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1
Stafford, Mehary T. "Faculty Research Productivity at Addis Ababa University." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67945/.
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This study explores the research productivity of Addis Ababa University (AAU) faculty. AAU was established in 1950 and is the oldest modern higher educational institution in Ethiopia. Recently AAU took steps to transform itself to become a pre-eminent African research university. One of the characteristics of a research university is the focus on the amount of research conducted by the institution's faculty. Academic institutions measure research productivity primarily based on published work. The purpose of this study was to analyze the research productivity of AAU faculty, and to examine the differential predictive effects of individual and environmental variables on faculty research productivity. This quantitative study used a theoretical framework and instrument, Faculty at Work. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed to Addis AAU faculty in person and 298 questionnaires were returned resulting in a 74.5% response rate. After exclusion of 12 cases with missing information, 286 cases (71.5% response rate) were analyzed. Most of the respondents were men (M = 92.1%, F = 7.9%). The average age of AAU faculty was 44. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the ability of six sets of independent variables (sociodemographic, career, self-knowledge, social knowledge, behavior, and environmental response) to predict research productivity (publication output). Results indicated that there are productive researchers at AAU, and the theoretical framework explained 67.6% of the variance in publication output.
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Wiebel, Jacob. "Revolutionary terror campaigns in Addis Ababa, 1976-1978." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4138b184-c6ef-4aeb-9eb2-62772b2ad80f.
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Between 1976 and 1978, urban Ethiopia became a site of collective violence. Rival campaigns of revolutionary terror were fought out, most notably in the capital city of Addis Ababa. Opposition forces launched targeted assassinations against the military regime and its collaborators, prompting the latter to widen early campaigns of repression into one of the most brutal reigns of state terror in modern Africa. Tens of thousands of Ethiopians, most of them young and many educated, lost their lives. Thousands more were systematically tortured or otherwise abused. Many escaped to the countryside or fled abroad, invigorating rural insurgencies and generating the country's first permanent diaspora. The Terror effected deep changes in Ethiopian state and society, as well as in relations between them. This thesis analyses the social and political history of this revolutionary violence. It brings materials familiar to scholars of modern Ethiopia together with new sources, from oral interviews to international archives. On the basis of these sources, the dynamics and aftereffects of the Ethiopian Terror are examined. Urban Ethiopia's revolutionary violence is shown to have been jointly produced by supralocal decision makers and by local actors, shaped by centrally imposed structures as much as by locally moulded operational cultures. Geo-political alliances in the context of the global Cold War had profound effects on the mode of violence on the ground. Underpinning this violence were evolving social processes and narratives that legitimised terror campaigns and depersonalised opponents. Unveiling these dynamics of violence, this thesis traces the changes in the Terror’s forms and agents. The mode of state-instigated violence shifted significantly: it transitioned from unsystematic repression before February 1977 to a phase of decentralisation that lasted until July 1977, during which the means of state violence were devolved to local actors. It culminated in a centrally coordinated campaign of terror in late 1977 and early '78, which inscribed institutional structures and practices of collective violence into the state bureaucracy. Opposition violence, meanwhile, moved into the opposite direction, becoming increasingly localised and less subject to centralised control. Having surveyed these defining dynamics of revolutionary violence, the thesis traces their subsequent trajectories, highlighting the enduring repercussions of the Terror's legacies and of its contested memorialisation process for Ethiopian politics and society.
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Heinonen, Paula Maria Luisa. "Anthropology of street children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1667/.
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BEKELE, MATHEWOS. "Addis Ababa city plans compliance and performance evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11578/321187.
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Addis Ababa had a number of spatial plans prepared with intentions to solve its socioeconomic, physical and
environmental problems and to serve as road map for its multifaceted development endeavors. But these
plans were not implemented as intended; and rather unplanned interventions with harmful implications
became the norm. These practices are seldom checked or evaluated, and the influencing factors are not
examined. Existing literature give only general evaluation methods and criteria, or they deviate from the
Addis Ababa’s or similar cities’ contexts. The main objective of this research is to understand the extent to
which spatial plans were implemented and how plan quality, land management and institutional setup
influenced this practice as a way of improving spatial planning system in Addis Ababa.
Analytical models advocated by literature (highly structured, quantitative planning evaluation techniques)
are not opted as they are rarely attainable in practice for reasons of cost, time, deviation form context, and
data availability. Therefore, rapid and qualitative assessment was carried out using triangulation technique
analyzing data from four different sources: documents review, observation interviews and the researcher’s
rich experience, a reflective practice, with some degree of quantitative analysis.
Integration of conformance and performance-based evaluation approaches along with reflective practice
have been applied to understand the level of plan implementation. The overall city planning practice has
been assessed but for more focus and detailed account of the research topic, two cases (ORAAMP’s AACDP
of 2003 and Mercato LDP) have been assessed in detail as they are believed to demonstrate findings that can
help represent and generalize the hypothesis.
Assessment of the city’s planning practice revealed that the city’s planning approach has been favored and
disfavored by the dominant agrarian nature of the country on the one hand, and the dynamic environment
– political, socioeconomic, land system (the 1974 nationalization of land and the lease system after 1991)
and institutional (regionalization, decentralization and reform programs) on the other hand. The planning
approach has been mainly conditioned by imported planning practices with resistant local context and
attempts to contextualize the imported ones as can be seen in the formal/informal housing and business
conflicts. Continuity of the key tenets of different planning practices and incorporation of past legacies has
created superimposition of city structures and morphology as well as mixed planning culture.
The findings of the study also revealed that effectiveness of a plan and its implementation are conditioned
not only by the intentions and quality of the plan per se; but also, by other factors mainly land management,
governance, institutional setup, political, socioeconomic, and cultural settings. Failure to properly consider
land management system in the planning process, the weak institutional setup and its lack of sustained
system, absence of true participatory process, misguided monitoring, evaluation and accountability, the
apolitical stances practiced by professionals, the double plan system because of political interference, were
the core underlying factors for poor spatial planning system. It has been found that proper and adequate
consideration of influential contextual factors (land, institutional and political setting) will contribute to
improvement in spatial planning system. It is recommended that an improved new spatial planning system
be developed where we have interactive hierarchical plans, integrated collaborative spatial plans across
sectoral agencies, and where participatory community planning and implementation is pronounced.
5
Desta, Menelik. "Epidemiology of child psychiatric disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1585.
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Adugna, Girmachew. "Livelihoods and survival strategies among migrant children i Addis Ababa." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-938.
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<p>This study attempts to explore the livelihoods and survival strategies of migrant children who live on the street or make a living on street based activities in Addis Ababa. It also depicts and analyses the forces behind children’s migration, their encounters and experiences while attempting to cope with the new environment. Structuration theory and livelihood approach were employed as a theoretical framework to address the research problem. Children form a part of the structure of the society, and as actors are struggling to adjust themselves to livelihood constraints. These theoretical frameworks helped to make a more realistic understanding of factors that shape the lives of street children within their society and of how they cope with and/or survive. On the other hand, research with street children can further our understanding or significantly contributes to theories of agency and competency and of risk and resilience. Giddens’ structuration is ontological in its orientation and focuses on theorizing human agency which in turn calls for in depth understanding of the lived experience of individuals. To better understand children and portray their everyday street life, various qualitative data collection methods: participant observation, key informant in-depth interview, focused group discussions have been employed. Giddens’ sees qualitative and quantitative methods as complementary rather than antagonistic aspects of social research. To this end, this study carried out a survey with a sample of fifty street children in four core areas of the city.</p><p>Although the problem of street children is understood as an urban phenomenon, the factors exacerbating the problem have their origin in the rural villages. This study confirms that determinants of rural children’s migration to Addis are not dominated by a single factor but caused by a combination of multiple interrelated factors. Chronic livelihood poverty in rural areas of the country which traditionally relied upon subsistence farming, in general, leads children to move to cities to find economic niches in the low paid informal sectors of urban areas. Once in the city, they have to struggle to survive, develop and integrate into the urban environment. As individual case studies implied, children who live on the street do not form a homogenous category. Nor do they earn their living similarly. Rather they adopt a range of survival strategies to confront the challenges of urban street life.</p><p>Street children draw diverse forms of assets or resources in the process of earning their livelihoods. Labor is the most important asset which helps street children either to generate income directly through wage employment or indirectly through the production of goods and services which are sold in the informal market. Street children engaged in legal, semi legal and/or illegal activities in order to earn income. Street children often do not have fixed carriers and they usually jump over opportunities often favoring the most rewarding in a particular time. Their livelihood depends on the efforts of a combination of portfolios of activities. Street children interact with each other through multiple networks and over the range of issues and concerns that constitute social life. Although they are economically disadvantaged; they have supportive social networks which act as a buffer against vulnerability, shocks and livelihood constraints. The informal networks support children socially, morally, economically and remain resilient feature in their street life. As survival requires grouping, their relations and way of life is characterized by hierarchies and power relations. The informal network established by street children extends to non-street social actors. In these interactions street children attempt to draw benefits and at the same time want to establish trust.</p>
7
Mezgebe, Bineyam. "Sustainable Stormwater Management: Applying Green Infrastructure Principles in Addis Ababa." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1258489866.
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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.<br>Advisor: Xinhao Wang. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 22, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Storm Water Runoff; Green Infrastructure; Addis Ababa; Urban Planning; Environmental Planning; GIS. Includes bibliographical references.
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Abate, Iwnetu Yinagn. "Analysis and design of online public service in Addis Ababa." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257326.
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This thesis deals with the barriers of e-government in Ethiopia. The main goal of this thesis is to identify the problems associated with Passport application/registration and tries to provide an appropriate solution. The thesis discusses the current situation of e-government in Ethiopia and analyzes the extent of coverage of such services in the country. Once the drawbacks are found out, the author proposes an online service portal. This portal will be based on the literature, personal experience and sample surveys conducted.
In the practical part, a web application was created using HTML5, CSS3 and PHP. The application includes details information about the user (passport applicant), such as full name, date of birth, address and other attributes. This data is inserted into a SQL database, which will feed the data to the web application.
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Kussa, Fekadu Gurmessa. "The constraints of urban road passenger transport system in Addis-Ababa (Ethiopia)." Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100043.
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Cette thèse porte sur les contraintes auxquelles est confronté le système de transport urbain de passagers à Addis-Abeba (Éthiopie) dans un contexte d'urbanisation rapide et de croissance économique marquée par des effets locaux de la mondialisation qui contribuent à la fabrique urbaine. Elle analyse la combinaison complexe de facteurs qui déterminent la mobilité urbaine à Addis-Abeba, capitale aujourd’hui en pleine expansion de l’un des pays les moins développés, qui doit faire face aux diverses manifestations de la pauvreté de masse. La thèse est basée sur des méthodes de recherche quantitatives et qualitatives combinées, ainsi que sur la mobilisation de corpus théoriques relatifs à la planification urbaine et aux modèles de transports. Après avoir rappelé que l’étalement dans la dispersion, lié à l’histoire de la nappe urbaine, a été exacerbé par l'urbanisation rapide contemporaine, non ou mal contrôlée par les pouvoirs publics, la thèse analyse les goulots d'étranglement institutionnels, en particulier le manque de coordination, d'intégration et de synergie au sein de la sphère publique en charge de la gestion urbaine. Elle met l’accent sur l’importance cruciale de l’exclusion sociale (50% de la population sous seuil de pauvreté absolue), 70% des habitants d’Addis-Abeba pouvant se déplacer uniquement à pied et sur les graves déficiences des infrastructures comme de l’actuelle gestion des transports de passagers. Elle propose des pistes de réflexion et d’action pour tenter de résoudre la question des transports<br>This thesis deals with the constraints facing the system of urban passenger transport in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) in a context of rapid urbanization and economic growth marked by the local effects of globalization. It analyzes the complex combination of factors which determine the urban mobility in Addis-Ababa: a burgeoning city of the least developed country struggling with various symptoms and manifestations of mass poverty. The thesis is based on mixed method research with its concurrent triangulation variant as well as social concepts, theories, essential ideas related to urban planning and transport issues. The study revealed that the rapid urbanization that is either not; or poorly controlled by the public authorities has impacted transport service provision. The thesis analyzes the institutional bottlenecks, in particular the lack of coordination, integration and synergy within the public sphere in charge of urban transport service delivery. It puts emphasis on the crucial importance of social exclusion (50% of the population in absolute poverty threshold), 70% of the inhabitants of Addis-Ababa that can move only on foot and in a situation of serious deficiencies of the requisite of the passenger transport infrastructure. It offers avenues of reflection and action to try to resolve the issue of transport in the capital
10
Dybsland, Nanna. "Children’s Institutions : A study of Children’s Homes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17046.
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The issues that children in Ethiopia face are some of the most challenging in the World. The situation for millions of Ethiopian children can only be described as a crisis. As a result many thousands of Ethiopian children have been placed into institutions because their parents are either no longer living or are unable to care for them. The study sought to focus on children’s institutions. Specifically, the study aimed at discovers how children’s institutions were built up and organized. How the institutions are making a home for children, and what limitations and opportunities children get by staying in the children’s homes. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Primary- data was collected through interviews and observation, and secondary-data from various sources were used. Results show there is a great difference in how children’s homes in Addis Ababa are built-up and organized. To distinguish between the different children’s homes theory of total institution were used differences are in what kind of fences, guards and how the children’s homes were looking. The study shows that there are numerous sad stories from the children’s homes, but there are also stories of attachment and belonging. For the children growing up in institutional care in Ethiopia there will be limitations for moving around on their own. However, there are also opportunities for children in institutions compared to other children in Ethiopia. Children in institutions have a better chance of getting an education than children growing up in a low-income family. This study recommends that further emphasis be given children in institutions and their needs. In the Ethiopian context there is a great need of improving and focusing on the alternative solutions since children in institutions will never be a recommended solution. However, for children in institutions there is a need of improving their stay to be as good as possible. The focus of improving children with the basic needs should also provide them with emotional needs, of love, care and emotional support. Since many of the children are suffering from a harsh background there is a need of improving the emotional support given to those children suffering from their background.
11
Tegegn, Ferezer. "Physico-chemical pollution pattern along Akaki River basin, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80460.
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The present study focuses on the analysis of physico-chemical parameters: electrical conductivity, nitrate and phosphate in the Akaki River basin of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. These secondary water quality parameters were obtained from two different sources: the surface water quality data both for Little and Great Akaki were retrieved from Addis Ababa Environmental Protection Agency (AAEPA). Whereas, the groundwater quality data for four water wells were obtained from Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA). These water quality parameters have been determined in order to assess the pollution levels of Akaki River basin. The values of the parameters have been evaluated with respect to the maximum acceptable standard level of WHO (World Health Organization) for surface and drinking water. The outcome of the study observed absence of spatial and temporal pattern both on surface and groundwater but displayed a huge variation. The result also showed increasing concentration and variation of all parameters inside and outside the city of Addis Ababa with increasing industrialization and urbanization. Comparison also showed that the little Akaki is highly polluted as compared to Great Akaki River. The ground water chemistry also showed a high phosphate load in all of the productive wells. On the contrary, all the wells displayed nitrate level below WHO standard and they are free from Nitrate. KEY WORDS: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Physico-chemical, Little and Great Akaki, AAEPA, AAWSA, Spatial, temporal.
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Gurmu, Eshetu. "Fertility transition driven by poverty : the case of Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417808.
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Baus, Lee-Wei Daniel [Verfasser]. "Aufbau einer nachhaltigen Abfallbewirtschaftung in Addis Ababa / Lee-Wei Daniel Baus." Flensburg : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Flensburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1076366392/34.
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Eriksson, Malin, and Jonathan Sigvant. "Causes and impact of surface water pollution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388360.
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Surface water is globally becoming more and more a scarce resource, and in Addis Ababa the capital of Ethiopia, river water quality has been degraded due to anthropological forcing for many years. Therefore, the study objective was to investigate causes and impact of surface water pollution in Kebena and Great Akaki rivers. The technical aspect of the study focused on analysing the parameters E. coli, phosphate, nitrate and total ammonia nitrogen in 34 different sampling sites in the western part of the Great Akaki catchment. The other aspect was to evaluate authorities’ and companies’ perspective on the water quality, usage and future plans to mitigate further pollution of rivers. Another perspective was to interview households and farmers regarding their view on usage, water quality and health risks. The main finding was a high surface water contamination in both Kebena and Akaki river, throughout the city, mostly from domestic, municipality and industrial wastewater and solid waste. E. coli concentrations exceeded thresholds given by WHO. Concentrations of phosphate and total ammonia nitrogen strongly indicated eutrophication. Nitrate values were lower than expected with no perceived healthrisk. The interview study with authorities, households and farmers indicated irrigation as the main usage. Little to moderate health risks perceived by farm users and high health risks perceived by authorities for farmers were found. Therefore, addressing a stronger collaboration between authorities and the local community is important. In addition, the implementation of mitigation strategies should be strengthened and the stakeholders need to be accountable for their actions. A continued monitoring of pollutants as well as a multi-sectoral approach to solidwaste and wastewater management will help improve the river water quality.<br>Ytvatten blir globalt allt mer en knapp resurs och i Addis Abeba, huvudstaden i Etiopien, har flodernas vattenkvalitet under många år försämrats på grund av antropogen påverkan. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka orsaker och påverkan på ytvattenföroreningar i floderna Kebena och Akaki. Den tekniska aspekten av studien inkluderar vattenanalyser av parametrarna E.coli, fosfat, nitrat och totalt ammonium kväve som utfördes på 34 olika provtagningsplatser i västra delen av Great Akakis avrinningsområde. Den andra aspekten var att utvärdera myndigheters och företags perspektiv på vattenkvalité, flodvattnets användningsområden och framtida planer för förbättring av föroreningsgraden i floderna. Ett annat perspektiv var att intervjua hushåll och lantbrukare angående deras bild av ytvattenanvändning, om vattenkvaliteten och hälsorisker. Studiens huvudsakliga upptäckt är en genomgående hög föroreningsgrad i stadens flodvatten. Föroreningen består till största del av avlopp och avfall från hushåll, kommuner och industrier. Koncentrationerna av E.coli överskred WHO:s gränsvärden. Halterna av fosfat och totalt ammoniumkväve indikerade övergödning. Nitratvärdena visade lägre halter än förväntat och därmed ingen påvisad hälsorisk. Intervjustudien med myndigheter, hushåll och lantbrukare påvisade att ytvattnet mest används för bevattning av åkermark. Lantbrukarna uppfattade en liten till medelhög hälsorisk med denna användning, medan myndigheter ansåg att lantbrukarna utsattes för en hög risk. Därför är ett starkare samarbete mellan myndigheter och samhället viktigt. Dessutom behöver implementationen av förbättringsåtgärder förbättras och alla aktörer måste göras ansvariga för sina handlingar. En fortsatt övervakning av föroreningar och ett multi-disciplinärt arbetssätt vid avfall- och avloppshantering kommer att vara till hjälp vid förbättring av vattenkvaliteten i floden.
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Ayerbe, Delphine. "La forêt d'eucalyptus à Addis Abeba : valorisation, gestion et préservation de la ressource boisée dans une capitale en expansion." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H102/document.
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Cette thèse interroge la place des espaces forestiers dans une capitale africaine en mutation. Introduit à Addis Abeba il y a un peu plus de 100 ans l'eucalyptus a permis de répondre aux demandes des populations en bois d'œuvre et bois énergie. Les plantations constitutives de la forêt urbaine et périurbaine ont été développées au rythme de croissance démographique de la capitale. Mais les orientations nouvelles prises par les aménageurs urbains valorisent l'avancée d'un bâti vertical, qui ne s'accorde plus avec le voisinage de ces espaces verts productifs. De plus, l'espèce est décriée pour ses effets supposés néfastes sur l'environnement. Au cours de cette étude nous cherchons à saisir la dualité qui s'installe entre la volonté de valoriser une image moderne de la capitale éthiopienne et la continuité de pratiques forestières populaires, à l'œuvre dans ces territoires boisés. En nous basant sur des enquêtes qualitatives auprès des décideurs urbains et des acteurs de la filière eucalyptus nous interrogeons les nouvelles pratiques de l'environnement à Addis Abeba. La surreprésentation d'instances internationales joue dans la diffusion d'un discours global qui influence les perceptions de l'arbre par les autorités urbaines. Ces dernières discutent les fonctionnalités à valoriser dans ces territoires boisés tout en contrôlant l'accès à la ressource et les pratiques liées à l'eucalyptus. Les tensions qui animent les choix d'aménagement des acteurs urbains montrent les difficultés à concilier enjeux environnementaux et économiques dans la métropole addissienne<br>This thesis explores the evolving place of forest areas in a changing African capital. Eucalyptus has been introduced in Addis Ababa more than 100 years ago in order to meet the locals' demand for timber as well as wood fuel. This urban and suburban forest was planted together with the capital's population growth. Yet, the new planning choices made by local authorities promote the advance of a vertical built environment, which is not anymore consistent with the proximity of those productive green areas. Moreover, this variety is highly criticized for its alleged harmful impacts on the environment. This study seeks to give an account of the duality that arise between the will to provide the Ethiopian capital with a modem image and the continuity of popular forestry practices at work on those forest areas. The analysis is based on a qualitative survey of urban authorities and stakeholders of the "eucalyptus' chain" strategies and explores the new environmental practices in Addis Ababa. The over-representation of international stakeholders in the city is an ideal vector for the promotion of global narratives which influence the local authorities' perceptions of that tree. Indeed, local authorities promote some specific functions for the forest, while controlling the access to the resource and the practices linked to the eucalyptus. The tensions that drive the urban authorities' planning choices highlight the difficulties in reconciling environmental and economic stakes in Addis Ababa
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Hussen, Berhanu Woldetensae. "Sustaining Sustainable Mobility : the Integration of Multimodal Public Transportation in Addis Ababa." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2042/document.
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Addis-Abeba, qui s’étend sur 540 km2 et compte 3,1 millions d’habitants, connait aujourd’hui des transformations socio-économiques et spatiales rapides. Elle n’est pas seulement le coeur politique, commercial, économique et financier du pays mais aussi une ville internationale accueillant le siège de l’Union africaine et d’autres institutions internationales. Comme d’autres villes africaines, elle connait un rythme élevé d’urbanisation. Ce processus a impliqué la croissance du nombre d’habitants mais aussi une extension spatiale accrue. En conséquence, la demande de déplacements et la longueur des parcours ont augmenté. Le transport joue ainsi un rôle clé, pesant sur le développement socio-économique et la configuration de l’espace urbain. Tout aussi important, en tant que demande dérivée, il joue sur la capacité des citadins à accomplir leurs diverses activités. La motorisation des ménages restant faible en dépit d’une lente progression, le transport public constitue le principal moyen d’accès à une mobilité motorisée pour la majorité de la population. L’offre est constituée d’une multitude d’opérateurs formels et informels, travaillant selon un schéma artisanal. On estime à plus de 18 000 les véhicules de transport public, la plupart de faible capacité, qui parcourent chaque jour les rues d’Addis-Abeba. En dépit de son importance, le transport public souffre de capacités d’investissement insuffisantes ainsi que, jusqu’à récemment, du manque d’une politique publique claire et affirmée. Il pâtit également de l’absence d’une approche intégrée, pour sa planification, sa gestion et sa mise en oeuvre. De nombreuses villes du Nord, parfois depuis près d’un demi-siècle, ont choisi de construire un service intégré de transport public. L’intégration y est vue comme un outil viable pour offrir un transport urbain de haute qualité et « sans couture », permettant un développement urbain durable. Par contre, les villes africaines, caractérisées par une urbanisation rapide, des taux d’équipement automobile faibles, un système de transport public déficient et des contraintes financières majeures manquent de telles expériences d’intégration du transport public. Notre question est donc : « Comment les villes africaines peuvent-elles reproduire et mettre en oeuvre des politiques d’intégration du transport public ? », originellement développées dans les villes du Nord. La thèse essaie d’apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse des différentes formes d’intégration du transport public. Puis elle propose un schéma de conception et de mise en oeuvre d’un système de transport public intégré, appréhendé comme un outil de mobilité urbaine durable pour Addis-Abeba<br>Addis Ababa, with an area of 540 km2 and with population of 3.1 million people is experiencing a rapid pace of socio-economic and physical transformation. The city is not only the political, commercial, economic and financial hub of the country but also an international city serving as the seat of the African Union and various international organizations. Alike many African Cities, Addis Ababa has been undergoing a high rate of urbanization. This process of rapid urbanization has resulted in the increase in the size of the population and the physical expansion of the city. As a consequence, travel demand and length of the trip are increasing. Transportation plays a key role in determining the socioeconomic development and shaping the spatial development framework of the city. Equally important, transportation as derived demand is also a fundamental means for residents to fulfill their various activities. In Addis Ababa motorization, although on the increase, is low and public transportation is the most important mode of motorized mobility for the large majority of the city’s population. There are various formal and informal operators of the public transport mainly operating on individual basis. It is estimated that there are over 18,000 public transport vehicles that are daily running in Addis Ababa, most of them low capacity vehicles. Despite its importance, the public transport sector not only suffers from shortage, insufficient capital investment, and until recently lack of clear governmental policy and leadership but also from the absence of integrated approach to its operation, planning and management.Many cities in the North have embarked on integrating the provision of public transportation for nearly half a century now. In these cities, integration in public transportation has been recommended as a viable instrument for providing high quality and seamless urban transport and enhancing sustainable urban development. African cities which are characterized by their high urbanization rate, low level of private car ownership, deficient public transportation system and significant financial constraints lack public transportation integration experiences. The question is then ‘how do African cities replicate and implement public transport integration practices?’ that have been originally developed for the Cities of the North. The thesis attempts to answer this question and analyses the different forms of public transport integration. It then proposes a framework for implementing integrated public transport as a sustainable means of urban mobility in Addis Ababa
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Mohammed, Ahmed. "Household viability and the informal sector : the case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357124.
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Desta, Naomi I. (Naomi Iskindir). "Land management reform in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : implmentating a public leasehold system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65698.
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Teferi, Zafu Assefa. "Slum Regeneration and Development of Sustainable Communities: A Case of Addis Ababa." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69386.
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Slum settlements in Addis Ababa are examined in this thesis through a sustainability lens. The Modernist slum clearance approach improves physical and economic conditions but removes the community fabric. An Organic approach using ‘leapfrog’ technologies and in-situ upgrading of infrastructure is suggested to resolve this dilemma and help to create a more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable settlement in emerging cities.
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Finessi, Martina. "Muslims' participation in Ethiopian Civil Society: findings from field research in Addis Ababa." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11852.
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This thesis is an investigation into the Ethiopian Civil Society, with a focus on Muslims’participation and activities. This research is the result of a series of interviews carried on in AddisAbaba during my staying there thank to a scholarship from Pavia University.Chapter One is a general introduction of the study, presenting the object, the methodology anduse of sources as well as the state of the current research of the topics covered by this research.Chapter Two is a framework chapter about Islām in Ethiopia offering an historical perspective aswell as focusing on its characteristics and current developments. Chapter Three deals withEthiopian Civil Society characteristics and with its legal framework. Chapter Four constitutes thecore of this research: in it, I collected the findings of my research describing the presence ofMuslims into Ethiopian Civil Society. I analyzed the activities and characteristics of the differentorganizations and associations that I met in Addis Ababa, their self-representation concerningtheir being related with Islām and their opinions on Muslims’ marginalization and lack of nonpoliticizationin Ethiopia. A set of conclusions constitutes the last section of the thesis.
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Ansved, Julia, and Maja Lingerhed. "Ethiopian nurses' work with primary prevention : a minor field study in Addis Ababa." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2332.
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Background One central task within nursing is health promotion, which can be done at different levels. Primary prevention aims to promote health and protect against illness by preventing problems before they occur. HIV is still a worldwide issue, yet Ethiopia is one country where efforts at preventing the spread of the virus have had positive results. Aim This study aimed to describe how nurses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, work with primary prevention to minimise the spread of HIV. Method The study was conducted as a qualitative field study at a hospital in Addis Ababa. Semi-structured interviews were held with seven nurses at four different units. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Result The nurses mentioned various efforts of preventing HIV, where the main findings describe the different hands-on methods at their unit as well as the nurses’ frequent work with health education and information. An additional finding outlines the setting in which the nurses carry out their preventive work. Conclusion In conclusion, the nurses worked in a variety of ways to prevent the spread of the virus to themselves and to their patients. Screening was an important effort to minimise the exposure to other non-infected individuals. Health education and information were quoted by the majority of the nurses, but it was impacted by the awareness that the patients already exhibited. The findings show the multitude of efforts attempted at all units, which highlight the significant presence and value of health promotion within nursing.
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Gebrehiwot, Kidane Ayele. "Suicide in Addis Ababa : A Mixed Method Study of Incidence and Societal Views." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-16792.
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Introduction: Suicide is a global public health and social problem affecting the most productive age group, and the elderly. In Addis Ababa, despite high suicide rates there is no proper registration and certification that is meant for public health purpose. This study is conducted to look into the incidence and explore societal views towards suicide in Addis Ababa. Methods: Secondary data was collected from registers of Forensic Pathology Department at Menilik II Hospital and Homicide Crimes Investigation Unit at Addis Ababa Police Commission. Qualitative data was also collected from experts having experience in helping suicide victims. Results: Between January 01 and December 31st 2015, 267 residents of Addis Ababa, majority of who are males, died due to suicide. Hanging being the most frequently used means, social isolation, mental illness, family conflict, economic problems and lack of religious commitment are perceived causes of suicide. Unavailability helping institutions and individual preference as to the method of suicide and individual nature of suicide are conditions that get the attention. While respect for social and religious values is considered as protective factors, the act of suicide is religiously criminal act. The victims of suicide include family and community members. Conclusion: There is a need to consider policy and programmatic actions directed towards suicide prevention and control. In addition to conducting community wide research in suicide, it is important to preserve social and cultural values; institutionalize traditional family conflict resolution practices and strengthen mental health institutions.<br><p>Enbart abstract.</p>
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Justine, Olausson. "Tomorrow Was The Golden Days : An Archive For SUpporting Collaboratie Mobility in Addis Ababa." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159211.
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Over the past two decades a body of scholarship on the Global South has begun to present new ways to conceptualize African cities and their spatio-temporal specificity. Despite this, the city of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia is moving towards the reestablishment of its faded glory through means of aspatial modernization. The city’s aspirations for distinction and visibility can be seen as responses to the variable scales of contemporary urban systems. As ‘place’ is arguably no longer a singular concept, cities are rooted in relational networks rather than in ‘place’ alone. ‘Locality’ thus extends beyond the physical site to include linkages with a network of places around the world. Using an art-based research methodology, this research contributes to the discourse of urban development in the Global South generally, and Addis Ababa specifically. Findings are juxtaposed through documentation that includes theoretical essays, reportage, survey-informed graphics, interviews, and excerpts from a short film series and an existing plan for the Megenegna area. Potentials and challenges of place-based conceptions of urbanism are discussed, linking to the legacy of the 1960s mechanical and social paradigms. The insitutional role of UN-Habitat in the global collective supports is discussed for potential to supports existing resources and demographics for improved mobility and accessibility.
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Cheru, Tesfaye Gudeta. "Assessment of job satisfaction amongst physicians working in Public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8220.
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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Introduction
The Human Resource Strategic Plan of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health lists current health workforce problems as a high attrition rate among public service physicians, poor human resource management, non-conducive working conditions and high workloads. In Addis Ababa's
public hospitals, the turnover of physicians is high and - as repeatedly and informally reported by hospital managers - the presence of the contributory factors listed above are also anecdotally thought to be present. These factors present a serious challenge to the delivery of high quality health care services and their presence indicates that the job satisfaction of physicians is likely to be low. However, factors responsible for job dissatisfaction among physicians and their implications for staff turnover have not been studied or documented in the context of Ethiopia's health system. It was this scenario that motivated the researcher to conduct this study in order to assist policy makers in taking appropriate actions, if and as required. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the level of job satisfaction, the factors influencing job
satisfaction and the consequences of job satisfaction among physicians in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objectives: • To describe the job satisfaction levels of physicians in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia • To identify factors affecting the job satisfaction levels of physicians • To assess possible consequences linked to physicians' job satisfaction levels. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction, composed of 65 individual variables grouped within 13 dimensions and adapted to the Ethiopian context from the
Job Descriptive Index and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. An additional questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables and the possible consequences of low job satisfaction. Analysis: A composite job satisfaction score was obtained by summing the individual answers for each of the variables to assess overall job satisfaction. Bivariate analysis was undertaken, using 2X2 tables (with 95% confidence intervals) to calculate the prevalence ratio for each of the potential causes and consequences of low job satisfaction, using the composite score cut-off levels of job satisfaction. Multivariate analysis was undertaken to obtain the adjusted prevalence odds ratios
for both the potential causes and consequences of low job satisfaction, using multiple logistic regression analysis.
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Dinbabo, Berhane Tessema. "Transformational leadership and health related NGOs in Ethiopia: Members' perspectives of their leaders - A case study of Addis Ababa Network of PLHIV Associations (ANOPA+)." University of the Western cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5393.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)<br>Clarifying the nexus between leadership and organisational effectiveness across the world remains a significant challenge that has raised robust scholarly debate. A wide range of conceptual models have been provided on effective leadership. But, at the global level few empirical studies have been done to examine transformational leadership in the context of Non-Government Organisations (NGOs). In line with the leadership theory and conceptual framework, this study sought to analyse members' perception of their leaders, using a case study NGO in Addis Ababa. The researcher employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methodology used questionnaire surveys based on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to assess the dominant leadership style within ANOPA+. Qualitative methodology was applied through semi-structured interviews, in order to deepen the understanding of the existing leadership style based on the members' perception of the organisation. The results of the study indicated that transformational leadership motivated followers to attain more than they thought possible, by appealing to followers self-esteem and inspiring them to go beyond self-centered interests. In addition, the research process identified five
important gaps that impede the successful implementation of ANOPA+'s programme. First, this study revealed that ANOPA+ leaders failed to use, or lacked a proper understanding of, transformational leadership skills. Second, this empirical research, discovered that the dominant leadership style within ANOPA+ was transactional leadership. Third, this research confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference between the perception of staff and volunteers regarding the leadership style within ANOPA+. Fourth, the field data assessment showed that HIV/AIDS status is the crucial criterion for appointment as a leader in ANOPA+. However, ANOPA+ members believed that effective leaders should have a combination of the knowledge, skills and competencies that followers can use to perform their day-to-day work. Fifth, the study identified that the appointment of women in leadership positions within ANOPA+ is very low. Within the context of the above mentioned analysis, the study finally brings into focus general observations gained from the investigation and provides recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders.
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Chekole, Zelalem fenta. "Controlling the informal sector : Solid waste collection and the Addis Ababa City administration, 2003-2005." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-936.
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<p>This study is about the intervention of the Addis Ababa City Government in regulating door-to-door solid waste collection activity, which was handled by the pre-existing informal solid waste collectors. The intervention was done by organizing and integrating government sponsored Micro and Small Scale Enterprises (MSSEs). Thus, the study examines how the pre-existing informal solid waste collecting actors were organized and functioning; the intentions of the intervention; the responses of the informal solid waste collecting actors and its implications on the existing interactions among various actors in the power matrix of solid waste collection. </p><p>The actor-oriented approach is adopted as a theoretical framework in order to address the problems at hand. The actor-oriented approach has an analytical power in examining how external interventions entered into the life worlds of actors, mediated, incorporated and often substantially transformed by the ongoing interactions that take place between the pre-existing actors and the newly intervening MSSEs. Moreover, it signifies how actors in the solid waste collection are involved in a series of `battles´ over resources, institutional legitimacy and control. Methodologically the actor-oriented approach presupposes in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of individuals. Accordingly, this study depends on qualitative techniques. The study focuses on three selected enterprises from the informal, private formal and MSSEs. Apart from this, the views of individuals from other similar enterprises were considered so as to get a more comprehensive picture of the problem. </p><p>Door-to-door solid waste collection as an employment sector has drawn the attention of the provisional city government since it’s very set up in 2003. Consequently, the city government organized and integrated several MSSEs without due consideration of the pre-existing informal solid waste collectors who have accumulated experience and knowledge in the sector. This study also evidenced that the integration of the MSSEs is a more politicized intervention driven by merely boosting the employment figure and ensuring political control. The pre-existing informal solid waste collectors react to the government intervention in different ways; among others, conflicts, competition and cooperation against the MSSEs and rarely negotiations are worth mentioning. The rivalry interactions and intense competition between the pre-existing and newly integrated MSSEs adversely affected the revenues of the enterprises and the working environment as a whole. The MSSEs who are obviously operating based on loans from formal financial institutions are less likely to pay back their debt and simultaneously to finance the wages of the operators. So that the MSSEs are highly susceptible to disintegration and of course many do so. Consequently, the city government is trapped within the cycle of organizing and integrating many new MSSEs into the sector while others are getting dissolved. This calls for a more inclusive intervention with sound understanding of how the pre-existing informal solid waste collecting enterprises have been operating and keen identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system. Moreover, politicising such interventions for the sake of advancing other interests complicates the problem than do as part of the solution.</p>
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Guntermann, Felix [Verfasser]. "Addis Ababa Airport zwischen Globalisierung und Fragmentierung : Ein Hub in Raum und Zeit / Felix Guntermann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185576142/34.
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G/Egziabher, Axumite. "Urban agriculture, cooperative organisation and the position of the urban poor in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283172.
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Garretson, P. P. "A history of the city of Addis Ababa from its foundation in 1886 to 1910." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484352.
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Kebede, Getahun Fenta. "Social Capital and the Urban Informal Economy:The Case of Street Vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367980.
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Micro-enterprise development has become one of the most important approaches to reduce poverty in the LDCs. Like other LDCs, in Ethiopia micro-enterprise development forms the major component in the promotion of broad based growth and improvement of the well-being of the poor by providing income generating opportunities. Accordingly, formalizing informal sector activities has become one of the priorities of micro-enterprise programs. The main aspect of micro-enterprise programs is the use of social capital as a substitute for collateral in providing credit and forming enterprise groups. Despite the significance of social capital in micro-enterprise programs in particular and the informal economy in general, its nature and potential contributions remain under-investigated in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine the configuration of social capital among the poor street vendors in Addis Ababa. The study has employed the network approach to social capital. Data were collected from 154 street vendors living in Addis Ababa. Multi-stage sampling procedures involving purposive and systematic random-walk techniques were used to draw samples. The study applies a mixed-methods research design. Accordingly, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through name and position generator surveys and in-depth interviews. While the quantitative data were analyzed through social network analysis procedures and statistical techniques, the data from interviews were transcribed, classified, and presented in a narrative form. Two-sample T-test, one-way-ANOVA, and OLS and Instrumental Variable regression models were used as statistical tools for the study. The results of the study reveal that homophily in religion and ethnic lines forms the strongest divide among street vendors’ personal networks followed by sex and marital status homophily. However, street vendors exhibit heterophilous networks regarding income, age, and occupation. Street vendors demonstrate dense, less effective, less efficient, and highly constrained network structures. They also exhibit greater proportion of strong ties in their personal networks. Street vendors have most of their relationships with people of lower occupational prestige. In addition, they have low access to high prestige positions, low resource heterogeneity, and low social capital volume.
Comparisons of networks between gender and among ethnic groups show the presence of significant differences. Women’s network exhibits larger percentage of strong ties and more ethnic and religious homogeneity than men. Also, women exhibit small network size, less effective, and highly constrained networks. Network characteristics by ethnic group shows that the Gurages exhibit high proportions of strong ties and high levels of ethnic homophily but embedded in networks of diverse education, occupation, and income compared to the Amharas and the Oromos. Conversely, the Amharas have diverse ethnic and religious contacts and demonstrate relatively high proportions of weak ties than others. Structurally, while the Gurages exhibit large network size with dense and less effective networks; the Amharas display small network size and less dense networks. The overall heterogeneity index shows that the Gurages exhibit more heterogeneous networks than the Amharas and the Oromos. By examining network dynamics, the study also reveals significant changes in the number and nature of ties kept, ties lost, and new ties created over the phases of enterprise development. There have also been changes in network composition and structure over the three entrepreneurial phases. The study further investigated the effect of social capital in enterprise performance. Four separate regression models were fitted to predict the effect of relational, structural, and embedded resources dimensions of social capital on enterprise performance. After controlling the potential endogeneity problem of social capital, the estimation results revealed that the resources embedded in networks contribute positively to enterprise performance compared to the strength of ties and the structural constraint. Human capital measures, on the other hand, do not significantly predict enterprise performance.
The implications of the outcomes of the study is that in providing credit and establishing enterprise groups, micro-enterprise programs should evaluate the trade-off between strong versus weak ties and homogeneity versus heterogeneity of networks. While religion, ethnicity, gender, and marital status homophily as well as strong family and friendship ties are worthwhile for credit delivery and forming enterprise groups, network heterogeneity is central for enterprise success. Overall, it is unlikely that social problems can be resolved without analyzing the social ties of individuals in particular and the community in general. Thus, it is imperative to conduct further studies in a broader scope to advance the significance of social capital for poor targeted development interventions in Ethiopia.
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Kebede, Getahun Fenta. "Social Capital and the Urban Informal Economy:The Case of Street Vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1503/1/Thesis-Kebede%2C_Getahun_Fenta_Final.pdf.
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Micro-enterprise development has become one of the most important approaches to reduce poverty in the LDCs. Like other LDCs, in Ethiopia micro-enterprise development forms the major component in the promotion of broad based growth and improvement of the well-being of the poor by providing income generating opportunities. Accordingly, formalizing informal sector activities has become one of the priorities of micro-enterprise programs. The main aspect of micro-enterprise programs is the use of social capital as a substitute for collateral in providing credit and forming enterprise groups. Despite the significance of social capital in micro-enterprise programs in particular and the informal economy in general, its nature and potential contributions remain under-investigated in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine the configuration of social capital among the poor street vendors in Addis Ababa. The study has employed the network approach to social capital. Data were collected from 154 street vendors living in Addis Ababa. Multi-stage sampling procedures involving purposive and systematic random-walk techniques were used to draw samples. The study applies a mixed-methods research design. Accordingly, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through name and position generator surveys and in-depth interviews. While the quantitative data were analyzed through social network analysis procedures and statistical techniques, the data from interviews were transcribed, classified, and presented in a narrative form. Two-sample T-test, one-way-ANOVA, and OLS and Instrumental Variable regression models were used as statistical tools for the study. The results of the study reveal that homophily in religion and ethnic lines forms the strongest divide among street vendors’ personal networks followed by sex and marital status homophily. However, street vendors exhibit heterophilous networks regarding income, age, and occupation. Street vendors demonstrate dense, less effective, less efficient, and highly constrained network structures. They also exhibit greater proportion of strong ties in their personal networks. Street vendors have most of their relationships with people of lower occupational prestige. In addition, they have low access to high prestige positions, low resource heterogeneity, and low social capital volume.
Comparisons of networks between gender and among ethnic groups show the presence of significant differences. Women’s network exhibits larger percentage of strong ties and more ethnic and religious homogeneity than men. Also, women exhibit small network size, less effective, and highly constrained networks. Network characteristics by ethnic group shows that the Gurages exhibit high proportions of strong ties and high levels of ethnic homophily but embedded in networks of diverse education, occupation, and income compared to the Amharas and the Oromos. Conversely, the Amharas have diverse ethnic and religious contacts and demonstrate relatively high proportions of weak ties than others. Structurally, while the Gurages exhibit large network size with dense and less effective networks; the Amharas display small network size and less dense networks. The overall heterogeneity index shows that the Gurages exhibit more heterogeneous networks than the Amharas and the Oromos. By examining network dynamics, the study also reveals significant changes in the number and nature of ties kept, ties lost, and new ties created over the phases of enterprise development. There have also been changes in network composition and structure over the three entrepreneurial phases. The study further investigated the effect of social capital in enterprise performance. Four separate regression models were fitted to predict the effect of relational, structural, and embedded resources dimensions of social capital on enterprise performance. After controlling the potential endogeneity problem of social capital, the estimation results revealed that the resources embedded in networks contribute positively to enterprise performance compared to the strength of ties and the structural constraint. Human capital measures, on the other hand, do not significantly predict enterprise performance.
The implications of the outcomes of the study is that in providing credit and establishing enterprise groups, micro-enterprise programs should evaluate the trade-off between strong versus weak ties and homogeneity versus heterogeneity of networks. While religion, ethnicity, gender, and marital status homophily as well as strong family and friendship ties are worthwhile for credit delivery and forming enterprise groups, network heterogeneity is central for enterprise success. Overall, it is unlikely that social problems can be resolved without analyzing the social ties of individuals in particular and the community in general. Thus, it is imperative to conduct further studies in a broader scope to advance the significance of social capital for poor targeted development interventions in Ethiopia.
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Di, Nunzio Marco. "'The Arada have been eaten' : living through marginality in Addis Ababa's inner city." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:087b3057-1484-496f-b5cd-f24adcdebc21.
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This thesis examines marginality as a regime of interconnectedness. Drawing on the ethnographic material from a 16-month-fieldwork between October 2009 and December 2010 on the street economy and streetlife in Arada, the old city centre of Addis Ababa’s inner city, I argue that marginalized subjects are not to be seen as social actors that inhabit and create alternative and parallel social, political and economic realities away from the mainstream society. Rather, the way the urban poor are connected and integrated in the broader political economy of the Ethiopian urban society frames and defines modalities, forms and experiences of marginality. From this perspective, this thesis focuses on the on-going reconfiguration of the street economy in Addis Ababa’s inner city. Since the early 2000s, the increasing concern with poverty reduction and good governance in the development agenda has concurred with the attempts of the ruling party to expand its machinery of political control and mobilization at the grassroots of urban society. In this context, under the impact of development programs promoting the establishment of small-scale enterprises, the street economy has undergone a pervasive process of formalization and politicization that has come to advance the realization of an authoritarian form of developmental state, while imposing a regime of unskilled and badly paid labour on the street. This thesis examines this process by looking at the history of streetlife in Arada, as a terrain of social, economic and political practice, and it recounts the everyday life and life trajectories of those involved in the street economy. In particular, I look at how the political reconfiguration of the street economy has come to intertwine with the way living through marginality and dealing with forms of social inequality on the street have been historically conceptualized and experienced in Addis Ababa’s inner city.
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Pierrat, Adeline. "Les lieux de l'ordure de Dakar et d'Addis Abäba : territoires urbains et valorisation non institutionnelle des déchets dans deux capitales africaines." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010662.
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Cette thèse questionne les liens entre les territoires urbains et la valorisation non institutionnelle des déchets dans deux capitales africaines, Dakar au Sénégal et Addis Abäba en Éthiopie. Ces relations sont interrogées à l’aune du contexte actuel de modernisation de ces agglomérations, qui ont fait du « vert » et surtout du « propre », de nouveaux paradigmes de leur développement. Tandis que la plupart des études portent sur les carences ou les défaillances de la gestion officielle des services urbains, cette recherche se focalise sur la valorisation des déchets, qui considère ces derniers comme une ressource. Celle-ci, de plus en plus mise en avant au Nord, est une forme de traitement qui redonne de la valeur aux ordures. Au Sud, et dans les deux capitales étudiées, elle est aux mains du secteur informel et des ménages. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse a pour ambition de comprendre, à travers leur valorisation non institutionnelle, comment les déchets participent à la construction de territoires et influent sur les évolutions urbaines actuelles à Dakar et Addis Abäba. La dimension spatiale du processus est étudiée à travers l’analyse et la mise en relation de ce que nous appelons les « lieux de l’ordure » (décharges, marchés des déchets, etc.) perçus comme marginaux. La comparaison et les enquêtes de terrains qualitatives (questionnaires et entretiens) donnent à voir les modalités du développement de la valorisation, ses spécificités et les dynamiques territoriales qu’elle produit. Cette thèse montre que ces dernières peinent à s’insérer dans les nouvelles donnes urbaines, voire interfèrent négativement avec les tentatives de régulation en cours. En revisitant la thématique de l’informel, ce travail questionne les possibilités de développement pour ‐ et les risques encourus par ‐ un processus fondamental pour faire des déchets une ressource urbaine en Afrique<br>This thesis examines the links between urban areas and non-institutional recycling in two African capitals : Dakar, Senegal and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. These connections are studied regarding the current state of modernisation of these metropolises, which have been going green and above all keeping it clean and became models of development. Most of the studies are about the lacks and the flaws of the bureaucratic management of the urban transit. This research focuses on recycling, which they see as resource. The latter, more and more promoted in the North, is a way of handling the rubbish that puts more value into it. As for the South and in those two capitals in particular, recycling is the hands of the informal sector and households. In this case, this thesis aims to understand through informal recycling how rubbish plays a part in the creation of territories and the current expansions of Dakar and Addis Ababa. The spatial dimension of the procedure is studied through the analysis and the links of what we call “rubbish spots” (rubbish tips, the waste market) are considered marginal. The comparison and qualitative field surveys (questionnaires and interviews) sho how recycling is developed, its specific features and the regional dynamism coming out of it. This thesis shows that the latter can barely be part of the new urban deal and that they have negative interference with the current regulations attempt. By revisiting the platform of the informal, this job questions the possible developments for – and the risks taken – for a fundamental process to trun rubbish into an urban resource on the African continent
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Alemayehu, Elias Yitbarek. "Revisiting "Slums", Revealing Responses : Urban upgrading in tenant-dominated inner-city settlements, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Urban Design and Planning, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2113.
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<p>About eighty percent of Addis Ababa’s settlements are considered “slum”. The study examines the phenomenon of urban upgrading in tenant-dominated non-planned inner-city settlements of the city. It focuses on tenants’ responses and spatial transformations. The phenomenon is investigated through the analysis of case studies located in three localities. The data are primarily collected through qualitative techniques supplemented by a quantitative technique. The investigation is carried out from the perspective in which upgrading is viewed as a process embedded in a dynamic context, rather than a decontextualised static project. Based on the case studies analytical generalizations are made. The study found neither the theories that assert the non-responsiveness of tenants nor the ones that emphasize the sole role of tenure security explain the reality and the needs of tenant-dominated settlements. The relationship among improved property rights, legal frameworks and grassroots organizations are rather found to be central in both stimulating tenants’ responses and curbing uncontrolled spatial transformations. The advantages of social network, connected to indigenous voluntary associations, are also found to be very instrumental in motivating and mobilising tenants. The study also found exclusion-right, in addition to the often emphasized use- and transaction rights of housing, as an important element, not only in unleashing the resources of low-income dwellers, but also in engaging them in upgrading processes. Equally important finding is the way the housing rights/values are manipulated to both avoid gentrification and sustain upgrading processes. Upgrading paradoxes, related to both uncontrolled spatial transformations and the need of the individual and the collective, are revealed and their possible remedy is indicated. The substantive findings are abstracted into generative themes, namely, triggers of change, trigger-based grassroots organizations and actors’ relationships. A trigger-based upgrading process is suggested and recommendations are put forward that lead to a differentiated and flexible policy.</p>
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Hagos, Seyfe. "Feasibility & design of PV-T polymer solar collector for real estate households in Addis Ababa." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-89784.
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A combined application of PV and polymer thermal solar collector (PVT) of solar energy for residential electricity and thermal demand can be harnessed sustainably with effective means at a time where long sun duration and most consistent solar irradiation throughout the year is available, in place like Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Due to frequent power shedding though out the country which Addis Ababa is part of problem, because of the energy demand in the country is increasing and a source of electricity is merely dependent on hydro power of rain which droughts are occurring frequently affecting the generation of the grid. Housing development, particularly the real estate Housing is booming since a couple of decade in Addis Ababa which theoverall PVT cost could be integrated with the cost of house construction. Although, currently, residential houses are constructed with various means, as an entail step, the real estate house are chosen to implement the PVT as most of the real estate house are targeting the higher income citizens who could offered the PVT installed residences. A number of real estate companies are engaged in wide range of house construction which the area and model of the houses are important in design of specific family house. In general the houses are categorized in to three main residential buildings such as apartments where a range inhabitant can be accommodated, town type house and Villa type housing.Feasibility and design of PVT is evaluated for the real estate residential houses of the main above mentioned house type where the results are suggestingencouraging outcomes of pay back and percentage of PVT cost with the price of house. Despite the cheap cost of grid electricity from hydropower, the PVT would be feasible with long term loan and low interest from government Banks to encourage customers of the real estate companies, and thereby the sector could contribute significant share in the energy consumption that can reduce power shedding problem of the country besides of the direct advantages of-3-inhabitants to access uninterrupted energy of heat and electricity. Electrical heater often face scaling and frequent breakdown and long maintenance that PVT polymer solar collector avoids the problems completely. The government policy for energy is principally directed towards renewable energy that can increase the energy generation of the country along the hydropower projects which solar energy shallalso cover major role in the renewable resources of energy use incities.The Solar energy is part of a five year plan (GTP) of the government to increase energy in cities, a cost effective polymer or plastic thermal solar collectors is employed in the PVT that can be used for generation of hot water for domestic use along with generation of electricity from PV modulesof PVT would be good means of application of solar energy. This master’s thesis paper will cover an application of PVT polymer solar collector for households in the growing sector of real estate in Addis Ababa city. However the efficiency of Photolytic PV cell is limited to maximum of 20 % and yet, the cost is getting cheaper from time to time that some more people in cities can afford it.The polymer thermal collector is less in cost than the conventional flat plate collector or vacuum tube collector and function properly to collect the thermal energy and facilitate more efficient use of the PV which the operating temperature of the PV module gets stable because of the heat removing effect of circulating fluid through thermal absorber.
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Tesfaye, Demdime Fantahun. "Integrating public transport networks and built environment. : The case of Addis Ababa and experiences from Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101815.
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Malara, Diego Maria. "The geometry of blessing : embodiment, relatedness, and exorcism amongst Ethiopian Orthodox Christians in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25841.
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This thesis is about kinship, neighbourliness, sainthood, fasting and exorcism among Orthodox Christians in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The uncertainties of providing for oneself and one’s family in the city make people deeply reliant on neighbours, kin, and religious networks in order to survive. But these dependencies are also sources of vulnerability—to the demands of close others and the harm they can inflict, but also, increasingly, to demonic possession. A recent surge in public exorcisms testifies to a broad sense of spiritual threat, as well as a perceived need to re-entrench the power and authority of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC) at a time when the effects of religious pluralism and modernization policies pose a particular challenge. In this thesis, I document the ways in which Orthodox Christians are working to re-situate and reframe their relationships with the EOC in their daily lives. I argue that these efforts are inherently relational, based on the sharing of blessing through substances such as holy water, and on various labours of devotion performed for others or on their behalf. Through fine-grained ethnography, this study finds kinship and other local networks, rather than institutional practices or large-scale rituals, to be the basis of religious action in the city. I show how ordinary people, faced with the contradictions between religious imperatives and the material necessities of life, seek blessing for themselves, their neighbours, and their kin, from powerful human and non-human intercessors and, in turn, how they become intercessors for others. I pay particular attention to the bodily and affective dimensions of these practices: how people fast together and for one another; how they circulate and consume holy water; and how they subject themselves to violent exorcistic interventions. For Orthodox Christians in Addis Ababa, these bodily practices constitute key methods for acting on the flesh, and thereby engaging with the basic problem of the fallen nature of humanity—which is felt to be particularly pressing in contemporary urban conditions. By taking such perspectives, my thesis aims to contribute to discussions of Christian embodiment, personhood, and subject-formation with a detailed study of the networks and relationships by which people build an intersubjective and interdependent ethics of daily life—an ethics, that is, which contrasts with the discourses of individual self-fashioning that have informed many recent studies of Christianity and piety in other world religions.
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Kinfu, Ashagrea Yohannes. "The quite revolution : an analysis of the change toward below-replacement-level fertility in Addis Ababa." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011218.163822/index.html.
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Kinfu, Ashagrea Yohannes, and yohannes@coombs anu edu au. "The Quite Revolution: An analysis of the change toward below-replacement-level fertility in Addis Ababa." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011218.163822.
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Rural-urban differentials in fertility behaviour are neither new nor surprising, but
a difference of over four children per woman as observed between rural Ethiopia
and the country's national capital, Addis Ababa, in 1990 is rare, possibly unique.
Reported fertility in Addis Ababa in 1990 was about 2.6 children per woman. By
the mid-1990s, it declined further to 1.8 children per woman. This study
investigates the dimensions, components and causes of this remarkable
reproductive change.
¶
The study specifically asks and seeks to answer the following questions. Is the
decline real, or is it merely an illusion created by faulty reporting? If it is real, how
has it come about? Did it result from a change in the onset of reproduction or a
decline in the proportion of women reaching high parities or both? And in what
context has such a fundamental, even revolutionary, change taken place in a
country and a continent that are mostly yet to join the global transition to a small
family-size norm.
¶
Data for the study were drawn from two national population censuses,
undertaken in 1984 and 1994, two fertility surveys, conducted in 1990 and 1995,
and a number of supplementary sources, including a qualitative study conducted
by the investigator. Results from the study confirm that the trend of declining
fertility and the recent fall to below-replacement-level are indeed real. As the
analysis shows the decline was largely driven by changes in the marriage pattern,
and supplemented by the increased propensity of fertility control observed across
all birth orders and age groups. All socio-economic groups in the city have had a
decline in cohort fertility and this was brought about both by shifts in population
composition (a composition effect) and increased intensity of fertility control
within each group (a rate effect). The institutional and cultural factors that are
believed to have prompted these changes are discussed in the thesis in some
detail.
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Weiner, Charlotte. "Skuld och skam : Etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av existentiella kval i palliativ hemsjukvård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4121.
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Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som vårdar svårt sjuka döende patienter konfronteras dagligen av sorg, frustration och svårvärderade symtom, där även etiska och kulturella aspekter ingår. I en allt mer personcentrerad och mångkulturell vårdmiljö ökar förväntningar och krav på sjuksköterskans yrkeskunskap. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av patienters uttryck för skuld och skam i palliativ hemsjukvård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, samt illustrera efterföljande omvårdnadshandlingar. Metod: Studien baseras på sjuksköterskors erfarenheter. Fokusgruppsdata insamlades under våren 2013, i Addis Ababa i Etiopien. Ljudinspelad data transkriberades och analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ systematisk textkondensering. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter visar att skuld- och skamkänslor i samband med obotlig sjukdom hör nära samman med tidigare livshandlingar. Skuld-och skamkänslor kunde enligt sjuksköterskorna vara såväl kulturellt som individuellt betingat. Kval sågs ibland leda till social och existentiell isolering. Sjuksköterskans roll var bekräftande och stödjande. Slutsats: I den här studien visar Etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter att svårt sjuka och döende patienter uttrycker skuld-och skamkänslor som kan leda till isolering. Sjuksköterskors medvetenhet om existentiella kval ur kulturella perspektiv kan främja en personcentrerad omvårdnad vid livets slut.<br>Background: Nurses who care for terminally ill and dying patients are daily confronted with underlying emotions such as grief and frustration including ethical and cultural dimensions. In a more person-centered, multicultural healthcare environment, the expectations and demands on nurses' professional knowledge increases. Aim: The purpose of this study is to elucidate Ethiopian nurses' experiences of patients expressions of guilt and shame in palliative care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to illustrate subsequent nursing actions. Methods: The study is based on nurses' experiences. Focus group data were collected during the spring of 2013, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Recorded audio data was transcribed and analyzed in accordance with qualitative systematic text condensation. Results: Nurses' experiences show that guilt and shame associated with incurable disease is closely related to past life deeds. Nurses' reported that patients often interpret diseases to their life choices and actions. Guilt and shame could, according to the nurses be both culturally and individually determined. The agony was sometimes seen to lead to social and existential isolation. The nurses’ role was confirmatory and supportive. Conclusions: This study shows Ethiopian nurses' experiences to seriously ill and dying patients expressing guilt and shame that can lead to isolation. Nurses' awareness of existential agony from the cultural perspective can promote a person-centered care at the end of life.
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Gebremeskel, Fanos Ashenafi [Verfasser]. "Structural Time Series Modelling of Crime Rates: the Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia / Fanos Ashenafi Gebremeskel." München : GRIN Verlag, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1183384556/34.
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Bergman, Lovisa, and Amanda Enocksson. "Design of a PV system with variations of hybrid system at Addis Ababa Institute of Technology." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170864.
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This paper proposes a renewable power generation system for Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT). The aim of hybridizing renewable energy sources is that the main load shall be covered by the available solar energy source and other sources shall function as a complement when there is a deficiency in the main source. The aim of the system is to cover outdoor lighting, which is also designed in this report, at the campus of AAiT during night. Due to frequent power outages in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the PV system has been designed to provide enough electricity supply to cover most of the offices in the Administration Building at AAiT. The solar potential of the site is based on monthly average data of solar irradiation provided by NASA. The optimum angle to mount the PV modules is determined through simulations based on irradiation on a horizontal surface. The design of outdoor lighting is based on giving a suitable illumination dependent on what the area is used for after sunset. The PV system was dimensioned to supply enough energy to light the campus. Four backups to the PV system were examined to find the optimal solution: battery, diesel generator and the two hybrid systems with battery and diesel generator or grid. The configurations made to find the optimized system were modeled in The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software. The most cost-effective system was determined by finding the Net Present Cost (NPC) and the Cost of Energy (COE) of each setup. A sensitivity analysis was carried out for the two most suitable setups: battery and diesel generator as backup and battery and grid as backup. The variables included in the sensitivity analysis were: PV capital cost, diesel- and conventional electricity price. Based on simulation results, it was found that a PV system with battery and grid as backup would give the most profitable investment. 53% of the energy use required by the setup would come from solar energy, and the remaining 47% from the national grid that produces electricity through hydroelectric power. Thus, the renewable fraction would be 100%. It would also provide the institute with a sustainable power system. The setup has a NPC of $ 32 548 and COE of 0.127 $/kWh. The economic evaluation of the final setup included a study of forecasting the electricity kWh-price in Ethiopia. It was determined that the tariff price would be more than twice as high (233%) at the end of the PV system's lifetime (25 years) to equal today's export tariff which resulted in an annual increase of 3.45%. For a more reliable sensitivity analysis the annual cost of the investment was compared to the estimated costs based on an annual electricity increase of 6.90%. To find the payback time of the investment, simulations were performed in MATLAB. The payback time for the system would be reached within the lifetime of the system if the electricity tariff would increase by 6.90%. It was found that the payback time would occur after 22 years.<br>I detta kandidatexamensarbete har ett förslag tagits fram på en lösning för ett förnybart energisystem på Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT). Syftet med ett förnybart system är att huvudbelastningen ska täckas av solenergi och andra källor ska fungera som sekundära energikällor då det råder brist på energi från huvudkällan. Systemets primära energianvändning är dimensionerat för att täcka energianvändningen av utomhusbelysning på AAiTs campus under natten. Då strömavbrott är regelbundet förekommande i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, är systemet anpassat för att kunna förse de administrativa kontoren på AAiT med elektricitet vid den typen av händelse. Potentialen av solenergi i Addis Ababa bestämdes baserat på genomsnittlig månadsdata för solstrålning tillhandahållen av NASA. Med hjälp av simuleringar baserade på strålningen mot en horisontell yta har den optimala vinkeln för solpanelernas montering bestämts. Dimensioneringen av utomhusbelysningen fastlades utifrån vilken belysningsstyrka området kräver baserat på dess användningsområde under natten. Det gav det totala energibehovet som solcellssystemet behövde täcka. Fyra backup-lösningar till solcellssystemet undersöktes för att finna den optimala lösningen: batteri, dieselgenerator, hybrid system med batteri och dieselgenerator samt batteri och uppkoppling mot elnätverket. Den primära kraftkällan i de fyra systemen var solpanelerna. Sammansättningen av komponenterna modellerades i mjukvaran The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). Det mest prisvärda systemet kunde hittas genom att nuvärdet av investeringen och kostnaden av energi per kWh beräknades. En känslighetsanalys utfördes på de två mest relevanta systemen: batteri och dieselgenerator som backup samt batteri och elnätverket som backup. Känslighetsanalysen innefattade variationer i dieselpris, inköpspris av solpaneler och landets nationella elnätspris. Det mest effektiva systemet bedömdes utifrån dess investeringskostnad och dess möjlighet att förse universitetet med nattbelysning. Ett önskemål var att täcka eventuella strömavbrott. Baserat på resultaten visade det sig att ett solcellssystem med elnätverket som backup ger den mest lönsamma investeringen. 53% av systemets energigenerering kom från solenergi, och de resterande 47% från elnätet som är helt drivet av vattenkraft. Den slutliga förnybarhetsfaktorn blev därför 100%. Investerings nuvärde är $ 32 548 och har en energikostnad på 0,127 $/kWh. Systemet klarar även att täcka eventuella strömavbrott under dagtid för att sedan kunna köpa ytterligare elektricitet under natten för att täcka den eventuella förlusten av solenergi som istället gick åt till att förse kontoren med el under dagen. En ekonomisk prognos togs fram för att kunna göra en rättvis bedömning av investeringens återbetalningstid. Den ekonomiska utvärderingen inkluderade en prognostisering av prisutvecklingen på elektricitet i Etiopien. Bedömningen var att tariffen kommer att bli mer än dubbelt så hög (233%) som dagens tariff för inrikes bruk inom livstiden för solcellssystemet vilken är 25 år. Detta för att motsvara den exporttariff som landet idag säljer för, vilket resulterade i en årlig ökning på 3,45%. För en mer omfattande känslighetsanalys jämfördes den årliga kostnaden för investeringen med en energianvändning från elnätet vars elpris ökas med 6,90% årligen. För att hitta återbetalningstiden för investeringen användes MATLAB som program för simuleringarna. Återbetalningstiden skulle vara uppnådd inom solpanelernas livstid om elkostnaden ökar med 6,90% årligen. Återbetalningstiden för det slutgiltiga systemet med solpaneler, inverterare, batteri och elnätet som backup-lösning hamnade på 22 år.
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Timoney, Ringström Miriam, and Elin Johansen. "HIV POSITIVE WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF STIGMA FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH : Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-244699.
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Introduktion: 1,2 miljoner människor lever med HIV/AIDS i Etiopien, men med rätt åtgärder kan en gravid, HIV-positiv kvinna minska risken för att smitta sitt barn till under 5 %. Trots detta upplever en majoritet av HIV-positiva patienter stigma från sjukvårdspersonal som kan leda till en minskad livskvalitet. Vårdpersonalens förståelse av stigma och kunskap om HIV är nödvändig för att utveckla strategier för att minska denna stigmatisering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka HIV-positiva kvinnors upplevelser av stigmatisering från vårdpersonal under graviditet och förlossning i Addis Ababa, Etiopien. Metod: En deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ ansats användes. Sju HIV-positiva kvinnor som har mottagit mödravård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, deltog med hjälp av bekvämlighet urval. Travelbees omvårdnadteori och en kognitiv modell av AIDS-relaterad stigma användes som teoretisk ram. Strukturerade intervjufrågor användes och data analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien har tre kategorier; Negativa reaktioner från vårdpersonal, Ingen känsla av stigma och Utbildning från vårdpersonal till kvinnorna. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade upplevt en händelse av HIV-relaterat stigma från vårdpersonal. Detta genom att bland annat känna sig annorlunda bemött på grund av sin diagnos eller genom att ha upplevt hur vårdpersonalen var överdrivet rädda för att bli smittade. Resultatet visar också att det finns vårdpersonal som utövar en vård utan stigmatisering samt att utbildning gavs till samtliga kvinnor från vårdpersonalen angående hur HIV smittas och dess medicinering. Slutsats: Stigmatisering från vårdpersonal förekommer bland HIV-positiva kvinnor. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar för att minska stigmatisering genom att utöva en omvårdnad där kvinnorna känner sig lika behandlad och respekterad. Förbättring behövs där vårdpersonal utvecklar sin förståelse av stigmatisering och av hur ett stigmatiserande beteende inom vården kan undvikas.<br>Introduction: 1.2 million people live with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, but with correct interventions a HIV positive pregnant woman can reduce the risk of infecting her baby to below 5 %. Nevertheless, a majority of HIV positive patients experience stigma from healthcare professionals, which can lead to a reduced life quality. Healthcare professionals’ understanding of stigma and knowledge about HIV is necessary in order to develop strategies to reduce this stigma. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate HIV positive women's experience of stigma from healthcare professionals during pregnancy and childbirth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative method was used. Seven HIV positive women who had received maternity care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia participated and were chosen through a convenience sample. Structured interview questions were used and data were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Travelbeés theory of care and cognitive model of AIDS-related stigmatization were used as theoretical framework. Results: Three categories were identified in this study: Negative reactions from health care professionals, Non-presence of stigma and Education from healthcare professionals. The majority of the participants had experienced an event of HIV- related stigma from healthcare professionals. These HIV positive women felt as if they were treated differently because of their diagnosis and they experienced the professionals’ fear of becoming infected. However some of the HIV positive women who were interviewed felt they had also experienced situations where no stigmatization was shown by healthcare professionals. All the woman who were interviewed had received information about the HIV virus, how it´s spread and what medication is used as treatment. Conclusion: Stigma from healthcare professionals among HIV positive woman exists. Health care professionals have a responsibility to reduce stigma by providing care that gives women the sense of being equally treated and respected. Improvements are needed in the education of healthcare professionals so that they can develop an understanding of stigma as well as an understanding of how their own stigmatizing behavior can be reduced when caring for HIV positive women.
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Gebru, Bethlehem. "Looking beyond poverty : poor children's perspectives and experiences of risk, coping, and resilience in Addis Ababa." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512334.
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Despite the increasing policy and academic attention given to child poverty in recent years, little is known about children’s perspectives and their experiences of risk, coping and resilience in the context of poverty. The existing child poverty literature is dominated by studies from economics and developmental psychology, which for the most part overlook not only the perspectives of children in poverty but also their use of coping strategies and experiences of resilience. Much can be inferred, however, from studies of the lives of children in developing countries in terms of the active role poor children play in their lives and their families’ lives. Additionally, a small but growing number of qualitative child poverty studies in Europe and North America (e.g. Ridge, 2002) have highlighted the resourcefulness and optimism of many children living in poverty. They have shown the merit of prioritizing children’s perspectives and experiences or minimally setting them alongside the perspectives of adults in order to understand their lives and concerns fully. This thesis builds on these studies by exploring the lives of children living in poverty that go beyond their material disadvantage or survival. It highlights the priorities, concerns and responses of children living in a context different from the one covered by most of these studies. It also explores the theoretical concepts of coping and resilience to establish whether these constructs can be reliably applied in a society that is very different from the one in which they were developed. The study focuses on Ethiopia, one of the poorest countries in the world. It addresses the perspectives and experiences of twenty-six children (11 girls and 15 boys) between the ages of 11 and 14 in Kolfe area, one of the poorest neighbourhoods in Addis Ababa. It employs qualitative research methods such as semi-structured individual interviews, daily diaries, drawings and timelines with the children. The key finding of the study is that the majority of these children perceive that relationships that are characterized by conflict are more damaging than material poverty. This suggests that research and interventions focusing on poverty not only undermine children’s positive experiences and agency but also obscure their real priorities and concerns. The children’s accounts further suggest that the theoretical concepts of “coping” and “resilience” are applicable to Ethiopian children, although as in other contexts how the children understand and experience them is influenced by the culture and environment in which they live.
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Johnson, Edwin Hamilton. "Patronage and the theological integrity of Ethiopian Orthodox sacred paintings in present day Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13152/.
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Haile, Hilab. "Improving Solid Waste Management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Based on the experience from Sweden, Östersund Municipality." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199186.
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Lack of genuine concern for solid waste management practices and inefficiency of sol-id waste management system is one of the greatest environmental issues in Addis Ab-aba, Ethiopia. The Current Municipal Solid Waste Management System is extremely inefficient and ineffective. An illegal waste dumping, inefficient waste collection, and informal recycling are some of the issues that need to be immediately rectified. There-fore, this study was conducted in order to get a knowledge transfer from a developed country, Sweden, Östersund Municipality. The practical waste management and recy-cling activities undertaking in the city of Östersund have been assessed, evaluated and discussed in the study. Physical site visits, surveys, informal interviews, and group dis-cussions have also been conducted to be able to draw an immensely useful and tangi-ble recommendation for the improvement of Solid Waste Management and Recycling Scheme in Addis Ababa. Based on the experience acquired from Östersund the entire Solid Waste Management system in Addis Ababa has been evaluated and useful dis-cussions, recommendations, and conclusions have been drawn. Besides as recycling is one of the most significant waste management hierarchy components, it should have been given top priority in reducing the amount of waste generation in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, the recycling activities taking place in the country are highly limited and informal. Moreover, evaluation of the potential of recyclable wastes in Addis Ababa, discussion on how and why recycling needs to be given prece-dence and later comparison is made with Östersund Municipality in order to be able to gain knowledge from the Swedish experience. Besides, discussions were made in order to address decisive measures that need to be taken to implement the Swedish experience in the Solid Waste Management and Recycling sector in Addis Ababa Ethiopia in an environmentally friendly and economical way.
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Tulu, Alemayehu Shiferaw. "Evaluating the application of human rights principles in crime investigation in Ethiopia : a case study of the Addis Ababba city police." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4046.
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In any society the police are organized with the responsibility of keeping peace and order, ensuring the rule of law, justice, prevention of crime as well as protection of human rights. Regardless of the circumstances in which the police find them, they should act towards every human being with a sense of duty and care for human rights; it is the responsibility of the police to conduct the process of arrest, search and seizure according to the law with no neglect of duties. The police are expected to comply with the arrest, search and seizure procedures designed to ensure the protection of human rights. Nevertheless, usually, the task of investigation is vulnerable to human right violation. This is particularly true in the case of the developing countries where the process of democratization is so infant that most of them not only lack the required level of awareness/understanding pertaining to the human right principles but also the necessary institutional mechanisms that contribute to the proper application of human right principles are missing. The report of the Ethiopian Federal Police Inspection Service conducted in the year 2003 indicated that there were some suspects arrested without court warrant and with the existence of reasonable doubt for their guiltiness. Moreover, findings of a research conducted in the same year on certain Addis Ababa sub-city police stations also clearly indicate this fact. The objective of the this research is to evaluate the extent to which crime investigator, who are duty bearers in the Addis Ababa city police, adhere to the human right principles pertaining to the rights of suspected, accused and arrested person that are recognized in pertinent international instruments and enshrined in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution and other related laws of the country while fulfilling their duties and responsibilities throughout the crime investigation process. Specifically the study is also aimed at exploring the form and type of commonly violated human right, if any and the determinant factors behind the respective types of human right violation by crime investigation belong to the Addis Ababa police .Methodologically the study followed and is mainly relied on the qualitative empirical approach to social science research.<br>Police Practice<br>M. Tech. (Policing (Investigation))
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Gebrehiwot, Rahel Woldegebriel. "Women's participation in micro and small enterprises: the case of Addis Ababa." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26853.
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This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the participation of women-owned MSEs in the manufacturing sector in two selected sub-cities of Addis Ababa, namely, Kolfe Keranio and Nefas Silk Lafto sub-cities and to explore and gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences and participation of women who own MSEs in the manufacturing sector as well as government entities that support these MSEs. The study adopted a qualitative, exploratory research approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from women who participated in the manufacturing sector, government officials, MSEs experts in the sub-cities and gender office professionals who worked closely with women’s MSEs in the manufacturing sector. Besides, direct observation was used to get firsthand information concerning the nature of women-owned MSEs and their working environments such as limited working space, lack of warehouses, and physical constraints relating to the use of stairs in storeyed buildings, among others. Document review and secondary data were used to triangulate the results from the interviews and obtain quantifiable data that could be used to clarify certain issues in the study. The data were analyzed using thematic data analysis to identify how the theme related to the research objectives. The researcher used a table to visualize the coded themes to determine which was the major problem, support, and characteristics of women-owned MSEs.
The study revealed that women have limited education levels and skills. It is thus difficult for women who own MSEs to exploit advantages or opportunities to expand their business. The findings also reported the inability to access finance for MSEs start-ups and expansion. Women generally lacked information regarding various aspects of MSEs during the establishment of their businesses. Women-owned MSEs have received some support, particularly from government agencies. However, the support they are currently receiving is inadequate to enable them to transform their business. Women-owned MSEs still face problems on many fronts including workspace, limited finance, outdated technology, poor marketing strategies were among others that need addressing. To develop women-owned MSEs and empower other women in the field, the government, the public sector, and formal financial institutes should be informed on the value of gender-balanced contribution in the informal sector enterprises. It is recommended that there should be a greater focus on the social and economic empowerment of women, as they constitute a vulnerable social category that is critical in development endeavors.<br>Development Studies<br>M.A. (Development Studies)
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Nigusso, Fikadu Tadesse. "Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10191.
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This quantitative, descriptive study investigated risk factors for MDR-TB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 439 medical records belonging to MDR-TB and non MDR-TB patients managed in public health centres from January 2008 to December 2011 were analysed. Data were transcribed from each TB patient‟s medical records using a specifically designed checklist.
The findings revealed that male gender, previous history of TB treatment, poor treatment adherence, an outcome of failure after TB re-treatment, previous category of failure, pulmonary involvement of TB infection and HIV infection were associated with MDR-TB. The findings illustrate that efforts should be made to prioritise the development and implementation of effective MDR TB screening and treatment protocols for these high risk groups to improve treatment outcome and minimize the emergence of XDR TB.<br>Health Studies<br>M. Public Health
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Meshesha, Mereid Getachew. "The socioeconomic and psychological effects of khat chewing in Addis Ababa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26320.
Full textAbstract:
Background - Khat is a mild stimulant plant chewed by a limited segment of the population mainly in the eastern parts of Ethiopia for social facilitation and religious purposes. In recent decades, the use of khat has spread to all parts of the country and its social, economic and political impact has increased significantly at national level. In cities like Addis Ababa, the traditional purposes are superseded and it is now chewed mainly for recreational purposes. Following this development, many people have raised concerns on the potentially adverse socioeconomic and psychological effects of khat on the current generation, particularly the youth. The main issues raised are the misuse of income, the waste of productive time on chewing khat, and the adverse consequences on family cohesion and health. Those who argue in favor of khat cite its positive impact on increasing productivity, high economic returns and traditional values. These arguments on khat are not based on substantiated evidence and this research attempted to answer this question by assessing the ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ socioeconomic and psychological effects of khat on the chewers living in Addis Ababa. Drug control policies intersect with much of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Ethiopia has not yet developed a policy on khat. This research intends to make its contribution to the development of the policy by highlighting the socioeconomic and psychological effects on the chewers.
Objective –To assess the effects of khat on the income; use of time/time management/; productivity, and psychological well-being of chewers in the city of Addis Ababa. The study is related to policies of Ethiopia in relation to the production, marketing and consumption of khat. It makes policy recommendations based on the assessed costs and benefits.
Methodology - The study, using snowball sampling, was conducted in 2018 with 84 khat users. The data collection methods employed were structured questionnaire focus group discussions, narrations of life stories and interviews with key informants. An extensive literature review was also conducted.
Result – Respondents reported the diversion of financial resources to purchase khat compromising other personal and family needs and a waste of working hours on chewing khat. There were mixed results found on its effects on productivity. Users also reported that khat made them vulnerable to other addictions such as alcohol, cigarettes and hard drugs and to a number of social and psychological problems.
Conclusion - Khat has a significant adverse impact on income and the efficient use of time of chewers. The findings on the effect on productivity are inconclusive. The reported physical and psychological effects on productivity need to be scientifically proven. Chronic use of khat is detrimental to mental health and leads to other serious health consequences. It distorts social and family relationships and inhibits the ability of the chewer to significantly execute his/her social responsibilities. It hurts the self-esteem of the chewers and makes them lose a sense of purpose in their lives. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a national policy on khat. However, a comprehensive study should be conducted to exploit the potential benefits of khat (mood lifting and medicinal values) by using khat in a modest and controlled way. The social and economic interest of the suppliers; its religious and cultural significance, and environmental impacts should also be considered.<br>Development Studies<br>M.A. (Development Studies)