Relevant bibliographies by topics / Additive adsorption

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Additive adsorption'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Additive adsorption"

1

Feng, Bing, Shuang Hong Liu, Guo Xu Chen, Kun Wang, and Pei Hua Shang. "Research on the Sorption of Anticorrosion and Antiwear Addtives on Surface of Axletree." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1284.

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Conduct simulative adsorption experiment with lubricating oil containing anticorrosion additive and axletree, measure the variation of which represents the absorption of anticorrosive on the surface of friction pairs, and then testify the adsorptive function of anticorrosive on the surface of friction pairs; By the adsorptive experiment conducted on lubricating oil containing anti-wear additive, find out that the competitive adsorptive relation between anti-wear additive and anticorrosive.
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Skerlos, Steven J., N. Rajagopalan, Richard E. DeVor, Shiv G. Kapoor, and V. Don Angspatt. "Ingredient-Wise Study of Flux Characteristics in the Ceramic Membrane Filtration of Uncontaminated Synthetic Metalworking Fluids, Part 2: Analysis of Underlying Mechanisms." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286131.

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Part 2 of this paper reveals the predominant mechanism of flux decline during microfiltration of the synthetic MWF described in Part 1 of this paper. An analysis of flux data obtained during the experimental investigation suggests that adsorptive interactions occur at the membrane surface. Field Emission Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-ESEM) images of aluminum oxide membranes after MWF microfiltration illustrate that adsorption leads to a reduction in pore diameter that serves to reduce flux. The majority of the adsorption is accounted for by a single lubricant additive in the MWF formulation. FE-ESEM images also reveal that the mechanism of flux decline for the defoamer varies depending on the presence of lubricant additive in solution. In the absence of lubricant additive, the defoamer forms a cake layer at the membrane surface. In the presence of the lubricant additive, the defoamer adsorbs to the surface of the membrane with the lubricant additive to constrict pores. In contrast to the lubricant additive and defoamer, base fluid flux decline observed after specialty additive exposure cannot be accounted for by adsorption leading to pore constriction. [S1087-1357(00)01203-X]
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Rengga, W. D. P., M. Sudibandriyo, and M. Nasikin. "Development of Formaldehyde Adsorption using Modified Activated Carbon – A Review." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 1, no. 3 (November 3, 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.1.3.75-80.

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Gas storage is a technology developed with an adsorptive storage method, in which gases are stored as adsorbed components on the certain adsorbent. Formaldehyde is one of the major indoor gaseous pollutants. Depending on its concentration, formaldehyde may cause minor disorder symptoms to a serious injury. Some of the successful applications of technology for the removal of formaldehyde have been reported. However, this paper presents an overview of several studies on the elimination of formaldehyde that has been done by adsorption method because of its simplicity. The adsorption method does not require high energy and the adsorbent used can be obtained from inexpensive materials. Most researchers used activated carbon as an adsorbent for removal of formaldehyde because of its high adsorption capacity. Activated carbons can be produced from many materials such as coals, woods, or agricultural waste. Some of them were prepared by specific activation methods to improve the surface area. Some researchers also used modified activated carbon by adding specific additive to improve its performance in attracting formaldehyde molecules. Proposed modification methods on activation and additive impregnated carbon are thus discussed in this paper for future development and improvement of formaldehyde adsorption on activated carbon. Specifically, a waste agricultural product is chosen for activated carbon raw material because it is renewable and gives an added value to the materials. The study indicates that the performance of the adsorption of formaldehyde might be improved by using modified activated carbon. Bamboo seems to be the most appropriate raw materials to produce activated carbon combined with applying chemical activation method and addition of metal oxidative catalysts such as Cu or Ag in nano size particles. Bamboo activated carbon can be developed in addition to the capture of formaldehyde as well as the storage of adsorptive hydrogen gas that supports renewable energy. Keywords: adsorption; bamboo; formaldehyde; modified activated carbon; nano size particles
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Khamlue, Phitchayanin, Narumon Lertcumfu, Pharatree Jaita, Supalak Manotham, Tawee Tunkasiri, Pruchya Malasri, and Gobwute Rujijanagul. "The Effects of Biochar Additive on the Properties of Geopolymer Materials." Key Engineering Materials 798 (April 2019): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.273.

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In this research, the effects of biochar additive on the properties of geopolymer materials were investigated. Normally, the geopolymer can be used for adsorption materials due to good ion exchange capacity. Biochar also has the application as an adsorption material for pollutant removal. Biochar particles were prepared from waste materials in pyrolysis condition. The geopolymer materials were prepared by mixing metakaolin and aluminium oxide in alkaline activator solutions of Na2SiO3and NaOH. Biochar was mixed with geopolymer by 0, 10, 20, and 30 % weight of binder. A NaOH concentration of 15 M, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios of 1.5 by weight were used. The density, porosity, and water absorption were measured. The phase formation, microstructure, and bonds of the sample were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption capacity of each sample was determined by methylene blue adsorption tests. The result of the removal efficiency of all samples shows high adsorption capacity (60-70 %). It should be interesting alternative materials used for remove of aqueous solution.
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Jahanmir, S., and M. Beltzer. "Effect of Additive Molecular Structure on Friction Coefficient and Adsorption." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261129.

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Experimental results on friction coefficients obtained with a number of model additives in a four ball test apparatus have confirmed a recently proposed model of boundary lubrication. The values of adsorption free energies, calculated from friction coefficient data, agreed very closely with the free energies of adsorption determined by contact potential difference measurements. In general, the ranking order of additives based on the free energy of adsorption was the same as the published literature. The friction coefficient data obtained here were in excellent agreement with the published data on the chain length effect, chain saturation and branching and polar end-group structure. The ranking order within each group of single chain compounds was explained by the chain dispersion interactions. In general, the greater the chain dispersion interaction, the lower the minimum friction coefficient (the friction coefficient at monolayer coverage).
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Schreifels, John A., Robert E. Morris, Noel H. Turner, Robert L. Mowery, and Steven M. Hues. "Adsorption of a metal deactivator additive onto metal surfaces." Energy & Fuels 5, no. 2 (March 1991): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00026a007.

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Tabara, Aya, Chihiro Yamane, Makoto Abe, and Masaharu Seguchi. "Adsorption of xanthene food additive dyes to cellulose granules." Cellulose 18, no. 1 (October 16, 2010): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-010-9462-2.

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Fefelov, V. F., P. V. Stishenko, V. M. Kutanov, A. V. Myshlyavtsev, and M. D. Myshlyavtseva. "Monte Carlo study of adsorption of additive gas mixture." Adsorption 22, no. 4-6 (January 5, 2016): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-015-9753-x.

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Ma, Cha, Yu Ping Yang, and Long Li. "Analysis of Adsorption Mechanism of Anti-Balling Additive for Drilling Engineering on Metal Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.551.

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Due to the repeated cracking caused by the adsorption of cuttings on the surface of drilling bits and BHA during drilling operation, the rate of penetration (ROP) could reduce remarkably. The anti-balling additive for drilling fluids (ABA) could eliminate the adsorption effect of cuttings, and increase ROP significantly. In this paper, the mechanism of eliminating the adsorption effect of cuttings was investigated in details. The results indicate that ABA can form multilayer chemical and physical adsorption on the surface of drill bits and BHA in the form of oriented adsorption of organic phosphine, which is of great importance to the design of drilling fluid system and field operation to raise ROP.
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Tomie, Mineyoshi, Takanori Akita, Masaru Irita, and Masanori Hayase. "Transitional Additive Adsorption with Co-Addition of Suppressor and Leveler for Copper TSV Filling." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 082513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab90ad.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Additive adsorption"

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Fritz, Susanne. "MD-Simulationen zur Adsorption von Additiven aus wässriger Lösung auf Calciumsulfat-Flächen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-173886.

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Die Adsorption von Additiven an den Oberflächen eines Kristallisates wird als eine hauptsächliche Ursache für die Beeinflussung von Kristallwachstum und Morphologie angesehen und spielt bei vielen Kristallisationsprozessen eine entscheidende Rolle. Gerade für die Calciumsulfate, die im Millionen-Tonnen-Maßstab jährlich in Deutschland verarbeitet werden, stellt der Additiv-Einsatz einen Hauptkostenfaktor dar, während gleichzeitig die Additivwirkung mechanistisch nicht ausreichend gut verstanden und damit derzeit nicht vorhersagbar ist. Zur Erlangung eines besseren Verständnisses wurden mit Hilfe von molekulardynamischen Computersimulationen die Prozesse in den Grenzflächen zwischen festen Calciumsulfaten und wässriger Additivlösung auf atomarer Ebene analysiert. Wesentlicher Untersuchungsschwerpunkt war dabei die Rolle des polaren Lösungsmittels Wasser auf die Wechselwirkung zwischen verschiedenen ionischen Additivspezies und den Salzkristallen.
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Badens, Elisabeth. "Etude de l'adsorption de l'eau sur les cristaux de gypse et de son influence sur les propriétés mécaniques du plâtre pris pur et additive." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30002.

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Le platre pris est un materiau constitue de cristaux de gypse enchevetres qui doit sa bonne cohesion a cet enchevetrement et aux interactions inter cristallines. Aux fortes humidites relatives, une perte de rigidite du materiau est observee. Des methodes de tests mecaniques non destructifs ont ete mises au point afin de suivre le comportement mecanique d'un meme echantillon de platre pris en fonction de sa teneur en eau. Les resultats des tests mecaniques traduisant un effet de l'eau a une echelle macroscopique ont ete correles a des mesures d'isotherme d'adsorption de l'eau sur le platre pris montrant le comportement de l'eau a une echelle microscopique. L'eau s'adsorberait preferentiellement au niveau des joints de grains et a partir d'une certaine epaisseur de la couche d'eau adsorbee, aux fortes humidites relatives, l'eau acquiert les proprietes de l'eau libre et entraine la perte de rigidite du materiau. Un mouillage partiel de l'eau sur la face (010) d'un monocristal de gypse a ete observe. Une etude de la tenue en fluage du platre pris a mis en evidence un glissement visqueux des cristaux de gypse les uns sur les autres a une humidite relative de 97% et a temperature ambiante. Des travaux ont ete consacres a l'etude d'additifs susceptibles d'ameliorer la rigidite du platre pris en milieu humide. Nous avons etudie l'influence des additifs sur le retard a la cristallisation du gypse, sur la morphologie et le facies du cristal de gypse et enfin sur les proprietes mecaniques du platre pris sec ou humide. L'adsorption des additifs sur les cristaux de gypse et leur incorporation ont ete caracterisees par electrophorese capillaire et une bonne correlation a ete mise en evidence entre la quantite d'additif adsorbee et le retard a la cristallisation du gypse.
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Banik, Stephen John II. "Suppressing Dendritic Growth during Zinc Electrodeposition using Polyethylenimine as an Electrolyte Additive for Rechargeable Zinc Batteries." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459266964.

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Trindade, Eduardo Dominguez. "Efeito do tipo de óleo básico no desempenho tribológico de dialquilditiocarbamato de molibdênio como aditivo para lubrificantes automotivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-23122014-152226/.

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A otimização da formulação do óleo lubrificante empregado em motores de combustão interna é uma importante maneira de se reduzir o atrito e assim aumentar a eficiência energética. É também uma forma de assegurar proteção ao sistema, mantendo a taxa de desgaste em um nível adequado. O óleo de motor é uma mistura de óleos básicos selecionados com aditivos, entre os quais podem ser encontrados os modificadores de atrito, que são compostos com capacidade de aderir às superfícies metálicas, proporcionando melhoria da lubrificação em condições mista e limítrofe. O dialquilditiocarbamato de molibdênio (MoDTC) está entre os mais importantes redutores de atrito empregados em óleos lubrificantes. Ésteres sintéticos podem ser usados como óleos básicos em algumas formulações. Visto que ésteres são mais polares que hidrocarbonetos, essas moléculas podem atuar modificando propriedades do óleo na região próxima à superfície metálica. Podem também interferir com filmes adsorvidos, limitando sua efetividade. O objetivo do trabalho é a comparação dos efeitos do MoDTC em diferentes misturas contendo hidrocarboneto e éster. Para isso, formulações lubrificantes contendo uma polialfaolefina, um diéster e um aditivo à base de MoDTC foram preparadas, caracterizadas e ensaiadas em tribômetro oscilatório SRV usando configuração esfera-­disco. Foram empregadas esferas de aço AISI 52100 e discos de aço AISI H13. Foi estudada a influência da variação da temperatura e da força normal aplicada. Empregando-­se mistura de hidrocarboneto e éster como lubrificante, o aumento da temperatura causou leve aumento do coeficiente de atrito. Em ausência de MoDTC, a presença de éster aumentou a capacidade de suportação de carga das formulações. Os testes com óleos contendo MoDTC foram marcados pela ocorrência de dois fenômenos: ativação e depleção do aditivo. Estes fenômenos se mostraram dependentes da carga normal e da composição do óleo. O efeito de redução do atrito pelo MoDTC tende a ser menos duradouro com óleos mais ricos em éster e em condições de carregamento mais severo. O comportamento tribológico do éster em mistura com polialfaolefina, medido através do coeficiente de atrito, seguiu a isoterma de adsorção de Frumkin, com alguma atração entre as moléculas do éster, e energia livre da ordem de -­4 kJ/mol, típica de fisissorção. Óleos envelhecidos artificialmente foram testados e não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação aos mesmos óleos novos. A adição de etanol aos óleos envelhecidos causou uma leve diminuição no coeficiente de atrito a 40 °C; tal efeito não foi perceptível em temperaturas mais altas, provavelmente devido à perda por evaporação do álcool.
The optimization of the lubricant oil formulation used in internal combustion engines is an important way of reducing friction, thus increasing energetic efficiency. It is also a way of protecting the system, maintaining wear rate in an adequate level. The engine oil is a blend of selected base oils with additives, amongst which are the friction modifiers substances able to adhere to the metal surfaces, thus providing better lubrication at the mixed and boundary regimes. Molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) is amongst the most important friction reducers used in lubricant oils. Synthetic esters may be employed as base oils in some formulations as well. Given that esters are more polar than hydrocarbons, these molecules can actuate by modifying oil properties in the near-­surface region. They can also interfere with adsorbed films, preventing their effectiveness. The objective of this work is the comparison of the effects of MoDTC in different mixtures containing hydrocarbon and ester. With this aim, lubricating formulations containing a polyalphaolefin, a diester and a MoDTC-­based additive were prepared, characterized and tested in a reciprocating SRV tribometer using ball-­on-­disc configuration. AISI 52100 steel balls and AISI H13 steel discs were employed. The influences of the temperature and of the normal load were both studied. Employing a mixture of hydrocarbon and ester as lubricant, a higher temperature caused a slightly higher coefficient of friction in the lubricant free of additive. In the absence of MoDTC, the ester increased the load-­carrying capacity of the lubricant formulations. Tests with MoDTC-­containing oils were characterized by two phenomena: activation and depletion of the additive. These phenomena showed to be dependent on the normal load and on the oil composition. The MoDTC friction reducing effect tends to be less sustainable with higher ester concentrations and at higher loads. The tribological behavior of the ester in the presence of polyalphaolefin, as measured by the coefficient of friction, followed the Frumkin adsorption isotherm, with some attraction between ester molecules, and free energy in the order of -­4 kJ/mol, typical of physisorption. Artificially aged oils were tested and did not show differences when compared with the results of the fresh oils. Adding ethanol to the aged oils caused a slightly reduction in the coefficient of friction at 40 °C, but this effect was not observed at higher temperatures, probably due to evaporation loss of the alcohol.
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Schneider, Jana. "Beitrag zur Wirkungsweise von Verzögerern beim Abbinden von Stuckgipsen." Doctoral thesis, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2009. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22717.

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In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Additive (Carbonsäuren, Phosphonsäuren und Retardan P) auf die einzelnen Teilprozesse des Abbindens von Gips an technischen und synthetischen Halbhydraten unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen untersucht. Vorrangig bei der Keimbildung und beim Kristallwachstum wurde ein Einfluss der Additive beobachtet. Das pH-abhängige Wirkungsoptimum kann mit der Speziation der Additive erklärt werden. Ihre Wirkung wird durch Adsorption auf CaSO4-Oberflächen verursacht. Die Untersuchungen ergaben eine bevorzugte Ca-Affinität mit den Flächen (120) und (001) zunehmend von Citronensäure über Weinsäure, HEDP zu HDTMP. Die in verdünnten homogenen Lösungen erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind nicht direkt auf den Abbindeprozess in Pasten übertragbar. In-situ Ramanspektroskopie und Auswaschexperimente weisen in Pasten auf irreversible Adsorption und ein Überwachsen der Additive hin, was zur Abnahme ihrer Wirkung führt. Auf die Festigkeit der abgebundenen Gipskörper zeigen die Additive kaum Einfluss.
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Schneider, Jana. "Beitrag zur Wirkungsweise von Verzögerern beim Abbinden von Stuckgipsen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-27696.

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In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Additive (Carbonsäuren, Phosphonsäuren und Retardan P) auf die einzelnen Teilprozesse des Abbindens von Gips an technischen und synthetischen Halbhydraten unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen untersucht. Vorrangig bei der Keimbildung und beim Kristallwachstum wurde ein Einfluss der Additive beobachtet. Das pH-abhängige Wirkungsoptimum kann mit der Speziation der Additive erklärt werden. Ihre Wirkung wird durch Adsorption auf CaSO4-Oberflächen verursacht. Die Untersuchungen ergaben eine bevorzugte Ca-Affinität mit den Flächen (120) und (001) zunehmend von Citronensäure über Weinsäure, HEDP zu HDTMP. Die in verdünnten homogenen Lösungen erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind nicht direkt auf den Abbindeprozess in Pasten übertragbar. In-situ Ramanspektroskopie und Auswaschexperimente weisen in Pasten auf irreversible Adsorption und ein Überwachsen der Additive hin, was zur Abnahme ihrer Wirkung führt. Auf die Festigkeit der abgebundenen Gipskörper zeigen die Additive kaum Einfluss.
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Momeni, Matin. "Adsorption of fuel additives on metal surfaces." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201933.

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Efstathiou, Eirini. "Adsorption of novel lubricant additives from dodecane onto solid surfaces." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430985.

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Liu, Jin. "Effects of Chemical Additives on the Light Weight Paper." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7626.

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Tissue, among the highest value added paper products, finds extensive application in modern society. Continued efforts are being made to further improve tissue properties, such as strength, softness and water absorbency. Besides the efforts on characterizing facial tissue softness, this study focuses on tissue quality improvement through chemical means. The application of a wet strength resin, Kymene1500 and a debonding agent, Softrite7516 onto cellulose fibers is considered. First, the adsorption kinetics of the two chemical additives onto cellulose fibers was studied. The adsorption mechanisms were proposed and validated by kinetic data. A novel apparatus was designed in this study, and represented the first in the field to collect real-time data, which has the potential to be applied to the adsorption kinetic study of other types of paper additives. Second, the effects of Kymene1500 and Softrite7516 on various sheet properties were studied. The results provide quantitative information on tissue additives effects on sheet properties. It is shown that the combined application of the additives can overcome the disadvantages of individual species and produce sheets with both wet strength and softness. Finally, environmental-benign debonding agents with polyoxyethylene chains were applied to the sheets, and the effects of two design parameters, i.e., fatty acid and degree of ethoxylation, on tissue properties were investigated.
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Kozak, Darby Merrick. "The adsorption and stabilising effect of fuel additives on carbon black and steel surfaces." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420903.

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Books on the topic "Additive adsorption"

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Symons, James M. Treatment of drinking water by bromide addition and powdered activated carbon adsorption. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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M, Symons James. Treatment of drinking water by bromide addition and powdered activated carbon adsorption. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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J, Carroll Gregory, Waterland L. R. 1948-, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Bench-scale testing of sorbent additives for trace metal capture and retention. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Bench-scale testing of sorbent additives for trace metal capture and retention. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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J, Carroll Gregory, Waterland L. R. 1948-, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Bench-scale testing of sorbent additives for trace metal capture and retention. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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J, Carroll Gregory, Waterland L. R. 1948-, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Bench-scale testing of sorbent additives for trace metal capture and retention. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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J, Carroll Gregory, Waterland L. R. 1948-, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency., eds. Bench-scale testing of sorbent additives for trace metal capture and retention. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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J, Carroll Gregory, Waterland L. R. 1948-, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Bench-scale testing of sorbent additives for trace metal capture and retention. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Additive adsorption"

1

Islam, Omar, Clive R. Siviour, and Kalin I. Dragnevski. "An ESEM/EDX Methodology for the Study of Additive Adsorption at the Polymer-Air Interface." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 145–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16919-4_19.

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Zhang, G. Y., and T. R. Yu. "Coordination Adsorption of Anions." In Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097450.003.0009.

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In Chapter 4, when the electrostatic adsorption of anions by variable charge soils is discussed, another type of adsorption, specific adsorption, has already been mentioned, although it is not very remarkable for chloride ions and nitrate ions. For some other anions, specific adsorption can be very important. Specific adsorption is determined by the nature of the anions and is also related to the kind of functional groups on the surface of soils. In general, this type of adsorption is more pronounced in soils containing large amounts of iron and aluminum oxides. Therefore, specific adsorption of anions is one of the important characteristics of variable charge soils. Specific adsorption is a common term. For anions, the mechanism of specific adsorption is ligand exchange between these ions and some groups that have already been coordinately linked on the surface of soil particles. Therefore, the term coordination adsorption may be more appropriate than the term specific adsorption. For variable charge soils, phosphate is the strongest specifically adsorbed anion species. Phosphate adsorption is also the most intensively studied anion adsorption in soil science. However, the valence status of phosphate ions is apt to change with the change in environmental conditions. In the adsorption of phosphate by soils, in addition to ligand exchange, other mechanisms, such as chemical precipitation, may also be involved. Therefore, the phenomenon of phosphate adsorption is rather complex, and it is often difficult to make definitive interpretations of experimental results. In the present chapter, the coordination adsorption of anions will be discussed, mainly taking sulfate as the example, because sulfate is only secondary to phosphate in importance for agricultural production among anions capable of undergoing coordination adsorption. For the purpose of comparison, the adsorption of fluoride ions will also be mentioned. On the surface of soil particles there are functional groups such as hydroxyl groups (M-OH) and water molecules (M-OH2) that can participate in ligand exchange with anions. Al-OH, Fe-OH, Al-OH2, and Fe-OH2 groups on the surface of soil particles are the important sites for coordination adsorption of anions. Therefore, when a soil contains large amounts of iron and aluminum oxides, the phenomenon of coordination adsorption of anions will be more pronounced.
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Adams, Feyisayo Victoria, Mbali Mokgatla, Abubakar Ishak, Chukwuma Valentine Onwujiuba, Pwafureino Reuel Moses, and Utseoritselaju Okorodudu. "Corrosion Inhibitors: Effect on Aluminum Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000197.

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Aluminum alloys are less corrosion resistance compared to the pure aluminum. The less corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloys results from trading their mechanical strength and stability with their corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloys show inhibition in alkaline, acidic, neutral chloride free, and chloride media. This study covers studies done on different inhibitors used in corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys in various media. Generally, the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitors increases with increase in the concentration of the inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency also depends on the characteristic of the inhibitor; whether it is a mixed-type, anodic, or cathodic inhibitor. The experimental data fit in Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicates physical adsorption, while Gibb’s free energy values show that aluminum alloys’ corrosion inhibition is by spontaneous adsorption process. The addition of chloride in alkaline solution improves corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys.
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Dahlan, Irvan, and Sariyah Mahdzir. "Adsorption of Dyes in Aqueous Medium Using RHA and CFA." In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 458–75. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch019.

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The preparation of adsorbent from the mixture of rice husk ash (RHA) and coal fly ash (CFA) has been investigated for adsorption of acid violet 7 (AV7) and brilliant green (BG) dyes. The RHA-CFA adsorbents were prepared using three different methods, i.e. reflux, magnetic co-precipitation, and magnetic template. Five different additives were used in reflux method. The results showed that RHA-CFA adsorbent prepared through reflux methods using NaOH and Na2CO3 shows higher dyes adsorption removal as compared to other methods. From zeta potential analysis, the electric charge of the outer layer of prepared adsorbent shows no effect towards adsorption of AV7 and BG dyes. By using a 3-factor, 3-level factorial design, the relationship between all variables was studied. From the response surface models, the optimum adsorbent preparation variables could be obtained by using RHA-CFA adsorbent prepared by refluxing 3:1 ratio of RHA to CFA in 1.21 M NaOH solution. The results indicated that the optimized values agree reasonably well with the validated experimental results.
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Sadegh, Hamidreza, and Gomaa A. M. Ali. "Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment." In Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater, 51–61. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5754-8.ch004.

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High-quality water is one of the most important challenges around the world. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment need to be developed. Therefore, finding sustainable, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment techniques is required. In this regard, due to the extraordinary potential of nanotechnology resulted from nanoscale size characteristics, recently nanomaterials have been the subject of novel research and development worldwide. In this chapter, the authors review recent development of the direct applications of nanomaterial as an adsorbent in adsorption systems for integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, especially a wide range of candidate nanomaterials and its properties. In addition, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes are discussed.
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Sadegh, Hamidreza, and Gomaa A. M. Ali. "Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment." In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 1230–40. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch051.

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High-quality water is one of the most important challenges around the world. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment need to be developed. Therefore, finding sustainable, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment techniques is required. In this regard, due to the extraordinary potential of nanotechnology resulted from nanoscale size characteristics, recently nanomaterials have been the subject of novel research and development worldwide. In this chapter, the authors review recent development of the direct applications of nanomaterial as an adsorbent in adsorption systems for integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, especially a wide range of candidate nanomaterials and its properties. In addition, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes are discussed.
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Harris, E. L. V. "Concentration of the extract." In Protein Purification Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636747.003.0010.

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A concentration step is frequently required after a clarified solution of the protein has been obtained, in order to aid subsequent purification steps. This is particularly important when the protein is obtained in culture medium from cells (e.g. bacteria or tissue culture cells). Concentration of the protein solution results in a decreased volume, as well as a higher protein concentration. Clearly a smaller volume of solution is easier to handle in subsequent steps, such as precipitation or loading onto a chromatography column. Higher protein concentration minimize protein losses by non-specific adsorption to container walls or column matrices. In addition many subsequent purification steps require a minimum protein concentration to be effective, for example, precipitation is more efficient at concentrations above 100 μg/ml, whilst for adsorption chromatography (e.g. ion exchange or affinity) the concentration of protein must be greater than the dissociation constant. Concentration is achieved by removal of water and other small molecules: (a) By addition of a dry matrix polymer with pores that are too small to allow entry of the large protein molecules (Section 2). (b) By removal of the small molecules through a semi-permeable membrane which will not allow the large molecules through (i.e. ultrafiltration, Section 3). (c) By removal of water in vacua (i.e. lyophilization, Section 4). Precipitation can also be used to concentrate proteins if the pellet is redissolved in a smaller volume, and in addition often results in some degree of purification of the protein of interest. However, as mentioned above precipitation is more effective if the total protein concentration is above 100 μg/ml (see Section 6). Two-phase aqueous extraction can also be used to concentrate the protein, with an associated degree of purification (see Section 7). This is one of the simplest and quickest methods of concentrating solutions of proteins, requiring minimal apparatus. A dry matrix polymer, such as Sephadex, is added to the protein solution and allowed to absorb the water and other small molecules; the pores within the matrix are too small to allow the protein to be absorbed.
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Yadav, Virendra Kumar, Nisha Choudhary, Samreen Heena Khan, Parth Malik, Gajendra Kumar Inwati, R. Suriyaprabha, and Raman Kumar Ravi. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano-Biosorbents and Their Applications for Waste Water Treatment." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry, 252–90. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch012.

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Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume, ratio, and high surface energies, so nano-based absorbents are very efficient. Adsorption technique is the most preferred for the remediation of wastewater pollutants. In the current study, a comparative study was done between bio sorbents, nanosorbents and bio nanosorbents. The chapter studies with the synthesis and characterization of the bio sorbents, bionanosorbents, their mechanism of sorption, their synthesis, in addition, application for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The fly ash is an industrial byproduct. Biosorbents have immense applications in the field of bioremediation of heavy metals. Further, their components have also enhanced removal efficiency from the wastewater.
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Zhang, X. N., and A. Z. Zhao. "Surface Charge." In Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097450.003.0005.

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The surface of soil colloids carries electric charges, and these surface charges are the basic cause for soil to possess a series of surface properties. Soil surface charges affect the chemical properties of the soil through varying the quantity of electric charge and the surface charge density. For example, adsorptions of cations and anions are caused by negative and positive surface charges of the soil, respectively. The amount of ions adsorbed is determined by the quantity of surface charge, whereas the tightness of adsorption is related to charge density. In addition, the migration of ions in soil, the formation of organo-mineral complexes,and the dispersion, flocculation, swelling, and shrinkage are all affected by surface charge properties of the soil. Therefore, surface charge properties have an important bearing on soil structure and plant nutrition. Variable charge soils are characterized by the high content of iron and aluminum oxides. The clay mineralogical composition is dominated by 1:1-type minerals, such as kaolinite. These two factors make the surface charge properties of variable charge soils distinctly different from those of constant charge soils of temperate regions which chiefly containin 2:1-type clay minerals. However, unlike the case for pure variable charge minerals, in variable charge soils there is generally the presence of a certain amount of 2:1-type clay minerals. Therefore, as a mixture of variable charge minerals and constant charge minerals, the surface charge properties of variable charge soils is more complicated. In this chapter, the origin and factors affecting surface charges of the soil as well as the relationship between these charges and soil type will be discussed. Despite the complexity in composition, a soil may be regarded as a mixed system consisting of constant charge surface materials and constant potential surface materials in different ratios (Anderson and Sposito, 1992; Gillman and Uehara, 1980). Examples of the former type such as montmorillonite and vermiculite carry permanent negative charges, while those of the latter type such as iron oxide and aluminum oxide carry variable charges. Commonly found constant charge clay minerals in soils include those layer silicates such as hydrous mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, and chlorite.
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Huyen, Pham Thanh. "Clay Minerals Converted to Porous Materials and Their Application." In Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability, 141–64. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1971-3.ch007.

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Clay minerals can be used as raw materials for the production of various industrial products. However, most bentonite and kaolinite deposits contain a significant quantity of non-clay mineral impurities. These impurities often affect the quality of clay minerals for adsorption and catalytic application. Therefore, in order to be used as adsorbents and catalysts, those clay minerals need some beneficiation, activation processing to improve their properties or conversion to a porous materials. In this chapter, an overview of the current state, the properties, the beneficiation, activation as well as the conversion of bentonite, kaolinite… to porous materials such as pillared clays, zeolites and their intended applications were presented. In addition, in this review, the challenges and difficulty in the conversion of bentonite and kaolinite to porous materials were also discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Additive adsorption"

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Kurth, T. L., S. C. Cermak, J. A. Byars, and G. Biresaw. "Adsorption Modeling of Fatty and Oleic Estolide Esters via Boundary Lubrication Coefficient of Friction Measurements." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64073.

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The frictional behaviors of a variety of fatty esters (methyl palmitate (MP), methyl laurate (ML), and 2-ethylhexyl oleate (EHO)) and oleic estolide esters (methyl oleic estolide ester (ME) and 2-ethylhexyl oleic estolide ester (EHE)) as additives in hexadecane have been examined in a boundary lubrication test regime using steel contacts. Critical additive concentrations were defined and used to perform novel and simple Langmuir analyses that provide an order of adsorption energies: EHE ≥ ME > EHO > MP > ML. Application of a general adsorption model indicates slight cooperative adsorption of EHE, ME, and EHO. MP and ML data require larger attractive interaction terms (α ≤ −2.3) to be adequately fit. Irrespective of ester functionality increasingly negative adsorption energies appear to correlate with molecular weight. This suggests that multiple site coverage and multiple adsorptive interactions are likely for each of the esters studied.
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Erhan, Sevim Z., and Brajendra K. Sharma. "Development and Tribochemical Evaluation of Biobased Antiwear Additive." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81444.

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Seed oils are renewable resources, environmentally friendly non toxic fluids, pose no work place health hazards and are readily biodegradable. The amphiphilic character of these oils makes them an excellent candidate as lubricants and as specialty chemicals. Industrial application of seed oils is limited due to poor thermo-oxidative stability, poor low temperature fluidity, and other tribochemical degrading processes that occur under severe conditions of temperature, pressure, shear stress, metal surface and environment. This work describes the development and tribochemical evaluation of seed oil based antiwear additive through chemical modification. The current process retains the seed oil structure, eliminates poly-unsaturation in the molecule, and adds polar functional groups that significantly improve adsorption on metal surfaces. These compounds also contribute to the formation of protective films through chemical reaction during the tribochemical process. Comparative tests with commercial products demonstrate its effectiveness.
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Tumba, Jibril, Augustine Agi, Afeez Gbadamosi, Radzuan Junin, Azza Abbas, Kourosh Rajaei, and Jeffrey Gbonhinbor. "Lignin As a Potential Additive For Minimizing Surfactant Adsorption On Clay Minerals In Different Electrolyte Concentration." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/198713-ms.

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Booth, J. E., K. D. Nelson, T. J. Harvey, R. J. K. Wood, J. G. Martinez, and H. E. G. Powrie. "Mini-Traction-Machine Tests to Assess the Effect of Base Oil and Additive Interactions on Surface Charge and Friction." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44317.

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Electrostatic condition monitoring was implemented on a MTM to examine the influence of additive adsorption from three base oils. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicates significant affects on measured charge and friction levels for both additive and base oil type.
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Nishikawa, Kohei, Hirotoshi Akiyama, Kazuhiro Yagishita, and Hitoshi Washizu. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Adsorption Process of Anti-Corrosion Additives on Copper and Oxidized Copper Surfaces." In ASME-JSME 2018 Joint International Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems and Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps-mipe2018-8538.

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Newly formed metal surface is often unstable and becomes stable when it is terminated with another molecule, but the original color and properties may be diminished when it is covered with oxygen or gasses in atmosphere. Anti-copper-corrosion additives adsorb onto the surface of copper and it is used in order to prevent this phenomena and save copper’s color and properties [1]. There are few molecule findings about anti-copper-corrosion additive, however, and the mechanism of adsorbtion onto the surface of cupper and prevent corrosion. Recently, real-time instrumentation technique using Otto-SPR was proposed, and it is becoming possible to observe how additives adsorb onto the surface in molecular level [2].
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Raghavan, S. Sethu, and Raj M. Manglik. "Visualization of Micro-Scale Bubble Dynamics in Pure Liquids and Aqueous Surfactant Solutions." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56858.

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Growth and departure of a single adiabatic bubble in pure liquids and aqueous surfactant solutions is visualized. High-resolution photographic records are obtained that characterize the micro-scale bubble dynamics (shape, size, and post-departure translation), the mean bubble diameter at different time periods of its growth and departure, and the bubble surface age (the time interval from the newly formed interface to the attainment of departure diameter). This pre- and post-departure dynamics of air bubbles is visualized in water, N, N dimethyl-formamide (DMF), and ethyl alcohol (all pure liquids), and aqueous surfactant solutions of SDS (1250 wppm, 2500 wppm, and 5000 wppm), CTAB (200 wppm), and Triton X-305 (1000 wppm). The evolution of different bubble shapes, sizes, and departure frequencies is presented to highlight the effects of surface-active forces. In the case of surfactant solutions, the dynamic effects of the molecular-scale adsorption-desorption dynamics of the additive at the liquid-air interface that manifests in the dynamic surface tension is also delineated.
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Kim, Hyunho, Sungwoo Yang, Shankar Narayanan, Ian McKay, and Evelyn N. Wang. "Experimental Characterization of Adsorption and Transport Properties for Advanced Thermo-Adsorptive Batteries." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65490.

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Thermal energy storage has received significant interest for delivering both heating and cooling in electric vehicles, to minimize the use of the on-board electric batteries for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC). An advanced thermo-adsorptive battery (ATB) is currently being developed, to provide both heating and cooling for an electric vehicle. We present a detailed thermophysical and physicochemical characterization of adsorptive materials for the development of the ATB. We discuss the feasibility of using contemporary adsorptive materials, such as zeolite 13X, by carrying out a detailed experimental characterization. In this study, zeolite 13X is combined with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as a binder to improve the thermal conductivity. We also investigate the effect of densification on the overall transport characteristics of the adsorbent-binder composite material. Accordingly, the effective thermal conductivity, surface area, adsorption capacity and surface chemistry were characterized using the laser flash technique, surface sorption analyzer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and x-ray scattering technique. Thermal conductivity predictions of both zeolite 13X and its combination with the binder were made with existing conductivity models. Thermal conductivity in excess of 0.4 W/mK was achieved with the addition of 6.4 wt.% of Al(OH)3. However, a 10.6 % decrease in adsorption capacity was also observed. The experimental characterization presented herein is an essential step towards the development of the proposed ATB for next-generation electric vehicles.
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Koparal, Gulcan Bahar, Himanshu Sharma, Pathma J. Liyanage, Krishna K. Panthi, and Kishore Mohanty. "Adsorption of Anionic Surfactants in Sandstones: Impact of Sacrificial Agents." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200883-ms.

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Abstract High surfactant adsorption remains a bottleneck for a field-wide implementation of surfactant floods. Although alkali addition lowers surfactant adsorption, alkali also introduces many complexities. In our systematic study, we investigated a simple and cost effective method to lower surfactant adsorption in sandstones without adding unnecessary complexities. Static and dynamic surfactant adsorption studies were conducted to understand the role of sacrificial agent sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) on adsorption of anionic surfactants n outcrop and resevoir sandstone corefloods. The dynamic retention studies were conducted with and without the presence of crude oil. Surfactant phase behavior studies were first conducted to identify surfactant blends that showed ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) with two crude oils at reservoir temperature (40°C). Base case dynamic retention data, in the absence of crude oil, was obtained for these surfactant formulations at their respective optimum salinities. NaPA was then added to these surfactant formulations and similar adsorption tests were conducted. Finally, oil recovery SP corefloods were conducted for each surfactant formulations, with and without adding NaPA, and oil recovery data including the surfactant retention was compared. Static adsorption of these surfactant formulations at their respective optimum salinities on crushed sandstone varied from 0.42-0.74 mg/g-rock. Their respective adsorptions lowered to 0.37-0.49 mg/g-rock on adding a small amount of NaPA. Surfactant retention in single-phase dynamic SP corefloods in the absence of crude oil in outcrop Berea cores was between 0.17 to 0.23 mg/g-rock. On adding a small amount of NaPA, the surfactant adsorption values lowered to 0.1 mg/g-rock. Oil recovery SP corefloods showed high oil recovery (~91% ROIP) and low surfactant retention (~0.1 mg/g-rock) on adding NaPA to the surfactant formulations.
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Huang, Yaji, Baosheng Jin, Zhaoping Zhong, Rui Xiao, and Hongcang Zhou. "Effects of Solid Additives on the Control of Trace Elements During Coal Gasification." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78030.

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Based on the Modified Geo-chemical Enrichment Factor (MGEF), the contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Pb, V, Se, Sr, Zn in coal and coal char were analyzed by using Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS) and Inductively Couple Plasma-atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Limestone, dolomite and sodium carbonate were studied to control trace elements during coal gasification. Different additives show different performances in the control of trace elements. The adsorbing capacity of coal char to all of trace elements enhances when coal is mixed with limestone and dolomite. Chemical adsorption and physical adsorption of lime, which is decomposition product of limestone under high gasification temperature, are both important for As, Co, Cr, Se and Zn. The effects of limestone on Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Sr are merely caused by physical adsorption of CaO and the adsorbing capacity to Cd, Cu, V is much stronger than those to Hg, Pb, Sr. Dolomite has stronger adsorbing capacity to most of elements (except Cu, Se, Sr) than limestone. Addition of Na2CO3 decreases the MGEFs of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Se while increases the MGEFs of Zn in coal char. Na2CO3 has little effect on the MGEFs of Co, Cu, Hg, V and Sr in coal char.
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Kristianto, Y., and R. Saleh. "Good adsorption capability of Fe3O4/ZrO2 with addition of carbon-based materials." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064036.

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Reports on the topic "Additive adsorption"

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Patton, J., and S. Holbrook. Adsorption properties of carbon dioxide enchanced oil recovery additives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7014605.

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Kennedy, Alan, Mark Ballentine, Andrew McQueen, Christopher Griggs, Arit Das, and Michael Bortner. Environmental applications of 3D printing polymer composites for dredging operations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39341.

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This Dredging Operations Environmental Research (DOER) technical note disseminates novel methods to monitor and reduce contaminant mobility and bioavailability in water, sediments, and soils. These method advancements are enabled by additive manufacturing (i.e., three-dimensional [3D] printing) to deploy and retrieve materials that adsorb contaminants that are traditionally applied as unbound powders. Examples of sorbents added as amendments for remediation of contaminated sediments include activated carbon, biochar, biopolymers, zeolite, and sand caps. Figure 1 provides examples of sorbent and photocatalytic particles successfully compounded and 3D printed using polylactic acid as a binder. Additional adsorptive materials may be applicable and photocatalytic materials (Friedmann et al. 2019) may be applied to degrade contaminants of concern into less hazardous forms. This technical note further describes opportunities for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) project managers and the water and sediment resource management community to apply 3D printing of polymers containing adsorptive filler materials as a prototyping tool and as an on-site, on-demand manufacturing capability to remediate and monitor contaminants in the environment. This research was funded by DOER project 19-13, titled “3D Printed Design for Remediation and Monitoring of Dredged Material.”
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