To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Addiction aux substances.
Journal articles on the topic 'Addiction aux substances'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 37 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Addiction aux substances.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Morin, Denis-Charles. "Discernement et addiction aux substances psychoactives." Psychotropes 14, no. 3 (2008): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psyt.143.0055.
Full text
2
Laqueille, X. "Addiction aux substances et traitements pharmacologiques." Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 167, no. 7 (September 2009): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2009.06.008.
Full text
3
Dassa, Kolou Simliwa, Kpanake Lonzozou, Dzodzo Eli Ekploam Kpelly, and Adama Gaba Dovi. "Attachement parental et addiction aux substances psychoactives." Perspectives Psy 52, no. 4 (December 2013): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ppsy/2013524371.
Full text
4
Lamy, S., E. Vacher, B. Hennart, P. Levy, and L. Jehel. "Étude de soins courants sur la population suicidante prise en charge au CHU de Martinique : résultats préliminaires." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.114.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectifsLa problématique du suicide est une question complexe aux Antilles car les derniers chiffres de prévalence de la mortalité par suicide indiquent une sous suicidalité dans cette région du monde. Il n’existe actuellement aucun chiffre sur la prévalence des tentatives de suicide (TS) et peu d’étude descriptive de cette population.MéthodesL’étude POSTA vise à établir un état des lieux de la population des sujets pris en charge au CHU de Martinique pour TS ou pour idéations suicidaires avec antécédent de TS.RésultatsSoixante-six patients ont été inclus en septembre/octobre 2013 (80 % pour TS et 20 % pour idéations suicidaires). On observe : 68,1 % de femmes, la population suicidante est plutôt jeune, avec une surreprésentation des personnes célibataires et divorcées, inactifs ou au chômage et plutôt avec un bon niveau scolaire comparativement à la population martiniquaise. La majorité n’est pas en contact avec le système de soin primaire de façon régulière. Trente-huit pour cent rapporte une addiction aux substances dont un quart sont pris en charge (37,7 % déclarent avoir consommé une substance au moment de l’acte). Deux tiers ont déjà été en contact avec le système de santé mentale. Deux tiers rapporte des évènements de vie à potentiel traumatique (30 % rapportent une agression sexuelle). La moitié a déjà réalisé une TS par le passé et 85 % des passages à l’acte sont réalisés de manière impulsive. Les premiers résultats montrent que les sujets consultants pour idéations suicidaires avec antécédents de TS sont majoritairement des hommes avec un score élevé à l’Hospital Anxiete Depression Scale (HADS), ce résultat est intéressant car cette population est à haut risque de suicide réussi.DiscussionCette étude permettra de faire un état des lieux descriptifs de cette population avant la mise en place d’une étude modifiant la prise en charge de ces patients.
5
AshaRani, P. V., Syidda Amron, Noor Azizah Bte Zainuldin, Sumanty Tohari, Alvin Y. J. Ng, Guo Song, Byrappa Venkatesh, and Ajay S. Mathuru. "Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify Potential Genetic Risk in Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Feasibility Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132810.
Full textAbstract:
Genetics intersects with environmental, cultural, and social factors in the development of addictive disorders. This study reports the feasibility of whole-exome sequencing of trios (subject and two family members) to discover potential genetic variants in the development of substance use disorders (SUD). Family trios were recruited from the National Addictions Management Service in Singapore during the 2016–2018 period. Recruited subjects had severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or opioid use disorder (OUD), with nicotine dependence (ND) and a family history of addictive disorders. Demographic characteristics and severity of addiction were captured. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and analysis were performed on salivary samples collected from the trios. WES revealed variants in several genes in each individual and disruptive protein mutations in most. Variants were identified in genes previously associated with SUDs, such as Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 3 (PLEKHM3), coiled-coil serine-rich protein 1 (CCSER1), LIM and calponin homology domains-containing protein 1 (LIMCH1), dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 (DNAH8), and the taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38) involved in the perception of bitterness. The feasibility study suggests that subjects with a severe addiction profile, polysubstance use, and family history of addiction may often harbor gene variants that may predispose them to SUDs. This study could serve as a model for future precision medicine-based personalized interventional strategies for behavioral addictions and SUDs and for the discovery of potentially pathogenic genetic variants.
6
Acier, Didier. "L’addiction comme rempart à la dépression." psychologie clinique, no. 48 (2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/psyc/20194840.
Full textAbstract:
Cet article tente de lier deux temporalités psychiques quant à la construction d’une solution addictive pour un sujet en lutte contre des mouvements dépressifs. Il pose l’hypothèse d’un premier temps de construction psychique aux premiers âges de la vie (Winnicott), amenant la possibilité d’avoir recours de manière durable à un objet addictif, dans un deuxième temps (McDougall), sans oublier l’inscription dans une neurobiologie et un moment socio-culturel (Olivenstein). Ce dernier point est particulièrement mis en avant, avec une société contemporaine qui soutient la chasse à l’ennui et aux temps morts, au profit d’une quête perpétuelle de satisfaction. Les substances ou les comportements addictifs demeurent des Pharmakon, c’est-à-dire qu’elles procurent un plaisir et sont un remède, avant de devenir un terrible poison. Mais l’addiction peut ainsi s’entendre comme une lutte anti-dépressive, l’absorption répétée de la substance visant à se superposer à un sentiment de vide insupportable et à une angoisse de séparation. Cette clinique du vide implique peut-être un mouvement plus étayant de la part du clinicien, un mouvement pour s’engager dans le gué et ne pas être trop frustrant.
7
Kullack, Claire, and Jonathan Laugharne. "Le protocole EMDR standard pour la dépendance à l'alcool et à d'autres substances psychoactives en comorbidité avec un état de stress post-traumatique : quatre cas avec un suivi après 12 mois." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 11, no. 2 (2017): 45E—60E. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.11.2.45.
Full textAbstract:
Ce compte-rendu commence par un résumé de la littérature concernant les modèles théoriques qui soustendent la relation comorbide entre l'état de stress post-traumatique et les troubles de dépendance à des substances psychoactives, abordant également les divers protocoles modifiés pour les addictions, conçus pour aider au traitement de ces troubles. Cette série de cas donne un aperçu des effets que le protocole EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) standard a eu sur la dépendance à l'alcool et à d'autres substances psychoactives chez 4 patients de notre clinique du stress post-traumatique à Fremantle, en Australie-Occidentale, traités principalement pour un état de stress post-traumatique. Les patients ont été évalués pour des troubles addictifs à l'aide du Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus avant, immédiatement après et douze mois après la fin de la psychothérapie EMDR. Les résultats indiquent que le protocole EMDR standard a permis de réduire la consommation d'alcool et d'autres substances psychoactives. Avant le traitement, trois patients répondaient aux critères du syndrome de dépendance à l'alcool et un aux critères du syndrome de dépendance à une autre substance psychoactive. Lors du suivi après douze mois, trois patients sur quatre ne répondaient plus aux critères d'une dépendance présente à l'alcool ou d'une dépendance présente à une autre substance psychoactive. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées au regard des théories de l'état de stress post-traumatique en comorbidité avec un syndrome de dépendance à des substances psychoactives et des protocoles EMDR modifiés développés pour les patients atteints d'une dépendance à des substances psychoactives.
8
Michel, L. "Addictions aux substances psychoactives illicites–polytoxicomanies." Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 164, no. 3 (April 2006): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2006.01.002.
Full text
9
Brousse, G. "Le plaisir n’est-il que dans le gène : où en sommes-nous de l’interaction gène-individu-environnement dans les addictions ?" European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.043.
Full textAbstract:
Les facteurs déterminants dans l’apparition des addictions sont généralement présentés selon la formule consacrée : interaction produit-individu-environnement. Le poids variable du facteur produit dans cette équation tiendrait à la différence de potentialité addictogène entre les différentes substances psychoactives. En ce qui concerne la vulnérabilité relative des individus on retient les facteurs psychologiques considérés comme acquis, les facteurs génétiques, et à mi-chemin entre les deux, les pathologies psychiatriques. Enfin, l’environnement constitue le creuset où l’alchimie addictive va opérer ou non. Même s’il reste très large et discutable ce modèle interactif a permis de compenser les positions unicistes. Ainsi, si on a mis, à juste titre, beaucoup d’espoir dans la vulnérabilité liée aux gènes l’intérêt de cette approche repose beaucoup plus aujourd’hui sur l’étude d’une dynamique gène environnement ou d’une interaction gène traitement que sur la découverte d’une cause unique de la maladie addictive. De la même façon, l’idée d’identifier un trouble psychologique spécifique des addictions s’éloigne progressivement. C’est la recherche sur l’interaction des différents facteurs qui enrichit aujourd’hui la connaissance en addictologie. Nous avons souhaité rendre compte des avancées en la matière. Pour ce faire nous présenteront d’abord des travaux concernant les interactions gènes traitement dans l’addiction aux opiacés (Dr F. Vorspan, Paris), puis nous discuterons de l’interaction de l’individu avec son environnement en particulier dans l’addiction à l’alcool (Dr P. Nubupko, Limoges) et enfin nous aborderons l’état des connaissances actuelles sur l’implication des facteurs psychologiques et psychiatriques dans l’étiologie de ces troubles (Pr C. Lançon, Marseille).
10
Brunault, P. "Concept d’addiction à l’alimentation : mesures et données dans l’obésité." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.089.
Full textAbstract:
Le concept d’addiction à l’alimentation a été récemment proposé en appliquant les critères diagnostiques DSM de dépendance à une substance dans le champ de l’alimentation . Selon ces auteurs, il est possible de développer vis-à-vis de l’alimentation (et notamment vis-à-vis de certains aliments riches en graisse ou en sucre) une relation de dépendance similaire aux autres addictions. L’intérêt de ce concept est de pouvoir identifier un sous-groupe plus homogène de patients pour lesquels il serait possible de proposer des stratégies thérapeutiques plus ciblées. Bien qu’il ne soit pas démontré que l’addiction à l’alimentation mène nécessairement à l’obésité, la plupart des travaux sur l’addiction à l’alimentation ont été réalisés chez des patients obèses car ce trouble y est plus fréquent qu’en population générale. Ainsi, l’addiction à l’alimentation (mesurée à l’aide de la Yale Food Addiction Scale ) était plus fréquente chez certains patients obèses : patients célibataires, présentant certaines caractéristiques psychopathologiques (symptômes de dépression, de TDAH, de stress post-traumatique, antécédent de traumatisme physique ou sexuel dans l’enfance, difficultés de régulation émotionnelle) et ayant des altérations du circuit opioïde et du système de la récompense . L’addiction à l’alimentation était plus fréquente chez les individus consommant plus fréquemment et en plus grande quantité des aliments riches en graisse, à fort index glycémique ou industriels, mais n’était pas associée à la sévérité de l’obésité. Ces résultats soulignent la pertinence de considérer l’addiction à l’alimentation comme une addiction à part entière ainsi que l’intérêt de proposer à ces patients des prises en charge classiquement efficaces en addictologie (entretiens motivationnels, prévention de la rechute, psychothérapies, traitements médicamenteux ciblant les systèmes neurobiologiques impliqués dans les addictions, voire traitements de substitution, prévention et politique de réduction des risques) .
11
Rolova, Gabriela, Beata Gavurova, and Benjamin Petruzelka. "Health Literacy, Self-Perceived Health, and Substance Use Behavior among Young People with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084337.
Full textAbstract:
Licit and illicit substance use is one of the major public health issues with severe negative health consequences for individuals and society. Health literacy is essential for improving one’s health and navigation in the healthcare system. However, the evidence of health literacy in people with substance use disorders is limited. This study aims to examine health literacy and its socio-demographic, health-related, and substance use-related correlates in young people with alcohol (AUD) and substance use disorders (SUD). In this study, cross-sectional data of young people undergoing addiction treatment for AUD (N = 201, mean age 37.6) and SUD (N = 165, mean age 31.1) were used. Health literacy was assessed using the HLS-EU-Q47. Simple and multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the correlates of health literacy. In total, 37.8% of participants with AUD and 41.8% of SUD had limited health literacy. In participants with AUD, living condition factors, self-perceived health indicators, and frequency of alcohol use showed a significant effect on health literacy. In participants with SUD, financial factors, self-perceived health indicators, and injection sharing showed a significant effect. Increasing health literacy might contribute to improved health outcomes and decreased high-risk substance use-related behavior in people undergoing addiction treatment.
12
Dervaux, A. "Attachement insécure et addictions : influence sur la prise en charge." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.222.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreux patients consultant pour des conduites addictives présentent des troubles de l’attachement (67 % dans l’étude de Wedekind et al. chez des patients alcoolodépendants) [1], notamment des troubles de l’attachement insécure-évitant, insécure-désorganisé et insécure-ambivalent. Ces troubles peuvent être isolés ou s’inscrire dans le cadre de troubles de la personnalité (40 % des sujets alcoolodépendants et 70 % des sujets dépendants aux drogues selon les critères DSM-IV dans l’étude National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC) [2]. Les travaux sur les troubles de l’attachement font écho aux études sur les traumatismes, les états de stress post-traumatiques et l’alexithymie chez les patients présentant des addictions [3].La consommation de substances peut être considérée comme une stratégie adaptative à la réalité externe en soulageant les sentiments de détresse émotionnelle, de souffrance psychique, angoisse, tristesse, colère… En l’absence de sentiments de sécurité interne suffisants, ou en raison de liens d’attachement vécus comme menaçants ou entravant leur autonomie, les patients vont tenter de gérer leurs émotions à l’aide de substances psychoactives, plus faciles à maîtriser, du moins à court terme.Les troubles de l’attachement influencent la relation médecin-malade, en particulier chez les sujets présentant des troubles de personnalité état-limites (16 % des sujets alcoolodépendants et 31 % des sujets dépendants aux drogues dans l’étude NESARC), chez qui les troubles de l’attachement insécure-désorganisé sont particulièrement fréquents [4].Ces patients nécessitent de trouver une bonne distance relationnelle lors de la prise en charge. Les techniques d’entretiens motivationnels sont particulièrement adaptées, notamment du fait de l’approche dialectique ou le thérapeute intervient de façon active, mais ou les patients sont incités à garder leur autonomie et liberté de décision. Ils sont également encouragés à participer aux processus de changement, par exemple à l’aide de grilles décisionnelles (le pour et le contre de la poursuite de la consommation).
13
Slutske, Wendy S., Jarrod M. Ellingson, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd, Gu Zhu, and Nicholas G. Martin. "Shared Genetic Vulnerability for Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder in Men and Women: Evidence from a National Community-Based Australian Twin Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.11.
Full textAbstract:
Disordered gambling (DG) will soon be included along with the substance use disorders in a revised diagnostic category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 called ‘Substance Use and Addictive Disorders’. This was premised in part on the common etiologies of DG and the substance use disorders. Using data from the national community-based Australian Twin Registry, we used biometric model fitting to examine the extent to which the genetic liabilities for DG and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were shared, and whether this differed for men and women. The effect of using categorical versus dimensional DG and AUD phenotypes was explored, as was the effect of using diagnoses based on the DSM-IV and the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The genetic correlations between DG and AUD ranged from 0.29 to 0.44. There was a significantly larger genetic correlation between DG and AUD among men than women when using dimensional phenotypes. Overall, about one-half to two-thirds of the association between DG and AUD was due to a shared genetic vulnerability. This study represents one of the few empirical demonstrations of an overlap in the genetic risk for DG and another substance-related addictive disorder. More research is needed on the genetic overlap between DG and other substance use disorders, as well as the genetic overlap between DG and other (non-substance-related) psychiatric disorders.
14
Tognide, C. M., D. Houinato, M. G. Gansou, A. Affoucou, E. Klikpo, J. Ezin Houngbe, Y. Amonles, and V. Avahoui. "Addictions à l’alcool et aux autres substances psychoactives en milieu rural au sud du Bénin." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 62 (September 2014): S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2014.06.163.
Full text
15
Wiercigroch, D., H. Sheikh, and J. Hulme. "MP01: Retention and treatment outcomes for patients with substance use disorders treated in a rapid access to addiction medicine clinic." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.136.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Substance use is prevalent in Canada yet treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) is often inaccessible. Consequently, alcohol and opioid-related diagnoses such as intoxication, withdrawal, and overdose are a major reason for frequent emergency department (ED) visits. The Rapid Access to Addiction Medicine (RAAM) Clinic opened at the University Health Network (UHN) in January 2018 as part of a larger network of clinics in Toronto, and provides rapid, low barrier access to medical treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Patients attended via self-referral, peer-referral, or referral by the ED, primary care, internal medicine or withdrawal management services. This study describes the demographic profile and short-term outcomes for patients attending a new RAAM clinic in its first 26 weeks of operation, including substance use and treatment retention for AUD and OUD. Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical record at the clinic over its first 26 weeks of operation. We assessed SUD diagnoses, referral source, prescribed medications, self-reported outcomes and retention rates. We calculated descriptive statistics using proportions for categorical variables and means with standard error for continuous variables. A student's t-test was used for all statistical analyses using Microsoft Excel. We reviewed the electronic medical record at the clinic over its first 26 weeks of operation. We assessed SUD diagnoses, referral source, prescribed medications, self-reported outcomes and retention rates. We calculated descriptive statistics using proportions for categorical variables and means with standard error for continuous variables. A student's t-test was used for all statistical analyses using Microsoft Excel. Results: The clinic saw 64 unique patients: 66% had an AUD, 39% had an OUD and 20% had a stimulant use disorder. 55% of patients were referred from outpatient care providers, 30% from the emergency department and 11% from withdrawal management services. 42% remained ongoing patients, 23% were discharged to other care and 34% were lost to follow-up. Gabapentin (38%), naltrexone (33%), and acamprosate (20%) were most frequently prescribed for AUD. Patients with AUD reported a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in alcohol consumption at their most recent visit compared to their initial visit. Most patients (78%) with OUD were prescribed buprenorphine, and most (89%) patients with OUD on buprenorphine had a negative urine screen at their most recent visit. Conclusion: A new RAAM outpatient clinic demonstrates the early success of a low-barrier addictions model in addressing unmet needs in substance use treatment. We see a reduction in both alcohol consumption and opioid use, and increased access to evidence-based pharmacotherapy for SUDs.
16
Desbois, B., J. Lacoste, M. Jan, L. Jehel, and S. Lamy. "Évaluation des bienfaits de l’acupuncture dans la prise en charge des sujets dépendants aux substances à l’aide des Échelles Visuelles Analogiques." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.020.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectifsL’acupuncture est de plus en plus utilisée en addictologie [1,2]. Au CHU de Martinique, les patients présentant des addictions aux substances en bénéficient depuis une quinzaine d’années. Notre étude permet d’évaluer les bienfaits subjectifs de l’acupuncture chez ces patients en utilisant les Échelles Visuelles Analogiques avant et après les séances.MéthodesCes évaluations ont été proposées à l’ensemble des patients venus faire des séances d’acupuncture durant le mois de juillet 2012. Les patients ont côté sur une échelle entre 0 et 10 leurs fatigue, bien-être, stress/anxiété, détente, douleur physique avant et après les séances.RésultatsCent six fiches anonymes avant/après ont été analysées. Trente-cinq patients déclarent être abstinents, 53 déclarent être consommateurs réguliers d’une ou plusieurs substances (42 % alcool, 58 % tabac, 20 % crack, 38 % cannabis) et 18 sont données manquantes. L’ensemble des patients ont rapporté une diminution de leurs anxiété/stress (p = 0,0001), sensation de fatigue (p = 0,001) et douleur physique (p = 0,0001). Ils signalent également une amélioration de leur détente (p = 0,001) et de leur bien-être (p = 0,001). ConclusionDans notre population, les séances d’acupuncture semblent améliorer les ressentis des patients dans plusieurs domaines. Il sera intéressant de poursuivre cette étude en étudiant non seulement les biais liés à la relaxation et aux croyances magico-religieuses mais aussi en étudiant différents paramètres objectifs comme la diminution de la consommation et le cardio feedback.
17
Qeadan, Fares, Nana A. Mensah, Lily Y. Gu, Erin F. Madden, Kamilla L. Venner, and Kevin English. "Trends in the Use of Naltrexone for Addiction Treatment among Alcohol Use Disorder Admissions in U.S. Substance Use Treatment Facilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168884.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Naltrexone, a medication for addiction treatment (MAT), is an FDA-approved medication recommended for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Despite the high prevalence of AUD and efficacy of naltrexone, only a small percentage of individuals with AUD receive treatment. Objectives: To identify trends for the prescription of naltrexone in AUD admissions in substance use treatment centers across the U.S. Methods: Data from the 2000–2018 U.S. Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS-A) were used in temporal trend analysis of naltrexone prescription in admissions that only used alcohol. Data from the 2019 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) were also used to characterize medication use among AUD clients across different treatment service settings. Results: Treatment of AUD with naltrexone was 0.49% in 2000 and tripled from 0.53% in 2015 to 1.64% in 2018 in AUD admissions (p < 0.0001 for the Cochran–Armitage trend test). Women, middle-aged adults, and admissions for clients living in the Northeast U.S. were more likely to be prescribed naltrexone than their respective counterparts, as were admissions with prior treatment episodes and referrals through alcohol/drug use care providers, who paid for treatment primarily through private insurance, used alcohol daily in the month prior to admission, and waited 1–7 days to enter treatment. Naltrexone was more commonly prescribed by AUD admissions compared to acamprosate and disulfiram and was more frequently prescribed in residential and outpatient services as opposed to hospital inpatient services. Conclusions: Naltrexone remains underutilized for AUD, and factors that influence prescription of medication are multifaceted. This study may contribute to the creation of effective interventions aimed at reducing naltrexone disparities for AUD.
18
Heinz, Andreas, Anne Beck, Melissa Gül Halil, Maximilian Pilhatsch, Michael N. Smolka, and Shuyan Liu. "Addiction as Learned Behavior Patterns." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081086.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have to cope with drug-related cues and contexts which can affect instrumental drug seeking, as shown with Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks among humans and animals. Our review addresses two potential mechanisms that may contribute to habitual or even compulsive drug seeking and taking. One mechanism is represented by Pavlovian and PIT effects on drug intake. The other is a shift from goal-directed to habitual drug intake, which can be accessed via model-based versus model-free decision-making in respective learning tasks. We discuss the impact of these learning mechanisms on drug consumption. First, we describe how Pavlovian and instrumental learning mechanisms interact in drug addiction. Secondly, we address the effects of acute and chronic stress exposure on behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Thirdly, we discuss how these learning mechanisms and their respective neurobiological correlates can contribute to losing versus regaining control over drug intake. Utilizing mobile technology (mobile applications on smartphones including games that measure learning mechanisms, activity bracelets), computational models, and real-world data may help to better identify patients with a high relapse risk and to offer targeted behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions for vulnerable patients.
19
Kalema, David, Lore Van Damme, Sofie Vindevogel, Ilse Derluyn, Peter Baguma, and Wouter Vanderplasschen. "Correlates of motivation for treatment among alcohol service users in Uganda." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 42, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-04-2020-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Given the scarce literature on alcohol use disorders (AUD) and their treatment in developing countries, this paper aims to explore motivation levels and their correlates among alcohol service users in two residential treatment centres in Kampala, Uganda. This study how motivation levels of Ugandan alcohol service users compare with those from American studies; and the specific factors affecting internal and external motivation in the Ugandan context. Design/methodology/approach The motivation for treatment was measured among 100 individuals entering AUD treatment using the Texas Christian University (TCU) Treatment needs and Motivation scale. The WHOQoL–BREF, Addiction Severity Index–6 and Hopkins Symptoms Check List–37 were used to measure addiction severity, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathology, respectively. Correlates of motivation were identified using linear regression analyses. Findings Ugandan service users demonstrated low treatment motivation in the treatment needs a domain. While addiction severity (recent heavy alcohol use) and participating in private treatment were associated with higher internal and external motivation, deterioration in physical and environmental QoL, depressive symptoms and lower education were linked with higher internal motivation. Research limitations/implications Different elements affect domains of treatment motivation, requiring attention for clients’ unique needs as influenced by their background, addiction severity, QoL, psychological needs and contextual factors (e.g. treatment setting). Further studies are needed to explore additional correlates of motivation for treatment among alcohol service users in Uganda and to assess the longitudinal impact of motivation on treatment outcomes. Originality/value Although motivation has been extensively studied, clinicians are challenged in understanding and explaining motivational dynamics given the multiplicity of factors influencing change-related decisions and behaviours and the diversity in substance-using populations. This need is even bigger in non-Western societies as cultural differences may require differential therapeutic management. This is one of the first studies measuring motivation for AUD treatment in a low-income country and offers insight for understanding motivation dynamics in similar settings.
20
Du Roscoät, E. "Interventions de prévention des conduites addictives chez les adolescents les plus efficaces dans la littérature scientifique." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.026.
Full textAbstract:
Les interventions de prévention des conduites addictives chez les adolescents ont fait l’objet d’études d’évaluation visant à mesurer leur efficacité. Nous proposons de présenter un panorama des interventions évaluées comme efficaces sur la prévention des consommations de substances psychoactives chez les jeunes (alcool, tabac et substances illicites). Ce travail a été réalisé en 2014 dans le cadre de l’expertise collective de l’Inserm « conduite addictive chez les adolescents. Usages, prévention et accompagnement » . Il s’est appuyé sur l’exploitation des corpus bibliographiques de trois synthèses de littérature publiées en 2013 par l’Institut national de prévention et d’éducation pour la santé (INPES). Notre analyse comprend 12 revues systématiques de la Cochrane Library, huit synthèses ou revues d’organismes ou instituts œuvrant dans le champ de la santé publique, et 13 revues systématiques de la littérature scientifique publiées entre 2002 et 2012. Nous avons complété l’analyse à l’aide de trois revues de littérature consacrées spécifiquement aux interventions d’aide à distance. Ces données ont été synthétisées afin de dégager les principales approches préventives ayant fait la preuve de leur efficacité sur la prévention des comportements d’expérimentation ou sur la réduction (diminution ou arrêt) des comportements de consommation d’alcool, de tabac et de substances illicites. Les interventions jugées efficaces sont les interventions visant à développer les compétences psychosociales des élèves, en particulier la résistance à l’influence des pairs, la résolution de problèmes, l’affirmation et l’estime de soi. Les autres interventions ayant fait la preuve de leur efficacité sont les interventions visant le développement des compétences parentales, les stratégies à composantes multiples, les interventions fondées sur l’entretien motivationnel, les interventions incluant un volet psychothérapeutique, les interventions d’aide à distance, certaines campagnes médias et certaines interventions visant à limiter l’accès aux produits.
21
Maremmani, Angelo, Matteo Pacini, and Icro Maremmani. "What we have learned from the Methadone Maintenance Treatment of Dual Disorder Heroin Use Disorder patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2019): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030447.
Full textAbstract:
Mental Disorders and Heroin Use Disorder (HUD) often co-occur and constitute correlated risk factors that the authors believe are best considered from a unitary perspective. In this article we review and discuss data collected by the V.P. Dole Research Group in Dual Disorder (V.P. Dole DD-RG) patients according to the following six discussion points: (1) Treatment of personality disorders during Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT); (2) Treatment of Mood Disorders during MMT; (3) Treatment of Anxiety Disorders during MMT; (4) Treatment of Psychotic Disorders during MMT; (5) Treatment of violence during MMT; (6) Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) during MMT. In treating Mood Disorder in HUD patients, we must bear in mind the interactions (potentiation and side effects) between psychopharmacology, used substances and agonist opioid medications; the use of psychiatric medications as an anti-craving drug, and the possible use of agonist and antagonist opioid medications in treating the other mental disorders. In treating chronic psychosis in HUD patients, we must consider the potentiation and side effects of antipsychotic drugs consequent on HUD treatment, worsening addiction hypophoria and inducing a more severe reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) in hypophoric patients. Violence and AUD during MMT can benefit from adequate dosages of methadone and co-medication with Sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). The experience of our V.P. Dole DD-RG suggests the following: (a) DD is the new paradigm in neuroscience in deepening our understanding of mental health; (b) To successfully treat DD patients a double competence is needed; (c) In managing DD patients priority must be given to Substance Use Disorder (SUD) treatment (stabilizing patients); (d) Antidepressant use is ancillary to SUD treatment; antipsychotic use must be restricted to acute phases; mood stabilizers must be preferred; any use of Benzodiazepines (BDZs) must be avoided.
22
Santos, G., C. Lima, and J. Vitória. "Alcohol use disorder following traumatic brain injury: Lessons learned from bench to bedside." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1080.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction and objectivesTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in a variety of neuropsychiatric disturbances ranging from subtle deficits to severe intellectual and emotional disturbances, including cognitive impairments, mood and psychotic disorders and behavioral disturbances. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and TBI are closely related. The reward-mediated behaviors central to alcohol addiction seem to interact with the cognitive dysfunction of TBI. First, a significant proportion of patients with TBI have a history of alcohol abuse. Second, AUD might jeopardize TBI recovery and trigger or lower seizures threshold. Third, both AUD and TBI share a negative impact on mental functioning (from memory and cognitive performance to mood impairment). Finally, there is some limited and recent evidence that TBI can increase AUD in patients with no history of substance use prior to the injury, by disrupting incentive-motivation neurocircuitry.MethodsWe aim to present a 27-year-old Portuguese male patient without prior psychiatric history who developed AUD and epilepsy after TBI (from a work-related fall).ResultsAfter 3 years of treatment, the patient's hasn’t achieved abstinence. His treatment included pharmacological therapy with mood stabilizers, flufenazine injections and naltrexone, psychotherapy and rehabilitative interventions.ConclusionsGiven the sparse knowledge about this dual diagnosis, the approach of AUD after TBI is still challenging and the best treatment remains to be determined. Monitoring alcohol consumption should be considered in all patients presenting with TBI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
23
Miettunen, J., J. Löhönen, H. Koponen, M. Isohanni, and J. Koskinen. "Prevalence of Alcohol use Disorders in Schizophrenia - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71399-9.
Full textAbstract:
Objective:Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent significant comorbidity in schizophrenia. Previous reviews have reported a wide range (12-55%) of dual diagnosis prevalence: however, there is no agreement on overall prevalence. Our aim is to present recent studies of AUD, estimate overall prevalence, and study characteristics affecting the prevalence of AUD.Method:We conducted a search using three electronic literature databases and a manual search on articles published in 1996-2007. Metaregression was used to study how prevalence is affected by different study characteristics.Results:Altogether 58 studies met our criteria. the median of current AUD prevalence was 10.1% (IQR=4.6-24.5, 19 studies) and median of lifetime AUD prevalence 22.2% (IQR= 12.1-32.0, 45 studies). in studies using DSM-III-R the median prevalence was higher than in studies using DSM-IV, ICD-9 or ICD-10 (32.3/18.1/10.3/5.9%).Conclusions:Our systematic literature search found a wide range of prevalence estimates of AUD in schizophrenia patients. Approximately every fifth schizophrenia patient had AUD diagnosis. When contrasted to studies published between 1990-95 our results show a descending trend in AUD prevalence: however, AUDs are still common in schizophrenia patients. the decrease may be explained by changes in diagnostic systems, although it is also possible that other addictive substances, such as cannabis, have replaced alcohol in some countries. other sample characteristics did not affect to the prevalence estimates.
24
Garcia-Romeu, Albert, Alan K. Davis, Fire Erowid, Earth Erowid, Roland R. Griffiths, and Matthew W. Johnson. "Cessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 9 (May 14, 2019): 1088–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119845793.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Meta-analysis of randomized studies using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) showed large, significant effects for LSD efficacy compared to control conditions. Clinical studies suggest potential anti-addiction effects of LSD and mechanistically-related classic psychedelics for alcohol and other substance use disorders.Aims:To supplement clinical studies, reports of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings can provide further data regarding potential effects of psychedelics on alcohol use.Methods:An anonymous online survey of individuals with prior AUD reporting cessation or reduction in alcohol use following psychedelic use in non-clinical settings.Results:343 respondents, mostly White (89%), males (78%), in the USA (60%) completed the survey. Participants reported seven years of problematic alcohol use on average before the psychedelic experience to which they attributed reduced alcohol consumption, with 72% meeting retrospective criteria for severe AUD. Most reported taking a moderate or high dose of LSD (38%) or psilocybin (36%), followed by significant reduction in alcohol consumption. After the psychedelic experience 83% no longer met AUD criteria. Participants rated their psychedelic experience as highly meaningful and insightful, with 28% endorsing psychedelic-associated changes in life priorities or values as facilitating reduced alcohol misuse. Greater psychedelic dose, insight, mystical-type effects, and personal meaning of experiences were associated with a greater reduction in alcohol consumption, controlling for prior alcohol consumption and related distress.Conclusions:Although results cannot demonstrate causality, they suggest that naturalistic psychedelic use may lead to cessation or reduction in problematic alcohol use, supporting further investigation of psychedelic-assisted treatment for AUD.
25
Cheng, H. G., M. R. Phillips, X. Li, J. Zhang, Q. Shi, G. Xu, Z. Song, Z. Ding, and S. Pang. "Co-occurrence of DSM-IV mental disorders and alcohol use disorder among adult Chinese males." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 16 (May 29, 2017): 2811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001337.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundStudies from high-income countries report moderate-to-strong positive associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other mental disorders, but there is little evidence about the comorbidity of AUD from low-and-middle-income countries.MethodsA sample of 74 752 adults from five provinces that account for >12% of China's adult population was screened using the General Health Questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was administered by psychiatrists to a subsample of 9619 males. The associations between AUD and other mental disorders at each site and the characteristics of men with AUD with and without comorbid mental disorders were estimated using logistic regression and summarized across sites using meta-analysis. Generalized estimation equations estimated the associations between the clinical features of alcohol dependence and comorbidity.ResultsRobust inverse associations were found between current AUD and any mood disorder (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.8) and any anxiety disorder (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–1.0). Compared with men without AUD, men with AUD without comorbid disorders were more likely to be middle-aged, to be currently married, and to have higher family incomes. Men with comorbid AUD and other disorders were more likely to have the clinical features of alcohol dependence than men with AUD without comorbid disorders.ConclusionsInverse associations between AUD and other mental disorders and the higher social status of men with AUD than men without AUD found in this large, representative sample of community-dwelling Chinese males highlight the importance of considering the local substance-use culture when designing clinical or preventive interventions for addictive conditions.
26
Barde, M. "Consommation de cannabis chez les patients souffrant de troubles bipolaires. Quelles conséquences cliniques ?" European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.115.
Full textAbstract:
Le trouble bipolaire (TB) apparaît comme étant la pathologie psychiatrique la plus associée aux comorbidités addictives. Parmi elles les Troubles Liés à l’Utilisation de Cannabis (TLUC) sont très fréquents (entre 30 et 60 % en fonction des cohortes). Devant cette réalité clinique, comprendre l’impact des TLUC sur le cours évolutif des troubles bipolaires paraît une question importante. Notre étude porte sur 910 patients bipolaires inclus dans la cohorte des centres experts sur le TB. L’évaluation du TB ainsi que des comorbidités addictives ont été réalisés avec la Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), le fonctionnement, la sévérité et les comobidités ont été évalués à l’aide d’échelles spécifiques. Les patients souffrant de TB et d’un TLUC sont préférentiellement des hommes avec un âge de début plus jeune et une durée d’évolution plus courte que ceux sans comorbidité addictive. Le TB est plus sévère lorsqu’il est comorbide d’un TLUC. On note chez ce sous-groupe plus d’épisodes maniaques ou mixtes ainsi que plus d’épisodes psychotiques. Nous relevons plus d’épisodes thymiques (et notamment plus de cycles rapides) et d’hospitalisations sur les 12 derniers mois. Les tentatives de suicides (TS) et en particulier les TS graves ne semblent pas être corrélées à l’abus ou à la dépendance de cannabis chez les patients bipolaires. Le TLUC s’accompagne d’autres comorbidités avec plus de TDAH, plus de troubles anxieux et plus de troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances sur la vie entière (tabac et autres substances). Sur le plan dimensionnel, nous trouvons une association entre le TLUC dans le TB avec une hostilité, une impulsivité mesurées plus importantes, un fonctionnement global mesuré moins bon. À l’inverse, nous ne trouvons pas de lien entre TLUC et antécédents de traumatismes durant l’enfance (ni pour le score global du Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ni pour les sous scores).
27
Leighty, Anne E., and Elayne D. Ansara. "Treatment outcomes of long-acting injectable naltrexone versus oral naltrexone in alcohol use disorder in veterans." Mental Health Clinician 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2019.11.392.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction In veterans, the prevalence of 12-month and lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) is 14.8% and 42.2%, respectively. Alcohol use disorder treatment is often plagued by medication discontinuation with relapse rates being as high as 39% in patients who sought treatment. One proposed benefit of long-acting injectable (LAI) medications is improved adherence. The purpose of this trial was to compare the difference in time to relapse between patients on oral and LAI naltrexone. Methods This study was a retrospective electronic chart review of patients with AUD who were treated with oral or LAI naltrexone at a Veteran's Affairs Medical Center from August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2018. The primary outcome assessed was time to relapse. Secondary outcomes for this study included medication possession ratio (MPR), comorbid mental health diagnosis, substance use, past pharmacological treatment, liver and kidney function, and enrollment in addiction-focused psychosocial therapy. Results Thirty-two patients met inclusion criteria. The median time to relapse was longer for those treated with LAI naltrexone versus oral naltrexone (150.5 days vs 50.5 days, P < .01). The MPR was similar among both groups (P = .47). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding safety outcomes. Discussion Results suggest that LAI naltrexone is associated with increased time to relapse and should be considered as a first-line option for patients. Given the retrospective nature and small sample size of this study, larger, randomized, controlled trials comparing LAI and oral naltrexone head to head would help determine most appropriate treatment for these patients.
28
Kalema, David, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Sofie Vindevogel, Peter K. Baguma, and Ilse Derluyn. "Treatment challenges for alcohol service users in Kampala, Uganda." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 6, no. 1 (October 4, 2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.240.
Full textAbstract:
Kalema, D., Vanderplasschen, W., Vindevogel, S., Baguma, P., & Derluyn, I. (2017). Treatment challenges for alcohol service users in Kampala, Uganda. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 27-35. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.240Background and Aims: Enhancing treatment participation of persons with substance use disorders is a challenge worldwide. Obstacles keeping people from entering or continuing treatment are well documented in Western countries, but such knowledge is scarce in majority countries that face particular challenges when implementing alcohol policies. This study aimed at identifying factors challenging treatment participation in Uganda, a Sub-Saharan country with a considerable alcohol problem.Methods: Data were collected during 30 in-depth, qualitative interviews on treatment challenges with 20 service providers and 10 male service users, who were recruited at one public and one private alcohol treatment center in the Ugandan capital city, Kampala. Men comprise about 90% of the total number of service users in these centers. Interview data were analyzed thematically, using Nvivo software, and were categorized around three levels of treatment challenges: societal, institutional, and personal challenges.Findings: Interview findings showed several treatment challenges relating to institutional aspects like inadequate human resources, overall insufficiency of services, and the treatment philosophy of available services. Respondents identified stigma and cultural interference as important challenges at the societal level, while limited awareness about addiction and denial of problems can be situated at the individual level.Conclusions: Institutional, societal, and personal challenges keep persons with AUD from participating in alcohol treatment in public and private services in Uganda. Alcohol regulation, sensitization, and prevention are needed to raise awareness at the societal and individual level, while appropriate training and additional financial resources may help to overcome institutional challenges.
29
Heitmann, Janika, and Peter J. de Jong. "Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (February 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626326.
Full textAbstract:
Current cognitive models of addiction imply that speeded detection and increased distraction from substance cues might both independently contribute to the persistence of addictive behavior. Speeded detection might lower the threshold for experiencing craving, whereas increased distraction might further increase the probability of entering a bias-craving-bias cycle, thereby lowering the threshold for repeated substance use. This study was designed to examine whether indeed both attentional processes are involved in substance use disorders. Both attentional processes were indexed by an Odd-One-Out visual search task in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 63) and cannabis use disorder (CUD; n = 28). To test whether the detection and/or the distraction component are characteristic for AUD and CUD, their indices were compared with matched individuals without these diagnoses (respectively, n = 63 and n = 28). Individuals with CUD showed speeded detection of cannabis cues; the difference in detection between AUD and the comparison group remained inconclusive. Neither the AUD nor the CUD group showed more distraction than the comparison groups. The sample size of the CUD group was relatively small. In addition, participants made relatively many errors in the attentional bias (AB) task, which might have lowered its sensitivity to detect ABs. The current study provided no support for the proposed role of increased distraction in CUD and AUD. The findings did, however, provide support for the view that speeded detection might be involved in CUD. Although a similar trend was evident for AUD, the evidence was weak and remained therefore inconclusive.
30
Chanut, Florence. "Impulsivité et troubles liés à une substance : un mélange explosif !" Psychiatrie et violence 12, no. 1 (May 28, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025227ar.
Full textAbstract:
Un nombre croissant d’études utilisant des techniques comportementales, neurobiologiques et d’imagerie confirment une forte association entre l’impulsivité et les comportements dits «addictifs» (entrainant une dépendance), telle que le jeu pathologique, les comportements alimentaires excessifs et les troubles liés à une substance. Les troubles liés à l’usage d’une substance sont la forme la plus étudiée de comportements «addictifs». Le présent article se veut un résumé des données scientifiques actuelles liant toxicomanie et impulsivité, en terminant par quelques pistes de traitement adaptées aux moyens cliniques courants.
31
Strong, Caroline E., and Mohamed Kabbaj. "Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Rewarding and Therapeutic Effects of Ketamine as a Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder." Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 14 (December 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.593860.
Full textAbstract:
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder and causes a significant global burden. Relapse rates remain incredibly high after decades of attempting to develop novel treatment options that have failed to produce increased rates of sobriety. Ketamine has emerged as a potential treatment for AUD following its success as a therapeutic agent for depression, demonstrated by several preclinical studies showing that acute administration reduced alcohol intake in rodents. As such, ketamine’s therapeutic effects for AUD are now being investigated in clinical trials with the hope of it being efficacious in prolonging sobriety from alcohol in humans (ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01558063). Importantly, ketamine’s antidepressant effects only last for about 1-week and because AUD is a lifelong disorder, repeated treatment regimens would be necessary to maintain sobriety. This raises questions regarding its safety for AUD treatment since ketamine itself has the potential for addiction. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the neuroadaptations related to alcohol’s addictive properties as well as ketamine’s therapeutic and addictive properties. To do this, the focus will be on reward-related brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) to understand how acute vs. chronic exposure will alter reward signaling over time. Additionally, evidence from these studies will be summarized in both male and female subjects. Accordingly, this review aims to address the safety of repeated ketamine infusions for the treatment of AUD. Although more work about the safety of ketamine to treat AUD is warranted, we hope this review sheds light on some answers about the safety of repeated ketamine infusions.
32
Légaré, Andrée-Anne, Isabelle Giroux, and Francine Ferland. "Traitement en groupe incluant des joueurs et des toxicomanes : atteinte des objectifs thérapeutiques et retombées." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 41 (April 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2019.41.7.
Full textAbstract:
Group therapy for multiple addictions, pathological gambling and drug dependency, has not yet been empirically validated. This study assesses the outcome of group therapy conducted with 8 gamblers and 16 substance users. Using a concurrent nested design, the study evaluates the effect of treatment on the reduction and/or elimination of the addictive behaviour. In order to better understand the findings, the study examined participants’ perceptions of group cohesion and their opinions on having a diversity of addiction problems within the group. The presence of specific therapeutic elements associated with cognitive behaviour therapy for pathological gambling was evaluated. The results suggest that 62% of the participants achieved their therapeutic objectives through the therapy. The achievement of therapeutic objectives is associated with the perception of a strong connection within the group. The participants did not appear to have had a positive opinion of the diversity of addiction problems within the group. Finally, it appears that the specific elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for pathological gambling, such as gambling specific information and cognitive restructuring of gambling distorted beliefs, are not presented to the gamblers in these groups. The study results demonstrate the need to re-examine the use of group therapy including gamblers and drug addicts, and further avenues of study are proposed.Résumé Les traitements en groupe incluant des problématiques de dépendance variées (GPDV), de jeu d’argent pathologique (JAP) et de toxicomanie, ne font pas l’objet actuellement de validation empirique. Conséquemment, la présente étude évalue les retombées des traitements en GPDV auprès de 8 joueurs et de 16 toxicomanes. Par un devis mixte de type simultané imbriqué, l’étude évalue les retombées du traitement sur l’atteinte des objectifs thérapeutiques de réduction ou de cessation du comportement de dépendance. Afin d’esquisser une piste explicative à ces retombées, l’étude examine également la force de la cohésion perçue et l’appréciation de l’hétérogénéité des problématiques de dépendance au sein du groupe. La présence de composantes spécifiques associées au traitement cognitif-comportemental du JAP est évaluée. Les résultats indiquent que 62 % des participants ont atteint leurs objectifs thérapeutiques après le traitement. L’atteinte des objectifs thérapeutique est associée à la perception d’une forte cohésion au sein du groupe. L’hétérogénéité des problématiques de dépendance au sein du groupe apparait peu appréciée des participants. Finalement, il semble que les composantes spécifiques du traitement du JAP ne sont pas présentées aux joueurs de ces groupes. À échéance, l’étude démontre la nécessité d’avoir une réflexion sur le recours au traitement en GDPV pour les joueurs et les toxicomanes et des pistes de recherches sont proposées.
33
Canali, Stefano, Daniela Altavilla, Alessandro Acciai, Valentina Deriu, Alessandra Chiera, Ines Adornetti, Alessia Bassi, et al. "The Narrative of Persons with Gambling Problems and Substance Use: A Multidimensional Analysis of the Language of Addiction." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 47 (March 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.47.7.
Full textAbstract:
Several studies have shown that the analysis of the narrative dimension may represent a useful instrument to shed light on certain critical psychological aspects; to this extent, it might also be fruitful to understand better the addiction disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the critical psychological-narrative aspects involved in Gambling Disorder (GD). A semi-structured interview, one which invited participants to narrate the various phases of addiction (addiction definition, onset, chronicization, relapse, desire, loss of control, control strategies, treatment, future behaviours with respect to the object of addiction), was administered to two groups of subjects in treatment: thirty with GD and eighteen with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). A quali-quantitative multidimensional analysis of this interview was performed. The dependent variables were psychological aspects (agency, passivity, locus of control, motivation) and narrative variables (global narrative coherence and self-projection into the future). The main findings showed that the GD presented a higher sense of agency, passivity, external locus of control and external motivation compared to SUD. Both groups showed a lower global narrative coherence score during the narration of desire (craving) compared to other phases. Moreover, both groups showed an absent self-projection into the future. The findings could be linked to possible impairment of the integration of the self, emotional dysregulation and low self-control typical in addiction. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the importance of the narrative dimension to detect certain critical points in the addiction condition on which to potentially address the treatment.RésuméPlusieurs études ont montré que l’analyse de la dimension narrative peut apporter un éclairage utile sur certains aspects psychologiques cruciaux; en ce sens, elle peut aussi contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des troubles de dépendance. Notre étude visait à examiner les aspects à la fois psychologiques et narratifs intervenant dans les troubles de dépendance. Nous avons réalisé des entrevues semi-structurées qui invitaient les participants à raconter les différentes phases de la dépendance (définition de la dépendance, début, chronicisation, rechute, désir, perte de maîtrise, stratégie de régulation, traitement, comportements futurs en ce qui a trait à l’objet de la dépendance). Nous avons mené ces entrevues auprès de deux groupes de personnes en traitement : 30 ayant une dépendance au jeu (DJ) et 18 ayant un trouble lié à l’usage d’une substance (TUS), puis nous en avons effectué une analyse multidimensionnelle quali-quantitative. Les variables dépendantes étaient des aspects psychologiques (agentivité, passivité, lieu de contrôle, motivation) et des variables narratives (cohérence narrative globale et projection de soi dans l’avenir). Les principaux résultats ont indiqué que, comparativement au groupe TUS, le groupe DJ présentait une meilleure perception sur les plans de l’agentivité, de la passivité, du lieu de contrôle externe et de la motivation extrinsèque. Par rapport aux autres phases, les deux groupes ont montré une cohérence narrative globale inférieure durant la narration relative au désir (envie irrésistible). En outre, les deux groupes ont montré une absence de projection de soi dans l’avenir. On peut lier ces résultats à l’intégration déficiente du moi, à la dysrégulation émotionnelle et au faible autocontrôle qui caractérisent la dépendance. En conclusion, notre étude souligne l’importance de la dimension narrative pour déceler certains aspects cruciaux de l’état de dépendance susceptibles d’orienter le traitement.
34
Khemiri, Lotfi, Johan Franck, and Nitya Jayaram-Lindström. "Effect of alcohol use disorder family history on cognitive function." Psychological Medicine, July 14, 2020, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329172000238x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive deficits but little is known to what degree this is caused by genetically influenced traits, i.e. endophenotypes, present before the onset of the disorder. The aim of the current study was to investigate to what degree family history (FH) of AUD is associated with cognitive functions. Methods Case-control cross-sectional study at an outpatient addiction research clinic. Treatment-seeking AUD patients (n = 106) were compared to healthy controls (HC; n = 90), matched for age and sex. The HC group was further subdivided into AUD FH positive (FH+; n = 47) or negative (FH−; n = 39) based on the Family Tree Questionnaire. Participants underwent psychiatric and substance use assessments, completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and performed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing response inhibition, decision making, attention, working memory, and emotional recognition. Results Compared to HC, AUD patients exhibited elevated self-rated impulsivity (p < 0.001; d = 0.62), as well as significantly poorer response inhibition (p = 0.001; d = 0.51), attention (p = 0.021; d = 0.38) and information gathering in decision making (p = 0.073; d = 0.34). Similar to AUD patients, FH+ individuals exhibited elevated self-rated impulsivity (p = 0.096; d = 0.46), and in addition significantly worse future planning capacity (p < 0.001; d = 0.76) and prolonged emotional recognition response time (p = 0.010; d = 0.60) compared to FH−, while no other significant differences were found between FH+ and FH−. Conclusions Elevated impulsivity, poor performance in future planning and emotional processing speed may be potential cognitive endophenotypes in AUD. These cognitive domains represent putative targets for prevention strategies and treatment of AUD.
35
Taylor, Stephanie L., Alexa J. Barrett, Albert M. Kopak, and Norman G. Hoffmann. "Increased propensity for violence among female jail detainees with PTSD, panic disorder and alcohol use disorder." Drugs and Alcohol Today ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (May 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-10-2020-0069.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The female jail population is steadily growing in rural jails across the country. Detainees have high rates of mental health and substance use disorders, some of which are linked to violent offenses. These conditions include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aims to examine the associations between these disorders among females charged with violent offenses. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 167 female detainees from local rural jails in the USA. To assess participants’ behavioral health, the Comprehensive Addictions and Psychological Evaluation – 5 (CAAPE-5) was administered. The associations between PTSD, PD, AUD and violent offenses were investigated using bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Findings Over half of the female detainees in the sample met criteria individually for PTSD, PD or AUD, substantiating previous work on prevalence rate. Of the sample, only 10% were charged with violent offenses, from which the predominant condition reported was PTSD. Among detainees arrested for violent offenses, 69% also met criteria for PTSD, 56% for AUD and 44% for PD. Multivariate results indicate AUD was the only significant predictor for violent offenses. Research limitations/implications Female detainees experience trauma and mental health conditions at high rates. Research-informed mental health care may result in increased treatment efficacy. Provided the links between PTSD, PD and AUD, special considerations for this population should address interpersonal factors in treatment that may relate to violent offenses. Originality/value Little research exists examining female jail detainees and the implications of AUD, PTSD and PD on violent offending. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between AUD, PTSD and PD in female jail detainees with violent offenses.
36
Jadnanansing, Raj, Matthijs Blankers, Rudi Dwarkasing, Kajal Etwaroo, Vincent Lumsden, Jack Dekker, and Robbert Bipat. "Prevalence of substance use disorders in an urban and a rural area in Suriname." Tropical Medicine and Health 49, no. 1 (February 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41182-021-00301-7.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Alcohol use disorders (AUD) have the worst impact in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where the disease burden per liter of alcohol consumed is higher than in wealthy populations. Furthermore, the median treatment gap for AUDs in LMICs is 78.1%. The highest prevalence of AUDs worldwide in 2004 was found in the western Pacific region, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. The main aim of this study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of risky alcohol use and the extent of the treatment gap in a rural (Nickerie) and in an urban (Paramaribo) area in Suriname, a LMICs country with a wide variety of ethnic groups. Methods The respondents were randomly recruited using a specific sampling method of the National Census Bureau. The final samples were 1837 households for Paramaribo and 1026 for Nickerie, reflecting the populations in both regions. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used to assess the likelihood of the presence of alcohol use disorder. A score of > 7 for the AUDIT implies risky alcohol use. Results The results indicated that 2% of the women and 15% of the men in the rural area scored 8 or higher on the AUDIT. In the urban area, these numbers were 3% and 17%, respectively. In both samples, the men had the highest addiction risk at about 16% compared with 2% for females. Married persons are significantly less likely to become alcoholic than singles and other groups in Paramaribo. In both areas, higher education was associated with a lower probability of alcohol abuse and dependence, while handymen showed a higher odd. A treatment gap of 50% was found for alcohol use disorders in the rural area. The corresponding gap in the urban area was 64%. Conclusions Surinamese men show a high prevalence of the likelihood of AUD. In addition, the treatment gap for these possible patients is large. It is therefore of paramount importance to develop therapeutic strategies with the aim of tackling this physically and mentally disabling disorder. Tailored E-health programs may be of benefit.
37
Galván, Sandra Torres, María Flores-López, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Oscar Porras-Perales, Raquel Nogueira-Arjona, Fermín Mayoral, et al. "Plasma concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with substance use disorders and comorbid major depressive disorder." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93075-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGranulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has raised much interest because of its role in cocaine addiction in preclinical models. We explored the plasma concentrations of G-CSF in patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD) and highly comorbid psychiatric disorders. In particular, we investigated the association between G-CSF concentrations and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with cocaine and alcohol use disorders (CUD and AUD, respectively). Additionally, patients with MDD but not SUD were included in the study. Three hundred and eleven participants were enrolled in this exploratory study: 136 control subjects, 125 patients with SUD (SUD group) from outpatient treatment programs for cocaine (N = 60, cocaine subgroup) and alcohol (N = 65, alcohol subgroup), and 50 patients with MDD but not SUD (MDD group) from primary-care settings. Participants were assessed based on DSM-IV-TR criteria, and a blood sample was collected to examine the plasma concentrations of G-CSF. G-CSF concentrations were negatively correlated with age in the entire sample (r = − 0.233, p < 0.001) but not in the patients with MDD. G-CSF concentrations were lower in patients with SUD than in controls (p < 0.05), specifically in the cocaine subgroup (p < 0.05). Patients with SUD and comorbid MDD had lower G-CSF concentrations than patients with SUD but not comorbid MDD or controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, patients with MDD but not SUD showed no differences compared with their controls. The negative association between G-CSF concentrations and age in the sample was not observed in patients with MDD. G-CSF concentrations were decreased in patients with SUD and comorbid MDD but not in patients with MDD. Therefore, G-CSF may be useful to improve the stratification of patients with dual diagnosis seeking treatment. Further investigation is needed to explore the impact of sex and type of drug on the expression of G-CSF.