Relevant bibliographies by topics / Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) – Social conditions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) – Social conditions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) – Social conditions"

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Almedom, Astier M., and Alexander de Waal. "Constraints on weaning: evidence from Ethiopia and Sudan." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 4 (October 1990): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018897.

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SummaryEvidence on infant weaning processes provided by field research in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and among a refugee population of Eritreans in the Sudan is presented. The study in Addis Ababa, where households were economically disadvantaged but the situation was nutritionally stable, allowed the identification of factors constraining weaning, which includes both the introduction of supplementary foods and the termination of breastfeeding. While the timing of each aspect of weaning was the outcome of the interaction between mother and infant factors, ‘infant-centred’ factors were more important in the commencement and ‘mother-centred’ factors in the completion of weaning. The refugee population had in normal times a similar weaning regime, but under the unstable conditions of flight and life in a refugee camp the process had been significantly altered. Investigation of the factors which have led to altered weaning processes elaborates and confirms the model derived from the Addis Ababa study.
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Lalor, Kevin J. "The victimization of juvenile prostitutes in Ethiopia." International Social Work 43, no. 2 (April 2000): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300208.

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This article quantifies the victimization experienced by 30 juvenile prostitutes in Addis Ababa. Of these, 73 percent had been raped at least once and 93 percent had been beaten in the course of their work. Only 50 percent used contraception, resulting in a pregnancy rate of 37 percent. Findings indicate that prostitution is a lifestyle highly conducive to victimization, fostered by conditions of extreme deprivation. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
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Mulugeta, Kidist, Hone Mandefro, and Ajanaw Alemie. "Vulnerability, Legal Protection, and Work Conditions of Female Domestic Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 532–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23674.

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Domestic workers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers. In Ethiopia, however, the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers are not well-documented and researched. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional qualitative research design was employed using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study participants were 15 domestic workers, three officials from the Office of Labor and Social Affairs, and five brokers of domestic workers. Findings indicate that female domestic workers experienced abuse in various forms including verbal or psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault. Female domestic workers in the study area had few or no labor rights or protection. They rarely had clear contractual relations, worked long hours for low pay, and had little or no privacy. There is neither a proper state institution to promote the rights of domestic workers nor a strong viable movement among or on behalf of domestic workers. Hence, a relevant legislative framework developed by the city and national governments, and strong advocacy efforts to expose their working conditions are needed to improve the work conditions of female domestic workers.
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Kefeni, Elzabeth Girma, and Walelegn Worku Yallew. "Communal latrine utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.098.

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Abstract Despite the quick urban population growth increased volume of wastes, including human excreta, which demands an expanded need of infrastructure, solid institutional setup and communities' engagement for management of safe disposal of excreta, arrangement of such basic social services has not developed as per the rate of population growth. Mostly, communal latrines are inclined towards an absence of cleanliness, as they accommodate many people beyond their capacity, filling up septic tanks quickly. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 817 randomly selected communal latrine user households, five focus group discussions and four key informant interviews were analysed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to discover the impact of different factors on the use of communal latrines. The findings revealed that the rate of communal latrine use in Addis Ababa was about 79.8%. Unhygienic conditions, latrine emptying challenges, extreme smell, number of family units sharing the same squats, and latrine designs for the aged and children were identified as barriers to latrine utilization. This study suggests that, in parallel with the continued investments to increase access to sanitary facilities in the city, the management and behavioural change part has likewise to be stressed for better use and sustainability.
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Deyassa, Kassaye Gudeta. "To what extent does China’s aid in Africa affect traditional donors?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 5/6 (June 10, 2019): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the welfare and social policy ideas that characterize Chinese aid in Africa are influencing traditional donors and becoming global. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilised a qualitative study that has two main components: first, a comprehensive content analysis of over 50 key Sino–African, Chinese and Western policy documents from 2000 (since cooperation between Beijing and African countries first became institutionalised); and, second, there were semi-structured interviews with Chinese, African and Western stakeholders in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), who were directly involved in the relationship between China and Africa and related development issues. Findings The results of documentation and interview analyses show that there are currently significant differences between Chinese and Western approaches. China has developed much stronger and more explicit links between development aid and economic activity than most Western donors. The aid is usually implemented through specific projects rather than broader programmes or policies. Originality/value It is reasonable to assume that the new developments initiated by the Agency’s international pioneers are likely to be a new emerging trend. As the conditions and processes of social policy design in developing countries are so closely linked with the ideas of international development institutions (if not predetermined), a possible change in the direction of travel of the ideas and activities of this community requires close coordination analysis and evaluation.
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Kwast, Barbara E., Roger W. Rochat, and Widad Kidane-Mariam. "Maternal Mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Studies in Family Planning 17, no. 6 (November 1986): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1966906.

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Gidebo, Frehaileab Admasu, and Janusz Szpytko. "Reliability Assessment of the Transport System, Addis Ababa Case Study." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0073.

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Abstract The subject of the article is the method of assessing the reliability of the transport system on the example of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. The transport system and its technical condition, transport infrastructure, organization of the transport system, environment (users, environmental and climatic conditions), and legal provisions, have a significant impact on the reliability of the transport system. The most common means of transport in Addis Ababa is a car (including: taxis and minibuses). An important problem in public transport is the long waiting time for the vehicles, resulting from random events accompanying transportation processes in a defined infrastructure with limited resources. The article presents also the concept of a transport system availability model for developing countries on the example of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.
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Gelaw, M., T. Genebo, A. Dejene, E. Lemma, and G. Eyob. "Attitude and social consequences of tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." East African Medical Journal 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i7.9014.

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Kebede, Wassie, and Alice K. Butterfield. "Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia." International Social Work 52, no. 3 (May 2009): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808102069.

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English Social networks are social capital for poor women living in a slum neighborhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Based on neighborhood, friendship, kinship, gender and ethnic ties, informal networks provide social, emotional and financial support. Social network analysis is a promising method for community development and participatory social work in Africa. French Les réseaux sociaux représentent un capital social pour les femmes pauvres qui vivent dans les bidonvilles à Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie. Basés sur des liens de voisinage, d’amitié, de parenté, de genre et de culture, les réseaux informels apportent un soutien social, affectif et financier. L’analyse du réseau social est une méthode prometteuse pour le développement communautaire et le travail social participatif en Afrique. Spanish Las redes sociales son de suma importancia para las mujeres pobres que viven en los barrios de pocos recursos de Addis Abeba, Etiopía. Basadas en barrios, amistades, relaciones, géneros y lazos étnicos, las redes informales proveen ayuda social, emocional y financiera. El análisis de las redes sociales es un método promisorio para el desarrollo de las comunidades y el trabajo social participativo en África.
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Degefa, Demoze. "Social Scientists’ Understanding of Academic Freedom in Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia." Higher Education for the Future 2, no. 1 (January 2015): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631114558181.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) – Social conditions"

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Cheru, Tesfaye Gudeta. "Assessment of job satisfaction amongst physicians working in Public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8220.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Introduction The Human Resource Strategic Plan of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health lists current health workforce problems as a high attrition rate among public service physicians, poor human resource management, non-conducive working conditions and high workloads. In Addis Ababa's public hospitals, the turnover of physicians is high and - as repeatedly and informally reported by hospital managers - the presence of the contributory factors listed above are also anecdotally thought to be present. These factors present a serious challenge to the delivery of high quality health care services and their presence indicates that the job satisfaction of physicians is likely to be low. However, factors responsible for job dissatisfaction among physicians and their implications for staff turnover have not been studied or documented in the context of Ethiopia's health system. It was this scenario that motivated the researcher to conduct this study in order to assist policy makers in taking appropriate actions, if and as required. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the level of job satisfaction, the factors influencing job satisfaction and the consequences of job satisfaction among physicians in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objectives: • To describe the job satisfaction levels of physicians in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia • To identify factors affecting the job satisfaction levels of physicians • To assess possible consequences linked to physicians' job satisfaction levels. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction, composed of 65 individual variables grouped within 13 dimensions and adapted to the Ethiopian context from the Job Descriptive Index and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. An additional questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables and the possible consequences of low job satisfaction. Analysis: A composite job satisfaction score was obtained by summing the individual answers for each of the variables to assess overall job satisfaction. Bivariate analysis was undertaken, using 2X2 tables (with 95% confidence intervals) to calculate the prevalence ratio for each of the potential causes and consequences of low job satisfaction, using the composite score cut-off levels of job satisfaction. Multivariate analysis was undertaken to obtain the adjusted prevalence odds ratios for both the potential causes and consequences of low job satisfaction, using multiple logistic regression analysis.
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Di, Nunzio Marco. "'The Arada have been eaten' : living through marginality in Addis Ababa's inner city." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:087b3057-1484-496f-b5cd-f24adcdebc21.

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This thesis examines marginality as a regime of interconnectedness. Drawing on the ethnographic material from a 16-month-fieldwork between October 2009 and December 2010 on the street economy and streetlife in Arada, the old city centre of Addis Ababa’s inner city, I argue that marginalized subjects are not to be seen as social actors that inhabit and create alternative and parallel social, political and economic realities away from the mainstream society. Rather, the way the urban poor are connected and integrated in the broader political economy of the Ethiopian urban society frames and defines modalities, forms and experiences of marginality. From this perspective, this thesis focuses on the on-going reconfiguration of the street economy in Addis Ababa’s inner city. Since the early 2000s, the increasing concern with poverty reduction and good governance in the development agenda has concurred with the attempts of the ruling party to expand its machinery of political control and mobilization at the grassroots of urban society. In this context, under the impact of development programs promoting the establishment of small-scale enterprises, the street economy has undergone a pervasive process of formalization and politicization that has come to advance the realization of an authoritarian form of developmental state, while imposing a regime of unskilled and badly paid labour on the street. This thesis examines this process by looking at the history of streetlife in Arada, as a terrain of social, economic and political practice, and it recounts the everyday life and life trajectories of those involved in the street economy. In particular, I look at how the political reconfiguration of the street economy has come to intertwine with the way living through marginality and dealing with forms of social inequality on the street have been historically conceptualized and experienced in Addis Ababa’s inner city.
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Nallet, Clélie. "Classes moyennes éthiopiennes : étude empirique d'une assignation catégorielle incertaine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0064/document.

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Au cours des années 2010, les « classes moyennes africaines » sont progressivement devenues une référence catégorielle des sphères économiques et politiques internationales. La catégorie, associée systématiquement à des corrélations positives non validées de développement économique et politique, fait l'objet de divers travaux d'identification et de typification de la part d'acteurs extérieurs (organisations internationales de développement, cabinets de conseil en investissement, etc.). Si ces derniers n'hésitent pas à affirmer l'émergence de « classes moyennes africaines », nous ne pouvons que souligner le caractère incantatoire de telles affirmations, qui relèvent plus d'un « jeu de fabricants » visant à dessiner un monde en « émergence » que de validations empiriques probantes.Ce travail de thèse se base sur un pari : user d’une affectation catégorielle particulièrement incertaine « classes moyennes africaines » afin d’élaborer une méthodologie permettant d’identifier des mutations sociales structurelles sous-jacentes en Éthiopie. Par une étude empirique de l'espace social intermédiaire d'Addis-Abeba, il s'agit de soumettre ces mutations à analyse pour en comprendre les fondements, les formes et processus de constitution et les impacts potentiels sur la société et le politique du pays
Since the year 2010, the term “African Middle Classes” has increasingly become a categorical reference in the international economic and political arena. This category, which has systematically been associated with a positive but unverified correlation of economic and political development, represents the object of diverse identification and typification projects by external actors (such as international development organizations, investment consultancy firms etc.). While the latter do not hesitate to affirm the emergence of the phenomenon of “African Middle Classes”, we cannot but underline the incantatory character of these affirmations. The emergence is more linked to a “producers’ game”, inclined to sketch out an « emerging world », than to empirical evidence.This doctoral research is based on the challenging task of using the particularly elusive and projected category of the « African Middle Classes » to develop a methodology that helps to identify the structural social changes that are shaping Ethiopia nowadays. Grounded in an empirical case study of the intermediate social space in Addis Ababa, this work aims to analyse the foundations, forms and construction processes, as well as the potential impact that these changes have on the Ethiopian society and the political system
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Nigusso, Fikadu Tadesse. "Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10191.

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This quantitative, descriptive study investigated risk factors for MDR-TB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 439 medical records belonging to MDR-TB and non MDR-TB patients managed in public health centres from January 2008 to December 2011 were analysed. Data were transcribed from each TB patient‟s medical records using a specifically designed checklist. The findings revealed that male gender, previous history of TB treatment, poor treatment adherence, an outcome of failure after TB re-treatment, previous category of failure, pulmonary involvement of TB infection and HIV infection were associated with MDR-TB. The findings illustrate that efforts should be made to prioritise the development and implementation of effective MDR TB screening and treatment protocols for these high risk groups to improve treatment outcome and minimize the emergence of XDR TB.
Health Studies
M. Public Health
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Woldeyohannes, Moges Jemaneh. "The roles and challenges of household care giving in child headed households affected by HIV/AIDS : the case of 10 child households heads in Addis Ababa." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3484.

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Ethiopia faces large and growing numbers of child household heads, mainly due to AIDS-related parental deaths. Many of them are vulnerable to abuse and are forced to look after themselves and their siblings, drop out of school and find work. This exploratory study employed qualitative research methods using purposive sampling. The aim was to ascertain how child household heads affected by AIDS adapted to changed life circumstances. The study entailed fieldwork for five weeks in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, where evidence was gathered from 10 selected households headed by children (aged 12 to18), their siblings and key informants. It was found that all the children in the study are in dismal living conditions although some reported feelings of satisfaction and happiness. The need to provide special recognition and support to child household heads and their siblings by policy makers and service providers in Ethiopia is highlighted.
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
Social Work
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Melaku, Lude Abiy. "The social dislocation of and social support for female street children engaged in commercial sex work : an explorative study in the Addis Ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19563.

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In this study semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with sixteen female street children aged 15 to 18, who were engaged in commercial sex work. These children were conveniently selected to explore the social dislocation of and social support for female street children engaged in commercial sex work. In addition, two focus group discussions consisting of nine female street children each, as well as seven key informant individual interviews, were conducted. This study found that female children engaged in commercial sex work experienced a high degree of social dislocation and that the children who participated in this study tended to create their own communities and isolated themselves from the broader community in which they lived. This study further found that different support programmes had been introduced to alleviate the problems experienced by these children and that a number of organisations delivered support services to address their needs.
Sociology
M. A. (Sociology)
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Minas, Anteneh Girma. "Social cognitive strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding practices among primiparous mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23116.

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Background: The health benefits and economic gains of exclusive breastfeeding for the mothers and the new-born are well-documented in the literature as discussed in the background and the rationale for this study. The effectiveness of the social cognitive based interventions in promoting breastfeeding among women in general is also documented. However, there is lack of evidence regarding social-cognitive strategies that could be used to promote exclusive breastfeeding practices among primiparous mothers in Ethiopia means that current exclusive breastfeeding promotion interventions or strategies may not produce the expected outcomes. This assumption seems to be supported by low rate of early initiation of breastfeeding in country (52.1% instead of at least 75% as recommended by WHO) and shorter period of breastfeeding (one month) among mothers in Addis Ababa (CSA and ICF 2012) despite various strategies and interventions that have been implemented. Aims: The study was conducted with the aim of determining the social-cognitive predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers during the first six months post-delivery with the view of developing social-cognitive strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding practices among primiparous mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Research design and method: The study was carried out within the quantitative positivist paradigm. The study was divided into two phases. The researcher used quantitative longitudinal, descriptive, exploratory and correlational designs to determine the social cognitive predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia within the first six months post-delivery. The results of the first phase assisted the researcher to design social-cognitive strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers using a Delphi survey. A Delphi survey design was used to assist the researcher to develop the social-cognitive strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers. It consisted of three rounds of mailed self-completion questionnaires. The Delphi was supported with critical review and synthesis of literature throughout the strategies’ development process. Descriptive summary statistics were used to analyse the prenatal breastfeeding behaviour of 141 primiparous mothers followed from the last antenatal care visits up to six months after delivery. Bivariate correlational and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the social cognitive determinants and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding within the first hour post-delivery and six months thereafter. Findings: Positive breastfeeding outcome expectancy and high breastfeeding self-efficacy were identified as the independent social cognitive predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers in Ethiopia. These predictors were used to develop social cognitive strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding, which comprise six main components: (1) scientific evidence for the strategies, (2) the rationale for the strategies, (3) the aim of the strategies, (4) the scope of the strategies, (5) the guiding principles, and (6) the key results areas. These strategies were developed and validated with the inputs from 37 experts on breastfeeding and social cognitive theory. Two key results areas (build individual capacity for exclusive breastfeeding and create an enabling environment) and five strategic objectives were formulated and validated. Conclusions: The successful implementation of the social cognitive strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia as described above will require among others (1) in-service training on social cognitive skills for healthcare providers with focus on how to build self-efficacy and outcome expectancy, (2) the development of self-efficacy and outcome expectance assessments tools relevant to the Ethiopian context, and (3) additional support and resources from the healthcare managers. Recommendations: To the researcher recommend that programs aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices among primiparous mothers should be based on the combined attributes of positive social cognitive outcome expectance and high breastfeeding self-efficacy. Further research is needed to develop assessment tools for breastfeeding self-efficacy and outcome expectancy before the implementation of the proposed strategies.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Meshesha, Mereid Getachew. "The socioeconomic and psychological effects of khat chewing in Addis Ababa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26320.

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Background - Khat is a mild stimulant plant chewed by a limited segment of the population mainly in the eastern parts of Ethiopia for social facilitation and religious purposes. In recent decades, the use of khat has spread to all parts of the country and its social, economic and political impact has increased significantly at national level. In cities like Addis Ababa, the traditional purposes are superseded and it is now chewed mainly for recreational purposes. Following this development, many people have raised concerns on the potentially adverse socioeconomic and psychological effects of khat on the current generation, particularly the youth. The main issues raised are the misuse of income, the waste of productive time on chewing khat, and the adverse consequences on family cohesion and health. Those who argue in favor of khat cite its positive impact on increasing productivity, high economic returns and traditional values. These arguments on khat are not based on substantiated evidence and this research attempted to answer this question by assessing the ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ socioeconomic and psychological effects of khat on the chewers living in Addis Ababa. Drug control policies intersect with much of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Ethiopia has not yet developed a policy on khat. This research intends to make its contribution to the development of the policy by highlighting the socioeconomic and psychological effects on the chewers. Objective –To assess the effects of khat on the income; use of time/time management/; productivity, and psychological well-being of chewers in the city of Addis Ababa. The study is related to policies of Ethiopia in relation to the production, marketing and consumption of khat. It makes policy recommendations based on the assessed costs and benefits. Methodology - The study, using snowball sampling, was conducted in 2018 with 84 khat users. The data collection methods employed were structured questionnaire focus group discussions, narrations of life stories and interviews with key informants. An extensive literature review was also conducted. Result – Respondents reported the diversion of financial resources to purchase khat compromising other personal and family needs and a waste of working hours on chewing khat. There were mixed results found on its effects on productivity. Users also reported that khat made them vulnerable to other addictions such as alcohol, cigarettes and hard drugs and to a number of social and psychological problems. Conclusion - Khat has a significant adverse impact on income and the efficient use of time of chewers. The findings on the effect on productivity are inconclusive. The reported physical and psychological effects on productivity need to be scientifically proven. Chronic use of khat is detrimental to mental health and leads to other serious health consequences. It distorts social and family relationships and inhibits the ability of the chewer to significantly execute his/her social responsibilities. It hurts the self-esteem of the chewers and makes them lose a sense of purpose in their lives. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a national policy on khat. However, a comprehensive study should be conducted to exploit the potential benefits of khat (mood lifting and medicinal values) by using khat in a modest and controlled way. The social and economic interest of the suppliers; its religious and cultural significance, and environmental impacts should also be considered.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Desalegn, Tariku Berhanu. "Urban and peri-urban EcoHealth markers and health promotion intervention in Addis Ababa Ethiopia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13791.

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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the EcoHealth markers and health promotion interventions in the behaviour and practices of vegetables growers in Addis Ababa. The objectives were to assess the urban and peri-urban community members’ knowledge and practices on the existing environmental health policies/regulations/guidelines, assess the perspectives of women and youth on urban and peri-urban EcoHealth promotions and protections and evaluate the development and implementation of the health promotion activities on waste water use by applying an ecological model aimed at changing behaviour and by providing Bio-sand filter to promote hand wash practice which helps to reduce potential health risks among urban vegetable growers. Both quantitative and qualitative descriptive researches were conducted to identify the urban and peri urban community members’ knowledge and practices of the existing environmental health regulators and the perspectives of women and the youth on EcoHealth. Additional quasi experimental method; multiple baseline survey along with the EcoHealth Stress Process promotion method was employed to identify stressors, measure changes in environmental health promotion intervention and use of hand wash (biosand filter for hand wash). Six woredas from two subcities of the Addis Ababa City Administration were purposely selected, and a total of 845 (98.9% response rate) households participated in the quantitative study, while 142 community members (public sector offices, factories and establishments’ management and employee), participated in the qualitative survey. For quasi experimental method, six settings/blocks (of which 3 sites were provided with a bio-sand filter for hand washing) cultivated by 6 to 8 vegetable growers and their family members, were included in the intervention (multiple baseline survey). The findings revealed that about 77 percent of participants reported, knowledge of one or more of the selected environmental health and EcoHealth regulations. Ownership of assets and education tend to influence the public awareness of selected EcoHealth and environmental health regulations. Women and youth found to be significant contributors to better urban and peri-urban EcoHealth conditions and were the ones primarily affected by environmental hazards. The intervention study results also indicated evidence-based IEC interventions and ecological health promotion methods proved useful in promoting EcoHealth in an urban environment. Moreover, the biosand filter used to provide evidence of health promotion was found to be valuable for wastewater treatment and significantly reduced chemical, physical and biological contaminates from the wastewater.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Hailegeorgis, Difabachew Setegn. "Situation analysis of perceptions on comprehensiveness of rape prevention interventions by implementing agencies in Addis Ababa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26578.

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Abstract in English, Xhosa and Afrikaans
The victimization of women and children represents one of the public health problems deserving urgent attention in Ethiopia, making the prevention of rape in all its forms a matter of vital importance. The purpose of the study was mainly to describe the extent of rape prevention interventions in Addis Ababa and examine efforts to assist rape survivors based on the perceptions of professionals working for organizations operating in this context. The study had a further purpose of identifying difficulties faced by government institutions and making suitable recommendations for the improvement of rape prevention interventions and programs in the future. A qualitative descriptive research approach was adopted mainly involving in-depth interviews for primary data collection. The study involved 14 research participants purposively selected from five government institutions. The study findings indicated Gandhi Memorial Hospital to be the only institution in Ethiopia implementing an integrated rape prevention intervention. Efforts were directed largely at secondary prevention, with little attention being paid to primary prevention. Recommendations included tackling the multiple factors influencing rape at different levels of the social-ecological model simultaneously through the implementation, strengthening, and intensification of well-designed, comprehensive rape prevention interventions and programs.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwabafazi nabantwana e-Ethiopia kufana nenye yeengxaki zempilo kwaye kudinga ukuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokungxamisekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuthintela ukudlwengulwa ngazo zonke iindlela kube ngumbandela obaluleke kakhulu. Injongo yesi sifundo ibikukucacisa iindlela zokuthintela ukudlwengulwa eAddis Ababa, nokuvavanya imizamo yokunceda abo bakhe badlwengulwa, ngokokubona kwabo basebenzela amaqumrhu aququzelela lo msebenzi. Enye injongo yesi sifundo ibikukuchonga ubunzima obufunyanwa ngamaziko aseburhulumenteni ajongene neli candelo ukuze kunikwe iingcebiso zokuphucula amacebo neenkqubo zokuthintela ukudlwengulwa. Kuqhutywe uhlobo lophando lomgangatho nolucacisayo, apho kuqokelelwe iinkcukacha zolwazi ngokwenza udliwano ndlebe olunzulu. Kusetyenzwe nabathathi nxaxheba abali-14 abakhethwe ngobuchule kumaziko aseburhulumenteni ama-5. Okufunyaniswe sesi sifundo kubonakalise ukuba isibhedlele esiyiGandhi Memorial siso sodwa esinenkqubo elungelelaniswe kakuhle yokuthintela ukudlwengulwa. Imigudu yokhukhusela ijoliswe ekuncedeni kwiziqhamo zodlwengulo nasekufundiseni ngodlwengulo (secondary prevention) hayi kudlwengulo ngqo (primary prevention). Amacebiso esifundo aquka ukulwa neemeko eziphembelela udlwengulo olwenzeka kumazinga ahlukeneyo oluntu, ngaxeshanye nokuqinisa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo eziqulunqwe kakuhle zokuthintela udlwengulo.
Die viktimisering van vroue en kinders is een van talle kwessies in die openbare gesondheid van Ethiopië wat dringend aandag vereis, aangesien die voorkoming van verkragting in enige vorm van die allergrootste belang is. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die omvang te bepaal van intervensies om verkragting in Addis Abeba te voorkom, en om die hulp wat aan verkragtingslagoffers verleen word, te ondersoek op grond van die belewenisse van beroepslui wat in hierdie verband vir organisasies werk. Hierdie studie het dit verder ten doel gehad om die probleme aan te toon waarmee staatsinstellings in hierdie opsig te kampe het, en om beter intervensies en programme vir die voorkoming van verkragting aan te beveel. ʼn Kwalitatiewe en deskriptiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg. Dit het omvattende onderhoude behels waartydens primêre data versamel is. Altesame 14 deelnemers by vyf staatsinstellings is vir hierdie doel gekies. Volgens die bevindings is die Gandhi Gedenkhospitaal die enigste instelling in Ethiopië wat ʼn geïntegreerde program vir die voorkoming van verkragting ingestel het. Sekondêre voorkoming geniet voorrang, terwyl primêre voorkoming min aandag geniet. Daar word aanbeveel dat tegelykertyd werk gemaak word van die veelvuldige faktore wat verkragting op verskillende vlakke van die sosiaal-ekologiese model beïnvloed. Dit moet gedoen word deur deeglik ontwerpte, omvattende intervensies en programme om verkragting te voorkom in werking te stel, uit te bou en te verskerp.
Sociology
M.A. (Sociology)
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Books on the topic "Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) – Social conditions"

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Benti, Getahun. Addis Ababa: Migration and the making of a multiethnic metropolis,1941-1974. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2007.

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Addis Ababa: Migration and the making of a multiethnic metropolis,1941-1974. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2007.

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Dirasse, Laketch. The commoditization of the female sexuality: Prostitution and socio-economic relations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. New York: AMS Press, 1992.

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Women in Law and Development in Africa., ed. African women's perspectives and expectations of the BPFA: African NGO report at the Sixth African Regional Conference on Women : 22-26 November 1999, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Harare]: WiLDAF, 1999.

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International, Policy Conference on the African Child and the Family (1st 2004 Addis Ababa Ethiopia). The African Child Policy Forum: International Policy Conference on the African Child and the Family : record of the conference proceedings, African Union Conference Hall, May 21-22, 2004, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: African Child Policy Forum, 2004.

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Tekola, Bethlehem. Narratives of three prostitutes in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa: CERTWID, Addis Ababa University, 2002.

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Addis Ababa: The evolution of an urban African cultural landscape. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.

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John, Little, ed. The hospital by the river: A story of hope. Oxford, UK: Monarch, 2004.

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1942-, Little John, ed. The hospital by the river: A story of hope. Sydney, [Australia]: Pan Macmillan Australia, 2001.

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African Economic Conference (2007 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). African Economic Conference 2007: Opportunities and challenges of development for Africa in the global arena : 15-17 November 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Addis Ababa]: African Development Bank Group, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) – Social conditions"

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Woldemariam, Berhanu, and Sagie Narsiah. "The Poor and Differential Access to Water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 27–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06022-4_3.

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Leurs, Koen. "Young Connected Migrants and Non-Normative European Family Life." In Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate, 186–208. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch010.

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In the face of the contemporary so-called “European refugee crisis,”' the dichotomies of bodies that are naturalized into technology usage and the bodies that remain alienated from it betray the geographic, racial, and gendered discriminations that digital technologies, despite their claims at neutrality and flatness, continue to espouse. This article argues that “young electronic diasporas” (ye-diasporas) (Donà, 2014) present us with an unique view on how Europe is reimagined from below, as people stake out a living across geographies. The main premise is that young connected migrants' cross-border practices shows they ‘do family' in a way that does not align with the universal European, normative expectations of European family life. The author draws on three symptomatic accounts of young connected migrants that are variably situated geo-politically: 1) Moroccan-Dutch youth in the Netherlands; 2) stranded Somalis awaiting family reunification in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and, 3) working, middle, and upper-class young people of various ethnic and class backgrounds living in London. Narratives shared by members of all three groups indicate meta-categories of the ‘migrant,' ‘user,' and ‘e-diaspora' urgently need to be de-flattened. To do this de-flattening work, new links between migrant studies, feminist and postcolonial theory and digital cultures are forged. In an era of increasing digital connectivity and mobility, transnational families are far from deterritorialized – boundaries and insurmountable distances are often forcibly and painfully felt.
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"inputs in the same regions. Further, some of these areas, especially Shoa, form the industrial backbone of Ethiopia. This is due, of course, to Addis Ababa and its strong gravitational pull on new industries. The danger with such extreme concentrations is that they tend to soak up a wide range of scarce resources. Indeed, from a short run point of view, allocational choices could further exacerbate the position. The availability of a reliable and relatively efficient infrastructure would no doubt invite planners to place important new industrial enterprises in this heartland, just as the need to extract a high marketed proportion from incremental agricultural output would further divert scarce chemical fertilisers to the already developed and high income agricultural regions. And inexorably small-scale industries also prosper in these developed areas. Thus, of the total number 1,485 private manufacturing establishments, 1,164 are located in Addis Ababa, Shoa and Eritrea; these account for 82 per cent of the 15200 persons employed. It is also clear that some agriculturally prosperous regions score well on certain nutritional indicators, while highly industrialised ones do better than most on other indicators which are dependent on urban services. Those which are neither fare poorly. These data also point out the abysmally low general levels of these indicators across the board (see Saith [1983: Tables 2, 3]). One major source of regional disparities lies in the variations in geo-natural conditions. Areas with variable weather are not conducive to agricultural or local industrial growth. The scattered and semi-nomadic populations of Wollo, Hararghe and Sidamo are thus subjected to frequent disasters through droughts which decimate both people and livestock. It has been argued in the case of Wollo and Hararghe that the famines of 1974/5 were due to exchange entitlement failures (see Sen [1981: Chapter 7]). While the stricken population certainly lost most of its purchasing power, this should not hide the fundamentally fragmented nature of the Ethiopian regional economy. This implies a lack of market integration of an extreme kind. Very considerable grain movements would be required in normal times to compensate for the wide regional variations in the degree of self-sufficiency in foodgrains [Ghose, this volume: Table 7]. In theory, the flow of such movements would be governed by regional price variations which would invite food inflows up to a point where the disposition of supplies would equilibrate prices after adjusting for transport costs. Reality appears to follow a rather different course. Tables 1 and 2 reveal remarkably high price differentials across the board. The average quotations are taken from important markets at awraja or woreda levels in October 1981, and hence can be used as an index of market integration. Gojjam displays the lowest variability in intra-regional prices for most crops, while Tigrai, Wollo, Gamo Goffa and Bale seem highly volatile. The food deficit areas expectedly show higher prices, but the differentials are remarkably high, as a comparison of Hararghe and Tigrai with Gojjam and Gondar reveals. The variability is generally greater in the case of the four inferior crops on which the poorer population depends. Thus, teff and wheat have the lowest coefficients of variation, and sorghum the highest. Relative prices of the different crops also alter ranks frequently. Detailed data indicate a remarkably dissimilar price structure and growth rates even between contiguous, well-connected awrajas of the same province, with." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 159–61. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-19.

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