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Junne, S., S. Rohn, and P. Neubauer. "Docosahexaenoic acid production from various feedstock for the application as fish feed additive." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 92, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.202055290.
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Yartseva, Natalya, Natalia Dolganova, Igor Aleksanian, and Albert Nugmanov. "Prebiotic «Lactulose Premium» as a Promising Functional Additive in Minced Fish." Food Industry 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-3-3.
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The diet balancing includes various approaches, including a way to expand the culinary products range from minced fish raw materials. To a certain extent, the indispensability and specific value of fish and other aquatic organisms, especially in children’s diets, lies in their therapeutic, prophylactic and dietary orientation, which is caused, first of all, by the balance of their chemical composition (complete protein complexes). Today, fish farms of our country grow carp, crucian, grass carp, white and spotted silver carp, garfish, pike perch, European, African and canal catfish and other types of freshwater fish. Many farms obtain modern workshops for the manufacture of semi-finished fish products: fish fillet, minced meat and other products after shock freezing in vacuum packaging. Considering the protein complexes lack in food and excessive consumption of animal lipids, scientists design recipes of frozen fish-growing composition with functional properties based on fish and vegetable raw materials. This product (for example, in the form of minced meat) becomes in demand at present due to the nutritional value, taste, physiological influence and low cost. All of the above leads to the advisability of obtaining minced fish with the addition of functional powder ingredients, for example, the “Lactulose Premium” prebiotic powder mixture, which includes a valuable component that is not present in fish raw materials, which makes fish products a functional ground minced meat product while maintaining consumer properties of this type of product. Thus, the technologies development for the production of functional minced fish semi-finished product with prebiotic properties and fish culinary dishes based on them is a relevant and promising direction of the food industry development.
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Lestari, Liana Indah, Agustina Widyasworo, and Nita opi Ari kustanti. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DAN MINYAK IKAN LEMURU SEBAGAI ADITIF PAKAN TERHADAP PERFORMA TELUR DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PUYUH." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 12, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/aves.v12i2.1505.
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This research aimed is to determine the effect of Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil as feed additive on eggs performance and production of quail. The 98 quails and 10 weeks divided into 4 groups with unequal replication using the completely randomized design. The treatment which are P0 (based ration), P1 (based ration + 0,2% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P2 (based ration + 0,4% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P3 (based ration + 0,6% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil). The parameters observed were length storage time of egg, egg cholesterol rate, feed consumption, egg weight, hen day production, egg mass, feed conversion and mortality. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s analysis. The results showed that Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil were increase egg cholesterol (P<0.05) and not significantly (P>0.05) on length storage time of egg and production of quail.
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Lestari, Liana Indah, Anang Widigdyo, and Nita Opi Arikustanti. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DAN MINYAK IKAN LEMURU SEBAGAI ADITIF PAKAN TERHADAP DAYA SIMPAN TELUR DAN KOLESTEROL TELUR PUYUH." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/aves.v11i2.277.
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This research aimed is to determine the effect of Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil as feed additive on eggs performance and production of quail. The 98 quails and 10 weeks divided into 4 groups with unequal replication using the completely randomized design. The treatment which are P0 (based ration), P1 (based ration + 0,2% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P2 (based ration + 0,4% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P3 (based ration + 0,6% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil). The parameters observed were length storage time of egg, egg cholesterol rate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan ’s analysis. The results showed that Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil were increase egg cholesterol (P<0.05) and not significantly (P>0.05) on length storage time of egg and production of quail. Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L., egg cholesterol, Sardinella fish oil.
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Lestari, Liana Indah, Anang Widigdyo, and Nita Opi Arikustanti. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DAN MINYAK IKAN LEMURU SEBAGAI ADITIF PAKAN TERHADAP DAYA SIMPAN TELUR DAN KOLESTEROL TELUR PUYUH." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/aves.v11i2.277.
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This research aimed is to determine the effect of Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil as feed additive on eggs performance and production of quail. The 98 quails and 10 weeks divided into 4 groups with unequal replication using the completely randomized design. The treatment which are P0 (based ration), P1 (based ration + 0,2% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P2 (based ration + 0,4% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil), P3 (based ration + 0,6% secang extract + 4% sardinella fish oil). The parameters observed were length storage time of egg, egg cholesterol rate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s analysis. The results showed that Secang extract addition and sardinella fish oil were increase egg cholesterol (P<0.05) and not significantly (P>0.05) on length storage time of egg and production of quail. Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L., egg cholesterol, Sardinella fish oil.
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Prihanto, Asep A., Rahmi Nurdiani, and Annas D. Bagus. "Production and characteristics of fish protein hydrolysate from parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) head." PeerJ 7 (December 20, 2019): e8297. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8297.
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Background Fish byproducts are commonly recognized as low-value resources. In order to increase the value, fish byproducts need to be converted into new products with high functionality such as fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). In this study, FPH manufactured from parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) heads using different pH, time and sample ratio was investigated. Methods Hydrolysis reactions were conducted under different pHs (5, 7, and 9) and over different durations (12 and 24 h). Control treatment (without pH adjustment (pH 6.4)) and 0 h hydrolsisis duration were applied. Hydrolysates were characterized with respect to proximate composition, amino acid profile, and molecular weight distribution. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate was also observed. Results The pH and duration of hydrolysis significantly affected (p < 0.05) the characteristics of FPH. The highest yield of hydrolysate (49.04 ± 0.90%), with a degree of hydrolysis of 30.65 ± 1.82%, was obtained at pH 9 after 24 h incubation. In addition, the FPH had high antioxidant activity (58.20 ± 0.55%), with a high level of essential amino acids. Results suggested that FPH produced using endogenous enzymes represents a promising additive for food and industrial applications.
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Eveleva, V. V., and T. M. Cherpalova. "INNOVATIVE DECISIONS TO IMPROVE FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY." Food systems 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2019-2-4-14-17.
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The scope of the project consisted in research-based development of new complex food additives from lactic acid and its derivatives for enhancing microbiological safety and shelf life extension of healthy food products. The object of research included: trial samples of complex food additives from lactic acids and its derivatives. The samples were obtained chemically using the following basic components: food grade lactic acid with 79.6% base substance mass fraction; acetic acid with 99.8% base substance mass fraction; propionic acid with 99.6% base substance mass fraction; neutralizing agents for synthesis of salts of the acids used, and propylene glycol with 99.8% base substance mass fraction. The optimal balance of the ingredients in the formula of the additive delivers the optimal level of true acidity combined with antimicrobial and antioxidant effect, and enhances organoleptical performance and process parameters of food products. This complex food additive containing lactate and acetate features high counter-regulatory effect on testing cultures of pathogenic organisms of rope spoilage of wheat bread and can be used for production of non-perishable products. The use of complex food additive in the production of dressed fish preserves activates biochemical processes related to fish maturation and delivers improved product quality and extended shelf life.
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Ianiceli, Juliana Alexandre, Aline Maria Dourado Rodrigues, João Farias Sousa Junior, Rafael Gomes Abreu Bacelar, and Maria Christina Sanches Muratori. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain associated to a fish culture additive: antifungal activity and AFB1 adsorption potential." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2021.15.1.9585.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely applied as a probiotic in aquaculture activities, due to its ability to decontaminate the mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). From this point, the present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activities of inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed with a commercial product (CP) of animal feed to assess its influence on the Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus fungi growth on the AFB1 production. Besides, AFB1 adsorption potential of S. cerevisiae and the commercial product was also investigated. Different concentrations of the commercial product alone and in the presence of inactivated yeast were analyzed by Aspergillus growth inhibition test, aflatoxin production by Aspergillus species, and AFB1 adsorption capacity. AFB1 detection and quantification were carried out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The inactivated yeast and commercial product combination were effective in reducing A. flavus and A. parasiticus growth. A. flavusproduced less AFB1 after the inactivated yeast treatment, whereas A. parasiticus produced significantly less AFB1under a combination of inactivated yeast and 50% CP. Regarding AFB1 adsorption, 100% CP displayed the highest adsorption capacity at 10 ng mL-1 AFB1. At 25 ng mL-1 AFB1, only the treatment comprising inactivated yeast associated with 50% CP led to AFB1 adsorption, albeit at low levels. It was concluded that the association between the commercial additive and inactivated S. cerevisiae was effective in reducing the growth of fungi and there was AFB1 adsorption activity.
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Dluha, Nurul, Sri Widyarti, and Widodo W. "Alternative Media Based on Papaya and Fish Extract for Glutathione Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 62, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.62.3.2019.178.182.
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Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that functions to protect cells from oxidative stress. It is used for medical purposes, as an additive in foods and cosmetics industry. The magnitude of these applications results in increased demand for glutathione every year, however, the cost of glutathione is high. The production of glutathione using an alternative source for the medium and the amino acids used in the media might be the solution for managing the high cost of glutathione production in yeast. This study uses an alternative media based on papaya and fish extract to reduce production costs. The fish extract contains glutamate, cysteine and glycine that can be utilised as a source of amino acid. This study suggested that media based on papaya extract could be employed to produce glutathione in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, administration of 5 mg/mL of fish extract could increase the glutathione production up to 36.36% as compared to a control. The optimum production of glutathione was obtained in a harvest time of 44 h culture. Therefore, further investigation by modifying the medium is warranted to produce glutathione in a cost friendly manner in the S. cerevisiae.
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Ageyets, V. Yu, Z. V. Lovkis, Z. V. Koshak, and A. E. Koshak. "Raw materials and feed production technology for valuable fish species in the Republic of Belarus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-79-89.
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The paper raises problems of production of domestic compound feed for valuable fish species. The following representatives of valuable fish species are reared in the Republic of Belarus: rainbow trout, sterlet sturgeon, sturgeon, European and African catfish. All these types need high-quality and inexpensive compound feeds. Production of such feed is developing in our country. All the feeds for valuable fish species are extruded in the modern world. A range of raw materials has been studied that can be used as part of compound feeds for valuable fish species, such as Belarusian made fish meal, dry hemoglobin, soy concentrate, and whey fat concentrate. It has been determined that Belarusian fishmeal is of high quality and not inferior in balance to the amino acid composition of imported fishmeal made in Mauritania, and in terms of leucine and isoleucine level, over 2 times exceeds the imported one. Amino acid composition of dry hemoglobin was studied. It was determined that this feed additive can be used only for balancing feed for crude protein level and practically does not contain such an important essential amino acid as methionine. Valuable fish species are predators, for this reason compound feed contain high amount of protein (up to 50 %) and fat (up to 30 %) depending on the type and age of the fish. Therefore, soy protein concentrate can be used in terms of protein content and absence of anti-nutritional substances in compound feed, and whey-fat concentrate can be used for balancing the formulation for fat content. At the same time, the need for development of such deep processing industry in our republic is noted.
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Obradovic, Sasa, Marija Vukasinovic, Milanko Sekler, Miodrag Rajkovic, and Nada Kosanovic. "Adding zeolite 'minazel-plus' in feeding Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and its influence on morphometrical characteristics." Veterinarski glasnik 60, no. 5-6 (2006): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0606345o.
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The influence of natural zeolite was analyzed, as a food additive applied in a concentration of 0,8% on morphometrical characteristics and basic production index of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) breeding. By analyzing the obtained results it is found that the presence of zeolite in the trout food has a positive effect with a statistical significance (p<0,05 ) on all analyzed morphometrical indexes of the fish growth rate, on their final body weight, total body length, body length and height, as well as their growth. Including zeolite in the trout mixture had a stimulative effect on the accomplished results of the basic production index of the condition factor (CF), the coefficient of total growth (CTG) and production index (PI) in comparison with the Co-group of fish that are fed without adding zeolite to food.
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Kosenko, Yu M., L. E. Zaruma, O. S. Vezdenko, and O. S. Shkilnyk. "PET FOOD ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.07.
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Domestic and foreign production pet food has been subject to state authorization in Ukraine for 20 years. Each prescription of the finished product provided authorization, so the process of their manufacturing and turnover met the requirements of national legislation, which ensured their rational use. The new Law of Ukraine “On Feed Safety and Hygiene” adopted in 2017 brought Ukrainian legislation closer to the norms in force in the EU Member States. However, this Law introduced a new system of authorization of feed additives, but not the finished feed. Requirements for feed production are supervised by a number of regulations, which include the requirements of the European Federation of Food Manufacturers (FEDIAF) for animals and the ISO 22 000 standard, which ensures hygiene, quality, and safety of use.
The manuscript illustrates the analysis of the authorized pet food in Ukraine during 2015- 2019, which is necessary for the further development of the domestic market of these products.
The prime purpose of this study was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of feed for non- productive animals with the determination of their percentages in the list of the authorized, which differ in types, production forms, animal species for which they are intended. Regulatory stipulations for pet food include mandatory requirements for determining their species, categories, and quantities of feed additives, feed materials, and labeling.
The presented characteristics of available pet food on the Ukrainian market during 2015-2019 showed that the broad majority of feeds, 91%, were imported. The compound pet food dominated the study list, and dietary pet food accounted for only 6% of the total range. Pet food is dry and wet or semi-moist. The results of the study revealed the share of dry and wet feeds, and the specifics of their production forms identified. The most common in the list of analyzed pet food was dry, intended for all types of non-productive animals. Wet pet food occupies a slightly smaller share, mainly used for dogs and cats. Dry pet food in the form of pellets and wet pet food in the form of meat or fish pieces were the main groups of food for dogs and cats.
This study showed that imported pet food products for non-productive animals dominated in the Ukrainian market, but a tendency to introduce domestic pet food by increasing production by leading national companies present.
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Arief, Muhammad, Diatra Faradiba, and Muhammad Anam Al-Arief. "Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Plus Herbal pada Pakan Komersil terhadap Retensi Protein dan Retensi Lemak Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) [The Effect of Addition Probiotic Plus Herbal on Commercial Feed to Protein Retention and Fat Retention Red Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 7, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v7i2.11208.
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Abstract Red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the mainstays of the freshwater fishery which is growing rapidly in Indonesia. The production of red tilapia fish fishery experiences a significant increase from year after year which amounting from 567.078 tons in 2011 to become 695.063 tons in 2012 and 909.016 tons in 2013 ( Directorate General of Aquaculture – Ministry of Marine and Fishery, 2014). The development of red tilapia fish farming were not experiences many issues, but there is one problem that needs to be concern which is about feed problem, the feed that used in aquaculture activities is determine the production costs up to 60-70% of the total production cost incurred (Jusadi et al., 2004). Fish farming business are strongly influenced by the availability of sufficient fodder in numbers and quality to support the growth and life sustainability of fish cultivation. Feed plays an important part for the growth of the fish (Wahyudi, 2010). The feed can increase the quality of fish weight with addition of a feed additive. One of the alternatives that can be take is by adding probiotic (Anggraeni, 2012) and herbal ingredients in feed (Ariyanto et al., 2013). Research results show that the addition of probiotics plus herbs affect the digestibility of protein retention and fat retention red tilapia. Based on the research that has been done, the addition of probiotics plus herbs with a dose of 2 ml / kg of feed can be used as artificial feed supplement and as an alternative to reduce the production cost of cultivation of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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Prokešová, Markéta, Milena Bušová, Mahyar Zare, Hung Quang Tran, Eliška Kučerová, Anna Pavlovna Ivanova, Tatyana Gebauer, and Vlastimil Stejskal. "Effect of Humic Substances as Feed Additive on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Health Condition of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082266.
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In the present study, a possible nature immunostimulant and growth promoter—humic substances (HS) originating from Siberian leonardite mineraloid—were tested on juvenile Clarias gariepinus performance. Feed additive was applied onto commercial pelleted feed at four HS levels—0, 1, 3, and 6% w/w (HS0, HS1, HS3, HS6, respectively). Diets were tested in five repetitions (in total, n = 1800 individuals, mean body weight 28.1 ± 6.2 g) for 56 days. Growth and production parameters, fish condition and somatic indices, and overall mortality were evaluated after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of exposure. Whereas, plasma samples were collected only after 0, 28, and 56 days, when fish health status was assessed with biochemical parameters (total proteins, TP; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; cholesterol, CHOL; triglycerides, TAG) and fish antioxidant status with glutathione (reduced glutathione, GSH; oxidized glutathione, GSSG; glutathione ratio GSH/GSSG). Although a significantly positive effect of HS feed additive on growth performance was not found in the present study, moderately positive effects were found regarding biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, LDH, CHOL, and TAG) and antioxidants (GSH/GSSG ratio) that were improved especially in the HS3 group.
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Demchenko, Vera, Irina Asfondiarova, Nina Katkova, Marina Ivanova, and Elena Belokurova. "The possibility of using lactic additives and sonochemical technology in the production of preserves." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016406012.
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The priority in improving the existing methods of processing fish is salting with the use of food additives with different functional orientations. The aim of the study was the development of preserves with the introduction of lactate-containing additives and using sonochemical technologies; examination of the quality of the products obtained according to organoleptic and microbiological safety indicators. The article proposes a resource-saving technology for the production of fish products with prolonged shelf life due to the use of a complex food additive consisting of lactic, acetic, propionic acids and their salts in different proportions with subsequent ultrasonic treatment using the ultrasonic generator of the Wave series model UZTA-0 2/22-OM. There was established the optimal mode of using the ultrasonic processing power of 75 W / m2 in the manufacture of fish preserves from herring. Organoleptic and microbiological quality indicators were studied during storage of preserved products with the addition of additives and ultrasonic treatment compared to the control. Organoleptic assessment was carried out on a five-point scale, microbiological indicators were studied by standard methods. The Dilactin Forte Plus dietary supplement in the composition of preserves in the amount of 3% and in combination with the use of sonochemical technologies makes it possible to obtain a safe high-quality fish product. Manufactured preserves at a storage temperature of 0 ± 2 ° C can maintain their high quality for 5 months.
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Obradovic, S., B. Zivkovic, V. Djekic, M. Sekler, M. Zivkov-Balos, and M. Markovic. "Impact of mannanoligo saccharides on performance traits of rainbow trout." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 2 (2013): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1302353o.
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The effect of mannanoligo saccharides (MOS) as a food additive, applied at a concentration of 0.2% (O-I group of fish) and 0.3% (O-II group of fish) on morphometric characteristics and primary production of the Californian trout was investigated. The experiment was conducted on 450 fish divided into three groups with 150 individuals in each group, and lasted 40 days. The analysis of obtained results established the beneficial effect of the applied additives on morphometric parameters of the growth rate of fish, their final mass and final linear dimensions, and their growth, but no statistically significant differences (p> 0,05) were established. The highest body weight and body length of studied groups was achieved by trout of O-II group (118.49 g, 19.59 cm), followed by trout of O-I group (118.04 g, 19.58 cm) and the lowest K-group fish (115.94 g, 19.56 cm). Adding MOS in the feed mixture for trout had a beneficial effect (p> 0.05) in the exercise of lower feed conversion (FC) and better values of main production indicators: condition factor (FC), protein efficiency ratio (PER), the specific rate growth rate (SGR) and production index (PI) compared to the K group of fish that were fed diets without added mannanoligo saccharides. The best results were achieved by O- II fish group, and expressed in relative terms in comparison to the K group of fish: better feed conversion by 5.61%, a better utilization of protein feed value by 5.94%, a higher value of condition factor by 1.73 %, the specific growth rate by 2.26% and a better value of production index by 8.27%.
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Berg, P., B. O. Eggum, S. H. Møller, L. E. Holm, P. E. V. Jørgensen, N. J. Olesen, K. Buchmann, et al. "A multi-disciplinary Danish research programme on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 10 (May 1, 1995): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0385.
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A new research programme involving eight Danish institutions is described. The programme started in 1993 and is expected to run for 5 years. The primary objective of the research initiative is to exploit and integrate the knowledge of several institutions and disciplines for the benefit of the production of rainbow trout. The programme includes several projects with aspects of disease prevention, genetics, and nutrition. In most of the projects, the work has been divided into stages of 2 and 3 years, respectively. During a 2 year period, production, management, and health status are recorded at the participating fish farms, and all data are organized in a database. Diseases cause major problems in rainbow trout production, therefore a great deal of the effort in this programme deals with diseases caused by vira, bacteria and parasites. On the basis of the database, epidemiological examinations are carried out as well as investigations of the possibilities of preventive measures and cost-benefit analyses. In the genetic studies, polymorphic genetic markers will be developed and used for analysis of the genetic structure of selected fish stocks. Microsatellites will be developed and introduced in the study. Primarily genetic differences between lines/strains and their crossings will be estimated with the purpose of describing the genetic level and the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects. In the nutritional area the product quality and pollution questions will be in focus.
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Fatmawati, Akbarningrum, Tuani Lidiawati, Stephen Hadinata, and Mikhael Adiarto. "Solid-State Fermentation of Banana Peels Potential Study for Feed Additive." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501027.
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Agricultural solid wastes present abundantly on earth as crops harvesting as well as processing are countinuesly run. Banana peels are one of agricultural solid wastes produced anywhere the banana processing presents. The peels present abundantly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. The carbohydrate content of banana peels make it useful for the production of many chemicals, including feed. Meanwhile the large need in feed in farming including fish farming could prevent farmer to obtain substantial profit. This research studied the possibility of banana peel as one of abundant Indonesian agricultural solid waste to be utilized as fish feed which is known requiring certain level of protein content. This was done by fermenting the peels in fixed bed reaction mode using surface aeration and non-aeration. The fermentation was conducted using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1536 and Rhizopus Oryzae FNCC 6157. The reaction time was varied for 1, 3, and 5 days. The important parameters studied were protein contents, and amylase activity of the fermented banana peels. Despite aeration indicated more operational cost, it showed significant impact on the fermentation of banana peels. The best condition for fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1536 were 5 day fermentation with surface aeration which result in the increase of protein content up to 4.05%, the decrease of fiber content up to 1.08%, and amylase activity of 9.99 DP. Whilst the fermentation using Rhizopus Oryzae FNCC 6157 obtained its best result at 1 day fermentation with aeration, which are protein content increase up to 4.04% and fiber content decrease up to 0.69%. However, the fermentation using this mold showed its best amylase activity result of 12.75 DP at 5 day surface aerated fermentation.
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Kurbanov, A., S. Kim, N. Titova, Sh Karabaeva, and E. Rahimjanova. "Use of swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (Linne, 1758)) as a feed additive for african catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822))." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 1(55) (March 31, 2021): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2021.01.112.
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Purpose. Uzbekistan aquaculture has a huge deficit of balanced feed. In a case of feed production from local ingredients, the problem is the lack of stable source of animal protein. The purpose of this experiment was to find out how swan mussel Anodonta used as a feed additive for African catfish will affect fish growth. Methodology. Minced Anodonta was prepared as follow: mussels were collected from the bottom of ponds after fish harvesting; the collected mussels were kept in the separate aquarium; every day several mussels were taken out, their shells were opened and muscle parts were separated the (mostly mussel leg); then the separated muscle were kept for disinfection in KMnO4 solution of low concentration during 20 min and then crushed to a minced state. Feed was given to African catfish according to a special scheme at the rate of 7% of the fish weight. The control group did not receive the minced mussels and fish were fed with carp feeds.The mixed feed in the experimental group #1 consisted of 50% carp feed and 50% minced mussel. In the experimental group #2, African catfish were fed with minced mussels only. Findings. The experiment showed the clear advantage of feed containing 50% of minced clams and 50% of carp feed. The African catfish fed with this feed significantly overtook fish from the control group in weight because this feed turned out to be either the most balanced in composition or better absorbed by catfish. In the control group, the 100% mixed feed gave an increase of 83.8% in weight and 20.5% in length; in the experimental group #1, the feed (50% mixed feed : 50% minced mussel) gave an increase of 136% in weight and 31.1% in length; at the experiment #2 (100% minced mussel), the feed gave an increase of 95.5% and 20.1% in length. Originality. For the first time the swan mussel was used as a source of animal protein for African catfish.This experiment was conducted for the first time, and it was also found for the first time that the addition of minced swan mussel to the feed of African catfish contributed to a significant weight gain compared to the conventional feed:52.5% more compared to conventional feed and 40.5% more compared to pure minced swan mussel. Practical value. Aquaculturenow is in search of source of animal proteinin connection with growing global deficit of a high quality fishmeal for fish feed production. Use of bivalve mollusks Anodonta, which are also a pest in pond farms, is promising feed for obtaining physiologically determined weight gains. Key words: aquaculture, Africaт catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)), feed, animal protein, plant protein, water quality, swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (Linne, 1758)), weight gain.
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Belorusskaya, E. M., A. F. Kuznetsov, A. J. Nechaev, and I. V. Ivanova. "VETERINARY HYGIENIC EXAMI-NATION OF THE QUALITY OF CHICKENS EGGS WHEN USING THE FOOD ADDITIVE “PRINAROVSKAYA”." International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine 3 (2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-2419.2020.3.46.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the studies was to conduct a veterinary-hygienic assessment of changes in the eggs productivity of laying hens, after the use of the “Prinarovskaya supplement of fish (DKR)” in their main diet, which is a homogeneous dry mass made from chilled river fish, by-products of fish processings, as well as grain products (wheat bran). The method of production of the additive in-cludes the following steps: grinding, cavita-tion heating and subsequent drying of the resulting mixture. The studied supplement contains a number of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, etc. The object of the study were laying hens of the LomannLsn-Classic breed at the age of 131 days. “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced into the diet of ex-perimental laying hens: of the 1st experi-mental group 8 g of “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced per 100 g of the main ration (RR); The 2nd experimental group - 6 g. DKR to main ration; 3rd experimental group - 4 g. DKR to main ration; the control group was fed only main ration - feed PK1-1G_1227 (GOST: R 51851-2001). A veteri-nary-hygienic assessment of the quality of eggs, obtained from laying hens, when feed-ing a new feed additive “Prinarovskaya” was carried out. We kept daily records of laid eggs by groups, the period of the beginning of oviposition. The egg production were calculated of the initial and middle laying hens , the egg production intensity for 120 days. To assess egg productivity, the weight of laid eggs, the egg mass for a certain peri-od of egg laying, and the feed costs per 10 laid eggs were determined. Organoleptic, physical, and chemical methods were used to evaluate egg quality. Egg mass is an important indicator of egg nutrition. GOST 31654-2012 "Food eggs. Technical conditions ”, as well as the requirements for chicken hatching eggs, the minimum weight of food and hatching eggs (45 g) is indicated, below which the imple-mentation and incubation of eggs is not rec-ommended [1]. In studies, the following indicators were taken into account: large and small diameter of eggs, egg density, egg shape index of laying hens of different groups. To assess the state of the internal contents of the egg after opening, the follow-ing indicators were taken into account: pro-tein mass, yolk mass, shell mass, egg vol-ume. An external examination of the eggs as-sessed the condition of the shell, the pres-ence of cracks, growths and depressions. The study indicates a positive effect of the feed additive "Prinarovskaya" on the egg produc-tivity of birds in all periods of egg laying
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Ceccotti, Chiara, Basim S. A. Al-Sulaivany, Omar A. M. Al-Habbib, Marco Saroglia, Simona Rimoldi, and Genciana Terova. "Protective Effect of Dietary Taurine from ROS Production in European Seabass under Conditions of Forced Swimming." Animals 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090607.
Full textAbstract:
Taurine (Tau) is an amino sulfonic acid, which is widely distributed in animal tissues, whereas it is almost lacking in plants with the exception of certain algae, seaweeds, and few others. In the aquafeed industry, Tau is mainly used as a feed additive to promote growth in marine fish species with limited cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activity. In particular, Tau supplementation is required in feeds in which fishmeal (FM) is substituted with high percentages of plant-derived protein sources such as soybean meals (SBM) that have much lower levels of Tau than FM. In addition to being a growth promoter, Tau exert powerful antioxidant properties being a scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under sustained swimming conditions, an intracellular increase in ROS production can occur in fish red muscle where the abundance of mitochondria (the main site of ROS formation) is high. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Tau on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) growth and oxidative stress response induced by swimming exercise. Individually tagged fish of 92.57 ± 20.33 g mean initial weight were fed two experimental diets containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM. One diet was supplemented with 1.5% of Tau. Tau supplemented in the diet had a positive effect on fish growth, and enhanced swimming performance and antioxidant status. Two swim endurance tests were performed during the feeding trial. Metabolic oxygen consumption (MO2) was measured during exercise at incremental swimming speeds (0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8, 3.5, and then 4.2 BL (body length) s−1, until fatigue). Fish maximal sustainable swimming speed (Ucrit) was determined too. To investigate the antioxidant effect of dietary Tau, we also measured ROS production in fish blood by RBA (respiratory burst activity) assay and quantified the expression of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) , such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) in red muscle and liver. There was a significant effect of Tau upon Ucrit during exercise. Additionally, ROS production was significantly lower in fish fed with Tau supplemented diet, supporting the role of Tau as ROS scavenger. The protective effect of Tau against oxidative stress induced by forced swimming was denoted also by a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes gene expression in fish liver and muscle. Taken together these results demonstrate that Tau is beneficial in low FM-based diets for seabass.
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Aitkaliyeva, Aigerim, Shokhan Alpeisov, and Asem Ibazhanova. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL STATE OF TROUT SEEDING AND COMMODITY SPECIES WHEN USING FORAGE WITH PROBIOTIC ADDITIVES." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2020-1-131-137.
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The article highlights the experience of using the preparation Biocons and its effects on the physiological status of fish, its liver, gills and muscles. The results of the comparative analysis of muscle tissue showed that muscle reactions in both control fish and experimental fish have a whole spectrum of similar destructions. The use of domestic production feed with and without probiotic Biocons does not have a toxic effect on the liver structure. Therefore, the feed is safe for rearing fish. The purpose of the work is to justify experimentally the effectiveness of using the probiotic preparation Biocons as an additive in feed. The research tasks were set: experimental rearing of rainbow trout fry using various feeds, as well as feed with Biocons; conducting a comparative analysis of the results of rearing trout juveniles on various feeds, as well as feeds with Biocons as applied to farming and biological parameters; identifying the effect of various feeds on the physiological state of rainbow trout juveniles, their liver, muscles and gills. According to the research results based on the comparative analysis of the impact of three types of experimental starting and production artificial feed (feed without probiotic; feed with Biocons probiotic made in Kazakhstan and imported feed by AllerAqua, Dane) on the fish-breeding and biological indicators of trout juveniles and fingerlings it has been found that good results were obtained when using all of the above mentioned feeds.
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Mahboub, HH, and YH Tartor. "Carvacrol essential oil stimulates growth performance, immune response, and tolerance of Nile tilapia to Cryptococcus uniguttulatus infection." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 141 (September 17, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03506.
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This study investigated the antifungal activity of 5 essential oils (EOs) towards yeasts recovered from diseased fishes; and focused on the efficacy of one EO (carvacrol) on growth performance, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus against Cryptococcus uniguttulatus challenge. Thymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, and cinnamon were first tested in vitro against 20 clinical yeast strains in comparison with antifungal drugs (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, nystatin, and clotrimazole) using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. For the in vivo challenge, fish (n = 150) were divided into 5 groups (carvacrol prophylaxis, carvacrol treatment, itraconazole treatment, unchallenged control, and positive control; 30 fish group-1) with 3 replicates. Phagocytic activity, reactive oxygen species production, reactive nitrogen species production, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme activity, and total immunoglobulins were tested before and after challenge. Relative percent survival (RPS) and mortality percent were determined as indicators for functional immunity. EOs displayed divergent degrees of antifungal activity, and carvacrol was the most effective against the tested yeasts. The dietary additive of carvacrol significantly enhanced growth performance, all immunological parameters, and the RPS values (90%) compared to other treatments. This unique experimental model indicates that carvacrol seems promising not only for enhancing immunity and promoting fish growth, but also for controlling emerging fungal infections. Future studies should investigate different concentrations of carvacrol as well as its antifungal activity in different fish species.
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Buchheister, Andre, and Robert J. Latour. "Dynamic trophic linkages in a large estuarine system — support for supply-driven dietary changes using delta generalized additive mixed models." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 1 (January 2016): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0441.
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Trophic dynamics within aquatic systems are a predominant regulator of fish production and an important consideration for implementing ecosystem approaches to fisheries management. We analyzed 10 years of fish diet data from Chesapeake Bay, USA, to (1) evaluate the effects of environmental variables on trophic interactions of 12 common predatory fishes, (2) infer dynamics of four key prey groups (mysids, bay anchovy, bivalves, and polychaetes), and (3) evaluate whether interannual dietary trends were coherent among predators and regulated by prey availability. Based on delta generalized additive mixed models (delta-GAMMs), predator length was the most important covariate in modeling prey consumption. When latitude, temperature, and depth effects were statistically significant, the effects of each variable were largely similar across predators for a given prey. Annual patterns of mysid and bivalve consumption each showed a single, dramatic peak shared by multiple predators with varied feeding preferences and distributional characteristics, but annual trends were not correlated with available survey-based measures of prey availability, likely due to methodological differences. Overall, the coherence in consumption patterns across predators was consistent with supply-driven dynamics controlled by regional and annual changes in prey availability. Also, the novel application of delta-GAMMs to fish diet data was useful in characterizing the dynamics of poorly sampled prey groups and the trophic interactions for ubiquitous species from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.
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Timoshenkova, I. A., and Y. G. Bazarnova. "Technology of fish semi-finished products using antimicrobial compositions with organic acids and salts." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-94-98.
Full textAbstract:
The actual problem of business is the low quality of fish raw materials due to the delay in deliveries from the manufacturer. The search for new technological solutions to extend the shelf life of fish raw materials due to the reduction of microbiological contamination is relevant. A technology is proposed for the production of natural fish semi-finished products using antimicrobial compositions based on organic acids and salts. Chilled carcasses, semi-finished products of trout (fillet with skin) and antimicrobial agents based on organic acids and salts (Dilactopolydon (DLP) and Dilactin Forte Plus (DFP) were used as objects of research. The choice of the most effective concentration of the DLP solution for processing trout carcasses was carried out using the mathematical method of a single-factor experiment and the Statgraphics Centurion computer program. Regression equations with high correlation coefficients are obtained. The most effective concentration of DLP during processing of trout carcasses before cutting into a piece of fillet with peel was set at 2% when the ratio of raw material to the additive solution was 1: 1 and aged for 20 minutes. This reduces the risk of re-contamination of fish carcasses during cutting due to the retention of the active components of DLP on the surface of the capillaries of the muscle tissue of the fish. A method for processing fish raw materials and natural semi-finished products with antimicrobial compounds DLP and DFP has been developed, which allows maintaining the quality of cooled semi-finished products for 13 days. This ensures a shelf life of 10 days. The developed technology has been tested under production conditions..
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Tsado, Amos Ndarubu, Rosemary Nnenna Okoli, Abel Gboke Jiya, David Gana, Rakiya Zubairu, Egbako Hussaini Alhassan, and Zungeru Ibrahim Salihu. "Effect of Supplementing Fish Diet with Grasshopper Meal On Growth Parameters of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." AROC in Agriculture 1, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocagr01010105.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The major problem facing fish feed manufacturers and fish nutrition is the increasing competition for the same feeding stuff between man and the fish feed industry due to their conventional status. This has brought about the high price and scarcity of such feedstuffs. This research is aimed at evaluating the potentials of using graded levels of grasshopper as protein sources in the diet of African catfish. Methods: Four feeding trial were set up with percentage inclusions of the grasshopper meal of 0% [diet] 1, 5% [Diet II], 10% [Diet III] and 15% [Diet IV]. The feed was given to the fish for 8 weeks. Fish survival rates, weekly weight gain, and length gain were recorded. Results: The results revealed that the. The survival rate of fish was over 90% for all experimental diets and it was significantly improved in the fish fed on 10% & 5% of grasshoppers (95.97% & 97.5%, respectively) when compared with the control group (91.04%). Percentage weight gain of the control group was significantly lower (803.00 %) compared to fish fed on 5% of grasshoppers (1092.00%). The highest fish length gain was also recorded fish fed on 5% of grasshopper (8.65 cm) while the least length gains (5.43 cm) was recorded for the control group in relation to all other fish groups which have received grasshopper at all inclusion levels. Conclusion: It is concluded that grasshopper inclusion in diet has the potential to enhance the survival rate and modulate growth parameters in Clarias gariepinus. Therefore, Grasshopper can be used as a feed additive in aquaculture to improve fish growth and production.
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Sundblad, Göran, Ulf Bergström, Alfred Sandström, and Peter Eklöv. "Nursery habitat availability limits adult stock sizes of predatory coastal fish." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 3 (April 18, 2013): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst056.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Habitat protection is a strategy often proposed in fisheries management to help maintain viable populations of exploited species. Yet, quantifying the importance of habitat availability for population sizes is difficult, as the precise distribution of essential habitats is poorly known. To quantify the contribution from coastal nursery habitats to exploited fish population sizes, we related adult density to the amount of nursery habitat available for 12 populations of the two dominant predatory fish species in a 40 000-km2 archipelago area of the Baltic Sea. Habitat distribution was mapped using three conceptually different techniques, Maxent, generalized additive models, and random forest, using spawning and 0-group point samples. Adult densities were estimated from gillnet surveys. Regressions demonstrated no evident effect from fishing, whereas habitat availability had a positive effect, explaining almost half of the variation in population sizes of both species. This result shows that a substantial proportion of the potential production of adult fish can be estimated by mapping essential nursery habitats distribution. Responses were non-linear, indicating that habitat protection has largest effects where there is little available habitat. By demonstrating the importance of habitat limitation of two exploited fish species, we provide quantitative support to the benefits of habitat protection for fisheries.
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Talan, Matvey S., and Irina S. Dokuchaeva. "The role of insectculture in the modern paradigm of the food industry in the Republic of Tatarstan." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701075.
Full textAbstract:
The socio-economic, biotechnological and environmental aspects of the organization of production and construction of a plant for deep processing of insectoculture in the Republic of Tatarstan are considered. Strategic analysis reveals the development of insect oculture as a key factor in improving the efficiency of food processing enterprises, organizing recycling and improving the state of the environment. The main product of the enterprise is a protein substrate, it is a well-balanced additive in mixed feed for poultry and fish farming and can become a reliable basis for import substitution in feed production. The products of vital activity of insects is a unique bio – fertilizer containing the whole complex of biologically active substances needed in crop production. The innovative technology of obtaining products of deep processing of insects is favorable not only in terms of the development of socio-economic processes in the republic, but also will give a new impetus to the development of the chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries in the Republic of Tatarstan.
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Csorvási, Éva, Saboura Zaheri, Milán Fehér, Péter Juhász, László Stündl, and Péter Bársony. "The effects of bioactive feed additives for the production parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings in intensive recirculating system." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 65 (March 24, 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/65/1874.
Full textAbstract:
For the appropriate quantity and quality of fish meat the pond farmers need to use up to date nutrition and feeding technologies. Recently the intensification of the carp production is stepping up with the availability the proper quality of the artificial feeds. The using of different feed additives make a better feed conservation ratio, faster growing rates and more uniform stocks.
In our experiment what is made with common carp (duration of the experiment was 8 weeks long) we compared two different kinds of feed additives in different doses. One of them contains only natural mineral elements and the other additive is a natural origin probiotics. Both additives were used in the quantity of 0.5, 1 and 2% of the total feed. By the result of the 8 weeks experiment it could be said, that the using of the humic acid based mineral elements feed additive. Makes a better FCR comparing with the control stock, but was not as good as the using of the probiotics. At the humic acid treatments the more doses, the better FCR value, but at the probiotics it wasn’t true. The 0.5% probiotic treatment gave the best result. It is concluded that the using of the probiotic feed additives always gave a better performance of the fishes (average weight, biomass, FCR) than the humic acid treatments. The using of the feed additives hasn’t got an influence for the survival rate of the carps.
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Nwakpa, J. N., E. E. Oti, and M. U. Agim. "Toxicity of aquaeous leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium on behaviourial and haematological characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) juveniles." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 35, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v35i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
A static bioassay experiment was set up to investigate effects of acute (96-hrLC50) concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium on behaviourial and haematological characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) juveniles. Evaluation of toxicity of leaf extracts at concentrations of: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100mg/l was done at various time intervals on the fish. A total of 180 catfish juveniles with average initial weight of 8.37±1.36g and total length of 12.10±2.45cm were used. The fish were distributed among the treatments on complete randomized design. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that aqueous leaf extracts were toxic to experimental fish. There was an observed erratic movement, colour change from black to ash-brown and dark coloured belly of treated fish. There were slight changes in water quality parameters, with no significant effect (p>0.05) on the tolerance level of fish on G. latifolium leaf extracts. Mean values of 96-hrLC50 were 90.14mg/l and 2.78mg/l for the upper and lower limits while the threshold value was 0.26mg/l. Phyto-chemical analysis of the leaves showed constituents of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthrocyanide, alkaloids and glycosides. Effects of aqueous extracts on haematological indices revealed increasing values of pack cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular heamoglobin and mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration counts with extract concentration. Thus, G. latifolium could be used as feed additive for improved fish production at concentration below 70%.
Keywords: Gongronema latifolium, leaf extracts, behaviour, haematology, Clarias gariepinus
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Hühn, Daniel, Kay Lübke, Christian Skov, and Robert Arlinghaus. "Natural recruitment, density-dependent juvenile survival, and the potential for additive effects of stock enhancement: an experimental evaluation of stocking northern pike (Esox lucius) fry." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 10 (October 2014): 1508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0636.
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Density-dependent mortality in young life stages should strongly limit the potential for additive effects caused by stocking of fish sizes that are smaller than size at recruitment into the fishery. Indeed, stocking models have suggested that stocking of fry should not elevate year class strength in self-sustaining stocks. However, limited data based on replicated and controlled experiments are available to support this prediction. We performed a pond experiment (N = 4 per treatment) to compare the stock enhancing outcome of stocking hatchery-reared northern pike (Esox lucius) fry and the natural production of young in self-recruiting pike populations. We also added a treatment where pike fry were stocked into ponds that otherwise did not have pike to mimic the absence of natural recruitment. Fry stocking into self-reproducing stocks did not elevate year class strength over unstocked controls. However, in the absence of competition, year class strength of juveniles in late summer emerging from fry stocking was similar to the production of natural recruits. Overall, we demonstrated the competitive disadvantage of hatchery-reared fry when released into waters already containing natural recruits, the partial replacement of natural recruits by hatchery-reared fry, and the lack of additive effects of stock enhancement in naturally reproducing stocks. A stock-enhancing effect of pike fry stocking may only be expected in the absence of natural recruitment.
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Rivas, Amable J., Miguel Balado, Manuel L. Lemos, and Carlos R. Osorio. "Synergistic and Additive Effects of Chromosomal and Plasmid-Encoded Hemolysins Contribute to Hemolysis and Virulence in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 9 (June 24, 2013): 3287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00155-13.
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ABSTRACTPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.damselaecauses infections and fatal disease in marine animals and in humans. Highly hemolytic strains produce damselysin (Dly) and plasmid-encoded HlyA (HlyApl). These hemolysins are encoded by plasmid pPHDD1 and contribute to hemolysis and virulence for fish and mice. In this study, we report that all the hemolytic strains produce a hitherto uncharacterized chromosome-encoded HlyA (HlyAch). Hemolysis was completely abolished in a singlehlyAchmutant of a plasmidless strain and in adly hlyAplhlyAchtriple mutant. We found that Dly, HlyApl, and HlyAchare needed for full hemolytic values in strains harboring pPHDD1, and these values are the result of the additive effects between HlyApland HlyAch, on the one hand, and of the synergistic effect of Dly with HlyApland HlyAch, on the other hand. Interestingly, Dly-producing strains produced synergistic effects with strains lacking Dly production but secreting HlyA, constituting a case of the CAMP (Christie,Atkins, andMunch-Petersen) reaction. Environmental factors such as iron starvation and salt concentration were found to regulate the expression of the three hemolysins. We found that the contributions, in terms of the individual and combined effects, of the three hemolysins to hemolysis and virulence varied depending on the animal species tested. While Dly and HlyAplwere found to be main contributors in the virulence for mice, we observed that the contribution of hemolysins to virulence for fish was mainly based on the synergistic effects between Dly and either of the two HlyA hemolysins rather than on their individual effects.
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Оксана Юрьевна Туренко, Alexey Alekseevich Vasiliev, Yulia Anatolyevna Guseva, and Elena Viktorovna Groza. "Economic efficiency of the use of "Reasil ® Humic Health" during sturgeon rearing." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i5pp75-78.
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The article presents the results of the use of humic acids in the cultivation of Lena sturgeon in closed water supply installations. The use of "Reasil ® Humic Health" at a concentration of 1.5 g per 1.0 kg of mixed feed in fish feeding contributed to an increase in the productivity of Lena sturgeon by 6 %. Humic acids have a wide range of biological activity, affecting the metabolic processes in the body of animals and humans. The introduction of humic acids into the diet of sturgeon helps to increase productivity, due to the ability to stimulate the production of enzymes, reduces feed costs by 1 kg of growth. The use of Reasil ® Humic Health feed additive based on unmodified microporous humic acids from Leonardite in the diet of sturgeon contributes to an increase in profitability by 9.4 %.
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de Lourdes Nahhas Rodacki, Cintia, André Luiz Felix Rodacki, Isabela Coelho, Daniele Pequito, Maressa Krause, Sandro Bonatto, Katya Naliwaiko, and Luiz Cláudio Fernandes. "Influence of fish oil supplementation and strength training on some functional aspects of immune cells in healthy elderly women." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 1 (June 10, 2015): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515001555.
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Immune function changes with ageing and is influenced by physical activity (strength training, ST) and diet (fish oil, FO). The present study investigated the effect of FO and ST on the immune system of elderly women. Forty-five women (64 (sd 1·4) years) were assigned to ST for 90 d (ST; n 15), ST plus 2 g/d FO for 90 d (ST90; n 15) or 2 g/d FO for 60 d followed by ST plus FO for 90 d (ST150; n 15). Training was performed three times per week, for 12 weeks. A number of innate (zymosan phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion, peroxide of hydrogen) and adaptive (cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD8, TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 produced by lymphocytes) immune parameters were assessed before supplementation (base), before (pre-) and after (post-) training. ST induced no immune changes. FO supplementation caused increased phagocytosis (48 %), lysosomal volume (100 %) and the production of superoxide anion (32 %) and H2O2 (70 %) in the ST90. Additional FO supplementation (ST150) caused no additive influence on the immune system, as ST150 and ST90 did not differ, but caused greater changes when compared to the ST (P< 0·05). FO increased CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the ST150, which remained unchanged when training was introduced. The combination of ST and FO reduced TNF-α in the ST150 from base to post-test. FO supplementation (ST150, base–pre) when combined with exercise (ST150, pre–post) increased IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 production. The immune parameters improved in response to FO supplementation; however, ST alone did not enhance the immune system.
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Trinh, Son Khanh, Linh Thuy Nguyen, Thien Trung Le, and Han Thi Ngoc Le. "Production of Fish Protein Concentrate (FPC) from Palgasius Catfish and study on the effect of sodium chloride, sodium tripolyphosphate, sucrose and sorbitol to the protein solubility and water holding capacity of FPC." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T1 (March 31, 2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it1.439.
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Fish Protein Concentrate (FPC) was produced from Pangasius Catfish fillet using isopropanol and ethanol at pHI=5.5. FPC had molecular weights of <11 and 35 kDa. Based on FAO standard, FPC powder was type A. FPC had protein, lipid, ash and moisture contents of 91.8, 0.12, 0.69 and 3.12 % respectively. Contents of essential and conditionally essential amino acids were 38.28 and 36.51 %, respectively, were higher than those of the FAO/WHO standard. This indicated that FPC from Pangasius Catfish had highly nutritional value. The results showed that the protein solubility of KPC was depend on the concentration and seasonings/additive type following the ascending order: sodium chloride (NaCl)< sucrose<sorbitol<sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP). Besides, NaCl, sucrose and sorbitol mostly did not affect to water holding capacity of FPC whilst STPP increased this property. Chilling and freezing storage caused changes of water holding capacity and protein solubility. However, these changes were not so much.
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Yesavkin, Yu, A. Zhigin, A. Maksimenkova, S. Grikshas, and A. Pavlov. "Morphometric parameters of rainbow trout when the use of probiotic feed additive Enzimsporin." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2005-07.
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The main objective of commercial trout farming is to grow fish in the shortest possible time and with minimal costs, while the most important factor for effective cultivation is the completeness of feeding. The study of the effectiveness of the use and influence of biologically active additives on growth, development and product quality is the basis for practical recommendations for the use of biologically active substances in compound feed for rainbow trout. Enzimsporin is a feed probiotic additive for optimizing the digestive processes, increasing the productivity and livability of fi sh and contains a complex of spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the influence of the probiotic feed additive Enzimsporin on the morphometric parameters of rainbow trout when it is reared in cages. As the main diet, the production feed for commercial trout cultivation LimKorm 42/17 has been used. In the other two versions of the experiment the addition of Enzimsporin in the amount of 0,5 g/kg and 1,0 g/kg of feed has been added to it. As the result of the research, the tendency of differences in the indices of large-headedness, maximum and minimum height, and body thickness between the experimental and control groups of rainbow trout has been revealed. There were statistically significant differences in the indices of the length of the intestine and stomach, and the significant increase in the index of filling the gastrointestinal tract in experimental trout compared to the control group. The doubling of the drug dose resulted in the statistically significant increase in the feed consumed in variant 2 (1 g/kg of feed) compared to variant 1 (0,5 g/kg of feed). The drug Enzimsporin contributed to the increased appetite of fi sh and the intensity of the metabolism. Other morphophysiological parameters were within the normal range and did not diff er significantly. It has been shown that Enzimsporin in the composition of compound feed (0,5–1,0 g/kg of feed) is effective for feeding rainbow trout.
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Shulaev, G., R. Milushev, V. Engovatov, and D. Engovatov. "Theoretical and practical bases of creation of prestarter granulated compound feed for piglets." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2006-01.
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Currently, the country’s industrial pig breeding uses mainly imported granulated compound feed and expensive enrichment additives containing protein products with different processing technologies, and biologically active substances. This leads to an increase in the cost of pig products. Alternative to imported analogues complex enrichment additive for prestarter feed from domestic raw materials has been developed, the use of which has been scientifically justified. The basis of this additive is soya and lupin with different processing methods, corn gluten, fish meal and milk whey, as well as biologically active substances. Optimal modes of extrusion of soya, fl ax seeds, grain feed, processing additives and granulated feed under the conditions of the feed mill have been worked out. Tests of granulated compound feeds with experimental and imported processing additives on piglets of suckling age have been carried out at the pig breeding complex. It has been established that the qualitative characteristics of the granulated compound feed with additives and processing subjects were almost equal. As the result of their use on the large number of pigs, high livability of off spring was ensured and almost equal indicators of live weight of young animals at 24-day age were obtained at the level of 253–254 g. At the same time, the level of hemoglobin in the blood was high at 119,7–120,6 g/l, and the young animals of the experimental group had the advantage in the content of γ-globulins by 1,92 %, which indicates the higher immune status of the animals of the experimental group. Studies have shown that granulated compound feed with the complex enrichment additive of domestic production is cheaper than imported by 29,76 %. This is economically beneficial for the farm.
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Grasso, Alfina, Margherita Ferrante, Pietro Zuccarello, Tommaso Filippini, Giovanni Arena, Maria Fiore, Antonio Cristaldi, Gea Oliveri Conti, and Chiara Copat. "Chemical Characterization and Quantification of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) in Seafood by Single-Particle ICP-MS: Assessment of Dietary Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 20, 2020): 9547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249547.
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The significant increase in the production and variety of nanoparticles (NPs) has led to their release into the environment, especially into the marine environment. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are used in different industrial sectors, from the food industry to several consumer and household products. Since the aquatic environment is highly sensitive to contamination by TiO2-NPs, this work aimed to give a preliminary assessment of the contamination of packaged seafood, where the food additive TiO2 (E171) is not to be intentionally added. This allowed providing a chemical characterization and quantification of TiO2-NPs in processed canned fish products belonging to different trophic positions of the pelagic compartment and in canned clam. The new emerging technique called single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) was applied, which allows the determination of nanoparticle number-based concentration, as well as the dissolved titanium. This study highlights how processed food, where the pigment E171 was not intentionally added, contains TiO2 in its nanoparticle form, as well as dissolved titanium. Processed clam represented the seafood with the highest content of TiO2-NPs. In pelagic fish species, we found progressively higher levels and smaller sizes of TiO2-NPs from smaller to larger fish. Our results highlight the importance of planning the characterization and quantification of TiO2-NPs in food both processed and not, as well as where the pigment E171 is intentionally added and not, as it is not the only source of TiO2-NPs. This result represents a solid step toward being able to estimate the real level of dietary exposure to TiO2-NPs for the general population and the related health risks.
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Arsène, Mbarga M. J., Anyutoulou K. L. Davares, Smolyakova L. Andreevna, Ermolaev A. Vladimirovich, Bassa Z. Carime, Razan Marouf, and Ibrahim Khelifi. "The use of probiotics in animal feeding for safe production and as potential alternatives to antibiotics." Veterinary World 14, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.319-328.
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Although the production of safe food for human consumption is the primary purpose for animal rearing, the environment and well-being of the animals must also be taken into consideration. Based on microbiological point of view, the production of healthy food from animals involves considering foodborne pathogens, on the one hand and on the other hand, the methods used to fight against germs during breeding. The conventional method to control or prevent bacterial infections in farming is the use antibiotics. However, the banning of these compounds as growth promoters caused many changes in animal breeding and their use has since been limited to the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. In this function, their importance no longer needs to be demonstrated, but unfortunately, their excessive and abusive use have led to a double problem which can have harmful consequences on consumer health: Resistance to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic residues in food. The use of probiotics appears to be a suitable alternative to overcome these problems because of their ability to modulate the immune system and intestinal microflora, and further considering their antagonistic role against certain pathogenic bacteria and their ability to play the role of growth factor (sometimes associated with prebiotics) when used as feed additives. This review aims to highlight some of the negative effects of the use of antibiotics in animal rearing as well as emphasize the current knowledge on the use of probiotics as a feed additive, their influence on animal production and their potential utility as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in poultry, pig, and fish farming.
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Cararo, Leonardo Miguel, Ricardo Yugi Sado, Betina Muelbert, and Maude Regina de Borba. "Evaluation of oregano essential oil as a growth promoter and resistance stimulator against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3871.
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Agroecology-based aquaculture emerges as a particularly interesting production alternative for rural family farmers. In such systems, it is desirable to use means for enhancing the zootechnical performance and improving fish immune responses from natural products. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic diet supplementation with oregano essential oil, Origanum vulgare, on zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and resistance to the ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. A completely randomized design with five treatments (concentrations 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g oregano essential oil kg-1 diet) and four replicates was adopted. Groups of 20 silver catfish juveniles (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.5g) were stocked in 20 polyethylene tanks (54 L usable volume) connected to a water recirculation system with individual aeration. The diets were prepared with certified organic ingredients and offered for 89 days in two meals a day. At the end of the experimental period, survival, zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and fish body composition were evaluated. After the final biometry, an experimental challenge with ich infection was performed. Dietary concentrations of oregano essential oil had no effects on growth, hematology, and body composition of silver catfish juveniles (p > 0.05). Neither was there any influence on the level of infection and accumulated mortality of the fish under challenge with ich. Supplementation with oregano essential oil did not prove to be an effective dietary additive in improving the performance or increasing resistance against ich in silver catfish juveniles. However, in view of the importance of the topic, further studies should be carried out to increase knowledge about the effect of this and other natural additives in silver catfish, including at other stages of development.
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Coccia, Elena, Francesco Siano, Maria Grazia Volpe, Ettore Varricchio, Orhan Tufan Eroldogan, and Marina Paolucci. "Chestnut Shell Extract Modulates Immune Parameters in the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss." Fishes 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes4010018.
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In this study, chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell was extracted with different solvents, and immunomodulatory activity was investigated in an in vitro model system using blood and intestinal leukocytes of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gallic acid (GA) was used as a standard. Chestnut shell extract (CSE) and GA readily entered both blood and intestinal leukocytes. Superoxide anion production and phagocytosis were decreased by low doses of CSE and increased with high doses. CSE and GA differently regulated cytokine expression in blood and intestinal leukocytes. High doses of CSE upregulated IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in intestinal leukocytes and IL-10 in blood leukocytes. Low doses of CSE upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α in blood leukocytes. GA appeared to be effective only in blood leukocytes. The effects of CSE on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines seemed to suggest an alert effect of the immune defense system against a possible infectious agent. The less evident effect of GA in comparison to CSE could have been attributable to the synergistic and/or additive effects of polyphenols in the latter. The immune-stimulating activity of CSE reported here could be useful for future practical applications in fish health.
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Welch, D. W., A. I. Chigirinsky, and Y. Ishida. "Upper thermal limits on the oceanic distribution of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the spring." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-050.
Full textAbstract:
Pacific salmon are normally thought to be distributed throughout the Subarctic Pacific, an area where they form the dominant fish fauna. We use a series of generalized additive models to show that salmon exhibit a sharp step-function response to temperature in the oceanic eastern north Pacific in spring. The critical temperature defining the southern boundary varied by species: 10.4 °C for pink and chum salmon, 9.4 °C for coho salmon, and 8.9 °C for sockeye salmon. These thermal limits occur well to the north of the southern boundary of the Transition Zone, at widely separated geographic positions within the Subarctic Domain, and at temperatures much lower than the lethal upper limit for each species. The sharp decline in abundance with temperature, and the remarkably low temperatures at which the response occurs, suggests that thermal barriers form an effective limit to the offshore distribution of salmon in spring, and can limit the distribution of Pacific salmon to a relatively small area of the Subarctic Pacific. The strength of this response is presumably the direct result of strong evolutionary selection. Future temperature changes in the North Pacific could therefore have a direct impact on the production dynamics of Pacific salmon.
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Glémet, Hélène, and Marco A. Rodríguez. "Short-term growth (RNA/DNA ratio) of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in relation to environmental influences and spatio-temporal variation in a shallow fluvial lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-126.
Full textAbstract:
Shallow fluvial lakes are heterogeneous ecosystems in which marked spatio-temporal variation renders difficult the analysis of key ecological processes, such as growth. In this study, we used generalized additive modelling of the RNA/DNA ratio, an index of short-term growth, to investigate the influence of environmental variables and spatio-temporal variation on growth of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in Lake St. Pierre, Quebec, Canada. Temperature and water level had seemingly stronger effects on short-term growth than seasonal change or spatial variation between and along the lakeshores. Consistent with previous studies, the maximum RNA/DNA ratio was found at 20.5 °C, suggesting that our approach provides a useful tool for estimating thermal optima for growth in the field. The RNA/DNA ratio showed a positive relationship with water level, as predicted by the flood pulse concept, a finding with implications for ecosystem productivity in fluvial lakes. The RNA/DNA ratio was more variable along the north than the south shore, possibly reflecting exposure to more differentiated water masses. The negative influence of both high temperatures and low water levels on growth points to potential impacts of climatic change on fish production in shallow fluvial lakes.
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Hillestad, Borghild, Ólafur H. Kristjánsson, Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad, and Hooman K. Moghadam. "Genome-Wide Association Study Confirms Previous Findings of Major Loci Affecting Resistance to Piscine myocarditis virus in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)." Genes 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11060608.
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Cardiomyopathy syndrome is a viral disease of Atlantic salmon, mostly affecting fish during the late stages of production, resulting in significant losses to the industry. It has been shown that resistance to this disease has a strong genetic component, with quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 27 (Ssa27) and Ssa12 to explain most of the additive genetic variance. Here, by analysing animals from a different year-class and a different population, we further aimed to confirm and narrow down the locations of these QTL. The data support the existence of the two QTL and suggest that the causative mutation on Ssa27 is most likely within the 10–10.5 Mbp segment of this chromosome. This region contains a cluster of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) genes with the most strongly associated marker mapped to one of these loci. On Ssa12, the data confirmed the previous finding that the location of the causative mutation is within the 61.3 to 61.7 Mbp region. This segment contains several immune-related genes, but of particular interest are genes related to MHC II. Together, these findings highlight the likely key role of MHC genes in Atlantic salmon following infection with Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) and their potential impact on influencing the trajectory of this disease.
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Zwolinski, Juan P., Paulo B. Oliveira, Victor Quintino, and Yorgos Stratoudakis. "Sardine potential habitat and environmental forcing off western Portugal." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 8 (June 25, 2010): 1553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq068.
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Abstract Zwolinski, J. P., Oliveira, P. B., Quintino, V., and Stratoudakis, Y. 2010. Sardine potential habitat and environmental forcing off western Portugal. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1553–1564. Relationships between sardine (Sardina pilchardus) distribution and the environment off western Portugal were explored using data from seven acoustic surveys (spring and autumn of 2000, 2001, 2005, and spring 2006). Four environmental variables (salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a, and acoustic epipelagic backscatter other than fish) were related to the acoustic presence and density of sardine. Univariate quotient analysis revealed sardine preferences for waters with high chlorophyll a content, low temperature and salinity, and low acoustic epipelagic backscatter. Generalized additive models depicted significant relationships between the environment and sardine presence but not with sardine density. Maps of sardine potential habitat (SPH) built upon the presence/absence models revealed a clear seasonal effect in the across-bathymetry and alongshelf extension of SPH off western Portugal. During autumn, SPH covered a large part of the northern Portuguese continental shelf but was almost absent from the southern region, whereas in spring SPH extended farther south but was reduced to a narrow band of shallow coastal waters in the north. This seasonal pattern agrees with the spatio-temporal variation of primary production and oceanic circulation described for the western Iberian shelf.
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LaRosae, Marissa, Thomas S. Shieh, Shelby Nosbisch, Roger Walk, Ryan S. Samuel, and Casey L. Bradley. "265 The Efficacy of Replacing Animal Protein Products in Nursery Pig Diets with a Bioactive Peptide-based Feed Additive Program on Growth Performance and Efficiency in a Commercial System." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.155.
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Abstract A 42-d commercial nursery study was conducted utilizing 1,296 pigs (DNA genetics, BW: 5.27 ± 0.05 kg; 21-d of age) that evaluated the efficacy of replacing animal protein products while also reducing SID Lys in nursery pig diets with a bioactive peptide-based feed additive program on growth performance, efficiency, health and well-being, and profitability. The dietary treatments were applied over 3 phases (PH) and were fed based on a feed budget: PH1: 2.27 kg/pig [Positive Control (PC): 1.46% SID Lys; 3,415 kcal/kg ME]; PH2: 4.54 kg/pig (PC: 1.42% SID Lys; 3,395 kcal/kg ME); and PH3: 15.88 kg/pig (1.26% SID Lys; 3,395 kcal/kg ME). The four dietary treatments were: 1) PC: complex diet in PH1-2 and standard diet in PH3; 2) negative control (NC): diet in PH1-2 devoid of fishmeal and spray-dried plasma and -0.10% SID Lys compared to the PC and PH3 the same as the PC; 3) PEP1 in PH1-2 was the NC diets plus Peptiva® Maximo (Vitech Bio-Chem Corp., Orange, CA) fed at 0.25% and in PH3 the PC + Peptiva® Optimo fed at 0.1%; 4) PEP2 in PH1-2 was the NC diets plus Peptiva® Maximo fed at 0.50% and in PH3 the PC plus Peptiva® Optimo fed at 0.2%. Pen weights of pigs and pen feed consumption were evaluated in 2-wk increments and overall. Additionally, animal health and well-being and economics were evaluated for the entire nursery program. Overall, pigs fed the PEP1 diets had a better FCR (with or without mortality adjustments) than either control group, while the PEP2 group was intermediate. These results indicate that highly digestible proteins, such as fish meal and spray-dried plasma, can be removed from early nursery diets while supplementing with bioactive-peptide feed additive strategy to optimize performance and economics of production.
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Raboy, Victor. "Low phytic acid Crops: Observations Based on Four Decades of Research." Plants 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020140.
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The low phytic acid (lpa), or “low-phytate” seed trait can provide numerous potential benefits to the nutritional quality of foods and feeds and to the sustainability of agricultural production. Major benefits include enhanced phosphorus (P) management contributing to enhanced sustainability in non-ruminant (poultry, swine, and fish) production; reduced environmental impact due to reduced waste P in non-ruminant production; enhanced “global” bioavailability of minerals (iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium) for both humans and non-ruminant animals; enhancement of animal health, productivity and the quality of animal products; development of “low seed total P” crops which also can enhance management of P in agricultural production and contribute to its sustainability. Evaluations of this trait by industry and by advocates of biofortification via breeding for enhanced mineral density have been too short term and too narrowly focused. Arguments against breeding for the low-phytate trait overstate the negatives such as potentially reduced yields and field performance or possible reductions in phytic acid’s health benefits. Progress in breeding or genetically-engineering high-yielding stress-tolerant low-phytate crops continues. Perhaps due to the potential benefits of the low-phytate trait, the challenge of developing high-yielding, stress-tolerant low-phytate crops has become something of a holy grail for crop genetic engineering. While there are widely available and efficacious alternative approaches to deal with the problems posed by seed-derived dietary phytic acid, such as use of the enzyme phytase as a feed additive, or biofortification breeding, if there were an interest in developing low-phytate crops with good field performance and good seed quality, it could be accomplished given adequate time and support. Even with a moderate reduction in yield, in light of the numerous benefits of low-phytate types as human foods or animal feeds, should one not grow a nutritionally-enhanced crop variant that perhaps has 5% to 10% less yield than a standard variant but one that is substantially more nutritious? Such crops would be a benefit to human nutrition especially in populations at risk for iron and zinc deficiency, and a benefit to the sustainability of agricultural production.
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Simonsen, Kirsten A., Patrick H. Ressler, Christopher N. Rooper, and Stephani G. Zador. "Spatio-temporal distribution of euphausiids: an important component to understanding ecosystem processes in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 8 (January 29, 2016): 2020–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv272.
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Abstract Euphausiids (principally Thysanoessa spp.) are found in high abundance in both the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). They are an important part of these cold-water coastal and pelagic ecosystems as a key prey item for many species, including marine mammals, seabirds, and fish, forming an ecological link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Acoustic-trawl (AT) survey methods provide a means of monitoring euphausiid abundance and distribution over a large spatial scale. Four years of AT and bottom-trawl survey data (2003, 2005, 2011, and 2013) were available from consistently sampled areas around Kodiak Island, including Shelikof Strait, Barnabas Trough, and Chiniak Trough. We identified euphausiid backscatter using relative frequency response and targeted trawling, and created an annual index of abundance for euphausiids. This index has broad application, including use in the stock assessments for GOA walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and other species, as an ecosystem indicator, and to inform ecological research. We then used generalized additive models (GAMs) to examine the relationship between relative euphausiid abundance and potential predictors, including pollock abundance, temperature, bottom depth, and primary production. Model results were compared with an updated GAM of euphausiid abundance from the EBS to determine if the factors driving abundance and distribution were consistent between both systems. Temperature was not a strong predictor of euphausiid abundance in the GOA as in the EBS; warmer temperatures and lack of seasonal ice cover in the GOA may be a key difference between these ecosystems. Pollock abundance was significant in both the GOA and the EBS models, but was not a strongly negative predictor of euphausiid abundance in either system, a result not consistent with top-down control of euphausiid abundance.
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Thanh Xuan, Le Thi, Pham Thanh Ha, Nguyen Huy Hoang, Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong, Nguyen Quang Huy, and Nguyen Kim Thoa. "Selection of bacterial strains belonging to the astaxanthin producing Paracoccus genus." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/3/13477.
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Astaxanthin, a member of the carotenoid group, is an important additive not only in feed nutrition but also in providing the red color of salmon meat, cooked shellfish and koi fish. This leads to an increase in the commercial and aesthetic values for those aquatic products. In addition, astaxanthin is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Nowadays, astaxanthin has been mainly extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Moreover, some bacterial groups, especially Paracoccus genus including P. carotinifaciens, and P. haeundaensis have also been reported to synthesize a high level of astaxanthin. In this study, a number of bacterial strains belonging to Paracoccus genus isolated from several in-shore regions of Vietnam have been screened to find high astaxanthin producing strains for aquatic feed production. More than 90 colourful biosynthesis strains were isolated from 50 soil and water samples in different beaches and ramsa, of which 33 strains belong to negative bacterial group. Analysis of the extracted carotenoid mixtures obtained from the pellets of those strains by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and TLC reveals that 3 strains including C32, C38 and C47 are able to yield a high level of astaxanthin at 23 mg, 18 mg, and 11 mg astaxanthin per 1 g biomass, respectively. Based on the physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence, the C32 and C38 strains are most related to P. carotinifaciens whereas the C47 strain is most closely to P. kocurii.
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Zhang, Peiwen, Deqiang Qin, Jianjun Chen, and Zhixiang Zhang. "Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides." Insects 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100721.
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Synthetic insecticides are effective in controlling insect pests but can also harm nontarget organisms and the environment. During the last 40 years, there has been an increasing interest in alternative insecticides, particularly those derived from plants, commonly known as botanical insecticides. However, commercially available botanical insecticides remain limited. Rotenone is one of the earliest identified compounds and was used as fish poison and pest management. Due to its link with Parkinson disease, the use of rotenone was banned in many developed countries. Rotenone used to be isolated from Derris spp. and Lonchocarpus spp., and it can also be isolated from Tephrosia species. In this article, we present basic botanical information on selected Tephrosia species and their major compounds related to insecticidal activities and highlight the current use of extracts derived from some species, Tephrosia vogelii in particular, for control of insect pests in stored grains and crop production. The crude extracts contain multiple bioactive compounds, mainly rotenone, deguelin, rotenolone, and tephrosin, which act in either additive or synergistic fashion, resulting in effective control of insect pests. There are about 400 species in the genus Tephrosia, and species and even strains or variants vary greatly in these active compounds. We argue that a systematic evaluation of bioactive compounds in different species are needed, and species or strains with high insecticidal activities should be selected for use in the sustainable control of insect pests.