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1
Wolnitzky, Wenk Javier Humberto. "Polimorfismos en el Gen de la deshidrogenasa alcohólica 1C (ADH1C) aumentan el riesgo de alcoholismo en la población chilena." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105263.
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Memoria para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico<br>El riesgo individual de alcoholismo tiene un componente hereditario de 40 a 60%. Los únicos factores genéticos bien establecidos para una susceptibilidad diferenciada al alcoholismo son polimorfismos en los genes de las principales enzimas del metabolismo del etanol, la deshidrogenasa alcohólica (ADH) y la deshidrogenasa aldehídica mitocondrial (ALDH2). Las variantes polimórficas de estas enzimas difieren en sus propiedades catalíticas y en sus distribuciones étnicas.
El etanol es metabolizado en el hígado a acetaldehído por la ADH y luego a acetato por la ALDH2. En portadores de una ALDH2 inactiva (ALDH2*2) el acetaldehído, en lugar de degradarse, se acumula en el cuerpo produciendo reacciones desagradables que evitan una ingesta excesiva de alcohol. Se postula que los portadores de las variantes rápidas de la ADH (ADH1C1, ADH1B2) también experimentan un alza de acetaldehído corporal luego de consumir etanol, teniendo así una protección genética contra el alcoholismo. En contraste, los portadores de las ADHs lentas (ADH1C2 o ADH1B1) o de la ALDH2 de gran actividad (ALDH2*1) tienen un mayor riesgo de alcoholismo.
La variante inactiva de la ALDH2 (ALDH2*2) es exclusiva de la población del este de Asia (40%), que tiene además frecuencias altas de los alelos protectores ADH1C*1 (90%) y ADH1B*2 (70%), mientras que las poblaciones caucásicas tienen frecuencias menores de estos alelos (50% y 5%, respectivamente).
Para determinar si los alelos ADH1C*2 o ADH1B*1 de la deshidrogenasa alcohólica (ADHs lentas) aumentan el riesgo de alcoholismo en la población chilena se determinaron los genotipos de la ADH1C y la ADH1B en pacientes alcohólicos (n = 30) y población chilena general (n = 105). Se amplificaron segmentos específicos de estos genes utilizando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y se analizaron las variaciones codificantes de cambios aminoacídicos mediante digestión con enzimas de restricción, separando los fragmentos resultantes por tamaño mediante electroforesis (RFLP). Se evaluó la significación estadística de las diferencias encontradas entre los grupos en las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los genes ADH1C y ADH1B.
La frecuencia del alelo ADH1C*2 es significativamente mayor (p < 0,04) en pacientes alcohólicos (0,40) que en la población general (0,26), aumentando casi al doble el riesgo de alcoholismo (OR = 1,96) respecto del alelo ADH1C*1. La frecuencia genotípica de los homocigotos ADH1C*2/*2 es también mayor (p < 0,05) en pacientes alcohólicos (0,14) que en la población general (0,07), teniendo estos individuos un riesgo de alcoholismo casi cuatro veces mayor (OR = 3,85) que los homocigotos ADH1C*1/*1. Las frecuencias del alelo ADH1B*1 son prácticamente idénticas en ambos grupos (alrededor de 0,95), haciendo imposible determinar si éste aumenta el riesgo de alcoholismo en la población chilena, dado el tamaño muestral empleado.
Se analizaron cinco variaciones nucleotídicas adicionales, lo que permitió encontrar en la población chilena una variante del alelo ADH1C*2 exclusiva de la población nativa de América (ADH1C*2Thr351) y describir por primera vez la existencia de dos variantes nuevas del alelo ADH1B*1. La variante ADH1B*1Ser59 incorpora un polimorfismo (A5226T) antes reportado aisladamente y la variante ADH1B*1Arg367 incorpora una mutación encontrada aquí (T15490G). No se encontró evidencia de que estas variantes modifiquen el riesgo de alcoholismo en la población chilena, pero sí se encontró una tendencia hacia un riesgo aumentado de alcoholismo para el alelo ADH1C*2Thr351, al compararlo con los alelos ADH1C*1 y ADH1C*2 en conjunto.
A partir de los resultados de esta memoria se pueden emitir tres conclusiones. (I) El alelo ADH1C*2 y el genotipo ADH1C*2/*2 aumentan el riesgo de alcoholismo en la población chilena respecto del alelo ADH1C*1 y el genotipo ADH1C*1/*1. (II) El genotipo de la ADH1C se puede determinar analizando sólo la posición nucleotídica 11939 (aa 271) y no la posición 15115 (aa 349), ya que sus identidades están perfectamente asociadas (11939A / 15115G y 11939G / 15115A) y porque el análisis de la posición nucleotídica 11939 tiene una mayor fortaleza en su diseño experimental por a) tener reacciones positivas para las dos identidades nucleotídicas (A y G) de esta posición y b) determinar un cambio aminoacídico de mayor importancia por encontrarse en el sitio activo de la enzima. (III) El genotipo de la ADH1B puede ser excluido del análisis del aumento del riesgo de alcoholismo conferido por las variantes lentas de la ADH en la población chilena porque su diferencia entre grupos es mínima.
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Kumar, Kavitha. "Intrusion Detection in Mobile Adhoc Networks." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1260232844.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.<br>Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Engineering." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 80-84.
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Jia, Sijun. "An effective solution for bluetooth adhoc networking." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7238.
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Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed ISM frequencies with a spread spectrum and frequency hopping, and it has the features such as robustness, low power consumption and low cost. Therefore, Bluetooth has been supported on the most number of devices of various types. Bluetooth connection is defined as in Piconet which has limits on range and the number of devices, so many researches have been done to connect more devices across longer ranges with Bluetooth, but there has not been an effective solution so far due to the protocol limitation, device versatility and mobility. In this thesis, we designed and implemented such a solution based on Piconet topology, existing Internet and adhoc networking protocols. In our solution, networking is performed on a high and abstract layer, so devices with different hardware or operating systems can join the network by installing a program without low level system change. We adjusted and implemented the standard Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol for IEEE 802.11 in our system to support route discovery and maintenance in Bluetooth network. We also used techniques such as pre-warm and redundant routes to improve the performance and robustness of the network. Our system support scalable peer to peer networking without any centralized controls. We tested our solution on real devices and on device emulators in large scale, and the result showed the system can form Bluetooth network efficiently in a scalable way.
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Larafa, Claire Sondès. "Services AAA dans les réseaux adhoc mobiles." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00698490.
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La mobilité est une composante importante de la liberté des personnes. L'évolution des moyens technologiques y contribue au premier chef. Outre la question du transport, celle du maintien du lien entre les individus est en ce sens particulièrement prégnante. Elle a mis à rude épreuve la notion de réseaux de télécommunications puisqu'il s'agit de répondre, pour des individus éparpillés ou concentrés, mais mobiles, au besoin de rester reliés. De l'ère des réseaux analogiques à celle des réseaux numériques, de l'ère des réseaux filaires à celle des réseaux sans fil et mobiles, la technologie n'a cessé d'évoluer. Ces dernières décennies ont vu apparaître des réseaux numériques sans fil, où non seulement il y a mobilité des utilisateurs mais aussi mobilité de l'infrastructure du réseau à laquelle ils contribuent. Ces réseaux se constituent de façon spontanée. Ils se maintiennent de manière autonome. On les désigne par le terme réseaux ad hoc mobiles (en anglais Mobile Ad hoc Networks ou MANET) qui s'oppose naturellement à celui de réseaux à infrastructure. La sécurité est une préoccupation générale des êtres humains. Ils en ressentent aussi le besoin en matière de réseaux. Ce besoin est particulièrement criant lorsque sont échangées des données critiques, financières ou stratégiques. La confidentialité des échanges, l'authentification des sources, l'assurance d'intégrité, la prévention de la récusation sont autant d'objectifs qu'il faut alors atteindre. Diverses solutions de sécurité ont été conçues dans cette optique pour les réseaux filaires puis ont ensuite été adaptées aux réseaux sans-fil et mobiles. Les architectures AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) en font partie. Elles sont en général utilisées dans un contexte commercial. Tant par leur facilité de déploiement que par la baisse des coûts de mise en œuvre qu'ils engendrent, les réseaux ad hoc mobiles, après avoir bien servi dans le domaine militaire, semblent avoir un avenir dans les applications commerciales. C'est pourquoi, nous nous proposons dans cette thèse de concevoir une architecture AAA adaptée aux spécificités de ces réseaux. Nous étudions d'abord les réseaux ad hoc mobiles et leurs caractéristiques. Ensuite, nous présentons les solutions de sécurité qui existent dans les réseaux à infrastructure. Nous examinons, en particulier, les solutions qui permettent le contrôle d'accès et dont sont engendrées les architectures AAA. Les solutions AAA proposées pour les MANETs sont par la suite analysées et classifiées afin de déterminer les manques et les vulnérabilités. Cette étude approfondie nous amène à proposer une architecture AAA répondant aux attentes identifiées. C'est une architecture distribuée qui répond, en particulier, au besoin d'autonomie des opérations dans les MANETs et où les protocoles exécutés peuvent impliquer simultanément plus de deux parties. Un ensemble de protocoles et de mécanismes d'authentification et d'autorisation s'intégrant avec la suite des protocoles IPv6 a été proposé. Leur sécurité a été discutée. Celle, en particulier du protocole d'authentification a fait l'objet de validation formelle. Contrairement aux protocoles utilisés dans la phase d'autorisation des services AAA proposés, le mode de communication multi-parties et multi-sauts du protocole d'authentification nous a poussé à mener une analyse approfondie de ses performances. Pour cela, nous avons eu recours, dans un premier temps, à la modélisation au moyen de calculs mathématiques explicites ensuite à la simulation. Les résultats obtenus montrent que ce protocole passe à l'échelle d'un MANET comprenant au moins cent nœuds. Dans certaines conditions d'implémentation que nous avons définies, ses performances, tant celle liée à sa probabilité de terminaison avec une issue favorable que celle portant sur son temps d'exécution, atteignent des valeurs optimales.
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Bulut, Gulsah. "Service Discovery Oriented Clustering For Mobile And Adhoc Networks." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611889/index.pdf.
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Adhoc networks do not depend on any fixed infrastructure. The most outstanding
features of adhoc networks are non-centralized structure and dynamic topology
change due to high mobility. Since mentioned dynamics of mobile adhoc networks
complicate reaching the resources in the network, service discovery is significantly
an important part of constructing stand-alone and self-configurable mobile adhoc
networks. The heterogeneity of the devices and limited resources such as battery are
also load up more difficulty to service discovery.
Due to the volatile nature of the adhoc networks, service discovery algorithms
proposed for mobile and adhoc networks suffer from some problems. Scalability
becomes a problem when the service discovery is based on flooding messages over
the network. Furthermore, the high traffic which occurs due to the message
exchange between network nodes makes the communication almost impossible.
Partitioning a network into sub-networks is an efficient way of handling scalability
problem.
In this thesis, a mobility based service discovery algorithm for clustered
MANET is presented. The algorithm has two main parts. First one is for
partitioning the MANET into sub-networks, named &ldquo<br>clustering&rdquo<br>. Second part is
composed of an efficient discovery of services on overall network. Clustering
algorithm used in this study is enhanced version of DMAC (Distributed Mobility
Adaptive Clustering, which is one of the golden algorithms of the wireless network
clustering area). To be fast and flexible in service discovery layer, a simple and fastresponding
algorithm is implemented. Integration of two algorithms enables devices
to be mobile in the network
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Yarlagadda, Jyothsna. "Energy-efficient even-parity network coding for adhoc networks." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5982.
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The major difference between wired and wireless networks is their broadcast nature, specifically how transmitted data by one node may reach other nodes and vice-versa. This broadcast nature is a curse for wired networks but a blessing for wireless networks. Network coding is a technique where instead of just forwarding packets arrived at relay nodes, the node will collect several packets and then combine them together using an algebraic algorithm for transmissions. Network coding reduces the energy consumption by decreasing the number of transmissions required to communicate a given amount of information across the network. The aim of this thesis is to enhance network-coding strategy in order to improve energy gain, which in turn increases throughput in ad hoc networks. To that end, this thesis also proposes an even parity scheme that reduces processing time and power of nodes by improving coding opportunities. In addition, an even parity scheme allows for the coding of large numbers of packets at a time instead of coding just two packets using normal XOR operation.<br>Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Pore, Ghee Lye. "A performance analysis of routing protocols for adhoc networks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FPore.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): John C. McEachen. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-89). Also available online.
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Cho, Jinyoun. "Efficient safety message dissemination methods in vehicular adhoc networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53390.
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The methods for efficient safety message dissemination in VANETs were proposed. First, the method for using multi-channel was proposed. Using the proposed multi-channel method (divide-and-deliver algorithm), the safety message was delivered to the target device with less delay compared to the traditional single-channel method. This method showed resilient performance even in poor wireless channels compared to the single-channel method. Second, to improve low reliability in low vehicle density situations, the enhanced divide-and-deliver algorithm was proposed. The network coding was a key technique to the enhancement. For the efficient use of network coding, rigorous analysis was conducted and an algorithm was proposed to change the number of network coding packets adaptively by the vehicle densities. Finally, the method for delivering safety messages to multi-direction was proposed. This multi-vehicle selection broadcast (MSB) algorithm avoided the collision between multiple rebroadcasts among vehicles and removed unnecessary packets by using backoff slots. The contributions of this research include reducing delay and increasing reliability for the dissemination of safety messages.
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Tezeren, Serdar U. "Reed-Muller codes in error correction in wireless adhoc networks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FTezeren.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Murali Tummala, Roberto Cristi. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-134). Also available online.
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Nguyen-Salamanis, Khanh-Loan. "Adhoc-Verwendung einer elektronischen Tafel unter Verwendung der Jini-Technologie." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8862165.
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Pinjala, Mallikarjuna Rao. "Adhoc routing based data collection application in wireless sensor networks." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6235.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Gurdip Singh<br>Ad hoc based routing protocol is a reactive protocol to route messages between mobile nodes. It allows nodes to pass messages through their neighbors to nodes which they cannot directly communicate. It uses Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP) messages for communication. Wireless sensor networks consist of tiny sensor motes with capabilities of sensing, computation and wireless communication. This project aims to implement data collector application to collect the temperature data from the set of wireless sensor devices located within a building, which will help in gathering the information by finding the route with minimum number of hops to reach destination and generates low message traffic by not encouraging the duplicate message within the network. Using this application, wireless devices can communicate effectively to provide the network information to the user. This system consists of a mobile wireless sensor device called base station which is connected to a PC to communicate and is the root of the network. It also consists of set of client sensor devices which are present in different parts of the building. This project has been evaluated by determining how well the ad hoc protocol performs by measuring the number of messages and time consumed in learning about the complete topology. This application will eventually find the path with minimum number of hops. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is also used to monitor the sensor nodes remotely. This project was developed using nesC and C programming languages with TinyOS and UNIX based operating systems. It has been tested with a sufficient number of motes and evaluated based on the number of messages generated and number of hops traveled for each route request.
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Hassan, Aamir. "VANET Simulation." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2687.
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<p>The number of automobiles has been increased on the road in the past few years. Due to high density of vehicles, the potential threats and road accident is increasing. Wireless technology is aiming to equip technology in vehicles to reduce these factors by sending messages to each other.</p><p>The vehicular safety application should be thoroughly tested before it is deployed in a real world to use. Simulator tool has been preferred over out door experiment because it simple, easy and cheap. VANET requires that a traffic and network simulator should be used together to perform this test. Many tools exist for this purpose but most of them have the problem with the proper interaction. In this thesis, we aim at simulating vehicular networks with external stimulus to analyze its effect on wireless communication but to do this job a good simulator is also needed. So we will first debate on the shortcoming of current simulators and come up with our own recommendations to perform our simulation.</p>
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Yadav, Anita [Verfasser]. "Cross Layer Optimization for Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks / Anita Yadav." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206641002/34.
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Senouci, Sidi-Mohammed. "Application de techniques d'apprentissage dans les réseaux mobiles." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066485.
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Thanayankizil, Lakshmi. "Opportunistic large array (OLA)-based routing for sensor and adhoc wireless networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50374.
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An Opportunistic Large Array (OLA) is a form of cooperative diversity in which a large group of simple, inexpensive relays operate without any mutual coordination, but naturally fire together in response to the energy received from a single source or another OLA. The main contributions of this thesis are the introduction of two OLA-based routing protocols: OLA Concentric Routing Algorithm (OLACRA), which is an upstream routing algorithm suitable for static wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and OLA Routing On-Demand (OLAROAD), which is a robust reactive routing scheme suitable for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In fixed multi-hop wireless sensor networks with a single sink, where energy conservation is often a concern, simulations of the new algorithms show as much as 80% of the transmit energy required to broadcast data can be saved, relative to existing OLA-based broadcasting approaches. In MANETs, where robustness of the routes is an important performance indicator, OLAROAD-based cooperative routes last much longer compared to their state-of-art multi-hop non-cooperative transmission (CT)-based counterparts. However, OLACRA and OLAROAD have higher node participation, and thereby lower throughput, in comparison with the non-CT schemes. To improve the throughput, and thereby bandwidth utilization, the properties of uplink OLAs and their suppression regions are carefully studied. Based on the observations, Hop-Optimized OLACRA (HOLA), which is a variant of OLACRA, and has the maximum bandwidth utilization amongst all the OLA unicast schemes studied, is proposed. HOLA routes have bandwidth utilization comparable to non-CT schemes, but a much lower (~10 dB less) transmit power per node.
The last section of this thesis treats the MAC design for OLA-based networks. In contrast to non-CT networks, a 802.11-based RTS/CTS MAC scheme is shown to reduce the reliability in OLA unicast schemes. A distributed cluster-head-based MAC scheme for channel reservation and OLA Size Adaptation Mechanism for link repair/maintenance are proposed for OLA-based networks. The performances of these protocols are shown to be comparable to a non-CT multihop scheme using the RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK handshake-based link layer design.
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Rodrigues, Anderson Clayton Barreto. "Estratégias de localização de nós em aplicações VoIP-P2P sobre redes adhoc." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2006. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2951.
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Previous issue date: 2006-09-13<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas<br>More and more the demanding for mobility has been wanted by the users who want to have everything no matter where they are. The applications have been modified in order to attend this needs demanded by the new environment without any predictable
infrastructure or topology. The adhoc networks are very popular when concerning about non-infrastructures environment and many studies have been started looking for solutions and strategies to understand and adapt the applications originally created to work over client/server architecture. Voice over IP applications also have to be adapted to work properly over this environment and this study try to identify the factors which can impact on application performance. It is made looking at the look up algorithms used by them to find other nodes around the net.<br>A medida que a mobilidade se torna uma exigência cada vez maior dos usuários de redes de computadores, as aplicações precisam adaptarem-se ao novo ambiente descentralizado, que por vezes, é totalmente imprevisível e mutável. As redes adhoc estão muito difundidas em cenários totalmente descentralizados e desprovidos de infra-estrutura fixa e por isso diversos estudos estão sendo realizados visando a adaptação de aplicações originalmente construídas sobre a luz da arquitetura cliente/servidor. As aplicações de voz sobre IP (VoIP) também precisam se adaptar a nova realidade, e para isso foram adotadas diversas estratégias de descentralização, sendo uma delas a utilização de algoritmos de busca P2P para prover a independência de pontos centralizadores. Este trabalho realiza um estudo do comportamento desse tipo de algoritmo sobre redes adhoc visando identificar os fatores que podem influênciar direta ou indiretamente a performance de uma
aplicação VoIP que os utilize como m´método de localização de seus nós.
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Romdhani, Lamia. "Conception intercouche de réseaux adhoc IEEE 802.11 pour le provisionnement de la qualité de service." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002463.
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Cette thèse se concentre sur la conception, le développement, et l'évaluation des mécanismes cross-layer basés sur le protocole 802.11 et qui visent à améliorer la qualité de service dans ce type de réseaux. Avant d'étudier les approches cross-layer, nous avons exploré l'idée d'améliorer, séparément, le fonctionnement d'une couche de communication; à savoir le protocole MAC 802.11e qui est conçu pour garantir la différentiation de service. Bien qu'on ait aboutit à des améliorations en utilisant un nouveau mécanisme adaptatif de la couche MAC, les résultats des études de performances montrent les limitations de l'architecture en couches qui a, par ailleurs, démontré ses bons résultats dans les réseaux filaires. Il y a de nombreuses possibilités de coopération inter-couche. Dans nos travaux, nous nous intéressons au partage de paramètres entre la couche MAC et la couche routage. Nous pensons que l'interaction entre ces deux couches fournit une meilleure amélioration de performance que la coopération entre d'autres couches. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur le problème de l'acheminement des paquets de données d'une manière qui prend en compte le niveau de congestion du canal, les caractéristiques de réseau, et les besoins de protocoles de couches hautes. Nous proposons plusieurs mécanismes cross-layer qui visent à adresser un routage optimal dans MANETs tout en augmentant la performance des métriques de QoS importantes tel que la stabilité du chemin, le délai de bout-en-bout, et la conservation d'énergie avec et sans assistance/initiation du réseau. À cet effet, nous identifions les paramètres adéquats à partir de la couche MAC et la couche réseau et nous les adaptons pour fournir de la qualité de service basée sur de nouveaux algorithmes de coopération inter-couches. En outre, nous identifions les avantages et les inconvénients des architectures inter-couches par rapport à l'architecture en couche traditionnelle pour améliorer la performance de protocoles de communication dans un environnement sans fil.
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Romdhani, Lamia. "Conception inter-couche de réseaux adhoc IEEE 802.11 pour le provisionnement de la qualité de service /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410837138.
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Grandhomme, Florian. "Protocole de routage externe type BGP dans un environnement réseaux tactiques adhoc mobiles : faisabilité et performances." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S069/document.
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Les théâtres d’opérations militaires s’organisent aujourd’hui sous la forme de coalitions. Les forces armées qui sont déployées possèdent des moyens technologiques (communication, routage) et créent des réseaux sans fil. Le mouvement de ces forces sur le terrain donne au réseau une topologie fortement dynamique. Il se caractérise comme un réseau sans fil mobile, plus communément appelé MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETwork). Pour l’efficacité de la mission et des communications, il est intéressant d’interconnecter facilement les différents groupes participant à la coalition. Cependant, chaque membre de la coalition possède sa propre architecture et souhaite rester autonome, sans s’adapter aux autres. Comme les opérateurs ont pu le faire lors de la création de l’Internet avec le protocole BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), il est nécessaire de créer un protocole qui connecte tous ces groupes participant à la coalition. Ce protocole doit permettre de créer des connexions inter-groupes, supporter facilement les changements de topologies et appliquer des politiques de routage qui permettent d’indiquer des préférences de groupes à emprunter, par exemple. Dans cette thèse, nous allons dans un premier temps étudier la non-adaptabilité de BGP sur les réseaux MANET. Puis, nous étudierons les différentes propositions de la littérature. Ensuite, nous présenterons notre solution ITMAN (Inter Tactical Mobile Ad hoc Network) dans sa première version et les améliorations que nous avons pu y apporter. Enfin, nous terminerons ce manuscrit par les perspectives qui peuvent être menées suite à cette thèse<br>Nowadays, military operations are organized as coalitions. The armed forces that are deployed have technological features (communication, routing) that create wireless networks. The mobility of these forces on the ground means that the network has a highly dynamic topology. This is a mobile wireless network, more commonly called MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETwork). For mission and communication efficencies, interconnection between the various groups participating in the coalition is necessary. However, each member of the coalition has its own architecture and wants to keep independancy from the other groups technologies. This situation is similar as the Internet construction, where operators were able to interconnect their infrastructures with BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). It is important to create a protocol that can connect all the groups involved in the coalition. This protocol should allow inter-group connections, easily support topology changes and apply routing policies that specifies groups on the route preferences, for example. In this thesis, we first study the adaptability issues of BGP on MANET. Then, we study the proposals that have been made in the literature. Next, we present ITMAN (Inter Tactical Mobile Ad Hoc Network) in its first version and the improvements that have been made. Finally, we will conclude this manuscript with the perspectives that can be highlighted following this thesis
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Lin, Fu-Pang. "Molecular characterization of three linked genes, fixB, βshbd and adh1 from Clostridium acetobutylicum P262". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21981.
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Bibliography: pages 140-158.<br>Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 is an endospore-forming Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, and it has been used in the industrial production of acetone and butanol for many years. The aim of this study was to characterize the upstream region of the βhbd gene which is linked to the adh1 gene, and to investigate the expression of these linked genes by transcriptional analysis. The upstream region of the βhbd gene was isolated from a gene bank of C. acetobutylicum P262, constructed using the pWE15 cosmid vector. Characterization of this upstream region was done initially at the nucleotide sequence level. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 1002-bp which encoded a protein of 334 amino acid residues with a calculated Mᵣ of 35,679. This protein showed significant amino acid homology to the fixB protein of Rhizobium meliloti and Azorhizobium caulinodans and the electron transport flavoproteins from humans and rats. Studies on the expression of the three linked genes fixB, βhbd and adh1 were carried out at the transcriptional level. Northern and primer extension analyses indicated that all of the three genes were independently transcribed throughout the various stages of the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation in C. acetobutylicum P262. Each of the genes produced mRNA transcripts of approximately 1.4 kb. The βhbd and adh1 genes were shown to have at least two major and one minor transcriptional start sites in C. acetobutylicum P262. Transcription was initiated at the same promoter region of the fixB gene in both C. acetobutylicum P262 and Escherichia coli. the βhbd gene was shown to have a stronger promoter region than those of the fixB and adh1 genes based on the lacZ-fusion studies in E. coli. The βhbd and adh1 genes encode the 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BHBD) and the NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), respectively. The BHBD enzyme is part of the central fermentation pathway and is required for acid and solvent production, whereas the ADH is part of a branched solvent pathway and is only required for solvent production. Analysis of mRNA transcription and the identification of transcription initiation sites, indicated that each of these two genes was independently and constitutively transcribed throughout the acidogenic, sol ventogenic and sporulation stages in C. acetobutylicum P262 and in exponential E. coli cells. These results suggest that the adh1 gene is not part of a branched solvent pathway which is only induced and transcribed during the solventogenic phase.
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Ghamri, Doudane Mohamed Yacine. "Support et gestion de la qualité de service dans les réseaux sans fil." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066435.
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Abdelhamid, Zebdi. "DZ-MAODV : nouveau protocole de routage multicast pour les réseaux adhoc mobiles basé sur les zones denses /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/tablemat/24784555TM.pdf.
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Romdhani, Lamia. "Conception inter-couche de réseaux adhoc IEEE 802. 11 pour le provisionnement de la qualité de service." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0024.
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Cette thèse se concentre sur la conception, le développement, et l'évaluation des mécanismes cross-layer basés sur le protocole 802. 11 et qui visent à améliorer la qualité de service dans ce type de réseaux. Tout d'abord, nous avons exploré l'idée d'améliorer, séparément le fonctionnement d'une couche de communication ; à savoir le protocole MAC 802. 11e. Bien qu'on ait aboutit à des améliorations en utilisant un nouveau mécanisme adaptatif, les études de performances montrent les limitations de l'architecture en couches qui a, par ailleurs, démontré ses bons résultats dans les réseaux filaires. Il y a de nombreuses possibilités d'interaction inter-couche. Dans nos travaux, nous nous intéressons au partage de paramètres entre la couche MAC et la couche routage. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur le problème de l'acheminement des paquets de données d'une manière qui prend en compte le niveau de congestion du canal, les caractéristiques de réseau, et les besoins de protocoles de couches hautes. Nous proposons un routage optimal en ce qui concerne la stabilité des liens, le délai de bout-en-bout, et la conservation d'énergie avec et sans assistance/initiation du réseau. Nous proposons plusieurs mécanismes cross-layer qui visent à résoudre le problème de routage dans MANETs tout en augmentant la performance des métriques de QoS importantes tel que la stabilité du chemin, la consommation d'énergie, le délai de bout-en-bout. En outre, nous identifions les avantages et les inconvénients des architectures inter-couche par rapport à l'architecture en couche traditionnelle pour améliorer la performance de protocoles de communication dans un environnement sans fil<br>This dissertation focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of 802. 11-based cross-layer mechanisms for the enhancement of the support of the QoS feature. Before the cross-layer study, we have also explored the idea of enhancing separately a communications layer; namely the existing 802. 11e MAC protocol which is designed for the QoS support. Although the improvements achieved, this study shows the limitations of the layered architecture that demonstrated its good performance in wired networks. Due to the large number of cross-layer cooperation possibilities, we emphasize, in this work, on the cooperation between the MAC and the network layers. We believe that the cooperation between these two layers provides better performance improvement than the cooperation between other layers. In particular, we focus on the problem of routing data packets in a way that takes into account channel contention level, network characteristics, and higher-layer protocol requirements. We address the optimal routing with regard to links stability, average end-to-end delay, and energy conservation with and without assistance/initiation from the network. We design several cross-layer mechanisms that aim to overcome the issue of routing in MANETs while enhancing important QoS metrics (path stability, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, etc. ). To this end, we extract the adequate parameters from both MAC and network layers and adapt them to provide QoS enhancement based on new inter-layer cooperation algorithms. Furthermore, we identify the challenges that face the cross-layer architectures comparing to the traditional layered architecture for enhancing communication protocols
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Abdelhamid, Zebdi. "DZ-MAODV : nouveau protocole de routage multicast pour les réseaux adhoc mobiles basé sur les zones denses." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1323/1/000135082.pdf.
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Cole, Min. "Implementation of Person-Centered Care [PCC]." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505202/.
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To meet the growing demand for community-based adult services (CBAS) adult day health care (ADHC) programs, it is important these programs make the necessary modifications in their systems of care to embrace a person-centered care (PCC) model. This study was designed to create an assessment to determine a community-based CBAS/ADHC program's readiness to meet the new federal standards as determined by the program's current operational evidence and by center participants', their families' as well as staff's perspectives. This was measured by self-report of access to the community, choice of setting, individual rights, autonomy and independence, choice of services and supports, center accessibility as well as their needs and preferences in the practice. Results will assist similar CBAS/ADHCs in identifying the necessary modifications within their own program to continue as a certified licensed entity and remain a viable agency.
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Cole, Min. "Implementation of Person-Centered Care (PCC): A Descriptive Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505202/.
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To meet the growing demand for community-based adult services (CBAS) adult day health care (ADHC) programs, it is important these programs make the necessary modifications in their systems of care to embrace a person-centered care (PCC) model. This study was designed to create an assessment to determine a community-based CBAS/ADHC program's readiness to meet the new federal standards as determined by the program's current operational evidence and by center participants', their families' as well as staff's perspectives. This was measured by self-report of access to the community, choice of setting, individual rights, autonomy and independence, choice of services and supports, center accessibility as well as their needs and preferences in the practice. Results will assist similar CBAS/ADHCs in identifying the necessary modifications within their own program to continue as a certified licensed entity and remain a viable agency.
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Khan, Tehmina Karamat. "Resilience Routing in AdHoc Networks. A decision based routing tree mechanism that can establish routes in adhoc network, which may than be configured into logical dual ring. Also a system is proposed to embed the QoS mechanisms, resilience and reliability features from RPR." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4871.
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As the number of people using wireless networks is increasing, the need to reduce the
vulnerability of wireless networks from node or link failures that cause loss of data is
becoming a priority. Also the present techniques and topologies used for wireless
networking are not sufficient to handle the traffic load even if we solve the issues of
reliability and resilience. Packet loss or delay is increasingly likely due to the increase in
the number of packets as technology is evolving and more video and voice packets along
with the data packets are being transmitted. Only the efficient and intelligent use of the
shared medium can solve the problem and help in avoiding the collision or delay among
the packets using a newly proposed intelligent topology.
Wireless technology offers the potential to replace wires from many applications,
particularly for the rapid deployment of networks for permanent or temporary use. Fiber_
optic metropolitan area networks (WAN) provide security and resilience. A target of the
research was to match this in the wireless environment. This research investigates the
suitability if using wireless technology for the establishment of a MAN by adding
features to enhance resilience. We proposed a mechanism that may be rapidly deployed
and provide automatic configuration.
Research work and simulation design has been used to develop a new wireless network
topology for an efficient and intelligent packet transmission by identifying reliable routes.
This novel idea will help give wireless as well as mobile technology a clear edge over
wired technology, not only in the case of mobility but also in the case of security of data
and other services. A decision based routing tree mechanism has been developed, that can
establish routes in an ad-hoc network which may than be configured into a logical dual
ring. At the same time the proposed system proposes to embed the quality of service
mechanisms, resilience, and reliability features from RPR.
The simulations were created using Microsoft Visual Studio.Net for the Decision based
routing algorithm. The results were compared with an existing LAR algorithm. We have
obtained 95% confidence intervals on all the performance analysis results to indicate
accuracy.
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Noteboom, Emilie Jeannette. "Critical analysis of Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer's Christian-historical principle, with a comparative critical analysis of his argument of 'history' with that of Edmund Burke's as used in their critique of the French Revolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6233d0bf-9fd2-4c4a-ad1c-9becb5cd514c.
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This thesis provides an analytical interpretation of the critique Dutch nineteenth-century statesman-cum-historian Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (1801-1876) articulated of French revolutionary ideology. It achieves an original reading of Groen's thought as Protestant right-order theory. This reading achieves a clarification of the functions that Scripture, 'nature', and 'history' have in his thought, and connects his thinking to that of a small group of contemporary British-based political theologians, notably Oliver and Joan Lockwood O'Donovan, and their minority view on the ontological grounding of justice. Our comparison of Groen's argument of 'history' with that of Edmund Burke achieves original critical leverage on their concepts of 'history', and draws out that Burke's critique of the Revolution purposes to re-affirm English common law, while Groen's is an apologia for Christianity.
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Malmstedt, Johanna, and Cecilia Sjödin. "Utmaningen men intern innovation i konsultverksamheter : Hur förutsättningarna struktur och kultur påverkar." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40959.
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Alla organisationer i dagens samhälle behöver innovation för att lyckas överleva på den ständigt föränderliga marknaden. Organisationer behöver därmed bedriva innovationsarbete inom sina verksamheter för att behålla och skapa konkurrensfördelar. När man arbetar med innovation är det gynnsamt att känna till vilka förutsättningar som främjar och hämmar innovation inom sin verksamhet. I denna studie har det studerats hur förutsättningarna struktur och kultur främjar respektive hämmar den interna innovationen i konsultverksamheter. För att genomföra studien och uppnå syftet gjordes en fallstudie i en konsultverksamhet där data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsatserna som drogs var att konsultverksamheter som har en adhoc-struktur och en innovativ kultur kan främja den externa innovationen och hämma den interna innovationen.<br>Today, organizations need innovation to survive on the constantly changing market. Organizations thereby needs innovation to work with innovation internally to keep and create competitive advantages. When working with innovation is it favorable to be aware of the pre-conditions that encourages and hamper innovation. In this study the pre-conditions structure and culture has been researched and how they encourage and hamper with the internal innovation in consultant agencies. To finish the research and fulfill the purpose of the study a case study was made with semi-structured interviews within a consultant agency. The conclusion is that consultant agencies with an adhoc-structure and an innovative culture can encourage the external innovation and can hamper the internal innovation.
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MADATHIL, DILIP KUTTY. "A MULTIPATH ROUTING FRAMEWORK FOR UNIFORM RESOURCE UTILIZATION WITH SERVICE DIFFERENTIATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1066674642.
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Chaney, Antwan. "QUALITY OF SERVICE PARAMETERS WITHIN A MIXED NETWORK FOR THE INET ENVIRONMENT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604405.
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ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>The focus of the integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) project is to enhance the current telemetry technology (IRIG106) and still maintain the reliability of the current technology. The Mixed Networking environment is composed of a wired network based on standard 802.11 and a modified wireless based on 802.11. Determining the viability of the networking scheme within the iNET project is critical. The QoS features such as delay and jitter are measures of performance specified by user conditions. These QoS features are measured against current legacy links. This paper will show a comparison of the three QoS levels (best effort, assured, and premium services) that the network provides and investigate QoS performance of the Mixed Network in the iNET environment. This will provide a framework for assessing the strength and weakness of the Mixed Network as well as scoping further research.
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Astatke, Yacob. "Distance Measures for QOS Performance Management in Mixed Networks." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606197.
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ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry effort (iNET) was launched to create a telemetry network that will enhance the traditional point-to-point telemetry link from test articles (TAs) to ground stations (GS). Two of the critical needs identified by the Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) are, "the need to be able to provide reliable coverage in potentially high capacity environments, even in Over-The-Horizon (OTH) settings", and "the need to make more efficient use of spectrum resources through dynamic sharing of said resources, based on instantaneous demand thereof". Research conducted at Morgan State University (MSU) has focused on providing solutions for both critical problems. The Mixed Network architecture developed by MSU has shown that a hybrid network can be used to provide coverage for TAs that are beyond the coverage area of the GS. The mixed network uses clustering techniques to partition the aggregate network into clusters or sub-networks based on properties of each TA, which currently include signal strengths, and location. The paper starts with a detailed analysis of two parameters that affect the performance of each sub-network: contention between the TAs in the mobile ad-hoc network, and queuing at the Gateway TAs that serve as the link between the mobile ad-hoc and the Cellular networks. Contention and queuing will be used to evaluate two performance (distance) measures for each sub-network: throughput and delay. We define a new distance measure known as "power", which is equal to the ratio of throughput over delay, and is used as a measure of performance of the mixed network for Quality of Service (QOS). This paper describes the analytical foundation used to prove that the "power" performance measure is an excellent tool for optimizing the clustering of a mixed network to provide QOS.
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Martínez, Rodríguez Susana Eva. "Distribución de las alcohol deshidrogenasas ADH1 y ADH4 en tejidos de rata. Relevancia en el metabolismo de etanol y retinoides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3482.
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Se ha abordado el estudio detallado de la localización de distintas formas de alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH) en tejidos de rata y, en particular, en el sistema vascular, tracto gastrointestinal, sistema nervioso central y tejidos oculares. Se han estudiado esencialmente ADH1 y ADH4, que son los enzimas más relevantes en la oxidación de etanol a acetaldehído, y en la oxidación de retinol a retinal en la vía de síntesis del ácido retinoico.<br/>ADH4 se detectó como la forma principal en los vasos sanguíneos de la rata, mientras que en los vasos humanos ADH1B era el enzima predominante. Tanto ADH1 como ADH4, se han detectado a lo largo de todo el tracto gastrointestinal, principalmente en la mucosa, variando su cantidad relativa y su ubicación celular en función del área estudiada. ADH4 es más abundante en las partes más externas del tracto (boca, esófago, colon y recto), mientras que ADH1 es la forma mayoritaria en el intestino. En el cerebro, mediante hibridación in situ, ambas formas de ADH se han localizado en el cerebelo, formación hipocampal y áreas muy concretas de la corteza cerebral, mostrando colocalización en algunos tipos celulares y una expresión específica en otros. La inmunodetección de ADH4 en homogeneizados de diferentes regiones cerebrales ha confirmado la presencia de la proteína en áreas concretas del SNC donde también se ha localizado su mRNA. Ambas clases han sido también detectadas en el sistema ventricular y vascular asociado al SNC. En los tejidos oculares, la proteína ADH4 se ha localizado en la coroides, cuerpo ciliar, nervio óptico y en capas concretas de la córnea y retina.<br/>Finalmente, se ha comparado el patrón de expresión ADH en tejido hepático con el de una línea celular de hepatocarcinoma. La línea de hepatocarcinoma de rata H4IIEC3 mostró la expresión de ADH1 y ADH3, presentes en hígado normal, y, además, ADH4, ausente en hígado. Se investigó el efecto del ácido retinoico sobre la expresión de cada una de las tres formas de ADH. Se ha observado un aumento de los niveles de mRNA de ADH1 y un descenso de los de ADH4, mientras que los niveles de mRNA de ADH3 se mantuvieron constantes.<br/>La distribución de ADH1 y ADH4, junto con sus propiedades cinéticas y su regulación, permiten inferir algunas de sus funciones fisiológicas en el metabolismo del etanol y de los retinoides, la reducción de aldehídos citotóxicos derivados de la peroxidación lipídica, el catabolismo de las catecolaminas, etc. Asimismo, el metabolismo endógeno de etanol, proporciona una base molecular para comprender las alteraciones causadas por el abuso del alcohol en determinados órganos y tejidos. En este sentido, proponemos la hipótesis de que algunos de los efectos tóxicos del etanol podrían explicarse por la interferencia, a nivel de la ADH, con la vía de síntesis del ácido retinoico.
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Deaton, Juan D. "Evaluation of Dynamic Channel and Power Assignment Techniques for Cognitive Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42165.
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This thesis provides three main contributions with respect to the Dynamic Channel and
Power Assignment (DCPA) problem. DCPA refers to the allocation of transmit power and
frequency channels to links in a cognitive dynamic spectrum network so as to maximize the
total number of feasible links while minimizing the aggregate transmit power. In order to
provide a method to compare related, yet disparate, work, the first contribution of this thesis
is a unifying optimization formulation to describe the DCPA problem. This optimization
problem is based on maximizing the number of feasible links and minimizing transmit power
of a set of communications links in a given communications network. Using this optimization
formulation, this thesis develops its second contribution: a evaluation method for comparing
DCPA algorithms. The evaluation method is applied to five DPCA algorithms representative
of the DCPA literature . These five algorithms are selected to illustrate the tradeoffs
between control modes (centralized versus distributed) and channel/power assignment
techniques. Initial algorithm comparisons are done by analyzing channel and power assignment
techniques and algorithmic complexity of five different DCPA algorithms. Through
simulations, algorithm performance is evaluated by the metrics of feasibility ratio and average
power per link. Results show that the centralized algorithm Minimum Power Increase
Assignment (MPIA) has the overall best feasibility ratio and the lowest average power per
link of the five algorithms we investigated. Through assignment by the least change in
transmit power, MPIA minimizes interference and increases the number of feasible links.
However, implementation of this algorithm requires calculating the inverse of near singular
matrices, which could lead to inaccurate results. The third contribution of this thesis is a
proposed distributed channel assignment algorithm, Least Interfering Channel and Iterative
Power Assignment (LICIPA). This distributed algorithm has the best feasibility ratio and
lowest average power per link of the distributed algorithms. In some cases, LICIPA achieves
90% of the feasibility ratio of MPIA, while having lower complexity and overall lower average
run time.<br>Master of Science
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Tetor, Kamil. "Posouzení informačního systému firmy a návrh změn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316716.
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The diploma thesis deals with analysis of project management information system within company Aprova s.r.o. and subsequent draft of new solution to increase efficiency of processes associated with the system. The teoretical part offers the introduction to the topic of information systems. In the analytical part, the thesis reveals current status of the information system which was predominantly evaluated using the HOS 8 method. Based on the analyzes, the draft of new solution was designed. The new solution will ensure more efficient project management within the company.
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Perlaza, Samir. "Le Partage du Spectre dans les Réseaux Décentralisés Auto-Configurables : Une approche par la Théorie des Jeux." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure des telecommunications - ENST, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667124.
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Les travaux de cette thèse s'inscrivent tous dans la thématique " traitement du signal pour les réseaux de communications distribués ". Le réseau est dit distribué au sens de la décision. Dans ce cadre, le problème générique et important que nous avons approfondi est le suivant. Comment un terminal, qui a accès à plusieurs canaux de communications, doit-il répartir (de manière autonome) sa puissance d'émission entre ses canaux et l'adapter dans le temps en fonction de la variabilité des conditions de communications ? C'est le problème de l'allocation de ressources adaptative et distribuée. Nous avons développé 4 axes de travail qui ont tous conduits à des réponses originales à ce problème ; la forte corrélation entre ces axes est expliquée dans le manuscrit de thèse. Le premier axe a été l'alignement opportuniste d'interférence. Un des scénarios de référence est le cas où deux couples émetteur-récepteur communiquent en interférant (sur la même bande, en même temps, au même endroit, ...), où les 4 terminaux sont équipés de plusieurs antennes et où un émetteur est contraint de ne pas (ou peu) interférer sur l'autre (canal à interférence dit MIMO). Nous avons conçu une technique d'émission de signal multi-antennaire qui exploite l'observation-clé suivante et jamais exploitée auparavant: même lorsqu'un émetteur est égoïste au sens de ses performances individuelles, celui-ci laisse des ressources spatiales (dans le bon espace de signal et que nous avons identifié) vacantes pour l'autre émetteur. L'apport en performances en termes de débit par rapport aux meilleurs algorithmes existants a été quantifié grâce à la théorie des matrices aléatoires et des simulations Monte Carlo. Ces résultats sont particulièrement importants pour le scénario de la radio cognitive en milieu dense. Dans un second temps, nous avons supposé que tous les émetteurs d'un réseau sont libres d'utiliser leurs ressources de manière égoïste. Les ressources sont données ici par les canaux fréquentiels et la métrique individuelle de performance est le débit. Ce problème peut être modélisé par un jeu dont les joueurs sont les émetteurs. Une de nos contributions a été de montrer que ce jeu est un jeu de potentiel, ce qui est fondamental pour la convergence des algorithmes distribués et l'existence d'équilibre de Nash. De plus, nous avons montré l'existence d'un paradoxe de Braess : si l'espace d'optimisation d'un joueur grandit, les performances individuelles et globales peuvent s'en trouver réduites. Cette conclusion a une conséquence pratique immédiate : il peut y a voir intérêt de restreindre le nombre de canaux fréquentiels utilisables dans un réseau à interférence distribué. Dans le jeu précédent, nous avions constaté que les algorithmes distribués d'allocation de ressources (les algorithmes d'apprentissage par renforcement typiquement) demandent un grand nombre d'itérations pour converger vers un état stable tel qu'un équilibre de Nash. Nous avons ainsi proposé un nouveau concept de solution d'un jeu, à savoir l'équilibre de satisfaction ; les joueurs ne modifient pas leur action, même si celle-ci ne maximise pas leur gain, pourvu qu'un niveau minimal de performance soit atteint. Nous avons alors développé une méthodologie d'étude de cette solution (existence, unicité, convergence, ...). Une de nos contributions a aussi été de donner des algorithmes d'apprentissage qui convergent vers cette solution en un temps fini (et même court génériquement). De nombreux résultats numériques réalisés dans des scénarios imposés par Orange ont confirmé la pertinence de cette nouvelle approche. Le quatrième axe de travail a été la conception de nouveaux algorithmes d'apprentissage qui convergent vers des solutions de type équilibre logit, epsilon-équilibre ou équilibre de Nash. Notre apport a été de montrer comment modifier les algorithmes existants pour que ceux-ci évitent les phénomènes de cycles et convergent vers un équilibre présélectionné au départ de la dynamique. Une idée importante a été d'introduire une dynamique d'apprentissage de la fonction métrique de performances en couplage avec la dynamique principale qui régit l'évolution de la distribution de probabilité sur les actions possibles d'un joueur. Le cadre de ces travaux est parfaitement réaliste d'un point de vue informatif au niveau des terminaux en pratique. Il est montré une voie possible pour améliorer l'efficacité des points de convergence, ce qui constitue un problème encore ouvert dans ce domaine.
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INAGAKI, Yasuyoshi, Katsuhiko KAJI, Nobuo KAWAGUCHI, 康善 稲垣, 克彦 梶 та 信夫 河口. "Appliance Bonding : 情報家電間連携の動的な指示手法". 一般社団法人情報処理学会, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15399.
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Mráz, Ľubomír. "Realizace bezdrátové senzorové sítě s mikrokontroléry Atmel AVR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218273.
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This diploma thesis describes the standard IEEE802.15.4 and Zigbee for wireless sensor networks. These norms are described in detail in the first two chapters. The main priority of the wireless sensor networks is to minimize the power of the devices and the price while maximizing the reliability of the data transfer. Minimum consumption is provided by the significantly lowered complexity in comparison to the standard wireless networks. Further, the design of the concept of the complex and universal hardware platform focused on intelligent building is described. Software implementation of those norms is described in the chapters five and six. Finally, comparison of the designed hardware platform and the other commercial platforms is described in the last chapter.
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Stanojevic, Nadia. "The yeast cap-binding complex is co-transcriptionally recruited to the ADH1 gene and is not required for recruitment of the elongation, RNA 3'-end formation and export machineries in vivo /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1079658481&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ahmed, Junaid. "Spectral efficiency of CDMA based ad-hoc networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spectral-efficiency-of-cdma-based-adhoc-networks(f6d958ac-6778-416e-80a5-2318956dbaf2).html.
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Spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency are two important attributes driving innovation in wireless communication. Efficient spectrum utilization and sharing with multiple access techniques and using under-utilized spectra by cognitive radios is the current focus due to the scarcity and cost of the available radio spectrum. Energy efficiency to increase operating time of portable handheld devices like smartphones that handle simultaneous voice/video streaming and web browsing and battery powered nodes in a sensor network where battery capacity determines the lifetime of the network is another area attracting researchers. The focus of this thesis is the spectral efficiency of multicarrier code division multiple access (CDMA) in wireless ad-hoc networks. Furthermore, energy efficiency to maximize lifetime of a network are also studied.In a multicarrier CDMA system inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to carrier frequency offset and multiple access interference (MAI) are two major factors that deteriorate the performance. Previous work in this area has been mostly focused on simulation results due to the complexity of the analysis due to the large number of random variables involved. Taking into account accurate statistical models for ICI and MAI that account for the correlation between adjacent subcarriers, this thesis presents new mathematical analysis for the spectral efficiency of multicarrier CDMA communication systems over a frequency selective Rayleigh fading environment. We analyze and compare three multicarrier CDMA schemes which are multicarrier CDMA, multicarrier direct-sequence CDMA and multitone CDMA. We also present simulation results to confirm the validity of our analysis. We also analyze the performance of three simple multiple access techniques or coexistence etiquettes in detail, which are simple to implement and do not require any central control. Accurate interference models are developed and are used to derive accurate expressions for packet error rates in the case of direct sequence CDMA and slotted packet transmission schemes. These results are then used to study the performance of the coexistence etiquettes and compare them with each other. Finally we present a new joint node selection and power allocation strategy that increases lifetime of an ad-hoc network where nodes cooperate to enable diversity in transmission.
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Spyridakis, Georgios George. "Antenna reduction techniques in MIMO systems and ad-hoc networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/antenna-reduction-techniques-in-mimo-systems-and-adhoc-networks(d6b8e0ab-cd13-4c65-9be6-efd9e22c7e39).html.
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In this thesis, an antenna reduction technique in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, which is called Code Shift Keying (CSK) Modulation, is introduced. With the use of Walsh Hadamard orthogonal spreading codes, we overcome the biggest drawback of conventional Spatial Modulation (SM) which is the antenna index estimation errors due to channel correlation. Also SM fails to perform in non normalised channel conditions. The combination of orthogonal spreading codes and antenna devices, as a means to convey information at the receiver, results in a remarkable performance improvement at the receiver.Moreover, an improved scheme that uses half the amount of spreading codes so as to represent the total number of information bits has been introduced leading to an important reduction in bandwidth usage. By maintaining the net spreading levels of the system we attain remarkable performance improvements.A technique called Polarisation Assisted Space Shift Keying Modulation (PASSK) has also been proposed which manages to exploit the polarisation domain and it is able to outperform the conventional SM technique as well as the Maximal Ratio Receiver Combine (MRRC) and Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) schemes. A new precoding scheme that manages to either eliminate or exploit the cross polarisation effects has also been proposed as a complementary study of the PASSK scheme.As modern and future communications show a rising demand for higher data transmission rates, network coding is increasingly incorporated in wireless communication standards. In harmonisation with this trend, this thesis discusses the main state-of-art network coding schemes. The contribution here includes a number of innovative schemes that are able to further increase throughput. Finally, the employment of network coding is discussed in conjunction with CSK Modulation resulting to further improvement in terms of throughput as well as Bit Error Rate (BER) performance at the cost of increased bandwidth usage.
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Hadded, Mohamed. "Design and optimization of access control protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0023/document.
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Les accidents routiers et leurs dommages représentent un problème croissant dans le monde entier. Dans ce contexte, les réseaux véhiculaires (VANETs) peuvent être déployés pour réduire les risques et pour améliorer le confort. Ils permettent aux véhicules d'échanger différents types de données qui vont des applications de sécurité et de gestion du trafic aux applications de confort. De nos jours, les applications de sécurité sont l’objet de beaucoup d'attention des chercheurs ainsi que des fabricants d'automobiles. Dans cette thèse, nous étudierons les applications critiques pour la sécurité routière visant à fournir une assistance dans des situations dangereuses ou difficiles. Notre objectif principal sera de proposer de nouveaux protocoles de contrôle d'accès au support de transmission (MAC) et de routage, qui peuvent s’adapter dynamiquement aux changements fréquents de topologies des VANETs. Après un aperçu des protocoles d’accès sans contention dans les VANETs, nous proposons des solutions basées sur la technique de division du temps: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). D’abord, nous nous concentrons sur le développement d’un nouveau protocole distribué (DTMAC), qui ne repose pas sur l’utilisation d’infrastructure. DTMAC utilise les informations de localisation et un mécanisme de réutilisation des slots pour assurer que les véhicules accèdent au canal efficacement et sans collision. Les résultats obtenus ont confirmé l’efficacité de notre protocole, DTMAC se comporte très significativement mieux que VeMAC (protocole MAC basé sur TDMA.) Ensuite nous proposons TRPM, un protocole de routage basé sur une approche cross-layer. Dans TRPM, l’ordonnancement des slots TDMA construit par DTMAC et la position de la destination sont utilisés pour choisir le meilleur relais. Les résultats montrent que TRPM offre de meilleures performances, du nombre moyen de relais et de la fiabilité de livraison des messages comparé à d’autres protocoles. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous focaliserons sur les mécanismes centralisés d’allocation de slots qui utilisent des coordinateurs. D’abord, nous proposons CTMAC, un protocole basé sur TDMA centralisé utilisant les RSUs (RoadSide Units) pour créer et maintenir les ordonnancements. CTMAC met en œuvre un mécanisme qui permet d’empêcher les “Access Collisions” de se produire plus que deux fois entre les véhicules qui tentent d’acquérir un même slot disponible. Les résultats ont montré que CTMAC permet de mieux minimiser les collisions, ainsi que le surcoût généré pour créer et maintenir les ordonnancements par rapport aux protocoles MAC, basés sur TDMA distribué. Cependant, dans CTMAC, les véhicules roulant vite devront acquérir des nouveaux slots après une courte période de temps à chaque fois qu’ils quittent les zones de leurs RSUs courants. Cette situation rend les protocoles centralisés inefficaces et couteux dans les réseaux à grande vitesse. Afin de pallier à ce problème inhérent à l’utilisation des RSUs, nous adaptons un algorithme d’ordonnancement basé sur le clustering dans lequel certains véhicules sont élus pour gérer l'accès au canal. Ceci permet aux véhicules de rester attachés à leurs clusters plus longtemps. Pour ce faire, nous proposons 1- un protocole de clustering nommé AWCP afin de former des clusters stables avec une longue durée de vie. AWCP est basé sur l’algorithme de clustering pour les réseaux mobiles WCA dans lequel les têtes des clusters sont élues en se basant sur une fonction de poids. 2- Nous formulons le réglage des paramètres de protocole AWCP comme un problème d’optimisation multi-objective et nous proposons un outil d’optimisation qui combine la version multi-objective de l’algorithme génétique appelé NSGA-II avec le simulateur de réseau ns-2 pour trouver les meilleurs paramètres du protocole AWCP. 3- Nous proposons ASAS, une stratégie adaptative pour l’attribution des slots temporels basée sur une approche cross-layer entre TDMA et AWCP<br>Road crashes and their damages represent a serious issue and are one of the main causes of people death. In this context, Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are deployed to reduce the risk of road accident as well as to improve passengers’ comfort by allowing vehicles to exchange different kinds of data which ranges widely from road safety and traffic management to infotainment. Nowadays, safety applications are receiving a great deal of attention from researchers as well as from automobile manufacturers. In this thesis, we particularly focus on safety-critical applications, designed to provide drivers assistance in dangerous situations and to avoid accidents in highway environments. Such applications must guarantee to the vehicles access to the medium and have strict requirements regarding end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio. Therefore, our main goal is to propose new medium access control and routing protocols, which can efficiently adapt to frequent changing VANET network topologies. After a comprehensive overview of free-contention MAC protocols, we propose several solutions, based on Time Division Multiple Access Technique (TDMA). We have designed DTMAC, a fully distributed TDMA-based MAC protocol, which does not rely on an expensive infrastructure. DTMAC uses vehicles’ locations and a slot reuse concept to ensure that vehicles in adjacent areas have collision-free schedule. Using simulations, we prove that DTMAC provides a lower rate of access and merging collisions than VeMAC, a well-known TDMA based MAC protocol in VANET. Then, in order to ensure that event-driven safety messages can be sent over a long distance, we propose TRPM, a TDMA aware Routing Protocol for Multi-hop communication. Our routing scheme is based on a cross layer approach between the MAC and the routing layers, in which the intermediate vehicles are selected using TDMA scheduling information. Simulation results show that TRPM provides better performances in terms of average end-to-end delay, average number of hops and average delivery ratio. In the second part, we focus on coordinator-based TDMA scheduling mechanisms. First, we propose the Centralized TDMA based MAC protocol (CTMAC) which uses Road Side Units (RSUs) as a central coordinator to create and maintain the TDMA schedules. CTMAC implements an Access Collision Avoidance mechanism that can prevent the access collision problem occurring more than twice between the same vehicles that are trying to access the channel at the same time. Using simulation we show an improvement in terms of access and merging collisions as well as the overhead required to create and maintain the TDMA schedules compared to distributed scheduling mechanisms. However, in the CTMAC protocol, fast moving vehicles will need to compete for new slots after a short period of time when they leave their current RSU area, which makes a centralized scheduling approach very expensive. In order to further improve the performance of coordinator-based TDMA scheduling mechanisms, we focus on cluster-based TDMA MAC protocols in which some vehicles in the network are elected to coordinate the channel access, allowing the vehicles to remain connected with their channel coordinator for a longer period of time. To this end, first we propose an adaptive weighted clustering protocol, named AWCP, which is road map dependent and uses road IDs and vehicle directions to make the clusters’ structure as stable as possible. Then, we formulate the AWCP parameter tuning as a multi-objective problem and we propose an optimization tool to find the optimal parameters of AWCP to ensure its QoS. Next, we propose ASAS, an adaptive slot assignment strategy for a cluster-based TDMA MAC protocol. This strategy is based on a cross layer approach involving TDMA and AWCP. The objective is to overcome the inter-cluster interference issue in overlapping areas by taking into account vehicles’ locations and directions when the cluster head assign slots
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Soua, Ahmed. "Vehicular ad hoc networks : dissemination, data collection and routing : models and algorithms." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919774.
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Each day, Humanity loses thousands of persons on roads when they were traveling to work, to study or even to distract. The financial cost of these injuries is also terrifying: Some statistics evaluate the financial cost of vehicle accidents at 160 billion Euro in Europe each year. These alarming figures have driven researchers, automotive companies and public governments to improve the safety of our transportation systems and communication technologies aiming at offering safer roads and smooth driving to human beings. In this context, Vehicular Adhoc Networks, where vehicles are able to communicate with each others and with existent road side units, emerge as a promising wireless technology able to enhance the vision of drivers and offer larger telematic horizon. VANETs promising applications are not only restricted to road safety but span from vehicle trafficoptimization like flow congestion control to commercial applications like file sharing and internet access. Safety applications require that their alert information is propagated to the concerned vehicles (located in the hazardous zone) with little delay and high reliability. For these reasons, this category of applications is considered as delay sensitive and broadcast-oriented nature. While classical blind flooding is rapid, its major drawback is its huge bandwidth utilization. In this thesis, we are interested on enhancing vehicular communications under different scenarios and optimizations: First, We focus on deriving a new solution (EBDR) to disseminate alert messages among moving vehicles while maintaining it efficient and rapid. Our proposal is based on directional antennas to broadcast messages and a route guidance algorithm to choose the best path for the packets. Findings confirmed the efficiency of our approach in terms of probability of success and end-to-end delays. Moreover, in spite of the broadcast nature of the proposed technique, all transmissions stop very soon after the arrival of a packet to its destination representing a strong feature in the conception of EBDR. Second, we propose a novel mathematical framework to evaluate the performance of EBDR analytically. Although most of the proposed techniques present in literature use experimental or simulation tools to defend their performance, we rely here on mathematical models to confirm our achieved results. Our proposed framework allows to derive meaningful performance metrics including the probability of transmission success and the required number of hops to reach thefinal destination. Third, we refine our proposed broadcast-based routing EBDR to provide more efficient broadcasting by adjusting the transmission range of each vehicle based on its distance to the destination and the local node density. This mechanism allows better minimization of interferences and bandwidth's saving. Furthermore, an analytical model is derived to calculate thetransmission area in the case of a simplified node distribution. Finally, we are interested on data collection mechanisms as they make inter-vehicle communications more efficient and reliable and minimize the bandwidth utilization. Our technique uses Q-learning to collect data among moving vehicles in VANETs. The aim behind using the learning technique is to make the collecting operation more reactive to nodes mobility and topology changes. For the simulation part, we compare it to a non-learning version to study the effect of the learning technique. Findings show that our technique far outperforms other propositions and achieves a good trade off between delay and collection ratio. In conclusion, we believe that the different contributions presented in this Thesis will improve the efficiency of inter-vehicle communications in both dissemination and data collection directions. In addition, our mathematical contributions will enrich the literature in terms of constructing suitable models to evaluate broadcasting techniques in urban zones
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Evers, Frank Richard. "Development of a liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometer method for clinical drugs of abuse testing with automated on-line extraction using turbulent flow chromatography." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-a-liquid-chromatography-ion-trap-mass-spectrometer-method-for-clinical-drugs-of-abuse-testing-with-automated-online-extraction-using-turbulent-flow-chromatography(c047da7d-eb8a-41d0-ad1c-830deca531dc).html.
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Aims The method for the confirmation of drugs of abuse for addiction testing within King’s College Hospital prior to 2008 was a labour intensive thin layer chromatography method. To replace this with a faster method more suited to future requirements, the laboratory bought a liquid chromatography system with ion trap mass spectrometric detection. The development of the routine analytical method and the implementation of this method within the laboratory using on-line solid phase extraction and Turboflow® sample preparation will allow the laboratory to operate successfully in the field of clinical drugs of abuse testing in the future. Method Analyses are performed on an ion trap mass spectrometer with an electrospray ion source following reversed phase liquid chromatography, initially using on-line solid phase extraction with a Jasco XLC® series autosampler and pump and later a Thermo Turboflow® on-line extraction method with a CTC Combi-Pal® autosampler and Agilent 1100 series liquid chromatography system. Elution of drugs and metabolites is performed with a multi-step gradient of ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile, followed by regeneration of the extraction and analytical columns to starting conditions. Detection is achieved with a Thermo LCQ Fleet ion trap mass spectrometer with a combination of full spectrum survey scans, dedicated product ion scans, neutral loss scans and data dependent product ion scans in two analysis segments. Total run time is only 20 minutes, allowing a throughput of around 65 samples per day. Results The methods include the novel combination of the elimination of any hydrolysis step, on-line SPE or Turboflow extraction, detection of multiple drug groups, full spectrum analysis and library matching, the use of data dependent scans and ion trap mass spectrometry using MS3 and neutral loss scans. The methods developed were validated using a departmental method validation protocol and accepted for routine use. Simultaneous detection of over fifty analytes has been found possible in a range of clinically relevant drug groups, including opiates, amphetamines, methadone, propoxyphene, cocaine, ketamine and their metabolites. The use of neutral loss scans and product ion scans of phase 2 drug metabolites permits the addition of previously unidentified drugs and metabolites to the method, allowing the laboratory’s services to develop in line with requirements of the service. Quality is maintained through the use of standard operating procedures, staff training, quality control samples and external quality assessment. Conclusion Drugs of abuse testing is key for treatment and monitoring of drug addiction. The introduction of modern mass spectrometry techniques has reduced the turnaround time of routine analysis for a range of drugs and metabolites and increased the range of drugs that can be analysed. The methods introduced have revolutionised testing at King’s College Hospital and produced a method which is capable of evolving with the needs of the service to keep abreast of future requirements of the service.
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Al-Bargash, Dana. "Effect of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) Polymorphisms on Total Plasma Homocysteine Levels." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1500.
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BACKGROUND: Evidence supports that an elevated level of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) signifies a breakdown in the methionine-homocysteine cycle. This may result in folate deficiency, DNA methylation and oxidative stress, all of which are potential mechanisms that may lead to cancer. Few studies examined the effects of alcohol consumption on tHcy levels. No studies considered polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C), a gene that encodes for an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol to acetaldehyde, a folate antagonist; ADH1C*1 encodes for an enzyme with a higher capacity to generate acetaldehyde than ADH1C*2.
PURPOSE: This study examined the association between alcohol intake and risk of elevated tHcy while exploring a potential gene-environment interaction with polymorphisms in ADH1C.
METHOD: This was a case-control study nested in a larger cross-sectional study funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The target population was recruited from Kingston and Halifax from 2006 to 2008 and included 100 cases and 187 controls selected from healthy male and female subjects aged 20-50 years. Cases were defined as subjects with tHcy ≥ 10 mol/L and controls < 10 mol/L. Alcohol consumption was categorized into three groups: ≤12.0 g/day, 12.1–24.0 g/day, and >24.0 g/day. ADH1C was dichotomized by collapsing ADH1C*1/*2 and ADH1C*2/*2 into one group and examined against ADH1C*1/*1.
RESULTS: Compared to ≤12.0 g/day, odds ratio (OR) for 12.1-24.0 g/day was 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25-1.13] and for >24.0 g/day was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.60-2.24), suggesting a J-shaped trend with risk of elevated tHcy. A reduced OR was observed for ADH1C*1/*1 (OR= 0.52, 95% CI, 0.27-1.03). The alcohol-ADH1C interaction was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.21), though a stronger J-shape trend was suggested in ADH1C*1/*1. Among consumers of ≤12.0 g/day, a reduced measure of effect was observed for ADH1C*1/*1 (OR= 0.44, 95% CI, 0.19-1.00).
CONCLUSION: A J-shaped trend was suspected between risk of elevated tHcy and alcohol consumption. Additionally, a nonsignificant reduced effect of ADH1C*1/*1 on risk of elevated tHcy, with a more pronounced effect in the lowest group of alcohol consumption. This suggests that ADH1C may be associated to homocysteine through factors unrelated to alcohol intake.<br>Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-26 21:06:15.185
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"EFFECT OF VARYING DIETARY VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION LEVELS IN COMBINATION WITH ADH1C GENOTYPE ON INTRAMUSCULAR FAT DEPOSITION IN FINISHING BEEF STEERS." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-06-1580.
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Previously, ADH1Cc.-64T>C was shown to have an association with intramuscular fat (IMF) in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle when vitamin A was limited in finishing rations of beef steers. The purpose of the current study was to determine the optimum vitamin A supplementation level, in combination with ADH1C genotype, to increase IMF of the LT muscle. Forty-five TT, 45 CT and 27 CC cross-bred steers, black in colour, were backgrounded on a commercial ration containing 3360 IU vitamin A/kg DM. During finishing the steers were randomly assigned to one of three vitamin A treatments at 25, 50 and 75% of the NRC recommendation of 2200 IU/kg DM. Treatments were administered via an oral bolus. Carcass quality was evaluated and a sample from the LT muscle was collected for analysis of IMF. A treatment x genotype interaction (P=0.04) was observed for IMF; TT steers on the 75% treatment had higher IMF relative to CT and CC steers on the same treatment. Intramuscular fat was also higher for TT steers on the 75% treatment in comparison to TT steers on the 25% treatment. Eighty-four percent of the steers graded Canada AAA. Western blot analysis showed that TT steers had higher (P=0.02) ADH1C levels in hepatic tissue. Previously, TT steers had increased IMF when fed limited vitamin A. In the current study the lack of variation between treatments and genotypes at the lower vitamin A treatment levels was likely due to the majority of the steers grading Canada AAA (USDA Choice). However, the western blot data supports that TT steers are expected to have higher IMF deposition, due to an increase production of ADH1C.
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Yang, Hung-Wei, and 楊鴻煒. "Non-Adhoc Momentum Investing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33322993534080881127.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>財務金融研究所<br>99<br>We use XYZ three variables to describe the momentum investment strategy. In many momentum investments research, the better performance of the momentum strategy that formation period (X) is 52 weeks, the gap period (Y) is one month, and the holding period (Z) is six months (George, T., and Hwang, C.Y. (2004)). However, there are no academic theory support the 52-week high, so it does not mean that the 52-week high is the best criterion of momentum investing. In this study, we find that if the holding period less than three months, it has a better performance for the three months gap period strategy. The momentum strategy of different gap periods will influence on the investment performance.
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"Box constraint collections for adhoc constraints." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891469.
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Cheng Chi Kan.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-105).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.4<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Propagation Based Constraint Solving --- p.4<br>Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Valuations, Domains and Constraints" --- p.4<br>Chapter 2.1.2 --- Solving a CSP --- p.6<br>Chapter 2.1.3 --- Propagators --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.1.4 --- Domain Consistency --- p.8<br>Chapter 2.1.5 --- Bounds Consistency --- p.9<br>Chapter 2.1.6 --- Propagation-based Backtracking Search --- p.10<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Disjunction --- p.12<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- Speculative --- p.12<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- Cardinality --- p.12<br>Chapter 2.2.3 --- Constructive Disjunction --- p.13<br>Chapter 3 --- Box Constraint Collections --- p.15<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Box Constraint Collections --- p.15<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Separable Constraints --- p.17<br>Chapter 4 --- Building Box Constraint Collections --- p.22<br>Chapter 4.1 --- The bccFinder Algorithm --- p.22<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Heuristics for the bccFinder Algorithm --- p.30<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Order of Box Expansion --- p.30<br>Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Conditions of Box Expansion --- p.35<br>Chapter 5 --- Compiling BCCs into Indexicals --- p.37<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Indexicals --- p.37<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Basic Compilation --- p.45<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Optimizing Compilation --- p.49<br>Chapter 5.3.1 --- Subsumption Indexicals --- p.49<br>Chapter 5.3.2 --- Union Indexicals --- p.50<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Hybrid Approach --- p.71<br>Chapter 6 --- Experiments --- p.76<br>Chapter 7 --- Related Work --- p.93<br>Chapter 8 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.98<br>Chapter 8.1 --- Contributions --- p.98<br>Chapter 8.2 --- Future Work --- p.99
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Garimella, Ravi Kiran. "Dynamic localization of multiple mobile subjects in wireless adhoc networks." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2595.pdf.
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Wei-ChengSung and 宋偉程. "A Load Balanced Routing Protocol in Wireless AdHoc Networks with Voids." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85144466003411854130.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>電腦與通信工程研究所<br>98<br>Routing is a well studied topic in multi-hop wireless ad hoc network. Geographic based greedy forwarding is a popular strategy for its scalability and low complexity. However when voids exist in networks greedy forwarding creates congestion area around voids and decreases both network lifetime and throughput. In this thesis, a load balanced antivoid routing protocol is proposed. A virtual gradient over the network is constructed and packet flow will be uniformly distributed among contours to achieve in advance void avoidance and relay load balancing. The simulation result indicates that our protocol achieves longer network lifetime and better trade-off between load balancing and path stretching ratio. When packet generation rate rise the proposed protocol provides higher average throughput. The effectiveness of a density adapted extended version of the proposed protocol is also evaluated.