Academic literature on the topic 'Additive mapping'
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Journal articles on the topic "Additive mapping"
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Cho, Young-Sun, and Hark-Mahn Kim. "Stability of Functional Inequalities with Cauchy-Jensen Additive Mappings." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2007 (2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/89180.
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We investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional inequalities associated with Cauchy-Jensen additive mappings. As a result, we obtain that if a mapping satisfies the functional inequalities with perturbation which satisfies certain conditions, then there exists a Cauchy-Jensen additive mapping near the mapping.
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Bodaghi, Abasalt, Idham Arif Alias, Lida Mousavi, and Sedigheh Hosseini. "Characterization and Stability of Multimixed Additive-Quartic Mappings: A Fixed Point Application." Journal of Function Spaces 2021 (November 11, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943199.
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In this article, we introduce the multi-additive-quartic and the multimixed additive-quartic mappings. We also describe and characterize the structure of such mappings. In other words, we unify the system of functional equations defining a multi-additive-quartic or a multimixed additive-quartic mapping to a single equation. We also show that under what conditions, a multimixed additive-quartic mapping can be multiadditive, multiquartic, and multi-additive-quartic. Moreover, by using a fixed point technique, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of multimixed additive-quartic functional equations thus generalizing some known results.
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Rubin, Katy J., Gunnar Pruessner, and Grigorios A. Pavliotis. "Mapping multiplicative to additive noise." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 47, no. 19 (2014): 195001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/47/19/195001.
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Matos, Florinda, and Celeste Jacinto. "Additive manufacturing technology: mapping social impacts." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 30, no. 1 (2019): 70–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2017-0263.
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Purpose Recent developments in additive manufacturing (AM) technology have emphasized the issue of social impacts. However, such effects are still to be determined. So, the purpose of this paper is to map the social impacts of AM technology. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach applied in this study combines a literature review with computer-aided content analysis to search for keywords related to social impacts. The content analysis technique was used to identify and count the relevant keywords in academic documents associated with AM social impacts. Findings The study found that AM technology social impacts are still in an exploratory phase. Evidence was found that several social challenges of AM technology will have an influence on the society. The topics associated with fabrication, customization, sustainability, business models and work emerged as the most relevant terms that can act as “pointers” to social impacts. Research limitations/implications The research on this subject is strongly conditioned by the scarcity of empirical experience and, consequently, by the scarcity of data and publications on the topic. Originality/value This study gives an up-to-date contribution to the topic of AM social impacts, which is still little explored in the literature. Moreover, the methodological approach used in this work combines bibliometrics with computer-aided content analysis, which also constitutes a contribution to support future literature reviews in any field. Overall, the results can be used to improve academic research in the topic and promote discussion among the different social actors.
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Bland, Stewart, and Brett Conner. "Mapping out the additive manufacturing landscape." Metal Powder Report 70, no. 3 (2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2014.12.052.
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Dey, K. K., and A. C. Paul. "On the Trace of a Permuting Tri-additive Mapping in Left sγ-unital Γ-rings." Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (2011): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7278.
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Let M be 2 and 3 torsion-free left sΓ-unital Γ-rings. Let D: M ×M ×M ® M be a permuting tri-additive mapping with the trace d(x) = D(x,x,x). Let σ: M ® M be an endomorphism and τ: M ® M an epimorphism. The objective of this paper is to prove the following: a) If d is (σ,τ)-skew commuting on M, then D = 0; b) If d is (τ,τ)-skew-centralizing on M, then d is (τ,τ)-commuting on M; c) If d is 2-(σ,τ)-commuting on M, then d is (σ,τ)-commuting on M.Keywords: Permuting tri-additive mappings; Skew-commuting mappings; Skew-centralizing mappings; Commuting mappings.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7278 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 331-337 (2011)
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Prieto Kullmer, Cesar N., Jacob A. Kautzky, Shane W. Krska, Timothy Nowak, Spencer D. Dreher, and David W. C. MacMillan. "Accelerating reaction generality and mechanistic insight through additive mapping." Science 376, no. 6592 (2022): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn1885.
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Reaction generality is crucial in determining the overall impact and usefulness of synthetic methods. Typical generalization protocols require a priori mechanistic understanding and suffer when applied to complex, less understood systems. We developed an additive mapping approach that rapidly expands the utility of synthetic methods while generating concurrent mechanistic insight. Validation of this approach on the metallaphotoredox decarboxylative arylation resulted in the discovery of a phthalimide ligand additive that overcomes many lingering limitations of this reaction and has important mechanistic implications for nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings.
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Galletti, Ardelio, and Antonio Maratea. "Mapping the reliability of the additive log-ratio transformation." International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions 7, no. 1 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijitst.2017.085736.
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Maratea, Antonio, and Ardelio Galletti. "Mapping the reliability of the additive log-ratio transformation." International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions 7, no. 1 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijitst.2017.10006659.
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French, J. L. "Generalized additive models for cancer mapping with incomplete covariates." Biostatistics 5, no. 2 (2004): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.177.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Additive mapping"
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Fisher, Brian A. "Part Temperature Effects in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1154.
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To ensure the widespread adoption of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, a complete understanding of the interactions between process variables is necessary. The process variables of beam power, beam velocity, deposition geometry, and beam diameter have been shown in prior works to have major effects on resultant melt pool and solidification characteristics, but this list is incomplete. Without accounting for part temperatures prior to deposition, unintended outcomes may result. In the current work, Ti-6Al-4V is studied in the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) processes to gain an in-depth understanding of how part temperature interactions with other process variables affect physical properties of the process such as melt pool size and variability, part distortion, porosity, and microstructural characteristics. This research is performed through a combination of finite element modelling, single melt track experiments, full part production, and in-situ monitoring in order to gain a full understanding of the underlying relationships between part temperature and part outcomes. In the Arcam Electron Beam Melting (EBM®) process, this knowledge is used to generate a feedback control strategy to constrain prior beta grain width to remain constant while part surface temperatures are allowed to vary. In the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process, deposition is investigated at elevated substrate temperatures and several findings show that unintended part temperature increases can lead to undesirable consequences while prescribed part temperature changes can increase the available processing window and allow for more uniform deposition. This work also shows that both global temperature changes due to substrate heating and local temperature changes due to the choice of scan strategy can be combined into one metric: the temperature encountered by the melt pool during deposition. A combination of destructive and non-destructive characterization methods are utilized to understand and measure the changes to the melt pool and microstructural development that are seen during deposition. The feasibility of using a commercial high speed camera as a tool for thermography is characterized and the ability to discern cooling rates and thermal gradients within and surrounding the melt pool provide validation for trends in melt pool properties generated from simulations. This work provides a greater understanding of the role of part temperature during deposition and presents methodologies to account for the changes to the melt pool and resultant part due to both prescribed and unintended temperature changes during deposition.
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Gockel, Joy E. "Integrated Control of Solidification Microstructure and Melt Pool Dimensions In Additive Manufacturing Of Ti - 6Al - 4V." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/374.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) offers reduced material waste and energy usage, as well as an increase in precision. Direct metal AM is used not only for prototyping, but to produce final production parts in the aerospace, medical, automotive and other industries. Process mapping is an approach that represents process outcomes in terms of process input variables. Solidification microstructure process maps are developed for single bead and thin wall deposits of Ti-6Al-4V via an electron beam wire feed and electron beam powder bed AM process. Process variable combinations yielding constant beta grain size and morphology are identified. Comparison with the process maps for melt pool geometry shows that by maintaining a constant melt pool cross sectional area, a constant grain size will also be achieved. Additionally, the grain morphology boundaries are similar to curves of constant melt pool aspect ratio. Experimental results are presented to support the numerical predictions and identify a proportional size scaling between beta grain widths and melt pool widths. Results demonstrate that in situ, indirect control of solidification microstructure is possible through direct melt pool dimension control. The ability to control solidification microstructure can greatly accelerate AM process qualification potentially allow for tailored microstructure to the desired application.
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Nagel, Mona. "Exploring digital innovations : mapping 3D printing within the textile and sportswear industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22000.
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Digital innovations are about to overtake the supply chain systems and revolutionize the way of producing products. With the use of technology in the value chain a sustainable development can be generated and developed. The usage of digital tools for manufacturing can minimize waste and further develop sustained processing. 3D printing is a technology that produces products by adding layer by layer of material. The additive manufacturing process theoretically produces no waste and aims for a sustainable and efficient processing. The textile and sportswear industry adopted this process for high fashion or functional performance products. Especially in the sportswear sector the process shows great potential. Brands like Adidas, Nike and Underarmour adopted the process in order to create midsoles for performance shoes. This research aims to identify the potential of 3D printing for the textile and sportswear industry. The purpose of this research is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing within the textile industry and sportswear value chain, to survey where are potential solutions to reduce waste. The qualitative research consists of a theoretical and empirical part. The study begins with a systematic literature review that presents the state of the art of 3D printing in the textile and sportswear industry. In order to add empirical data, interviews with five experts from academia and industry have been conducted. The experts work with 3D printing and three of them with 3D printing and textiles. The case study methodology was chosen in order to compare a small number of cases and their approaches. In order to answer the research questions, the empirical data was thematically analyzed and one overarching theme and seven sub themes emerged. The sub themes were compared to the effects and challenges of 3D printing for the textile and sportswear value chain that emerged from the literature review. The findings show that there are several advantages as design freedom and customization and disadvantages as slow production speed and costs. 3D printing is mostly used as an additional process when implementing the process in the textile and sportswear value chain.
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Scime, Luke Robson. "Methods for the Expansion of Additive Manufacturing Process Space and the Development of In-Situ Process Monitoring Methodologies." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1183.
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Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) promises an era of highly flexible part production, replete with unprecedented levels of design freedom and inherently short supply chains. But as AM transitions from a technology primarily used for prototyping to a viable manufacturing method, many challenges must first be met before these dreams can become reality. In order for machine users to continue pushing the design envelope, process space must be expanded beyond the limits currently recommended by the machine manufacturers. Furthermore, as usable process space expands and demands for reduced operator burden and mission-critical parts increase, in-situ monitoring of the processes will become a greater necessity. Processing space includes both the parameters (e.g. laser beam power and travel velocity) and the feedstock used to build a part. The correlation between process parameters and process outcomes such as melt pool geometry, melt pool variability, and defects should be understood by machine users to allow for increased design freedom and ensure part quality. In this work, an investigation of the AlSi10Mg alloy in a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process is used as a case study to address this challenge. Increasing the range (processing space) of available feedstocks beyond those vetted by the machine manufacturers has the potential to reduce costs and reassure industries sensitive to volatile global supply chains. In this work, four non-standard metal powders are successfully used to build parts in an L-PBF process. The build quality is compared to that of a standard powder (supplied by the machine manufacturer), and correlations are found between the mean powder particle diameters and as-built part quality. As user-custom parameters and feedstocks proliferate, an increased degree of process outcome variability can be expected, further increasing the need for non-destructive quality assurance and the implementation of closed-loop control schema. This work presents two Machine Learning-based Computer Vision algorithms capable of autonomously detecting and classifying anomalies during the powder spreading stage of L-PBF processes. While initially developed to serve as the monitoring component in a feedback control system, the final algorithm is also a powerful data analytics tool – enabling the study of build failures and the effects of fusion processing parameters on powder spreading. Importantly, many troubling defects (such as porosity) in AM parts are too small to be detected by monitoring the entire powder bed; for this reason, an autonomous method for detecting changes in melt pool morphology via a high speed camera is presented. Finally, Machine Learning techniques are applied to the in-situ melt pool morphology data to enable the study of melt pool behavior during fusion of non-bulk part geometries.
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Sheridan, Luke Charles. "An Adapted Approach to ProcessMapping Across Alloy Systems and Additive Manufacturing Processes." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1471861921.
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Gygi, Cameron Scott. "Crack Healing in 304L Stainless Steel Using Additive Manufacturing and Friction Stir Processing (FSP)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6530.
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Continuing an investigation on using FSP to heal stress corrosion cracks (SCC) in welds on nuclear reactors, this study seeks to use AM in addition to FSP to aid crack repair. Previous studies address that current repair technology on nuclear reactors involves the use of TIG welding which can allow helium atoms to aggregate and form voids at the grain boundaries. This weakens the material and renders the repair ineffective. Another previous study evaluated the effectiveness of FSP alone in repairing SCC which did have defects depending on the parameters used during FSP. This study evaluated the use of AM in addition to FSP. Literature is available on FSP and AM separately and literature is available on technologies that used both them together. However, the current processes that are available that use both AM and FSP can be expensive and may be impractical for some purposes. This study shows a new process that is both less expensive and more practical in SCC repair. Initial proof of concept trials was performed on 1018 mild steel using both wire fed additive and insert additive technologies. A slot would be removed and filled in with an additive process and processed using FSP. Because of poor repeatability, substantial distortion, and voids present this study went forward using insert technologies in further experiments rather than wire wed additive technologies. In addition, the depth and width of the insert or area where the added material would be placed was varied in initial trails. Tensile testing was performed on initial steel trials and the stainless steel experiments and it demonstrated a correlation between depth of the added material and the tensile strength. Micro-hardness mapping performed on initial steel trials also showed hardening in the FSP stir zone. Three-point bend tests were performed to show that an existing crack underneath the FSP zone would not propagate through the nugget. All evaluations supported a substantial increase in yield strength increased after FSP.
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Lindell, David. "Process Mapping for Laser Metal Deposition of Wire using Thermal Simulations : A prediction of material transfer stability." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85474.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a quickly rising method of manufacturing due to its ability to increase design freedom. This allows the manufacturing of components not possible by traditional subtractive manufacturing. AM can greatly reduce lead time and material waste, therefore decreasing the cost and environmental impact. The adoption of AM in the aerospace industry requires strict control and predictability of the material deposition to ensure safe flights. The method of AM for this thesis is Laser Metal Deposition with wire (LMD-w). Using wire as a feedstock introduces a potential problem, the material transfer from the wire to the substrate. This requires all process parameters to be in balance to produce a stable deposition. The first sign of unbalanced process parameters are the material transfer stabilities; stubbing and dripping. Stubbing occurs when the energy to melt the wire is too low and the wire melts slower than required. Dripping occurs when too much energy is applied and the wire melts earlier than required. These two reduce the predictability and stability that is required for robust manufacturing. Therefore, the use of thermal simulations to predict the material transfer stability for LMD-w using Waspaloy as the deposition material has been studied. It has been shown that it is possible to predict the material transfer stability using thermal simulations and criterions based on preexisting experimental data. The criterion for stubbing checks if the completed simulation result produces a wire that ends below the melt pool. For dripping two criterions shows good results, the dilution ratio is a good predictor if the tool elevation remains constant. If there is a change in tool elevation the dimensionless slenderness number is a better predictor. Using these predictive criterions it is possible to qualitatively map the process window and better understand the influence of tool elevation and the cross-section of the deposited material.<br>Additiv tillverkning (AT) är en kraftigt växande tillverkningsmetod på grund av sin flexibilitet kring design och möjligheten att skapa komponenter som inte är tillverkningsbara med traditionell avverkande bearbetning. AT kan kraftigt minska tid- och materialåtgång och på så sett minskas kostnader och miljöpåverkan. Införandet av AT i flyg- och rymdindustrin kräver strikt kontroll och förutsägbarhet av processen för att försäkra sig om säkra flygningar. Lasermetalldeponering av tråd är den AT metod som hanteras i denna uppsats. Användandet av tråd som tillsatsmaterial skapar ett potentiellt problem, materialöverföringen från tråden till substratet. Detta kräver att alla processparametrar är i balans för att få en jämn materialöverföring. Är processen inte balanserad syns detta genom materialöverföringsstabiliteterna stubbning och droppning. Stubbning uppkommer då energin som tillförs på tråden är för låg och droppning uppkommer då energin som tillförs är för hög jämfört med vad som krävs för en stabil process. Dessa två fenomen minskar möjligheterna för en kontrollerbar och stabil tillverkning. På grund av detta har användandet utav termiska simuleringar för att prediktera materialöverföringsstabiliteten för lasermetalldeponering av tråd med Waspaloy som deponeringsmaterial undersökts. Det har visat sig vara möjligt att prediktera materialöverföringsstabiliteten med användning av termiska simuleringar och kriterier baserat på tidigare experimentell data. Kriteriet för stubbning kontrolleras om en slutförd simulering resulterar i en tråd som når under smältan. För droppning finns två fungerande kriterier, förhållandet mellan svetshöjd och penetrationsdjup om verktygshöjden är konstant, sker förändringar i verktygshöjden är det dimensionslös ”slenderness” talet ett bättre kriterium. Genom att använda dessa kriterier är det möjligt att kvalitativt kartlägga processfönstret och skapa en bättre förståelse för förhållandet mellan verktygshöjden och den deponerade tvärsnittsarean.
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Serquera, Jaime. "Sound synthesis with cellular automata." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1189.
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This thesis reports on new music technology research which investigates the use of cellular automata (CA) for the digital synthesis of dynamic sounds. The research addresses the problem of the sound design limitations of synthesis techniques based on CA. These limitations fundamentally stem from the unpredictable and autonomous nature of these computational models. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to develop a sound synthesis technique based on CA capable of allowing a sound design process. A critical analysis of previous research in this area will be presented in order to justify that this problem has not been previously solved. Also, it will be discussed why this problem is worthwhile to solve. In order to achieve such aim, a novel approach is proposed which considers the output of CA as digital signals and uses DSP procedures to analyse them. This approach opens a large variety of possibilities for better understanding the self-organization process of CA with a view to identifying not only mapping possibilities for making the synthesis of sounds possible, but also control possibilities which enable a sound design process. As a result of this approach, this thesis presents a technique called Histogram Mapping Synthesis (HMS), which is based on the statistical analysis of CA evolutions by histogram measurements. HMS will be studied with four different automatons, and a considerable number of control mechanisms will be presented. These will show that HMS enables a reasonable sound design process. With these control mechanisms it is possible to design and produce in a predictable and controllable manner a variety of timbres. Some of these timbres are imitations of sounds produced by acoustic means and others are novel. All the sounds obtained present dynamic features and many of them, including some of those that are novel, retain important characteristics of sounds produced by acoustic means.
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Rosa, Alessandro Samuel. "Funções de predição espacial de propriedades do solo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5551.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The possibility of mapping soil properties using soil spatial prediction functions
(SSPFe) is a reality. But is it possible to SSPFe to estimate soil properties such as the particlesize
distribution (psd) in a young, unstable and geologically complex geomorphologic
surface? What would be considered a good performance in such situation and what
alternatives do we have to improve it? With the present study I try to find answers to such
questions. To do so I used a set of 339 soil samples from a small catchment of the hillslope
areas of central Rio Grande do Sul. Multiple linear regression models were built using landsurface
parameters (elevation, convergence index, stream power index). The SSPFe explained
more than half of data variance. Such performance is similar to that of the conventional soil
mapping approach. For some size-fractions the SSPFe performance can reach 70%. Largest
uncertainties are observed in areas of larger geological heterogeneity. Therefore, significant
improvements in the predictions can only be achieved if accurate geological data is made
available. Meanwhile, SSPFe built on land-surface parameters are efficient in estimating the
psd of the soils in regions of complex geology. However, there still are questions that I
couldn t answer! Is soil mapping important to solve the main social and environmental issues
of our time? What if our activities were subjected to a social control as in a direct democracy,
would they be worthy of receiving any attention?<br>A possibilidade de mapear as propriedades dos solos através do uso de funções de
predição espacial de solos (FPESe) é uma realidade. Mas seria possível construir FPESe para
estimar propriedades como a distribuição do tamanho de partículas do solo (dtp) em um
superfície geomorfológica jovem e instável, com elevada complexidade geológica e
pedológica? O que seria considerado um bom desempenho nessas condições e que
alternativas temos para melhorá-lo? Com esse trabalho tento encontrar respostas para essas
questões. Para isso utilizei um conjunto de 339 amostras de solo de uma pequena bacia
hidrográfica de encosta da região Central do RS. Modelos de regressão linear múltiplos foram
construídos com atributos de terreno (elevação, índice de convergência, índice de potência de
escoamento). As FPESe explicaram mais da metade da variância dos dados. Tal desempenho
é semelhante àquele da abordagem tradicional de mapeamento de solos. Para algumas frações
de tamanho o desempenho das FPESe pode chegar a 70%. As maiores incertezas ocorrem nas
áreas de maior heterogeneidade geológica. Assim, melhorias significativas nas predições
somente poderão ser alcançadas se dados geológicos acurados forem disponibilizados.
Enquanto isso, FPESe construídas a partir de atributos de terreno são eficientes em estimar a
dtp de solos de regiões com geologia complexa e elevada instabilidade. Mas restam dúvidas
que não consegui resolver! O mapeamento de solos é importante para a resolução dos
principais problemas sociais e ambientais do nosso tempo? E se nossas atividades estivessem
submetidas ao controle da população como em uma democracia direta, seriam elas dignas de
receber atenção?
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Oulton, David. "Selected papers on colorimetric theory and colour modeling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/selected-papers-on-colorimetric-theory-and-colour-modeling(e4f13600-5d8e-45a8-afce-846647130dfb).html.
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The annotated papers that are submitted as part of this thesis consider the phenomenon of colour at the fundamental, technical, and application levels, and they were written and published by Oulton between 1990 and 2009. The papers disclose significant insights by the author into colorimetric modeling theory and report aspects of the author's work that have led to commercially successful practical applications. The academic significance of these papers is evident in their citation record; their practical value is shown by a number of successful industrial collaboration programmes, and through the award of national prizes for innovation by the Worshipful Company of Dyers, and the Society of Dyers and Colorists. The published research primarily concerns digital devices that either capture or reproduce coloured images. For example, the research problem of how to calibrate the colour on computer CRT screens, which was thought at the time to be intractable, was reported by Oulton in paper 1 to be solved at the two to three significant figure level of colorimetric accuracy. This world leading level of accuracy was subsequently confirmed using a comprehensive data set in paper 7, and has been exploited internationally in commercial computer aided design and colour communication systems by Textile Computer Systems Ltd and Datacolor Inc. Further research problems resolved by Oulton in the presented papers include how to predict the colorimetric sensitivity of dye recipes; how to design, test, and fine-tune the spectral response of digital cameras; and how the individual customers in a shop can be tracked automatically to reveal their buying behavior, using coloured CCTV images.The challenge to the standard CIE colorimetric model posed by the results of Dr W.A. Thornton was analyzed and satisfactorily explained by Oulton in papers 2, 3 and 4. It is also shown that Thornton's results do not in any way compromise either the practice of colorimetry based on the CIE Standard Observer, or the validity of its quantifying data sets. It is also additionally shown under the annotation of paper 4 presented here, that the success of the CIE colorimetric model has a clearly demonstrable theoretical basis.In all but one of the presented papers the convention is maintained that the standard CIE XYZ co-ordinate model should be used as the reference basis, when modeling the properties of colour and quantifying its uses. The final paper to be published (and presented here as paper 4) challenges this convention and demonstrates that a context free and formally defined alternative reference basis may be used in colorimetric modeling with significant advantage. It is also shown in paper 4 that under the specified axioms, any cross dependency that is potentially non linear can in principle be resolved into its component scalar and additive relationships, and that the causes of scalar non linearity may be characterized independently from the causes of linearly additive cross dependency. The result is a widely applicable analytical and experimental design method for resolving complex cross dependent relationships in general and in particular, for resolving those between the spectral visual stimuli and the psychophysical response to them.
Books on the topic "Additive mapping"
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Loprieno, Donatella, and Nicola Fiorita, eds. La Libertà di manifestazione del pensiero e la libertà religiosa nelle società multiculturali. Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-842-0.
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The balancing of rights of equal status is a question widely debated in all modern legal systems, but the complexity of western societies – increasingly engaged with the interaction of different cultures and traditions – expands its quantitative and qualitative significance immeasurably. The purpose of this book is to appraise the potential intersection between two values that are crucial in every community: religious freedom and freedom of intellectual expression. Specialists in various areas of legal science have been asked to make their contributions on this question, the result of which is a precious mapping of the open issues, convincing solutions and suggestions generated by other legal experiences, in addition to the weaknesses that undermine the legal system in force.
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Bächtiger, André, and John Parkinson. Mapping and Measuring Deliberation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672196.001.0001.
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Deliberative democracy has challenged two widely accepted nostrums about democratic politics: that people lack the capacities for effective self-government; and that democratic procedures are arbitrary and do not reflect popular will; indeed, that the idea of popular will is itself illusory. On the contrary, deliberative democrats have shown that people are capable of being sophisticated, creative problem solvers, given the right opportunities in the right kinds of democratic institutions. But deliberative empirical research has its own problems. In this book two leading deliberative scholars review decades of that research and reveal three important issues. First, the concept ‘deliberation’ has been inflated so much as to lose empirical bite; second, deliberation has been equated with entire processes of which it is just one feature; and third, such processes are confused with democracy in a deliberative mode more generally. In other words, studies frequently apply micro-level tools and concepts to make macro- and meso-level judgements, and vice versa. Instead, Bächtiger and Parkinson argue that deliberation must be understood as contingent, performative, and distributed. They argue that deliberation needs to be disentangled from other communicative modes; that appropriate tools need to be deployed at the right level of analysis; and that scholars need to be clear about whether they are making additive judgements or summative ones. They then apply that understanding to set out a new agenda and new empirical tools for deliberative empirical scholarship at the micro, meso, and macro levels.
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El-Sharif, Ahmad. The Muslim Prophetic Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0011.
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This chapter surveys the major conceptual metaphorical source domains in the Prophet Muhammad’s Tradition and their mappings with reference to Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The Prophetic discourse makes great use of metaphors whose source domains vary considerably. These metaphors are systematically classified in particular spatial domains. In addition, the Prophetic metaphors show considerable discrepancy in terms of their degree of generality and specificity: many metaphoric schemas are generic in their mapping, while a large number are very specific in their mapping. Furthermore, the majority of the Prophetic metaphors are common, due to the ontological and structural functions of most of the Prophetic metaphors. This can be attributed to the fact that Islamic religious discourse is packed with abstract notions, and metaphorical language is the most accessible method of conceptualising and facilitating the understanding of such religious abstraction.
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Fabbrini, Federico. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811763.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the book by mapping out the key issues, including the background and the events leading up to the referendum vote on June 23, 2016, which are then examined in depth in the remaining chapters. Specifically, it sets the context of the June 2016 Brexit referendum, analyzes the follow-up to the referendum and the ensuing litigation, discusses the UK notification of withdrawal in March 2017, and examines the start of the negotiations between the UK and the EU in June 2017 and its uncertainties. In addition, the chapter explains the book’s structure and outlines the content of the other chapters of this volume.
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Davis, John C., and Ute Christina Herzfeld, eds. Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.001.0001.
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This volume vividly demonstrates the importance and increasing breadth of quantitative methods in the earth sciences. With contributions from an international cast of leading practitioners, chapters cover a wide range of state-of-the-art methods and applications, including computer modeling and mapping techniques. Many chapters also contain reviews and extensive bibliographies which serve to make this an invaluable introduction to the entire field. In addition to its detailed presentations, the book includes chapters on the history of geomathematics and on R.G.V. Eigen, the "father" of mathematical geology. Written to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, the book will be sought after by both practitioners and researchers in all branches of geology.
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Trotter, Henry, Catherine Kell, Michelle Willmers, Eve Gray, and Thomas K. C. King. Seeking Impact and Visibility: Scholarly Communication in Southern Africa. African Minds, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-1-920677-51-0.
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African scholarly research is relatively invisible globally because even though research production on the continent is growing in absolute terms, it is falling in comparative terms. In addition, traditional metrics of visibility, such as the Impact Factor, fail to make legible all African scholarly production. Many African universities also do not take a strategic approach to scholarly communication to broaden the reach of their scholars'work. To address this challenge, the Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCAP) was established to help raise the visibility of African scholarship by mapping current research and communication practices in Southern African universities and by recommending and piloting technical and administrative innovations based on open access dissemination principles. To do this, SCAP conducted extensive research in four faculties at the Universities of Botswana, Cape Town, Mauritius and Namibia.
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Cahill, Thomas J., and Paul R. Riley. Epicardial and coronary vascular development. Edited by Miguel Torres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0009.
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The coronary circulation is essential for human life. In embryonic development, abnormal formation of the coronary vasculature can cause death in utero or after birth. In adulthood, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the commonest cause of death worldwide. The last decade has witnessed significant strides forward in our understanding of coronary development. Multiple sources of coronary endothelial cells have been identified using genetic tools for fate mapping. The epicardium, the outermost layer of the developing heart, has emerged as both a source of cell progenitors and key signalling mediators. Knowledge of the specific genes underlying formation, function, and heterogeneity of the epicardium is expanding. Significant challenges remain, however, in understanding the spatiotemporal signalling patterns required for organized migration, differentiation, and patterning of the vasculature. In addition, dissecting how coronary development is perturbed in patients with congenital coronary anomalies is a major ongoing focus of research.
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Collier, David, Jody Laporte, and Jason Seawright. Typologies: Forming Concepts and Creating Categorical Variables. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0007.
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This article describes the categories and typologies as an optic for looking at concept formation and measurement. It also provides an overview of the multiple contributions of typologies and presents numerous examples from diverse subfields of political science. It gives a framework for working with multidimensional typologies, outlining the building blocks of typologies, and illustrating how the cell types constitute categorical variables. In addition, the role of typologies in concept formation, the source of the concepts and terms in the cells of the typology, and the role of ideal types are explained. Finally, it explores the contribution of typologies to mapping empirical and theoretical change and to structuring comparison in empirical analysis. It suggests norms for the careful use of typologies. Among the guidelines for careful work with typologies, a significant priority to keep clearly in view is their contribution to wider goals of formulating and evaluating explanatory claims.
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Jiménez, Catalina, Julen Requejo, Miguel Foces, Masato Okumura, Marco Stampini, and Ana Castillo. Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003237.
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Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.
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Oswald, Laura R. Doing Semiotics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822028.001.0001.
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Structural semiotics is a hybrid of communication science and anthropology that accounts for the deep cultural codes that structure communication and sociality, endow things with value, move us through constructed space, and moderate our encounters with change. Doing Semiotics: A Research Guide for Marketers at the Edge of Culture, shows readers how to leverage these codes to solve business problems, foster innovation, and create meaningful experiences for consumers. In addition to the basic principles and methods of applied semiotics, the book introduces the reader to branding basics, strategic decision-making, and cross-cultural marketing management. The guide can be used to supplement my previous books, Marketing Semiotics (2012) and Creating Value (2015), with practical exercises, examples, extended team projects and evaluation criteria. The work guides students through the application of learnings to all phases of semiotics-based projects for communications, brand equity management, design strategy, new product development, and public policy management. In addition to grids and tables for sorting data and mapping cultural dimensions of a market, the book includes useful interview protocols for use in focus groups, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic studies. Each chapter also includes expert case studies and essays from the perspectives of Marcel Danesi, Rachel Lawes, Christian Pinson, Laura Santamaria, and Laura Oswald.
Book chapters on the topic "Additive mapping"
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Ceccarelli, M., A. Petrosino, and R. Tagliaferri. "Dynamics and Associative Mapping in Additive Systems." In International Neural Network Conference. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0643-3_161.
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Najati, Abbas. "On the Stability of an Additive Mapping." In Springer Optimization and Its Applications. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3498-6_30.
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Tesfa, T. K., D. G. Tarboton, D. G. Chandler, and J. P. McNamara. "A Generalized Additive Soil Depth Model for a Mountainous Semi-Arid Watershed Based Upon Topographic and Land Cover Attributes." In Digital Soil Mapping. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_3.
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Kenary, Hassan Azadi, Choonkil Park, Themistocles M. Rassias, and Jung Rye Lee. "Stability of a Cauchy-Jensen Additive Mapping in Various Normed Spaces." In Applications of Nonlinear Analysis. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89815-5_15.
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Tserpes, George, Chrissi-Yianna Politou, Panagiota Peristeraki, Argyris Kallianiotis, and Costas Papaconstantinou. "Identification of hake distribution pattern and nursery grounds in the Hellenic seas by means of generalized additive models." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_10.
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de Senzi Zancul, Eduardo, Gabriel Delage e Silva, Luiz Fernando C. S. Durão, and Alexandre M. Rocha. "PLM Process and Information Mapping for Mass Customization Based on Additive Manufacturing." In Product Lifecycle Management in the Era of Internet of Things. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33111-9_77.
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Liu, Zhiying, Haoxiu Chen, and Yu Zou. "High-Speed Nanoindentation Mapping of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Application." In Proceedings of the 61st Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17425-4_14.
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Politou, Chrissi-Yianna, George Tserpes, and John Dokos. "Identification of deep-water pink shrimp abundance distribution patterns and nursery grounds in the eastern Mediterranean by means of generalized additive modelling." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_8.
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Seifi, Mohsen, Daniel Christiansen, Jack Beuth, Ola Harrysson, and John J. Lewandowski. "Process Mapping, Fracture and Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Produced by Ebm Additive Manufacturing." In Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119296126.ch232.
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Moradlou, Fridoun, and G. Zamani Eskandani. "Approximate C ∗-Algebra Homomorphisms Associated to an Apollonius–Jensen Type Additive Mapping; A Fixed Point Approach." In Springer Optimization and Its Applications. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3498-6_27.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Additive mapping"
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Valjak, Filip, Nenad Bojčetić, and Marija Lukić. "DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: MAPPING OF PRODUCT FUNCTIONS." In 15th International Design Conference. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia; The Design Society, Glasgow, UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0364.
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Harding, Kevin G., Rajesh Ramamurthy, Vadim Bromberg, and Timothy Fiorillo. "Error mapping method for multi-axis additive manufacturing system." In Dimensional Optical Metrology and Inspection for Practical Applications VII, edited by Song Zhang and Kevin G. Harding. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2309558.
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Cheng, Bo, and Y. Kevin Chou. "Thermal Simulations for Cooling Rate Mapping in Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52343.
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The powder-bed electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) process is a relatively new AM technology that utilizes a high-energy heat source to fabricate metallic parts in a layer by layer fashion by melting metal powder in selected regions. EBAM can be able to produce full density part and complicated components such as near-net-shape parts for medical implants and internal channels. However, the large variation in mechanical properties of AM build parts is an important issue that impedes the mass production ability of AM technology. It is known that the cooling rate in the melt pool directly related to the build part microstructure, which greatly influences the mechanical properties such as strength and hardness. And the cooling rate is correlated to the basic heat transport process physics in EBAM, which includes a moving heat source and rapid self-cooling process. Therefore, a better understanding of the thermal process of the EBAM process is necessary. In this study, a 3D thermal model, using a finite element method (FEM), was utilized for EBAM heat transport process simulations. The process temperature prediction offers information of the cooling rate during the heating-cooling cycle. The thermal model is applied to evaluate, for the case of Ti-6Al-4V in EBAM, the process parameter effects, such as the beam speed and power, on the temperature profile along the melt scan and the corresponding cooling rate characteristics. The relationship between cooling rates and process parameters is systematically investigated, through multiple simulations, by incorporating different combinations of process parameters into the thermal model. The beam scanning speed vs. beam power curves of constant cooling rates can be obtained from 3D surface plots (cooling rate vs. different process parameters), which may facilitate the process parameters selections and achieve consistent build part quality through controlling the cooling rate.
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Sharma, Avinash, and Carl Carpenter. "Additive Manufactured Antenna for NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP)." In 2023 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm57470.2023.10042985.
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Xue, Lijue, Matt Donovan, Yangsheng Li, Jianyin Chen, Shaodong Wang, and Glen Campbell. "Integrated rapid 3D mapping and laser additive repair of gas turbine engine components." In ICALEO® 2013: 32nd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062894.
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Silva, Daniel, João Pinheiro, Saba Abdulghani, et al. "Controlling Morphological Development during Additive Manufacturing: A Route to the Mapping of Properties." In MATERIAIS. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008116.
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Guertler, Matthias R., Lee Michael Clemon, Nick S. Bennett, and Jochen Deuse. "Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM): Analysing and Mapping Research Trends and Industry Needs." In 2022 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet53225.2022.9882894.
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Preusser, Thomas B., and Rainer G. Spallek. "Enhancing FPGA Device Capabilities by the Automatic Logic Mapping to Additive Carry Chains." In 2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2010.70.
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Jeon, Hyun-Bae, Kee-Hoon Kim, Jong-Seon No, and Dong-Joon Shin. "PTS scheme using additive mapping sequence for peak power reduction in OFDM systems." In 2010 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2010.5674677.
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Vogiatzis, Panagiotis, Ming Ma, Shikui Chen, and Xianfeng David Gu. "Computational Design and Additive Manufacturing of Conformal Metasurfaces by Combining Topology Optimization With Riemann Mapping Theorem." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67024.
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In this paper, we present a computational framework for computational design and additive manufacturing of spatial free-form periodic metasurfaces. The proposed scheme rests on the level-set based topology approach and the conformal mapping theory. A 2D unit cell of metamaterial with tailored effective properties is created using the level-set based topology optimization method. The achieved unit cell is further mapped to the 3D quad meshes on a free-form surface by applying the conformal mapping method which can preserve the local shape and angle when mapping the 2D design to a 3D surface. The proposed level-set based optimization methods not only can act as a motivator for design synthesis, but also can be seamlessly hooked with additive manufacturing with no need of CAD reconstructions. The proposed computational framework provides a solution to increasing applications involving innovative metamaterial designs on free-form surfaces in different fields of interest. The performance of the proposed scheme is illustrated through a benchmark example where a negative-Poisson’s-ratio unit cell pattern is mapped to a 3D human face and fabricated through additive manufacturing.
Reports on the topic "Additive mapping"
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Fridman, Eyal, Jianming Yu, and Rivka Elbaum. Combining diversity within Sorghum bicolor for genomic and fine mapping of intra-allelic interactions underlying heterosis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597925.bard.
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Heterosis, the enigmatic phenomenon in which whole genome heterozygous hybrids demonstrate superior fitness compared to their homozygous parents, is the main cornerstone of modern crop plant breeding. One explanation for this non-additive inheritance of hybrids is interaction of alleles within the same locus. This proposal aims at screening, identifying and investigating heterosis trait loci (HTL) for different yield traits by implementing a novel integrated mapping approach in Sorghum bicolor as a model for other crop plants. Originally, the general goal of this research was to perform a genetic dissection of heterosis in a diallel built from a set of Sorghum bicolor inbred lines. This was conducted by implementing a novel computational algorithm which aims at associating between specific heterozygosity found among hybrids with heterotic variation for different agronomic traits. The initial goals of the research are: (i) Perform genotype by sequencing (GBS) of the founder lines (ii) To evaluate the heterotic variation found in the diallel by performing field trails and measurements in the field (iii) To perform QTL analysis for identifying heterotic trait loci (HTL) (iv) to validate candidate HTL by testing the quantitative mode of inheritance in F2 populations, and (v) To identify candidate HTL in NAM founder lines and fine map these loci by test-cross selected RIL derived from these founders. The genetic mapping was initially achieved with app. 100 SSR markers, and later the founder lines were genotyped by sequencing. In addition to the original proposed research we have added two additional populations that were utilized to further develop the HTL mapping approach; (1) A diallel of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that was tested for heterosis of doubling time, and (2) a recombinant inbred line population of Sorghum bicolor that allowed testing in the field and in more depth the contribution of heterosis to plant height, as well as to achieve novel simulation for predicting dominant and additive effects in tightly linked loci on pseudooverdominance. There are several conclusions relevant to crop plants in general and to sorghum breeding and biology in particular: (i) heterosis for reproductive (1), vegetative (2) and metabolic phenotypes is predominantly achieved via dominance complementation. (ii) most loci that seems to be inherited as overdominant are in fact achieving superior phenotype of the heterozygous due to linkage in repulsion, namely by pseudooverdominant mechanism. Our computer simulations show that such repulsion linkage could influence QTL detection and estimation of effect in segregating populations. (iii) A new height QTL (qHT7.1) was identified near the genomic region harboring the known auxin transporter Dw3 in sorghum, and its genetic dissection in RIL population demonstrated that it affects both the upper and lower parts of the plant, whereas Dw3 affects only the part below the flag leaf. (iv) HTL mapping for grain nitrogen content in sorghum grains has identified several candidate genes that regulate this trait, including several putative nitrate transporters and a transcription factor belonging to the no-apical meristem (NAC)-like large gene family. This activity was combined with another BARD-funded project in which several de-novo mutants in this gene were identified for functional analysis.
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Sela, Hanan, Eduard Akhunov, and Brian J. Steffenson. Population genomics, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598170.bard.
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The primary goals of this project were: (1) development of a genetically characterized association panel of wild emmer for high resolution analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits; (2) characterization and mapping of genes and QTL for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wild emmer populations; (3) characterization of LD patterns along wild emmer chromosomes; (4) elucidation of the multi-locus genetic structure of wild emmer populations and its correlation with geo-climatic variables at the collection sites. Introduction In recent years, Stripe (yellow) rust (Yr) caused by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici(PST) has become a major threat to wheat crops in many parts of the world. New races have overcome most of the known resistances. It is essential, therefore, that the search for new genes will continue, followed by their mapping by molecular markers and introgression into the elite varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS). The reservoir of genes for disease and pest resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccoides) is an important resource that must be made available to wheat breeders. The majority of resistance genes that were introgressed so far in cultivated wheat are resistance (R) genes. These genes, though confering near-immunity from the seedling stage, are often overcome by the pathogen in a short period after being deployed over vast production areas. On the other hand, adult-plant resistance (APR) is usually more durable since it is, in many cases, polygenic and confers partial resistance that may put less selective pressure on the pathogen. In this project, we have screened a collection of 480 wild emmer accessions originating from Israel for APR and seedling resistance to PST. Seedling resistance was tested against one Israeli and 3 North American PST isolates. APR was tested on accessions that did not have seedling resistance. The APR screen was conducted in two fields in Israel and in one field in the USA over 3 years for a total of 11 replicates. We have found about 20 accessions that have moderate stripe rust APR with infection type (IT<5), and about 20 additional accessions that have novel seedling resistance (IT<3). We have genotyped the collection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and the 90K SNP chip array. GBS yielded a total 341K SNP that were filtered to 150K informative SNP. The 90K assay resulted in 11K informative SNP. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and found one significant locus on 6BL ( -log p >5). Two novel loci were found for seedling resistance. Further investigation of the 6BL locus and the effect of Yr36 showed that the 6BL locus and the Yr36 have additive effect and that the presence of favorable alleles of both loci results in reduction of 2 grades in the IT score. To identify alleles conferring adaption to extreme climatic conditions, we have associated the patterns of genomic variation in wild emmer with historic climate data from the accessions’ collection sites. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions coinciding with their geographic distribution. Partitioning of genomic variance showed that geographic location and climate together explain 43% of SNPs among emmer accessions with 19% of SNPs affected by climatic factors. The top three bioclimatic factors driving SNP distribution were temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and isothermality. Association mapping approaches revealed 57 SNPs associated with these bio-climatic variables. Out of 21 unique genomic regions controlling heading date variation, 10 (~50%) overlapped with SNPs showing significant association with at least one of the three bioclimatic variables. This result suggests that a substantial part of the genomic variation associated with local adaptation in wild emmer is driven by selection acting on loci regulating flowering. Conclusions: Wild emmer can serve as a good source for novel APR and seedling R genes for stripe rust resistance. APR for stripe rust is a complex trait conferred by several loci that may have an additive effect. GWAS is feasible in the wild emmer population, however, its detection power is limited. A panel of wild emmer tagged with more than 150K SNP is available for further GWAS of important traits. The insights gained by the bioclimatic-gentic associations should be taken into consideration when planning conservation strategies.
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Levin, Ilan, John Thomas, Moshe Lapidot, Desmond McGrath, and Denis Persley. Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato: molecular mapping and introgression of resistance to Australian genotypes. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613888.bard.
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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes. Although first identified in the Mediterranean region, it is now distributed world-wide. Sequence analysis of the virus by the Australian group has shown that the virus is now present in Australia. Despite the importance of the disease and extensive research on the virus, very little is known about the resistance genes (loci) that determine host resistance and susceptibility to the virus. A symptom-less resistant line, TY-172, was developed at the Volcani Center which has shown the highest resistance level among all tested varieties. Preliminary results show that TY-172 is a good candidate to confer resistance to both TYLCV and to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in Queensland conditions. Furthermore, Segregation analysis has previously indicated that the resistance is determined by 2-3 genes. In this proposal we aimed to substantiate that TY-172 can contribute to resistance breeding against TYLCV in Queensland, to develop DNA markers to advance such resistance breeding in both Israel and Queensland, and to exploit these markers for resistant breeding in Australian and Israeli lines. To map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling TYLCVresistance in TY172, appropriate segregating populations were analyzed using 69 polymorphic DNA markers spanning the entire tomato genome. Results show that TYLCV resistance in TY172 is controlled by a previously unknown major QTL, originating from the resistant line, and four additional minor QTLs. The major QTL, termed Ty-5, maps to chromosome 4 and accounts for 39.7-to-46.6% of the variation in symptom severity among segregating plants (LOD score: 33-to-35). The minor QTLs, originated either from the resistant or susceptible parents, were mapped to chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, and contributed 12% to the variation in symptom severity in addition to Ty-5. Further analysis of parental lines as well as large F₁, BC₁F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₂ populations originating from crosses carried out, in reciprocal manner, between TY172 and the susceptible processing line M-82 (LA3475) during spring-summer 2010, indicated that: (1) the minor QTLs we have previously identified are in effect not reproducible, (2)Ty-5 alone can yield highly resistant plants with practically no extra-chromosomal effects, and (3) the narrow-sense heritability estimate of resistance levels, attributed to additive factors responsive to selection, does not significantly deviate from 1. All of these results point to Ty-5 as the sole resistance locus in TY172 thus significantly increasing the likelihood of its successful molecular dissection. The DNA markers developed during the course of this study were transferred together with the TY172 genotype to Queensland. TY172 was crossed to a panel of Australian genotypes and the resulting populations were subjected to segregation analysis. Results showed that resistant locus, Ty-5, is highly reproducible in the Australian conditions as well. The Australian group was also able to make improvements to the marker assays by re-designing primer pairs to provide more robust PCR fragments. The Ty-5 locus has now been introgressed into elite Australian germplasm and selection for TYLCV resistance has begun. Cumulatively, our results show that Ty-5 can be effectively used, together with the TY172 genotype to expedite TYLCV resistance breeding and improve our understanding of the genetics that underline the response of tomato to TYLCV. Contributions to agriculture include: (1) the development of tools for more efficient resistance breeding, allowing the incorporation of resistance to local tomato varieties in Australia, Israel and elsewhere; and (2) establish a solid framework for a future attempt to clone the genes that encode such resistance. The latter will enable to decipher the resistance mechanisms that could be applied to other geminiviruses in tomato and possibly in other plant species.
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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset, and Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.
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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.
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Nietschke, Yung, Anna Dabrowski, Maya Conway, and Chaula Pradhika. COVID-19 Education Response Mapping Study in Asia: Executive summary. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-701-4.
Full textAbstract:
This document provides a summary of research exploring the systems, policies, and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a review of policy documents on COVID-19 responses in Asia and a deep dive analysis of system and school-level responses in the Philippines and the Kyrgyz Republic, the findings from this study provide policymakers and education stakeholders with evidence of promising practices that could be leveraged to support learning recovery and education system resilience. In addition, a policy review was conducted on the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), which focused on the practices of policymakers that have the potential to support teaching and learning. The study's intent is not to compare and contrast countries' responses but to highlight innovations in the system and school practices and make recommendations based on insights from system leaders and educators.
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Smalley. L51984 Engine-Compressor Performance Data Normalization. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011172.
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This report defines methods for normalizing parameters which relate to performance and integrity of compression equipment. As a basis for normalization, the project compares each parameter as recorded or derived during operation to a corresponding expected value. The report presents a method to characterize operational behavior by mapping, and by linear regression to develop a model which predicts the expected value as a function of certain independent variables. The report discusses active and passive options for mapping. The project has focused considerable attention on the choice of both dependent and independent variable(s) for the mapping process (guided both by knowledge of the physics involved, and by typical data from various sources for most of the parameters). The report presents a basis for assessing the statistical significance of a deviation between measured and expected values and, where appropriate, for evaluating the economic significance. In addition, the report gives trouble-shooting guidelines for use by operators in the event a significant deviation between a measured and expected parameter is identified.
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Douglas, K., J. V. Barrie, T. Dill, T. Fralic, and N. Koshure. 2021004PGC cruise report: mapping Salish Sea marine geohazards, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329621.
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The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) undertook marine fieldwork onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Vector to locate and map potential geohazards and geological features in the Salish Sea in the interest of public safety from August 11-18, 2021. This work was conducted under the Natural Resources Canada Marine Geoscience for Marine Spatial Planning (MGMSP) and the Public Safety Geoscience Programs. The GSC had observed multiple potential faults in existing data near Central Haro Strait, Stuart Channel, South of Hornby Island and near Cape Lazo through existing CHIRP and multibeam bathymetry data but required further data to quantify their activity and potential seismic risk (Barrie et al, 2021). In addition to fault activity, the GSC had detected numerous large underwater landslide deposits in Howe Sound and Saanich Inlet. The GSC required further data to constrain volumes and timing of slide activity. In English Bay the origin and evolution of a field of pockmarks was poorly understood. In Burrard Inlet, the survey required a better understanding of frequency of landslides as well as depth of sediment in order to understand natural sediment depositional rates. The research expedition included deep-tow system (DTS) sub-bottom surveys and multibeam water column and bathymetric surveys in each of these areas to better understand these marine geohazards and processes. Hydrographic surveys were completed by the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) at night in Pylades Channel and near Point Grey to maximize use of ship time. Weather was good, seas were calm, and good quality data were collected. The data collected will be made publicly available and have the potential to contribute to building codes and to help communities in their decision-making and understanding of risks.
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Mwamba, Isaiah C., Mohamadali Morshedi, Suyash Padhye, et al. Synthesis Study of Best Practices for Mapping and Coordinating Detours for Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) and Risk Assessment for Duration of Traffic Control Activities. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317344.
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Maintenance of traffic (MOT) during construction periods is critical to the success of project delivery and the overall mission of transportation agencies. MOT plans may include full road closures and coordination of detours near construction areas. Various state DOTs have designed their own manuals for detour mapping and coordination. However, very limited information is provided to select optimal detour routes. Moreover, closures or detours should provide not only measurable consequences, such as vehicle operating costs and added travel time, but also various unforeseen qualitative impacts, such as business impacts and inconvenience to local communities. Since the qualitative aspects are not easily measurable they tend to be neglected in systematic evaluations and decision-making processes. In this study, the current practices obtained based on an extensive literature review, a nation-wide survey, as well as a series of interviews with INDOT and other state DOTs are leveraged to (1) identify a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for detour route mapping, (2) understand how other state DOTs address the qualitative criteria, (3) identify how the involved risks during the planning, service time, and closure of the detour routes are managed, and (4) recommend process improvements for INDOT detour mapping guidelines. As demonstrated by two sample case studies, the proposed KPIs can be taken as a basis for developing a decision-support tool that enables decision-makers to consider both qualitative and quantitative aspects for optimal detour route mapping. In addition, the current INDOT detour policy can be updated based on the proposed process improvements.
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Joel, Daniel M., Steven J. Knapp, and Yaakov Tadmor. Genomic Approaches for Understanding Virulence and Resistance in the Sunflower-Orobanche Host-Parasite Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592655.bard.
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Oroginal Objectives: (i) identify DNA markers linked to the avirulence (Avr) locus and locate the Avr locus through genetic mapping with an inter-race Orobanche cumana population; (ii) develop high-throughput fingerprint DNA markers for genotypingO. cumana races; (iii) identify nucleotide binding domain leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes encoding R proteins conferring resistance to O. cumana in sunflower; (iv) increase the resolution of the chromosomal segment harboring Or₅ and related R genes through genetic and physical mapping in previously and newly developed mapping populations of sunflower; and (v) develop high-throughput DNA markers for rapidly and efficiently identifying and transferring sunflower R genes through marker-assisted selection. Revisions made during the course of project: Following changes in O. cumana race distribution in Israel, the newly arrived virulent race H was chosen for further analysis. HA412-HO, which was primarily chosen as a susceptible sunflower cultivar, was more resistant to the new parasite populations than var. Shemesh, thus we shifted sunflower research into analyzing the resistance of HA412-HO. We exceeded the deliverables for Objectives #3-5 by securing funding for complete physical and high-density genetic mapping of the sunflower genome, in addition to producing a complete draft sequence of the sunflower genome. We discovered limited diversity between the parents of the O. cumana population developed for the mapping study. Hence, the developed DNA marker resources were insufficient to support genetic map construction. This objective was beyond the scale and scope of the funding. This objective is challenging enough to be the entire focus of follow up studies. Background to the topic: O. cumana, an obligate parasitic weed, is one of the most economically important and damaging diseases of sunflower, causes significant yield losses in susceptible genotypes, and threatens production in Israel and many other countries. Breeding for resistance has been crucial for protecting sunflower from O. cumana, and problematic because new races of the pathogen continually emerge, necessitating discovery and deployment of new R genes. The process is challenging because of the uncertainty in identifying races in a genetically diverse parasite. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We developed a small collection of SSR markers for genetic mapping in O. cumana and completed a diversity study to lay the ground for objective #1. Because DNA sequencing and SNPgenotyping technology dramatically advanced during the course of the study, we recommend shifting future work to SNP discovery and mapping using array-based approaches, instead of SSR markers. We completed a pilot study using a 96-SNP array, but it was not large enough to support genetic mapping in O.cumana. The development of further SNPs was beyond the scope of the grant. However, the collection of SSR markers was ideal for genetic diversity analysis, which indicated that O. cumanapopulations in Israel considerably differ frompopulations in other Mediterranean countries. We supplied physical and genetic mapping resources for identifying R-genes in sunflower responsible for resistance to O. cumana. Several thousand mapped SNP markers and a complete draft of the sunflower genome sequence are powerful tools for identifying additional candidate genes and understanding the genomic architecture of O. cumana-resistanceanddisease-resistance genes. Implications: The OrobancheSSR markers have utility in sunflower breeding and genetics programs, as well as a tool for understanding the heterogeneity of races in the field and for geographically mapping of pathotypes.The segregating populations of both Orobanche and sunflower hybrids are now available for QTL analyses.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.
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The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.