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1
Almedom, Astier M., and Alexander de Waal. "Constraints on weaning: evidence from Ethiopia and Sudan." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 4 (October 1990): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018897.
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SummaryEvidence on infant weaning processes provided by field research in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and among a refugee population of Eritreans in the Sudan is presented. The study in Addis Ababa, where households were economically disadvantaged but the situation was nutritionally stable, allowed the identification of factors constraining weaning, which includes both the introduction of supplementary foods and the termination of breastfeeding. While the timing of each aspect of weaning was the outcome of the interaction between mother and infant factors, ‘infant-centred’ factors were more important in the commencement and ‘mother-centred’ factors in the completion of weaning. The refugee population had in normal times a similar weaning regime, but under the unstable conditions of flight and life in a refugee camp the process had been significantly altered. Investigation of the factors which have led to altered weaning processes elaborates and confirms the model derived from the Addis Ababa study.
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Lalor, Kevin J. "The victimization of juvenile prostitutes in Ethiopia." International Social Work 43, no. 2 (April 2000): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300208.
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This article quantifies the victimization experienced by 30 juvenile prostitutes in Addis Ababa. Of these, 73 percent had been raped at least once and 93 percent had been beaten in the course of their work. Only 50 percent used contraception, resulting in a pregnancy rate of 37 percent. Findings indicate that prostitution is a lifestyle highly conducive to victimization, fostered by conditions of extreme deprivation. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
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Mulugeta, Kidist, Hone Mandefro, and Ajanaw Alemie. "Vulnerability, Legal Protection, and Work Conditions of Female Domestic Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 532–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23674.
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Domestic workers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers. In Ethiopia, however, the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers are not well-documented and researched. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional qualitative research design was employed using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study participants were 15 domestic workers, three officials from the Office of Labor and Social Affairs, and five brokers of domestic workers. Findings indicate that female domestic workers experienced abuse in various forms including verbal or psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault. Female domestic workers in the study area had few or no labor rights or protection. They rarely had clear contractual relations, worked long hours for low pay, and had little or no privacy. There is neither a proper state institution to promote the rights of domestic workers nor a strong viable movement among or on behalf of domestic workers. Hence, a relevant legislative framework developed by the city and national governments, and strong advocacy efforts to expose their working conditions are needed to improve the work conditions of female domestic workers.
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Kefeni, Elzabeth Girma, and Walelegn Worku Yallew. "Communal latrine utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.098.
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Abstract Despite the quick urban population growth increased volume of wastes, including human excreta, which demands an expanded need of infrastructure, solid institutional setup and communities' engagement for management of safe disposal of excreta, arrangement of such basic social services has not developed as per the rate of population growth. Mostly, communal latrines are inclined towards an absence of cleanliness, as they accommodate many people beyond their capacity, filling up septic tanks quickly. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 817 randomly selected communal latrine user households, five focus group discussions and four key informant interviews were analysed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to discover the impact of different factors on the use of communal latrines. The findings revealed that the rate of communal latrine use in Addis Ababa was about 79.8%. Unhygienic conditions, latrine emptying challenges, extreme smell, number of family units sharing the same squats, and latrine designs for the aged and children were identified as barriers to latrine utilization. This study suggests that, in parallel with the continued investments to increase access to sanitary facilities in the city, the management and behavioural change part has likewise to be stressed for better use and sustainability.
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Deyassa, Kassaye Gudeta. "To what extent does China’s aid in Africa affect traditional donors?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 5/6 (June 10, 2019): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2019-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the welfare and social policy ideas that characterize Chinese aid in Africa are influencing traditional donors and becoming global. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilised a qualitative study that has two main components: first, a comprehensive content analysis of over 50 key Sino–African, Chinese and Western policy documents from 2000 (since cooperation between Beijing and African countries first became institutionalised); and, second, there were semi-structured interviews with Chinese, African and Western stakeholders in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), who were directly involved in the relationship between China and Africa and related development issues. Findings The results of documentation and interview analyses show that there are currently significant differences between Chinese and Western approaches. China has developed much stronger and more explicit links between development aid and economic activity than most Western donors. The aid is usually implemented through specific projects rather than broader programmes or policies. Originality/value It is reasonable to assume that the new developments initiated by the Agency’s international pioneers are likely to be a new emerging trend. As the conditions and processes of social policy design in developing countries are so closely linked with the ideas of international development institutions (if not predetermined), a possible change in the direction of travel of the ideas and activities of this community requires close coordination analysis and evaluation.
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Kwast, Barbara E., Roger W. Rochat, and Widad Kidane-Mariam. "Maternal Mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Studies in Family Planning 17, no. 6 (November 1986): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1966906.
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Gidebo, Frehaileab Admasu, and Janusz Szpytko. "Reliability Assessment of the Transport System, Addis Ababa Case Study." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0073.
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Abstract The subject of the article is the method of assessing the reliability of the transport system on the example of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. The transport system and its technical condition, transport infrastructure, organization of the transport system, environment (users, environmental and climatic conditions), and legal provisions, have a significant impact on the reliability of the transport system. The most common means of transport in Addis Ababa is a car (including: taxis and minibuses). An important problem in public transport is the long waiting time for the vehicles, resulting from random events accompanying transportation processes in a defined infrastructure with limited resources. The article presents also the concept of a transport system availability model for developing countries on the example of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.
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Gelaw, M., T. Genebo, A. Dejene, E. Lemma, and G. Eyob. "Attitude and social consequences of tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." East African Medical Journal 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i7.9014.
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Kebede, Wassie, and Alice K. Butterfield. "Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia." International Social Work 52, no. 3 (May 2009): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808102069.
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English Social networks are social capital for poor women living in a slum neighborhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Based on neighborhood, friendship, kinship, gender and ethnic ties, informal networks provide social, emotional and financial support. Social network analysis is a promising method for community development and participatory social work in Africa. French Les réseaux sociaux représentent un capital social pour les femmes pauvres qui vivent dans les bidonvilles à Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie. Basés sur des liens de voisinage, d’amitié, de parenté, de genre et de culture, les réseaux informels apportent un soutien social, affectif et financier. L’analyse du réseau social est une méthode prometteuse pour le développement communautaire et le travail social participatif en Afrique. Spanish Las redes sociales son de suma importancia para las mujeres pobres que viven en los barrios de pocos recursos de Addis Abeba, Etiopía. Basadas en barrios, amistades, relaciones, géneros y lazos étnicos, las redes informales proveen ayuda social, emocional y financiera. El análisis de las redes sociales es un método promisorio para el desarrollo de las comunidades y el trabajo social participativo en África.
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Degefa, Demoze. "Social Scientists’ Understanding of Academic Freedom in Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia." Higher Education for the Future 2, no. 1 (January 2015): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631114558181.
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Fikadu, Girma, and Seblewengel Lemma. "Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension among Teachers and Bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Hypertension 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4143962.
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Background. The social and economic changes taking place in developing countries are influencing the pace at which hypertension and its risk factors are expanding. As opposed to the already established inverse association in developed nations, the association between socioeconomic status and hypertension in developing countries is poor and inconsistent. This study aims to determine the association between socioeconomic status and hypertension among teachers and bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. This study is based on a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the prevalence of NCDs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was undertaken among workers of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and teachers of public schools in 2010.Results. Majority of participants were teachers (70.3%). Most of the respondents (54.1%) earn an annual income between 15,000 ETB and 48,000 ETB, and 51.9% of them have educational status of first degree and above. Among the socioeconomic factors income was strongly associated with the odds of having hypertension (AOR: 2.17 with 95% CI: 1.58–2.98).Conclusions. Higher burden of hypertension is observed among teachers and bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Promotion of healthy behaviors and interventions that target higher income groups needs to be put in place.
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Gimbel, Devon C., and Teklu Bekele Legesse. "Dermatopathology Practice in Ethiopia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0041-ra.
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Context.—Dermatologic diseases are extremely common among the Ethiopian population and are a significant cause of morbidity. However, few studies exist in the literature that describe the incidence and clinical and histologic features of biopsied cutaneous lesions. Objectives.—To categorize the cutaneous diseases observed in skin biopsies at the All African Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center (ALERT) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to describe the clinical and histologic features of dermatopathologic diagnoses most frequently encountered in this practice setting. Data Sources.—Pathology reports of 2342 cutaneous specimens received at ALERT in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were reviewed to determine the range and frequency of cutaneous diseases and dermatoses diagnosed from January 2007 through December 2010. Conclusions.—The range of cutaneous diseases observed in skin biopsies at ALERT was varied and included inflammatory dermatoses (27%), infectious diseases (24%), and malignant and benign cutaneous neoplasms (22% and 20%, respectively). The most common conditions observed in this study were squamous cell carcinoma (8% of total cases), eczema (6% of total cases), leishmaniasis (6% of total cases), tuberculosis (6% of total cases), and benign nevi (4% of total cases).
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Gelan, Eshetu. "Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices for Achieving Green Architecture Concepts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Technologies 9, no. 3 (July 11, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9030048.
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Solid waste is one of the social and environmental challenges that urban areas are facing. The study assesses the state of solid waste in Addis Ababa during 2016–2020 to provide implications for achieving green architecture concepts through better management of solid waste and its economic contribution. The study uses secondary and primary data. Quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed through descriptive statistics and context analysis, respectively. The result reveals that most solid waste is generated from households, followed by commercial centers, street sweeping, industries/factories, hotels, and hospitals, respectively. From 2016 to 2020, an average of 80.28% of solid waste is collected, whereas 19.72% of the waste is not collected. There are little or no efforts made to segregate solid waste at the source. The generated waste is disposed of in the Reppi open landfill. Together with Ethiopian electric power (EEP) and the City Government of Addis Ababa, waste has been converted to energy since 2019. The study suggests minimizing waste from its source by reducing generation, composting, reusing, recycling, waste-to-energy strategy, and well-designed buildings to achieve the concept of green architecture in Addis Ababa through better solid waste management.
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Beiser, Morton, Busha Taa, Haile Fenta-Wube, Yonas Baheretibeb, Clare Pain, and Mesfin Araya. "A comparison of levels and predictors of emotional problems among preadolescent Ethiopians in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Toronto, Canada." Transcultural Psychiatry 49, no. 5 (September 25, 2012): 651–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461512457155.
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According to a literature of theory and advocacy, immigration and resettlement jeopardize the mental health of children and youth, largely because of factors such as intergenerational tensions arising from conflicts about the retention of traditional values, and experiences of prejudice and discrimination. The current study examines the specificity of these putative mental health risks to the immigration experience. The level and predictors of emotional problems among preadolescent Ethiopians living in immigrant families in Toronto, Canada, were compared with a matched sample of Ethiopian youngsters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data came from structured interviews with the person most knowledgeable about the family (usually a parent), as well as from the children themselves. Youth reported higher levels of emotional problems (EP) than their parents. Predictors differed for parent and child ratings. In both the Toronto and Addis Ababa samples, parental mental health predicted parent-rated, but not self-rated EP. Contrary to immigration stress theory, parental perceptions of prejudice predicted EP in Addis Ababa, but not Toronto, and parent–child discordance regarding ethnic adherence were predictors of self-rated emotional problems in Ethiopia, but not in Canada. Perceived discrimination was a significant predictor of self-rated emotional problems in both settings. Implications for theory and further research are discussed.
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Sekasi, Jackson, and Mauro Luiz Martens. "Assessing the Contributions of Urban Light Rail Transit to the Sustainable Development of Addis Ababa." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105667.
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Many of the existing urban transport infrastructures in developing African cities are challenged by the mobility demands of their ever-increasing population and increased vehicle capacity. To address these transportation challenges, the Federal government of Ethiopia through the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC) constructed and operates the Addis Ababa light rail transit (AA-LRT). Currently, many other African cities are following in action. This study aims to assess the contributions to sustainable development derived from the services of urban light rail in Addis Ababa. Cross-sectional quantitative research by means of a structured questionnaire survey considering key variables of social, economic, and environmental transport sustainability dimensions was conducted in Addis Ababa. Dimension-wise, the collected data was then analysed in order to measure the contributions made by AA-LRT and to identify the relations amongst each considered variable and each sustainability dimension. The findings of the study indicate a high level of perceived contributions of the economic sustainability dimension as compared to social and environmental sustainability. The study suggests an improved consideration of the environmental and social dimension for a holistic approach to transport sustainability of the city.
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GURMU, ESHETU, and RUTH MACE. "FERTILITY DECLINE DRIVEN BY POVERTY: THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 3 (May 2008): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200700260x.
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SummaryDemographic transition theory states that fertility declines in response to development, thus wealth and fertility are negatively correlated. Evolutionary theory, however, suggests a positive relationship between wealth and fertility. Fertility transition as a result of industrialization and economic development started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western Europe; and it extended to some of the Asian and Latin American countries later on. However, economic crises since the 1980s have been co-incident with fertility decline in sub-Sahara Africa and other developing countries like Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh in the last decade of the 20th century. A very low level of fertility is observed in Addis Ababa (TFR=1·9) where contraceptive prevalence rate is modest and recurrent famine as well as drought have been major causes of economic crisis in the country for more than three consecutive decades, which is surprising given the high rural fertility. Detailed socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 2976 women of reproductive age (i.e. 15–49 years) residing in Addis Ababa were collected during the first quarter of 2003 using an event history calendar and individual women questionnaire. Controlling for the confounding effects of maternal birth cohort, education, marital status and accessible income level, the poor (those who have access to less than a dollar per day or 250 birr a month) were observed to elongate the timing of having first and second births, while relatively better-off women were found to have shorter birth intervals. Results were also the same among the ever-married women only model. More than 50% of women currently in their 20s are also predicted to fail to reproduce as most of the unmarried men and women are ‘retreating from marriage’ due to economic stress. Qualitative information collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews also supports the statistical findings that poverty is at the root of this collapse in fertility. Whilst across countries wealth and fertility have been negatively correlated, this study shows that within one uniform population the relationship is clearly positive.
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Minas, Anteneh Girma, and Makombo Ganga-Limando. "Social-Cognitive Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Primiparous Mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2016): e0164128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164128.
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Kassahun, Samson. "Social Capital and Trust in Slum Areas: the Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Urban Forum 26, no. 2 (August 9, 2014): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-014-9235-3.
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Tadesse, Feven Hailu, and Çilen Erçin. "Assessing the user’s needs in urban open space of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 7 (July 2021): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.07.013.
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Public open spaces are standard chosen stations, where individuals can come together and partake in shared activities. Also, the overall purposes of open spaces are cultural and social involvement, integration of nature into a city, and promoters of a healthy lifestyle. However, Addis Ababa as the capital city of Ethiopia has been giving little contemplation to open space from government and private division. Which has led to the obliteration of the remaining open spaces leaving them to disappear. Meskel Square was taken as a case area for further investigation to specify the major cause of isolation, it has been a historical landmark and is located in the center of the city. The site was an eminent meet point for economic, social, and political use during the emperor Haileslase period but over the years it has remarkably reduced in numbers of users, and yet only a few discussions have been made in regards to the context of public open space and its relation to well beings of society in Ethiopia as a whole. Through studying related literature reviews, carrying out cross-sectional studies, physical observations, and analysis of the selected square the paper was able to identify the principal issues. The findings of the research showed the lack of awareness given to the subject, therefore accompanying the deficiency of up-to-date remodeling of the public space and inadequacy of proper physical features.
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Kastro, Asayeberhan, and Karen Dullea. "Community-based prevention of child trafficking in Southern Ethiopia." International Social Work 63, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818798000.
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The focus of this article is on children trafficked or migrating alone from rural areas of the Wolaita zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region to the urban centres of Jimma or Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. The article, based on information from interviews and focus groups, develops awareness of this issue as it is locally conceptualised and prevented. Recommendations include coordinated efforts between government, non-government and community-based organisations (CBOs) to protect children, and economic development/skills training in rural communities.
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Berhane, Hanna Y., Magnus Jirström, Semira Abdelmenan, Yemane Berhane, Beatrix Alsanius, Jill Trenholm, and Eva-Charlotte Ekström. "Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2020): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030712.
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In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5–20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8–3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6–12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4–2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26–0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44–0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under- and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed.
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Demoze, Mekdes Beze, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, and Haregwoin Mulat. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Orphan Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2018 (August 26, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5025143.
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Background. Orphan adolescents are a special group of people who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorder even if reared in a well-run institution. Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among orphan adolescents living in Addis Ababa orphan centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among 453 orphan adolescents in Ethiopia. All orphan adolescents who were living in the selected orphan centers were included in the study. The data was collected by interviewing the orphan adolescents at the orphan center by using a structured questionnaire. Kocher adolescent depression scale and MSPSS scale were used to measure orphan level of depression and their perceived social support. After appropriate coding, the collected data had been entered into EPI info version 7 and it was exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The OR with 95% CI was used to measure association and p value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant value in multivariable binary logistic regressions. Result. The overall prevalence of depression among the orphan adolescents was found to be 36.4%. The majority of the respondents, 302 (66.7%), were within the age range of 15-19 years. Perceived social support (OR 5.86; 95% CI 3.47, 9.91), community discrimination (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.58, 4.56), length of stay (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.08, 3.35), age of entrance (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.32, 3.69), and presence of visitors (OR 3.62; 95% CI 2.06, 6.37) were the main variables associated with depression. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression among orphan adolescents was found to be high. Low level of social support, higher length of stay, community discrimination, the presence of visitors, and younger age of entrance were statistically significant variables to develop depression.
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Tefera, Belaynesh, Alice Schippers, Marloes Van Engen, and Jack Van der Klink. "THE EXPERIENCES OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES AND PRIMARY CAREGIVERS ON THE SOCIAL INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs94201818645.
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This article presents the findings of a qualitative study on the social inclusion of children with disabilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and how this affects their achievement of valued life goals. The study is based on focus group discussions with children with disabilities and primary caregivers of such children. The thematic analysis is based on family quality of life and the capability approach, which are used to explain the effects of social inclusion (and exclusion) on children with disabilities and their families in three areas of quality of life: being, belonging, and becoming. The study also looked at how the social inclusion of children with disabilities can be actualised. The results of the study confirm the existence of considerable challenges to the social inclusion of children with disabilities in Addis Ababa, which is reflected in their capabilities. The results suggest that children with disabilities need assistance and support to achieve a good quality of life. They also indicate the need for the involvement of the wider community to support children with disabilities and their families to enhance the capability of such children, and so improve their family quality of life.
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Erulkar, Annabel S., Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Negussie Simie, and Tsehai Gulema. "Migration and Vulnerability among Adolescents in Slum Areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Youth Studies 9, no. 3 (July 2006): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676260600805697.
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SORI, ASSEFA TOLERA. "POVERTY, SEXUAL EXPERIENCE AND HIV VULNERABILITY RISKS: EVIDENCE FROM ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 44, no. 6 (May 17, 2012): 677–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000193.
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SummaryThis study explores the relationship between poverty and vulnerability to HIV infection in Ethiopia using primary (quantitative and qualitative) and secondary data from two sub-cities of Addis Ababa. The data show that sexual experience is influenced by diverse factors such as age, gender, economic status and education level. Household economic status and migration explain the nature of sexual experience and level of vulnerability to HIV infection. Poor uneducated women in poor neighbourhoods are more likely to engage in risky sexual encounters despite awareness about the risk of HIV infection as they operate in an environment that provides the ‘path of least resistance’ (Lindegger & Wood, 1995, p. 7). This article argues that poverty provides a situation where early sexual initiation, ‘transactional sex’ and an inability to negotiate for safer sex are associated with low income, lack of education and increased vulnerability to HIV infection. This vulnerability is simultaneously contested and accepted as a commitment to even sacrifice one's life for the sake of one's loved ones. As a modest contribution to the ‘structural violence’ approach, which emphasizes social inequalities based on gender, class, ethnicity and race and inequalities in terms of exposure to risk and access to health care (Massé, 2007), this article challenges the ‘African promiscuity’ discourse, which ‘does not permit policymakers to think beyond sex’ (Stillwaggon, 2006, p. 156), and encourages researchers and policymakers to ask the right questions to understand the complexity of HIV/AIDS and seek solutions to the pandemic.
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Abdelmenan, Semira, Hanna Y. Berhane, Magnus Jirström, Jill Trenholm, Alemayehu Worku, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, and Yemane Berhane. "The Social Stratification of Availability, Affordability, and Consumption of Food in Families with Preschoolers in Addis Ababa; The EAT Addis Study in Ethiopia." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103168.
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The aim of this study was to understand the quality of diet being consumed among families in Addis Ababa, and to what extent social stratification and perceptions of availability and affordability affect healthy food consumption. Data were collected from 5467 households in a face-to-face interview with mothers/caretakers and analyzed using mixed effect logistic regression models. All family food groups, except fish were perceived to be available by more than 90% of the participants. The food groups cereals/nuts/seeds, other vegetables, and legumes were considered highly affordable (80%) and were the most consumed (>75%). Households with the least educated mothers and those in the lowest wealth quintile had the lowest perception of affordability and also consumption. Consumption of foods rich in micronutrients and animal sources were significantly higher among households with higher perceived affordability, the highest wealth quintile, and with mothers who had better education. Households in Addis Ababa were generally seen to have a monotonous diet, despite the high perceived availability of different food groups within the food environment. There is a considerable difference in consumption of nutrient-rich foods across social strata, hence the cities food policies need to account for social differences in order to improve the nutritional status of the community.
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Melaku, Henok Sileshi, and Mesafint Abeje Tiruneh. "Occupational Health Conditions and Associated Factors Among Municipal Solid Waste Collectors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 13 (November 2020): 2415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s276790.
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Girmay, Aderajew Mekonnen, Sirak Robele Gari, Bezatu Mengistie Alemu, Martin R. Evans, and Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam. "Determinants of Sanitation and Hygiene Status Among Food Establishments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Environmental Health Insights 14 (January 2020): 117863022091568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220915689.
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Introduction: Despite advancements in food science and technology, foodborne disease remains one of the major public health problems. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions of food establishments are the major causes for the occurrence of foodborne disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate core determinants of sanitation and hygiene status among food establishments. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa city. A stratified random sampling technique was deployed to select 413 study participants. Data were collected through interview and using observational checklist. Sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula. To analyze the data, binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. In all analysis, P-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that 57.4% of the food establishments were under poor sanitation status. In the multivariable analysis, presence of trained managers on hygiene and sanitation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.10 with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-15.45), presence of renewed licenses (AOR = 3.07 with 95% CI: 1.18-7.99), absence of bureaucratic function to obtain permission to renew the food establishment buildings (AOR = 2.43 with 95% CI: 1.25-4.70), and presence of at least 10-m distance between toilet and kitchen (AOR = 9.19, at 95% CI: 5.63-15.02) were associated significantly with sanitation and hygiene status. Conclusions: Above average of the food establishments were found to be in poor sanitation and hygiene state. Many core determinant factors that influence sanitation and hygienic status of food establishments were identified. The researchers suggest that formal training on sanitation and hygiene for managers of food establishments should be provided to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Moreover, strong food and water safety policy and strategy should be promulgated to improve sanitation and hygiene status of food establishments.
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Tafa, Lema, and Yoseph Worku. "Family planning utilization and associated factors among postpartum women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245123.
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Background Pregnancies that occur in the first year after birth can result in adverse outcomes for the mothers and their babies. Postpartum family planning (PPFP) can save lives of many mothers and children. Only few data are available about the magnitude of PPFP use and its determinants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective To assess PPFP utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018. A total of 625 women were enrolled in the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression model with adjusted odd ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify the factors associated with PPFP use. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result The magnitude of PPFP utilization in Addis Ababa was 71.8%. Previous family planning (FP) information (AOR = 13.2; 95% CI: (1.96, 88.07)), FP information from health facility visit (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: (1.45, 3.43)), antenatal care (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: (1.58, 15.64)), counseling on FP at postnatal care (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: (1.27, 3.05)), menses resumption after birth (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: (1.11, 2.76)), and commencing sexual activity after birth (AOR = 9.34; 95% CI: (5.39, 16.17)) were the factors associated with PPFP use. Conclusion and recommendation Though the magnitude of PPFP use is encouraging, still three out of the ten postpartum women did not use PPFP. The determinants of PPFP use were having FP information, having FP information from health facility visit, antenatal care, counseling about FP during postnatal care, menses resumption after birth, and commencing sexual activity after birth. The health system in the City and the healthcare providers should strive to reach every woman who is not accessing the PPFP services and antenatal care services, and improve counseling services on PPFP during delivery and postnatal care services.
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Tadesse, Michael Emru. "Benefits and challenges of practicing taekwondo to adolescents in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v11i1.3310.
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<p>This study aimed at examining the benefits and challenges of practicing Taekwondo (TKD) to adolescents in Addis Ababa. In so doing, the study investigated the nature of TKD training, benefits of practicing TKD, and challenges/problems related with practicing TKD. A descriptive concurrent mixed methods research design was used. Accordingly, the quantitative part of the study had 108 TKD adolescent participants while the qualitative part had 12 participants (eight TKD adolescents and four TKD coaches), from four TKD clubs in Addis Ababa. Both one-stage cluster sampling technique and purposive sampling technique were employed to select participants for the quantitative and qualitative parts of the study, respectively. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from participants. Results of the study indicated: (1) the TKD training provided by the four TKD clubs was more of a modern/sport form of TKD; (2) TKD adolescents and coaches perceived that the benefits of TKD for adolescents are multifaceted, i.e., social benefits, physical benefits, mental benefits, self-defense, addiction avoidance, and other benefits; and (3) though majority (63.6%) of the respondents claimed that they did not face any problem as a result of practicing TKD, the following were identified as major problems that could threaten the wellbeing of TKD adolescents: family-related problems, community-related problems, and competition-related problems. In general, results show that the training of TKD can have a multifaceted positive contribution to adolescents’ wellbeing.</p><p> </p>
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Tekola, F., G. Reniers, D. Haile Mariam, T. Araya, and G. Davey. "The economic impact of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality on households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." AIDS Care 20, no. 8 (September 2008): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120701777256.
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Groenewold, W. G. F., and M. Tilahun. "Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, socioeconomic factors and mortality in hospitalized children in Addis Ababa." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 3 (July 1990): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018733.
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SummaryThe influence of some household and maternal variables on three anthropometric nutritional status indices of hospitalized children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are examined. On admission, only 30% of these children can be classified as being of a normal overall nutritional status. There are no significant differences in weight-for-age of hospitalized children between those residing in Addis Ababa and those residing in the rural areas. Income and father's occupation appear to be the major household factors influencing the level of two of the three indices (weight-for-age and weight-for-height). Length of last closed birth interval and, to a lesser degree, maternal age appear to have significant effects on all three nutritional status indices. Upon admission to hospital, children who will in the end survive their hospital stay are on average nutritionally normal or in a mild state of malnutrition, whereas children who will die during their stay arrive in a moderate or severe state of malnutrition. The degree of malnutrition is positively related to the risk of mortality in respiratory disease patients.
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Desalegn, Zelalem, Negussie Deyessa, Brhanu Teka, Welelta Shiferaw, Damen Hailemariam, Adamu Addissie, Abdulnasir Abagero, et al. "COVID-19 and the public response: Knowledge, attitude and practice of the public in mitigating the pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0244780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244780.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the global community in many ways. Combating the COVID-19 pandemic requires a coordinated effort through engaging public and service providers in preventive measures. The government of Ethiopia had already announced prevention guidelines for the public. However, there is a scarcity of evidence-based data on the public knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and response of the service providers regarding COVID-19. Objective This study aimed to assess the public KAP and service providers’ preparedness towards the pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from late March to the first week of April 2020. Participants were conveniently sampled from 10 different city sites. Data collection was performed using a self-administered questionnaire and observational assessment using a checklist. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and chi-square tests were performed. Result A total of 839 public participants and 420 service providers enrolled in the study. The mean age was 30.30 (range = 18–72) years. The majority of the respondents (58.6%) had moderate knowledge about COVID-19, whereas 37.2% had good knowledge. Moreover, 60.7% and 59.8% of the participants had a positive attitude towards preventive measures and good practice to mitigate the pandemic, respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, whereas the correlations between knowledge and practice and attitude and practice were weak. With regard to service providers’ preparedness, 70% have made hand-washing facilities available. A large majority of the respondents (84.4%) were using government-owned media followed by social media (46.0%) as a main source of information. Conclusion The public in Addis Ababa had moderate knowledge, an optimistic attitude and descent practice. The information flow from government and social media seemed successful seeing the majority of the respondents identifying preventive measures, signs and symptoms and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. Knowledge and attitude was not associated with practice, thus, additional innovative strategies for practice changes are needed. Two thirds of the service provider made available hand washing facilities which seems a first positive step. However, periodic evaluation of the public KAP and assessment of service providers’ preparedness is mandatory to combat the pandemic effectively.
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Taffa, N., K. I. Klepp, J. Sundby, and G. Bjune. "Psychosocial determinants of sexual activity and condom use intention among youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202760326480.
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Determinants of sexual activity and intentions for condom use were examined guided by the Attitude, Social influences, and Self-efficacy (ASE) model as a theoretical framework. A total of 561 in and out-of-school youth (15–24 years) in Addis Ababa completed a self-administered questionnaire. A third of them reported sexual intercourse in the past and half of the sexually active used condoms during recent intercourse. Being out-of-school, male, aged 20–24 years, alcohol use and khat (amphetamine-like substance) consumption predicted the likelihood of engagement in sexual activity. Of these variables, however, male sex was more associated with reported condom use during recent sexual intercourse. Self-efficacy, skills, and barriers predicted 23% of the variance in intentions to use condoms. Self-efficacy was also associated with past condom use. Psychosocial constructs predicted more variations in condom use intention for males than for females. In general, self-efficacy was found to be the strongest predictor of the constructs, whereas attitude and social influences were the weakest. The study implies that HIV/AIDS prevention programmes for young people in Ethiopia need to emphasize building assertive communication skills in sexual negotiations and condom use. Minimizing the gender gap in sexual relationships forms the cornerstone for such educational strategies.
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Abebe, Helina, Shegaye Shumet, Zebiba Nassir, Melkamu Agidew, and Dessie Abebaw. "Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Youth Attending ART Follow-Up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4610458.
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Depression is most frequently and highly occurring common mental disorder in HIV/AIDS patients especially youth living with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.Method. In a cross sectional study, 507 HIV-positive young people from public health hospitals were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess depressive symptoms. Morisky medication adherence rating scale, social support rating scale, and HIV stigma scale were the instruments used to assess the associated factors.Results. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was 35.5% (95% CI:31.3, 39.6). In multivariate analysis, age range between 20 and 24 years with (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.33,3.62), history of opportunistic infection (AOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.15,3.27), poor medication adherence (AOR=1.73, 95%CI:1.13,2.64, low social support (AOR=2.74, 95%CI:1.13,2.64), moderate social support (AOR=1.75 95% CI: 1.03,2.98), and stigma (AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.35,3.14) were associated with depressive symptoms. The results suggest that prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was high. Prevention of opportunistic infection, stigma, and counseling for good medication adherence are necessary among HIV-positive youth.
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Crummey, Donald. "A Social History of Ethiopia. By Richard Pankhurst. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa University; Kings Ripton, England: ELM Publications, 1990. Pp. xii+371. £14.95, paperback." Journal of African History 33, no. 2 (July 1992): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700032473.
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Kebede, Getahun Fenta. "Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Evidence from Informal Sector Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia." Journal of Entrepreneurship 27, no. 2 (August 8, 2018): 209–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355718781250.
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In Africa, social capital (SC) is an important resource for the informal economy. It substitutes the limited formal business support systems as factor inputs for enterprise development. This article investigates the effect of Burt’s structural holes theory of social capital in the context of the Ethiopian informal economy. Data were collected from street entrepreneurs in Addis Ababa using multiple name generators constructed on the basis of entrepreneurs’ frequent interaction with people related to resources needed for entrepreneurial activities. Social network analyses and statistical procedures of instrumental variables estimation were used to analyse the data. By controlling the potential endogeneity problem between structural holes and enterprise outcomes, the findings of the study show that entrepreneurs’ dense network structure, which lacks structural holes, has a significant negative effect on entrepreneurial outcome. Accordingly, policies that aim at supporting informal entrepreneurs need to consider the benefits of social contacts while taking into account the downside of being excessively embedded in dense networks.
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RAHMATO, DESSALEGN. "TECHNOLOGY AND AGRARIAN CHANGE People of the Plow: An Agricultural History of Ethiopia, 1800–1990. By JAMES C. MCCANN. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Pp. xviii + 298. £48.50 (ISBN 0-299-14610-3); £22.50, paperback (ISBN 0-299-14614-6)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796266903.
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This book is a history of Ethiopian plough agriculture set within the larger context of environmental history. The subject is further examined through such key themes as demography, urbanization, crop varieties and farm resources. The book is in two parts: Part I is a broad narrative of what the author calls the ‘ox-plow revolution’ and its social and economic consequences. Part II consists of three well-chosen case studies, namely Ankober in northern Ethiopia, a district which in the nineteenth century served as the royal granary of the Shoan kingdom; Gera, an area located in the forest zone in south-western Ethiopia; and Ada, the agricultural backyard of the capital city, Addis Ababa.
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Abdi, Tariku A., Robert A. C. Ruiter, and Tamirie A. Adal. "Personal, Social and Environmental Risk Factors of Problematic Gambling Among High School Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Gambling Studies 31, no. 1 (September 29, 2013): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9410-9.
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Endalew, Helen Lamesgin, Bikis Liyew, Zewdu Baye, and Gebrekidan Ewunetu Tarekegn. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Myocardial Infarction Patients at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 28, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6675267.
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Introduction. Myocardial infarction is the most frequent manifestation of coronary heart disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The sudden and often profound physiological and psychological effect of the acute onset of myocardial infarction hurts the health-related quality of life. Objective. To assess health-related quality of life and associated factors among myocardial infarction patients at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to June 25, 2020, at the Cardiac Center-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The sample consisted of 421 myocardial infarction patients. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Samples were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The linear regression analysis model was fitted using SPSS 26 and STATA 14, and the unstandardized beta (𝛽) coefficient with a 95% confidence interval was used. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results. The mean score of the overall health-related quality of life was found to be 49.29 ± 14.83 , and the mean score for the physical domain was 47.96 ± 16.50 ; for the psychological domain, it was 50.91 ± 16.07 , and for environmental and social relationship domains, it was 48.30 ± 16.54 and 52.02 ± 24.61 , respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, increased age, living in a rural area, heart failure, and hypertension were inversely associated with overall health-related quality of life, while secondary and higher education were associated with better overall health-related quality of life. Conclusion. Patients with myocardial infarction at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia, had lower health-related quality of life. Hence, the finding of this study suggests the implementation of a cardiac rehabilitation program and comprehensive service given by healthcare providers.
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Shegute, Tewodros, and Yared Wasihun. "Prevalence of Substance Use in University Students, Ethiopia." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 15 (January 2021): 117822182110035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11782218211003558.
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Background: Although substance use is a known public health problem and a pressing issue in Ethiopia, its real extent and magnitude are not yet properly explored. The current study aimed to determine the extent and predictors of substance use among regular undergraduate students in the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried among 794 undergraduate regular students at the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, using a self-administered structured questionnaire filled by study participants. Data entry, cleaning, and coding were performed by EPI-INFO version 3.5.1. Statistical Package for Social Sciences; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio (SPSS) SPSS version 21 software was used to analyze data by performing descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: 73.7% of the study participants used substances at least once. The lifetime use of each substance includes alcohol (68.2%), khat (53.6%), cigarettes (46.1%), and illicit drugs (23.3%). Loss of family (AOR [95%CI], 34.50 [7.569, 157.263]), pocket money between 500 and 999 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 9.978 [1.240, 80.280]), and above 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 10.831 [1.333, 87.971]) were identified predictors for khat use. The odds of lifetime alcohol use was higher among students coming from a divorced family (AOR [95%CI], 9.346 [3.162, 27.625]), lost one (AOR [95%CI], 37.406 [11.375, 123.008]), or both of their parents (AOR [95%CI], 18.750 [5.798, 60.633]). Students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 3.214 [1.950, 5.296]), and students with anxiety symptoms (AOR [95%CI], 2.655 [1.981, 3.557]) have a higher odds of lifetime cigarette smoking. The lifetime exposure to illicit drugs is higher among students in age groups between 20 and 24 years (AOR [95%CI], 5.963 [1.361, 26.135]), students coming from substance user family (AOR [95%CI], 2.172 [1.161, 4.063]), and students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 2.661 [1.202, 5.889]). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of substance use requiring administrative and educational interventions was observed. Awareness creation interventions on the potential impacts of substance abuse should be performed.
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Aderemi, Toyin Janet, Muriel Mac-Seing, Seblewangel Ayalew Woreta, and Komi Agbemavi Mati. "Predictors of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services utilization among people with disabilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." AIDS Care 26, no. 12 (June 5, 2014): 1461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.923811.
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Abebe, Natnael, Biruhtesfa Asrade, and Berhanu Mekibib. "Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in One-Humped Camels Slaughtered at Addis Ababa Municipality Abattoir, Ethiopia." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 25, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v25i1.3.
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Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic and economically important disease prevalent in different parts of Ethiopia and the world at large. This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence, identify associated risk factors, and tissue distribution patterns of CE in camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa municipality abattoir. Out of 416 one-humped camels examined during meat inspection, hydatid cysts were detected in 159 (38.22%) of them. The cyst was detected more frequently in the lungs (37.02%) followed by liver (35.1%), but very few camels had cysts in their heart, spleen, and kidneys. Significantly higher (p <0.05) prevalence of hydatid cyst was observed in female than male camels (48.05% vs 32.4%), in adult camels than young ones (53.1% vs 20.2%), and camels with good (25.0%) and medium body conditions (67.4%) compared to those in poor body condition (7.7%). The study further revealed that out of 768 cysts collected from the different organs, 169 (22%), 215 (28%) and 384 (70.57%) were abscessed/calcified, sterile and fertile cysts, respectively. About 54% (n=235) of the cysts in the lungs and 45% (n=148) in the liver were fertile. Of which, 146 (62.13%) cysts in lungs and 87 (58.78%) cysts in liver were viable. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of CE with a higher proportion of fertile and viable cysts in the pastoral areas. Therefore, to reduce the wide spread occurrence of CE and hence the presumed public health and socio-economic impacts, extension work on safe disposal of infected offal and dead animals, awareness creation to the community about the disease, construction of abattoirs with appropriate disposal pits and strict meat inspection should be given due consideration
Keywords: Abattoir; Camelus dromedarius; Cystic echinococcosis; Prevalence; Risk factor.
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Teklemariam, Addiswork, and Logan Cochrane. "The Rush to the Peripheries: Land Rights and Tenure Security in Peri-Urban Ethiopia." Land 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020193.
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As the global population continues to urbanize, increasing pressure is put upon urban centers and the carrying capacity of the already built-up areas. One way to meet these demands is horizontal expansion, which requires new lands to become incorporated into urban centers. In most cases, this demand is met by converting peri-urban land into urban land as the urban center expands. These processes of expansion into the peri-urban, however, create tension regarding land use and land rights, and may foster tenure insecurity if not well managed. As in many countries, Ethiopia is experiencing extensive urban population growth and the peri-urban areas at the edge of urban centers are under pressure. This study investigates land rights issues and tenure security conditions of peri-urban farmers in the case study sites of Addis Ababa and Hawassa. The findings reveal that urban expansion into the peripheral agricultural lands and the resulting tenure system change has caused intense perceived tenure insecurity among peri-urban farmers. The range of land rights exercised differs in these two sites, as measured by the property rights analytical framework. Peri-urban farmers in Hawassa hold weak owner positions, enabling them to exercise thicker rights. However, peri-urban farmers in Addis Ababa hold weak claimant positions, which is slightly above the operational level right of an authorized user. This analysis suggests that the urban development and expansion strategies adopted by the respective city administrations are impacting land rights of the peri-urban farmers and their tenure security, albeit in unique ways, from which lessons can be drawn about how urban expansion policies can be more appropriately designed and implemented.
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Shumet, Shegaye, Bethlehem W/Michele, Dessie Angaw, Temesgen Ergete, and Nigus Alemnew. "Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e044824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044824.
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ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.
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Kehali, Habtamu, Yemane Berhane, and Addisu Gize. "A phenomenological study on the lived experiences of families of ICU patients, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): e0244073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244073.
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Background Family-centered care of ICU patients is increasingly recommended as it is believed to have effect on family members’ psychosocial status and patient outcomes. Defining the nature and extent of families’ involvement in a given health care environment for different stakeholders is a challenge. Understanding the lived experiences of families of ICU patients would help strategize on how to better engage family members for improved ICU care processes and outcomes. Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences of families of patients in the ICUs of hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods The study adopted a qualitative approach and a phenomenological research design. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve (12) family members who were purposively sampled from two government hospitals and four private hospitals. Thematic approach with the application of hermeneutic circle of interpretation was applied to understand the meanings of their experiences. Results The study revealed the following major themes: financial burden, challenge in decision making, shattered family integrity and expectations, information and communication gap between family members and health professionals, lack of confidence in the service delivery of hospitals, social pressure against patient families, and families being immersed in an unfriendly environment. Though they do not explicitly mention it to the health care tram, further interpretation of the main themes elucidated that family’s need the intensive care process be cut shorter irrespective of the outcome of the patient condition. Conclusion The study gave an insight on the multiple and interrelated challenges faced by families of ICU patients admitted in the hospitals of Addis Ababa. Further contextualized interpretation of their experiences revealed that families were somehow in a state of despair and they implicitly need the ICU care for their family member be ended irrespective of the potential clinical consequences on the patient. The philosophy of family-centered care be advocated in hospitals. The study result affirms the need to include family members during nursing assessment of patients in ICUs and also offers the basis for guidelines development on informational support to the families of the patients hospitalized in ICUs.
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Mekonne, Abel, Benyam Seifu, Chernet Hailu, and Alemayehu Atomsa. "Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance and Associated Factors among Health Care Providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8412957.
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Background. Cost sharing between beneficiaries and government is critical to attain universal health coverage. The government of Ethiopia introduced social health insurance to improve access to quality health services. Hence, HCP are the ultimate frontline service provider; their WTP for health insurance could influence the implementation of the scheme directly or indirectly. However, there is limited evidence on willingness to pay (WTP) for social health insurance (SHI) among health professionals. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 1st to August 15th, 2019. A total sample of 480 health care providers was selected using a multistage sampling method. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 23. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the associated factor outcome variable. The association was presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at a P value less than 0.05. Result. A total of 460 health care providers responded to the questionnaire, making a 95.8% response rate. Of the respondents, only 132 (28.7%) were WTP for SHI. Higher educational status [AOR=2.9, 95% CI (1.2-7.3)], higher monthly income [AOR=2.2, 95% CI (1.2-4.3)], recent family illness [AOR=2.4, 95% CI (1.4-4.4)], and a good awareness about SHI [AOR=4.4, 95% CI (2.4-7.8)] showed significant association with WTP for SHI. The main reasons for not WTP were thinking the government should cover the cost, preferring out-pocket payment and the provided SHI scheme does not cover all the health care costs health care providers lost interest in pay for SHI. Conclusion and Recommendation. The majority of health care providers were not willing to pay for the introduced SHI scheme. The provided SHI scheme should be clear and provide special consideration for health care providers as the majority of them receives free health care service from their employer health care institution. Also, the government, health professional associations, and other concerned stakeholders should provide awareness creation programs by targeting low and middle-level health professionals in order to increase WTP for SHI among health care providers.
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Elifneh, YW. "The Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Concerns of Addis Ababa University: Implications for Higher Learning Institutions in Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Business and Economics (The) 4, no. 2 (August 6, 2015): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejbe.v4i2.5.
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Asnakew, Sintayehu, Shegaye Shumet, Worknesh Ginbare, Getasew Legas, and Kalkidan Haile. "Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among Koshe landslide survivors, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e028550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028550.
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ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated factors among the survivors of Koshe landslide, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional design.SettingKoshe landslide, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited 830 participants for interviews using the simple random sampling technique.MeasurementWe collected data by face-to-face interviews. The civilian version of the PTSD checklist was used to measure the symptoms of the disorder. The Perceived Stress Scale and the Oslo-3 social support instruments were used to assess the factors. Coded variables were entered into Epi data V.4.2 and exported to SPSS V.24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions with OR and 95% CI were employed.ResultA total of 830 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.2%. The prevalence of PTSD was 37.3% with 95% CI 34.1 to 40.8. In the multivariate logistic regression, female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.74, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.50), divorce (AOR=2.08, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.43), sustained physical injury (AOR=8.28, 95% CI 5.04 to 13.61), history of mental illness (AOR=5.55, 95% CI 2.30 to 13.36), family history of mental illness (AOR=2.82, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.37), poor social support (AOR=3.64, 95% CI 1.99 to 6.69) and high perceived stress (AOR=3.08, 95% CI 1.43 to 6.64) were associated with PTSD.Conclusion and recommendationsThe prevalence of PTSD among the survivors of Koshe landslide was high. We recommend that an early PTSD-focused regular screening be carried out by trained health professionals; linkage with mental health service providers also needs to be considered.
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Derbew, Haile, Ansha Nega, Worku Tefera, Tekie Zafu, Kenfe Tsehaye, Kebede Haile, and Belsity Temesgen. "Assessment of Computer Vision Syndrome and Personal Risk Factors among Employees of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636907.
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Background. Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is an amalgam of visual symptoms caused by continued use of computers. Worldwide, up to 70 million workers are at risk for computer vision syndrome resulting in reduced productivity at work and reduced quality of life. Bank employees are among the risky workers with unknown magnitude of the syndrome. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVS and its associated personal factors among employees of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Methods. A total of three hundred and fifty-nine bank workers participated in the study between February and March 2018. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, CVS symptoms, and its personal factors. Snellen chart tool was used to measure blurred vision. Data entry and analysis were performed via Epi Info™ 7 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the association and control the potential confounders. Result. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome in the last 12 months among the total study subjects, 359 (98% response rate), was 262 (74.6%) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 70.1, 79.5). Risk factors that could not be intervened with were sex (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI (1–3)) and age group (AOR: 3.11; 95% CI (1.2–8)). Causal factors that could be intervened with were use of electronic materials outside work (AOR: 3.11; 95% CI (1.15–8.36). Protective factor that could be intervened with was habit of taking a break (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI (0.3–0.8)). Conclusion and Recommendation. Three-fours of the employees were at risk. Sex, age, habit of taking a break, and use of electronic materials outside work environment were significantly associated with the presence of CVS. Remedial actions need to be considered at individual level.