varies between dementia aetiologies could add more information to subdomain scores. Method: ACE-Revised data from 350 patients were split into three groups: Alzheimer's type (n = 131), predominantly frontal (n = 119) and other frontotemporal lobe degenerative disorders (n = 100). Results of factor analysis and Mokken scaling analysis were compared. Results: Principal component analysis revealed one factor for each group. Confirmatory factor analysis found that the one-factor model fit two samples poorly. Mokken analyses revealed different item ordering in terms of difficulty for each group. Conclusion: The different patterns for each diagnostic group could aid in the separation of these different types of dementia.
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