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Kammoun, M. F., A. Anastasiu, T. Dumoulin, and J. L. Garrigou. "Hypnosis and Addictions: A Two Cases Report." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71286-6.
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The addiction's problems are more and more frequent at the psychaitric's consultation. Alcoholism and drug-addiction are the two types of addictions most frequently found.The bases of addiction's therapy are the weaning of the product, and the consolidation of weaning or the avoidance of the relapses.the results remain however very heterogeneous and sometimes disappointing. the usual therapies seem little adapted to the dynamics of addictive pathology, and the rechuttes are increasingly frequent, in the same way the risk of replacement of a symptom by another is not excluded.Can hypnosis help certain people to release their addictions? Hypnosis allows the subject the reinvestment its senses, as well as a modification of its relationship with the outside world. the patient can thus, to fall under a dynamics of change permattant to him to start a process of opening and exceeded the stage or it was solidified and locked up with the toxic product.Few work were carried out in the field of the assumption of responsibility patients suffering from drug-addiction and addictions under hypnosis.The objectives of this work is to study, through the illustration of two clinical cases of our daily practice, the place of hypnosis to help patients suffering from addcitives pathologies.
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Tomei, Alexander, Joseph Studer, and Gerhard Gmel. "Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00035.
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AbstractBackground and aimsSocial determinants are closely related to addiction, both as a cause and a consequence of substance use and other addictive behaviors. The present paper examines prosocialness (i.e. the tendency to help, empathize, and care for others) among a population of young males. We compared prosocialness across different types of addiction and examined whether prosocialness varied according to the presence of multiple addictions.MethodsA sample of 5,675 young males, aged 19–29 years old (Mean = 21.4; Median = 21), completed a questionnaire that included screening tools to identify addictive behaviors with regards to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, gambling, and gaming. The questionnaire also included a scale to measure prosocialness.ResultsCompared to a no-addiction control group, the subgroups of young men suffering from behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling and gaming) reported the lowest levels of prosocialness. Respondents with an alcohol addiction also showed lower prosocialness compared to no-addiction controls. By contrast, no significant differences in prosocialness were found between respondents with nicotine disorder or cannabis disorder and the no-addiction controls. Furthermore, the number of addictions had no clear, observable effects on prosocialness. Significant differences were found between the no-addiction control group and the groups reporting one or more addictions, but not between the separate groups reporting one, two, and three or more addictions.Discussion and conclusionsA better understanding of the social dimension affecting young males with addiction, particularly gambling and gaming addictions, may be useful for their prevention and treatment.
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Pallanti, Stefano, Silvia Bernardi, and Leonardo Quercioli. "The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire and the Internet Addiction Scale in the Assessment of Multiple Addictions in a High-School Population: Prevalence and Related Disability." CNS Spectrums 11, no. 12 (December 2006): 966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900015157.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveTaking into account the importance of act prevention on the development of addictions, we assessed the presence of multiple addictions in an adolescent high-school population, also assessing the prevalence of Internet abuse and the impact on disability.IntroductionAdolescence seems to be a critical period of addiction vulnerability, based on social but also neurobiological factors.The earlier onset of behavioral/substance dependence seems to predict greater addiction severity, morbidity, and multiple addictive disorders.MethodsData were collected from a sample of 275 students in Florence, Italy, high schools through surveys distributed in classes. The sample had an average age of 16.67±1.85 years (52.4% males, 47.6% females). To assess multiple addiction we used the 16 subscales of the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire, to assess Internet addiction prevalence we used the Internet Addiction Scale, and to quantify disability symptoms, we used the Sheehan Disability Scale.ResultsCaffeine abuse, sex, relationship submissive, gambling, food starving, and food bingeing have raised highest scores. 5.4% of the students were found to be Internet addicted similar to other countries. Disability seemed strongly correlated to the subscale of alcohol, gambling, sex, tobacco, food starving and food bingeing, shopping, exercise, and Internet addiction. Gambling, sex, caffeine abuse, compulsive help dominant, work, Internet addiction, relationship dominant, and relationship submissive in this sample were strongly related to substance dependence.ConclusionLevel of concerns unexpected compared to the level reported in other countries for the behavioral compulsions, have been highlighted. Behavioral addictions are multiple, a source of disability, and they are related to substance abuse. It has yet to be clarified if they are a temporary phenomenon occurring in adolescents or if they are a stable trait, accounting as marker for the development of substance abuse.
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Nowogrodzki, Anna. "Can cannabis help ease addiction?" Nature 573, no. 7773 (September 11, 2019): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02684-4.
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Bickel, Warren K., and Richard Yi. "Addiction science as a hedgehog and as a fox." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004779.
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AbstractRedish et al. provide a significant advance in our understanding of addiction by showing that the various addictive processes are in fact all decision-making processes and each may undergird addiction. We propose means for identifying more central addiction processes. This recognition of the complexity of addiction followed by identification of more central processes would help guide the development of prevention and treatment.
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Mateu, César, Marta Rodríguez-Arias, Isis Gil-Miravet, Ana Benito, José M. Tomás, and Gonzalo Haro. "The Association between a MAOB Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism and Cocaine and Opiate Addictions in Polyconsumers." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101265.
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Genetic analysis of the association between alcohol, cocaine, and opiate addiction and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) and serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B and 2C (HTR1B 21 and HTR2C) pathway genes was performed in a sample of 302 polyconsumers. Our genetic association analysis revealed a significant association between a 184 base pair (bp) VNTR polymorphism in the MAOB gene and addiction to cocaine and opiates. This work highlights new genetic marker associations in cocaine and opiate polyconsumer addictions. These data help to clarify and quantify the complex role of genetics in addictive disorders, as well as their future contribution to the prevention (genetic counselling), diagnosis (genetic diagnosis of vulnerability), and treatment (pharmacogenomics) of these disorders.
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Barrows, Paul, and William Van Gordon. "Ontological Addiction Theory and Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Context of Addiction Theory and Treatment." Religions 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080586.
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Buddhist-derived interventions have increasingly been employed in the treatment of a range of physical and psychological disorders, and in recent years, there has been significant growth in the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for this purpose. Ontological Addiction Theory (OAT) is a novel metaphysical approach to understanding psychopathology within the framework of Buddhist teachings and asserts that many mental illnesses have their root in the widespread mistaken belief in an inherently existent self that operates independently of external phenomena. OAT describes how different types of MBI can help undermine these beliefs and allow a person to reconstruct their view of self and reality to address the root causes of suffering. As well as proving effective in treating many other psychological disorders, MBIs based on OAT have demonstrated efficacy in treating conventional behavioural addictions, such as problem gambling, workaholism, and sex addiction. The goal of this paper is to (i) discuss and appraise the evidence base underlying the use of MBIs for treating addiction; (ii) explicate how OAT advances understanding of the mechanisms of addiction; (iii) delineate how different types of MBI can be employed to address addictive behaviours; and (iv) propose future research avenues for assessing and comparing MBIs in the treatment of addiction.
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R Volpicelli, Joseph. "Redefining Addiction: A Modest Proposal." Journal of Addiction & Addictive Disorders 9, no. 3 (September 22, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100103.
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This opinion article highlights two recent articles that argue we need new terminology to address the modern notion that addictive behaviors fall along a continuum. Terms such as preaddiction or unhealthy drinking help highlight the early stages of addiction and reduce the morbidity and mortality of addictive disorders.
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Qiu, Zeguo, and Junjing Wang. "A voxel-wise meta-analysis of task-based functional MRI studies on impaired gain and loss processing in adults with addiction." Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): E128—E146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200047.
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Background: Disturbances in gain and loss processing have been extensively reported in adults with addiction, a brain disorder characterized by obsession with addictive substances or behaviours. Previous studies have provided conflicting results with respect to neural abnormalities in gain processing in addiction, and few investigations into loss processing. Methods: We conducted voxel-wise metaanalyses of abnormal task-evoked regional activities in adults with substance dependence and gambling addiction during the processing of gains and losses not related to their addiction (mainly monetary). We identified 24 studies, including 465 participants with substance dependence, 81 with gambling addiction and 490 healthy controls. Results: Compared with healthy controls, all participants with addictions showed hypoactivations in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and insula and hyperactivations in the default mode network during gain anticipation; hyperactivations in the prefrontal cortex and both hyper- and hypoactivations in the striatum during loss anticipation; and hyperactivations in the occipital lobe during gain outcome. In the substance dependence subgroup, activity in the occipital lobe was increased during gain anticipation but decreased during loss anticipation. Limitations: We were unable to conduct meta-analyses in the gambling addiction subgroup because of a limited data set. We did not investigate the effects of clinical variables because of limited information. Conclusion: The current study identified altered brain activity associated with higher- and lower-level function during gain and loss processing for non-addiction (mainly monetary) stimuli in adults with substance dependence and gambling addiction. Adults with addiction were more sensitive to anticipatory gains than losses at higher- and lower-level brain areas. These results may help us to better understand the pathology of gain and loss processing in addiction.
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Pearce, Lynne. "Help veterans battle their addiction demons." Nursing Standard 30, no. 43 (June 22, 2016): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.43.24.s28.
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Barnett, Lester W. "Self-Help in Recovery From Addiction." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 11 (November 1992): 1215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031633.
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Marron, Donncha. "Stop Smoking the Easyway: Addiction, Self-Help, and Tobacco Cessation." Contemporary Drug Problems 46, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450919843344.
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This article examines Easyway, a popular clinical and self-help method for the treatment of smoking addiction established by the late Allen Carr in 1984. It begins by addressing how smoking has come to be constituted as a neuropharmacological addiction and some of the issues and concerns raised against this in the social sciences. After situating its theoretical and empirical focus, the article then proceeds with an interpretative thematic analysis of a selection of Easyway self-help texts. The aims here are as follows: firstly, to show how Easyway, as a discourse, constitutes the problem of nicotine addiction in novel and distinctive ways; secondly, to elaborate how the Easyway texts seek to govern readers—paradoxically, through their free capacity for reflection, introspection, and action—to overcome their situated addiction to smoking; and thirdly, to identify and locate the significance of the author’s implicit claims to charisma in underpinning his authority to know and treat nicotine addiction.
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Chambers, R. Andrew. "Impulsivity, dual diagnosis, and the structure of motivated behavior in addiction." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004792.
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AbstractDefining brain mechanisms that control and adapt motivated behavior will not only advance addiction treatment. It will help society see that addiction is a disease that erodes free will, rather than representing a free will that asks for or deserves consequences of drug-use choices. This science has important implications for understanding addiction's comorbidity in mental illness and reducing associated public health and criminal justice burdens.
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Frances, Richard. "Help Wanted: Medical Educators in Addiction Psychiatry." Academic Psychiatry 42, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40596-018-0888-4.
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Luik, John C. "?I can't help myself?: addiction as ideology." Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 11, S1 (February 1996): S21—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1077(199602)11:1+
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Barada, S. "How to overcome sugar addiction?" Journal of AMD 23, no. 3 (November 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.36171/jamd20.23.3.10.
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Sugar consumption activates the mesocorticolimbic system in a very similar way to substance abuse. But if all addictions initially start with a feeling of pleasure, as in the case of highly palatable foods and sugar rich diets, then why should I abandon something that makes me feel good? And then why does one continue to abuse food despite the negative consequences. There are various ways to deal with the different addictions. However, the problem with sugar addiction, or even more generally with food addiction, is that there is no awareness that the relationship with food can represent an addiction in some cases, and the tools are lacking to identify the most suitable professional figures to help manage the situation when needed. Therefore, the approach to the problem must be multidisciplinary. A methodology based on three fundamental elements is proposed: 1. Training the patient with regard to her/his addiction, providing objective and scientific information, 2. Providing the patient with the right tools, i.e. ‘know-how’, 3. Preventing relapses. Our patients’ stories report how they have learned to manage their emotional needs without escaping, to observe their thoughts by recognising their distortions, to identify what triggers their spasmodic desire for food and understand their behaviour in depth, and to connect better with themselves and others, also sharing the painful emotions along the way! KEY WORDS sugar addiction; food addiction; awareness; addiction treatment; multidisciplinary team.
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Qiu, Zeguo, and Junjing Wang. "Altered neural activities during response inhibition in adults with addiction: a voxel-wise meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 51, no. 3 (February 2021): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721000362.
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AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature has extensively investigated the brain activity during response inhibition in adults with addiction. Inconsistent results including both hyper- and hypo-activities in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and the ventral attention network (VAN) have been found in adults with addictions, compared with healthy controls (HCs).MethodsVoxel-wise meta-analyses of abnormal task-evoked regional activity were conducted for adults with substance dependence (SD) and behavioral addiction during response inhibition tasks to solve previous inconsistencies. Twenty-three functional magnetic resonance imaging studies including 479 substance users, 38 individuals with behavioral addiction and 494 HCs were identified.ResultsCompared with HCs, all addictions showed hypo-activities in regions within FPN (inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus) and VAN (inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, temporal pole and insula), and hyper-activities in the cerebellum during response inhibition. SD subgroup showed almost the same activity patterns, with an additional hypoactivation of the precentral gyrus, compared with HCs. Stronger activation of the cerebellum was associated with longer addiction duration for adults with SD. We could not conduct meta-analytic investigations into the behavioral addiction subgroup due to the small number of datasets.ConclusionThis meta-analysis revealed altered activation of FPN, VAN and the cerebellum in adults with addiction during response inhibition tasks using non-addiction-related stimuli. Although FPN and VAN showed lower activity, the cerebellum exhibited stronger activity. These results may help to understand the neural pathology of response inhibition in addiction.
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Humayya, Atin, Heni Dwi Windarwati, and Indah Winarni. "Behavior Therapy in Those Who Are Addicted to Online Games." Journal of Nursing Science Update (JNSU) 10, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2022.010.01.10.
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Adolescents addicted to online games harm their physical, psychological, and social health and require therapy. Providing therapy such as behavior therapy can help reduce online game addiction. This research aims to review articles that discuss the addictive behavior of online games and the therapy used. The method used in this study is a literature review by identifying articles from a systematic review identifying articles from four data based on ScienceDirect and PubMed in 2020. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria set, using the keywords behavior therapy, adolescents, and online game addiction from 2017-to 2020. We discovered 15 publications that satisfied the inclusion criteria and deserved to be considered in our examination of data-based articles. Adolescents who experience online game addiction discussed they vary in the causes, symptoms, effects, and psychotherapy given. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Social Skill Training (SST), and Mindfulness are all types of behavior therapy that can help kids addicted to online games. Psychotherapy can help teens addicted to internet games.
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Moriarty, Helen, Maria Stubbe, Sarah Bradford, Sophie Tapper, and Bee Teng Lim. "Exploring resilience in families living with addiction." Journal of Primary Health Care 3, no. 3 (2011): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc11210.
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INTRODUCTION: Information about the impact of addiction on New Zealand (NZ) families is scarce. A good understanding of the nature and extent of family problems is essential to help families become more resilient and minimise the consequences. This study aimed to explore experiences of NZ families living with addiction, identify impacts on non-addicted family members, their coping strategies and barriers to help seeking. METHODS: Literature and key stakeholder interviews informed the development of an interview schedule for 29 family participants recruited through health and social services. Interviews were recorded for analysis of central themes and critical elements that underpin those. Key stakeholders and informal informants were again consulted to discuss findings and interpretation. FINDINGS: Addiction has widespread effects on NZ families. The coping strategies described by the participants in this project lacked the positive connotations of resilience, namely positive adaptation under significant adversity. CONCLUSION: Family impacts of addiction are complex, and similar family problems arise regardless of the substance(s) involved. This small exploratory study indicates that the implications for NZ families deserve further investigation. Future research is also required to further characterise the impact of behavioural addictions on families, addiction in particular ethnic groupings and the implications of the findings for clinical practice, other social and health services, and for public health and social policy. KEYWORDS: Qualitative research; addiction; family resilience
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Youngman, Jason, and Duncan Simpson. "Risk for Exercise Addiction: A Comparison of Triathletes Training for Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and Ironman-Distance Triathlons." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 8, no. 1 (March 2014): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0010.
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Researchers have noted that when taken to an excessive level, exercise may become addictive. This study investigated the risk of exercise addiction for triathletes using the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI; Terry, Szabo, & Griffths, 2004). The sample consisted of 1,285 male and female triathletes, ranging in age from 18–70 years old. Results indicated that approximately 20% of triathletes are at risk for exercise addiction, and that training for longer distance races (i.e., Olympic, Half-Ironman, and Ironman) puts triathletes at greater risk for exercise addiction than training for shorter races (i.e., Sprint). No significant association was found between the risk for exercise addiction and the number of years of participating. However, as the number of weekly training hours increased, so did a triathlete’s risk for exercise addiction. At-risk triathletes need greater clinical attention, and further research should be conducted to help clinicians develop awareness and appropriate interventions.
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Kenyhercz, Viktória, Gabriella Frikker, Zsuzsa Kaló, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Bernadette Kun. "Dysfunctional Family Mechanisms, Internalized Parental Values, and Work Addiction: A Qualitative Study." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169940.
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(1) Background: Work addiction is a syndrome characterized by excessive and compulsive work disturbing one’s health and personal and social life. Several quantitative studies investigated the correlates of work addiction, but the personal experiences of workaholics remained hidden. Our qualitative research explores the perceived parental style and childhood family climate of individuals affected by work addiction. (2) Method: Based on our previous research, we invited 29 individuals (48,3% females) at risk for work addiction based on a work addiction scale. Semi-structured interviews have addressed topics of working habits, work addiction, social relationships, and their early family experiences. The texts were analyzed by qualitative thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive methods. (3) Results: The interviewees were affected by dysfunctional family mechanisms, i.e., lack of sense of security at home and addictions in the family. The participants reported that internalized parental values (transferred values and work attitudes, high expectations, and compulsion to conform) contributed to their later compulsive overwork. (4) Conclusions: Qualitative research can help to emphasize the individuals’ own experiences about the development of their work addiction. Dysfunctional family mechanisms and parental values might be significant risk factors for the work addiction of an offspring.
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Tavares, Hermano, Monica L. Zilberman, and Nady el-Guebaly. "Are There Cognitive and Behavioural Approaches Specific to the Treatment of Pathological Gambling?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (February 2003): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800105.
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Objective: Treatment approaches for pathological gambling have been modelled after preexisting substance addiction models. This paper reviews cognitive-behavioural models in a search for original insights that are specific to gambling treatment. Method: A computerized search of major health care databases (Medline and PsycINFO) was performed. Results: New cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of pathological gambling provide 3 original additions to the traditional multimodal treatment of addictions: cognitive restructuring, in vivo exposure, and imaginal desensitization. Other cognitive-behavioural techniques, such as relapse prevention, problem solving, and social skill training, are shared by gambling treatment and addictions treatment. Conclusions: When treating pathological gamblers, clinicians must consider introducing techniques to address cognitive distortions related to gambling. Also, cue exposure—whether in vivo or imaginal—may help deal with urges prompted by such cues. The blending of these new techniques into a multimodal addiction treatment potentially balances the rational and external orientation of the cognitive-behavioural approach with interpersonal and introspective components of the traditional addiction treatment.
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Savolainen, Iina, Atte Oksanen, Markus Kaakinen, Anu Sirola, and Hye-Jin Paek. "The Role of Perceived Loneliness in Youth Addictive Behaviors: Cross-National Survey Study." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): e14035. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14035.
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Background In the ever-growing and technologically advancing world, an increasing amount of social interaction takes place through the Web. With this change, loneliness is becoming an unprecedented societal issue, making youth more susceptible to various physical and mental health problems. This societal change also influences the dynamics of addiction. Objective Employing the cognitive discrepancy loneliness model, this study aimed to provide a social psychological perspective on youth addictions. Methods A comprehensive survey was used to collect data from American (N=1212; mean 20.05, SD 3.19; 608/1212, 50.17% women), South Korean (N=1192; mean 20.61, SD 3.24; 601/1192, 50.42% women), and Finnish (N=1200; mean 21.29, SD 2.85; 600/1200, 50.00% women) youths aged 15 to 25 years. Perceived loneliness was assessed with the 3-item Loneliness Scale. A total of 3 addictive behaviors were measured, including excessive alcohol use, compulsive internet use, and problem gambling. A total of 2 separate models using linear regression analyses were estimated for each country to examine the association between perceived loneliness and addiction. Results Loneliness was significantly related to only compulsive internet use among the youth in all 3 countries (P<.001 in the United States, South Korea, and Finland). In the South Korean sample, the association remained significant with excessive alcohol use (P<.001) and problem gambling (P<.001), even after controlling for potentially confounding psychological variables. Conclusions The findings reveal existing differences between youths who spend excessive amounts of time online and those who engage in other types of addictive behaviors. Experiencing loneliness is consistently linked to compulsive internet use across countries, although different underlying factors may explain other forms of addiction. These findings provide a deeper understanding in the mechanisms of youth addiction and can help improve prevention and intervention work, especially in terms of compulsive internet use.
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Tiili, Emmi, and Ari Hirvonen. "Can Genetics Help in Treatment of Smoking Addiction?" Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 31, 2013): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18756921113119990003.
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Volkow, Nora D., and Roy A. Wise. "How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?" Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (April 26, 2005): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1452.
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Restifo, Nicholas P. "Can Antitumor Immunity Help to Explain “Oncogene Addiction”?" Cancer Cell 18, no. 5 (November 2010): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.002.
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Kelly, John F., and William L. White. "Broadening the Base of Addiction Mutual-Help Organizations." Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery 7, no. 2-4 (April 2012): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1556035x.2012.705646.
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Ogborne, Alan C. "Addiction mutual-help movements in a comparative perspective." Contemporary Drug Problems 23, no. 1 (March 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099602300103.
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Wiss, David, and Timothy Brewerton. "Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12102937.
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Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction “diagnosis” among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or “the signal”) from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or “restraint”) that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or “the noise”). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.
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Jason, Roop, Ph D. "Addiction and leadership: How authentic and transformative leaders are emerging from the adversity of substance use disorder." Journal of Addiction Therapy and Research 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jatr.1001022.
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Objectives: This novel study explores the leadership traits held by people with substance use disorder. The purpose of this study is to help advance understanding of the positive qualities people with substance use disorder possess which can produce positive societal and organizational benefits once that person enters recovery. Additionally, this understanding can provide insight into effective treatment approaches that incorporate personal attributes that are present within active addiction. Methods: A qualitative methodology was used which included semi-structured interviews, observations, and a focus group which allowed the researcher to conduct a thematic coding analysis. The participants came from diverse backgrounds and included participants from multiple regions across the United States. Leadership was defined as having various dimensions of effective leadership that are found in both Transformational and Authentic Leadership Theories. Results: The findings revealed that people in addiction possess numerous leadership traits which position them for effective leadership and are further enhanced during their recovery journey. The top three traits which emerged from the data indicate that people in recovery from addiction are authentic, tenacious, and empathetic. Additionally, those in recovery have strong abilities to empower and inspire others and demonstrate posttraumatic growth which helps establish significant bonds of trust and commitment among followers. Conclusion: The impact of this study will change how people view addiction. Identifying the hidden treasures of leadership which are present in those struggling with addiction could illuminate recovery pathways that help identify purpose and value. This would not only advance treatment opportunities but greatly assist organizations that need strong leadership. People with substance use disorder have all the right tools to become effective leaders, and this understanding can help mitigate the stigma associated with addiction and paint it in a more positive light.
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Citton, Yves. "3 Practicing Study as Self-Alienation and Counter-Addiction (Studium, Black Study, Études)." Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/ptihe032021.0003.
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Abstract In this article, the practice of study is approached through three different angles: (1) the retreat from an addictive integration in the flows of instantaneous communication (studium); (2) the sharing of our incompleteness through egalitarian conversations (black study); and (3) the self-alienating elaboration of collective counter-addictive inquiries within academic contexts (études). Together, these three gestures offer both a supplement and an alternative to the traditional (education-based) mode of teaching, as well as to the (hard) sciences model of research. To complement the widespread ideals of emancipation through the transmission of knowledge, and of critique through the competition between contradictory arguments, this article invites us to locate the main benefits of studying (studium / black study / études) in two supplementary processes. The process of counter-addiction is needed in a world where the dynamics of capital destruct our common environments by fostering ecocidal and egocidal addictions. The process of self-alienation welcomes experiences of becoming-other in order to help us distance ourselves from the illusions and traps of sovereign selfhood.
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Shyu, Claire, Sofia Chavez, Isabelle Boileau, and Bernard Le Foll. "Quantifying GABA in Addiction: A Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies." Brain Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070918.
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling plays a crucial role in drug reward and the development of addiction. Historically, GABA neurochemistry in humans has been difficult to study due to methodological limitations. In recent years, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS, MRS) has emerged as a non-invasive imaging technique that can detect and quantify human brain metabolites in vivo. Novel sequencing and spectral editing methods have since been developed to allow for quantification of GABA. This review outlines the clinical research utilization of 1H-MRS in understanding GABA neurochemistry in addiction and summarizes current literature that reports GABA measurements by MRS in addiction. Research on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and cannabis addiction all suggest medications that modulate GABA signaling may be effective in reducing withdrawal, craving, and other addictive behaviors. Thus, we discuss how improvements in current MRS techniques and design can optimize GABA quantification in future studies and explore how monitoring changes to brain GABA could help identify risk factors, improve treatment efficacy, further characterize the nature of addiction, and provide crucial insights for future pharmacological development.
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Burns, Victoria F., Christine A. Walsh, and Jacqueline Smith. "A Qualitative Exploration of Addiction Disclosure and Stigma among Faculty Members in a Canadian University Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147274.
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Addiction is one of the most stigmatized public health issues, which serves to silence individuals who need help. Despite emerging global interest in workplace mental health and addiction, scholarship examining addiction among university faculty members (FMs) is lacking, particularly in a Canadian context. Using a Communication Privacy Management (CPM) framework and semi-structured interviews with key informants (deans and campus mental health professionals), this qualitative study aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the experience of key informants who encounter FM addiction? (2) How may addiction stigma affect FM disclosure and help-seeking? and (3) What may help reduce addiction stigma for FMs? Thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes: (1) Disclosure was rare, and most often involved alcohol; (2) Addiction stigma and non-disclosure were reported to be affected by university alcohol and productivity cultures, faculty type, and gender; (3) Reducing addiction stigma may involve peer support, vulnerable leadership (e.g., openly sharing addiction-recovery stories), and non-discriminatory protective policies. This study offers novel insights into how addiction stigma may operate for FMs in relation to university-specific norms (e.g., drinking and productivity culture), and outlines some recommendations for creating more recovery-friendly campuses.
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Musalek, M. "Ressource-Oriented Treatment of Addiction - the Orpheus Programme." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73720-8.
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Major problems in treating patients suffering from addictions derive from the fact that the diagnostic category dependence syndrome covers a highly inhomogeneous patient group. Therefore uniform therapeutic approaches inflexibly following treatment guidelines have not fulfilled prognostic expectations. This was the starting point for developing a new modular resource-oriented treatment program in the Anton Proksch Institute Vienna.Changing paradigms in the treatment of addiction, the Orpheus Programme offers a host of different modules designed to help patients to discover their own aims, objectives, values, and resources. The main task of the Orpheus modules is an increasing autonomous and joyful life. Abstinence represents no longer the only final goal of therapy, but is an important step to offer space and possibilities for the patients’ new life. When life becomes once again beautiful and filled with joy and meaning, addictive substances lose their seductive power: The more beautiful and attractive the patient's life, the less the drugs attractiveness. As illustrated by Orpheus, who defeated the sirens (as a symbol for addictive agents) by making the better, louder, and more attractive music, it becomes the patients’ main task to make a better “music of life”; the Orpheus modules are not training programs telling the patients how the better life looks like (as in former moral therapy); they intend to provide places, spaces and atmospheres encouraging and promoting the patients to make possible the possible.
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Kun, Bernadette, Róbert Urbán, Beáta Bőthe, Mark D. Griffiths, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Gyöngyi Kökönyei. "Maladaptive Rumination Mediates the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Perfectionism, and Work Addiction: A Largescale Survey Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197332.
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Background: Empirical evidence suggests that low self-esteem and high perfectionism are significant personality correlates of work addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are still unclear. Consequently, exploring cognitive mechanisms will help to better understand work addiction. For instance, rumination is one of the under-researched topics in work addiction, although it may explain specific thinking processes of work-addicted individuals. The purpose of the study was to test the mediating role of maladaptive rumination (i.e., brooding) in the relationship between personality and addiction. Methods: In a largescale cross-sectional, unrepresentative, online study, 4340 adults with a current job participated. The following psychometric instruments were used: Work Addiction Risk Test Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Ruminative Response Scale. Results: It was found that self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem had both direct and indirect relationships with work addiction via the mediating effect of maladaptive rumination. The two paths involving brooding explained 44% of the direct relationship. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that brooding type of rumination as a putatively maladaptive strategy explains why individuals characterized by low self-esteem and high perfectionism may have a higher risk of work addiction. The results suggest that cognitive-affective mechanisms in work addiction are similar to those found in other addictive disorders.
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He, Heping, Yanni Liu, and Zhimin Zhou. "How does Weibo keep users hooked? A Weibo addictive behavior study based on netnography." Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcmars-01-2019-0013.
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Purpose With the rapid development of social media in the past few years, some dark aspects of usage have appeared, e.g., Weibo addiction. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address the question of how Weibo keeps users hooked. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes the netnography method to explore the symptoms of Weibo addiction and how it is formed. Findings First, some Weibo users have typical symptoms of addictive behavior, such as withdrawal, loss of control and general living problems; second, narcissism plays an important role in the process of Weibo addiction and has a stronger effect on content generation than content consumption; third, some users use Weibo as a means to alleviate anxiety, but they can then become more anxious owing to addiction; and fourth, the effect of comments has two sides – on the one hand, comments are one kind of feedback to posts, satisfying posters’ social needs, while on the other hand, a storytelling system consists of one post and its comments, upon which some Weibo users become more dependent. Research limitations/implications This research is only a preliminary, exploratory study. Therefore, care should be taken when interpreting these findings. Practical implications This study should help social media service providers and users to pay attention to the risk of social media addiction. Social media service providers should take social responsibility, design more user-oriented guidelines for marketing ethics and launch more responsible marketing activities. Users should enhance self-control and better balance social media use and offline real life. Originality/value Netnography has not been widely used as an addictive behavior research technique. This study is further bolstered because it has also noticed the difference of addiction mechanisms between addictive micro-bloggers and their followers.
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Baldacchino, Alex, and G. Hussein Rassool. "The Self-Help Movement in the Addiction Field—Revisited." Journal of Addictions Nursing 17, no. 1 (2006): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10884600500505836.
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Galanter, Marc. "Self-Help Treatment for Combined Addiction and Mental Illness." FOCUS 1, no. 2 (April 2003): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.1.2.179.
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Des Jarlais, Don C. "Self-help and science in the treatment of addiction." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 11, no. 2 (March 1994): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-5472(94)90025-6.
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Elhabashy, Maryam, Lilianna Phan, Kristen R. Hamilton-Moseley, Aaron Broun, Danielle A. Duarte, Aniruddh Ajith, Bambi Jewett, Erin L. Mead-Morse, Kelvin Choi, and Julia Chen-Sankey. "Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Cigar Craving and Addiction among Young Adult Black Cigar Smokers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 6680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116680.
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Black young adults have the highest prevalence of cigar smoking in the U.S. Little is known about how this population perceives addiction to cigar smoking, which may influence long-term smoking and cessation outcomes. This study used semi-structured in-depth interviews to understand cravings, triggers, and perceived addiction from cigar smoking among a purposive sample of Black young adult cigar smokers (N = 40; 21–29 years). An iterative process was used to develop the codebook, and thematic analysis was used to capture findings based on the products predominantly used: cigarillos, large cigars, or blunts. Results suggest that while participants may share similar types of cravings and triggers (e.g., stress) across the use of these products, predominant blunt smokers reported more unique triggers related to relieving physical discomforts. While most participants reported cigars could be addictive to people in general, only a few perceived that they themselves were addicted. Participants who predominantly smoked cigarillos reported high perceived addiction to cigars, while those who predominantly smoked blunts reported low addiction. Education messages are needed to inform young Black adult cigar smokers about the risks and health symptoms of cigar addiction. These efforts may help increase cigar cessation seeking and reduce cigar addiction-related health consequences and disparities among Black populations.
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Mozgova, T. P., I. V. Leshchyna, and S. V. Fedorchenko. "Modern regularities of formation of internet addictions at young age." Experimental and Clinical Medicine 89, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ekm.2020.89.04.09.
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The situation related to addictive behavior is considered to be quite significant for all countries of the world, Ukraine is no exception. The reason is the key difference between the worldview and thinking stereotypes of recent generations, brought up in different socio-economic conditions, as well as due to the protracted economic, political and social crisis. 76 young men (16-24 years old) were examined. All subjects sought for psychiatric help with complaints of polymorphic symptoms, the most relevant were bad mood, anxiety with panic attacks, body tremor, disturbed sleep, fear, several patients had suicidal thoughts, which were often on the background of gambling and Internet addiction. In all patients there were manifestations of somatic pathology along with mental disturbance. In non-chemical addiction, the implementation of distress is accompanied by a destructive effect and is manifested by a wide range of mental and somatic clinical symptoms. And as a consequence causes disorders in various organs and systems. The data obtained necessitate further clinical studies, and for patients who seek help should be a set of therapeutic and diagnostic measures to improve the mental and physical of their condition. Keywords: distress, non-chemical addiction, somatization, depression.
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Gerhart, Natalie. "Technology Addiction: How Social Network Sites Impact our Lives." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 20 (2017): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3851.
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Aim/Purpose: The media and research have made significant noise about young people’s addictions to technology, however the American Psychological Association (APA) has reserved judgment on the clinical diagnosis of technology addiction. Research to understand technology addiction is important to the future of information systems development and behavioral usage understanding. Background: Addiction implies that there is a problem from which an IS client needs to try to recover, further implying a negative impact on life. Multiple defini-tions and outcomes of addictions have been studied in the information systems discipline, with virtually no focus on quality of life of the IS client. Methodology: This research employs a survey of students at a large southwestern United States university. Measures were adopted from previously validated sources. The final sample includes 413 usable responses analyzed using PLS. Contribution: This research broadens theoretical and practical understanding of SNS IS client perceptions by relating technology addiction to a broader impact on an individual’s life. By doing so, it provides guidance on society’s understanding of frequent technology use, as well as the development of new systems that are highly used. Findings: This research indicates diminished impulse control, distraction, social influence and satisfaction are all highly correlated with technology addiction; specifically, 55% of the variance in addiction is explained by these four indicators. However, the model further shows addiction has no significant relationship with overall satisfaction of life, indicating that IS clients do not correlate the two ideas. Recommendations for Practitioners: Heavy technology use may indicate a paradigm shift in how people inter-act, instead of a concern to be addressed by the APA. Recommendation for Researchers: Research needs to clearly define technology dependence, addiction, and overuse so that there is a strong understanding of what is meant. These findings help guide assumptions about the dark side of Information Technology. Impact on Society: While technology use is increasing, younger generations may find the use to be acceptable and less of a problem then older generations. Future Research: Future research should replicate these findings on other technology artifacts and other technology addiction definitions. In the future, there is also opportunity to delve deeper into the outcome variable of satisfaction with life.
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Starodubtseva, Yu A. "Comprehensive approach to therapy of adaptation disorders associated with computer addiction." Archives of psychiatry 25, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37822/2410-7484.2019.25.3.155-159.
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Background. In modern conditions there is a quick increase in non-chemical addictions, primarily computer addiction. Unfortunately, patients with non-chemical addictions do not fall into the field of view of doctors at the early stages of the development of the disease. They seek specialized help when addiction becomes a chronic process; due to disability, and delinquent behavior, which contributes to a violation of social functioning and quality of life of the patient and his family.
Objective – to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive program for the treatment of adaptation disorders associated with computer addiction, based on the study of clinical, psychopathological and pathopsychological patterns of their formation.
Materials and methods. The study involved 117 patients with signs of computer addiction according to the results of AUDIT-like tests and with adaptation disorders. The main group consisted of 66 patients who took part in the complex therapy program using the methods of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and psycho-education; control group – 51 patients who received standard regulated therapy in a medical institution. We used such study methods: clinical-anamnestic; clinical-psychopathological, using AUDIT-like tests for a comprehensive assessment of addictive status, psychodiagnostic using a hospital scale of anxiety and depression, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, Hamilton depression rating scale, the questionnaire of neuro-psychic tension according to T. A. Niemchyn; statistical.
Results. The clinical picture of computer addiction noted: compulsive surfing in a computer network (45.8±1.6% of the examined), computer games (22.3±1.2%), virtual communication (5.8±0.4%), gambling on-line (14.1±1.1%), passion for porn sites (1.2±0.1%). All examined patients received pharmacotherapy – antidepressants (SSRI) and anxiolytic drugs. and anxiolytic drugs. The psychotherapeutic complex included the use of rational psychotherapy, personality-oriented psychotherapy, existential psychotherapy, art therapy (painting technique). Psycho-educational work included the use of information modules, motivational trainings, the formation of communicative skills, problem-oriented discussions and teaching coping skills. Psychotherapeutic and psycho-educational work was aimed at determining the patient’s resource in overcoming computer addiction and its occurrence. Due to effects of the developed comprehensive program for the treatment of adaptation disorders associated with computer addiction, positive dynamics of the emotional status of patients were achieved, reduction of manifestations of anxiety and depression by HADS, reduction of manifestations of severe depressive and anxious episodes according to the Hamilton scales as well as reduce neuropsychic stress on a scale of T. A. Niemchyn were indicated.
Conclusions. A comprehensive system for the treatment of adaptation disorders associated with computer addiction should include a combination of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and psycho-education. Positive dynamics of the emotional status of patients, the predominance of subclinical manifestations or the absence of anxiety and depression on the HADS scale; mild depressive and anxious episodes or their absence according to the HAM-D and HAM-A scales; reduction of neuropsychic stress on a scale of T. A. Niemchyn as well as stability of the therapeutic effect during a two-year follow-up study indicates the effectiveness of the developed comprehensive therapy program.
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Joseph, Sterin. "Problematic Gaming Among Adolescents Within a Non-Clinical Population: A Scoping Review." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 14665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.14665ecst.
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Gaming is a pastime activity that has been enjoyed by millions of individuals worldwide for the past few years. The adolescent is in a developmental period that involves significant bio-psychosocial changes, including rapid changes in physical and mental states that make them more vulnerable to addiction. Online gaming could have a higher risk of developing problematic gaming. Many studies have documented video gaming addiction. Further research remains needed to synthesize the factors behind problematic video game usage. The purpose of the scoping review is to synthesize the findings related to problematic video by identifying using a search through the following database: JSTOR, ProQuest, APA Psycnet, and Ebsco. The research will help detect the early symptoms of addiction and understand the mechanism behind the addictive nature. Through the study, we can provide psychological care for adolescents by educating them and preventing and being aware of problematic gaming usage and experiences.
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Wray, Tyler B. "Exploring Whether Addictions Counselors Recommend That Their Patients Use Websites, Smartphone Apps, or Other Digital Health Tools to Help Them in Their Recovery: Web-Based Survey." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): e37008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/37008.
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Background Hundreds of smartphone apps or websites claiming to help those with addictions are available, but few have been tested for efficacy in changing clinically relevant addictions outcomes. Although most of these products are designed for self-facilitation by users struggling with addictions, counselors and other addictions treatment providers will likely play a critical role in facilitating adoption by integrating their use into counseling or recommending them to their patients. Yet, few studies have explored the practices of addictions counselors in using or recommending addictions-focused digital health tools in their work. Objective The aim of this study was to understand whether addiction counselors are recommending that their patients use addictions-focused apps to help them in their recovery, and the factors that affect their desire to do so. Methods Licensed addiction counselors practicing in the United States (N=112) were recruited from professional and scientific organizations of alcohol or drug counselors to complete a web-based survey. Results In total, 74% (83/112) of counselors had recommended that their patients use a website or smartphone app to assist them in recovery, and those that had done so reported recommending an app with an average of 54% of their patients. The most commonly recommended app or website was SMARTRecovery.org (9%), I am Sober (8%), In the Rooms (7%), Insight Timer (4%), Calm (4%), Sober Tool (4%), Recovery Box (3%), and Sober Grid (3%). The most important reason that counselors recommended the websites or apps was that colleagues or patients told them they found it helpful (55%), followed by their workplaces recommending it (20%) and professional organizations recommending it (10%). Counselors’ intentions to recommend a hypothetical app were strongest for apps that had been tested in rigorous, scientific studies that showed they helped users stay sober or reduce their substance use; 94% (105/112) reported that they would “definitely” or “probably” use such an app. Conclusions Most addictions counselors surveyed are already recommending that their patients use apps or websites to help them in their recovery, despite the paucity of available products that have evidence supporting their efficacy for addictions outcomes. One way that product developers could increase adoption among addictions treatment providers is to make efficacy testing a priority and to disseminate results through professional organizations and clinics.
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MacCoun, Robert J. "Bridging the gap between science and drug policy: From “what” and “how” to “whom” and “when”." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004901.
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AbstractFor all its problems, the microeconomic “rational addiction” theory had the appeal of making clear predictions about the effects of various drug policies. The emerging picture of the “what” and “how” of addiction is far more complex. Addiction scientists might help bridge the science–policy gap by devoting more attention to the “whom” and “when” of addiction.
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Moroianu, Lavinia-Alexandra, Marius Moroianu, and Anamaria Ciubara. "FROM MARIJUANA TO INTERNET AND VIDEO GAMING ADICTION- A CASE REPO." Archiv Euromedica 10, no. 5 (October 17, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885x/2021/11/5.15.
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Marijuana is the most widely used psychoactive substance after coffee and it is used for both medical and recreational purposes. It has been known since ancient times and it seems to have been part of the mixture that was put in the pipe of “peace” by Native Americans. Marijuana is psychically addictive, but in its case, there is no physical addiction as in the case of high-risk drugs (heroin) and over 70% of consumers do not recognize marijuana addiction. This substance can induce an acute psychotic episode and the onset of schizophrenia. Usually, the patient’s family is the one who asks for help in their case. We chose to present the clinical case of a patient, initially, marijuana addicted, who, after stopping it, developed an internet gaming disorder addiction. The digital environment is constantly evolving, growing exponentially at a considerable rate and online networks mean creating connections between people, minds and memories, regardless of their location in space and time. Many of us have different passions but there are also people who take these passions to the extreme as is the case with our patient who has developed an addiction to video games. Thus, we can conclude that one addiction can be replaced by another one in a very short time.
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Valdez, Danny, and Megan S. Patterson. "Computational analyses identify addiction help-seeking behaviors on the social networking website Reddit: Insights into online social interactions and addiction support communities." PLOS Digital Health 1, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0000143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000143.
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Introduction Although social connection to others with lived addiction experiences is a strong predictor of long-term recovery from substance use disorders (SUD), the COVID-19 pandemic greatly altered global abilities to physically connect with other people. Evidence suggests online forums for people with SUD may serve as a sufficient proxy for social connection, however efficacy of online spaces as addiction treatment adjuncts remains empirically understudied. Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze a collection of Reddit posts germane to addiction and recovery collected between March-August 2022. Methods We collected (n = 9,066) Reddit posts (1) r/addiction; (2) r/DecidingToBeBetter, (3) r/SelfImprovement, (4) r/OpitatesRecovery, (5) r/StopSpeeding, (6) r/RedditorsInRecovery, and (7) r/StopSmoking subreddits. We applied several classes of natural language processing (NLP) methods to analyze and visualize our data including term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) calculations, k-means clustering, and principal components analysis (PCA). We also applied a Valence Aware Dictional and sEntiment [sic] Reasoner (VADER) sentiment analysis to determine affect in our data. Results Our analyses revealed three distinct clusters: (1) Personal addiction struggle, or sharing one’s recovery journey (n = 2,520), (2) Giving advice, or offering counseling based on first-hand experiences (n = 3,885), and (3) Seeking advice, or asking for support or advice related to addiction (n = 2,661). Discussion & conclusion Addiction, SUD, and recovery dialogue on Reddit is exceedingly robust. Much of the content mirrors tenets for established addiction-recovery programs, which suggests Reddit, and other social networking websites, may serve as efficient tools to promote social connection among people with SUD.
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Weiner, Sydell. "The addiction of overeating: Self-help groups as treatment models." Journal of Clinical Psychology 54, no. 2 (February 1998): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199802)54:2<163::aid-jclp5>3.0.co;2-t.
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Smuk, Oksana. "THE PHENOMENON OF INTERNET ADDICTION AS THE MAIN DETERMINANT OF PATHOLOGICAL CULTURE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ENVIRONMENT." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.381-383.
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The purpose of the article: to find out the consequences of globalization processes that provoked a cultural crisis with the help of Internet networks, distorting the worldview and value orientations of the population . Applied research methods: the method of abstraction is used. Abstraction exists in organic unity with the method of generalization, theoretical-problem method and system-structural analysis. Such behavioural manifestations as neglect of established norms, isolation, anxiety, depressive states, deviant and addictive behaviour are characteristic of a marginal personality. These social factors provoke intra-personal conflicts and deep anxiety caused by the feeling of helplessness in the face of the hostile surrounding world. Besides, these crises encompass «the problem of the absurdity of one’s life, as well as doubts about the entire previous value system». Nowadays, there is a rapid development of addictive behaviour around the world, as evidenced by the constant increase in national and international research on this phenomenon. There emerge new types of addictive behaviour caused by the complexity of the social environment (the emergence of consumer culture and the technical development of communication links), namely, informatization and consumerism. New types of addictive behaviour are beginning to compete with new types, such as gaming and computer addiction. Researchers around the world are sounding the alarm about the deepening problem of Internet addiction among young people since the main danger is that a pathological addiction to the Internet can lead to serious consequences and depression. Concerning new types of addictive behaviour, traditional forms and means of social control have become helpless and ineffective.