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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Addictive Behavior'
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1
Eller, Chase. "Can Problematic Cellphone Usage Be Considered Addictive Behavior?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1801.
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This paper aims to explore and discuss the points found in published research articles addressing cellphone usage and addiction. The articles vary in their emphasis, methods, and conclusions, but all focus in one way or another on how the advent of cellphone usage has caused addiction in many cellphone and smartphone users. Many of these studies involve looking at college students and teenagers to see how addiction and cellphone usage has affected younger generations. The articles at hand include studies from many different parts of the world. Some of the studies focus on which smartphone activities are the most addictive, while some of the articles focus on addiction as a whole and its impact on the users. Many of the works done on this subject focus on how addiction to these devices compares to a traditional substance abuse. While cellphones and smartphones have had many positive impacts, these improvements do not come without psychosocial hazards and addiction potential. Society places a premium on the ability to better communicate and utilize cellphone technology, but do they truly know what costs these benefits come with?
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Mayor, S. Luis Iván. "The change in addictive behaviors." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100295.
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Mental health professionals could be interested in finding how inappropriate behavior could be modified, especially when there are people that changes without treatment. This article explains how people change with a transteorical model of stages and processes. Psychological research shows that there are five stages in behavior modification: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Besides, subjects have common processes in every stage.Concita el interés de los profesionales de la salud mental el descubrir cómo se modifican los comportamientos desadaptativos, más aún existiendo gente que cambia sin tratamiento. Este artículo explica, a partir de un modelo transteórico de etapas y procesos, cómo cambia la gente. Las investigaciones, cada vez más, corroboran que en la modificación de los comportamientos existen 5 etapas: precontemplación, contemplación, preparación, acción y mantenimiento. Además los sujetos siguen procesos comunes en cada una de estas etapas.
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Werme, Martin. "On natural and drug-induced reward : genetic, biochemical and behavioral comparisons /." Stockholm : [Karolinska Univ. Press], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-027-X/.
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Stapleton, Jerod L., Joel J. Hillhouse, Rob Turrisi, Katie Baker, Sharon L. Manne, and Elliot J. Coups. "The Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener (BAITS): An Evaluation of a Brief Measure of Behavioral Addictive Symptoms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/57.
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Mobilia, Pamela. "An economic analysis of addictive behavior the case of gambling /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium access full-text, 1990. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9108150.
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Lindholm, Sara. "Neurochemical and behavioral studies on ethanaol and brain opioid interactions /." Stockholm : [Karolinska Univ. Press], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-026-1/.
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Lawrence, Andrew John. "Varieties of impulsivity in addictive and compulsive syndromes : a neurocognitive approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609191.
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Yu, Shu. "Internet gaming disorder :its assessment and interplay with need satisfaction, maladaptive cognitions, and cognitive-behavioral skills." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953562.
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Hurst, Kenneth J. "Feeding on ashes a biblical model for counseling addictive behaviors /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Sanders, Jeffrey. "A descriptive study of the relationship between attitudinal change toward addiction and addictive behavior among substance abusers entering an inpatient treatment program." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2103.
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The overall objective of this study was to expound on the relationship between attitudinal change toward addiction and addictive behavior among substance abusers entering an inpatient treatment programs. To achieve this objective the following determinants were addressed by the author: 1) Effects of Substance Abuse, (2) Attitudinal/Behavioral Change and (3) Inpatient Treatment Program. The study involved thirty adults, males and females, ranging between the ages of 18 to 57. The participants entered an inpatient treatment program at a local treatment facility in Atlanta, Georgia.
This study was an attempt to look at the change of attitude and change of behavior among substance abusers entering an inpatient treatment program. The results indicated there was a change in attitude, but did not indicate if there was a change in behavior. In observing the participants in the study there was a decrease in addictive behavior. This may have occurred because the client went through four weeks of educational classes about addiction and its consequences during the course of this study.
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Rowland, Jared A. "The Effect of Frontal Lobe Stress on Gambling Task Performance: Implications for Understanding Addictive Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39177.
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Substance-abusing individuals have been shown to perform poorer on decision-making tasks than non-substance abusing individuals (e.g. Bechara et al., 2001; Grant, Contoreggi, & London, 2000; Sanfey, Loewenstein, McClure, & Cohen, 2006). Research suggests that this difference in performance is likely due to cognitive deficits resulting from impaired functioning of the frontal lobes. Previous research suggests that two important cognitive processes regarding decision making are reversal learning (e.g. Fellows and Farah, 2005) and working memory (e.g. Hinson, Jameson, and Whitney, 2002; Jameson, Hinson, and Whitney, 2004). The purpose of the current research project was to better understand how these processes affect performance on a decision making task and to determine if a previously administered executive stressor can impact current decision making performance. One hundred thirty six individuals categorized as having either high or low working memory functioning were randomly assigned to complete one of three modified Stroop tasks (Stressor, Priming, and Control). Following completion of the modified Stroop task participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task, which is a task requiring appropriate decision making skills to complete successfully.
Statistical analyses examining the quantity and frequency of cards drawn from each deck during the IGT suggested that there was no difference in performance between individuals receiving different modified Stroop tasks or high or low working memory functioning. Analyses examining the monetary outcome of performance on the IGT suggest that there may have been no differential effect between the Stressor and Priming groups, but that these active groups may
have performed differently than the Control group. Within the Low working memory block, participants in these active groups may have performed worse than Control group participants, but within the High working memory block participants in these active groups may have performed better than Control group participants. These findings are discussed with regards to previous similar investigations as well as within the broader literature of decision making. Limitations of the current study as well as implications for future investigations are also discussed.Ph. D.
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Willoughby, Jason. "Pastoring in an addictive age changing how we do ministry when everybody's sick /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p002-0833.
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Jerlhag, Elisabet. "The cholinergic-dopaminergic reward link and addictive behaviours : special emphasis on ethanol and ghrelin /." Göteborg : Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4421.
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Jeri-Yabar, Antoine, Alejandra Sanchez-Carbonel, Karen Tito, Jimena Ramirez-delCastillo, Alessandra Torres-Alcantara, Daniela Denegri, and Nilton Yhuri Carreazo. "Association between social media use (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook) and depressive symptoms: Are Twitter users at higher risk?" SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625046.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between social media dependence and depressive symptoms and also, to characterize the level of dependence. It was a transversal, analytical research. Subjects and Methods: The stratified sample was 212 students from a private university that used Facebook, Instagram and/or Twitter. To measure depressive symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory was used, and to measure the dependence to social media, the Social Media Addiction Test was used, adapted from the Internet Addiction Test of Echeburúa. The collected data were subjected for analysis by descriptive statistics where STATA12 was used. Results: The results show that there is an association between social media dependence and depressive symptoms (PR [Prevalence Ratio] = 2.87, CI [Confidence Interval] 2.03–4.07). It was also shown that preferring the use of Twitter (PR = 1.84, CI 1.21–2.82) over Instagram (PR = 1.61, CI 1.13–2.28) is associated with depressive symptoms when compared to the use of Facebook. Conclusion: Excessive social media use is associated with depressive symptoms in university students, being more prominent in those who prefer the use of Twitter over Facebook and Instagram.
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Stein, Sharon Anne. "Stopping compulsive gambling ego development, social support, and self-awareness as predictors of recovery from addictive behavior /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium access full-text, 1991. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9132385.
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Ursprung, W. W. Sanouri A. "Developing Three New Pathophysiologically Based Measures of Nicotine Dependence: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/714.
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BACKGROUND: Of the 22 known measures of nicotine dependence (ND), none capture the overall disease severity of physical dependence alone. Instead, they capture constructs related to dependence, such as perceived risk, psychological addiction, smoker motivations, or smoking related behaviors, but none of the measures include only physical withdrawal symptoms to capture physical dependence on nicotine.
AIM: To develop a range of nicotine dependence measures that capture physical dependence on nicotine.
METHODS: The final measures were developed in a cross-sectional study conducted in three phases: 1) candidate item development through literature review and cognitive interviews, 2) developing and pre-testing the survey, and 3) survey administration and psychometric evaluation to validate three distinct measures. The final survey was conducted at four health clinics and three high schools. Psychometric tests used to select the final measure items included inter-item correlations, sensitivity analyses done by subgroup, item-total correlations, convergent validity tests, and confirmatory factor analysis. The final measures were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal reliability, total score distributions, and convergent validity correlations. Relative validity analyses were also conducted using a ratio of F-Statistics to compare the ability of each new measure to differentiate dependent smokers as compared previous measures.
RESULTS: The final sample included 275 smokers ranging from 14 to 76 years old (mean=30.9, SD=16.2), who smoked an average of 11.5 cigarettes per day (range=0-50, SD=9.4). The sample was 86.5% white and 57.5% male. The three new measures developed included: 1) the 4-item Withdrawal-Induced Craving Scale (WICS) used to capture severity of craving, the most common physical withdrawal symptom; 2) the 12- item Nicotine Withdrawal Symptom Checklist (NWSC), which measures both overall disease severity and the severity of a comprehensive list of individual physical withdrawal symptoms including withdrawal-induced craving, anger, anxiety, depression, headache, insomnia, loss of focus, restlessness, and stress; and 3) the 6-item brief NWSC (NWSC-b), a short measure which only captures overall disease severity. All of the new measures exhibited a unidimensional factor structure loading highly on a single factor (thought to be physical dependence). They also correlated highly (over 0.6) and significantly (p<0.001) to a battery of convergent validity indices including four widely used nicotine dependence measures: Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), the Autonomy Over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and self-rated addiction.
CONCLUSION: The WICS, NWSC, and NWSC-b provide three distinct validated tools that can be used by researchers, clinicians, and educators to track the progression of physical dependence on nicotine across a range of smoking behaviors and histories.
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Männikkö, N. (Niko). "Problematic gaming behavior among adolescents and young adults:relationship between gaming behavior and health." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216584.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to describe and explain the problematic gaming behavior and the relationship between the digital gaming behavior (gaming time, medium, genres and motives), health (psychological, social and physical) and problematic gaming behavior among young people aged from 13 to 24 years. Information received can be used for developing practices to identify individuals with problematic gaming behavior, promote their lifestyle change and subsequently to increase knowledge of the nature of the condition within healthcare education. In this study, digital games means electronic games that can be played through console, computer, network and mobile devices. In the first sub-study, a systematic literature review with synthesis from previous empirical studies (n = 50) about the health outcomes related to problematic gaming behavior was conducted. In the second sub-study, cross-sectional and national survey design with a randomly selected sample (N = 3 000) was used to identify problematic gaming behavior and to examine its associations with the digital gaming behavior (gaming time, genres and motives) and health (psychological, social and physical) among Finnish adolescents and young adults (n = 293). In the third sub-study, a descriptive, regional cross-sectional study was conducted to examine adolescents’ (n = 560) digital gaming behavior and its relationship to problematic gaming behavior symptoms. The data from empirical studies two and three were collected by using an internet-based survey. Statistical methods were used to analyse the data. The findings of the systematic review and empirical study showed that problematic gaming behavior was especially related to adverse psychosocial health outcomes, namely, anxiety, depression and a preference for online social interaction. Problematic gaming behavior was also linked to the use of a cluster of games-characterized features of role playing, action, progression and strategy. Moreover, the gaming motives, such as entertainment achievement, social and escapism, correlated significantly to problematic gaming behavior. Among the sample of adolescents, the blended family structure might predict problematic gaming behavior symptoms. The study significantly added understanding of gaming and health characteristics in the role of problematic gaming behavior among young people. The findings may help to advance in the areas of screening and counselling for PGBTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja selittää 13–24-vuotiaiden nuorten ongelmallisen digipelaamiskäyttäytymisen yhteyksiä psyykkiseen, sosiaaliseen ja fyysiseen terveyteen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, helpottaa ilmiön tunnistamista ja edistää terveyskasvatusta. Digipeleillä tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa tietokone-, konsoli-, verkko- ja mobiililaitteilla pelattavia pelejä. Ensimmäisessä osatutkimuksessa arvioitiin ja tiivistettiin systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla tämän hetkinen tutkimustieto (n = 50) ongelmallisen digipelaamisen ja terveyden välisistä yhteyksistä. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin ositettuna satunnaisotantana (N = 3 000) kerätyn aineiston avulla suomalaisten nuorten (n = 293) digipelaamista, ongelmallisen digipelaamisen esiintyvyyttä sekä ongelmallisen digipelaamisen yhteyksiä nuorten pelaamiskäyttäytymiseen ja terveyteen. Kolmannessa osatutkimuksessa kuvattiin alueellisen poikkileikkaustutkimuksen avulla nuorten (n = 560) digipelaamiskäyttäytymistä ja sen yhteyksiä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Empiiristen osatutkimusten aineisto kerättiin verkkopohjaisen kyselyn avulla, ja saatu aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä. Katsauksen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että ongelmallinen digipelaaminen oli erityisesti yhteydessä psykologisiin ja sosiaalisiin oireisiin, kuten masennukseen ja ahdistukseen, sekä korostuneeseen mieltymykseen olla vuorovaikutuksessa verkkoympäristön välityksellä. Ongelmallisen digipelaamisen riski-ryhmään kuuluneet henkilöt suosivat digipelityyppejä, jotka sisälsivät rooli-, toiminta- ja strategiapelaamisen ominaisuuksia. Digipelaamisen motiiveista edistymispyrkimys, sosiaalisuus ja todellisuuspako olivat yhteydessä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Nuorilla uusioperhetilanne saattoi lisätä ongelmallisen pelaa-misen oireita. Tutkimus lisäsi tietoperustaa nuorten ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, pelaamiskäyttäytymisestä ja terveysominaisuuksien merkityksestä. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ongelmallisen digipelaamisen seulonnan ja ilmiöön liittyvän ohjauksen kehittämisessä
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Manning, Jill C. "A qualitative study of the supports women find most beneficial when dealing with a spouse's sexually addictive or compulsive behaviors /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1171.pdf.
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Славинська, О. М. "Соціальна профілактика адитивної поведінки підлітків." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21189.
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Славинська, О. М. Соціальна профілактика адитивної поведінки підлітків: магістерська робота : 231 Соціальна робота / О. М. Славинська ; керівник роботи Новик Л. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра креативних індустрій та соціальних інновацій. – Чернігів, 2020. – 81 с.Важкий соціально-економічний стан української держави, зростання злочинності, занепад моралі, відчуження підлітків від соціальних інституцій, що займаються вихованням молоді, спричиняють різного роду девіації у молодіжному середовищі, зокрема серед підлітків. У теоретичні частині розкриваються теоретичні аспекти дослідження адитивної поведінки підлітків. У практичній частині викладено результати емпіричного дослідження схильності підлітків до адитивної поведінки. Наукова новизна й теоретичне значення дослідження полягають у тому, що уточнено та поглиблено систему знань про сутність, зміст та особливості профілактики адиктивної поведінки підлітків; емпірично визначено, що підлітки (учні 7 та 8 класів) найбільш схильні до такої форми залежності як наркоманія; розроблено програму тренінгових занять з профілактики адиктивної поведінки підлітків.
The difficult socio-economic situation of the Ukrainian state, the growth of crime, the decline of morality, the alienation of adolescents from social institutions involved in the education of youth, cause various deviations in the youth environment, in particular among adolescents. The theoretical parts reveal the theoretical aspects of the study of additive behavior of adolescents. The practical part presents the results of an empirical study of adolescents' propensity to addictive behavior. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the study is that the system of knowledge about the essence, content and features of prevention of addictive behavior of adolescents is clarified and deepened; it is empirically determined that adolescents (students of 7th and 8th grades) are most prone to such a form of addiction as drug addiction; the program of training sessions on prevention of addictive behavior of teenagers is developed.
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Bouwman, Yolanda. "The addictive/co-dependent dance an analysis of a local Christian Reformed Church using the principles of family systems theory /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Vogeler, Heidi A. "An Examination of the Factor Structure of the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6654.
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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the underlying latent factor structure of the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA), a 53-item assessment designed to assess for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the context of sexual addiction. It was theorized that the factor structure mirrored the 5 core criteria for PTSD as constituted in DSM-5. Data were gathered from 3,199 self-selected respondents (ages 21 to 55) who completed an online version of the TIPSA. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed utilizing Mplus in order to confirm the hypothesized factor structure of the TIPSA. Several modifications were made to the model, based on factor loadings and modification indices, in order to improve goodness-of-fit. In addition to the original posited model, three other models were also examined: a second-order factor model; a general-factor model; and a bifactor model. The second-order factor model emerged as the model of choice, based on both statistical and theoretical underpinnings. As a result of the findings from this study, revision of the items contained in the TIPSA is recommended. In addition, in order to further establish the validity of the TIPSA as an assessment for PTSD, evaluating convergent and discriminant validity of the TIPSA with other established assessments, such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) PTSD Checklist, is also suggested.
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Smith, S. Courtney, Karen E. Schetzina, Jodi Polaha, Katie Baker, and David L. Wood. "The Family Check-Up in a Pediatric Clinic: An Integrated Care Delivery Model to Improve Behaviors in the Home Environment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5114.
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This study examines the feasibility of adapting the Family Check Up (FCU), an evidence-based program to identify and manage behavioral concerns in children ages 4 and 5 years, within a pediatric primary care clinic with an integrated mental health professional. Methods: Caregivers attending their child’s 4 and 5 year-old well child visit were asked to complete a screening tool (Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17; PSC-17) measuring behavioral concerns as part of routine care. Families who screened positively, were referred to the FCU and asked to participate in a study evaluating the intervention. The FCU is a 2-session intervention during which information on home environment and parenting style was collected through tailored questionnaires, videotaped interactions, and a clinical interview. Feasibility was examined using portions of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (REAIM) framework from the Dissemination and Implementation Science field. This study presents preliminary data on the domains of Reach and Adoption over the first 5 months of the FCU. Results: The number of families referred who attended at least one session (Reach) was 77.2%. Current data shows that use of the PSC-17 screening instrument (Adoption) is 91.4% for well child checks and 25% for acute visits. Adoption of those referred to the FCU is 84%, indicating most families screening positively for behavioral concerns were successfully referred to the FCU. Conclusion: Initial results suggest Reach and Adoption rates support the feasibility of adapting a behavioral intervention for delivery in the pediatric clinic. Notably, having an existing integrated care delivery model is a critical piece to this early success. Future directions will continue to explore feasibility of the remaining REAIM domains.
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Airagnes, Guillaume. "Vie professionnelle et conduites addictives (alcool, tabac, cannabis, mésusage en benzodiazépines) dans la cohorte Constances." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV042.
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L’objectif général était d'étudier les liens entre les conduites addictives et différents aspects de la vie professionnelle dans l’infrastructure de recherche CONSTANCES : (1) Estimer les prévalences d'usage de substances en population générale française en fonction des facteurs sociodémographiques et cliniques, (2) Étudier les associations longitudinales entre stress au travail et usage chronique de benzodiazépines, (3) Étudier les associations transversales entre demande émotionnelle au travail et usages d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis, (4) Étudier les associations transversales entre demande émotionnelle au travail et usage chronique de benzodiazépines, (5) Étudier les associations longitudinales entre usages d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis et la perte d’emploi.1. Les prévalences d'usage d'alcool, de tabac et de cannabis en population générale ont été estimées. Concernant l’usage chronique de benzodiazépines, sa prévalence était en 2015 de 2,8 % (IC 95% : 2,3-3,4) chez les hommes et de 3,8% (IC 95 % : 3,3-4,5) chez les femmes(n = 9 535).2. Il existait des relations dose-dépendantes entre l’intensité du stress au travail, mesuré par le déséquilibre effort-récompense, et le risque d’usage chronique de benzodiazépines sur une période de suivi de deux ans (n = 31 077), avec un OR = 2,18 (IC 95 % : 1,50-3,16) pour les sujets les plus stressés comparés aux moins stressés, après ajustement pour les facteurs sociodémographiques, les usages d’alcool et de tabac, la dépression et l’état de santé perçu.3. Il existait des associations significatives entre la demande émotionnelle au travail, mesurée par la fréquence de l’exposition stressante au public, et les usages d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis, en ajustant pour les facteurs sociodémographiques (n=23 641). Concernant l’usage d’alcool, la demande émotionnelle était associée chez les hommes à une augmentation du risque d’alcoolisations paroxystiques intermittentes plus d’une fois par mois (OR = 1,29 (IC 95 % : 1,10-1,51), et chez les femmes à une augmentation des risques de consommation hebdomadaire élevée ou très élevée (OR = 1,59 (IC 95 % : 1,12-2,25) et de trouble de l’usage d’alcool (OR = 2,30 (IC 95 % : 1,54-3,44).4. Il existait des relations dose-dépendantes entre la demande émotionnelle au travail et l'usage chronique de benzodiazépines, en ajustant pour l’âge, le niveau d’éducation et l’indice de déprivation sociale (n=33 195). Les OR étaient de 2,3 (IC 95 % : 1,5-3,6) chez les hommes et de 2,5 (IC 95 % : 1,8-3,4) chez les femmes pour les individus exposés à la plus forte demande émotionnelle comparée à la plus faible. Ces associations persistaient en l’absence d’autres facteurs de vulnérabilité à l’usage des benzodiazépines.5. Les usages d’alcool, de tabac et de cannabis étaient tous associés, de manière indépendante, et suivant des relations dose-dépendantes, au risque de perte d’emploi à un an, en ajustant pour l’âge, le genre, la dépression et l’état de santé perçu(n=18 879). Le risque de perte d’emploi associé à un usage problématique ou de dépendance probable de l’alcool était de 1,92 (IC 95 % : 1,34-2,75) comparé à un usage à faible risque. Il était de 1,78 (IC 95 % : 1,26-2,54) pour les gros fumeurs comparés aux non-fumeurs et de 2,68 (IC 95 % : 2,10-3,42) pour les consommateurs de cannabis au moins une fois par mois comparés aux non-consommateurs.Ces résultats pourraient permettre aux décideurs en santé publique et en santé au travail d'élaborer des stratégies d'information et de prévention destinées à réduire l'usage de substances, notamment en milieu professionnel. En raison de la complexité des interrelations entre conduites addictives et vie professionnelle, ce champ de recherche en épidémiologie devrait poursuivre son développement afin de répondre aux enjeux majeurs de santé publique posés tant par les conduites addictives que par l'exposition aux risques professionnelsThe overall objective was to explore the links between addictive behaviours (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, benzodiazepines) and different aspects of occupational life (i.e. job stress, emotional demand, job loss) using data from the CONSTANCES research infrastructure.This general objective has been operationalized into five distinct objectives:(1) Estimate the prevalence of substance use in the general population according to socio-demographic and clinical factors,(2) Examine the longitudinal associations between job stress and benzodiazepine long-term use,(3) Examine the cross-sectional associations between emotional job demand and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use,(4) Examine the cross-sectional associations between emotional job demand and benzodiazepine long-term use,(5) Examine the longitudinal associations between alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and job loss.1. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use in the general population have been estimated. The prevalence of benzodiazepine long-term use in 2015 was of 2.8 % (CI 95 % : 2.3-3.4) in men and 3.8 % (CI 95 % : 3.3-4.5) in women (n=9 535).2. There were dose-dependent relationships between job stress, as measured by the effort-reward imbalance, and the risk of benzodiazepine long-term use over a two-year follow-up (n=31 077), with an OR = 2.18 (CI 95 % : 1.50-3.16) for the most stressed compared to the least stressed subjects, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, alcohol and tobacco smoking use, depression and self-rated health status.3. There were significant associations between emotional job demand, measured by the stressful exposure to the public in the workplace, and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (n=23 641). Regarding alcohol use, emotional job demand was associated in men with an increased risk of heavy episodic drinking more than once a month(OR = 1.29 (CI 95 % : 1.10-1.51), and in women with an increased risk of high or very high weekly consumption (OR = 1.59 (CI 95 % : 1.12-2.25) as well as with alcohol use disorder(OR = 2.30 (CI 95 % : 1.54-3.44).4. There were dose-dependent relationships between emotional job demand and benzodiazepine long-term use, adjusting for age, education level and social deprivation index (n=33 195). ORs were 2.3 (CI 95 % : 1.5-3.6) in men and 2.5 (CI 95 % : 1.8-3.4) in women for individuals exposed to the highest emotional demand compared to the lowest. These associations remained significant even without other factors of vulnerability to benzodiazepine use.5. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were independently and dose-dependently associated with the risk of job loss at one-year, adjusting for age, gender, depression and self-rated health status (n=18 879). The risk of job loss associated with problematic use or alcohol dependence was 1.92 (CI 95 % : 1.34-2.75) compared to low-risk use. This risk was 1.78 (95% CI : 1.26-2.54) for heavy smokers compared to non-smokers and 2.68 (CI 95 % : 2.10-3.42) for cannabis users at least once a month compared to non-users.These findings could help public health and occupational health decision-makers to develop information and prevention strategies aiming at reducing the burden of substance use, particularly in the workplace. Because of the complexity of the interrelationships between addictive behaviours and occupational life, this field of the epidemiologic research should continue to be developed in order to meet the major public health challenges posed by both addictive behaviours and exposure to occupational risks
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Pickering, Christopher. "Factors affecting alcohol self-administration: learning, environmental and genetic influences on behaviour /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-902-5/.
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Denis, Cécile. "Version française modifiée de l'Addiction Severity Index : rationnel, description et validation des sections Tabac et Jeu / Jeu d'argent et de Hasard." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21669/document.
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Pour appréhender l'ensemble du problème addictif et proposer une prise en charge appropriée, une évaluation multifactorielle est nécessaire. Les données récentes soulignent que le champ des addictions aux substances doit être étendu au champ des addictions comportementales. Une des lacunes dans la compréhension des troubles addictifs et de leur prise en charge pourrait être due à un manque d'outils d'évaluation standardisés qui évaluent l'ensemble des composantes de l'addiction et leurs répercussions dans différents domaines de la vie du sujet. Dans le champ des addictions aux substances, l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) est l'outil le plus utilisé mondialement. L'ASI est un instrument qui évaluent les sujets pour la clinique ou la recherche. En France, notre groupe de recherche utilise l'ASI depuis 1992 pour la clinique et la recherche. Nous avons décidé de modifier l'ASI en y ajoutant de nouvelles sections. Depuis 2006, la version française modifiée de l'ASI présente donc des items évaluant l'usage de tabac (Section Tabac) et également des items permettant l'évaluation des comportements addictifs sans substance comme le jeu, le jeu d'argent et de hasard et les troubles du comportement alimentaire. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'étudier la validité de la version française modifiée de l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) chez des sujets pris en charge pour au moins une addiction dans des centres de soins spécialisés en addictologie. Les résultats montraient une très bonne validité des données de consommations de substances rapportées par les sujets. Les sections Tabac et Jeu / Jeu d'argent et de hasard avaient été montrées comme valides. La version modifiée de l'ASI semble être un bon outil permettant l'évaluation de la sévérité de l'ensemble des comportements addictifs. Cette adaptation fait de l'ASI modifié le premier outil qui permet d'évaluer l'ensemble des troubles addictifs et qui ne mesure pas uniquement la quantité, la durée et l'intensité de ces troubles. Elle va permettre d'aider le clinicien à mettre en place une prise en charge la plus adaptée et aux chercheurs de caractériser et de comparer les différentes addictions afin de dégager des différences et des similitudesA multidimensional assessment is key to understand the addiction problem and to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Recent findings support the scope that addictive disorders should include non-substance use disorders. A significant problem in understanding and managing the addictive disorders may be related to the lack of standardized instruments for assessing problems or other aspects of life that are affected by these pathologies. For the assessment of substance users exists a widely used instrument, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The ASI is an instrument that assesses subjects for both clinical and research purposes. In France, our research group used the ASI since 1992 for both clinical and research purposes. We decided to modify the French translation of the ASI and added some new items. Since 2006, the French modified ASI includes items to assess tobacco use but also non-substance addictive behaviors including gaming, gambling and eating disorders. The overall objective of this dissertation was to assess the validity of the French modified ASI in several samples of clients who sought treatment in outpatient addiction clinics. The findings showed a good validity of the self-reported substance use. The validity of the Tobacco section as well as the Gaming/Gambling section have been shown. The French modified ASI is a suitable instrument for assessing any type of addiction-related disorders. This adaptation makes the modified ASI the first instrument that assesses all possible addictive behaviors regardless of the type of the addiction and that measures more than just the quantity, duration, and intensity of addictive behaviors. ASI may be helpful for clinicians in helping them to design the best treatment plans for a patient, for policy makers to objectively understand the need in treatment, care centers or other institutions but also for researchers to measure contemporary issues in addiction treatment and to find similarities and differences between type of addiction
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Pennel, Lucie. "Intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires répétées : une conduite addictive plutôt que suicidaire. Phénotypage clinique et modélisation comportementale par une approche dimensionnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV025.
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Les intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires répétées (IMVr) constituent un problème de santé publique croissant, mais sous-évalué et traité comme une conduite suicidaire, alors qu’elles appartiendraient au registre des addictions. Notre travail abonde dans ce sens en montrant que les suicides alcoolisés se font principalement par IMV et correspondent au deliberate self-harm syndrom ; les suicidants récidivants se distinguent par un névrosisme et un attachement anxieux typiques des addictions ; les IMVr même suicidaires témoignent d’une relation addictive aux médicaments ; le facteur le plus prédictif d’IMV serait de l’avoir envisagée. Conceptualisé de façon translationnelle et argumenté par une approche pharmacologique, nous proposons un modèle dimensionnel des conduites suicidaires, intégré au continuum des addictions, confirmant l’hypothèse initiale et l’intérêt d’un raisonnement transnosographique diagnostique et thérapeutique dans le champ des pathologies mentalesRepeated Self-poisoning (RSP) constitute an under evaluated but growing public health problem, treated as a suicidal rather than an addictive behavior. Our work brings arguments by showing that suicides involving alcohol are mainly by self-poisoning and correspond to deliberate self-harm syndrome; repeat suicide attempters are identified by a neuroticism and anxious attachment typically found in addicts; even suicidal RSP shows addictive behavior involving medicines; the best predictor of self-poisoning is having thought about it. Conceptualized through a translational approach and supported by pharmacological arguments, we propose a multidimensional model of suicidal behaviors, that could integrate the continuum of addictive behaviors. This confirms the initial hypothesis and the viability of a transnosographic concept for diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses
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Gaetan, Sophie. "Monde virtuel et avatar : de la mise en scène de soi à l'addiction." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3056.
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Le jeu vidéo est une activité de loisir particulièrement répandue auprès des adolescents. Néanmoins, pour certains, une conduite addictive peut se mettre en place, remplissant une fonction précise et nécessaire à l'équilibre du sujet. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'amorcer la construction d'un modèle explicatif de ce processus addictif. L'opérationnalisation de cette recherche repose sur une méthodologie quantitative permettant de mesurer le poids et l'implication de variables psychopathologiques, cognitivo-émotionnelles et de personnalité dans la mise en place de cette conduite addictive. Le monde virtuel et l'avatar sont les deux constituants majeurs de tout jeu vidéo. Ils permettent au sujet de mettre en scène et médiatiser son Soi Emotionnel. Le processus addictif résulte d'une cristallisation de cette dynamique, ne permettant pas au sujet de se réapproprier son expérience émotionnelle. Par ailleurs, ce travail a permis de mettre en avant l'existence d'une utilisation addictive des jeux vidéo en ligne et hors ligne. Ces deux formats se différencient dans la mise en scène d'aspects du Soi Identitaire qu'ils impliquent. Pour finir, ce travail nous amène à questionner la frontière entre une utilisation régulière et addictive/pathogène des jeux vidéoVideo games cover preferential activity of adolescents. But for some, the practice becomes an addictive behavior, playing an important role in psychological functioning of adolescents. The global aim is to establish a comprehensive model of this addictive process. This research is based on a quantitative methodology in order to assess the weight and the involvement of psychopathological, emotional and personality variables in this addictive process. Avatar and virtual world are the two essential components of any video game. They allow subject to mediatize and enact his Emotional Self. The addiction process is the result of crystallization of this dynamic which does not allow the subject to reappropriate his emotional experience. Furthermore, the research puts the light on two different types of addictive processes with on line or outline video games. These two formats differ in the enacting of aspects of the Self Identity they imply. Finally, this work leads us to question the boundary between regular and addictive / pathogen use of video games
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Angelo, Daniela Lopes. "O impacto de um programa de atividade física no tratamento de jogadores patológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-07022012-093632/.
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O jogo patológico se caracteriza pela perda do controle de apostar em jogos de azar e pelo comportamento persistente apesar dos prejuízos causados. Uma das características centrais do comportamento de jogadores patológicos é a fissura de jogar para evitar estados emocionais desfavoráveis e sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão estão significativamente associados à intensidade da fissura em jogadores patológicos. Assim, é possível que o tratamento da depressão e da ansiedade esteja associado indiretamente à melhora do comportamento de jogar, através da redução da fissura. Sabemos que a saúde mental pode ser influenciada positivamente pela prática de atividade física. Diversos estudos sugerem que a prática de exercícios tem efeito positivo sobre o humor, se associa à redução da ansiedade e da depressão, possibilitando melhor controle do estresse. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi examinar o impacto de um programa de atividade física sobre a sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva e sobre a fissura por jogo em uma amostra de 33 jogadores patológicos em início de tratamento ambulatorial. Adicionalmente, analisamos a associação entre a fissura e níveis dos hormônios relacionados ao estresse. O tratamento consistiu em terapia cognitivocomportamental ou psicoterapia psicodinâmica em grupo e tratamento psiquiátrico das comorbidades associadas. O programa de atividade física variou de 4 a 8 semanas e consistiu em 8 sessões de 50 minutos cada de exercícios aeróbios de intensidade moderada (60-75% da freqüência cardíaca máxima). A fissura durante o exercício foi avaliada imediatamente antes e depois de cada sessão de atividade física. Também foi avaliada a fissura por jogo nas 24 horas anteriores e nos 7 dias anteriores. Os pacientes foram investigados no início e ao final do programa de atividade física quanto a comportamento de jogo, intensidade de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos e níveis plasmáticos dos hormônios adrenocorticotrófico (ACTH), cortisol e prolactina. Os resultados mostram que houve redução significativa da fissura por jogo após cada sessão de atividade física e ao final da intervenção. Houve melhora nos sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e do comportamento de jogo. A redução da fissura por jogo durante o exercício físico se relaciona com a redução da fissura e da ansiedade ao final do programa, mas não à sintomatologia depressiva. Ainda, se associa à variação da prolactina, mas não à variação de cortisol e ACTHPathological gambling is characterized by loss of control over gambling and this behavior persists despite losses caused by this activity. One of the central features of the behavior of pathological gamblers is craving for gambling in order to avoid adverse emotional states, and symptoms of anxiety and depression are significantly associated with the intensity of craving among pathological gamblers. Thus, it is possible that the treatment of depression and anxiety is indirectly associated with improvement of gambling behavior by reducing the craving. We know that mental health can be positively influenced by physical activity. Several studies suggest that exercise has a positive effect on mood, is associated with reduced anxiety and depression, enabling better control of stress. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of a program of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms and the craving for gambling in a sample of 33 pathological gamblers in early outpatient treatment. Additionally, we analyzed the association between craving and levels of hormones related to stress. The treatment consisted of cognitive-behavioral or psychodynamic therapy group and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities. The physical activity program included 8 sessions ranging from 4 to 8 weeks. The proposed activity consisted of 50 minute sessions, aiming at 60-75% of maximum heart rate. Craving during exercise was assessed immediately before and after each session. We also analyzed the gambling craving in the previous 24 hour and 7 day period. Patients were investigated at the beginning and at the end of the program of physical activity regarding gambling behavior, intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and prolactin. The results show a significant reduction in gambling craving following each session of physical activity and at the end of the program. There was improvement in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and gambling behavior. The reduction in craving after each session is associated with the reduction of craving and anxiety at the end of the program but not with depressive symptomatology. Still, craving reduction is associated with variation in prolactin levels, but not in cortisol and ACTH levels
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Пригаровський, Я. Є. "Особливості профілактики наркотичної залежності в молодіжному середовищі." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21008.
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Пригаровський, Я. Є. Особливості профілактики наркотичної залежності в молодіжному середовищі : магістерська робота: 231 Соціальна робота / Я. Є. Пригаровський ; керівник роботи Децюк Т. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра соціальної роботи. – Чернігів, 2020. – 89 с.Магістерська робота складається з трьох розділів. У першій частині, теоретичній, розглянуто питання, пов’язані з терміном «наркотична залежність», «адиктивна поведінка», історією виникнення психотропних речовин та їхніх різновидів. Досліджені види наркотичної залежності, їхні стадії, наслідки вживання речовин та його вплив на розвиток суспільства. Крім того, охарактеризовано профілактику наркозалежності в молодіжному середовищі з погляду соціальної роботи, зокрема її етапи, цілі та основи, а також діяльність державних та недержавних установ у рамках досліджуваної проблеми. У другій, дослідницькій, частині проведено емпіричне дослідження щодо рівня ефективності методів профілактики наркозалежності в молодіжному середовищі. Зокрема визначено та охарактеризовано їхні критерії, рівні та показники. У третій частині, яка є рекомендаційною, наведені пропозиції щодо вдосконалення профілактики наркозалежності. Так, розроблено список методів, адаптованих під особливості та інтереси молодіжного середовища, а також сформовано перелік пропозицій щодо покращення проведення превентивних програм у досліджуваних інституціях.
The master's thesis consists of three sections. The first theoretical part deals with issues related to the term ―drug addiction‖, ―addictive behavior‖, the history of psychotropic substances and their varieties. Also it considers the types of drug addiction, their stages, consequences of substance use and its impact on the development of society. In addition, this section studies the prevention of drug addiction among the youth in terms of social work, in particular its stages, goals and foundations, as well as the activities of governmental and non-governmental institutions within the framework of the problem. In the second research part an empirical study was conducted. It studies the level of effectiveness of drug prevention methods in the young people environment. In particular, the research defines their criteria, levels and indicators. The third part, which is about recommendations, provides suggestions for improving the process of drug prevention. Thus, there has been developed a list of methods adapted to the characteristics and interests of the youth. Apart from that, a list of proposals for improving the implementation of prevention programs in the studied institutions has been formed.
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Chaves, Tharcila Viana [UNIFESP]. "A vivência da fissura por crack: rebaixamento de valores e estratégias utilizadas para o controle." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8856.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-27Objetivo: Entender, através do discurso de quem já consumiu crack: como a fissura se processa, quais os comportamentos desenvolvidos sob fissura e quais as estratégias utilizadas pelo usuário para interferir na fissura. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com amostra intencional por critérios, constituída por usuários (n=31) e ex-usuários (n=9) de crack, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. Os investigados, pertencentes a 12 cadeias distintas, foram recrutados pela técnica da bola de neve e foram submetidos à entrevista semi-estruturada em profundidade, até que fosse atingido o ponto de saturação teórica da amostra. Após a transcrição literal das entrevistas, seguiu-se a análise do conteúdo para assim se elaborar inferências e hipóteses alicerçadas nesses discursos. Resultados e Discussão: Os 40 entrevistados estavam igualmente distribuídos quanto ao gênero, abrangiam todos os níveis de escolaridade e a maior parte possuía poucos recursos financeiros. Além da fissura sentida na abstinência de crack e da fissura induzida por pistas ambientais e emocionais, já conhecidas, constatou-se um terceiro tipo de fissura, a induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. Assim que o usuário dá a primeira tragada desenvolve uma compulsão pelo consumo, levando-o ao uso ininterrupto, até que o estoque de droga acabe ou ele chegue à exaustão. Este tipo de fissura apareceu como um forte fator mantenedor dos episódios binge de consumo, os quais foram os maiores responsáveis pelo rebaixamento de valores do usuário, sujeitando-os a práticas não convencionais para a obtenção da droga e a fortes eventos de agressividade. Os entrevistados não só possuem estratégias para o alívio da fissura, como também possuem táticas para evitar o seu desenvolvimento, tanto de ordem farmacológica quanto comportamental. Conclusões: A fissura por crack, entre outros sintomas, desencadeia compulsão, comportamento de risco, sofrimento, agressividade e padrão binge de consumo, o qual pode estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento de dependência. Os binges de consumo de crack podem ser causados pela fissura induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. A existência de medidas do próprio usuário para lidar com a sua fissura por crack pode ser uma ferramenta importante para o aprimoramento de seu tratamento.
Objective: To understand, through the discourse of individuals who have already consumed crack: how their cravings proceed; what behavioral patterns are developed with such cravings and what strategies users follow to hold back their cravings. Methodology: This was a qualitative study using an intentional sample with selection criteria, composed of crack users (n=31) and former users (n=9) of both sexes, aged 18 to 50 years. The subjects belonged to 12 different chains and were recruited using the snowballing technique. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with recruits until the theoretical data saturation point of the sample was reached. The interviews were transcribed literally and the scripts then underwent content analysis in order to elaborate grounded inferences and hypotheses from the discourse. Results and Discussion: The interviewees were equally distributed regarding gender. They ranged over all educational levels and most of them had little money. In addition to the known cravings felt through abstaining from crack and through environmental and emotional paths, a third type of craving was observed, induced by the effect of the crack itself. As soon as the users took the first drag, they developed a compulsion to consume it, leading them to uninterrupted use until the supply ran out or they reached exhaustion. This type of craving appeared to be a strong factor in maintaining episodes of bingeing. Such episodes were the greatest factors responsible for lowering users’ values, thereby impelling them to act unconventionally to obtain the drug, with highly aggressive events. The interviewees not only had strategies for relieving their cravings, but also had tactics to avoid their development, both of pharmacological and of behavioral nature. Conclusions: The craving by crack, among other symptoms, triggers compulsion, risk behavior, suffering, aggression and binge pattern of consumption, which may be related to the development of dependence. Bingeing on crack may be caused by the craving that the effect of the crack itself induces. Users’ own measures for dealing with their cravings for crack may constitute an important tool for improving their treatment.
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Sierra-Scroccaro, Nathalie. "Adolescence et addictions : quelles interventions envisager pour les parents de jeunes consommateurs ?" Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20005.
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Les addictions constituent un problème majeur de santé publique et soulèvent de nombreuses questions sur le plan clinique et psycho-pathologique ainsi que sur leur prise en charge. Toutefois, si elles sont d’un intérêt certain dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique, ce n’est que récemment que la souffrance des proches, et plus encore celle des parents de jeunes adolescents, sont l’objet de travaux pour les chercheurs comme pour les professionnels.L’objectif de cette recherche qualitative et exploratoire est d’étudier les vécus des parents d’adolescents ayant des pratiques addictives. Elle est réalisée au sein d’un dispositif de prévention en addictologie.Ce sont en majorité des mères qui consultent pour leurs fils. Généralement, ces adolescents ou jeunes adultes sont âgés entre 15 et 23 ans, aux prises avec un problème de consommation de cannabis, d’alcool, de jeux vidéo et vivent chez leurs parents.Six formes de vécus parentaux et certaines configurations familiales en lien avec les conduites addictives des adolescents ont pu être identifiées à l’aide de quinze vignettes cliniques.Les addictions des jeunes interpellent la fonction maternelle, en tant que médiatrice de la fonction paternelle. De même, le sujet adolescent convoquerait chez la mère, un objet répondant à la question du réel d’une autre jouissance, en tant qu’une suppléance à l’absence de signifiant.Ces résultats permettent d’interroger les possibilités d’interventions en clinique auprès de ces familles d’une part, et de réfléchir à un nouveau dispositif d’accompagnement médico-psycho-social d’autre partAddiction constitutes a major public health problem and raises numerous questions from a clinical and psychopathological perspective as well as on young users’ care. Even though certain interest has been shown in the field of scientific research on the subject, only recently has the suffering of the parents of young teenagers been the object of researchers’ and professionals’ studies.The objective of this qualitative and exploratory study is to examine the personal experiences of the parents of teenagers suffering from addiction. It was carried out at a prevention and treatment center for addiction.Mothers who consult for their sons make up the majority of those who consult. Generally, these teenagers or grown-up young adults are between the ages of 15 and 23, live at home with their parents, and battle against excessive use of cannabis, alcohol, and video games.Six forms of parental personal experiences and certain family configurations in connection with the addictive behaviors of the teenagers were identified by means of fifteen clinical cases.The addictions of the young people in question call out to the maternal function as a mediator of the paternal function.Additionally, the adolescent subject summons within his/her mother an object in response to the question of the real of the Other jouissance, as a substitution in the absence of the signifier.These results allow us to question the possibilities of clinical interventions with these families, and to think about new tools of medical-psychosocial support
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Piña, Julio, Luis Fierros, and Moreno Humberto de la Cruz. "Behavioral Risk and Sociodemographic Predictors related to HIV infection and other STI's." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102265.
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One thousand thirty-five participants were tested in laboratory in order to detect HIV or other sexually transmitted infection (STI) antibodies between 1999 and 2000. The results showedthat: (a) most of them attended for the first time the Health Information Center; (b) the Elisa test was the most frequently used; (e) the majority were women, and (d) their age range was from 15 to 44 years old. With regard to risk behaviors, the sexual ones were the most frequent;in relation to addictive behaviors, drug consumption by intravenous way and alcohol use were the most frequent ones. Significan! correlation, confirmed by Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, were found among the sociodemographic variables. When analyzing sexual behavior alone and with alcohol consumption, a significant correlation was found in risk behaviors compared to the other variables.Se evaluó a 1435 participantes con una prueba de laboratorio para detectar anticuerpos al VIH u otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITSs) entre 1999 y el 2000. Los resultados mostraron que (a) la mayoría acudió al Centro de Información para la Salud por primera vez; (b) La prueba de Elisa fue la más frecuentemente usada; (e) la mayoría de participantes son del género femenino y (d) el rango de edad está entre los 15 y 44 años. En relación con las conductas de riesgo, las del tipo sexual fueron las de mayor frecuencia; entre las adictivas, las del consumo de droga por vía intravenosa y alcohol fueron las más frecuentes. Correlaciones significativas, confirmadas con la prueba de bondad de ajuste Kolmogrov-Smirnov, fueron halladas entre las variables sociodemográficas.Al analizar la dimensión sexual sola y con droga intravenosa hubo una correlación significativa de la variable conductas de riesgo frente al resto de variables.
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Ryan, Francis Noel. "Attentional bias and addictive behaviour." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26911.
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The relationship between attentional bias and aspects of addictive alcohol use was investigated. A modified Stroop procedure was administered to detoxified problem drinkers (N=33) attending a specialist day clinic and staff specialising in substance misuse treatment (N=32). The card format Stroop procedure contained words such as "alcohol" and "relapse" and neutral semantically homogenous words. It was predicted that the problem drinking cohort would show greater colour naming latency with alcohol relevant words compared to the neutral words than the control group. It was also hypothesised that significant relationships would emerge between indices of alcohol consumption and Stroop interference. Analysis of variance revealed significant main effects for word type with both alcoholic and "expert" subjects taking longer to colour-name alcohol related words (p< .001). Predicted interactions between word type and clinical status of subject were not observed. These results were consistent with earlier findings that expertise or familiarity were influential factors in Stroop performance and highlighted the need to control for this in future research using this paradigm. Alcoholic Ss did take relatively longer to colour-name alcohol related words than neutral words compared to controls, but this difference fell marginally short of significance (p < 0.07). Multiple regression analysis with the entire sample (N=65) showed that equations with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (S.A.D.Q.) and the number of years regular drinking were significantly predictive of colour naming latency for alcohol related words (p < .001). Theoretical and clinical aspects were discussed including the role of automaticity in additive behaviour and implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Strickland, Justin Charles. "EXAMINING THE UTILITY OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC DEMAND IN ADDICTION SCIENCE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/154.
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The marriage of perspectives from behavioral economic theory and learning theory has the potential to advance an understanding of substance use and substance use disorder. Behavioral economic demand is a central concept to this interdisciplinary approach. Evaluating demand in the laboratory and clinic can improve previous research on the relative reinforcing effects of drugs by accounting for the multi-dimensional nature of reinforcement rather than viewing reinforcement as a unitary construct. Recent advances in the commodity purchase task methodology have further simplified the measurement of demand values in human participants. This dissertation project presents a programmatic series of studies designed to demonstrate the utility of using a behavioral economic demand framework and the purchase task methodology for understanding substance use disorder through basic and applied science research. Experiments are presented spanning a continuum from theoretical and methodological development to longitudinal work and clinical application. These experiments demonstrate three key conclusions regarding behavioral economic demand. First, behavioral economic demand provides a reliable and valid measure of drug valuation that is applicable to varied drug types and participant populations. Second, behavioral economic demand is a stimulus-selective measure specifically reflecting valuation for the commodity under study. Third, behavioral economic demand provides incremental information about substance use in the laboratory and clinical setting above and beyond traditional measures of reinforcer valuation and other behavioral economic variables. These findings collectively highlight the benefits of behavioral economic demand and provide an important platform for future work in addiction science.
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Anikinas, Aleksandras. "Paauglių savigarbos, priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo ir patiriamų problemų sąsajos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091221_140154-97572.
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Problema. Visuomenėje stebimas paauglių elgesio problemos augimas ir sveikatos blogėjimas. Daugelis socialinių problemų, tokių kaip savižudybės, rūkymas, alkoholio ir narkotinių medžiagų vartojimas, nesugebėjimas prisitaikyti bendruomenėje yra susiję su asmens neigiama savigarba. Tyrusieji šiuos reiškinius nustatė, kad paauglystėje tarp savigarbos ir žalingų įpročių yra ryšys. Todėl siekiant pažinti ir įvertinti paauglio psichologinę savijautą, svarbu išanalizuoti psichologinius mechanizmus, sąlygojančius priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo ir patiriamų problemų sąsajų su savigarba atsiradimą. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti paauglių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo ir patiriamų problemų sąsajas su savigarba. Metodai. Tyrime naudota anketa, kurią sudaro klausimai apie alkoholio, tabako ir kitų priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimą, M. Rosenberg savigarbos skalė ir paauglių problemų atrankos testas. Tiriamasis kontingentas. Tiriamasis darbas buvo atliekamas Ignalinos rajono gimnazijoje I-II klasių moksleiviams. Dalyvauti tyrime sutiko 200 moksleivių, tačiau teisingai anketas užpildė 154 moksleiviai: 61 berniukas (39,6%) ir 93 mergaitės (60,4%). Paauglių amžius nuo15 iki 17 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 16 metų. Rezultatai. Paauglių savigarba yra susijusi su priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimu ir patiriamomis problemomis. Didelę reikšmę paauglių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimui bei jų agresyviam elgesiui turi paauglių savigarba.Background. In nowadays society there is a big growth in adolescents behavior problems and health deterioration. Most of the social problems, such as suicides, smoking, use of alcohol and drugs, adaptability difficulties in different social groups, are related to negative self-esteem. Researchers have found that there is a link between adolescents self-esteem and addiction. On purpose to understand and assess psychological well-being of a teenager, it is important to analyze psychological mechanisms, which can influence development of correlation problems in self-esteem and addictive substances use with experienced problems. Objective. Find correlations between teenagers‘ self-esteem and addictive substances use with experienced problems. Measures. In this study it was used a questionnaire, which includes questions about the use of alkohol, tobacco and other addictive substances, M. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and adolescent problems scale screening test. Participants. Research work was carried out in Ignalina gymnasium for I-II year students. 200 students agreed to participate in a study, but only 154 students completed questionaires correctly: 61 boy (39.6%) and 93 girls (60.4%). Age of adolescents was between 15 and 17, avarage age - 16 years old. Results. Adolescents self-esteem is strongly related to addictive substance use with experienced problems. There is a great importance of adolescents self-esteem to addictive substance use and their aggressive behavior... [to full text]
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Diehl, K., T. Görig, E. W. Breitbart, R. Greinert, Joel J. Hillhouse, J. L. Stapleton, and S. Schneider. "First Evaluation of the Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener (baits) in a Nationwide Representative Sample." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15888.
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Background: Evidence suggests that indoor tanning may have addictive properties. However, many instruments for measuring indoor tanning addiction show poor validity and reliability. Recently, a new instrument, the Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener (BAITS), has been developed.
Objectives: To test the validity and reliability of the BAITS by using a multimethod approach.
Methods: We used data from the first wave of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring on Sunbed Use, which included a cognitive pretest (August 2015) and a Germany‐wide representative survey (October to December 2015). In the cognitive pretest 10 users of tanning beds were interviewed and 3000 individuals aged 14–45 years were included in the representative survey. Potential symptoms of indoor tanning addiction were measured using the BAITS, a brief screening survey with seven items (answer categories: yes vs. no). Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the results of BAITS with usage parameters. Additionally, we tested internal consistency and construct validity.
Results: A total of 19·7% of current and 1·8% of former indoor tanning users were screened positive for symptoms of a potential indoor tanning addiction. We found significant associations between usage parameters and the BAITS (criterion validity). Internal consistency (reliability) was good (Kuder–Richardson‐20, 0·854). The BAITS was shown to be a homogeneous construct (construct validity).
Conclusions: Compared with other short instruments measuring symptoms of a potential indoor tanning addiction, the BAITS seems to be a valid and reliable tool. With its short length and the binary items the BAITS is easy to use in large surveys.
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Kitchenham, Nathan Sean. "Impulsivity and addictive behaviours in prisoners." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impulsivity-and-addictive-behaviours-in-prisoners(74d55afd-d7e3-4811-8ce9-9ae532f5e677).html.
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Background: Addiction presents a significant problem for many in prison, yet this group remains relatively understudied in research exploring associated psychological phenomena. Impulsivity has been established as one important psychological factor associate with addiction in the general population and it is of interest to broaden the scope of such investigation to relevant groups. Aims and Objectives: The current study primarily aimed to study the relationship between impulsivity and addictive behaviours in a sample of prisoners, including use of a range of substances and problem gambling. A further objective was to support ongoing developments in the field of impulsivity research, which consider the importance of conceptualising impulsivity as a multifaceted construct. Method: Seventy-two prisoners were recruited from a male prison in south London. Associations between their engagement with addictive behaviours and level of impulsivity were explored both for a trait measure of impulsivity and behavioural measures of two specific facets of impulsivity; all previously associated with addiction in the wider literature. Results: High rates of engagement with addictive behaviours were found, consistent with previous research of prisoners. However associations between impulsivity and addictive behaviours were highly varied depending on the variables under study. Of note lifetime frequent use of only two substances (crack/cocaine and opiates) were found to strongly associate with either elevated trait or behavioural impulsivity. In particular one subscale of trait impulsivity was found to be significantly predictive of frequent crack/cocaine use in the sample. Conclusion: The variance in findings suggests a need for more thorough and selective investigation of how different types of impulsivity may or may not relate to different addictive behaviours in the prisoner population. This would help support firmer conclusions being drawn on the nature of these relationships. The current findings should be considered in the context of limited and inconsistent related research of prisoners to date; however do highlight important areas of prisoner need and potential areas of research interest to consider in future large-scale investigations.
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Halverson, Lance Hale. "Addiction and the gospel." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Dassanayake, Ashlea Fiona. "Dual dopamine/serotonin treatment approach for addictive behaviour." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7945.
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Illicit drug abuse and addiction is a major problem in New Zealand and worldwide with approximately 12% of illicit drug users classified as having drug dependence or drug-use disorders. The chronically relapsing nature of drug addiction is a prominent feature of this disorder and a significant barrier to treating addiction. Amphetamine-type drugs, more than any other class of drugs, have seen an increase in global usage since the early 1990's. The lack of approved medications for the treatment of stimulant addiction together with an increasing treatment demand drives the need for pharmaceutical intervention. Substitute treatment approaches primarily focus on the dopamine (DA) system. However, several lines of research implicate a dual role for serotonin (5-HT). Using a benztropine (BZT) analogue, JHW 007 (JHW), and an atypical antidepressant, trazodone (TRAZ), we sought to test whether the combined modulation of DA and 5-HT during a period of extinction produced greater attenuation to drug-induced reinstatement compared to either DA or 5-HT alone. One hundred and two (102) male Long Evans rats were tested using an extinction-reinstatement model of methamphetamine (MA) addiction in conditioned place preference (CPP) (n=72) and self-administration (n=30) experimental designs. We hypothesised that a combined DA/5-HT treatment would further attenuate MA-induced reinstatement. Findings showed that JHW significantly attenuated MA-induced reinstatement in our self-administration model but not CPP, while TRAZ failed to significantly attenuate reinstatement in both experiments. The combination treatment group showed a mild attenuation to drug seeking with CPP, but this finding was not significant. Due to time restrictions, we did not test the combination group using a self-administration procedure. Unfortunately we were unable to fully address our initially proposed hypothesis, but our results with JHW add further support to this BZT analogue as a promising stimulant abuse medication.
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Kellett, Susan K. "An investigation into joyriding as an addictive behaviour." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7289.
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This thesis describes an investigation into the type of car crime often referred to as 'joyriding'. Stealing a car for the fun of driving can be carried out quite excessively, and this has led to a number of anecdotal comments that joyriding may be 'addictive'. This has particularly been the case in Northern Ireland, where many joyriders have continued in the behaviour despite the threat or experience of serious paramilitary punishment. However, whilst several studies of car crime have alluded to the suggestion that some joyriders appear to be addicted to the behaviour, research conducted to specifically investigate this phenomenon has been scant. The present study therefore explores this notion further by exploring joyriding within the context of an addiction model. Following 10 pilot interviews with a total of 33 young offenders, the main study consisted of 76 semi-structured interviews conducted with 54 convicted joyriders (aged between 15-21 years), 12 professionals with care and control of joyriders, plus 11 non joyriding young offenders; the sample being drawn from both the Midlands and Northern Ireland. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and a qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken using QSR NUD *IST software. The career of the joyrider is presented in terms of how it maps on to the career pattern of (other) potentially addictive behaviours from initiation through to cessation of the behaviour. Discussion considers how the activity can be understood within the context of a deviant subculture, as well as an investigation of possible dependency to joyriding by some individuals as defined using DSM IV-type criteria. This analysis is followed by a consideration of how notions of `addiction', and 'addiction to joyriding', are perceived by the respondents, and how these notions compare with the 'diagnostic' criteria. Finally, the process of stopping joyriding is discussed within Prochaska and DiClemente's (1984) stages of change model, and related intervention strategies are suggested for the rehabilitation of joyriders at each of the hypothesised stages of change.
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Eccles, Susan Alice. "Women and addictive consumption in the UK." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369464.
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Yoon, SangHo. "Essays on addiction, myopia, and inconsistency." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3449.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 154. Thesis director: Laurence R. Iannaccone. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-153). Also issued in print.
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Toussaint, L., J. R. Webb, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-Forgiveness, Addiction, and Recovery." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/470.
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Book Summary: The present volume is a ground-breaking and agenda-setting investigation of the psychology of self-forgiveness. It brings together the work of expert clinicians and researchers working within the field, to address questions such as: Why is self-forgiveness so difficult? What contexts and psychological experiences give rise to the need for self-forgiveness? What approaches can therapists use to help people process difficult experiences that elicit guilt, shame and self-condemnation? How can people work through their own failures and transgressions? Assembling current theories and findings, this unique resource reviews and advances our understanding of self-forgiveness, and its potentially critical function in interpersonal relationships and individual emotional and physical health. The editors begin by exploring the nature of self-forgiveness. They consider its processes, causes, and effects, how it may be measured, and its potential benefits to theory and psychotherapy. Expert clinicians and researchers then examine self-forgiveness in its many facets; as a response to guilt and shame, a step toward processing transgressions, a means of reducing anxiety, and an essential component of, or, under some circumstances a barrier to, psychotherapeutic intervention. Contributors also address self-forgiveness as applied to diverse psychosocial contexts such as addiction and recovery, couples and families, healthy aging, the workplace, and the military.
Among the topics in the Handbook: An evolutionary approach to shame-based self-criticism, self-forgiveness and compassion. Working through psychological needs following transgressions to arrive at self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness and health: a stress-and-coping model. Self-forgiveness and personal and relational well-being. Self-directed intervention to promote self-forgiveness. Understanding the role of forgiving the self in the act of hurting oneself.
The Handbook of the Psychology of Self-Forgiveness serves many healing professionals. It covers a wide range of problems for which individuals often seek help from counselors, clergy, social workers, psychologists and physicians. Research psychologists, philosophers, and sociologists studying self-forgiveness will also find it an essential handbook that draws together the advances made over the past several decades, and identifies important directions for the road ahead.
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Nelson, David L. "Toward a theology of addiction." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Schiff, Holly Ann. "Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption as Addictive Behaviors in Emerging Adults." Thesis, Hofstra University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10745921.
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While not all emerging adults engage in risky behavior, for those who do, there may be a pattern based on family structure, socioeconomic status, and religiosity. The goal of the present study was to investigate gender differences in addictive risk-taking behavior while examining the relation between family structure, socioeconomic status, religiosity and addictive risk-taking behavior in emerging adults. Although many risk-taking behaviors are not addictive in nature, the focus of the present study was of those which are. Addictive risk-taking behaviors, for the purposes of this study, were defined as alcohol use and smoking of cigarettes and e-cigarettes; also known as vaping. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire measuring alcohol use and smoking habits. Religiosity was considered as a covariate of risky behavior. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was used to examine alcohol use. The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) was used to measure addiction. The National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) was used to assess smoking behavior. The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) was used to measure dimensions of religious involvement and religiosity. The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS) was used to assess response bias. The Family Affluence Scale II (FAS) was used to measure socioeconomic status. The Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8) was used to measure sensation seeking. Analyses of data were conducted utilizing regression analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests of association. The results of the study confirmed several of the factors that have been identified in previous research as being related to increased involvement in risk-taking behavior by emerging adults, and identified further gaps in research. The key findings were that males smoke and use e-cigarettes more than females, that males are more likely than females to become problem drinkers, that coming from a single-parent or two-parent household is not significantly related to engaging in risky behaviors, that having a higher socioeconomic status correlates with higher drinking rates, that religiosity does not significantly correlate with engagement in risky behaviors, that sensation seeking is significantly correlated with risky behaviors, and that race/ethnicity is not significantly correlated with risky behaviors. The most unusual findings were those related to the relationship between family structure and engagement in risky behaviors and the correlation between higher SES and higher drinking rates, as they diverged from previous findings in the literature. Overall, the study also yielded a combined model of SES, gender, and family structure that was significantly predictive of both drinking and smoking. The results of the study were not significantly skewed by social desirability. This study has both academic and practical significance in that it can inform prevention and education programs which can target these youths so this population does not engage in addictive risk-taking behaviors such as using alcohol, and cigarettes, further validate the instruments utilized in this study, and add to the body of literature relating to the theory of emerging adults and engagement in addictive risky behavior.
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Bryant, Tessa Louise. "Deliberate self-harm as an addictive behaviour : a systematic analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433880.
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Cimino, Silvia, Carlos A. Almenara, Luca Cerniglia, Avinash Desousa, and Angelo G. I. Maremmani. "Contemporary Perspective on Addictive Behaviors: Underpinning Mechanisms, Assessment, and Treatment." Hindawi, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624011.
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BALFOUR, MARGARET E. "SEXUAL BEHAVIOR CAUSES ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF MESOLIMBIC SYSTEMS: NEUROBIOLOGY OF MOTIVATION AND REWARD." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1060620529.
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Collie, Christin. "Gaming Behaviors in Day-to-Day Life: Exploring a Problematic Gaming Behavior Scale." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3496.
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Growing concern for the problematic use of video games has prompted new research in a now growing field of literature. Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a proposed behavioral addiction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). To examine the proposed criteria for IGD, a self-report problematic gaming behavior scale (PGBS) was developed for adults residing in the United States. One hundred eighty-nine participants completed an online questionnaire comprised of demographic items, general gaming information, the PGBS, and the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 Test (IGD-20 Test). Statistical analyses conducted at the conclusion of the study were consistent with previous research on the PGBS. Cronbach’s alpha was .908 for the 19-item PGBS, one item was removed to improve reliability. Exploratory factor analysis strongly indicated a 1-factor structure to the PGBS. Logistic regression models were fit to analyze the predictive value of the PGBS total score. The PBGS total score did not predict positive endorsement of any of the four outcome items.
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Djamshidian-Tehrani, A. "Pathological gambling and other addictive behaviours in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1399121/.
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The phenomenology of impulsive compulsive behaviours in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with dopaminergic therapy has been reviewed. Neuropsychological studies have been conducted to explore the behavioural mechanisms responsible for these socially devastating disorders, which affect a substantial proportion of treated patients. Results demonstrated that poor information sampling and impaired working memory capacity, especially when mental manipulation of information was required, distinguish PD patients with impulsive compulsive behaviours from those without. A direct comparison to non PD-patients with addictions revealed that impulsive PD patients closely resembled illicit drug abusers, whereas non-impulsive PD patients treated with a dopamine agonist performed similarly to pathological gamblers. PD patients who were not taking dopamine agonists performed as well as healthy volunteers, even when treated with deep brain stimulation. Therefore, dopamine agonists are the single most important risk factor for impulsive choice in PD. Conversely, response inhibition and feedback learning were intact in medicated PD patients with impulsive compulsive behaviours. Furthermore, all PD patients became more risk prone after dopaminergic medication, but greater salivary cortisol release only correlated with risk taking behaviour in the PD group with behavioural addictions. Cortisol plays also a prominent role in stress regulation. Therefore, the literature was reviewed to explore links between emotional stress and PD.