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Journal articles on the topic "Additive manufacture"

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Lancea, Camil, Valentin-Marian Stamate, Lucia-Antoneta Chicoş, Sebastian-Marian Zaharia, Alin-Mihai Pop, Ionut-Stelian Pascariu, and George-Răzvan Buican. "Design and additive manufacturing of brushless electric motor components." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134301007.

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The electric motor components are manufactured through the additive process of fused filament fabrication in order to verify the functionality of the electric motor assembly. This process was chosen due to the advantages it confers: fast obtaining of components, low manufacturing costs, no tools required for processing or for moulds manufacturing. Through the fused filament fabrication process, parts with complex geometries, which cannot be obtained by classical machining, can be manufactured. Due to the above-mentioned advantages, this technology is extremely useful for the manufacture and testing of prototypes. The paper aims to manufacture components of a brushless electric motor in order to verify the assembling compatibility and manufacturing accuracy.
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Escher, C., and C. Mutke. "Additive Manufacturing of Tool Steels*." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 77, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2022-1002.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing of tool steels represents a great challenge, yet it offers new possibilities for the tool manufacture of, for example, complex forming tools with conformal cooling. First, this contribution gives an overview of the most relevant additive manufacturing processes, the materials and processing concepts. By means of a hybrid manufactured press hardening tool for high-strength sheet metal parts, an example of practical implementation is presented subsequently.
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Loukaides, Evripides G., Rhodri W. C. Lewis, and Christopher R. Bowen. "Additive manufacture of multistable structures." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 02LT02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aae4f6.

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García-Gascón, César, Pablo Castelló-Pedrero, and Juan Antonio García-Manrique. "Minimal Surfaces as an Innovative Solution for the Design of an Additive Manufactured Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)." Drones 6, no. 10 (October 2, 2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6100285.

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This paper aims to describe the methodology used in the design and manufacture of a fixed-wing aircraft manufactured using additive techniques together with the implementation of technology based on solar panels. The main objective is increasing the autonomy and range of the UAV’s autonomous missions. Moreover, one of the main targets is to improve the capabilities of the aeronautical industry towards sustainable aircrafts and to acquire better mechanical properties owing to the use of additive technologies and new printing materials. Further, a lower environmental impact could be achieved through the use of renewable energies. Material extrusion (MEX) technology may be able to be used for the manufacture of stronger and lighter parts by using gyroids as the filling of the printed material. The paper proposes the use of minimal surfaces for the reinforcement of the UAV aircraft wings. This type of surface was never used because it is not possible to manufacture it using conventional techniques. The rapid growth of additive technologies led to many expectations for new design methodologies in the aeronautical industry. In this study, mechanical tests were carried out on specimens manufactured with different geometries to address the design and manufacture of a UAV as a demonstrator. In addition, to carry out the manufacture of the prototype, a 3D printer with a movable bench similar to a belt, that allows for the manufacture of parts without limitations in the Z axis, was tested. The parts manufactured with this technique can be structurally improved, and it is possible to avoid manufacturing multiple prints of small parts of the aircraft that will have to be glued later, decreasing the mechanical properties of the UAV. The conceptual design and manufacturing of a solar aircraft, SolarÍO, using additive technologies, is presented. A study of the most innovative 3D printers was carried out that allowed for the manufacture of parts with an infinite Z-axis and, in addition, a filler based on minimal surfaces (gyroids) was applied, which considerably increased the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Finally, it can be stated that in this article, the potential of the additive manufacturing as a new manufacturing process for small aircrafts and for the aeronautical sector in the future when new materials and more efficient additive manufacturing processes are already developed is demonstrated.
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Pfeffer, Stefan, Patrick Springer, Tobias Granse, Martin Neff, Simon Leitl, Albert Dorneich, Markus Fritton, and Frank Geiger. "Additive Fertigung individualisierter Sensorgehäuse/Additive manufacturing of individualised sensor housings." wt Werkstattstechnik online 112, no. 11-12 (2022): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2022-11-12-11.

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Induktive Sensoren werden in Einschraubgehäusen als Standardkomponenten eingesetzt. In einem Verbund aus Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung IPA sowie den Firmen Arburg GmbH und Balluff GmbH wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt, um derartige Sensoren in individualisierbaren Gehäusen zu fertigen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt wie Gehäuse additiv gefertigt und vergossen werden können. Zusätzlich werden Ergebnisse industrieller Qualifikationstests zur Evaluation der Sensoren beschrieben. Inductive sensors are used in screw-in housings as standard components. In an alliance of Fraunhofer IPA and the companies Arburg GmbH und Co. KG and Balluff GmbH, an approach was developed to manufacture such sensors in customizable housings. The publication describes how housings can be additively manufactured and molded. In addition, results of industrial qualification tests for the evaluation of the sensors are described.
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Veiga, Fernando, Trunal Bhujangrao, Alfredo Suárez, Eider Aldalur, Igor Goenaga, and Daniel Gil-Hernandez. "Validation of the Mechanical Behavior of an Aeronautical Fixing Turret Produced by a Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112177.

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The design of parts in such critical sectors as the manufacturing of aeronautical parts is awaiting a paradigm shift due to the introduction of additive manufacturing technologies. The manufacture of parts designed by means of the design-oriented additive manufacturing methodology (DfAM) has acquired great relevance in recent years. One of the major gaps in the application of these technologies is the lack of studies on the mechanical behavior of parts manufactured using this methodology. This paper focuses on the manufacture of a turret for the clamping of parts for the aeronautical industry. The design of the lightened turret by means of geometry optimization, the manufacture of the turret in polylactic acid (PLA) and 5XXX series aluminum alloy by means of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology and the analysis by means of finite element analysis (FEA) with its validation by means of a tensile test are presented. The behavior of the part manufactured with both materials is compared. The conclusion allows to establish which are the limitations of the part manufactured in PLA for its orientation to the final application, whose advantages are its lower weight and cost. This paper is novel as it presents a holistic view that covers the process in an integrated way from the design and manufacture to the behaviour of the component in use.
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Salgado-Lopez, Juan Manuel, Enrique Martinez-Franco, Celso Cruz-Gonzalez, Jorge Corona-Castuera, and Jhon Alexander Villada-Villalobos. "Microstructure and Microhardness Evolution of Additively Manufactured Cellular Inconel 718 after Heat Treatment with Different Aging Times." Metals 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122141.

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The manufacture of cellular structures using high-performance materials is possible thanks to the additive manufacturing of metals. However, it is well known that the mechanical and microstructural properties of metals manufactured by this technique do not correspond to those of the same metals manufactured by conventional methods. It is well known that the mechanical properties depend on the direction of manufacture, the size of the pieces, and the type of cell structure used. In addition, the effect of heat treatments on parts manufactured by additive manufacturing differs from parts manufactured by conventional methods. In this work, the microstructure and microhardness of cellular structures of Inconel 718, manufactured by additive manufacturing under heat treatments with different aging times, were evaluated. It was found that the time of the first aging impacts the microhardness and its homogeneity, affecting the microstructure. The highest hardness was obtained for an aging time of 8 h, while the lowest standard deviation was obtained at 10 h. Finally, it is shown that the aging time influences a more homogeneous distribution of the elements and phases.
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Childerhouse, Thomas, and Martin Jackson. "Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes." Metals 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2019): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060689.

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Near net shape (NNS) manufacturing offers an alternative to conventional processes for the manufacture of titanium alloy components. Compared to the conventional routes, which typically require extensive material removal of forged billets, NNS methods offer more efficient material usage and can significantly reduce machining requirements. Furthermore, NNS manufacturing processes offer benefits such as greater flexibility and reduced costs compared to conventional methods. Processes such as metal additive manufacturing (AM) have started to be adopted in niche applications, most notably for the manufacture of medical implants, where many conventionally forged components have been replaced by those manufactured by AM processes. However, for more widespread adoption of these emerging processes, an improvement in the confidence in the techniques by manufacturers is necessary. This requires addressing challenges such as the limited mechanical properties of parts in their as-built condition compared to wrought products and the post-process machining requirements of components manufactured by these routes. In this review, processes which use a powder or wire feedstock are evaluated to assess their capabilities for the manufacture of titanium alloy components. These processes include powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition metal additive processes as well as hybrid routes, which combine powder metallurgy with thermomechanical post-processing.
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Kasatkin, M. M., T. D. Kozhina, and M. M. Federov. "Additive Technologies in Airplane-Engine Manufacture." Russian Engineering Research 39, no. 3 (March 2019): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x19030110.

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Mcparland, Kyle, Zachary Larimore, Paul Parsons, Austin Good, John Suarez, and Mark Mirotznik. "Additive Manufacture of Custom Radiofrequency Connectors." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2021.3134603.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Additive manufacture"

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Aremu, Adedeji. "Topology optimization for additive manufacture." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12833.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a way to manufacture highly complex designs with potentially enhanced performance as it is free from many of the constraints associated with traditional manufacturing. However, current design and optimisation tools, which were developed much earlier than AM, do not allow efficient exploration of AM's design space. Among these tools are a set of numerical methods/algorithms often used in the field of structural optimisation called topology optimisation (TO). These powerful techniques emerged in the 1980s and have since been used to achieve structural solutions with superior performance to those of other types of structural optimisation. However, such solutions are often constrained during optimisation to minimise structural complexities, thereby, ensuring that solutions can be manufactured via traditional manufacturing methods. With the advent of AM, it is necessary to restructure these techniques to maximise AM's capabilities. Such restructuring should involve identification and relaxation of the optimisation constraints within the TO algorithms that restrict design for AM. These constraints include the initial design, optimisation parameters and mesh characteristics of the optimisation problem being solved. A typical TO with certain mesh characteristics would involve the movement of an assumed initial design to another with improved structural performance. It was anticipated that the complexity and performance of a solution would be affected by the optimisation constraints. This work restructured a TO algorithm called the bidirectional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) for AM. MATLAB and MSC Nastran were coupled to study and investigate BESO for both two and three dimensional problems. It was observed that certain parametric values promote the realization of complex structures and this could be further enhanced by including an adaptive meshing strategy (AMS) in the TO. Such a strategy reduced the degrees of freedom initially required for this solution quality without the AMS.
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Zhai, Yun. "Early cost estimation for additive manufacture." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7856.

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Additive Manufacture (AM) is a novel manufacturing method; it is a process of forming components by adding materials. Owing to material saving and manufacturing cost saving, more and more research has been focused on metal AM technologies. WAAM is one AM technology, using arc as the heat sources and wire as the material to create parts with weld beads on a layer-by-layer basis. The process can produce components in a wide range of materials, including aluminum, titanium and steel. High deposition rate, material saving and elimination of tooling cost are critical characteristics of the process. Cost estimation is important for all companies. The estimated results can be used as a datum to create a quote for customers or evaluate a quote from suppliers, an important consideration for the application of WAAM is its cost effectiveness compared with traditional manufacture methods. The aim of this research is to find a way to develop a cost estimating method capable of providing manufacturing cost comparison of WAAM with CNC. A cost estimation model for CNC machining has been developed. A process planning approach for WAAM was also defined as part of this research. An Excel calculation spreadsheet was also built and it can be easily used to estimate and compare manufacture cost of WAAM with CNC. Using the method developed in this research, the cost driver analysis of WAAM has been made. The result shows that reduced material cost is the biggest cost driver in WAAM. The cost comparison of WAAM and CNC also has been made and the results show that with the increase of buy-to-fly ratio WAAM is more economical than CNC machining.
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Capel, Andrew J. "Design and additive manufacture for flow chemistry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21613.

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This thesis aims to investigate the use of additive manufacturing (AM) as a novel manufacturing process for the production of milli-scale chemical reaction systems. Five well developed additive manufacturing techniques; stereolithography (SL), selective laser melting (SLM), fused deposition modelling (FDM), ultrasonic additive manufacture (UAM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) were used to manufacture a number of miniaturised flow devices which were tested using a range of organic and inorganic reactions. SL was used to manufacture a range of functioning milli-scale flow devices from Accura 60 photoresin, with both simple and complex internal channel networks. These devices were used to perform a range of organic and inorganic reactions, including aldehyde and ketone functional group interconversions. Conversion of products within these reactors, were shown to be comparable to commercially available milli-scale coil reactors. More complex designs, which allowed SL parts to be integrated to existing flow and analytical instrumentation, allowed us to develop an automated reaction analysis and optimisation platform. This platform allowed precise control over the reaction conditions, including flow rate, temperature and reagent composition. We also designed a simplex type reaction optimisation software package that could input data in the form of reaction conversions, peak intensities, and thermocouple data, and generate a new set of optimal reaction conditions. SL parts which incorporated embedded analytical components were also manufactured, which allowed us to perform inline reaction analysis as a feedback method for input into the optimisation platform. Stereolithography was shown to be a highly versatile manufacturing method for designing and producing these flow devices, however the process was shown to be still limited by the range of processable materials currently commercially available. SLM was also used to manufacture a number of functioning milli-scale flow devices from stainless steel and titanium, which had simplistic internal channel designs of diameters ranging from 1 to 3 mm. Again, SLM parts were manufactured which incorporated embedded analytical components, which could be integrated into an automated reaction platform. These devices, unlike parts produced via SL, could be attached to heating platforms to allow us to perform high temperature reactions. This control over the reaction temperature formed an essential part of the reaction optimisation platform. These parts were again used to perform a ketone functional group interconversion. Internal structures of these SLM parts were also visualised via micro computed tomography (μCT or microCT) scanning as well as optical microscopy. FDM was used throughout the project as an inexpensive method of prototyping parts which were to be manufactured via more expensive manufacturing processes. This prototyping allowed the optimisation of intricate design features, such as the manufacture of an inline spectroscopic flow cell for integration with a commercially available LC system. FDM was also proposed as a customisable approach to designing and manufacturing flow devices with embedded components, however the current limitations in build resolution and materials choices severely limited the use of FDM for this application. UAM was also proposed as a novel manufacturing process whereby the build process would allow discrete components to be embedded directly into a flow channel. This was demonstrated by embedding a type-k thermocouple across a 2 mm channel. The data from this thermocouple was monitored during a heated reaction, and used as a method of determining the exact reaction conditions the reaction medium was being exposed to. SLS was also proposed as a possible manufacturing method for milli-scale flow devices, however it proved difficult to remove un-sintered powder from parts with internal channel diameters as high as 5 mm. It was shown that this powder was forming a dense semi solid, due to the large degree of shrinkage upon cooling of the SLS parts, which was compressing the powder. More research into optimum processing conditions is required before SLS could be used for the production of intricate channel networks.
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Al, Mortadi Noor. "Computer Aided Design/Aided Manufacture/Additive Manufacturing applications in the manufacture of dental appliances." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/6527.

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Guerra, Sánchez Antonio. "Contribution to bioabsorbable stent manufacture with additive manufacturing technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667867.

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The main motivation of this work was to analyse the feasibility of the current stent’s manufacturing process to produce the new bioresorbable stents (BRS) as well as study new manufacturing methods. Fibre Laser Cutting (FLC) has been selected because is the current manufacturing process for stents, and 3D-Printing (3DP) because its capability to process different types of materials for medical applications and their economic aspects. Stents have been selected for being one of the most implanted biomedical device in the world. The thesis focuses on improve the bioresorbable stent’s manufacturing processes, establishing relationships between the process parameters and the key stent aspects, namely, precision, mechanical properties, and medical properties, and reduce the costs derived of the manufacturing process
La principal motivació d'aquest treball va ser analitzar la viabilitat del procés de fabricació de stent actual per produir els nous stents bioabsorbibles (SBA), així com estudiar noves maneres de fabricar-los. El tall làser de fibra (TLF) ha estat seleccionat perquè és el procés de fabricació actual per stents i L´impressió 3D (I3D) perquè té la capacitat de processar diferents tipus de materials per a aplicacions mèdiques i els seus aspectes econòmics. Stents ha estat seleccionat per ser un dels dispositius mèdics més implantats del món. La tesi es centra en la millora dels processos de fabricació de stent, establint relacions entre els paràmetres del procés i els aspectes clau de stent, precisió, propietats mecàniques i propietats mèdiques i reduir els costos derivats d'aquest procés de fabricació
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Donoghue, Jack. "Hybrid additive manufacture and deformation processing for large scale near-net shape manufacture of titanium aerospace components." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hybrid-additive-manufacture-and-deformation-processing-for-large-scale-nearnet-shape-manufacture-of-titanium-aerospace-components(5bb9e7db-824e-46e2-a832-c2780e15d6b8).html.

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The titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V has been favoured by the aerospace industry for the past several decades due to its good combination of specific mechanical properties, alongside corrosion and fatigue resistance. Titanium alloys are naturally suited to the near net shape processing technique of Additive Manufacture (AM) due to both the inherent high cost of the raw materials, and the difficulties associated with machining the alloys. Unfortunately, the combination of Ti-6Al-4V with AM has been found to lead to undesirable microstructures with respect to large columnar prior β grains being found to grow potentially across the entire height of builds. This microstructure has been shown to lead to property anisotropy and poor fatigue resistance. However, it has recently been found that the integration of an additional process step that lightly deforms the deposited material between added layers leads to the refinement of this undesirable microstructure. This work characterises the effect that two different deformation processing techniques have on two different additive manufacturing processes; the effect of peening on a laser-powder AM technique, and the effect of rolling on an electric arc-wire AM technique. In both cases far more randomly textured prior β grains were found with an average grain size of > 100 µm rather than mm long columnar grains with a common growth direction formed in the non-deformed builds. The refined β microstructure was found to lead to a reduction in texture of the room temperature alpha phase. The low stains involved (>10%) indicated that the refined grain structures did not form by traditional recrystallisation mechanisms. In-situ EBSD measurements at temperatures spanning the alpha → β phase transformation have been used to observe the growth of new β orientations from crystallographic twins in the deformed microstructure that may explain the origin of the refined grains. New β orientations were observed to grow from twinned alpha colonies and from between alpha laths, where the new β is found to grow sharing a twinning relationship with the residual β. Simulation of both of the individual processing steps under laboratory conditions has been found to successfully replicate the refinement observed in process. Orientation analysis suggests that twinning of the residual β could lead to the texture observed in the refined grains. It is therefore suggested that the refined grains are formed from β twinned regions in the deformed material growing under the alpha → β phase transformation, as the material is heated by the next added layer during AM.
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Ten, Jyi Sheuan. "High speed mask-less laser-controlled precision micro-additive manufacture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285409.

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A rapid, mask-less deposition technique for writing metal tracks has been developed. The technique was based on laser-induced chemical vapour deposition. The novelty in the technique was the usage of pulsed ultrafast lasers instead of continuous wave lasers in pyrolytic dissociation of the chemical precursor. The motivation of the study was that (1) ultrafast laser pulses have smaller heat affected zones thus the deposition resolution would be higher, (2) the ultrashort pulses are absorbed in most materials (including those transparent to the continuous wave light at the same wavelength) thus the deposition would be compatible with a large range of materials, and (3) the development of higher frequency repetition rate ultrafast lasers would enable higher deposition rates. A deposition system was set-up for the study to investigate the ultrafast laser deposition of tungsten from tungsten hexacarbonyl chemical vapour precursors. A 405 nm laser diode was used for continuous wave deposition experiments that were optimized to achieve the lowest track resistivity. These results were used for comparison with the ultrafast laser track deposition. The usage of the 405 nm laser diode was itself novel and beneficial due to the low capital and running cost, high wall plug efficiency, high device lifetime, and shallower optical penetration depth in silicon substrates compared to green argon ion lasers which were commonly used by other investigators. The lowest as-deposited track resistivity achieved in the continuous wave laser experiments on silicon dioxide coated silicon was 93±27 µΩ cm (16.6 times bulk tungsten resistivity). This deposition was done with a laser output power of 350 mW, scan speed of 10 µm/s, deposition pressure of 0.5 mBar, substrate temperature of 100 °C and laser spot size of approximately 7 µm. The laser power, scan speed, deposition pressure and substrate temperature were all optimized in this study. By annealing the deposited track with hydrogen at 650 °C for 30 mins, removal of the deposition outside the laser spot was achieved and the overall track resistivity dropped to 66±7 µΩ cm (11.7 times bulk tungsten resistivity). For ultrafast laser deposition of tungsten, spot dwell experiments showed that a thin film of tungsten was first deposited followed by quasi-periodic structures perpendicular to the linear polarization of the laser beam. The wavelength of the periodic structures was approximately half the laser wavelength (λ/2) and was thought to be formed due to interference between the incident laser and scattered surface waves similar to that in laser-induced surface periodic structures. Deposition of the quasi-periodic structures was possible on stainless steel, silicon dioxide coated silicon wafers, borosilicate glass and polyimide films. The thin-films were deposited when the laser was scanned at higher laser speeds such that the number of pulses per spot was lower (η≤11,000) and using a larger focal spot diameter of 33 µm. The lowest track resistivity for the thin-film tracks on silicon dioxide coated silicon wafers was 37±4 µΩ cm (6.7 times bulk tungsten resistivity). This value was achieved without post-deposition annealing and was lower than the annealed track deposited using the continuous wave laser. The ultrafast tungsten thin-film direct write technique was tested for writing metal contacts to single layer graphene on silicon dioxide coated silicon substrates. Without the precursor, the exposure of the graphene to the laser at the deposition parameters damaged the graphene without removing it. This was evidenced by the increase in the Raman D peak of the exposed graphene compared to pristine. The damage threshold was estimated to be 53±7 mJ/cm2 for a scanning speed of 500 µm/s. The deposition threshold of thin-film tungsten on graphene at that speed was lower at 38±8 mJ/cm2. However, no graphene was found when the deposited thin-film tungsten was dissolved in 30 wt% H2O2 that was tested to have no effect on the graphene for the dissolution time of one hour. The graphene likely reacted with the deposited tungsten to form tungsten carbide which was reported to dissolve in H2O2. Tungsten carbide was also found on the tungsten tracks deposited on reduced graphene oxide samples. The contact resistance between tungsten and graphene was measured by both transfer length and four-point probe method with an average value of 4.3±0.4 kΩ µm. This value was higher than reported values using noble metals such as palladium (2.8±0.4 kΩ µm), but lower than reported values using other metals that creates carbides such as nickel (9.3±1.0 kΩ µm). This study opened many potential paths for future work. The main issue to address in the tungsten ultrafast deposition was the deposition outside the laser spot. This prevented uniform deposition in successive tracks close to one another. The ultrafast deposition technique also needs verification using other precursors to understand the precursor requirements for this process. An interesting future study would be a combination with a sulphur source for the direct write of tungsten disulphide, a transition metal dichalcogenide that has a two-dimensional structure similar to graphene. This material has a bandgap and is sought after for applications in high-end electronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, energy harvesting, flexible electronics, DNA sequencing and personalized medicine. Initial tests using sulphur micro-flakes on silicon and stainless-steel substrates exposed to the tungsten precursor and ultrafast laser pulses produced multilayer tungsten disulphide as verified in Raman measurements.
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Eshraghi, Shaun. "Additive manufacture of tissue engineering scaffolds for bone and cartilage." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54482.

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Bone and cartilage constructs are often plagued with mechanical failure, poor nutrient transport, poor tissue ingrowth, and necrosis of embedded cells. However, advances in computer aided design (CAD) and computational modeling enable the design of scaffolds with complex internal michroarchitectures and the a priori prediction of their transport and mechanical properties, such that the design of constructs satisfying the needs of the tissue environment can be optimized. The goal of this research is to investigate the capability of additive manufacturing technologies to create designed microarchitectured tissue engineering scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration. This goal will be achieved by pursuing the following two objectives: (1) the manufacture of bioresorbable thermoplastic scaffolds by selective laser sintering (SLS) (2) and the manufacture of hydrogel scaffolds by large area maskless photopolymerization (LAMP). SLS is a laser based additive manufacturing method in which an object is built layer-by-layer by fusing powdered material using a computer-controlled scanning laser. LAMP is a massively parallel ultraviolet curing-based process that can be used to create hydrogels from a photomonomer on a large-scale (558x558mm) while maintaining extremely high feature resolution (20µm). In this research, SLS is used to process polycaprolactone (PCL) and composites of PCL with hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone tissue engineering applications while LAMP is used to process polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) which can be used for hard and soft tissue applications.
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Perez, Kevin Blake. "Hybridization of PolyJet and Direct Write for the Direct Manufacture of Functional Electronics in Additively Manufactured Components." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76944.

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The layer-by-layer nature of additive manufacturing (AM) allows for access to the entire build volume of a component during manufacture including the internal structure. Voids are accessible during the build process and allow for components to be embedded and sealed with subsequently printed layers. This process, in conjunction with direct write (DW) of conductive materials, enables the direct manufacture of parts featuring embedded electronics, including interconnects and sensors. The scope of previous works in which DW and AM processes are combined has been limited to single material AM processes. The PolyJet process is assessed for hybridization with DW because of its multi-material capabilities. The PolyJet process is capable of simultaneously depositing different materials, including rigid and elastomeric photopolymers, which enables the design of flexible features such as membranes and joints. In this work, extrusion-based DW is integrated with PolyJet AM technology to explore opportunities for embedding conductive materials on rigid and elastomeric polymer substrates. Experiments are conducted to broaden the understanding of how silver-loaded conductive inks behave on PolyJet material surfaces. Traces of DuPont 5021 conductive ink as small as 750?m wide and 28?m tall are deposited on VeroWhite+ and TangoBlack+ PolyJet material using a Nordson EFD high-precision fluid dispenser. Heated drying at 55°C is found to accelerate material drying with no significant effect on the conductor's geometry or conductivity. Contact angles of the conductive ink on PolyJet substrates are measured and exhibit a hydrophilic interaction, indicating good adhesion. Encapsulation is found to negatively impact conductivity of directly written conductors when compared to traces deposited on the surface. Strain sensing components are designed to demonstrate potential and future applications.
Master of Science
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Aboulkhair, Nesma T. "Additive manufacture of an aluminium alloy : processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31152/.

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Additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys using selective laser melting (SLM) is of research interest nowadays because of its potential benefits in industry sectors such as aerospace and automotive. However, in order to demonstrate the credibility of aluminium SLM for industrial needs, a comprehensive understanding of the interrelation between the process parameters, produced microstructure, and mechanical behaviour is still needed. This thesis aims at contributing to developing this comprehensive understanding through studying the various aspects of the process, with investigation of the powder raw material to the near fully dense samples, focussing on the alloy AlSi10Mg. The primary building blocks in the SLM process are the single tracks. Their formation is affected by the physical properties of the material that control the laser-material interactions. Keyhole mode melting was found to be dominant when processing AlSi10Mg, producing conical-shaped melt pools. Porosity was not evident in single tracks and individual layers. Satellites and balling defects, however, were observed on top of the tracks and layers at higher scan speeds, which contribute to porosity formation with layer progression. The combination of process parameters controls the amount of porosity formed, with the scan speed controlling the type of pore; metallurgical or keyhole pore. A pre-melt scan strategy significantly reduced porosity and successfully produced 99.8% dense samples. Furthermore, the pre-melt scan strategy was seen to effectively reduce the number of pores developed when using powder that does not fully comply with the process standards. The gas flow rate within the process chamber controlled laser spatter and condensate removal during processing, which in its turn affected the degree of porosity in the samples. The SLM process resulted in an AlSi10Mg alloy with a characteristically fine microstructure, with fine equiaxed grains at the melt pool core and coarser elongated grains at the boundary. The material showed a strong texture, owing to directional solidification. Cellular dendritic Al with inter-dendritic Si was observed. The material was subjected to a T6 heat treatment that transformed the microstructure into spheroids of Si in the Al matrix. This study investigated, for the first time, the local mechanical properties within the SLM material using nanoindentation. This showed a uniform nano-hardness profile that was attributed to the fine microstructure and good dispersion of the alloying elements. Spatial variation within the material was recorded after the T6 heat treatment due to phase transformation. This study is also the first to report on the compressive behaviour of solid SLM material, which is important for developing prediction and simulation models. The heat treatment softened the material and provided it with an increased ductility under indentation, tensile, and compressive types of loading. In addition, the material showed good fatigue performance, which was further improved by heat treatment and machining to obtain a smoother surface roughness. This investigation has, therefore, developed an understanding of the various aspects of the SLM process yielding near fully dense parts and defined the microstructure-mechanical property interrelation promoting the process for Al alloys in a number of industrial sectors.
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Books on the topic "Additive manufacture"

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Shamsaei, Nima, Steve Daniewicz, Nik Hrabe, Stefano Beretta, Jess Waller, and Mohsen Seifi, eds. Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Parts. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1620-eb.

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Shamsaei, Nima, and Mohsen Seifi, eds. Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials & Parts. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1631-eb.

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Kramer, Sharlotte L. B., and Rachael Tighe, eds. Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59864-8.

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Tighe, Rachael C., John Considine, Sharlotte L. B. Kramer, and Tom Berfield, eds. Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17475-9.

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Kramer, Sharlotte L. B., Rachael Tighe, Ming-Tzer Lin, Cosme Furlong, and Chi-Hung Hwang, eds. Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies, Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, and Advancements in Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation, Volume 4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86745-4.

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Kokin, Andrey, I. V. Latyshov, and P. Giverc. The current state and problems of identification in forensic ballistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1873043.

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The monograph presents the modern concept of identification of firearms. The processes of weapons production necessitated adjustments to the traditional foundations of forensic ballistic identification, and a third group, subclass (subgroup) signs, is included in the binary system of general and particular signs of traces. An analysis of the modern practice of identifying firearms shows that the main obstacles in this process are subclass characteristics and prejudice. The first are related to the manufacture of parts and parts of weapons, and prejudice is associated with the subjective interpretation by an expert of the results of comparing signs in traces, which underlies the formation of conclusions of a comparative study. In addition, currently an urgent task is to confirm the ability of a qualified expert to draw reliable conclusions on identification. For students, cadets, trainees, postgraduates, adjuncts and teachers of the faculties of training forensic experts, as well as practitioners in the field of forensic ballistics and anyone interested in this branch of knowledge.
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Taillandier, Georges, and Alain Bernard. Additive Manufacturing. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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Precision Additive Metal Manufacturing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Liu, David, Adedeji Bodunde Badiru, and Vhance V. Valencia. Additive Manufacturing Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Seifi, Mohsen, Nima Shamsaei, and ASTM International Staff. Progress in Additive Manufacturing 2020. American Society for Testing & Materials, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Additive manufacture"

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Gibson, Ian, David Rosen, and Brent Stucker. "Applications for Additive Manufacture." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 451–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3_19.

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Gibson, Ian, David W. Rosen, and Brent Stucker. "Medical Applications for Additive Manufacture." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 400–414. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1120-9_15.

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Yudina, A. F., D. A. Zhivotov, and Yu I. Tilinin. "Additive Technologies for Manufacture of Formwork." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 311–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99877-6_37.

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Yin, Shuo, Barry Aldwell, and Rocco Lupoi. "Cold Spray Additive Manufacture and Component Restoration." In Cold-Spray Coatings, 195–224. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67183-3_6.

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Mehnen, J., J. Ding, H. Lockett, and P. Kazanas. "Design for Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacture." In Global Product Development, 721–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15973-2_73.

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Bhandari, Sunil, Roberto A. Lopez-Anido, Felipe Saavedra Rojas, and Alan LeBihan. "Design and Manufacture of Precast Concrete Formworks Using Polymer Extrusion-Based Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing and Postprocessing." In Progress in Additive Manufacturing 2021, 1–13. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp164420210120.

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Wei, Yimeng, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu, Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova. "Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 286–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27.

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AbstractThere are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_Programmable Water-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
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Wie-Addo, G., A. H. Jones, S. Palmer, V. Starinieri, J. Renshaw, and P. A. Bingham. "Reformulating Ceramic Body Composition to Improve Energy Efficiency in Brick Manufacture." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 257–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_32.

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AbstractThe influence of inorganic minerals (colemanite and nepheline syenite) as additives for sustainable clay brick manufacture has been examined. Each additive was added at 4 wt% to 96 wt% brick clay and samples were fired to 950 °C and 1040 °C and then compared with samples of 100% brick clay. Multiple analytical techniques (X-ray fluorescence, dilatometry, boiling water absorption, volumetric shrinkage, and mercury porosimetry) were used for analysis. Dilatometry shows that the additives influenced the temperature at which shrinkage began and the extent of that shrinkage. The use of colemanite reduced the temperature at which the shrinkage began by 120 °C and nepheline syenite reduced it by 20 °C. A linear shrinkage in dilatometry of 1% (from the maximum expanded length) was achieved at 1000 °C for 100% clay, 875 °C for colemanite additions and 970 °C for nepheline syenite additions. However, for samples fired at 1040 °C for 2 h colemanite containing samples had significantly lower volumetric shrinkage and higher water absorption than 100% clay and nepheline syenite samples, suggesting the presence of higher amounts of open porosity caused by the decomposition of the colemanite on heating. Samples containing nepheline syenite had a lower volumetric shrinkage but also a marginally lower water absorption than the 100% clay. The further optimisation of these or similar additives could potentially provide energy saving opportunities and reductions in CO2 emissions for brick manufacturers.
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Artioli, Barbara Olivetti, Maria Elizete Kunkel, and Segundo Nilo Mestanza. "Feasibility Study of a Methodology Using Additive Manufacture to Produce Silicone Ear Prostheses." In IFMBE Proceedings, 211–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_38.

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Watson, Jason, Nadine Hachach-Haram, Niall Kirkpatrick, and Dilip Srinivasan. "3D Imaging, 3D Printing and Additive Manufacture in Complex Reconstruction and Craniofacial Surgery Planning." In Head and Neck Imaging, 403–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80897-6_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Additive manufacture"

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Romero, Rodrigo, Claysson Vimieiro, Valéria Lopes, Mirella Gibson, Paulo Reis, and Thiago Barrioni. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL HAND PROSTHESES MANUFACTURED BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0389.

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Marsden, R. Lawrence Ives David, Tim Horn, Chris Rock, Harvey West, and Chris Ledford. "Additive Manufacture of RF Sources." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops35962.2018.9575568.

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Esfahani, M. R. Nekouie, M. P. Shuttleworth, R. A. Harris, R. W. Kay, V. Doychinov, I. D. Robertson, J. Marques-Hueso, T. D. A. Jones, A. Ryspayeva, and M. P. Y. Desmulliez. "Hybrid Additive Manufacture of Conformal Antennas." In 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws-amp.2018.8457128.

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Ives, Lawerence, Thuc Bui, David Marsden, Geroge Collins, Tim Horn, Chris Ledford, and Jeff Neilson. "Additive Manufacture of RF Loads for ITER." In 2020 IEEE 21st International Conference on Vacuum Electronics (IVEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivec45766.2020.9520466.

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Yang, Liu, Yang Yongqiang, Yang Xiongwen, Wang Di, and Xiao Zefeng. "Direct Manufacture of Non-Assembly Mechanism by Selective Laser Melting." In 1st International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-0446-3_074.

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Martín-Pérez, Celia, Daniel Rodriguez-Del Rosario, Elena Rodríguez-Senín, and Noelia González-Castro. "Fused Granulated Fabrication (FGF) Processing Study for Novel sCF/LMPAEK Recycled Material to Manufacture Aeronautic Structural Parts." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-93890.

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Abstract ECO-CLIP has developed a novel recycled 40wt% short CF/LMPAEK material from factory scrap that has been used to manufacture aircraft structural parts using injection molding (IM), the conventional manufacturing process, and fussed granulated fabrication (FGF) as an alternative one. In this sense, a technical study of the material processability has been made for FGF. The most important results are presented in this work, such as fiber breakage, carbon fiber percentage after and before processing, thermal behavior and thermal induce history, and mechanical properties such as compression, tensile and flexural behavior Three different nozzle diameters (0.8, 1.2, and 1.5mm) were used to ensure processability, mechanical requirements, and physical performance. Carrying out a direct comparison with the results achieved by IM. Other PAEKs have been processed by FGF or traditional fused filament fabrication (FFF) for comparative purposes.
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Pereira, Juan Carlos, Fidel Zubiri, David Aguilar, Maria Del Carmen Taboada, Gaylord Guillonneau, and Jerome Rocchi. "Development of a New Manufacturing Route by Direct Laser Metal Deposition With NiCrSiFeB Alloys to Replace Cobalt in Aeronautical Components." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-91705.

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Abstract Nickel-based NiCrSiFeB alloy (Ni-Cr-Si-B self-fluxing family) are excellent candidates for replacing Cobalt-based alloys in aeronautical components such as sealing rings, valve seats, sliding bearing seats, etc. In this type of components, commonly manufactured by centrifugal casting and conventional processes, high temperature wear and stiffness under complex thermo-mechanical stresses cause lack of sealing and an increase in the wear rate. Metal additive manufacturing by direct laser metal deposition with powder (p-LMD) is presented as a potential manufacturing route for the complex processing of this type of alloys. This research work deals with the development of a new manufacturing route using p-LMD that ranges from the proper selection of the chemical composition for the starting powders, the development of the LMD process parameters to tackle the challenges associated to the wide solidification range and crack susceptibility of Ni-Cr-Si-B alloys, its monitoring and control, as well as the post-processing required to achieve the manufacture of aeronautical components. In this work, the porosity analysis, as-built microstructure, hardness at room temperature and at high temperature, and the strengthening mechanisms have been studied in cylinders manufactured with different chemical composition grades and LMD process parameter sets (slow, normal and fast deposition speed).
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Nelaturi, Saigopal, Walter Kim, Arvind Rangarajan, and Tolga Kurtoglu. "Manufacturability Feedback and Model Correction for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34222.

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Additive manufacturing, or 3d printing, is the process of building three dimensional solid shapes by accumulating material laid out in sectional layers. Additive manufacturing has been recognized for enabling production of complex custom parts that are difficult to manufacture otherwise. However, the dependence on build orientation and physical limitations of printing processes invariably lead to geometric deviations between manufactured and designed shapes that are usually evaluated after manufacture. In this paper, we formalize the measurement of such deviations in terms of a printability map that simulates the printing process and partitions each printed layer into disjoint regions with distinct local measures of size. We show that manufacturing capabilities such as printing resolution, and material specific design recommendations such as minimal feature sizes may be coupled in the printability map to evaluate expected deviations before manufacture. Furthermore, we demonstrate how partitions with size measures below required resolutions may be modified using properties of the medial axis transform, and use the corrected printability map to construct a representation of the manufactured model. We conclude by discussing several applications of the printability map for additive manufacturing.
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Zhu, Zicheng, Vimal Dhokia, Stephen T. Newman, and Chee Kai Chua. "Application of a Hybrid Process for Precision Manufacture of Complex Components." In 1st International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-0446-3_020.

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Mireles, Omar. "Additive Manufacture of Refractory Metals for Aerospace Applications." In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3234.

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Reports on the topic "Additive manufacture"

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Woodruff, Simon, Carlos Romero-Talamas, and Setthivoine You. Additive Manufacture of Plasma Diagnostic Components Final Report Phase II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1433180.

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Sharon, John, Ranadip Acharya, Alexander Staroselsky, Luke Borkowski, Anthony Ventura, Paul Attridge, and Brian Fisher. Computational Tools for Additive Manufacture of Tailored Microstructure and Properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1804483.

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Post, Brian K., Phillip C. Chesser, Randall F. Lind, Matthew R. Sallas, and Lonnie J. Love. Feasibility of using Big Area Additive Manufacturing to Directly Manufacture Boat Molds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1427645.

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Love, Lonnie. Utility of Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) For The Rapid Manufacture of Customized Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209199.

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Slattery, Kevin T. Unsettled Aspects of the Digital Thread in Additive Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021026.

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In the past years, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” has transitioned from rapid prototyping to making parts with potentially long service lives. Now AM provides the ability to have an almost fully digital chain from part design through manufacture and service. Web searches will reveal many statements that AM can help an organization in its pursuit of a “digital thread.” Equally, it is often stated that a digital thread may bring great benefits in improving designs, processes, materials, operations, and the ability to predict failure in a way that maximizes safety and minimizes cost and downtime. Now that the capability is emerging, a whole series of new questions begin to surface as well: •• What data should be stored, how will it be stored, and how much space will it require? •• What is the cost-to-benefit ratio of having a digital thread? •• Who owns the data and who can access and analyze it? •• How long will the data be stored and who will store it? •• How will the data remain readable and usable over the lifetime of a product? •• How much manipulation of disparate data is necessary for analysis without losing information? •• How will the data be secured, and its provenance validated? •• How does an enterprise accomplish configuration management of, and linkages between, data that may be distributed across multiple organizations? •• How do we determine what is “authoritative” in such an environment? These, along with many other questions, mark the combination of AM with a digital thread as an unsettled issue. As the seventh title in a series of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports on AM, this report discusses what the interplay between AM and a digital thread in the mobility industry would look like. This outlook includes the potential benefits and costs, the hurdles that need to be overcome for the combination to be useful, and how an organization can answer these questions to scope and benefit from the combination. This report, like the others in the series, is directed at a product team that is implementing AM. Unlike most of the other reports, putting the infrastructure in place, addressing the issues, and taking full advantage of the benefits will often fall outside of the purview of the product team and at the higher organizational, customer, and industry levels.
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Kudin, Roman, Prabhat Chand, and Anura Bakmeedeniya. Mitigating Nitrogen Oxides Exhaust Emissions from Petrol Vehicles by Application of a Fuel Additive. Unitec ePress, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.083.

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This research has been commissioned by Eco Fuel Global Limited, a New Zealand-based company, to further evaluate the effects of their fuel-additive product on the tailpipe exhaust emissions of petrol cars. At the time this research was conducted (end of 2018), the product was still in development and had not been released to the market. Prior to the testing in this research, an initial pilot test was done for the same product on a single car (Nissan Pulsar 1998), which showed favourable results, with a reduction in hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen at the tailpipe by more than 70%. The current research included five test cars, all running on RON 95 fuel, with the years of manufacture ranging between 1994 and 2006, and the odometer readings between 112,004 km and 264,001 km. The effects of the fuel-additive product were assessed by comparing the emissions from a car running on standard fuel with the emissions from the same car after it completed a road run (250±20 km) on the additive-treated fuel. The exhaust emissions were measured using the AVL series 4000 Emission Tester, which analyses five components: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), hydrocarbons (HC) and oxygen (O2). The most noticeable outcome of using the fuel-additive product was the reduction in the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the tailpipe exhaust (by up to 27.7%), when compared with the same cars running on standard fuel. In addition, the results showed a decrease in residual oxygen concentration, which normally indicates more complete utilisation of O2 as an oxidising agent. Mitigating Nitrogen Oxides Exhaust Emissions from Petrol Vehicles by Application of a Fuel Additive Dr Roman Kudin, Prabhat Chand and Anura Bakmeedeniya 2 The changes for other emission parameters were either relatively small (below 1%) or were not statistically significant. The application of such fuel-additive products could be beneficial for mitigating nitrogen oxides exhaust emissions from petrol vehicles in countries with ageing car fleets. These include New Zealand, which has a relatively high proportion of old cars in use, with no government-run scrappage scheme, and without a mandatory objective emissions testing.
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Post, Brian, Halil Tekinalp, Alex Roschli, Peter Wang, and Celeste Atkins. Additively Manufactured Power Poles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1778089.

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Dehoff, Ryan R., Ed Hummelt, and Lyudmila Solovyeva. Feasibility and Testing of Additive Manufactured Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326514.

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Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan, Steven Campbell, Mariko Shirazi, Sudipta Chakraborty, Akanksha Singh, Kumaraguru Prabakar, and Colin Tombari. Additively Manufactured Photovoltaic Inverter (AMPVI). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1606907.

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Trublowski, John. Additively Manufactured Solid-State Luminaire. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1835319.

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