Journal articles: 'Additifs poreux'

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Švinka, Ruta, Visvaldis Svinka, and Julija Bobrovik. "Modification of Porous Cordierite Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.322.

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Highly porous cordierite ceramic by using of talcum, kaolinite and γ-alumina was obtained by method of slip casting of concentrated suspension. Additives of amorphous silica and non-stabilized zirconia in the amount of 5 wt% were used. Sintering temperature of dried samples was in range of 1250 – 1450°C. All the samples contain crystalline phases of cordierite, mullite and corundum but, depending on the additives, as a result of sintering in addition forms spinel, cristobalite or zircon (ZrSiO4). Porosity of obtained materials changes in large scale from 42 to 59 per cent; it is influenced by both sintering temperature and composition. Compressive strength increases with the addition of zirconia. In comparison, compressive strength of samples without additives or with silica additive does not exceed 3.5 MPa. The increase of coefficient of thermal expansion depends both on the composition and sintering temperature. ZrO2 additive increases the coefficient of thermal expansion considerably.

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Lu, Yuan, Jian Feng Yang, Shao Yun Shan, Ji Qiang Gao, and Zhi Hao Jin. "Effects of Sintering Additives on Properties of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics Fabricated by Carbothermal Reduction." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 878–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.878.

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In this paper, porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated by carbothermal reduction between silicon dioxide and carbon. The influences of four types of sintering additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the porous Si3N4 ceramics were investigated. XRD analysis proved complete formation of a single-phase β-Si3N4. SEM analysis showed that the resultant porous Si3N4 ceramics occupied fine microstructure and a uniform pore structure. The sintered sample with Lu2O3 as sintering additive showed finer, a higher aspect ratio β-Si3N4 grains. The addition of Eu2O3 accelerated the densification of porous Si3N4 ceramics, decreased the porosity and increased the flexural strength.

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Kim, Sung Jin, Hee Gon Bang, Jung Wook Moon, and Sang Yeup Park. "Effect of Zirconia on the Physical Properties of Cordierite Honeycomb Filter." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.725.

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The enhancement of physical properties of porous honeycomb filter for air purification was investigated using cordierite with the addition of pore former and zirconia additive. Because cordierite honeycomb has porous body, binder formulation was varied using graphite for a pore forming agent as well as lubricating agent during the extrusion process. Also, the effect of zirconia additives on the resultant physical properties of honeycomb filter such as porosity, thermal expansion coefficient and mechanical strength was investigated.

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Kim, Jae-Kwang, Rani Vijaya, Likun Zhu, and Youngsik Kim. "Improving electrochemical properties of porous iron substituted lithium manganese phosphate in additive addition electrolyte." Journal of Power Sources 275 (February 2015): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.028.

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Duan, Yanan, Guijie Ji, Shaochun Zhang, Xiufang Chen, and Yong Yang. "Additive-modulated switchable reaction pathway in the addition of alkynes with organosilanes catalyzed by supported Pd nanoparticles: hydrosilylation versus semihydrogenation." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 4 (2018): 1039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy02280h.

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Shan, Shao Yun, Jian Feng Yang, Ji Qiang Gao, Wen Hui Zhang, Zhi Hao Jin, Rolf Janßen, and Tatsuki Ohji. "Fabrication of Porous Silicon Nitride with High Porosity." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1105.

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In this study, porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated by carbothermal reduction reaction between silicon dioxide and carbon. The influences of different starting powders and sintering additives on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. XRD analysis demonstrated the formation of single-phase β-Si3N4 except for glass phase and minor of α-Si3N4 phase. SEM analysis showed that the resultant porous Si3N4 ceramics occupied fine microstructure and uniform pore structure. The samples with fine starting powder showed fine, high aspect ratio of β-Si3N4 grains and good mechanical properties. The addition of Al2O3 accelerated the densification of porous Si3N4 ceramics. With an increasing in the sintering additive content, the porosity decreased, the flexural strength increased.

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Sych, O. "Effect of fluorine addition on the structure and properties of high-porous glass ceramics applicable for reconstructive surgery." Functional materials 23, no. 4 (March 24, 2017): 046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm24.01.046.

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Paganggi, Wira Rante, Amelia Makmur, and Rachmansyah Rachmansyah. "Effect of Addition Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive Strength and Permeability Values in Porous Concrete." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i1.31536.

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The infrastructure growth has an impact on reducing green areas, which will be followed by reduced water catchment areas. Porous concrete is one of the porous materials that can be used on a pedestrian walk, which is able to drain water. The porous concrete has a limitation strength. This research aims to determine the effect of using various content of chemical additive and polypropylene fibers for porous concrete mixtures related to the compressive strength and permeability values. This experimental method referring to ACI 522R-10 Standard. That specimens using chemical additives and variations of polypropylene fibers: 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.25% by weight of cement. The results showed that the specimen which had the highest compressive strength was 16.9 MPa, which was added 0.25% polypropylene fiber. The addition of polypropylene fibers increases the compressive strength value by 5.6%. Based on the compressive strength and permeability graphs, it can be estimated that the optimal content of polypropylene fiber is 0.17% by weight of cement.

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Ueno, Shunkichi, Li Ming Lin, and Hideo Nakajima. "Effect of Impurities on Formation of Pores in Porous Alumina during Unidirectional Solidification." Materials Science Forum 569 (January 2008): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.313.

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A porous alumina with cylindrical pores was fabricated by unidirectional solidification under hydrogen gas flow (0.1 MPa) using alumina feed rods doped with silica, calcia or sodium oxide. The additives in the feed rods strongly affect the formation of porous structure during the solidification. The porosity increases with increasing silica content. The increase of porosity is enhanced by further addition of sodium oxide. The addition of calcia to the feed rod is effective on the homogenization of pore distribution. The porous alumina with 1mol%CaO and 20mol%SiO2 additives showed 50% porosity and homogeneous pores distribution.

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Shahnewaz, S. M., Khairil Azman Masri, and N. A. A. A. Ghani. "Porous Asphalt Modification using Different Types of Additives: A Review." CONSTRUCTION 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/construction.v1i1.6502.

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Nowadays porous asphalt pavement increase usage other than the traditional type of asphalt pavement. In that sense porous asphalt specially use in the parking areas and walk ways for pedestrian. There are diverse ways that has been done in order to stick up to permanent degradation such as adding fibers and modifiers like polymers, chemical modifiers, expandars, oxidants and antioxidents, hydrocarbons and antistripping to enhance the fatigue and service life of the pavement. To use these type of additives in porous asphalt pavement some additive increase the mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixture and improve the serviceability of the pavement. Digital image processing use these type of pavement to reduce the air void of the asphalt mixture and increase the physical properties of the porous asphalt pavement. This review paper mainly discuss the overall performance and advantage of porous asphalt using different types of additives.

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Артюхова, Н. В., Ю. Ф. Ясенчук, А. С. Гарин, and В. Э. Гюнтер. "Влияние легирующих добавок кобальта и молибдена на структуру и параметры памяти формы пористого реакционно-спеченного никелида титана." Письма в журнал технической физики 44, no. 14 (2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2018.14.46351.17058.

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AbstractWe have studied the structure and properties of porous nickel titanium (TiNi) alloys obtained upon reaction sintering of Ti and Ni powders with Co and Mo additives. It is established that Co and Mo doping additives retain the compaction of Ni powder achieved at the initial stage of sintering. The maximum deformation of porous samples loaded in the austenite state was observed upon adding Co, while the addition of Mo resulted in minimum deformation. The addition of Co leads to single-stage martensitic transformation in TiNi phase, while the addition of Mo leads to the two-stage transformation that is more homogeneous over the volume. Both Co and Mo additives lead to increase in the maximum accumulated strain due to the formation of favorably oriented stress-induced martensite and reoriented quench-induced martensite.

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Vityaz', P. A., V. K. Sheleg, V. M. Aleksandrov, V. V. Mazyuk, and N. V. Gubareva. "Porous powder materials with lyophilic additions." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 24, no. 11 (November 1985): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00802560.

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Eka Putri, Elsa, and Oliensia Vasilsa. "Improve the Marshall stability of porous asphalt pavement with HDPE addition." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603005.

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Porous asphalt is a gap graded pavement that is 20% air voids which enables rainwater that falls on the road surface to flow through the pavement and into drainage on the side of the road. Porous asphalt has a high shear resistance and dries quickly but its stability is low, it is costly to maintain and needs replacing after only a short time. Despite these disadvantages, porous asphalt is still a good choice in area that experiences heavy annual rainfall. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), an opaque plastic, is harder and stronger than porous asphalt with a tensile strength of 3100-5500 psi. It is resistant to high temperatures. This study aims to investigate the effect of various percentages of HDPE as an additive to produce an HDPE Asphalt Binder for porous asphalt pavement. Marshall parameters were determined based on the AAPA 2004 standard. It was found that 4% HDPE achieved a maximum stability value of 870 kg at the optimum asphalt content for porous asphalt pavement was 5.54%. Stability of porous asphalt pavement with optimum asphalt content value was 61.1% higher after the addition of HDPE. Thus, the use of HDPE as an additive in Asphalt Binder was able to increase the binding strength of the asphalt minimising the disadvantages of the low stability of traditional porous asphalt pavement.

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Lu, Yuan, Jian Feng Yang, Zhi Liang Chen, Jian Jun Han, Jing Jing Li, and Ke Yun. "Porous TiN Ceramics Fabricated by Carbothermal Reduction Method." Materials Science Forum 745-746 (February 2013): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.745-746.667.

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Porous TiN ceramics with high porosity and uniform pore structure was prepared following the carbothermal reduction reaction between TiO2 and carbon. Influences of sintering additives and particle size of TiO2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous TiN ceramics were investigated. Microstructure and mechanical properties of porous TiN ceramics were studied by XRD, SEM and three-point bending measurement. XRD analysis proved that the TiN phase has completely formed after reaction. In addition, SEM analysis showed that the resultant porous TiN ceramics were composed of fine grains with uniform pore structure. The addition of La2O3 not only accelerated the densification of porous TiN ceramics, but also decreased the porosity and increased the flexural strength. With a decrease in TiO2 particle size, the linear shrinkage increased and the porosity decreased accordingly.

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Kristály, Ferenc, and László A. Gömze. "Remnants of organic pore-forming additives in conventional clay brickmaterials: Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy study." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 60, no. 2 (2008): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2008.7.

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de Oliveira, Marize Varella, L. C. Pereira, and Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo. "Titanium Powder Processing with Binder Addition for Biomedical Applications." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.173.

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Porous structures are applied as coatings in order to improve surgical implants bone fixation by allowing the mechanical interlocking of the pores and bone. Sintered titanium porous coatings have been used for surgical implants because they have a strong attachment of the coating to the substrate. This works reports the processing and characterization of titanium porous coatings and foam samples, for surgical implants applications. Pure titanium powders mixed with urea as a binder was used for the porous coatings and foam samples. A rod shape of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy P/M sample was used as substrate. Coatings surfaces were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and the porosity characterization was made by quantitative metallografic analysis. It was found that coating porosity can be controlled by adjusting the binder percent addition and powder sizes. Sintered samples exhibited a microstructure with micropores and inteconnected macropores which is suitable to be used in surgical implants.

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Tan, Jinlong, Bingli Pan, Lei Hua, Jun Chen, Jichun Liu, Yongzhen Zhang, and Qingshan Niu. "Influence of the Addition of Nano-porous Graphite/Parafffin Additive on the Wear Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Composites." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 58, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2018.1543826.

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Gurr, Paul A., Zhou Zhang, Xiaojuan Hao, Timothy C. Hughes, and Greg G. Qiao. "Highly Ordered Honeycomb Film Formation of Linear Polymers by the Breath Figure Technique." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 10 (2016): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16119.

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Highly ordered, porous honeycomb (HC) films were prepared by the breath figure technique from linear polymers poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). Typically HC films are difficult to form from such simple linear polymers. The addition of a novel fluorinated polymer (FP) additive with as little as 1 wt-% to PMMA or 5 wt-% to PS was required to obtain regular porous HC films. Through investigation of the influence of the additive on the polymer properties, three parameters based on interfacial tension, polymer solution viscosity, and polymer solidification rate were identified as key factors affecting the ability of polymer systems to form regular porous HC films. A new hypothesis was subsequently developed based on the relationships of these parameters to explain the unusual behaviour associated with HC film formation from linear PMMA and PS with addition of FP additive. This work will provide a new tool to guide the formation of HC films and will greatly broaden the range of polymers used to form HC films in the future.

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Kamitani, Kazutaka, Takeo Hyodo, Yasuhiro Shimizu, and Makoto Egashira. "Fabrication of Highly Porous Alumina-Based Ceramics with Connected Spaces by Employing PMMA Microspheres as a Template." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/601850.

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Highly porous alumina-based ceramics were fabricated by a slip casting method by employing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres having different diameters as a template and MgO or SiC powder as a sintering aid and subsequent calcination at . Spherical pores reflecting the morphology of the PMMA microspheres could be fabricated. In addition, the formation of much smaller connected space among the pores was observed on the pore's inner walls of all ceramics. In this method, porous structure, for example, pore diameter, shape (open or closed), and mechanical properties, could be controlled by varying the particle size of PMMA microspheres and its concentration in alumina-based slurries. Highly porous and mechanically strong alumina-based ceramics having an open porosity of 62%, a connected space size of 1.3 m, and a compressive strength of 147.6 MPa could be fabricated by employing PMMA microspheres with a mean particle size of 22.6 m and an appropriate amount of SiC.

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KALEMTAS, AYSE. "Low - Temperature Sintering of Porous Ceramics via Sodium Borate Addition." Material Science Research India 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/160107.

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In the current study, sodium borate-bonded highly open porous ceramics successfully produced by starch consolidation technique. Open porous ceramic production was carried out by using an economical grade a-Si3N4, corn starch, CC31 commercial-grade kaolin, and borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O). Borax decahydrate was used as a sintering aid in the system and total ceramic (a-Si3N4 + CC31): borax decahydrate ratio was kept constant at 5:1. Sintering studies of the shaped samples carried out in an air atmosphere at a relatively low sintering temperature, 1100°C, for one hour. Scanning electron microscopy investigations of the porous ceramic samples revealed that due to the high amount of borax based sintering additive a significant amount of liquid phase formed during the sintering process of the designed ceramics. Highly open porous(~66-74%) and lightweight(~0.64-0.83 g/cm3) ceramics were produced via starch consolidation technique and low-temperature sintering at atmospheric conditions.

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Evans, Sam, Eric Jones, Pete Fox, and Chris Sutcliffe. "Analysis of variability in additive manufactured open cell porous structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 231, no. 6 (June 2017): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411917703675.

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In this article, a novel method of analysing build consistency of additively manufactured open cell porous structures is presented. Conventionally, methods such as micro computed tomography or scanning electron microscopy imaging have been applied to the measurement of geometric properties of porous material; however, high costs and low speeds make them unsuitable for analysing high volumes of components. Recent advances in the image-based analysis of open cell structures have opened up the possibility of qualifying variation in manufacturing of porous material. Here, a photogrammetric method of measurement, employing image analysis to extract values for geometric properties, is used to investigate the variation between identically designed porous samples measuring changes in material thickness and pore size, both intra- and inter-build. Following the measurement of 125 samples, intra-build material thickness showed variation of ±12%, and pore size ±4% of the mean measured values across five builds. Inter-build material thickness and pore size showed mean ranges higher than those of intra-build, ±16% and ±6% of the mean material thickness and pore size, respectively. Acquired measurements created baseline variation values and demonstrated techniques suitable for tracking build deviation and inspecting additively manufactured porous structures to indicate unwanted process fluctuations.

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Cheng, Chuan Bing, Run Hua Fan, Ke Lan Yan, Kai Sun, Min Chen, Qing Hou, and Qian Qian Li. "Fabrication and Property of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Y₂O₃-Yb₂O₃ Additions." Key Engineering Materials 655 (July 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.655.6.

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Wave-transparent porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated using 9wt% multiple sintering additives of Y2O3 and Yb2O3. The influence of sintering additive composition on the porosity, mechanical properties and microstructure of porous Si3N4 ceramics was investigated. The results showed that the porous Si3N4 ceramics with porosity ranging from 32% to 43% were prepared. For the porous Si3N4 ceramics sintered at 1690°C, flexural strength, fracture toughness and the β-Si3N4 phase content increased as the Yb2O3 content of multiple sintering additives increased from 0 to 9 wt%. In most specimens, microstructures with interlocked fibrous β-Si3N4 grains and uniformly distributed fine pores were obtained with employing scanning electron microscopic examination and X ray diffraction analysis. Sinterability and phase transformation of Si3N4 with more Yb2O3 content were more pronounced than others.

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Shen, Wen Ning, La Jun Feng, Ali Lei, and Mei Juan Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Diatomite-Based Porous Ceramics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.879.

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Diatomite-based porous ceramics were prepared by hand compression molding under low temperature sintering, using diatomite as raw material, sodium carbonate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as additives. The effects of sintering temperature, addition amount of sodium carbonate and PVA on the properties of porous ceramics were discussed. The prepared porous ceramics were characterized by mercury porosimeter, XRD, SEM and FTIR. And the adsorption of methyl orange by porous ceramics was investigated. The results show that the performances of porous ceramics, such as porosity and crushing strength, change with the addition amount of sodium carbonate and PVA, also the sintering temperature. The optimum formula for preparing porous ceramics used as carrier and filter simultaneously consists of 100 portions of calcined diatomite, 10 portions of sodium carbonate, 150 portions of water, PVA and polyacrylamide (PAM) solution[m(H2O):m(PVA):m(PAM)=1000:4:4]. When sintered at 900°C, the porosity, crushing strength, average pore diameter and specific surface area of prepared porous ceramics are 71.74%, 4.535MPa, 10.023μm and 230m2/g, respectively. The prepared porous ceramics are composed of tetragonal cristobalite. And the decoloration conversion for methyl orange of prepared porous ceramics can reach 40.43% in 90 min.

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Dasan, Arish, Paulina Ożóg, Jozef Kraxner, Hamada Elsayed, Elena Colusso, Luca Grigolato, Gianpaolo Savio, Dusan Galusek, and Enrico Bernardo. "Up-Cycling of LCD Glass by Additive Manufacturing of Porous Translucent Glass Scaffolds." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 5083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175083.

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Additive manufacturing technologies, compared to conventional shaping methods, offer great opportunities in design versatility, for the manufacturing of highly porous ceramic components. However, the application to glass powders, later subjected to viscous flow sintering, involves significant challenges, especially in shape retention and in the achievement of a substantial degree of translucency in the final products. The present paper disclosed the potential of glass recovered from liquid crystal displays (LCD) for the manufacturing of highly porous scaffolds by direct ink writing and masked stereolithography of fine powders mixed with suitable organic additives, and sintered at 950 °C, for 1–1.5 h, in air. The specific glass, featuring a relatively high transition temperature (Tg~700 °C), allowed for the complete burn-out of organics before viscous flow sintering could take place; in addition, translucency was favored by the successful removal of porosity in the struts and by the resistance of the used glass to crystallization.

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Yu, Bao Yang, Yu Wang, and Min Jiang Zhang. "Research of Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Pavement Materials with WMA and RAP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3934.

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The objectives of this paper are to characterize the mechanical properties of porous asphalt pavement mixtures containing RAP and a WMA additive using Super pave gyratory compactor and dynamic modulus testing. Four types of asphalt mixtures were evaluated in this study. This study evaluated compaction energy index, permeability, indirect tensile strength, and dynamic modulus for all types of porous asphalt mixtures. All of the asphalt mixtures meet the typical minimum coefficient of permeability in this study. In addition, only a slight decrease in was found when WMA additive was added to the porous asphalt mixture containing RAP. For indirect tensile strength testing, WMA containing RAP was found to have the highest tensile strength among all of the mixtures tested.

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Dhandapani, Ramya, Priya Dharshini Krishnan, Allen Zennifer, Vishal Kannan, Amrutha Manigandan, Michael R. Arul, Devina Jaiswal, Anuradha Subramanian, Sangamesh Gurappa Kumbar, and Swaminathan Sethuraman. "Additive manufacturing of biodegradable porous orthopaedic screw." Bioactive Materials 5, no. 3 (September 2020): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.009.

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Basalah, Ahmad, Yaser Shanjani, Shahrzad Esmaeili, and Ehsan Toyserkani. "Characterizations of additive manufactured porous titanium implants." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 100B, no. 7 (August 2, 2012): 1970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.32764.

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Di, Yong Jiang, Bi Jia, and Jun Wang. "Synthesis and Microstructure of Porous Ceramics Made from Industrial Solid Residues." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.179.

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Industrial solid residues and poor quality clay as main raw material were used to prepare porous ceramic balls by ceramics process with coal and wood powder as pore-forming additive to improve the porosity of the ceramics ball. Effect of pore-forming additive on the properties of ceramic ball was investigated. The phase composition and section morphology of the ceramics balls was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The apparent porosity and crushing force of the ceramic balls were tested by Archimedes hydrostatic weighing method and crushing strength tester respectively. The tested results showed that the apparent porosity of the porous ceramic balls mainly influenced by species and addition amount of the pore-forming additive. The apparent porosity increases with the adding of the pore-forming additive. The apparent porosity and crushing force of the optimized porous ceramic balls was 49.68% and 1.17 kN respectively, which is a potential candidate used for waste water filtration.

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Madej, M. "Copper infiltrated high speed steel skeletons." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 98 (July 1, 2019): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3391.

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Purpose: This article is a monographic summary of the most important research results from the last 10 years regarding HSS based materials. This materias were produced with powder metallurgy technology using spontaneous infiltration. The presented results answer the question of how iron, tungsten carbide and copper additives influence the final properties of these materials and present additional microstructural phenomena revealed during their manufacture. Design/methodology/approach: Materials were produced by spontaneous infiltration. Porous skeletons for infiltration were produced by pressing and pressing and sintering of mixed powders. Copper was used as the infiltrant. Findings: The molten copper was drawn into the porous skeletons, through a capillary action, and filled virtually the entire pore volume to get the final densities exceeding 97% of the theoretical value. Research limitations/implications: As part of further research, microstructures of M30WC composites obtained by direct infiltration of copper into as-sintered porous skeletons using TEM are planned. Practical implications: Efficiant mechanical strength, high hardness, adequate heat resistance and good wear resistance of M3 type 2 HSS powder produced by woter atomisation make it an attractive material for manufacture of valve train components, for example valve seat inserts. Originality/value: The novelty in the article are the results of research on the microstructure made using TEM, the results of testing materials after heat treatment, untypical for high- speed steels. The article attempts to explain the influence of iron addition on properties - such a slight loss of mass as a result of its addition. The second aim of this work is to analyse the microstructural changes during sintering porous skeletons made from HSS with WC additions.

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Marina, Biljana, Snezana Brezovska, Donco Burevski, and Biljana Panova. "Porous and adsorption properties of hydrated cement paste." Chemical Industry 58, no. 1 (2004): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0401006m.

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Adsorption isotherms of benzene on hydrated cement pastes prepared by cement ground with and without the addition of grinding aids, triethanol amine (TEA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were investigated. The adsorption isotherms were interpreted by means of the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) and Dubinin-Radushkevich-Stoeckli (DRS) equations. The microporous structure of cement gel (C-S-H) in the cement pastes, and changes in the Gibbs free energy of adsorption were determined. The mechanical properties of the cement pastes were also measured. It was evident that pastes with additives had different parameters of the DRS and DA equations: the volume and dimensions of the gel pores, the distribution of the dimensions, the characteristic energy of adsorption, and the change in the Gibbs free energy of adsorption. The mechanical properties were also different. The dispersity of the additive-containing ground cements had a favorable effect on the hydration processes. When applying TEA, it was also necessary to analyze its influence on the chemical behavior of hydration in the starting period.

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Li, Rong, Rong Zhen Liu, Gao Jian Liu, and Zhi Hao Jin. "Effects of Additives Content on the Properties of Porous SiC Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 868 (August 2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.868.89.

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The porous silicon carbide ceramics were fabricated by adding a variety of low melting point oxides in this paper. The additives were mullite, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and vanadium oxide. Effects of the additives content on the properties of porous silicon carbide ceramics were studied. The results showed that, when the additives content was greater than 2.8%, the apparent porosity, the bending strength, the permeability and the pore size were in an inversely proportional relationship with the additives content, while the content was less than 2.8%, proportional relationship was observed. When the additives content reached 2.8%, the porous SiC ceramics showed the best performances.

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Laukaitis, Antanas, and Aleksandr Dudik. "A WATER-REPELLING INVESTIGATION OF 300–450 KG/M3 DENSITY POROUS SILICATE CONCRETE." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (September 30, 1996): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1996.10531653.

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This paper deals with porous silicate convert voluminous water—repellence treatment technological parameters and properties using bitumen emulsions. Bitumen emulsions were prepared using laboratory equipment made up of two electrically heated tanks for bitumen and emulsifier. The melted bitumen solution was added at an even rate to a mixer (3000 rpm). The bitumen emulsion temperature was 80–85 °C. The emulsifying agent used for rapidly decomposing emulsions (decomposition up to 5 min) was sulphate soap and naphthenate soap EGIK-3, for medially decomposition after 5-10 min)—crude residue from petroleum refining, slowly decomposing emulsions (decomposition after move than 10 min)—sulphite liquor residues. Composition of bitumen emulsions: bitumen BND 60190 47,9 %, water 47,6 %, emulsifier 3,45-3,81 %, trisodium polyphosphate 0,95-0,60 %, washing soap (70%) 0,40-0,29 %. The bitumen emulsion decomposition time was determined by mixing it with finely milled inert filler until the bitumen forms a “ball”. Formation mixture composition: activation degree—22%, water/solids ratio V/K—0,6, amount of aluminium powder—0,25% based on solids, bitumen emulsion—1, 3, 5, 10% based on solids and calculated as bitumen mass, hydrothermic treatment conditions 1,5+8+1,5 h at 0,8 MPa vapour pressure. Water absorption was determined using standard methods by immersing samples in water and using artificial rain (1,5—2 mm/mm). Bitumen emulsion additives have an influence on the formation mixture consistency and maximum mass temperature. The formation mixture consistency also depends on the nature of the emulsifying agent used (Fig. 1) slowly decomposing emulsions, made with sulphite liquor residue, slow down the formation mixture blowing and that is why it is necessary to heat water to increase the mortar temperature to 36 °C (Fig. 2). Medially and rapidly decomposing bitumen emulsions do not greatly decrease the mass blowing (Fig. 3, curve 3) and correspondingly increase the sample density (Table 1). Bitumen emulsion additive has also an effect on calcium hydrosilicate phase composition. Sample chemical (Table 2), thermic and roentgenogram analysis indicate that the control sample cementation material is CSH(I) (Fig. 4, curve 1). 1% bitumen addition does not change the calcium hydrosilicate phase composition. A 3–5% bitumen addition in porous silicate concrete samples lower the amount of SiO2 combined into calcium hydrosilicates and at the same time the C/S ratio increases, while there is a decrease in the general amount of cementation materials (Table 2). A 5–10% bitumen addition changes the phase composition of cementation materials radically, alongside CSH(I) and α-C2S appears, which is showed by endothermic peak at 455—470°C (Fig. 4, curve 4, 5) and diffractive lines 0,242, 0,353, 0,421 nm (Fig. 5, curves 4, 5). The decrease in cementation material is explained by the quartz granule and hampers the SiO2 reaction with CaO. For this reason there is a decrease in sample compression of bitumen lower the compression strength only by 17–22%. Water absorption data in Fig. 7 was determined using a rapidly decomposing water-proofing bitumen emulsion. 1% absorption addition lowers the sample's water absorption by 2,6—3,0 times (Fig. 7 a, b curves 1, 2). A 3—5 % bitumen addition decreases water absorption by 3,0—4,0 times (Fig. 7 a, b curves 3, 4). The use of bitumen emulsion changes the nature of water absorption. If control samples after 1 h absorbed all the water amount, the samples with bitumen additive absorb only 20—40 % of the amount. When slowly and medially decomposing bitumen emulsions are used, the water absorption is the same (Fig. 8, 9). On the average, bitumen emulsions decrease the water absorption by 2—3 times. An increase in bitumen over 1 % is not favourable, because water absorption changes insignificantly. Investigations using artificial rain give lower sample water absorption (Fig. 8, 9 curves 1, 2). Water-proofed 450 kg/m3 porous silicate concrete with bitumen emulsion were used during construction of 7 one- storey houses in Vilnius, Trakai and Salcininkai districts, where this porous concrete approved itself fully. It was determined, that 300—450 kg/m3 porous silicate concrete water-proofing with bitumen emulsion is purposeful. When medially and rapidly decomposing bitumen emulsions are used, the silicate mortar fluidity increases and the blowing decreases and that is why heated water needs to be used for mixing. Bitumen additives up to 3 % do not have any influence on calcium hydrosilicate phase composition. When larger amounts of bitumen (5—10 %) are present, alongside CSH(I), α-C2S is formed and the total amount of calcium hydrosilicate decreases. In this case the bitumen forms a film which covers the quartz grains. 1 % bitumen addition decreases the sample strength by 17—22 %, but bitumen emulsions are efficient additions and lower the porous silicate concrete sample water absorption by 1—3 times.

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Heere, Michael, Olena Zavorotynska, Stefano Deledda, Magnus H. Sørby, David Book, Theodore Steriotis, and Bjørn C. Hauback. "Effect of additives, ball milling and isotopic exchange in porous magnesium borohydride." RSC Advances 8, no. 49 (2018): 27645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05146a.

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Specific surface area measurements (BET) of as received and ball milled samples showed the collapse of the porous network after milling, while a heat treated ball milled sample regained most of its porous γ-Mg(BH₄)₂ structure.

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Zhang, Min, Changjun Chen, Chang Liu, and Shunquan Wang. "Study on Porous Mg-Zn-Zr ZK61 Alloys Produced by Laser Additive Manufacturing." Metals 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080635.

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This study reports the effect of Zn contents on surface morphology, porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) porous ZK61 alloys. The surface morphology and porosity of the LAMed porous ZK61 alloys depend on the laser energy input. With increasing Zn contents, the surface quality of porous Mg-Zn-Zr alloys became worse, the grains are obviously refined and the precipitated phases experienced successive transitions: MgZn → MgZn + Mg7Zn3 → Mg7Zn3. The microhardness was improved significantly and ranged from 57.67 HV to 109.36 HV, which was ascribed to the fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The LAMed porous Mg-15 wt.% Zn-0.3 wt.% Zr alloy exhibits the highest ultimate compressive strength (73.07 MPa) and elastic modulus (1.785 GPa).

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35

Kayal, N., A. Dey, and O. Chakrabarti. "Effect of Y₂O₃ addition on the properties of mullite bonded porous SiC ceramics prepared by an infiltration technique." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 52, no. 5 (October 31, 2013): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.302013.

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Djakfar, Ludfi, Hendi Bowoputro, Bangun Prawiro, and Nugraha Tarigan. "Performance of Recycled Porous Hot Mix Asphalt with Gilsonite Additive." Advances in Civil Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/316719.

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The objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of porous asphalt using waste recycled concrete material and explore the effect of adding Gilsonite to the mixture. As many as 90 Marshall specimens were prepared with varied asphalt content, percentage of Gilsonite as an additive, and proportioned recycled and virgin coarse aggregate. The test includes permeability capability and Marshall characteristics. The results showed that recycled concrete materials seem to have a potential use as aggregate in the hot mix asphalt, particularly on porous hot mix asphalt. Adding Gilsonite at ranges 8–10% improves the Marshall characteristic of the mix, particularly its stability, without decreasing significantly the permeability capability of the mix. The use of recycled materials tends to increase the asphalt content of the mix at about 1 to 2% higher. With stability reaching 750 kg, the hot mix recycled porous asphalt may be suitable for use in the local roads with medium vehicle load.

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Rekadze, Pavel, and Leonid Rodionov. "ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCES OF METAL SAMPLES MANUFACTURED BY ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES." Akustika, VOLUME 38 (March 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20213818.

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Porous materials (PMs) have been widely used since the development of powder metallurgy. PM samples are obtained by various methods, while the structure varies from sample to sample. Deviation from a given structure leads to a deviation of the specified properties up to 30%, including acoustic. Selective laser melting (SLM), allows to obtain samples with a low structural deviation (up to 13%) in a wide porosity range P=0.3-0.7. An increase in the sound absorption coefficient and the expansion of the frequency range allows to use such samples in noise reduction units’ designs. Nine samples with different porosity and cell shape were obtained by the SLM method with the use of AlSi10Mg aluminum powder obtained by gas atomization and BB751P nickel powder obtained by plasma centrifugal spraying. The porosity of the samples (P) varied in the range (0.3–0.7), the diameter was D = 34.5 mm, and the height varied in the range of 15–45 mm. The acoustic characteristics comparison of traditional PMs with porous fused material (PFM) by the sound absorption index shows that PM, as a rule, are superior to PFM, while it is approximately equal to porous cast

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Mahnicka-Goremikina, Ludmila, Ruta Svinka, and Visvaldis Svinka. "Influence of Metal Oxides Additives on the Porous Mullite Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 604 (March 2014): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.293.

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The porous mullite ceramics doped with such metal oxides as ZrO2, WO3 and MgO in quantity of 5 wt% were prepared by slip casting method. The mullite phase was the main and dominant phase of ZrO2-, WO3- and MgO-doped samples, which were sintered at the temperatures of 1650°C, 1500°C, respectively. The ZrO2, WO3 and MgO had the positive effect on the increase of porosity and decrease of thermal conductivity of porous mullite ceramics and the degree of this effect was in the order of ZrO2<MgO<WO3.

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Chen, Wen Ming, Sung Jae Lee, and Peter Vee Sin Lee. "Failure Analysis of an Additive Manufactured Porous Titanium Structure for Orthopedic Implant Applications." Materials Science Forum 863 (August 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.863.45.

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Porous metallic biomaterials produced using additive manufacturing technologies have gained popularity in orthopaedic implant applications. Porous metals provide enhanced biological anchorage for the bone tissue surrounding implants, and to promote rapid bone ingrowth. However, fragility associated with highly-porous metals is still a major concern. Standard mechanical testing yields merely structural parameters (i.e. stiffness and strength), but infers nothing about local strains in the micro-architecture such as struts. This study aims to develop a technique applicable for direct measurement of strain in porous titanium (Ti) structures. A low rigidity lattice Ti sample was specifically designed and fabricated using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. A novel compression test was performed, in which the surface lattice pattern of the Ti cube during the entire compression process was captured. Customized Matlab code was then used to compare lattice images in the unloaded and loaded states to compute strains. The results of full-field strain calculations were presented to demonstrate the capacity of the method. The characterization of localized strains from experiments can aid in the understanding of the mechanics of porous Ti structures, the relationship between microstructures and overall mechanical property, and the interpretation of failure patterns observed in complicated microstructures such as strut.

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Braga, N. A., N. G. Ferreira, Francisco Piorino Neto, M. R. Baldan, and Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo. "Hydrogen Addition Effect on 3D Porous Titanium Produced by Powder Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.289.

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Titanium is an attractive material for structural and biomedical applications because of its excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and high strength-to-weight ratio. Power metallurgy was used in this work to prepare 3D porous titanium. The powders became fragile from hydrogenation process and were able to be used to obtain compacts with different porosities by uniaxial pressing and sintering without applied pressure. Since hydrogen dissolves easily in titanium to form titanium hydrides which have a strong influence on the microstructure coarsening and mechanical properties, the study of the porous compacts hydrogenation was carried out by hydrogenation at different temperatures (870 K up to 1070 K) in a hot filament reactor. Titanium surface morphology changes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. High resolution x-ray was used to characterize the present phases. Evaluation of the porous titanium hydrides mechanical behavior was realized by flexion assay performed at three points.

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Newell, J. D., S. N. Patankar, and D. B. Edwards. "Porous microspheres as additives in lead–acid batteries." Journal of Power Sources 188, no. 1 (March 2009): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.067.

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Li, Guanghai, Zhi Jiang, Anquan Jiang, and Lide Zhang. "Strengthening of porous Al2O3 ceramics through nanoparticle addition." Nanostructured Materials 8, no. 6 (September 1997): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(97)00216-x.

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Kudiakov, A., I. Prischepa, and M. Tolchennickov. "Foam concrete with porous mineral and organic additives." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 71 (January 20, 2015): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/71/1/012016.

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Ma, Xiang, Qiang Li, Yu-Chao Cui, and An-Qi Ni. "Performance of porous asphalt mixture with various additives." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 19, no. 4 (April 25, 2016): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2016.1175560.

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Huang, Chih-Chieh, Ming-Jun Li, Pei-I. Tsai, Pei-Ching Kung, San-Yuan Chen, Jui-Sheng Sun, and Nien-Ti Tsou. "Novel design of additive manufactured hollow porous implants." Dental Materials 36, no. 11 (November 2020): 1437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.011.

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Rochaeti, R., J. Endawati, and T. Oktaviani. "Mechanical properties of porous asphalt with gilsonite additive." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1108, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1108/1/012002.

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47

Palmqvist, Lisa, Karin Lindqvist, and Chris Shaw. "Porous Multilayer PZT Materials Made by Aqueous Tape Casting." Key Engineering Materials 333 (March 2007): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.333.215.

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Porous piezoelectric ceramics are of interest for hydrophones and medical imaging because of their enhanced coupling with water or biological tissue due to acoustic impedance matching. Multilayer lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrates with dense and porous interlayers were produced by tape casting of aqueous PZT slips with high solids contents. The use of latex binders with low viscosity enabled addition of starch as a fugitive additive to create air/ceramic composites with ´3-3´connectivity. Microstructures, piezoelectric and mechanical properties of sintered, poled laminates were evaluated. The relative permittivity, ε33, decreased by 40% for laminates with porous interlayers compared to dense ones, whereas the relative decrease in piezoelectric longitudinal coefficient, d33, was 35%. Laminates with porous interlayers maintained 72% of their bending strength compared to dense ones.

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Bao, Qi Fu, Wei Xia Dong, Jian Er Zhou, Yong Qing Wang, and Yang Liu. "Effects of Pore Former on Properties of Alumina Porous Ceramic for Application in Micro-Filtration Membrane Supports." Key Engineering Materials 655 (July 2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.655.97.

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Due to its excellent chemical stability, high temperature resistance and mechanical properties, alumina porous ceramic was the first choice of the production of microfiltration membrane support body material. In this paper, alumina porous ceramic was prepared by alumina as main materials and adding proper amount of adhesives and sintering additives. Effects of the kinds and addition of pore formers, such as starch, graphite and carbon-black, on properties of alumina porous ceramic was studied. The porosity of the fired samples was evaluated by Archimedes law. The fired samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength and mercury porosimeter measurements. Alumina porous ceramic composition was prepared by mixing 100% alumina with different particle size and 8 % graphite pore former. The sample was pressured at 10 MPa and fired at 1650 °C for 2 h, and endowed with 6-8 μm of the average pore diameter, 37.65 % of the porosity and 40.33 MPa of the compressive strength, respectively. The influence law of the kinds and addition of graphite pore former on the performance of alumina porous ceramic was studied for application in micro-filtration mmembrane supports.

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Evans, Samuel, Eric Jones, Peter Fox, and Chris Sutcliffe. "Photogrammetric analysis of additive manufactured metallic open cell porous structures." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 8 (November 12, 2018): 1380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0082.

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PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a novel method for the analysis of open cell porous components fabricated by laser-based powder bed metal additive manufacturing (AM) for the purpose of quality control. This method uses photogrammetric analysis, the extraction of geometric information from an image through the use of algorithms. By applying this technique to porous AM components, a rapid, low-cost inspection of geometric properties such as material thickness and pore size is achieved. Such measurements take on greater importance, as the production of porous additive manufactured orthopaedic devices increases in number, causing other, slower and more expensive methods of analysis to become impractical.Design/methodology/approachHere the development of the photogrammetric method is discussed and compared to standard techniques including scanning electron microscopy, micro computed tomography scanning and the recently developed focus variation (FV) imaging. The system is also validated against test graticules and simple wire geometries of known size, prior to the more complex orthopaedic structures.FindingsThe photogrammetric method shows an ability to analyse the variability in build fidelity of AM porous structures for use in inspection purposes to compare component properties. While measured values for material thickness and pore size differed from those of other techniques, the new photogrammetric technique demonstrated a low deviation when repeating measurements, and was able to analyse components at a much faster rate and lower cost than the competing systems, with less requirement for specific expertise or training.Originality/valueThe advantages demonstrated by the image-based technique described indicate the system to be suitable for implementation as a means of in-line process control for quality and inspection applications, particularly for high-volume production where existing methods would be impractical.

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Bracci, Barbara, Silvia Panzavolta, Adriana Bigi, S. Prosperi, and F. Bucciotti. "Fast Deposition of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite into Additive Manufactured Titanium Porous Structures." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.458.

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This paper reports the results of a study aimed to deposit a biomimetic apatitic coating on the porous surface of Ti alloy acetabular cups, produced with AM techniques. To this purpose, we utilized a slight supersaturated Ca/P solution at physiological values of pH and temperature. The results of the XRD, SEM and EDS investigation indicate the 6 h immersion in the calcifying solution are sufficient to provoke the deposition of a uniform coating of poor crystalline apatite on the surface and inside the porous structure of the substrates.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Additifs poreux'

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