Journal articles on the topic 'Adjectif qualificatif'

The short form of the adjective in present-day German, which stems from the Indo-European protolanguage and for that matter is found both in the Germanic and Slavic languages, in the German language took its evolutionary path along the way of the rise and establishment of the morphological features and syntactic functions re-forging itself from one of the forms of expression of a qualificator word into a representative nominator of the morphological paradigm. It widened its syntactic functioning on account of the qualitative adverb that due to the reduction of final vowels, i.e. its grammatical markers, coincided by sounding and meaning with the short form of the qualificator words. In German, these processes brought about the appearance of a new part of speech known as Artwort with the categorical meaning of the qualificator attribution. It realizes its grammatical potentialities in the substance-predicate structure of the sentence revealing in this way a bipolar functionality. Proceeding from the lexicon-centric approach to the categorical meaning of the word including the "amorphous” word of the kind of GUT an attempt is being made to describe the specificity of this type of meaning. In the opinion of the authors the categorical meaning of the "amorphous” word”, which determines its morphological paradigm and syntactic behavior, is vested at the level of the mental lexicon of the speaker as awareness and linguistic experience of using this kind of word in communication. In this way the short form of the adjectives comes in possession of all the features of the elementary sign which non-discretely combines the lexical and categorical meaning. The text-centered approach to the identification of the grammatical concept of the elementary sign reduces the word to the root morpheme. The latter attains the categorical status in its usage which is detrimental to the hierarchical construal of language. The syntactically polar bi-functionality of the short form of the adjective as the elementary sign is foregrounded in the system of actual, real and potential predications and, specifically, in the structure of Paul’s "degraded predicates” as well as in the propositions of the sentence deep structure getting explicated by means of logical implicates that represent a bipolar syntactic functionality of qualificator words. The implicit propositions reveal homonymous ties of the short form of the adjective with the first constituents of compound words which in most cases show themselves as units of the phraseological level of language structure.

This paper considers Serbian adjectives and adverbs denoting qualification property Z in cases when they occur in an utterance of the type ?X is more Z than Y?. The author?s analysis makes it evident that, depending on the lexical meaning of the given adjective / adverb, Z either does, or does not imply that both the X and Y entities are qualified by it. She shows moreover how, by introducing the word jos into his utterance, the speaker succeeds to attribute the property Z to both X and Y in spite of its non-implicational meaning.

L’article se penche sur les néologismes dérivés du nom propre « Trump » d’un point de vue morphologique et sémantique. Nos observations morphologiques sont accompagnées de courts extraits journalistiques commentés avec un accent mis sur l’activité sémique des néologismes. Organisé en deux parties, l’article relève quelques exemples de ce phénomène récent : d’abord, nous nous focalisons sur l’adjectif « trumpien » dont le suffixe très productif -ien forme non seulement les adjectifs relationnels mais également qualificatifs. En d’autres termes, des sèmes supplémentaires s’adjoignent au dérivé du nom propre du président américain et ainsi cisèlent la définition du « trumpisme », le deuxième exemple décrit dans l’article. Les nombreuses occurrences du dérivé permettent délimiter le contenu sémantique de ce néologisme, entre autres, par l’opposition ou mise en parallèle avec d’autres -ismes dont « macronisme » est sans doute le plus fréquent. Ce lien établi entre le « trumpisme » et le « macronisme » ne cesse d’être actualisé en contexte : il s’intensifie même en cette période de crise du coronavirus. Nous pourrions supposer qu’un sujet aussi brûlant qu’une pandémie mondiale ne laisse pas de place pour la politique dans les médias : au contraire, la crise sanitaire a plutôt augmenté la création lexicale dans ce domaine en employant des éléments liés à la pandémie, tels que -virus, -pandémie ou corona-. L’expansion du coronavirus ainsi devient une métaphore de l’expansion d’une idéologie politique spécifique, en l’occurrence la politique de Donald Trump mise en opposition (ou en parallèle) avec l’idéologie supposée d’Emmanuel Macron.

Abstract The relationship between the word­formation meaning and the lexical meaning on the one hand and the relationship between potentiality and reality of the lexical meaning on the other hand belongs to the topics repeatedly dealt with by Klára Buzássyová. In her studies she also stated that the assessment of the word­formation meaning and the lexical meaning is a task for lexicographers (and a task of lexicographic treatment of the vocabulary). Denominal relational adjectives still represent a lexicographic challenge in terms of treating their (real) lexical meaning. Their word­formation meaning is general: ‘relating to the fact denoted by the motivating word’. Their lexical meaning is given by the relation to the motivating noun or the motivating multi­word unit (the polysemantic structure of the motivating noun is thus indicated in the semantic structure of the adjective) and by the reference to the governing noun (collocability of relational adjectives as a consequence of their dominant use in the attributive position, i.e. in adjective­substantive combinations, is also expressed in their semantic structure). The lexical meaning of denominal relational adjectives is also influenced by the lexicalization process, e.g. by the accumulation of semantic elements on their systemic qualificative meaning (the characteristic property meaning and comparative meaning), leading sometimes to the total loss of connection with the motivating noun.

The first step in this research is the always dominant the noun aspect in mastering Indonesian vocabulary. The focus in this study is how the control of Indonesian vocabulary in grade 5 SD students in Medan City. There are two sub-focusses in this study: (1) what is the level of qualification and (2) aspects of Indonesian vocabulary mastery by grade 5 elementary school students. This study aims to identify control of Indonesian vocabulary by grade 5 elementary school students based on the level of qualification and aspects of Indonesian vocabulary mastery. The method used is the case study method. The population in this study were elementary school students. The sample in this study were students of grade 5 elementary school accredited A and C in Medan City who were respondents. The findings of this study were the mastery of Indonesian vocabulary by elementary students in Medan City on a good scale, namely 78%. The mastery of Indonesian vocabulary in the noun aspect that was first recognized by the students did not show the dominant aspect in this study, but the adjective aspect. AbstrakAspek nomina dalam penguasaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia (BI) selalu dominan yang menjadi langkah awal penelitian ini. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah penguasaan kosakata BI oleh siswa kelas 5 SD di Kota Medan. Ada dua subfokus dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimana tingkat kualifikasi dan aspek penguasaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia oleh siswa kelas 5 SD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penguasaan kosakata BI oleh siswa kelas 5 SD berdasarkan (1) tingkat kualifikasi dan (2) aspek penguasaan kosakata BI. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SD. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa kelas 5 SD yang berakreditasi A dan C di Kota Medan yang menjadi responden. Temuan penelitian ini ialah penguasaan kosakata BI oleh siswa SD di Kota Medan pada skala baik, yaitu 78%. Penguasaan kosakata BI aspek nomina yang pertama dikenal siswa tidak menunjukkan yang dominan dalam penelitian ini, tetapi aspek adjektiva.

Ageism can be seen as systematic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination of people because of their age. For a long time, society has accepted negative stereotypes as a norm. When referring to older adults, the United Nations Global Report on Ageism warns about a severe impact. The Intergenerational Study for a Healthy Aging, a questionnaire about believes, stereotypes, and knowledge about older people and grandparents, was administered to 326 Spanish biology and medical students. Here we report the results of stereotype analysis through adjective qualification of the youth and older people performed before the survey. Content analysis of two open questions about metacognition at the end of the survey is also presented. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire promoted metacognition; (2) Positive metacognition toward grandparents was higher than for the general old population; (3) Most participants were not conscious about ageism; (4) Gender was a key factor—male students were more ageist than females; (5) The feeling of guilt was higher in the questionnaire about older people; (6) The metacognition exercise elicited thoughts and, in few cases, the need to take action to tackle ageism. In conclusion, both activities promoted active thoughts about older people vs. grandparents and helped participants realize unconscious ageism—specifically toward the older population—serving as an awareness activity that may help tackle ageism.

Purpose In line with various scientific papers warning against an inconsistent use of this adjective for food qualification, the purpose of this paper is to point out the sweeping assertion that “local” equates to “ecological”. Design/methodology/approach Looking beyond the measurement of carbon emissions to assess impacts on the environment, this paper addresses ecological issues in terms of interactions with the environment. To this end, it enhances an under-the-skin approach that goes through “local” fruit and vegetables to look into seed management and plant breeding practices. Findings This method, tested with 2 vegetative species – apple and potato – on 12 case studies in Europe, allows to build a typology that discriminates between: producing food without reproducing plants, grafting trees and storing tubers for maintaining landraces, and sowing seeds to restart the breeding process from the early beginning, trying in this way to enhance the capacity of plants to better fit with their environment. The typology matches a gradient that describes various degrees of intensity of environment–society relationships, from disconnection to adaptation – conceived on the one hand as already stabilized and on the other hand as still evolving. Research limitations/implications This analytical framework sheds light on contradictions that many local food networks have to face while yearning for a recognition by a geographical indication. Originality/value The paper argues that vegetal material might be a fruitful research object for tracking the controversies that unfold along the construction of local food products. It discusses social constructivist approaches of terroir while advocating for a materialist approach.

Procuramos, neste texto, pensar o significado da rejeição da tradicional definição de homem efetuada por Descartes, quando tenta entender o que somos. Essa rejeição é resultado de um novo método de filosofar, que poderíamos designar como via das ideias – aquela que parte das forças do próprio espírito para examinar tudo o que ocorre nele e em qualquer outra coisa, evitando usar de pressuposições. A fim de marcar essa diferença de perspectiva e a reiterada disposição do filósofo francês em elaborá-la, apontamos a limitação da noção de conceito – seja aquela da tradição aristotélica-escolástica, seja a pós-cartesiana, fortemente marcada pela representação científica – para dar conta da problemática do fenômeno humano. Nesse sentido, insistimos na riqueza e amplitude da noção de ideia – elaborada e reelaborada ao longo dos anos pelo filósofo – para enfrentar esse complexo fenômeno. Uma vez que o homem não é uma substância, a manifestação dos seus aspectos é sempre adjetiva, podendo qualificá-lo sem, contudo, propiciar a sua compreensão. Essa dificuldade de apreensão exige, portanto, que o estudo da ideia de homem explore até o limite a própria racionalidade humana Palavras-chave: Descartes. homem. ideia. conceito. definição. Considerations on the impossibility of defining man based on Descartes Abstract: The aim of this text is to reflect on the meaning of the rejection of the traditional definition of man performed by Descartes when he attempts to understand what we are. This rejection is the result of a new method of philosophizing, which we may designate as the way of ideas—that which emerges from the forces of one’s own spirit to examine all that occurs within it and in any other thing, avoiding the use of presuppositions. To highlight this difference of perspective and the reiterated willingness of this French philosopher in elaborating it, we indicate the limitation of the notion of concept—whether that of the Aristotelian-Scholastic tradition or the post-Cartesian tradition, strongly characterized by scientific representation—to deal with the problematic of the phenomenon of the human. In this respect, we stress the richness and amplitude of the notion of idea, elaborated and re-elaborated over years by this philosopher, to address this complex phenomenon. Since man is not a substance, the manifestation of his aspects is always adjectival, allowing qualification without, however, providing comprehension. This difficulty of perception therefore requires that the study of the idea of man explore human rationality itself to the greatest extent. Keywords: Descartes, man, idea, concept, definition Considérations sur l'impossibilité de définir l'homme à partir de Descartes Resumé: On se propose, dans ce texte, de réfléchir sur le sens du rejet de la définition traditionnelle de l'homme faite par Descartes, lorsqu'il tente de comprendre ce que nous sommes. Ce rejet est le résultat d'une nouvelle méthode de philosopher, que nous pourrions désigner comme la voie des idées - celle qui part des forces de l'esprit lui-même pour examiner tout ce qui se passe en lui et en toute autre chose, en évitant d'utiliser des présupposés. Pour marquer cette différence de perspective et la disposition réitérée du philosophe français dans son élaboration, nous soulignons la limitation de la notion de concept - soit celle de la tradition aristotélicienne-scolastique, soit celle post-cartésienne, fortement marquée par la représentation scientifique - pour rendre compte de la problématique du phénomène humain. En ce sens, nous insistons sur la richesse et l'amplitude de la notion d'idée - élaborée et retravaillée au fil des années par Descartes - pour faire face à ce phénomène complexe. Une fois l'homme n'est plus une substance, la manifestation de ses aspects reste toujours adjective, pouvant le qualifier sans toutefois favoriser sa compréhension. Cette difficulté d'appréhension exige donc que l'étude de l'idée de l'homme explore jusqu'à la limite la rationalité humaine elle-même. Mots-clés: Descartes, homme, idée, concept, définition. Data de registro: 17/11/2020 Data de aceite: 30/12/2020

AbstractThe world's languages generally distinguish between nouns and verbs. However, many do not have a specific class of adjectives with its own significantly different grammatical properties to set it apart from nouns and verbs. This is true of Berber which, in this respect, differs from Arabic. That being said, if one looks at the details, there is wide variety across Berber languages. Most have both ``verbal'' adjectives and ``nominal'' adjectives, with more or less marked secondary properties. Some have a small adjective class for describing certain core properties. Historically, these could reflect an earlier phase of Berber.

В лингвистике причастием принято называть нефинитную форму глагола, обознача- ющую признак имени, связанный с действием, и выполняющую атрибутивную функцию. Таким образом, причастие совмещает признаки глагола и прилагательного. «Глагольность» причастия проявляется в наличии у него характерных для глагола категорий времени, вида и залога, а также способности сочетаться с именами по глагольному типу. К прила- гательным причастие приближают такие признаки, как наличие у него категорий рода (в некоторых языках), числа и падежа и способность выполнять типичную для прилага- тельного синтаксическую функцию определения и именной части составного сказуемого. Двойственная природа причастия дает основание для разных мнений относительно его се- мантико-грамматического статуса. Хотя большинство лингвистов в русистике, осети- новедении и иранистике относят причастие к вербоидам, имеются и другие точки зрения. Выбор темы статьи обусловлен тем, что, во-первых, причастие во всех трех языках (пер- сидском, русском и осетинском) является наименее четко описанной морфологической фор- мой; во-вторых, представляет определенный научный интерес квалификация и анализ ука- занной морфологической формы в языках одной (индоевропейской) семьи, тем более что два из них – осетинский и персидский – представляют одну языковую группу, в-третьих, есть основание полагать, что морфология осетинского языка, в частности, категория глагола, сохранила свои исконные индоевропейские черты, что наглядно показывает сравнитель- ный анализ осетинского причастия с русскими и персидскими. Сопоставление причастия в трех языках дает возможность определить наименее изученные аспекты этой глагольной формы и наметить пути и методы их дальнейшего исследования. In linguistics the participle is commonly referred to a nonfinite form of the verb denoting the sign of a name, related to action and performs an attributive function. Thus, the participle combines the features of a verb and an adjective. “Verbal” nature of participial forms is confirmed by a set of characteristic features of the verb shared: categories of tense, of voice and of aspect. Such features of participle as category of gender (in some languages), singular and plural forms, category of case bring it closer to an adjective, as well as capability to function as an attribute and be part of a compound-nominal predicate. The dual nature of a participle gives ground to different opinions about its semantic and grammatical status. Though most of linguists in Russian studies, Ossetian studies and Iranian studies refer participle to verbal forms, there also exist differing opinions about its categorization. The choice of the theme of the articleis due, firstly, to the fact that participle is the least extensively described morphological form in all three languages (Persian, Russian and Ossetian); secondly, qualification and analysis of indicated morphological form in one (namely, Indo-European ) language family is of scientific interest, as two of them Ossetian and Persian represent one linguistic group, thirdly, we have reason to believe that morphology of Ossetian, in particular, the category of a verb retained its original Indo-European features that comparative analysis of Ossetian participle with Russian and Persian confirms. The comparison of participles in these three languages gives us opportunities to identify less studied aspects of the verbal form and define the ways and methods of the further study.