Journal articles: 'Additif conducteur'

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Seppälä, Arja, Yolanda Madrid Albarran, Harri Miettinen, Maria Palomo Siguero, Elina Juutinen, and Marketta Rinne. "Selenium supplementation by addition of sodium selenate with silage additive." Agricultural and Food Science 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.41179.

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An ensiling experiment was conducted to assess the possibility for increasing the selenium content in grass silage by using a selenium-enriched silage additive, and to determine possible changes in the form of selenium during ensiling. Prewilted and precision-chopped silage was prepared from the second cut of timothy – meadow fescue sward in southern Finland. The additive treatments (6 g kg-1) were: control without additive, water containing 50 mg sodium selenate kg-1, and formic acid-based additive containing 10, 50 or 500 mg sodium selenate kg-1. The selenium content of the control silage was low (0.069 mg kg-1 dry matter) whereas the selenium content of the other silages was in line with the dose level of selenium delivered in the additive. The added selenate was detected only as selenate in the silages. Addition of sodium selenate to silage additive provided a controlled way to add selenium to the diet of forage-fed animals.

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De Smedt, Ronald. "Addition to “DC Internal Inductance for a Conductor of Rectangular Cross Section”." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 51, no. 3 (August 2009): 875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2009.2027126.

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Itoh, Kenzo. "An additive blending sound presentation system with air and bone conducted sound." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 4 (October 2011): 2449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3654834.

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Wang, Yanzhong, Anthony Chesnaud, Emile Bevillon, Jinlong Yang, and Guilhem Dezanneau. "Influence of ZnO additive on the properties of Y-doped BaSnO3 proton conductor." Materials Science and Engineering: B 176, no. 15 (September 2011): 1178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2011.06.009.

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Kovacevic, Aleksandar, Dejan Despotovic, Zoran Rajovic, Koviljka Stankovic, Ana Kovacevic, and Uros Kovacevic. "Uncertainty evaluation of the conducted emission measurements." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 28, no. 2 (2013): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1302182k.

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For the evaluation of measurement uncertainty in measuring the conduction emission, in this paper we propose a new model which uses mixed distribution. Evaluation of probability density function for the measurand has been done using Monte Carlo method and a modified least-squares method (combined method). In addition, the number of data n and the number of classes of histogram k which were used for simulation, were varied.

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Huber, Sebastian, and Arno Pfitzner. "Li17Sb13S28: A New Lithium Ion Conductor and addition to the Phase Diagram Li2S-Sb2S3." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 39 (August 11, 2015): 13683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201502052.

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Wang, Qingfu, Pingping Liu, Shizhen Li, Xiao Wang, Fangzhou Li, Jun Ma, Jingchao Chai, et al. "A Flame Retardant Ionic Conductor Additive for Safety-Reinforced Liquid Electrolyte of Lithium Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164, no. 7 (2017): A1559—A1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.1111707jes.

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Zhang, Jiayi, and Wei Wang. "Corrosion Behaviour Between Al–Zr Alloy Conductor and Cu Transition Terminal via Sc Addition." Chemistry Africa 3, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42250-020-00118-7.

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Shimizu, Takashi, Masaya Kokufuda, Yusaku Hirano, and Yoshinori Kogami. "Effective Conductivity Measurements for Additive Manufacturing Technology Conductor using Two Dielectric Rod Resonator Method." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 141, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 915–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.141.915.

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Dora, Kim A., Jun Xia, and Brian R. Duling. "Endothelial cell signaling during conducted vasomotor responses." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, no. 1 (July 2003): H119—H126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2002.

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ACh and KCl stimulate vasomotor responses that spread rapidly and bidirectionally along arteriole walls, most likely via spread of electric current or Ca2+ through gap junctions. We examined these possibilities with isolated, cannulated, and perfused hamster cheek pouch arterioles (50- to 80-μm resting diameter). After intraluminal loading of 2 μM fluo 3 to measure Ca2+ or 1 μM di-8-ANEPPS to measure membrane potential, photometric techniques were used to selectively measure changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) or membrane potential in endothelial cells. Activation of the endothelium by micropipette application of ACh (10-4 M, 1.0-s pulse) to a short segment of arteriole (100–200 μm) increased endothelial cell [Ca2+]i and caused hyperpolarization at the site of stimulation. This response was followed rapidly by vasodilation of the entire arteriole (∼2-mm length). Change in membrane potential always preceded dilation, both at the site of stimulation and at distant sites along the arteriole. In contrast, an increase in endothelial cell [Ca2+]i was observed only at the application site. Micropipette application of KCl, which can depolarize both smooth muscle and endothelial cells (250 mM, 2.5-s pulse), also caused a rapid, spreading response consisting of depolarization followed by vasoconstriction. With KCl stimulation, in addition to changes in membrane potential, increases in endothelial cell [Ca2+]i were observed at distant sites not directly exposed to KCl. The rapid longitudinal spread of both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses support electrical coupling as the mode of signal transmission along the arteriolar length. In addition, the relatively short distance between heterologous cell types enables the superimposed radial Ca2+ signaling between smooth muscle and endothelial cells to modulate vasomotor responses.

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Fu, Jiani, Zhao Yang, Yunlai Deng, Yefeng Wu, and Jianqi Lu. "Influence of Zr addition on precipitation evolution and performance of Al-Mg-Si alloy conductor." Materials Characterization 159 (January 2020): 110021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110021.

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Joo, Junho, Sang Il Kwak, Jong Hwa Kwon, and Eakhwan Song. "Simulation-Based System-Level Conducted Susceptibility Testing Method and Application to the Evaluation of Conducted-Noise Filters." Electronics 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2019): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080908.

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In this paper, a simulation-based system-level conducted susceptibility (CS) testing method for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed. The proposed method employs 3-dimensional electromagnetic (3D EM) models as well as equivalent circuit models to replace the measurement-based CS testing method based on the International Electrotechnical Commission 61000-4-6 standard. The conducted-noise source and equipment under test (EUT) are modeled in a circuit simulator. The conduction path, bulk current injection probe, and calibration jig are modeled using the 3D field simulator. A simple WPT system is designed and fabricated as the EUT for the CS test. The proposed method is successfully verified by comparing the voltage waveforms with measurement-based CS testing method. Additionally, as an application of the proposed method, a simulation-based evaluation of the conducted-noise filters is conducted. By using the proposed method, it is expected that the time and cost expense of setting up the test setup, as well as the testing procedure for the conventional measurement-based CS testing, will be drastically reduced. In addition, the proposed method can be used to estimate the conducted immunity of a system in the early stage of the design cycle prior to production.

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Huber, Sebastian, and Arno Pfitzner. "ChemInform Abstract: Li17Sb13S28: A New Lithium Ion Conductor and Addition to the Phase Diagram Li2S-Sb2S3." ChemInform 46, no. 50 (November 26, 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201550018.

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Alaih, Imam Shofid, Sidiq Fathonah, Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas, and Fitria Rahmawati. "Addition of Calcined Na2B4O7 on the Synthesis of Li7La3Zr2O12." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 24, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.24.3.77-84.

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Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a garnet-type electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSB). It has good chemical and electrochemical stability against lithium and a relatively high ionic conductivity. However, the ionic conductivity needs to be further increased to provide a high specific capacity of the ASSB. Element doping into LLZO is an effort to increase molecular defect, known to enhance the conductivity. This research studied the effect of the Na2B4O7 addition on the LLZO synthesis, producing LLZBO(A). The investigation aims to understand whether the sodium ions dope into the LLZO structure during synthesis, or it is only B ions to enter into the structure. Therefore, another synthesis with B2O3 of B precursor was conducted for comparison (LLZBO(B)). The precursors were mixed stoichiometrically by following the formula of Li7-xLa3-xZr2-xBxNaxO12 (LLZBO, x= 0.15; 0.20; 0.30). XRD analysis equipped with Le Bail refinement found that LLZBO(A) and LLZBO(B) mainly consist of cubic and tetragonal LLZO with a %mol of 69.06 – 69.84 %, and the main secondary phase is La2Zr2O7. The surface morphology of LLZBO(A) and LLZBO(B) is almost similar to the irregular form of large aggregates. The particles become more dispersed when 0.3 %mol dopant was submitted. Impedance analysis found a high ionic conductivity of LLZBAO(A)0.3 1.042x10-3 Scm-1.

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Zhang, Liying, Lei Cheng, Jordi Cabana, Guoying Chen, Marca M. Doeff, and Thomas J. Richardson. "Effect of lithium borate addition on the physical and electrochemical properties of the lithium ion conductor Li3.4Si0.4P0.6O4." Solid State Ionics 231 (February 2013): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2012.09.002.

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Ikeda, Takeshi, Tomohiko Muto, and Keizo Morimoto. "Effects of Zirconium Addition and Solute Iron Concentration on the Softening Behavior of 6101 Aluminum Conductor Alloy." Materials Science Forum 331-337 (May 2000): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.331-337.595.

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Wang, Yijie, Yingxiu Li, Zhirang Guo, Wei Liu, Rui Zhang, Liang Chu, and Xing’ao Li. "Ethanol addition for morphology regulation of TiO2 nanorod arrays towards efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 04 (August 2018): 1850080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500807.

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TiO2 nanorod arrays (NAs) were synthesized with different morphology based on ethanol addition in the TiO2 precursors for efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The morphology and optical properties of samples based on TiO2 NAs prepared with a different amount of ethanol added in TiO2 precursors were analyzed. The results indicated that ethanol addition in TiO2 precursors help regulate the morphology of TiO2 NAs and improve the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs based on TiO2 NAs. Finally, the carbon-based PSCs with 96[Formula: see text]nm TiO2 NAs in diameter by 1[Formula: see text]mL of ethanol addition achieved the optimal performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.86%. The results can offer inspiration for performance improvement of PSCs based on TiO2 NAs.

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Dhawan, Rishi, and Emila Panda. "Mg addition in undoped and Al-doped ZnO films: Fabricating near UV transparent conductor by bandgap engineering." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 788 (June 2019): 1037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.02.289.

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Yuan, Wuhua, and Zhenyu Liang. "Effect of Zr addition on properties of Al–Mg–Si aluminum alloy used for all aluminum alloy conductor." Materials & Design 32, no. 8-9 (September 2011): 4195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.034.

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Xu, Cong, Zheling Zhang, Yue Hu, Yusong Sheng, Pei Jiang, Hongwei Han, and Jian Zhang. "Printed hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with excellent long-term stability using PEAI as an additive." Journal of Energy Chemistry 27, no. 3 (May 2018): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2018.01.030.

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Gan, Feng Lin, Hai Man Wang, and Ze Nan Lin. "Torsional Stability of Research and Discussion on the Conductor-Spacers System." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.965.

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According to the instance of turnover and twist of conductor-spacers system,a question of torsional stability of conductor-spacers system is proposed.The paper analyzes the reason why the torsional instability of the entire system occurs and puts forward that the residual torque moment has existed during the process of conductor stranding,which creates a security risk to the stability of the system.In addition,the torque moment caused by the uneven ice-covering and different periods of ice-shedding will leave the system unbalanced.Finally, methods of improving the stability of conductor-spacers system is discussed.

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Scherb, Tobias, Simon A. J. Kimber, Christiane Stephan, Paul F. Henry, Gerhard Schumacher, Sonia Escolástico, José M. Serra, et al. "Nanoscale order in the frustrated mixed conductor La5.6WO12−δ." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 3 (May 27, 2016): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716006415.

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This article reports a comprehensive investigation of the average and local structure of La5.6WO12−δ, which has excellent mixed proton, electron and oxide ion conduction suitable for device applications. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction show that a cubic fluorite supercell describes the average structure, with highly disordered lanthanum and oxide positions. On average, the tungsten sites are sixfold coordinated and a trace [3.7 (1.3)%] of anti-site disorder is detected. In addition to sharp Bragg reflections, strong diffuse neutron scattering is observed, which hints at short-range order. Plausible local configurations are considered and it is shown that the defect chemistry implies a simple `chemical exchange' interaction that favours ordered WO6octahedra. The local model is confirmed by synchrotron X-ray pair distribution function analysis and EXAFS experiments performed at the LaKand WL3edges. It is shown that ordered domains of ∼3.5 nm are found, implying that mixed conduction in La5.6WO12−δis associated with a defective glassy-like anion sublattice. The origins of this ground state are proposed to lie in the non-bipartite nature of the face-centred cubic lattice and the pairwise interactions which link the orientation of neighbouring octahedral WO6sites. This `function through frustration' could provide a means of designing new mixed conductors.

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Wilson, Samuel T., Daniela Böttjer, Matthew J. Church, and David M. Karl. "Comparative Assessment of Nitrogen Fixation Methodologies, Conducted in the Oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 18 (July 6, 2012): 6516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01146-12.

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ABSTRACTResolution of the nitrogen (N) cycle in the marine environment requires an accurate assessment of dinitrogen (N2) fixation. We present here an update on progress in conducting field measurements of acetylene reduction (AR) and15N2tracer assimilation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). The AR assay was conducted on discrete seawater samples using a headspace analysis system, followed by quantification of ethylene (C2H4) with a reducing compound photodetector. The rates of C2H4production were measurable for nonconcentrated seawater samples after an incubation period of 3 to 4 h. The15N2tracer measurements compared the addition of15N2as a gas bubble and dissolved as15N2enriched seawater. On all sampling occasions and at all depths, a 2- to 6-fold increase in the rate of15N2assimilation was measured when15N2-enriched seawater was added to the seawater sample compared to the addition of15N2as a gas bubble. In addition, we show that the15N2-enriched seawater can be prepared prior to its use with no detectable loss (<1.7%) of dissolved15N2during 4 weeks of storage, facilitating its use in the field. The ratio of C2H4production to15N2assimilation varied from 7 to 27 when measured simultaneously in surface seawater samples. Collectively, the modifications to the AR assay and the15N2assimilation technique present opportunities for more accurate and high frequency measurements (e.g., diel scale) of N2fixation, providing further insight into the contribution of different groups of diazotrophs to the input of N in the global oceans.

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Weber, Tony, Anja Winkler, and Maik Gude. "Experimental Investigations on Integrated Conductor Paths in Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Structures." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.793.

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By the benefit of functional integration the advantages of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) as construction material can be increased due to the possibilities of integrating sensors and actuators. In Regard to the layer-by-layer definition of the wall thickness, this class of material offers a high potential for the integration of additional smart elements within the stacking and forming process. In addition to the actual integration methods of sensors or actuators, the electrical signal transmission and contacting is of great importance for smart structures. Various approaches can be followed. On the one hand, the conductor path can be defined by means of a wire and, on the other hand, the definition of conductor paths can be accomplished by functionalized films (by means of printing technology). Within this paper, experimental investigations are intended to demonstrate the suitability of screen-printed conductor paths for the press-technical transformation of FRP structures. In addition to the variation of the screen printing material and the film material, for a material-homogeneous integration, an evaluation of a corresponding selection of materials takes place with respect to the stresses derived from the deformation-technical boundary conditions.

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Mudzaffar, Raqibah Najwa, Hanani Hani Mohd Khairy, Nur Khairunnisa Mohd Zaki, Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar, Hanisah Manshor, Nik Akmar Rejab, and Afifah Mohd Ali. "Comparative Study on the Performance of ZTA Cutting Tool with the Addition of Different Particle Size of MgO Additive." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.181.

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This paper investigated the performance of ZTA cutting tool with the addition of different particle size of MgO additive. Therefore, the objective of this research is to compare the effects of machining parameters on tool wears of ZTA cutting tools added with micro and nanoparticle of MgO. The experiments were conducted using BridgePort-Romi Powerpath CNC machine using a tool holder Sandvik Coromant (CoroTurn CCLNR 164D-4) to hold the cutting tools properly. The parameters are set up as cutting speeds used between range 354 to 472 m/min, feed rate from 0.1 to 0.5 mm/rev with a constant depth of cut of 0.2 mm. Three types of wear were analyzed which are flank wear, crater wear and tool chipping. Flank wear and crater wear images captured using measuring microscope (NIKON MM-400/L) and the crater wear areas are analyzed using MatLab programming software. Tool chipping is observed via SEM (JEOL JSM-5600). The experimental result shows that flank wear and crater wear increase when cutting speed and feed rate increase. ZMN cutting tool shows lower value of flank wear at 0.143 mm and 3.741 mm2 for crater wear than ZMM, 0.321 mm and 3.808 mm2 respectively. On the contrary, cutting speed did not affect the tool chipping severely as feed rate. Moreover, ZMN also shows that the tool breakage occurred severely than ZMM due to the high load on the tool nose.

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Ismail, Izzuddin Nadzir, Parlindungan Manik, and Mahendra Indiaryanto. "Effect of the Addition of Hydrofoil on Lift Force and Resistance in 60 M High-Speed Vessel." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 17, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v17i3.28772.

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The development of sea transportation technology is needed to meet the demand for ships that can carry heavier loads and operate at high speeds. Modifications in the form of additional hydrofoil variations were conducted to produce higher lift and reduce the resistance generated by the ship so that the ship can go more efficiently at high speed. This study aims to obtain the effect of adding hydrofoil to ships with variations in the type and shape of foil and find out which types and shapes can reduce resistance on the ship. This research was conducted with several model analysis tests using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) based software, namely Tdyn, at several different speeds. The results of this study show that of the six variation models analyzed, rectangular fully submerged foil models can reduce the total resistance value of the ship by 17.822% from the original ship on Froude Number (Fr) 0.670. The type and shape of the foil is very influential on the lift and resistance produced by the ship.

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Zhang, Cuijuan, Hailei Zhao, Nansheng Xu, Xue Li, and Ning Chen. "Influence of ZnO addition on the properties of high temperature proton conductor Ba1.03Ce0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O3−δ synthesized via citrate–nitrate method." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 6 (March 2009): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.061.

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Savić, Aleksandar, Ana Velemir, Saša Papuga, and Maja Stojković. "Influence of blackberry juice addition on mead fermentation and quality." Foods and Raw Materials 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-146-152.

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Introduction. Mead, one of the oldest alcoholic beverages that man consumed is obtained by fermentation of honey solution, and contains from 8 to 18% vol. ethanol. Honey can be considered as an excellent source of carbohydrates for the fermentation process, but low concentrations of other substances in the honey can slow down the process. Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) contains dietary fibers, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin A, vitamin E, potassium and calcium, along with the phenolic metabolites that are a source of possible health benefits. Study objects and methods. In this study was investigated the influence of blackberry juice addition on mead fermentation process, chemical composition and antioxidative activity. Dynamics of the fermentation process were controlled based on weighing the flasks in time on a scale every 24 h throughout the alcoholic fermentation. At the end of fermentations, oenological parameters of mead: dry matter content, pH, volatile acidity and ethanol content and reducing sugars. For the determination of antioxidative capacity the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols were measured and two tests were performed: DPPH and ABTS. Results and discussion. Addition of blackberry juice had a positive effect on fermentation dynamics (almost 25% higher rate of fermentation than in control samples), and improved all physicochemical characteristics and composition of resultant meads. Also, meads with the addition of blackberry juice had a significantly higher concentration of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols and significantly stronger antioxidative properties compared to the control meads without juice addition. The highest total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols content was determined in the mead with the maximum addition of blackberry juice (B20W): it reached 490.88, 50.34 and 62.57 μgQE.mL–1, respectively, and was 6-fold higher for total phenolics and total flavonoids content, and 10-fold higher for total flavonols content than in the mead without juice addition (CW). The strongest antioxidative activity was determined in the B10W mead; it accounted for 6.98 μgTE.mL–1 (DPPH assay) and 0.65 μgTE.mL–1 (ABTS assay), what was 1.5-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, than in the mead without juice addition (CW). Conclusion. The conducted study demonstrated that the use of blackberry juice influenced the course of fermentation of meads as well as their physicochemical and antioxidative properties (positive effect on fermentation dynamics – almost 25% higher rate of fermentation than in control samples, and improvement of all physicochemical characteristics and composition of resultant meads).

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Sonya Sekarningrum, Agatha, and Seveline Seveline. "PEMBUATAN YOGHURT SINBIOTIK KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) DENGAN PENGGUNAAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PREBIOTIK." Jurnal Bioindustri 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v2i2.655.

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Manufacture of probiotic product that has been done a lot is manufacture of yoghurt. In the process, addition of red beans and prebiotic is done to add value to the product. Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria and inulin in the form of banana flour with different amounts is done to find the right synbiotic yogurt formulation. This research was conducted to test the quality of product physically, chemically, microbiology and organoleptics. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with the first factor being the BAL levels added and the second factor being the levels of inulin added. Based on the tests, the results obtained that the formulation using L. plantarum as much as 1% and 2% commercial inulin is the right formulation with results that are in accordance with SNI 2891: 1992 standards. The total value of LAB resulting from the formulation is 3.24 x 106 cfu/ml with a total non-fat solid of 11.16%.

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Fissel, Schea N., Pamela R. Mitchell, and Robin L. Alvares. "An Adapted Assessment Model for Emergent Literacy Conducted via Telepractice." Perspectives on Telepractice 5, no. 2 (September 2015): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/tele5.2.48.

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Children with complex communication needs (CCN) exhibit multiple needs in a variety of domains, including language, literacy, and speech. Children with CCN often require augmentative/alternative communication (AAC), a mode of communication designed to compensate for the communication and related disability patterns of individuals with CCN (Light, Beukelman, & Reichle, 2003). Given the diverse needs of this population, service provision presents challenges to teachers and therapists alike. Telepractice service provision offers solutions to guide service delivery for children with CCN, who may be located in remote settings with limited access to AAC specialists. The tele-AAC working group of the International Society on Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC) 2012 Research Symposium highlighted a need for increased information on telepractice service delivery for children with CCN in the area of literacy. To date, evidence-based practices for assessment of literacy skills in children with CCN are limited. In addition, literacy assessment for children with CCN via telepractice presents challenges requiring adaptation for telepractice service delivery. This paper summarizes existing literature examining literacy assessment and intervention, and applies these principles to development and implementation of adapted literacy assessment methods conducted via telepractice for a child with CCN.

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Pramana, Putu Agus Aditya, Aristo Adi Kusuma, Buyung Sofiarto Munir, and Handrea Bernando Tambunan. "Covered conductor burn-down prevention for distribution line in Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819711003.

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Covered conductor (CC) is used to resolve temporary line to ground fault in the distribution line. However, some cases of CC burn down were found in Indonesia. These phenomena were triggered by lightning strikes that cause transient overvoltage with a magnitude greater than basic insulation level (BIL) of insulator. Consequently, short circuit current will flow through the pinhole on CC. Burn down phenomena will create high impedance fault that is unable to be detected by protection relay, thus the conductor will remain energized and harmful to the surroundings. Therefore, this paper presents study about CC burn down prevention. The study was performed using transient simulation to find the effect of earth wire utilization against the transient overvoltage due to lightning strike. In addition, finite element simulation and laboratory testing were also performed to analyze the effect of power arc device on burn down prevention. The results show that the lightning strike with negative polarity will not cause transient overvoltage with a magnitude greater than the insulator BIL. However, if the lighting strikes have positive polarity then the insulator BIL will be potentially exceeded. Furthermore, the utilization of power arc device will prevent the CC burn down.

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Schwan, Rosane Freitas. "Cocoa Fermentations Conducted with a Defined Microbial Cocktail Inoculum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.4.1477-1483.1998.

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ABSTRACT Cocoa fermentations were performed in wooden boxes under the following four experimental regimens: beans naturally fermented with wild microflora; aseptically prepared beans with no inoculum; and beans inoculated with a defined cocktail containing microorganisms at a suitable concentration either at zero time or by using phased additions at appropriate times. The cocktail used consisted of a yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. chevalieri, two lactic acid bacterial species, Lactobacillus lactis andLactobacillus plantarum, and two acetic acid bacterial species, Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans. The parameters measured were cell counts (for yeasts, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and spore formers, including reisolation and identification of all residual cell types), sugar, ethanol, acetic acid, and lactic acid contents (and contents of other organic acids), pH, and temperature. A cut test for bean quality and a sensorial analysis of chocolate made from the beans were also performed. The natural fermentation mimicked exactly the conditions in 800-kg boxes on farms. The aseptic box remained largely free of microflora throughout the study, and no significant biochemical changes occurred. With the zero-time inoculum the fermentation was almost identical to the natural fermentation. The fermentation with the phased-addition inoculum was similar, but many changes in parameters were slower and less pronounced, which led to a slightly poorer end product. The data show that the nearly 50 common species of microorganisms found in natural fermentations can be replaced by a judicious selection and concentration of members of each physiological group. This is the first report of successful use of a defined, mixed starter culture in such a complex fermentation, and it should lead to chocolate of more reliable and better quality.

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Farooq, Saeed, Christopher Fear, and Femi Oyebode. "An investigation of the adequacy of psychiatric interviews conducted through an interpreter." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 4 (April 1997): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.4.209.

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We evaluated clinical Information gained directly from 10 English-speaking and from 10 non-English-speaking subjects both directly and through interpreter-mediated Interviews. High levels of agreement between raters, when assessing both cohorts, were found for all data with a non-significant tendency towards better agreement in the Asian than the English-speaking sample for family history data. Analysis of the interview contents showed a number of errors of interpretation which were similar to those noted in previous studies. The addition of quantitative data represents a significant advantage over previous studies, allowing the qualitative results to be placed into perspective. Recommendations are made for optimising and avoiding the pitfalls of interpreter-mediated interviews.

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Kim, So Yeon, and Ju Li. "Porous Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor Interlayers for Solid-State Batteries." Energy Material Advances 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/1519569.

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Rechargeable solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as the next-generation energy storage device based on lowered fire hazard and the potential of realizing advanced battery chemistries, such as alkali metal anodes. However, ceramic solid electrolytes (SEs) generally have limited capability in relieving mechanical stress and are not chemically stable against body-centered cubic alkali metals or their alloys with minor solute elements (β-phase). Swelling-then-retreating of β-phase often causes instabilities such as SE fracture and corrosion as well as the loss of electronic/ionic contact, which leads to high charge-transfer resistance, short-circuiting, etc. These challenges have called for the cooperation from other classes of materials and novel nanocomposite architectures in relieving stress and preserving essential contacts while minimizing detrimental disruptions. In this review, we summarize recent progress in addressing these issues by incorporating other classes of materials such as mixed ion-electron conductor (MIEC) porous interlayers and ion-electron insulator (IEI) binders, in addition to SE and metals (e.g., β-phase and current collectors) that are the traditional SSB components. In particular, we focus on providing theoretical interpretations on how open nanoporous MIEC interlayers manipulate β-phase deposition and stripping behavior and thereby suppress such instabilities, referring to the fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics governing the nucleation and growth of the β-phase. The review concludes by describing avenues for the future design of porous MIEC interlayers for SSBs.

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Komiya, Itta, Keisuke Nakao, Kiyofumi Yamagiwa, and Jun Kuwano. "Effects of LiF Addition in Lithium Ion Conductor La_0.56Li_0.33TiO₃." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.229.

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The compositions La0.56Li0.33TiO2.95F0.05•xLiF (x=0-025) were prepared by addition of LiF to the disordered form of the well-known Li ion conductor La0.56Li0.33TiO3. Although the total conductivities improved, there was no change in the bulk conductivity with LiF addition. No reflections due to LiF were observed in their XRD patterns, and the profiles and the chemical shifts of their 19F MAS-NMR resonances were almost the same as those of LiF. The results indicate that no substitution of F takes place, and that the added LiF acts simply as a sintering assistant agent.

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Fan, Bingbing, Tingting You, Kexiang Wang, Ran Yin, Yukun Gao, Lijun Huo, and Penggang Yin. "Additive-Assisted Interfacial Engineering for Efficient Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Incorporated Dopant-Free Polymeric Hole Conductor PBDT(S)-T1." ACS Applied Energy Materials 4, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 5821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00631.

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Pu, Ming Hua, Guo Li, Xiao Hua Du, Yan Bing Zhang, Hua Ming Zhou, Rui Ping Sun, Zu Qiang Wang, and Yong Zhao. "A New Series of Potential Buffer Layers for REBCO Coated Conductor." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1881.

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A new series of ReBiO3 (RBO, Re=Y, Sm or other lanthanide) layers have been prepared on single crystal LaAlO3 or SrTiO3 respectively by a low-cost chemical solution deposition (CSD) method, and their structures have been investigated. With deferent Re element, the ReBiO3 phase has a similar cubic lattice with the pseudo-cubic lattice parameter a’ of about 3.81~3.94Å, which is closely matched to that of the ReBa2Cu3Ox (RBCO). In addition, these ReBiO3 phase are stable when they are sintered on 750~1050°C. After annealed below 850°C in air, highly c-axis oriented ReBiO3 layers can be formed on the (100) plane of single crystal LaAlO3 or SrTiO3. Observed under SEM, these layers appear very dense, smooth, pinhole-free and crack-free morphology. With the matched lattice parameter, lower annealing temperature, good grain-orientation and smooth surface, ReBiO3 layers should be candidates for the buffer layers of RBCO coated conductor. As a proof, a superconducting layer of YBCO has been deposited also by a CSD approach on one of these layers and show good texture and expected superconductivity.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Studying the effective of conductor polymer substrate on the electrical properties of semiconductors." Baghdad Science Journal 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2017): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.14.1.60-67.

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This research includes depositionof thin film of semiconductor, CdSe by vaccum evaporation on conductor polymers substrate to the poly aniline where, the polymer deposition on the glass substrats by polymerization oxidation tests polymeric films and studied the structural and optical properties through it,s IR and UV-Vis , XRD addition to thin film CdSe, on of the glass substrate and on the substrate of polymer poly-aniline and when XRD tests was observed to improve the properties of synthetic tests as well as the semiconductor Hall effect proved to improve the electrical properties significantly

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Gençöz, Faruk, Tülin Gençöz, and Özlem Bozo. "HIERARCHICAL DIMENSIONS OF COPING STYLES: A STUDY CONDUCTED WITH TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 5 (January 1, 2006): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.5.525.

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An empirical examination was carried out of the hierarchical dimensions of coping styles in a Turkish sample. Ways of coping data were collected from 194 university students, subjected to factor analysis and 5 factors were obtained. These factors were subjected to second-order factor analysis which revealed 3 main dimensions. As predicted the first two dimensions were problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. The third dimension consisted of items related to seeking social support, implying the presence and importance of an indirect coping style. In addition to construct validity, Guttman split-half reliability and criterion validity of these three higher order factors revealed good reliability and validity outcomes. It was also emphasized that these 3 higher order factors constituted independent dimensions of coping styles. Implications of the results are discussed.

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Chaplan, Cory A., Haydn T. Mitchell, and Andres W. Martinez. "Paper-based standard addition assays." Anal. Methods 6, no. 5 (2014): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00205a.

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Standard addition assays conducted on paper-based microfluidic devices are introduced as an alternative to external standards for calibrating quantitative tests. To demonstrate this technique, a colorimetric, paper-based, standard addition assay was optimized for the determination of glucose concentrations in the range of 0 to 5 mM. Comparable results were obtained from the assay via digital image colorimetry under three different lighting conditions.

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Vrublova, E., J. Vostalova, J. Ehrmann, I. Palikova, J. Vrbkova, J. Vacek, N. Cibicek, R. Vecera, J. Ulrichova, and V. Simanek. "The phytogenetic feed additive Sangrovit modulates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 12 (December 20, 2010): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2945-vetmed.

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The alkaloids of Macleaya cordata (Papaveracae) are active components of the phytogenic feed additive Sangrovit. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Sangrovit on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis using rats as an experimental model. Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned to a control group (Group 1, n = 5), a Sangrovit group (Group 2, n = 20) and a DSS group (Group 3, n = 10). Group 1 received standard diet and tap water for 14 days. Group 2 received 500 ppm Sangrovit in their feed for 14 days and in the second week 5% DSS was added to the tap water. The animals in Group 3 were fed for seven days with standard diet and tap water and for the next seven days with standard diet and 5% DSS added to their tap water. The rats were sacrificed on day 14 and the following parameters were measured: disease activity (body and organ weight, colon length, presence of blood in stool), colon myeloperoxidase activity, expression of colon cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), hematological parameters, histological colitis score and selected parameters of oxidative stress. The animals treated with DSS for seven days (Groups 2 and 3) showed increases in liver and cecum weight, leukocyte count and colon shortening, decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit associated with hematochezia. In comparison with Group 3 where DSS caused mucosal edema, cellular infiltration and epithelial disruption, the Sangrovit group showed less severe damage to the colon mucosa and decreased histological colitis scores. The Sangrovit group also showed diminished expression of DSS-induced COX-2, significantly mitigated myeloperoxidase activity in colon tissue and level of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes. In conclusion, some parameters of DSS-induced colitis were modulated by 500 ppm Sangrovit added to feed.

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Mikeš, Jan, Ondrej Kreibich, and Jan Neužil. "A LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK." Acta Polytechnica 53, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0878.

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Automated heating, lighting and irrigation systems are nowadays standard features of industrial and commercial buildings, and are also increasingly found in ordinary housing. In addition to the benefits of user comfort, automated technology for buildings saves energy and, above all, it provides enhanced protection against leakage of water and hazardous gases, and against fire hazards. Lightning strikes are a natural phenomenon that poses a significant threat to the safety of buildings. The statistics of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic show that buildings are in many cases inadequately protected against lightning strikes, or that systems have been damaged by previous strikes. A subsequent strike can occur within the period between regular inspections, which are normally made at intervals of 2–4 years. Over the whole of Europe, thousands of buildings are subjected to the effects of direct lightning strikes each year. This paper presents ways to carry out wireless monitoring of lightning strikes on buildings and to deal with their impact on lightning conductors. By intervening promptly (disconnecting the power supply, disconnecting the gas supply, sending an engineer to inspect the structure, submitting a report to ARC, etc.) we can prevent many downstream effects of direct lightning strikes on buildings (fires, electric shocks, etc.) This paper introduces a way to enhance contemporary home automation systems for monitoring lightning strikes based on wireless sensor networks technology.

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Koşar, Didem. "Analysis of organizational trust studies conducted in Turkey: A content analysis." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 10, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2020.012.

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The aim of this research is to analyze dissertations on organizational trust conducted from 2000 to 2018 in Turkey comprehensively and from a holistic point of view and reveal similarities and differences between these studies. In the study, descriptive content analysis method was used. The data source of this study was dissertations on organizational trust written between 2000 to 2018 and found in the Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. In the analysis of the data, categorical analysis technique, one of the content analysis types, was used. Results showed that limited dissertations were done between 2006 and 2008, most of them were master’s theses largely conducted in public universities and had, as sample, İstanbul, East Marmara, Aegean and West Anatolian regions. In addition, they were mainly held in primary schools and they mostly had relational screening model as research design, simple random methods as sampling, questionnaires as data collection tool and independent samples t-test and ANOVA as analysis methods. Based on the results of this study, it can be offered that the sampling regions of studies that will be held on organizational trust should be varied, doctoral dissertations should put more emphasis on the subject, school levels in which data will be collected and participant types should be diversified, research methods, models, study groups, data collection tools, data analysis should also be varied.

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44

Nian, Qiong, Mojib Saei, Yaowu Hu, Biwei Deng, Shengyu Jin, and Gary J. Cheng. "Additive roll printing activated cold welding of 2D crystals and 1D nanowires layers for flexible transparent conductor and planer energy storage." Extreme Mechanics Letters 9 (December 2016): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2016.02.014.

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Awe, T. J., E. P. Yu, M. W. Hatch, T. M. Hutchinson, K. Tomlinson, W. D. Tatum, K. C. Yates, B. T. Hutsel, and B. S. Bauer. "Seeding the explosion of a high-current-density conductor in a controlled manner through the addition of micron-scale surface defects." Physics of Plasmas 28, no. 7 (July 2021): 072104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0053898.

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Yang, Kai, Shuang Liu, Jiankang Du, Weihua Zhang, Qingyi Huang, Wenhao Zhang, Wenjing Hu, et al. "Improving Hole‐Conductor‐Free Fully Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells’ Performance with Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage via the Octyltrimethylammonium Chloride Additive." Solar RRL 5, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 2000825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000825.

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47

Shen, Zhenzhen, and Aleksey Reiderman. "Additive Manufacturing for Multi-chip Modules." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000760.

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Abstract The implementation of microelectronics, also known as multi-chip modules (MCM), is extensive in automotive, downhole and aerospace applications. MCMs have already demonstrated high-temperature performance, step improvement in reliability, and the potential to reduce product cost through miniaturization and integration of more functions. However, there are barriers preventing wider adoption of MCM technology in downhole applications. High non-recurring expenditures (NRE) charges increase development costs. Long substrate lead times prolong the time to market. Lengthy design iterations make it difficult to apply lean startup methodology to accelerate innovation. The main factor that leads to high NRE and long lead times is the complexity of substrate manufacturing processes. Together with assembly, MCM manufacturing comprises at least 11 steps, 6 different materials, 10 or more different machines, and requires a minimum of 6 supporting employees. A new concept proposes a simplified process to reduce labor and expenses. With best implementation, this process would require only a single machine capable of cycling through 3-step process of dispensing, placement and cure. Despite the dramatically simplified process, the constructional complexity of circuits can still be very high, such as a 3D multilayer MCM. In this paper, this concept was evaluated, micro-dispensing equipment was used to create basic circuitry blocks. Different materials to create conductive traces, isolation layers and wire bond replacement were evaluated. High-temperature aging tests were conducted to monitor the electrical and mechanical performance under thermal stress. The feasibility of dispensing fine features using dispensing and jetting methods are presented in the study. Conductors are a critical part in microelectronic assemblies because they create interconnects and thermal dissipation paths for microelectronics. Three different conductor materials were tested for their dispensability, resistance, continuity at temperature, and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility with different materials under thermal cycling. For dielectric materials, the requirements were to create various assembly constructs. The characterization included dispensability, electrical insulation, breakdown voltage, high-temperature performance, and the effects of CTE. Different approaches with different materials were tested for feasibility for wire bonding replacement. The application needs fine feature size with medium resistance lines. Consequently, the criteria for the material selection are fine particle size and medium sheet resistance. For high-power devices where heavy-gauge wires were used, jet dispensing is applicable. For other application with regular wire diameters, direct write is used. The over-all tests demonstrated the feasibility of using dispensed materials to replace wire bonds, which brings better reliability for shock and vibration, as compared to traditional wire bonds. The reliability of this approach requires a set of optimally matched conductive and dielectric materials. Three conductive materials (A, B and C) and three dielectric materials (D, E and F) were evaluated in this study. Tested conductive epoxy A can be used for attachment of SMT components with non-tin terminals, short traces, and wire bonding replacement for 25-μm wires, but it is not ideal for fine lines(<65um). Tested conductive epoxy B can be used for fine traces (58μm), and wire bonding replacement for 25-μm wires. The resistance of that material is not ideal. Nano-silver paste can be used for long traces, heavy-gauge wire bonding replacement, pads/polygons, the sheet resistance is equivalent to 0.5Oz Cu. For dielectrics, epoxy C can be used for crossovers, dielectric layers, and components staking. Epoxy D can be used for die edge insulation, but it is not ideal. Epoxy E can be used for crossovers and components staking. Epoxy F can be used for encapsulation and components staking. The wire bonding replacement concept structure is established with the dielectric forming the insulation around die edge, then the conductive wires dispensed on top of it. Feasibility was confirmed, a proof-of-concept was built, and some level of thermal stress was tested on the samples. Particle size and viscosity are critical to achieve fine features for micro-dispensing conductors and dielectrics. Periodic evaluations must be conducted to follow up on industry's progress with materials.

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Gustafsson, Finn, Ditte Andreasen, Max Salomonsson, Boye L. Jensen, and Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou. "Conducted vasoconstriction in rat mesenteric arterioles: role for dihydropyridine-insensitive Ca2+channels." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): H582—H590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h582.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in the initiation and conduction of vasoconstrictor responses to local micropipette electrical stimulation of rat mesenteric arterioles (28 ± 1 μm, n = 79) in vivo. Local and conducted (600 μm upstream from the pipette) vasoconstriction was not blocked by TTX (1 μmol/l, n= 5), nifedipine, or nimodipine (10 μmol/l, n = 9). Increasing the K+ concentration of the superfusate to 75 mmol/l did not evoke vasoconstriction, but this depolarizing stimulus reversibly abolished vasoconstrictor responses to current stimulation ( n = 7). Addition of the T-type Ca2+antagonist mibefradil (10 μmol/l, n = 6) to the superfusate reversibly blocked local and conducted vasoconstriction to current stimulation. With the use of RT-PCR techniques, it was demonstrated that rat mesenteric arterioles <40 μm do not express mRNA for L-type Ca2+ channels (α1C-subunit), whereas mRNA coding for T-type subunits was found (α1G- and α1H-subunits). The data indicate that L-type Ca2+ channels are absent from rat mesenteric arterioles (<40 μm). Rather, the vasoconstrictor responses appear to rely on other types of voltage-gated, dihydropyridine-insensitive Ca2+ channels, possibly of the T-type.

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Doyle, M. P., and B. R. Duling. "Acetylcholine induces conducted vasodilation by nitric oxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): H1364—H1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.3.h1364.

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Conducted vasodilation has been proposed as an important component of local vascular control. Because conducted vasomotor responses have previously been studied only in response to short pulses (<500 ms) of agonist, this study examined conducted vasodilation in response to sustained stimuli. In addition, we examined the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to initiation and maintenance of conducted responses induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Responses to 2-min applications of ACh, sodium nitroprusside, and 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were obtained in cannulated, perfused hamster cheek pouch arterioles (approximately 60 microm in diameter). Changes of luminal diameter in response to pressure ejection of agonists from a micropipette placed close to the downstream end of the vessel were observed at the site of stimulation ("local") as well as 570 and 1,140 microm upstream. At the local site, ACh stimuli produced large changes in diameter (approximately 70% of the maximum response) that peaked within 45 s before declining slowly to levels of approximately 50% of the maximum response. A similar response pattern was observed at both upstream sites, with the conducted responses being maintained for the duration of the stimulus. Local responses of similar magnitude were found with sodium nitroprusside and 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, but only minimal responses were observed at the conducted sites. In a separate set of arterioles, ACh responses were obtained before and during perfusion with 10 microM N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. Inhibition of NO synthesis diminished the local response to ACh, but the initial phase of the conducted response was unaffected. Furthermore, the conducted responses faded more rapidly in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. We conclude from these results that local NO synthesis alone is insufficient to initiate conducted responses but that NO synthesis contributes to maintenance of sustained conducted responses.

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Choi, Young Jin, Sang Sik Jeong, Ki Won Kim, Hyo Jun Ahn, and Jou Hyeon Ahn. "Effects on the Carbon Matrix as Conductor in Sulfur Electrode for Lithium/Sulfur Battery." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.1082.

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Lithium/sulfur battery has some problems such as low utilization of active material and poor cycle life owing to the dissolution of lithium polysulfide into electrolyte, aggregation of sulfur during charge-discharge process, and structural change of sulfur electrode. To overcome such problems, carbon nano tubes (CNTs) and graphitic nano fibers (GNFs) were added into the sulfur electrode. The addition of CNTs and GNFs having a network-like structure is expected to offer the structural stability and good electrical path of sulfur electrode. The morphology of fabricated sulfur electrode was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the crystalline structure was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The charge/discharge tests were conducted in the voltage range 3.2/1.5V (vs.Li) with a galvanostatic method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Additif conducteur'

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