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1
Philipp, Anne. "Zirkulierende Spiegel von neuen Adipokinen bei Präeklampsie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-132604.
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In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gehören seit mehreren Jahren die kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen zu den häufigsten Todesursachen. Besondere Risiken für die Entstehung von Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems stellen arterielle Hypertonie, Glukoseintoleranz, Dyslipidämie und Adipositas dar. Diese Risikofaktoren werden unter dem Überbegriff Metabolisches Syndrom (MS) zusammengefasst und wachsen in den entwickelten Ländern zu einem globalen Problem heran. Insbesondere die Vermehrung des viszeralen Fettgewebes und die Entwicklung einer Insulinresistenz sind an der Pathophysiologie des MS beteiligt. Gesundheitliche Probleme steigen mit dem Ausmaß einer Adipositas. Ein Grund hierfür liegt in der Funktion des Fettgewebes als endokrines und parakrines Organ. Es produziert sogenannte Adipokine, welche als eine Vielzahl von Mediatoren in die Regulierung systemischer und lokaler Prozesse eingreifen. Die neueren Adipokine zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin wurden in den letzten Jahren bezüglich ihrer Rolle im humanen Metabolismus näher untersucht. ZAG entfaltet direkte und indirekte lipolytische Effekte und hat somit eine präventive Funktion gegenüber der Akkumulation von Fettgewebe und potentiell auch der damit assoziierten Erkrankungen. Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin beeinträchtigen den Glukosemetabolismus und sind von Relevanz für Inflammationsprozesse. Ferner wird eine Beteiligung dieser beiden Adipokine an der chronischen Entzündungsreaktion im Fettgewebe und der vaskulären Dysfunktion bei Adipositas sowie im Kontext von Vorgängen der Reproduktion angenommen. Da Facetten des MS für die gravierende kardiovaskuläre Schwangerschafts-komplikation Präeklampsie (PE) prädisponieren und Mutter als auch Kind nach einer solchen Schwangerschaft ein erhöhtes metabolisches und kardiovaskuläres Risiko besitzen, wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass ZAG, Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin bei PE hochreguliert und an der Entwicklung einer PE beteiligt sind. Für seit längerem bekannte Adipokine wurde in mehreren Studien bereits gezeigt, dass deren mütterliche Serumkonzentrationen bei PE signifikant erhöht sind. Für neuere Adipokine existieren jedoch in diesem Zusammenhang kaum Daten. Um die Vertreter ZAG, Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin näher zu beleuchten, wurden im Zuge dieser Dissertation die zirkulierenden Spiegel dieser Botenstoffe unter Einsatz spezifischer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays bei PE-Patientinnen bestimmt und mit entsprechenden Kontrollen verglichen. Beide Studiengruppen waren in den Untersuchungen zu den drei genannten Adipokinen für das Gestationsalter gematcht. Ferner wurden Assoziationen der drei Botenstoffe mit Markern für Inflammation, Nierenfunktion sowie Glukose- und Fettstoffwechsel untersucht.
Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden in der an erster Stelle genannten Publikation (Stepan, Philipp [equally contributing] et al., J Endocrinol Invest. 35, 562-5, 2012) erstmals die mütterlichen Serumspiegel des Adipokins ZAG bestimmt. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass die Serumkonzentrationen von ZAG bei PE-Patientinnen im Vergleich zu Kontrollen um das 1,4fache erhöht sind. Weiterhin wurde in uni- und multivariaten Analysen eine positive Korrelation von ZAG und Kreatinin, dem Marker der Nierenfunktion, belegt. In univariaten Analysen bestand außerdem eine positive Korrelation zwischen ZAG und systolischem und diastolischem Blutdruck, Triglyzeriden (TG) und Leptin sowie eine negative Korrelation von ZAG mit dem Geburtsgewicht. Zusammenfassend sind ZAG-Serumkonzentrationen bei PE signifikant erhöht und die renale Funktion stellt einen unabhängigen Prädiktor für diese dar.
Das Ziel der an zweiter Stelle genannten Studie (Stepan, Philipp et al., J Endocrinol Invest. 33, 629-32, 2010) lag darin zu untersuchen, ob die mütterlichen Lipocalin-2-Konzentrationen bei PE verändert sind. Die mittleren mütterlichen Lipocalin-2-Konzentrationen waren bei PE-Patientinnen im Vergleich zu Kontrollen signifikant 1,2fach erhöht. Univariate Analysen zeigten eine positive Korrelation von ZAG mit dem diastolischen Blutdruck, Kreatinin und dem C reaktiven Protein (CRP). Nach Adjustierung für das Alter blieb in multivariaten Analysen die unabhängige Assoziation der Lipocalin-2-Spiegel mit Kreatinin und CRP bestehen. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen somit die Hypothese erhöhter Lipocalin-2-Spiegel bei PE und zeigen eine unabhängige Assoziation des Inflammationsstatus und der Nierenfunktion mit Spiegeln des Adipokins.
In der an dritter Stelle dieser Dissertation stehenden Publikation (Stepan, Philipp [equally contributing] et al., Regulatory Peptides 168, 69-72, 2011) wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt und erstmals untersucht, ob zirkulierendes Chemerin im Serum bei PE-Patientinnen während und nach einer Schwangerschaft heraufreguliert ist. Die mediane mütterliche Konzentration von Chemerin bei PE-Patientinnen während der Schwangerschaft und 6 Monate nach Entbindung war im Vergleich zu Kontrollen signifikant erhöht. TG und Leptin waren in uni- und mulitvariaten Analysen positiv mit zirkulierendem Chemerin assoziiert. Weitere positive Korrelationen zeigten sich in univariaten Analysen zwischen Chemerin und systolischem sowie diastolischem Blutdruck, freien Fettsäuren, Cholesterin, TG, Adiponektin und CRP. Ob das im Anschluss einer PE-Schwangerschaft bestehende erhöhte Risiko für zukünftige metabolische und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen von Mutter und Kind im Zusammenhang mit den ebenso heraufregulierten Chemerinkonzentrationen steht, sollte in Langzeitbeobachtungen geklärt werden.
Für ZAG, Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin wurden somit erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen während der Schwangerschaft nachgewiesen. Diese Ergebnisse sind vereinbar mit der Hypothese, dass diese drei Adipokine in der Pathogenese und an den direkten und zukünftigen Risiken einer PE beteiligt sind. In Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse sollte in weiteren Studien geklärt werden, inwieweit die erhöhten mütterlichen Spiegel der drei Adipokine ursächlich mit der Schwangerschaftskomplikation verknüpft sind. Ferner gilt es näher zu beleuchten, über welche Mechanismen die drei Fettgewebshormone die metabolische und vaskuläre Gesundheit beeinflussen. Bei der weiteren Aufklärung der Physiologie von ZAG und Lipocalin-2 ist es weiterhin ratsam Marker der Nierenfunktion als Störvariablen mit zu berücksichtigen. Ob diese beiden Botenstoffe bei PE analog zu Chemerin nach der Schwangerschaft weiterhin heraufreguliert sind, gilt es ebenso zu untersuchen.
2
Lepper, Nina Christine [Verfasser]. "Organbezogene Adipokin- und Immunzellexpression bei der systemischen Sklerose / Nina Christine Lepper." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153334763/34.
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Lepper, Nina [Verfasser]. "Organbezogene Adipokin- und Immunzellexpression bei der systemischen Sklerose / Nina Christine Lepper." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:26-opus-134717.
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4
Hindricks, Janka. "Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 are increased in chronic and acute renal dysfunction." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-182270.
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The progressively increasing prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a major global health concern since the MetS is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Central obesity represents a key feature of the MetS and is strongly related to all MetS comorbidities. Dysregulation of adipose tissue-derived proteins, so called adipokines, has been implied to partially contribute to these effects. Recently, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been introduced as a novel insulin sensitizing and weight reducing adipokine with potential therapeutic properties.
However, data on FGF-21 elimination are rather limited. Therefore, FGF-21 regulation in relation to renal function has been investigated in a patient population with chronic kidney disease (CKD, study population 1), as well as one with acute kidney impairment (study population 2).
In study population 1 (n = 499), patients were distributed into five CKD subgroups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Median FGF-21 serum concentrations progressively increased from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 and highest values of FGF-21 were detected in stage 5 (1: 86.4 ng/l; 2: 206.4 ng/l; 3: 289.8 ng/l; 4: 591.3 ng/l; 5: 1918.1 ng/l). Furthermore, eGFR remained the strongest predictor for FGF-21 levels in multivariate analysis. For study population 2 (n = 32), blood samples were obtained before elective unilateral partial or total nephrectomy, as well as within 30 hours after surgery. In this population FGF-21 levels significantly increased after surgery (325.0 ng/l) as compared to before surgery (255.5 ng/l). Furthermore, relative changes of FGF-21 were independently and positively predicted by relative changes of creatinine in this cohort.
These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that FGF-21 is eliminated by the kidneys and that the extent of kidney dysfunction substantially contributes to serum FGF-21 levels. However, additional animal experiments and prospective clinical studies are needed to further elucidate the role of the kidneys in FGF-21 physiology.
5
Kratzsch, Dorothea Sophia. "Adipositas ist mit verminderter Spermienqualität und veränderten Konzentrationen an Adipokinen in Serum und Seminalplasma assoziiert." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-103681.
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In den letzten Jahren wurde ein inverser Zusammenhang zwischen der Zunahme an Fettgewebe und der Funktionalität von Spermatozoen festgestellt, dessen molekulare Ursachen weitgehend unbekannt sind. Möglichweise spielen Sekretionsprodukte des Fettgewebes, sogenannte Adipokine, dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Um diese Hypothese zu prüfen, wurden in einer Querschnittsstudie Sexualhormonkonzentionen, Spermiogrammparameter und die Konzentration der Adipokine Adiponektin, Leptin, Resistin, Chemerin, Vaspin, Visfatin (Nampt) und Progranulin im Serum von normalgewichtigen, präadipösen und adipösen Probanden bestimmt. Die Adipokinkonzentrationen im Serum wurden mit den korrespondierenden Werten im Seminalplasma (SP) verglichen. Desweiteren wurden die gemessenen Adipokinspiegel beider Körperflüssigkeiten auf Zusammenhänge mit Sexualhormonkonzentrationen im Blut und den Parametern des klassischen Spermiogramms (WHO) untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die altersgemachten präadipösen/adipösen Probanden signifikant weniger progressiv motile und normomorphe Spermatozoen aufwiesen als die Gruppe der Normalgewichtigen (p<0,05). In ihrem SP war die Konzentration von Adiponektin signifikant erniedrigt, während die von Chemerin im Vergleich zu normalgewichtigen Männern erhöht war (p<0,05). Außerdem konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die mittlere Konzentration von Adiponektin (400-fach), Leptin (5-fach), Resistin (1,5-fach) und Chemerin (1,5-fach) im Serum signifikant höher als die im SP war. Demgegenüber fand sich bei Vaspin (4-fach), Progranulin (50-fach) und Visfatin (100-fach) die Konzentration im SP signifikant erhöht. Bei Korrelationsanalysen unter Einschluss der Ergebnisse aus der Gesamtgruppe korrelierte von allen untersuchten Adipokinen nur die SP-Konzentration von Adiponektin direkt und signifikant mit der im Serum (p<0.01). Zudem zeigten Adiponektin, Chemerin und Progranulin im SP direkte Assoziation mit den Spermiogrammparametern Spermienkonzentration, Spermienanzahl und progressive Motilität (p<0.05). Wir konnten erstmals nachweisen, dass eine Vielzahl von Adipokinen im männlichen Reproduktionstrakt präsent sind und dort möglicherweise einen Einfluss auf die Spermienqualität in Abhängigkeit vom Körpergewicht haben könnten.
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Guerreiro, Giselle de Angelo Leite Carbonaro. "Efeito da adipocina chemerin na reabsorção ósseoa em modelo experimental de doença periodontal e hiperlipidemia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58135/tde-22062015-105138/.
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A periodontite é uma doença bucal infecto-inflamatória resultante da quebra da homeostase entre biofilme dentário e o hospedeiro. Diversos estudos tem mostrado que a obesidade e o sobrepeso são importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. O tecido adiposo representa um reservatório de mediadores inflamatórios. A chemerin é uma adipocina secretada pelo tecido adiposo e atua em numerosos processos fisiológicos, como metabolismo, proliferação e diferenciação celular. Levando em consideração que alterações de adiposidade, observadas por medidas antropométricas, estão relacionadas com maior incidência de periodontite, e que chemerin, uma citocina produzida por adipócitos, está envolvida na resposta inflamatória, nota-se uma lacuna na literatura que correlacione o papel de chemerin na progressão da doença periodontal. Portanto, o presente projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a participação da adipocina chemerin no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal em camundongos hiperlipidêmicos e avaliar o efeito desta adipocina sobre a diferenciação e ativação de células ósseas. No estudo in vivo, os animais foram submetidos ao modelo experimental de hiperlipidemia e/ou periodontite e divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo I: camundongos controle. Grupo II: camundongos controle infectados pela Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Grupo III: camundongos hiperlipidêmicos não infectados. Grupo IV: camundongos hiperlipidêmicos infectados pela Pg. As amostras foram coletadas depois de 15, 30 e 60 dias. No estudo in vivo, o modelo de dieta hiperlipidêmica adotado foi eficaz em aumentar os níveis circulantes de colesterol e chemerin, embora não tenha alterado o peso dos animais. Observa-se ainda maior adiposidade corporal mostrada pelo aumento de peso dos tecidos adiposos retroperitoneal e epididimal dos animais hiperlipidêmicos. Na análise morfométrica foi observada uma maior perda óssea no grupo hiperlipidêmico quando comparado ao controle e essa perda óssea foi semelhante ao observado no animal infectado por Pg. Foi observado que a expressão de chemerin na gengiva e plasma se correlacionam com marcadores de osteoclastos no tecido gengival e com a reabsorção alveolar. No estudo in vitro, foi observado que chemerin leva à maior formação de depósitos mineralizados em cultura de osteoblastos e maior reabsorção óssea em cultura de osteoclastos. Conclui-se que a hiperlipidemia provoca reabsorção óssea alveolar semelhante ao observado com infecção oral com P. gingivalis. Chemerin participa da reabsorção óssea alveolar visto que os níveis desta adipocina na gengiva e plasma se correlacionam com marcadores de osteoclastos no tecido gengival e com a reabsorção alveolar. Chemerin aumenta atividade de osteoblastos e osteoclastos in vitro.Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory oral disease resultant from the breaking of homeostasis between biofilm and the host. Several studies have shown that overweight and obesity are major risk factors for the development of periodontal disease. Adipose tissue is a reservoir of inflammatory mediators. The chemerin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and acts in numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Considering that adiposity changes, observed by anthropometric measurements, are related to higher incidence of periodontitis, and chemerin, a cytokine produced by adipocytes, is involved in the inflammatory response, there is a gap in the literature that correlates the paper chemerin in the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate the participation of chemerin adipokine in the development of periodontal disease in hyperlipidemic mice and evaluate the effect of this adipokine on the differentiation and activation of bone cells. In the in vivo study, the animals underwent to the experimental model of hyperlipidemia and / or periodontitis and divided into 4 groups: Group I: control mice. Group II: control mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Group III: hyperlipidemic mice not infected. Group IV: hyperlipidemic mice infected by Pg. Samples were collected after 15, 30 and 60 days. In the in vivo study, the model of hyperlipidemic diet adopted was effective in increasing circulating levels of cholesterol and chemerin, although it has not changed the weight of the animals. Greater body adiposity shown by the increased weight of the retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues of hyperlipidemic animals was observed. In morphometric analysis, we observed an increased bone loss in hyperlipidemic group compared to the control and that this bone loss was similar to the observed in animals infected with Pg. It was observed that the gum chemerin expression and plasma correlate with markers of osteoclast in the gingival tissue and alveolar resorption. In the in vitro study, it was observed that chemerin leads to increased formation of mineralized deposits in cultured osteoblasts and increased bone resorption in osteoclast culture. It concludes that hyperlipidemia causes alveolar bone resorption similar to that observed on oral infection with P. gingivalis. Chemerin participates in alveolar bone resorption, at the levels of this adipokine gum and plasma correlate with osteoclast markers in gingival tissue and alveolar resorption. Chemerin increases osteoblast activity and osteoclasts in vitro.
7
Krist, Joanna. "Die Rolle von Apelin bei Adipositas und gestörter Glukosetoleranz." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155107.
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Apelin ist ein Adipokin, das Einfluß auf die Glukosehomöostase hat und vermutlich eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation von Adipositas und den damit assoziierten Erkrankungen einnimmt. Die Effekte von Apelin scheinen metabolisch günstig zu sein.
In dieser Arbeit wurden zunächst Apelin-Serumkonzentrationen und metabolische Parameter bei 740 Studienteilnehmern bestimmt und in einer Querschnittsstudie (n=629) sowie in drei Interventionsstudien (n=111) dargestellt. In einer Subgruppe (n=161) wurde die mRNA-Expression von Apelin und dessen Rezeptor APJ im viszeralen und subkutanen Fettgewebe bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes genauer untersucht. Im Rahmen der Interventionsstuden wurde der Einfluß von 12 Wochen körperlichem Training (n=60), 6 Monaten hypokalorischer Mischkost (n=19) und bariatrischer Chirurgie (n=32) auf den Serum-Apelinspiegel sowie Zusammenhänge mit Gewichtsreduktion, verbesserter Insulinsensitivität und subklinischer Inflammation analysiert.
Die höchsten Apelin-Serumkonzentrationen fanden sich beim adipösen Typ-2-Diabetiker. Die Apelin-Serumkonzentration korrelierte aber auch unabhängig vom Bodymassindex signifikant mit Parametern für Insulinresistenz und subklinischer Inflammation. Die Apelin-Expression war in den unterschiedlichen Fettgewebsdepots bei normal glukosetoleranten Patienten gleich, beim Typ-2-Diabetiker mit insgesamt höherer Expression überwog sie im viszeralen Fettgewebe. Nach allen Interventionsstudien kam es zur Abnahme der Apelin-Serumkonzentration und korrelierte auch dann signifikant mit einer verbesserten Insulinsensitivität, wenn es zu keiner Gewichtsreduktion kam.
Die Apelinkonzentration im Serum sowie die Expression im Fettgewebe ist nicht nur vom Bodymassindex abhängig, sondern steht im direkten Zusammenhang mit Insulinsensitivität und inflammatorischen Prozessen. Die unterschiedliche fettdepotspezifische Regulation unterstreicht die pathogenetische Bedeutung eines „kranken“ viszeralen Fettgewebes in der Entwicklung von Typ-2-Diabetes, wobei Apelin als metabolisch günstiges Adipokin vermutlich eine kompensatorische Rolle einnimmt.
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Schaarschmidt, Wiebke. "Auswirkungen eines zwölfmonatigen kontrollierten Trainingsprogramms auf die Leptin-, Adiponectin- und Progranulin-Serumkonzentrationen sowie Parameter des Lipidstoffwechsels bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-78393.
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Die Prävalenz des Typ 2 Diabetes ist in den letzten Jahren deutlich angestiegen. Neben einer gesunden Ernährungsweise ist die Erhöhung der körperlichen Aktivität ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Basistherapie des Typ 2 Diabetes. Körperliches Training führt zu einer Reihe metabolischer Veränderungen wie zur Reduktion der Fettmasse, zur Verbesserung der Glukosehomöostase, des Lipidprofils und zur Normalisierung zirkulierender Adipokine aus dem Fettgewebe.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Auswirkungen eines zwölfmonatigen, kontrollierten, praxisnahen, kombinierten Kraft-Ausdauer-Trainingsprogramms auf das Körpergewicht, Parameter des Lipidstoffwechsels (Gesamt-, LDL-, HDL-Cholesterin- und Triglyzerid-Serumkonzentrationen) sowie die Serumkonzentrationen der Adipokine Leptin, Adiponectin und Progranulin bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes zu untersuchen.
Für die prospektive offene Interventionsstudie wurden initial 710 Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes untersucht, von denen 156 die Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien für die Studie erfüllten. Es wurden die Daten von 120 Patienten (77 Frauen, 43 Männer) analysiert, von denen nach Abschluss des zwölfmonatigen Trainingsprogramms vollständige Datensätze vorlagen. Die Patienten trainierten zweimal pro Woche für jeweils 60 + 15 Minuten bei 50-70% ihrer individuellen maximalen Leistungsfähigkeit, die zu Beginn der Studie mittels Spiroergometrie ermittelt wurde. Das Training umfasste jeweils 20 Minuten Aufwärm- und Abkühlphase, 20 Minuten Fahrradergometer-Training, 20 Minuten Training am Rudergerät und 20 Minuten Krafttraining an Krafttrainingsgeräten. Die Messung der Zielparameter erfolgte vor Beginn der Intervention sowie nach drei, sechs und zwölf Monaten körperlichen Trainings.
Das zwölfmonatige Trainingsprogramm führte zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Gesamt- und LDL-Cholesterin-, Triglyzerid- sowie der Progranulin-Serumkonzentrationen, während sich die zirkulierenden Leptinspiegel nicht veränderten. Die HDL-Cholesterin und Adiponectin-Serumkonzentrationen waren in Folge des Trainingsprogramms signifikant erhöht. Diese Veränderungen waren weitgehend unabhängig von der Entwicklung des Körpergewichts, das sich im Verlauf der Studie nicht signifikant veränderte.
Zusammengefasst zeigt die Untersuchung, dass ein zwölfmonatiges, moderates und praxistaugliches Trainingsprogramm signifikant und unabhängig von Verbesserungen des Körpergewichts die Serumkonzentrationen der Adipokine Adiponectin und Progranulin sowie von Parametern des Lipidstoffwechsels verbessert.
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Neves, Karla Bianca. "Efeito da adipocina chemerin sobre a reatividade vascular: análise em aortas de rato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-27092012-094715/.
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Embora seja na obesidade onde se observa hipertrofia e hiperplasia dos adipócitos e aumento da síntese e liberação de adipocinas, condição associada com resistência à insulina e disfunção endotelial, é de suma importância entender os efeitos biológicos de adipocinas, mais especificamente da adipocina chemerin, em condições não patológicas. Os mecanismos pelos quais as citocinas liberadas pelo tecido adiposo podem interferir na função vascular ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Além disso, praticamente não se conhecem os efeitos da citocina/adipocina chemerin sobre a função vascular. Levando-se em consideração que o receptor para chemerin está presente no músculo liso vascular e no endotélio, este trabalho avaliou a atividade biológica e celular desta adipocina sobre a vasculatura de animais não obesos. Investigou-se os efeitos produzidos por esta citocina na reatividade vascular, bem como os mecanismos pelos quais ela modifica a função vascular em animais não obesos. A hipótese deste trabalho é que chemerin aumenta a reatividade vascular a estímulos constritores de endotelina-1 (ET-1) e fenilefrina (PhE) e diminui a vasodilatação induzida pela acetilcolina (ACh) e nitroprussitao de sódio (NPS). Nossos objetivos específicos incluíram determinar: 1) se chemerin promove alterações na reatividade vascular; 2) se as alterações de reatividade vascular promovidas por chemerin são mediadas por modificações da função das células endoteliais ou células de músculo liso vascular; 3) quais vias de sinalização (foco na via das MAPKs) estão sendo modificadas por chemerin e como elas contribuem para as alterações de reatividade vascular produzidas por esta citocina. Nosso estudo demonstrou que a adipocina chemerin possui atividade biológica e celular em aortas de ratos não obesos. Chemerin aumentou respostas vasculares a estímulos contráteis (ET-1 e PhE), atuando tanto no endotélio quanto diretamente em células do músculo liso vascular. O aumento da resposta a estímulos contráteis à ET-1 e PhE foi mediado pela via MEK-ERK1/2, COX-1 e COX-2 e aumento da expressão dos receptores para ET-1, ETA e ETB. Além disso, esta adipocina diminuiu a vasodilatação induzida pela ACh, por meio do desacoplamento da eNOS e aparente envolvimento de estresse oxidativo, e pelo NPS, através de ação sobre a guanilato ciclase. Nossos estudos poderão contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre o papel dos fatores liberados pelo tecido adiposo visceral sobre a função vascular e, consequentemente, sobre as alterações vasculares presentes na obesidade e patologias associadas.Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes as well as increased synthesis and release of adipokines are commonly observed in obesity, a condition associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, it is extremely important to understand the biological effects of adipokines, or more specifically of the adipokine chemerin, in non-pathological conditions,. The mechanisms by which cytokines released by the adipose tissue may interfere with vascular function are not yet fully understood. Furthermore, the effects of the cytokine/adipokine chemerin on vascular function are not known. Considering that the chemerin receptor is expressed by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, this study investigated the effects produced by this cytokine in vascular reactivity, as well as the mechanisms by which it modifies vascular function in non-obese animals. Our working hypothesis is that chemerin enhances vascular reactivity to constrictor stimuli, such as endothelin-1(ET-1) and phenylephrine (Phe), and decreases the vasodilation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprussiate (SNP). Our specific aims were to determine: 1) whether chemerin induces changes in vascular reactivity, 2) if the alterations of vascular reactivity induced by chemerin are mediated by changes in the function of endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells, 3) which signaling pathways (focus on the MAPKs pathway) are being modified by chemerin and how they contribute to changes in vascular reactivity produced by this cytokine. Our study showed that the adipokine chemerin has biological and cellular activity in aortas from non-obese rats. Chemerin increased vascular responses to contractile stimuli (ET-1 and PhE), producing effects both in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. The increased contractile responses to ET-1 and PhE were mediated via activation of MEK-ERK1/2, COX-1 and COX-2 and increased expression of the ETA and ETB receptors. Furthermore, this adipokine reduced the vasodilation induced by ACh via eNOS uncoupling and oxidative stress, and by SNP, via effects in the enzyme guanylate cyclase. Our studies may contribute to a better understanding of the role of factors released by the visceral adipose tissue on vascular function and, consequently, on the vascular lesions in obesity and obesity-associated diseases.
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Hornsby, W. Guy, C. R. Carter, G. Gregory Haff, Michael W. Ramsey, Andrew R. Dotterweich, N. Travis Triplett, Charles A. Stuart, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "Hormone and Adipokine Alterations across 11 Weeks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4087.
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Robertson, Stephanie. "Vascular responses to adipokines." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518238.
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Richter, Dorothee [Verfasser]. "Adipokine - Bindeglieder zwischen Adipositas und Brustkrebs / Dorothee Richter." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038004985/34.
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DeGroat, Ashley. "The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Adipokine Secretion." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3425.
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Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is caused by excessive alcohol consumption and is a leading cause of liver related mortalities, with currently no treatments available. The goal of this project was to establish the effect of alcohol consumption on adipose tissue-derived secreted factors, adiponectin and C1q TNF Related Proteins 1-3 (CTRP1-3). We propose that excessive alcohol consumption will reduce circulating levels of adiponectin and CTRPs 1-3. Mice were fed a Lieber-Decarli control or alcohol diet for 10-days with a gavage (NIAAA model) or 6-weeks with no gavage (chronic model). Serum and adipose tissue were collected and CTRPs 1-3 and adiponectin levels were examined by immunoblot analysis. Our results indicate that long-term alcohol consumption effects adipokine secretion in a sex specific manner. Further research will be needed to explore the physiological relevance of these findings, to determine if these changes are beneficial to combat the negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption.
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Wurst, Ulrike. "Die Regulation von Preadipocyte factor-1 bei Gestationsdiabetes mellitus und Präeklampsie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-216381.
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Adipositas und die damit verbundenen Begleiterkrankungen zeigen einen deutlichen Anstieg der Prävalenz in der Bevölkerung. Auch für die Schwangerschaft gilt starkes Übergewicht als Risikofaktor für metabolische und vaskuläre Komplikationen wie Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) und Präeklampsie (PE). In den letzten 20 Jahren wurde eindrücklich nachgewiesen, dass eine Dysregulation von Fettzell-sezernierten Proteinen, sogenannten Adipokinen, ursächlich zu GDM und PE beitragen könnte. Zu Beginn der Dissertation lagen jedoch nur unzureichende Daten über die Regulation des Insulinresistenz-induzierenden, anti-adipogenen und anti-angiogenen Adipokins Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) bei GDM und PE vor. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher die Regulation von zirkulierendem Pref-1 bei GDM und PE sowie seine Expression in der Plazenta. Bei 74 Patientinnen mit GDM konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied der Pref-1 Konzentrationen (0.40 µg/l) verglichen zu 74 Gesunden (0.42 µg/l) (p = 0.655) festgestellt werden (Wurst U et al., Cytokine 2015; 71: 161–164). Es zeigte sich in der Kohorte eine unabhängige Assoziation zwischen Pref-1 und Schwangerschaftsalter bei der Blutentnahme, Triglyzeriden, Kreatinin, Body Mass Index und C reaktivem Protein (p < 0.05). In einer Studienkohorte von 51 Schwangeren mit PE wurden signifikant niedrigere Serumspiegel von Pref-1 (0.49 µg/l) im Vergleich zu 51 gesunden Schwangeren (0.68 µg/l) (p < 0.001) gemessen (Schrey S, Wurst U, et al., Cytokine 2015; 75: 338–343). In der multiplen Regressionsanalyse waren PE, Schwangerschaftsalter zum Zeitpunkt der Blutentnahme sowie zirkulierendes Leptin unabhängige Prädiktoren für Pref-1. Im peripartalen Zeitraum zeigte sich ein akuter und deutlicher Abfall von zirkulierendem Pref-1 im mütterlichen Blut und das Adipokin wurde immunhistochemisch im Plazentagewebe nachgewiesen. Die Daten dieser Studien sind vereinbar mit den Hypothesen, dass Pref-1 mit fortschreitender Schwangerschaft zunehmend produziert wird, die Plazenta zur Sekretion des Adipokins aktiv beiträgt sowie das Adipokin bei PE dysreguliert ist. Weiterführende Untersuchungen im Tiermodell sowie prospektive Studien sind notwendig, um die Signifikanz von Pref-1 bei GDM und PE näher zu untersuchen.
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Williams, Kevin George. "The role of the adipokine chemerin in prostate cancer." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63889/.
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Obesity is a major health problem worldwide and its effects on the cardiovascular system are well documented. It also leads to the development of metabolic disease such as insulin resistance and diabetes. There is evidence that obesity leads to an increased risk of developing numerous malignancies. Indeed, obese individuals diagnosed with malignancy tend to have poorer outcomes in terms of survival. A possible explanation for this is through the action of obesity-related cytokines (adipokines). These may play a role in either propagating, or perpetuating carcinogenesis and I explored the role of one particular adipokine: chemerin in prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 & LNCaP) were used for cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis assays. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR techniques were used to evaluate the effects of chemerin on levels of key intracellular agents of carcinogenesis (bcl-2, p53, ERK and AKT) as well as novel, pro-cancerous genes such as anterior gradient 2 (AGR2). Serum samples were obtained from adult men with prostate disease to evaluate whether chemerin is associated with body parameters. Chemerin exerts positive effects on cellular proliferation and migration as well as inhibition of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. These effects may be mediated by increased expression of the oncogene: bcl-2. Bcl2 expression was elevated in both cell lines after 24 hours stimulation with chemerin at increasing doses. Chemerin also appeared to cause activation of ERK and AKT pathways in prostate cancer cells as well as increased expression of the pro metastatic AGR2 gene at both the mRNA and protein level. An ELISA demonstrated chemerin behaving as an adipokine in adult men with prostate disease in keeping with previously published data. Chemerin certainly appears to play a role in prostate carcinogenesis, at least at the cellular level.
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Bertrand, Chantal. "Rôles de l'apeline et de l'EPA sur le métabolisme énergétique au cours de la résistance à l'insuline." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3565/.
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Face à l'épidémie grandissante de diabète de type II, le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques est l'un des principaux enjeux de santé publique. Notre équipe s'intéresse à l'apeline, une adipokine qui, bien que surexprimée en condition d'obésité, est bénéfique, et améliore la sensibilité à l'insuline de souris obèses et résistantes à l'insuline, en agissant essentiellement sur le métabolisme énergétique musculaire. Or le rôle de l'apeline sur le foie dans ce contexte n'est pas connu. Dans le but de le déterminer, nous avons étudié, chez des souris obèses et insulino-résistantes, les effets d'un traitement chronique à l'apeline sur les principales fonctions métaboliques du foie, et l'expression de son récepteur, APJ, dans différentes populations cellulaires hépatiques, ainsi que sa régulation au cours de l'insulino-résistance. Nous avons pu montrer que les taux de glycogène ne sont pas modifiés, mais que la stéatose hépatique est diminuée de 40% après 4 semaines de traitement à l'apeline. Cela est accompagné d'une diminution de l'expression de SREBP-1c et de la FAS, ce qui suggère que la lipogenèse de novo est réduite par ce traitement. Cela est associé à la diminution de l'oxydation des lipides et de leur sécrétion sous forme de VLDL. Ces effets semblent par contre être la conséquence du traitement à l'apeline sur l'amélioration globale de la sensibilité à l'insuline de l'organisme plutôt qu'un effet direct de l'apeline sur le foie. En effet, bien que l'expression génique d'APJ augmente dans le foie des souris obèses et insulino-résistantes, les études d'immunofluorescence n'ont pas permis de révéler la présence d'APJ dans les hépatocytes. Cependant la présence d'APJ sur un autre type cellulaire n'exclut pas des effets sur le métabolisme hépatique. L'acide eicosapentaénoïque (EPA), un acide gras polyinsaturé de la famille des omega 3, est connu aussi pour améliorer la sensibilité à l'insuline et limiter la prise de poids chez le rongeur. De plus, l'EPA est capable d'augmenter l'expression de l'apeline par le tissu adipeux. Comme l'apeline exerce des effets bénéfiques sur le muscle, nous avons étudié la régulation du système apeline/APJ musculaire par l'EPA, chez les souris nourries avec un régime gras supplémenté en EPA (3,6% des lipides). Ce régime, après 10 semaines, freine l'apparition de l'obésité et de l'intolérance au glucose, augmente la capacité du muscle à oxyder les lipides, et augmente l'expression de l'apeline et d'APJ dans le muscle. In vitro, l'EPA induit l'expression mais aussi la sécrétion de l'apeline, ce qui suggère que l'apeline puisse être une myokine et un potentiel intermédiaire des effets bénéfiques de l'EPA en condition de résistance à l'insulineFaced with the increasing prevalence of type II diabetes, the development of new therapeutic strategies is one of the major public health issues. Our research group studies focus on apelin, an adipokine overexpressed in obesity, that is beneficial and improves insulin sensitivity in obese and insulin resistant mice, by acting essentially on the muscle lipid metabolism. However, the role of apelin on liver metabolism has not been addressed yet. We thus studied, in obese and insulin resistant mice, the effects of a chronic apelin treatment on the main hepatic metabolic functions, as well as the expression and the regulation of apelin receptor, named APJ, in different hepatic cell types. We have shown that glycogen stores were not modified, but hepatic steatosis was reduced by 40% after 4 weeks of apelin treatment. This was associated to a decreased gene expression of SREBP-1c and FAS, suggesting that de novo lipogenesis was reduced by this treatment. In addition, lipid oxidation and secretion of VLDL were decreased. These effects seem to be the consequence of the treatment on the global amelioration of insulin sensitivity, rather than a direct apelin effect on the liver. Indeed, even though APJ gene expression is increased in the liver of obese and insulin resistant mice, the immunofluorescence experiments did not reveal the presence of APJ in hepatocytes. However, the presence of APJ in another cell type doesn't rule out indirect effects on the hepatic metabolism. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid from the omega 3 family, is also able to improve insulin sensitivity and to reduce weight gain. Moreover, EPA is able to increase apelin expression in the adipose tissue. As apelin exerts beneficial metabolic effects in the muscle, we studied the regulation of the muscle apelin/APJ system by EPA, in mice fed with a high fat diet supplemented with EPA (3. 6% of total lipids). This diet, after 10 weeks, prevented the development of obesity, glucose intolerance, alterations in muscle metabolism, and increased apelin and APJ muscle expression. In vitro, EPA induced apelin expression but also its secretion, suggesting that apelin could be a myokine, and a potential mediator of EPA's beneficial effects in insulin resistance
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Magon, Vishakha. "Body Composition and Adipokine Levels in Growth Hormone Antagonist Mice." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1244481356.
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Huth, Claire. "Irisine, adipokines et résistance à l'insuline." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26371.
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La résistance à l’insuline et l’obésité sont des sujets d’intérêt majeur de la recherche. Le muscle squelettique, étant le site principal de la captation insulinodépendante du glucose, est une cible d’intervention privilégiée dans la lutte contre cette dysfonction métabolique. L’interaction entre le tissu adipeux et le muscle squelettique, par le biais des myokines et des adipokines, joue un rôle dans cette captation insulinodépendante du glucose. Le sujet de ce mémoire porte sur l’étude de l’irisine et de deux adipokines, la leptine et l’adiponectine, et leur lien avec la résistance à l’insuline. Les travaux ont été réalisés chez des hommes non diabétiques. Les résultats ont montré que des niveaux circulants élevés d’irisine sont reliés à un profil métabolique détérioré et que la santé du tissu adipeux est un prédicteur de la sensibilité à l’insuline plus puissant que l’obésité abdominale.Insulin resistance and obesity are areas of intense research. Skeletal muscle, as the major site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, is major target in the search for solutions against this metabolic dysfunction. The interaction between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through myokines and adipokines, plays a role in insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The subject of this thesis focuses on the study of irisin and two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, and their relationship with insulin resistance, in middle aged non-diabetic men. Results showed that high levels of circulating irisin are associated to a deteriorated metabolic profile, and that an adipose tissue health secretion profile is a more powerful predictor of insulin sensitivity than abdominal obesity.
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Riesco, Acevedo David Gerardo. "New adipokines vaspin and omentin, circulating levels, gene expression in adipose tissue and relationship of circulating levels with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/379550.
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L'obesitat és una situació d'excés de massa de greix corporal que pot conduir a la síndrome metabòlica (SM). Omentin es produeix i és secretada pel TAV i pot tenir un paper antiinflamatori important en estats pro-inflamatoris. La disminució dels nivells circulants i de l'expressió génica de vaspina s'associa a empitjorament de la diabetis i la pèrdua de pes corporal. Simultàniament a l'augment de la incidència de l'obesitat i la diabetis, augmenta la prevalença de l'hepatopatia grassa no alcohòlica (HGNA). La prova gold standard per al diagnòstic histològic és la biòpsia hepàtica. Atès que és una tècnica invasiva, hi ha un interès en el desenvolupament de biomarcadors no invasius per a la identificació d'esteatohepatitis. Els objectius van ser analitzar els nivells circulants d’omentin i vaspina, la seva expressió gènica en teixit adipós en dones amb obesitat mórbida (OM) enfront de dones amb normopès. Es va examinar la seva associació amb les diferents variables bioquímiques, així com l'ús clínic dels nivells circulants d’omentin i vaspina com a potencials biomarcadors de la presència de HGNA. Primer, es van analitzar els nivells circulants i expressió génica de vaspina i omentina en individus amb pes normal i OM. Després, es van analitzar 40 mostres de fetge de les dones amb OM. Els resultats mostraren disminució dels nivells circulants d’omentin a l'OM, presentant correlació inversa amb els paràmetres glucèmics i amb el SM. L'expressió d’Omentin estava disminuïda en OM. En contrast, els nivells de vaspina en els OM no van ser diferents dels controls, amb una correlació inversa amb els nivells de lipocalina-2 i IL6. L'expressió de vaspina va ser significativament més gran en els OM. Quant a l’HGNA, els resultats van objectivar augment dels nivells circulants d’omentin en els pacients amb EHNA respecte l’esteatosi simple. D'altra banda, el rendiment dels nivells d’omentin per al diagnòstic d’EHNA va mostrar una excel•lent AUROC. Les principals conclusions són que omentin sembla exercir un efecte protector front l'obesitat, mentre que els seus nivells circulants augmenten paradoxalment en els pacients amb EHNA.La obesidad es una situación de exceso de masa grasa corporal que puede conducir al síndrome metabólico (SM). Omentin se produce y es secretada por el TAV y puede tener un papel antiinflamatorio importante en estados pro-inflamatorios. La disminución de los niveles circulantes y de la expresión génica de vaspina se asocia a empeoramiento de la diabetes y la pérdida de peso corporal. Simultaneamente al aumento de la incidencia de la obesidad y la diabetes, aumenta la prevalencia de la hepatopatía grasa no alcohólica (HGNA). Dado que la biopsia hepática es una técnica invasiva, existe un interés en el desarrollo de biomarcadores no invasivos para la identificación de esteatohepatitis. Los objetivos fueron analizar los niveles circulantes de omentin y vaspina, su expresión génica en el tejido adiposo en mujeres con obesidad mórbida frente a mujeres con peso normal. Se examinó su asociación con las variables bioquímicas así como el uso clínico de los niveles circulantes de omentin y vaspina como potenciales biomarcadores de la presencia de la HGNA. Primero, se analizaron los niveles circulantes y la expresión génica de vaspina y omentin en sujetos con normopeso y obesidad mórbida (OM). Después, se analizaron 40 muestras de hígado de las mujeres con OM. Los resultados mostraron disminución de los niveles de omentin en la OM, presentando correlación inversa con los parámetros glucémicos y el SM. La expresión de Omentin estaba disminuida en la OM. En contraste, los niveles séricos de vaspina en los OM no fueron diferentes de los controles, con una correlación inversa con los niveles de lipocalina-2 e IL6. La expresión de vaspina fue mayor en los OM. En cuanto a la HGNA, demostramos un aumento de los niveles circulantes de omentin en los pacientes con EHNA respecto a aquellos con ES. El rendimiento de los niveles de omentin para el diagnóstico de EHNA mostró una excelente AUROC. Las conclusiones son que omentin parece ejercer un efecto protector frente la obesidad, mientras que sus niveles circulantes aumentan paradójicamente en los pacientes con EHNA.
Obesity is a situacion with excess of body fat mass that can lead to metabolic syndrome. Omentin is produced and secreted by VAT and may have an important anti-inflammatory role in pro-inflammatory states. Decreases in vaspin expression and plasma levels accompany worsening of diabetes and body weight loss. In parallel with increased incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing worldwide. Because liver biopsy is an invasive procedure there is strong interest in developing non-invasive biomarkers for identifying steatohepatitis in NAFLD. The main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to analyze omentin and vaspin gene expression in VAT and SAT as well as circulating levels in a group of morbidly obese women versus normal-weight control women and its associations with the clinical-biochemical variables as well as the clinical use of circulating omentin and vaspin levels as biomarkers for the presence of NAFLD. First, we analyzed the circulating levels and gene expression of vaspin and omentin in normal-weight and morbidly obese (MO) subjects. Then, we analyzed 40 liver samples from MO women. We showed lower circulating omentin levels in the MO, correlating inversely with glucidic metabolism parameters and also with MetS. Omentin mRNA expression in VAT was reduced in MO. In contrast, serum vaspin levels in the MO were not significantly different from those in the controls, correlating inversely with lipocalin-2 and interleukin-6 levels. Vaspin mRNA expression was significantly higher in the MO. Regarding NAFLD, we revealed increased circulating omentin levels in NASH patients in comparison with SS. The performance of omentin in diagnosing NASH showed an excellent AUROC. In conclusion, the main findings of this doctoral thesis are that omentin appears to exert a protective effect against obesity, whereas circulating omentin levels are paradoxically increased in patients with NASH.
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Hochberg, Alexandra Melanie [Verfasser]. "Identifikation von Resistin und Progranulin als liquorgängige Adipokine / Alexandra Melanie Hochberg." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188563696/34.
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Erikci, Ertunc Meric. "Secretory Mechanisms of aP2: an Adipokine Integrating Adipose Depots with Metabolism." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11452.
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Adipose Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) or aP2, plays an important role in several immunometabolic pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, asthma, and cancer. Long considered to be a cytosolic protein, aP2 has recently been detected in conditioned media of adipocytes. Interestingly, there is a growing body of literature showing association of increased circulating levels of aP2 with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Our lab has discovered a role for aP2 secreted from adipocytes in regulating liver glucose output and blood glucose levels in diabetes. The emerging biology of this novel adipokine makes it critical to understand the route and mechanisms that lead to its secretion.
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Vrakas, Christine Nicole. "INTERLEUKIN-19 IS A NOVEL IMMUNO-MODULATORY AND PRO-ANGIOGENIC ADIPOKINE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/541006.
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Biomedical SciencesPh.D.
Uncontrolled, systemic inflammation coupled to obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. As a consequence of adipose tissue expansion, hypoxia ensues resulting in inflammation, and the release of various factors to restore sufficient blood flow to the tissue. However, this is often inadequate and does not result in proper tissue oxygenation. Currently little is known about the potential for endogenously expressed immuno-modulatory cytokines to attenuate inflammation and also provide pro-angiogenic effects. Interleukin-19 is uniquely immuno-modulatory, pro-angiogenic and is expressed in adipose tissue. There is no known mechanism to explain the role of IL-19 in adipose tissue expansion. We hypothesize that IL-19 acts as a novel adipokine whose expression in inflamed adipose tissue promotes a compensatory, immuno-modulatory effect and is a counter-regulatory response to inflammatory stimuli. We report that IL-19 is expressed in adipose tissue at both the transcript and protein level and its expression is increased in inflamed visceral adipose tissue but not subcutaneous adipose tissue. Utilizing Il19-/- knockout mice, we found the loss of IL-19 leads to a metabolic phenotype characterized by reduced glucose and insulin tolerance, a reduction in protective gene expression with increased pro-inflammatory factors, increased adipose tissue hypoxia and fibrosis, decreased adipose tissue vessel density and increased adipocyte hypertrophy both in response to standard chow diet and chronic high fat diet. In cultured adipocytes the addition of IL-19 leads to increased metabolically protective factors while also increasing glucose uptake. Acute treatment with IL-19 reduced glucose and insulin intolerance in obese wild-type mice. These data suggest that IL-19 presents a novel therapeutic opportunity in that IL-19 can effectively allow adipose tissue expansion without concomitant inflammation and insulin insensitivity. Interleukin Enhancer-binding Factor 3 (ILF3), an RNA-binding protein, is best known for its role in innate immunity by participation in cellular anti-viral responses. A role for ILF3 in angiogenesis is unreported. Our working hypothesis is that ILF3 promotes angiogenesis through cytokine-inducible mRNA stabilization of pro-angiogenic transcripts. ILF3 expression in CD31+ capillaries of hypoxic cardiac tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Pro-angiogenic stimuli induce ILF3 mRNA and protein expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (hEC). Angiogenic indices including proliferation, migration and tube formation are all significantly reduced in hEC when ILF3 is knocked down using siRNA, but are significantly increased when ILF3 is overexpressed using adenovirus. Protein and mRNA abundance of several angiogenic factors including CXCL1, VEGF, and IL-8 are decreased when ILF3 is knocked down by siRNA. These factors are increased when ILF3 is overexpressed by adenovirus. ILF3 is phosphorylated and translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to angiogenic stimuli. Pro-angiogenic transcripts containing adenine and uridine-rich (AU-rich) elements (AREs) were bound to ILF3 determined using RNA immunoprecipitation. ILF3 stabilizes pro-angiogenic transcripts including VEGF, CXCL1, and IL-8 in hEC. Together these data suggest that in endothelial cells, the RNA stability protein, ILF3, plays a novel and central role in angiogenesis.
Temple University--Theses
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Hochberg, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "Identifikation von Resistin und Progranulin als liquorgängige Adipokine / Alexandra Melanie Hochberg." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188563696/34.
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Karastergiou, Kalypso. "Characterisation, regulation and effects of epicardial adipokines." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546789.
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Chimen, Myriam. "Immunomodulation by adipokines in type 1 diabetes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3581/.
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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which the immune system specifically targets and destroys the pancreatic insulin-producing beta-cells. We are interested in defining whether adipose tissue-derived cytokines (adipokines) such as adiponectin (anti-inflammatory) and leptin (pro-inflammatory) could influence T1D progression. We demonstrate the expression of the leptin receptor (LEPR) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and observed higher expression of LEPR on PBMC from patients with T1D. However, we found no significant functional relevance for this observation. On the other hand, we show lower expression of the adiponectin receptors on lymphocytes from patients with T1D. This was associated with a reduced capacity of adiponectin to inhibit lymphocyte trans-endothelial migration in T1D. We show that adiponectin strongly inhibited lymphocyte migration by action on the endothelium or directly on the lymphocytes. We have now established that adiponectin action is not directly targetting the lumphocytes but involves accessory cells that express higher level of the adiponectin receptors. These findings were validated \(in\) \(vivo\) using a peritonal model of inflammation and led to the discovery a newly idnetified agent able to control the transmigration of T cells. These observations underline the importance of adiponectin in the control of lymphocyte transmigration during an inflammatory response and offer a potential therapeutic agent for T cell mediated diseases.
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Mistry, Tina. "The Role of Adipokines in Prostate Cancer." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490681.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the adipokines adiponectin and visfatin as molecular mediators between obesity and prostate cancer. Adiponectin (decreased with obesity) has been proposed as an anti-cancer adipokine. Adiponectin receptors (Adipo-Rl, Adipo-R2) were detected in LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines and benign and malignant prostate tissue using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunochemical techniques, and their expression was found to be differentially regulated by a variety of hormones/cytokines that play key roles in the pathophysiology of obesity and/or prostate cancer. Preliminary studies presented here suggest functionality of these receptors was demonstrated by their ability to modulate 5'AMP- activated protein kinase, p44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in response to treatment with either full-length (fAd) and/or globular (gAd) adiponectin, although further studies are required to confirm this. PC3 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and stimulated by high concentrations of fAd and gAd, respectively; when combined with high concentrations of leptin, both fAd and gAd significantly inhibited PC3 proliferation. Furthermore, the changes in proliferation following treatment with fAd/gAd ± leptin were associated with corresponding changes in p53 and PTEN tumour suppressor gene and bcl-2 and c-myc oncogene expression, suggesting that the anti-proliferative effects of adiponectin may partly be via modulation ofthese genes. The novel adipokine visfatin, directly correlated with obesity, has also been identified as NMPRTase, a key enzyme involved in NAD synthesis. This study demonstrates the novel expression of intracellular visfatin in LNCaP and PC3· cells and benign and malignant prostate tissue, and its regulation by androgens, IL-6 and IGF-L Additionally, the preliminary data presented here indicate a proliferative role for exogenous visfatin, particularly in the presence ofIGF-l. The data presented here indicate potential roles for adiponectin and visfatin in prostate carcinogenesis. This study provides a foundation upon which further studies may be performed that could allow novel therapeutic agents to be developed in the future.
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Fazenda, Maria Inês Nunes. "Estudo da relação entre a obesidade e a hipertensão em cães." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3530.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaNos países desenvolvidos, a prevalência do excesso de peso e da obesidade tem vindo a aumentar a uma taxa alarmante, tanto em humanos como na população canina. O termo “epidemia” é já comummente aplicado a esta realidade. Para os Médicos Veterinários, a obesidade é uma das condições patológicas mais simples de diagnosticar, a maioria fazendo-o unicamente através da inspecção visual. Contudo, a subjectividade inerente a esta práctica faz deste um método pouco útil numa perspectiva clínica. Estimar a percentagem de massa gorda é o procedimento mais exacto para um diagnóstico de obesidade. A obesidade não se resume apenas a um estado patológico de excesso de peso. A Organização Mundial da Saúde define a obesidade humana como a acumulação excessiva de gordura no organismo que induz consequências nefastas para a saúde. Tal como nos humanos, os cães são também susceptíveis às múltiplas e variadas consequências na saúde devido à obesidade, entre elas a hipertensão arterial sistémica. Os mecanismos pelos quais a obesidade induz hipertensão não estão completamente esclarecidos, mas são vários os mecanismos propostos que incluem a retenção anormal de sódio, excesso de actividade do sistema nervoso simpático, hiperactivação do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, alterações vasculares, secreção de factores de estimulação mineralocorticóide e acumulação intra-abdominal de gordura. Em 1994, a descoberta da leptina, um factor de saciedade produzido predominantemente pelo tecido adiposo e essencial no controlo do apetite e do balanço energético, levou a uma reclassificação do tecido adiposo como um órgão endócrino. O termo “adipocina” foi universalmente adoptado para descrever uma proteína que é secretada nos (e sintetizada pelos) adipócitos. Esta pode actuar localmente (efeito autócrino ou parácrino) e sistemicamente (efeito endócrino), influenciando uma variedade de sistemas biológicos. A implicação de diversas adipocinas na modulação de algumas alterações neurohormonais que conduzem ao aumento da pressão arterial sistémica na obesidade, foca a importância do tecido adiposo como órgão endócrino. Foi realizado um estudo clínico com uma amostra de 30 cães, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a classificação da condição corporal segundo o modelo do índice de massa corporal canino proposto por Muller et al. (2008): Grupo O – obesos; Grupo EP – excesso de peso. Da medição da pressão arterial, utilizando o método Doppler modelo 811-BL (Parks Medical Electronics), foram registados aumentos na pressão sistólica em cães com excesso de peso e obesidade, com uma frequência de hipertensão de 43,3%.
ABSTRACT - Study of the relation between obesity and systemic arterial hypertension - In developed countries, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing at an alarming rate, in both humans and canine population. The term “epidemic” is now commonly applied to this reality. For Veterinarians, obesity is one of the pathological conditions easier to be diagnosed, the majority doing so only by visual inspection; however, the subjectivity inherent in this practice makes this a useless method in a clinical perspective. Estimate the percentage of fat mass is the most accurate procedure for a diagnosis of obesity. Obesity is not just a pathological condition of excess weight. The World Health Organization defines human obesity as an excessive accumulation of fat in the body that induces adverse effects on health. As in humans, dogs are also liable to multiple and varied effects on health due to obesity, including systemic arterial hypertension. The mechanisms by which obesity induces hypertension are not completely understood, but there are several proposed mechanisms including abnormal sodium retention, overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vascular disorders, secretion of mineralocorticoid-releasing factors and accumulation of intra-abdominal fat mass. In 1994, the discovery of leptin, a satiety factor produced predominantly by adipose tissue and essential in controlling appetite and energy balance, led to the reclassification of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. The term “adipokine” was universally adopted to describe a protein that is secreted from (and synthesised by) adipocytes. It can act locally (autocrine or paracrine effect) and systemically (endocrine effect), influencing multiple biological systems. The implication of several adipokines in the modulation of some neurohormonal changes that led to increased systemic blood pressure in obesity focuses the importance of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. It was conducted a clinical study with a sample of 30 dogs, divided into two groups according to the classification of body condition in the canine body mass index model proposed by Muller et al. (2008): Group O – obese; group EP – overweight. When measuring blood pressure using the Doppler method model 811-BL (Parks Medical Electronics), it has been recorded an increase in blood pressure in overweight and obese dogs, with a hypertension frequency of 43, 3%.
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Zapfe, Luise. "mRNA-Expression von Genen des Fett- und Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels unterschiedlicher Fettlokalisationen bei Kühen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-62426.
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Problemstellung: Die Tiergesundheit hat sich bei Milchkühen in den letzten Jahren weltweit negativ entwickelt. Wichtigster Ausdruck dafür ist die auf ca. 2,4 Jahre verkürzte Nutzungsdauer. Dabei spielt das Fettmobilisationssyndrom eine dominante Rolle. Das Fettgewebe ist nicht nur als reiner Energiespeicher, sondern als endokrines stoffwechselaktives Organ anzusehen. Untersuchungen an Menschen und Mäusen haben gezeigt, dass das Fettgewebe in Abhängigkeit von seiner Lokalisation im Körper unterschiedlich auf metabolische und hormonelle Stimuli reagiert. Es gibt Hinweise, dass auch für das Rind ähnliche Differenzen angenommen werden können. Zielstellung: Um die Eigenschaften des bovinen Fettgewebes und seine Rolle im Energiestoffwechsel besser charakterisieren zu können, war das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die mRNA-Expressionen ausgewählter für den Fettstoffwechsel relevante Gene im bovinen Fettgewebe an verschiedenen Lokalisationen grundlegend in gesunden Rindern zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: Die Probenentnahme erfolgte an 12 gesunden Schlachtkühen direkt nach der Tötung, die aufgrund Schwermelkbarkeit oder Unfruchtbarkeit geschlachtet wurden. Das Fettgewebe wurde aus dem Omentum majus, dem Depotfett der Niere, im kaudalen Beckendrittel (retroperitoneales Fett), dem Hüftbereich (subkutanes Fett) und dem Fett an der Herzbasis entnommen. Die Proben wurden in Flüssigstickstoff tiefgefroren, auf Trockeneis transportiert und bis zur Untersuchung bei -70°C gelagert. Die mRNA-Expression für die verschiedenen Gene (Hormonsensitive Lipase (HSL), Lipoproteinlipase (LPL), Fettsäuresynthase (FASN), Leptin, Adiponektin, Retinolbindungsprotein 4 (RBP4), Tumornekrosefaktor (TNF) und Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Fettsäurebindungsproteine (FABP3, 4 und 5) und Glukosetransporter 4 (GLUT4)) , wurden mit einer quantitativen real time (RT)-PCR gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die mRNA-Expressionen der verschiedenen oben genannten Gene, ausgenommen IL-6 und FABP3, sind im bovinen Fettgewebe nachweisbar. Die mRNA-Expressionen unterschieden sich in den einzelnen Fettdepots nicht signifikant. Ausnahme hierbei bildete RBP4, dessen mRNA im pericardialen Fett signifikant höher exprimiert war als im subkutanen und omentalen Depot. Die mRNA-Expression des subkutanen, omentalen, perirenalen und pericardialen Fettdepots korrelierten signifikant positive untereinander. Schlussfolgerung: Die mRNA-Expressionen der in den Fettstoffwechsel involvierten und untersuchten Gene gesunder Rinder waren nachweisbar, unterschieden sich jedoch nicht signifikant von einander mit Ausnahme der RBP4 mRNA. Die positiven signifikanten Korrelationen zwischen dem subkutanen, omentalen, perirenalen und pericardialen Fettlokalisationen und gleichmäßigen Expressionen innerhalb der Gewebe deuten auf eine einheitliche Fettmetabolismus des gesamten Körpers. Verglichen mit Ergebnissen der Humanmedizin sind nur wenige Übereinstimmungen (HSL, LPL, GLUT4,TNF) zu eruieren. Weitere Studien mit gesunden Tieren im Vergleich zu erkrankten Rindern müssen klären, ob eine mögliche Verschiebung der mRNA-Konzentrationen auf das Fettmobilisationssyndrom hinweisenPurpose: Over the last years, the situation of animal health concerning dairy cows has developed worldwide in an adverse way. Most important indicator is the shortened useful life of approx. 2.4 years. The fat mobilization syndrome plays a dominant role in this process. Apparently, fatty tissue does not only serve as a mere energy reservoir, but also as an endocrin organ with metabolic activity. Researches on humans and mice have shown fatty tissue to react on metabolic and hormonal stimuli in different ways, depending on its body localization. There are dues to anticipate, similar differences in cattle. Objectives: In order to better characterize the attributes of bovine fatty tissue and its purpose in metabolism, the present study aims examine basically the expression of mRNA in selected genes which are important for lipid metabolism in bovine fatty tissue of different localizations in healthy cattle. Methods and material: Samples where taken from twelve carcasses of healthy dairy cows slaughtered for reason of difficult milking or infertility directly after killing. Fatty tissue was taken from omentum major, kidney capsula, caudal pelvis area (retroperiteonal fat), hip area (subcutaneous fat), and cardiac base. It was instantly quick-freezed in liquid nitrogen, put on dry ice while transporting, and stored at -70°C until analysis. The expression of mRNA of different genes (hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoproteine lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FASN), fatty acid binding proteine (FABP3,4 and 5), retinol binding proteine 4 (RBP4), adiponectine, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) was measured by means of a quantitative real-time (RT)-PCR. Results: The mRNA-expressions of all these different genes except IL-6 and FABP3 were detected in bovine fatty tissue. The differences of mRNA-expression between sample localization were not statistically significant. RBP4 was excepted, which mRNA showed a significantly higher expression in pericardial fat than in subcutaneous and omental fat, respectively. The correlation between mRNA-expressions of subcutaneous, omental, pericardial and perirenal fat was significant. Conclusions: The mRNA-expression of examined genes being involved in fatty tissue metabolism, were detected in healthy cattle, but were not significantly different, except RBP4. Significantly positive correlations between subcutaneous, omental, perirenal and pericardial localization and consistent expression indicate an integrative metabolism of the whole body. Compared to results of the human medicine only few analogies (HSL, LPL, GLUT4, TNF) were found. Further studies comparing healthy and diseased cattle will have to prove, if possible displacements of the mRNA-level can indicate the fat mobilization syndrome being present
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McCullough, Richelle Stephanie. "Dietary flaxseed supplementation and the expression of adipokines." Springer, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5303.
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Dietary flaxseed has cardioprotective effects that may be achieved through its rich content of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid (ALA). We investigated the effects of dietary flaxseed both with and without an atherogenic cholesterol-enriched diet to determine the effects of dietary flaxseed on the expression of the adipose cytokines leptin and adiponectin.
Rabbits were fed one of four diets: a regular (RG) diet, or a regular diet with added 0.5% cholesterol (CH), or 10% ground flaxseed (FX), or both (CF) for 8 weeks. Levels of leptin and adiponectin expression were assessed by RT-PCR in visceral adipose tissue. Consumption of flaxseed significantly increased plasma and adipose levels of ALA. Leptin, but not adiponectin, mRNA expression was lower in CH animals and was elevated in CF animals. Changes in leptin expression were strongly and positively correlated with adipose ALA levels and inversely correlated with levels of en face atherosclerosis. Our data demonstrate that the type of fat in the diet as well as its caloric content can specifically influence leptin expression. The findings support the hypothesis that the beneficial cardiovascular effects associated with flaxseed consumption may be related to a change in leptin expression.
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Burton, Anya J. G. "Prostate cancer biomarkers : adiposity, adipokines and lifestyle factors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618318.
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Prostate cancer is a common cancer, particularly in Western countries. Increasing body mass index (BMI) has been associated with a modest increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer (12-15% per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI). Adipokines (adipose derived hormones) have been proposed as mediators of this association, but the results of several (mostly small) observational studies have been conflicting. The thesis describes investigations conducted into associations of adiposity, adipokines and lifestyle factors with prostate cancer; firstly, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of the association of the adipokines adiponectin and leptin with prostate cancer incidence and progression. Secondly, a nested case-control study in men aged 50-69 with PSA-detected prostate cancer recruited during the case-finding stage of ProtecT (a population-based randomised trial of treatments for localised prostate cancer) compared BMI, WHR, adiponectin, leptin and leptin:adiponectin (L:A) ratio between 311 men with advanced (the cases) and 413 men with localised (the controls) prostate cancer. Finally, an exploration of associations of BMI, lifestyle factors and adipokines with age-related PSA change (,PSA growth') in men with localised prostate cancer undergoing active monitoring in ProtecT. The meta-analysis found adiponectin levels to be associated with a small reduced risk of total (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.94-0.98, per 2.5~g/m1) and aggressive (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83-0.95) prostate cancer. The ProtecT case-control study indicated an inverse association of adiponectin with risk of advanced stage prostate cancer in overweight and obese men (p for interaction by BMI - 0.006; OR 0.62, 95% Cl 0.42- 0.90 per log(~g/ ml) in men ~25kg/m2}. The meta-analysis did not find a clear association between leptin and total (OR 1.01, 95% Cl 0.98-1.03 per 2.5 ng/ml) or aggressive (OR 1.01, 95%CT 0.99-1.06) prostate cancer and the ProtecT case-control study found little evidence of an association of leptin with prostate cancer stage or grade. There was weak evidence that L:A ratio was inversely associated with stage in normal weight men (OR 0.69, 95%CI 0.45-1.04) and positively associated with stage in overweight men (OR 1.22, 95%CI 0.97-1 .54) (p for interaction = 0.009). BMI was not associated with risk of advanced stage or high grade prostate cancer, or PSA growth, in ProtecT. In men undergoing active monitoring in ProtecT, exercise was inversely, and smoking was positively, associated with PSA at age 50 and yearly PSA growth; both of these factors have been linked to risk of aggressive or fatal prostate cancer. In conclusion, adiponectin appears protective against aggressive prostate cancer, particularly in overweight and obese men. Leptin and adiponectin (or L:A ratio) alone are unlikely to be major risk factors for overall prostate cancer and therefore their measurement at diagnosis would not aid prognostication. However, modification of adipokine levels through diet, exercise and weight loss is not likely to be harmful and may reduce the risk of other obesity-related cancers and diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease). It is also unlikely that leptin is mediating the association of BMI with advanced or aggressive prostate cancer.
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Frevel, Eva [Verfasser]. "Interaction of adipokines with orexin signalling / Eva Frevel." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168779936/34.
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Gibeon, David. "The role of adipokines in obesity-associated asthma." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44500.
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Obesity is a risk factor for the development of asthma and plays a role in disease control, severity and airway inflammation. The relationship between asthma and adiposity is multifactorial and incorporates in-utero conditions, genetic factors, comorbidities and inflammation secondary to excess adipose tissue. Adipocytes produce cytokines, termed adipokines, which play an important role in systemic inflammation and have been correlated to the development of asthma and disease severity. Retrospective analysis of trials using inhaled corticosteroids and an in vitro study using alveolar macrophages has associated obesity with corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma. The first part of this study looked at data taken from a large cohort of well-characterised severe asthmatics and compared patient demographics, disease characteristics, healthcare utilisation and medication according to body mass index (BMI). Lipid laden macrophages (LLMs) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and perilipin as a marker of lipid droplets in endobronchial biopsies were analysed according to asthma severity and BMI. Finally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to study the effect of BMI on steroid sensitivity in patients with asthma using an in vitro model and the effects of adipokines (leptin, resistin and adiponectin) on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and corticosteroid response were assessed. Severe asthmatics are often overweight (29.3%) or obese (48.3%). Increasing BMI was associated with increasing medication use in terms of short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) use per day, nebulisers and oral corticosteroid requirements (both maintenance and short burst therapy). In addition, obese severe asthmatics reported greater gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and were less likely to be in full time employment due to their asthma. LLMs are more prevalent in subjects with GORD which may explain the higher lipid laden macrophage index (LLMI) score seen in severe compared to mild/moderate asthmatics. Perilipin was expressed in the airway epithelium and submucosa in approximately half the study population. Greater expression was seen in the submucosa of asthmatic subjects compared to healthy controls. However, no significant correlations were noted in terms of asthma severity or BMI. Leptin, resistin and adiponectin were pro-inflammatory, in terms of CXCL8 release from PBMCs taken from asthmatics and healthy controls. PBMCs taken from severe asthmatics were less responsive to steroid suppression. Adiponectin induced IL-6, IL-10, CCL2, CCL3 and TNF-α release from PBMCs taken from asthmatics and healthy controls and IFN-γ, IL-1RA, CCL2, CCL3 and TNF-α release was suppressed by dexamethasone. Adiponectin induced CCL2 release and demonstrated relative corticosteroid insensitivity at dexamethasone 10-7 M in the severe asthma group. In conclusion, obesity related severe asthma is associated with more symptoms, a significant societal impact and patients are at risk of the many deleterious side effects of corticosteroid use. Leptin, resistin and adiponectin are pro-inflammatory and adiponectin may play an important role in modulating corticosteroid sensitivity.
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El, Kalioubie Ahmed. "Adipokines et pathologies vasculaires humaines : anévrysmale et athéroscléreuse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S018.
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L’obésité est une cause majeure de morbi-mortalité dans le monde en raison notamment du risque accru de développement de pathologies cardiovasculaires athéroscléreuses. Elle est en particulier associée à une accumulation de tissu adipeux blanc secrétant une quantité inappropriée de cytokines possédant des effets pléiotropiques sur l’inflammation et le métabolisme : les adipokines dont la leptine, la résistine et l’adiponectine. L’anévrysme de l’aorte abdominale (AAA) est une dilatation localisée et permanente de plus de 50% du diamètre de l’aorte abdominale. Il a longtemps été considéré comme une complication de l’athérosclérose. Cependant, cette théorie a été mise à l’épreuve récemment. Très peu d’études se sont intéressées à la prévalence et aux facteurs de risque d’AAA chez les patients coronariens. Dans une première partie, nous avons montré dans une population de 217 patients opérés d’un pontage aorto-coronarien pour une athérosclérose coronarienne sévère que la prévalence de l’AAA atteint 24% si l’on considère les hommes avec un tabagisme actif ou ancien et présentant de manière concomitante une atteinte athéroscléreuse d’autres lits vasculaires (sténose carotidienne ou artérite oblitérante des membres inférieurs), pour une prévalence de seulement 4,4% en l’absence de ces facteurs de risque. Dans la population générale, le dépistage d’un AAA est recommandé seulement chez les hommes âgés de 65 à 75 ans ayant des antécédents de tabagisme. Aucune donnée n’existe sur le dépistage des AAA chez les patients coronariens. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons donc réalisé une revue de la littérature sur les facteurs de risque prédictifs d’AAA chez les patients coronariens. Malgré le nombre réduit d’études, la prévalence de l’AAA est plus élevée dans une population atteinte d’athérosclérose coronarienne que dans la population générale. Certains facteurs de risques traditionnels de l’athérosclérose (tabagisme, âge et atteinte athéroscléreuse d’autres lits vasculaires) maintiennent chez ces patients une association significative avec l’AAA. Un AAA n’est probablement donc pas une simple complication de l’athérosclérose et l’intérêt du dépistage de l’AAA dans cette population spécifique de patients mérite d’être approfondi. Une inflammation transmurale chronique caractérise à la fois le développement de l’athérosclérose et de l’AAA. Nous avons évalué l’association des taux plasmatiques des 3 principales adipokines (résistine, leptine et adiponectine) avec la prévalence de l’AAA dans notre population de patients coronariens sévères. Nous avons montré que seul le taux plasmatique de résistine était indépendamment associé à l’AAA et corrélé au diamètre infra-rénal de l’aorte. Cette corrélation disparaissait dans le groupe des AAA. Ainsi la résistine pourrait être associée à la pathogenèse de l’AAA, indépendamment de son implication dans le processus inflammatoire à l’origine de l’athérosclérose. Enfin, la quatrième partie de notre travail a porté sur le rôle de la leptine dans le développement de lésions athéroscléreuses de l’artère carotidienne. Dans un protocole clinico-biologique incluant des patients atteints d’une athérosclérose carotidienne symptomatique ou pas, nécessitant une endartérectomie (n=146), nous avons montré pour la première fois que les taux plasmatiques et intra-plaques de leptine sont significativement plus bas chez les patients asymptomatiques que chez les patients symptomatiques, ce qui a été confirmé par analyse multivariée. Les taux de leptine plasmatiques et intra plaques sont positivement corrélés à un phénotype stable de la plaque (ratio collagène/macrophages élevé). Nous avons également montré qu’in vitro, la leptine induit initialement une réponse de migration sur les CMLV (0-20 ng/mL), puis de prolifération (20 à 75 ng/mL). [...]Obesity is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular pathologies and accordingly entails a great deal of morbidity and mortality. Central to obesity is the accumulation of large amounts of white adipose tissue, which inappropriately secretes bioactive molecules involved in a state of local and systemic low grade inflammation as well as metabolic anomalies. These molecules are the adipokines including leptin, resistin and adiponectin. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized and permanent aortic dilation, exceeding 50% of the adjacent normal aortic wall diameter. AAA has long been considered an atherosclerotic complication, a theory which has recently been challenged. Only a few studies have evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of AAA in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. In the first part of our work, we dealt with 217 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting for severe CAD. In men aged less than 75 years with a smoking history, AAA prevalence reached 24% if they had concomitant peripheral artery disease or carotid artery stenosis, vs 4.4% in the absence of either condition. AAA screening is only recommended in men, aged 65 to 75 years, with a history of smoking. Na data are available on the need for AAA screening among CAD patients. The second part of our work is a review on the prevalence and risk factors of AAA in CAD patients. Despite a limited number of studies, AAA seems to be more prevalent among CAD patients compared to the global population. Only some traditional atherosclerosis risk factors remain significantly associated with AAA (smoking, age, atherosclerosis of other vascular beds). Accordingly, AAA may not be pressed into a simple scheme as just an atherosclerotic complication. The benefit of AAA screening in this specific sub-population needs to be further assessed. Both AAA and atherosclerosis share chronic arterial wall inflammation. Hence, in the 3rd part of the current work, we measured circulating levels of the 3 main adipokines (leptin, resistin and adiponectin) and assessed their relationship with the presence of AAA among our precited severe CAD male patients. Only serum resistin levels were independently associated with AAA, and correlated with infra renal aortic diameter. This correlation disappeared in the AAA range. Eventually, resistin could be associated with AAA pathogenesis, independently of its implication in atherosclerosis – related inflammation. The fourth and final part of our work has acknowledged the role of leptin in the development of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. We included 146 patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic versus symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. We reported, for the first time, that serum and intra–plaque leptin levels were significantly lower in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic patients. This result was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Circulating and intra plaque levels were positively correlated to a stable plaque phenotype (high collagen/macrophage ratio). In vitro, leptin induced an initial migratory response on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) at the concentration range of 0 to 20 ng/mL, followed by a proliferative response (20 to 75 ng/mL). At higher concentrations (100 ng/mL), leptin brought about VSMC apoptosis. Leptin could thus play an active role in carotid plaque stabilization, via its effects on VSMC. Several conclusions can be drawn. AAA is not a mere atherosclerotic complication. On one side, resistin could actively influence the development and progression of AAA. On the opposite side, leptin could promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, via its effects on VSMC migration and proliferation
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Francin, Pierre-Jean. "Rôle des adipokines dans la physiopathologie de l'arthrose : exemple de la leptine et de l'adiponectine." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10057/document.
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L’arthrose est une maladie dégénérative des articulations et représente la deuxième cause d’invalidité en France. En raison des liens entre l’obésité et l’arthrose concernant à la fois les articulations portantes et non portantes, nous faisons l’hypothèse que des protéines produites par le tissu adipeux, les adipokines, constituent des facteurs clés impliqués dans cette arthropathie. En premier lieu, nous avons montré que l’expression de la leptine, de l’adiponectine et de leurs récepteurs évolue de façon inverse et dépend fortement de l’état de différenciation des chondrocytes. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons comparé la production des adipokines par le ligament adipeux de Hoffa à celle mesurée dans la graisse sous-cutanée et avons ainsi mis en évidence des différences entre les 2 tissus adipeux. Les travaux réalisés ensuite ont permis de préciser le rôle des adipokines dans l’arthrose. Ainsi, la production d’adiponectine par les chondrocytes augmente lorsque le cartilage se dégrade et apparaît directement reliée à celle de la MMP-13 et du TGF-[bêta]. En revanche, l’expression de son récepteur AdipoR1 est associée à l’expression d’éléments matriciels et d’un facteur de transcription spécifique du cartilage impliqué dans la synthèse de ces éléments. Le traitement des chondrocytes à l’adiponectine a permis de confirmer in vitro les données observées in vivo chez les patients atteints d’arthrose, à savoir que l’adiponectine induit l’expression du TGF-[bêta]et de la MMP-13. Les résultats obtenus avec la leptine indiquent par ailleurs que l’obésité influence fortement la réponse des chondrocytes à cette adipokine. Elle semble ainsi protéger le cartilage chez les patients non obèses en stimulant l’expression de l’IGF-1, du collagène de type 2 et du TIMP-2, mais contribue au processus dégénératif chez les patients obèses en augmentant l’expression de la MMP-13. Enfin l’induction d’une arthrose expérimentale chez le rat Zucker n’ayant pas de récepteur fonctionnel à la leptine a montré que cette adipokine est susceptible de préserver l’articulation des modifications du cartilage et surtout de l’os sous-chondralOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and represents one of the most frequent and disabling disease. There is a positive association between obesity and OA, and not only for knee joints but also for non-weight-bearing joints suggesting that adipose-derived proteins, namely adipokines, may be some keys factors in OA pathophysiology. First, we found that leptin and adiponectin expression and their receptor evolves in an opposite way and depend on differenciation stage of chondrocyte. The production of adipokines were then compared according to adipose tissue and some differences were found between, the infrapatellat fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue. After this work, we aimed to further characterize the role of leptin and adiponectin in OA. Adiponectin production by chondrocytes increases when cartilage is damaged and seems to be directly related with MMP-13 and TGF-[bêta] expression. AdipoR1 expression is associated with the expression of matrix components and with Sox9, a transcription factor involved in their synthesis. Adiponectin treatment confirms data in OA patient, that is adiponectin can induce TGF-[bêta] and MMP-13. Then, we showed obesity influences the chondrocyte responsivness to leptin. This adipokine seems to protect cartilage collected from normal or overweight patient by stimulating IGF-1, type 2 collagen and TIMP-2 expression while leptin increases MMP-13 expression for obese patients. Finally, experimental OA in Zucker rat deficient in leptin receptor, showed the protective effect of leptin on cartilage and on subchondral bone
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Singh, Manindra. "Characterization of Adipokine-Induced Responses for Inflammation and Leukocyte Interaction in Endothelial Cells." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou150169740307715.
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Weise, Sebastian. "Einfluss von Interleukin-1 beta auf die Expression und Sekretion der Adipokine TIMP-1, SAA-3, Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin in 3T3-L1 Adipozyten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-106754.
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Adipositas und ihre Folgeerkrankungen stellen eine wachsende medizinische Herausforde- rung globalen Ausmaßes dar. Im Rahmen der Adipositasforschung wurde das Fettgewebe als endokrines Organ identifiziert. Von ihm sezernierte Proteine, die sogenannten Adipo- kine, beeinflussen maßgeblich Insulinresistenz und Gefäßverletzbarkeit. Adipositas geht im Fettgewebe mit einer subklinischen chronischen Entzündung einher, die zu einer erhöhten Sekretion von proinflammatorischen Adipokinen führt. Die verstärkte Anwesenheit dieser Proteine ist mit den Komplikationen der Adipositas assoziiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit be- fasst sich mit dem Einfluss von Interleukin (IL)-1β, einem wichtigen Entzündungsmediator des Organismus, auf die Sekretion der proinflammatorischen Adipokine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, serum amyloid A (SAA)-3, Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin.
Die zugrundeliegenden Untersuchungen wurden mit 3T3-L1- und braunen Adipozyten durch- geführt. Es erfolgte der Nachweis auf mRNA- sowie auf Proteinebene. Der Einsatz von spe- zifischen Inhibitoren erlaubte den Rückschluss auf grundlegende Signalwege.
Für alle vier untersuchten Adipokine konnte eine signifikante dosis- und zeitabhängige Steige- rung der mRNA- und Proteinexpression durch IL-1β nachgewiesen werden. Die Transduktion des IL-1β-Signals erfolgte im Falle von Lipocalin-2 und SAA-3 über nuclear factor (NF)-κB und janus kinase (Jak)-2, bei TIMP-1 lediglich über Jak-2 und in Bezug auf Chemerin über NFκB, Jak-2, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase und Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase.
Die in dieser Arbeit nachgewiesenen Expressions- und Sekretionssteigerungen von TIMP-1, SAA-3, Lipocalin-2 und Chemerin in braunen und weißen Adipozyten festigen IL-1β als einen entscheidenden Mediator proinflammatorischer Prozesse im Fettgewebe. Eine umfassende Bewertung der Funktion von IL-1β im Fettgewebe, insbesondere im Zustand der Adipositas, muss jedoch in weitergehenden Studien erfolgen.
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Tan, Bee Kang. "Visceral adipokines, inflammation and insulin action in dysmetabolic states." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577569.
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PCOS is the commonest endocrine disorder amongst women associated with insulin resistance and adverse metabolic outcomes e.g. T2DM, dyslipidemia. TlDM, another metabolic disorder, on the other hand, results from auto immune destruction of insulin- producing pancreatic ~-cells, leading to hyperglycemia and its deleterious effects. The metabolic syndrome is associated with accumulation of visceral AT, which produces cytokines termed 'adipokines' implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis. Circulating and AT omentin-l, an insulin sensitizing adipokine, were decreased in women with PCOS; metformin treatment (6 months) increased circulating omentin-l levels. Insulin and glucose decreased omentin-l production in AT; insulin also decreased circulating omentin-l in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro migration and angiogenesis were increased by serum from PCOS women compared to controls; these effects were attenuated by metformin treatment plausibly through the regulation of omentin-l levels via NF-KB (a pro-inflammatory nuclear transcription factor) and Akt pathways. CRP and VEGF induced in vitro migration and angiogenesis was decreased by omentin-l. In another study, there was a decrease in circulating omentin-l together with an increase in circulating adiponectin (fasting and postprandial), in TlDM subjects. Also, circulating and AT ASAA, a pro-inflammatory adipokine, which antagonizes insulin action, were increased in women with PCOS; metformin treatment (6 months) decreased circulating ASAA levels. Glucose increased ASAA production in AT. ASAA production by macrophages may account for these observations. Finally, circulating HMW and total adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing adipokine, were higher in the morning and lower at night; corresponding NF-KB activities in serum treated endothelial cells were lower in the morning and higher at night. Hyperinsulinemic induction decreased HMW and total adiponectin levels but increased NF-N B activity in serum treated endothelial cells. These studies provide novel insights into the biology of adipokines, inflammation and insulin action pertinent to dysmetabolic states such as PCOS and diabetes.
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Liu, Tsz-chiu, and 廖子超. "Lipocalin-2 is a pro-inflammatory adipokine causally involved in obesity-associated endothelial dysfunction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45589434.
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Li, Ying, Tammy Ozment, Gary L. Wright, and Jonathan M. Peterson. "Identification of Putative Receptors for the Novel Adipokine CTRP3 Using Ligand-Receptor Capture Technology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/67.
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C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a member of a family of secreted proteins that exert a multitude of biological effects. Our initial work identified CTRP3’s promise as an effective treatment for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Specifically, we demonstrated that mice fed a high fat diet failed to develop NAFLD when treated with CTRP3. The purpose of this current project is to identify putative receptors which mediate the hepatic actions of CTRP3. Methods We used Ligand-receptor glycocapture technology with TriCEPS™-based ligand-receptor capture (LRC-TriCEPS; Dualsystems Biotech AG). The LRC-TriCEPS experiment with CTRP3-FLAG protein as ligand and insulin as a control ligand was performed on the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Results Initial analysis demonstrated efficient coupling of TriCEPS to CTRP3. Further, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) demonstrated successful oxidation and crosslinking of CTRP3-TriCEPS and Insulin-TriCEPS complexes to cell surface glycans. Demonstrating the utility of TriCEPS under these conditions, the insulin receptor was identified in the control dataset. In the CTRP3 treated cells a total enrichment of 261 peptides was observed. From these experiments 5 putative receptors for CTRP3 were identified with two reaching statistically significance: Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) and Lysosome membrane protein 2 (LIMP II). Follow-up Co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the association between LAMP1 and CTRP3 and further testing using a polyclonal antibody to block potential binding sites of LAMP1 prevented CTRP3 binding to the cells Conclusion The LRC-TriCEPS methodology was successful in identifying potential novel receptors for CTRP3. Relevance The identification of the receptors for CTRP3 are important prerequisites for the development of small molecule drug candidates, of which none currently exist, for the treatment NAFLD.
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Axelsson, Jonas. "Fat tissue, adipokines and clinical complications of chronic kidney disease /." Stockholm : Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska institutet, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-653-0/.
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Tekin, Sema [Verfasser]. "Regulatorische Effekte von Adipokinen auf die parodontale Wundheilung / Sema Tekin." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161527621/34.
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Peterson, Jonathan M., W. Andrew Clark, Jo-Ann Marrs, and Arsham Alamian. "Serum Adipokines and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Hispanic Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1387.
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Tan, Bee Kang. "Adipokines and the Metabolic Aspects of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490677.
Full textAbstract:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age associated with a number of adverse metabolic sequealae. These women have an increased risk of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, an increased risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction, independent of BMI. With the epidemic of obesity, the PCOS phenotype is becoming ever more so prevalent and represents a clear and present health issue that needs to be addressed urgently. The studies describe for the first time the expression of visfatin and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) as well as adiponectin receptors, in corresponding sc and om human adipose tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Also, it was shown that there was significant upregulation of visfatin and RBP4 as well as adiponectin receptors gene expression and protein in both these adipose tissue depots in overweight women with PCOS, including significantly higher circulatin visfatin and RBP4 levels, compared with matched controls. Furthermore, in isolated sc adipocytes, visfatin and RBP4 mRNA as well as adiponectin receptor(s) expression was significantly higher in age, BMI and WHR matched overweight PCOS women. Leptin was found to regulate om adipose tissue visfatin protein production and secretion, exhibiting a 'biphasic' response with a peak at leptin 10-9 M; a dose which is of physiological relevance in both mice and humans; returning to baseline with higher doses of leptin. This was true even in experiments conducted with C57BLIKs db/db mice, which lacked the membrane bound long leptin receptor (OB-Rb); thus highlighting the possible role of the membrane bound short leptin receptor (OBRa) in leptin induced visfatin protein production. Also, the apparent diminished response to higher doses of leptin with respect to visfatin production may be partly explained by the concurrent significant increase in the secretion of the soluble leptin receptor (SLR) at higher doses ofleptin. Binding ofleptin with SLR decreases the bioavailability of leptin to membrane bound leptin receptors and as a consequence, attenuates leptin's biological actions. Finally, when omental adipose tissues were subjected to leptin treatment in the presence of inhibitors of MAPK and PI3K, there was a significant decrease in leptin induced visfatin protein production and secretion. The MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways are known to functionally signal through both the short (OB-Ra) as well as the long (OB-Rb) leptin receptors. Leptin and visfatin may therefore playa coordinated role in various bodily functions, for example adipogenesis. Furthermore, the studies provide novel evidence that testosterone and 17~-estradiol increase both AdipoRl and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein levels; also, that 17~-estradiol significantly increases RBP4 secretion and up-regulates RBP4 mRNA expression and protein levels in human sc and om adipose tissue explants. Finally, HEK-293 cells were found to be suitable to further study and clarify the signalling pathways of both AdipoRl and AdipoR2. The temporal differences observed with respect to the activation ofAMPK between globular adiponectin and full length adiponectin forms the basis of further studies looking into the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, the molecular causes of diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the development of anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Böhler, Nina. "Auswirkungen von Gewichtsreduktion und einem kontrollierten Trainingsprogramm auf die Serumkonzentration der Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) -2 und -4 bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149795.
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Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes sind häufige Erkrankungen des Stoffwechsels. Zur Basistherapie der Adipositas und des Typ-2-Diabetes gehören eine gesunde Ernährungs- weise und die Erhöhung der körperlichen Aktivität unter anderem mit dem Ziel der Gewichtsreduktion. Vermehrte Bewegung führt neben der Verbesserung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit zur Fettmassenreduktion, Verbesserungen der Hyperglykämie, Lipo- proteinstoffwechsels und des Adipokinprofils.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) werden im Fettgewebe produziert und spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Adipogenese und Transdifferenzierung von Adipozyten. Während ein Zusammenhang zwischen der BMP-7-Serumkonzentration und Adipositas vor kurzem belegt wurde, ist bisher nicht bekannt, ob weitere BMPs wie BMP-2 und -4 mit Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes assoziiert sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es deshalb zu untersuchen, ob die BMP-2 und -4 Serumkonzentrationen im Zusammenhang mit Körpergewicht, Fett- verteilung und Parametern des Glukosestoffwechsels bei Patienten mit Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes (n=213) stehen. Im Rahmen von drei Interventionsstudien wurde der Einfluss einer hypokalorischen Ernährungsweise über sechs Monate (n=19), eines 45,3 ± 7,4 kg Gewichtsverlustes ein Jahr nach bariatrischer Chirurgie (n=32) sowie eines zwölf- wöchigen Trainingsprogramms (n=60) auf die BMP-2- und -4-Serumkonzentrationen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die BMP-2-und -4-mRNA-Expression in humanen omentalen und subkutanen Fettgewebsproben von 161 Patienten charakterisiert.
Die BMP-2- und -4-Serumkonzentrationen und die BMP-2- und -4-mRNA-Expression im viszeralen Fettgewebe korrelieren signifikant mit dem BMI und dem Körperfettgehalt.
Zirkulierende BMP-4-Spiegel sind geschlechtsabhängig und bei Patienten mit T2D signifikant niedriger als bei gesunden Kontrollpatienten. Sowohl eine moderate Gewichts- reduktion durch kalorienreduzierte Ernährung als auch ein Gewichtsverlust von 45,3 ± 7,4 kg nach bariatrischer Chirurgie führen zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der zirkulierenden BMP-2- und -4-Spiegel. Das zwölfwöchige Trainingsprogramm führte lediglich zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der BMP-2-Serumkonzentration und zu signifikanten Ver- besserung der Leistungsfähigkeit, von Parametern des Glukosestoffwechsels und der Serumkonzentrationen von Adiponektin und Interleukin-6.
Zusammengefasst zeigen die Daten, dass erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen von BMP-2 und 4 mit Adipositas assoziiert sind und durch Gewichtsreduktion und Erhöhung der körperlichen Aktivität verringert werden können. Die BMP-2- und -4-mRNA-Expression im viszeralen Fettgewebe kann zu erhöhten Serumkonzentrationen dieser Adipokine bei viszeraler Fettverteilung beitragen.
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Ihbe, Jakob [Verfasser]. "Regulation der CD4+ T-Zell‑Antwort durch Adipokine: am Beispiel von Leptin und Adiponektin / Jakob Ihbe." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024865851/34.
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Schmid, Andreas [Verfasser], and Christa [Akademischer Betreuer] Büchler. "Regulation und Funktion immunmodulatorischer Adipokine und Zytokine im Kontext von Fettzellbiologie / Andreas Schmid. Betreuer: Christa Büchler." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072293749/34.
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Tsiklauri, Lali [Verfasser]. "Rolle von Adipokinen bei der Differenzierung von mesenchymalen Stammzellen / Lali Tsiklauri." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223461726/34.
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Jaedicke, Katrin Monika. "Adipokines and myeloid cell immune responses in periodontal disease and diabetes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/867.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for periodontal disease, however the pathogenic links between the two diseases are not completely understood. Both diseases are considered to be inflammatory conditions and, therefore, immune mediators likely play a role in the shared susceptibility between two diseases. Adipokines have numerous immunological properties and their concentrations are altered in diabetes. Myeloid cells are key leukocytes in responses to periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of leptin and adiponectin in myeloid cell immune responses and in T2DM patients as potential mediators in an immunological link between diabetes and periodontal disease. Leptin increased both E. coli and P. ginivalis LPS-induced TNF-α expression in monocytes. Although leptin had no effect on TLR4 expression, leptin did upregulate TLR2 and enhanced monocyte differentiation. Together, these results indicate the potential of leptin to alter monocyte immune responses to periodontal pathogens. Male but not female T2DM patients with gingivitis of chronic periodontitis had increased serum leptin concentrates in comparison to matched, non-diabetic controls. Serum adiponectin concentrations were not effected by periodontal status. In contrast, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) adiponectin concentrations were higher in periodontal disease in both T2DM patients and non-diabetic controls. GCF adiponectin concentrations were a predictor of periodontal status independent of BMI or gender. Serum adipokine concentrations were not affected by periodontal treatment. A decrease on GCF adiponectin concentrations was observed in T2DM patients and non-diabetic controls after periodontal treatment. In conclusion, findings of the present study demonstrate a role for leptin in monocyte differentiation and immune responses towards periodontal pathogens. In addition, analyses of clinical samples revealed that leptin and adiponectin are a potential link between diabetes and periodontal disease. In particular, GCF adiponectin concentrations may represent a diagnostic marker for diabetes and periodontal disease.
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Kredel, Lea Isabell [Verfasser]. "Auswirkung von Adipokinen auf den Immunphänotyp von Makrophagensubpopulationen / Lea Isabell Kredel." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052221653/34.
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Kyrou, Ioannis. "Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on morbidity, inflammation and adipokines." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55046/.
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