Academic literature on the topic 'Adjective Grammar'
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Journal articles on the topic "Adjective Grammar"
1
Husband, Edward Matthew. "Severing Scale Structure from the Adjective." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 2 (July 6, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.565.
Full textAbstract:
The scale structure of adjectives, whether an adjective measures on an open or closed scale, has certain grammatical consequences and is traditionally captured by encoding scale structure into an adjective’s lexical representation and projecting it into the grammar. However, adjectives can exhibit scalar variability, suggesting that scale structure is not projected from the lexicon, but instead is constructed by the adjective’s structural environment. I review a recent analysis of adjectival scale structure, observing that an economy condition with a single pos morpheme requires polysemy for these variable-behavior adjectives, and propose that splitting the pos morpheme and severing scale structure from the adjective captures scalar variability within a unified lexical entry without economy.
2
Ibragimova, Dilbar Sadullaevna, and Sree Chaitanya Teja Ambalakara. "GRAMMAR CATEGORIES AND VOCABULARY FORM OF ADJECTIVES IN LATIN LANGUAGE." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2, no. 1 (2024): 419–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10593520.
Full textAbstract:
This abstract tells about the adjectives and the groups of adjectives in Latin and some vocabulary and categories of the adjectives. We also get to know about adjective-noun agreement and adjective declensions of some Latin words.
3
Farinde, Raifu O., and Happy O. Omolaiye. "Structural Variations of Adjective in English and Okpameri." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1201.07.
Full textAbstract:
Adjectives indicate grammatical property of language. They give more information about nouns. The usage of adjective in utterances varies in languages. These variations often pose problem to ESL learners. Predicating on Contrastive Analysis, the study generated Okpameri data from oral sources and participatory observation. English data were got from the English grammar texts. From the findings, the two languages are grammatically marked for pre/post modifying adjective, predicative adjective, degree of adjective and order of adjective. However, the grammatical structure and usage of these adjectives differ. While English adjectives often pre-modify the headword, Okpameri adjectives usually post-modify the headword. Also, while English distinguishes between the use of “beautiful” and handsome for feminine and masculine genders respectively, Okpameri language resorts to using uni-gender “shemilushe” which its equivalent translation in English is either “beautiful or handsome”. As in the case of degree of adjective, suffixes are attached to the root-word to form comparative and superlative adjectives of the two languages. It has been observed that English adjectival pre-modification is consistent. However, Okpameri adjectives function as pre/post-modifiers. The study, therefore suggests that language teachers, particularly English language experts, should adopt systematic approach to the teaching of adjectives as this will broaden the knowledge of Okpameri ESL learners.
4
Thompson, Sandra A., and Hongyin Tao. "Conversation, grammar, and fixedness." Chinese Language and Discourse 1, no. 1 (2010): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.1.1.01tho.
Full textAbstract:
The categoriality of ‘adjectives’ has been a favorite topic of discussion in functional Chinese linguistics. However, the literature leaves us with no clear picture of the ‘adjective’ category for Mandarin. In this paper, we take a usage-based approach to revisit the issue of adjectives in Mandarin. Our investigation of a corpus of face-to-face conversations shows that conversational Mandarin favors Predicate Adjectives over Attributive Adjectives. This pattern is explained by two facts: people primarily use Predicate Adjectives in conversation to assess the world around them, and these assessments (including reactive tokens) are a primary way for people to negotiate stance, alignment, and perspective, while Attributive Adjectives are used to introduce new participants into the discourse, which is a less prominent function in everyday conversation. We also argue that whether predicative or attributive, an understanding of adjectives in everyday Mandarin talk involves various facets of fixedness. This is substantiated by the fact that predicate vs. attributive positions attract different types of adjectives, kinds of collocation patterns, kinds of constructions, and pathways to lexicalization. Thus, this paper demonstrates that (1) interactional data can tell us much about the ‘psychological reality’ of the category ‘adjective’ for speakers; and (2) frequency and ongoing prefab creation are crucial to characterizing the categoriality and mental representation of ‘adjectives’ in Mandarin.
5
Tampangella, Terra, and Titi Rokhayati. "THE ANALYSIS OF NOUN DERIVED FROM ADJECTIVE FOUND IN BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH AND THE TEACHING OF GRAMMAR." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 9, no. 2 (2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v9i2.3488.
Full textAbstract:
The study is qualitative research. This research deals with noun derived from adjective found in Barack Obama’s speech. The objectives of the research are to find out the position of the noun derived from adjectives in the sentence pattern found in Barack Obama’s speech and to describe the application of noun derived from adjective to teach grammar. In collecting the data, the researchers read the script, identified noun derived from adjectives, analysed the data related to the theory of noun derived from the adjective, analyzing the data quantitatively and qualitatively, applied the finding to teach the grammar at eleventh grade student of Senior High School. The result shows that there are three positions of the noun derived from adjectives based on sentence pattern. They are 30 SVO (Subject + Verb + Object) (50%), 18 SVA ( Subject + Verb + Adverb ) (30%), 12 SVC ( Subject + Verb + Complement ) (20%). The teacher could apply in pre teaching by giving description of Barrack Obama’s characters, whilst teaching by giving the explanation about part of speech and post teaching by strengthening the use of noun derived from adjective as one of part of speech in which it becomes the most important piece in a sentence.
6
Makoa, Malisema Francina. "The challenges of conjunctively written adjectives in the learning of Sesotho." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (2024): 1662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2306.
Full textAbstract:
The use of adjectives in a sentence is a critical issue in various settings, especially when learning grammar, and is essential for comprehending the qualities that are associated with nouns. Adjectives are the words that add more information to the substantive (noun and pronoun) or the words that qualify the substantive, and they are one type of qualificative. Different languages have different orthographies of the adjectives. Some scholars have already shown the importance of adjectives in a sentence; however, some studies have indicated that some students have some challenges in writing the adjective in a sentence. Therefore, this study aims to find the challenges that conjunctively written Sesotho adjectives bring in the learning of Sesotho and how students can be assisted in writing the adjectives correctly. This interpretive study employed a qualitative approach where documents were used to gather data, and the data collected were analyzed thematically. The study found that students write the adjectives conjunctively instead of writing them disjunctively, which happened to be the problem under study. It concludes that students write adjectives conjunctively because they cannot separate the adjectival prefix from the adjectival stem. Therefore, the paper recommends that students be taught the structure of the Sesotho adjective as a separate entity in the text.
7
Premrl Podobnik, Mirjam. "Značilnosti jezikoslovnega opisa določne in nedoločne oblike slovenskega pridevnika ter določnosti pri nekaterih slovenskih jezikoslovcih." Jezik in slovstvo 69, no. 4 (2024): 211–29. https://doi.org/10.4312/jis.69.4.211-229.
Full textAbstract:
Some established Slovene linguists in their works, included the grammar of the Slovene language, Slovenska slovnica, do not seem to present an unambiguous distinction between relational adjectives on the one hand and qualitative and material adjectives on the other. Uncertainties arise in the following areas: 1. The interpretation of denominal adjectives like gozden/-dni and sodoben/-bni. Should we regard both forms (definite and indefinite) as a qualitative adjective or should we consider its definite form a relational adjective when it appears as a part of a fixed phrase? A review of Slovene and foreign scientific literature shows that the later interpretation is more appropriate. 2. Should we consider the definite form of adjectives in (occasional) fixed phrases (sodobni turist) a relational adjective at all, or should we rather consider it a relational use of qualitative adjectives? The article leaves this question open. 3. Is definiteness as a semantic, grammatical and textual category presented appropriately in Slovenska slovnica, especially in connection with the definite and indefinite Slovene adjectival forms? The article shows that the presentation is misleading. The main purpose for debating the inappropriate passages in the linguistic descriptions of the abovementioned phenomena lays in the author’s need to establish an efficient interpretative apparatus in order to study the relationship between the definite and indefinite adjectival form and definiteness, especially in those contexts where the choice of one or another form is difficult. The author thus decides to talk about the qualitative, material and relational use of adjectives, instead of qualitative, material and relational adjectives.
8
Blom, Elma, Daniela Polišenská, and Fred Weerman. "Articles, adjectives and age of onset: the acquisition of Dutch grammatical gender." Second Language Research 24, no. 3 (2008): 297–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658308090183.
Full textAbstract:
A comparison of the error profiles of monolingual (child L1) learners of Dutch, Moroccan children (child L2) and Moroccan adults (adult L2) learning Dutch as their L2 shows that participants in all groups massively overgeneralize [—neuter] articles to [+neuter] contexts. In all groups, the reverse gender mistake infrequently occurs. Gender expressed by Dutch attributive adjectives reveals an age-related asymmetry between the three groups, however. Whereas participants in the child groups overgeneralize one particular suffix (namely the schwa), adult participants use both adjectival forms, the schwa-adjective and the bare adjective, incorrectly. It is argued that the asymmetry observed in adjectives reflects that adult learners exploit an input-based, lexical learning route, whereas children rely on grammar-based representations. The similarity in article selection between all groups follows from the assumption that adults, like children, make use of lexical frames. Crucially, lexical frames can successfully describe the distribution of gender-marked articles, but they cannot account for gender in adjectives.
9
Ahmed, Serwan Samen, and Aram Rasheed Majeed. "Adjective in Linguistic Schools: Traditional, Generative, Cognitive." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, no. 1 (2022): 622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.1.38.
Full textAbstract:
The research is titled (Adjective in linguistic schools - traditional, generative, Cognitive). The research aims to study the adjective in the Kurdish language as a linguistic category. The types of adjectives were classified according to the linguistic schools, based on many principles. The traditional school concerned with the semantic principle to determine the class of adjectives. In the Generative school, the principle of position and function were two basic principles for defining an adjective. In the Cognitive theory, the principles of the adjective-noun relationship, the position of the adjective from the noun, and how the characteristics of nouns are presented through adjectives, were basic principles for defining the adjective and its types. The research is divided into three parts, the first section includes a review and a historical presentation of the researchers’concerns in classifying adjectives and their forms in the Kurdish language. In the second section of the research, examples of adjectives in the Kurdish language are presented from the perspective of the generative theory. Especially on the principle of syntactic case and the X-bar theory. In the third section, I dealt with the classification of adjectives in the Kurdish language from the perspective of Cognitive grammar.
10
Díaz Hormigo, María Tadea. "Funciones semánticas de los sufijos de adjetivos derivados neológicos." Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna, no. 49 (2024): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.refiull.2024.49.04.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the meanings, values, and significant nuances of the suffixes involved in the formation of neological-derived adjectives. The objective is to determine whether such meanings, values, or nuances provided by the suffixes to the bases of these formations conform to or differ from those indicated in the semantic classifications of adjectival suff ixes found in word-formation monographs, grammar studies, and dictionaries. For this purpose, a corpus of written press contexts containing neological-suffixed adjectives is used. T he procedure entails analyzing the meanings, values, and significant nuances indicated in word-formation research, grammar studies, and dictionaries regarding the adjective-derived suffixes. Once delimited, it has been checked whether or not they conform to those contributed to the base by the suffixes of the adjectives in the corpus. The conclusions obtained not only allow us to determine the degree of productivity of each suffix, its vitality, and survival but also contribute to updating the semantic information regarding the suffixes comprised in dictionaries, grammar studies, and monographic research on word formation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adjective Grammar"
1
Bottoman, Ntombesizwe. "The adjective in Xhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52480.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adjectives in Xhosa represent a small, closed class of descriptive nominal modifiers, which
are categorized as the adjective because of their morphological behaviour, i.e. they all
have to appear with the prefix of the noun which is the head of the Noun Phrase.
There are other nominal modifiers in Xhosa, which may have the same descriptive
function as the small class of morphological adjectives. Attention focuses on the relative
clauses and descriptive possessives.
The term "Adjective" in Xhosa includes the semantic adjective. Various scholars define the
adjective as a distinct category by establishing specific criteria for. Semantic prototypes
with noun, adjective and verb types, i.e. semantic types according to Dixon (1991) are
considered. Semantic types in Xhosa may also have this feature. The following categoreis
have been considered: morphological adjective, descriptive possessive, relative clauses,
i.e. nominal relative clauses and the verbal relative clauses.
With regard to the morphological adjective: Some basic notions on the morphological
adjectives, specifically the morphology of adjectives, adjectival phrases, the distribution of
the adjectives, comparison and the co-ordinated adjectives, and the definite morpheme
are dealt with.
The following values have been dealt with regarding the structure of the relative clause,
i.e. the nominal relative clause with the definite morpheme [a], the copulative verb and
the nominal relative complements of the copulative verbs.
Two issues have been discussed in the case of the descriptive possessive: firstly, where
the descriptive part is the head of the Noun Phrase with meanings such as groups, nouns
denoting quantity, cardinal numbers, the partitives, units of measure and mass, humans
with the features of psychological and physical features, the infinitive clause, and
secondly, the descriptive part is the complement of the preposition [-a-].<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Adjektiewe in Xhosa verteenwoordig 'n klein geslote klas van deskriptiewe nominale
bepalers wat as 'n adjektief kategorie beskou word op grond van hul morfologie, di.i. hulle
moet almal voorkom saam met die prefiks van die naamwoord wat die kern is van die
naamwoordgroep.
Daar is ander nominale bepalers in Xhosa wat dieselfde deskriptiewe funksie as die klein
klas van morfologiese adjektiewe kan hê. Aandag is gegee an die relatiewe en
deskriptiewe possessiewe.
Die term "adjektief" in Xhosa sluit die semantiese adjektief in: verskeie taalkundiges
definieer die adjektief as 'n aparte kategorie deur spesifieke kriteria vir adjektiewe te
bepaal. Semantiese prototipes met naamwoorde, adjektiewe en werkwoordtipes, d.i.
semantiese tipes volgens Dixon (1991) is ondersoek. Semantiese tipes in Xhosa kan ook
hierdie kenmerk hê. Die volgende kategorieë is ondersoek: Morfologiese adjektief,
deskriptiewe possessief, relatief klouse waaronder nominale en werkwoordelike relatiewe
klause.
Met verwysing na die morfologiese adjektief: sekere basiese begrippe ten opsigte van die
morfologiese adjektief is nagegaan, waaronder spesiefiek die morfologie van adjektiewe,
adjektief frases, die distribusie van die adjektiewe, vergelyking en die neweskikkende
adjektiewe sowel as die bepaaldheidsmorfeem.
Die volgende sake is oorweeg met betrekking tot die struktuur van die relatief klous: die
nominale relatief klous met die bepaaldheidsmorfeem [-a-], die kapulatiewe werkwoord en
die nominale relatiewe komplemente van die kopulatiewe werkwoorde.
Twee sake is bespreek in die geval van die deskriptiewe possessief: eerstens, die
deskriptiewe deel is die kern van die naamwoordfrase met betekenisse soos groepe,
naamwoorde wat kwantiteit aandui, hooftelwoorde, partitiewe, eenhede van maat en
massa, mense met sielkundige en fisiese kenmerke, die infinitief klous,· en tweedens die
deskriptiewe deel is die komplement van die preposisie [-a-].
2
Sharpe, Dean. "Children's understanding of adjectives." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26138.
Full textAbstract:
A basic principle of object individuation--that predicables (or adjectival, verbal, or prepositional expressions) do not individuate--gives rise to a competence theory related to their interpretation. It is that we interpret predicables as sub-kinds of the kinds that type them. Evidence of children's competence in this matter is reviewed. Two experiments are presented, exploring the sensitivity of 20 children, aged 2;11 to 3;11 (mean 3;6), to changes in adjective interpretation across unrelated and related kinds. For instance, children were tested on their understanding that a nonsense adjective picked out sub-kinds of toy bears and balls on the basis of unrelated attributes. They were also tested on their understanding that the opposites "big" and "little" could describe the same individual object when typed by basic level and superordinate level kinds (e.g. that a little bat could be a big toy). Children's responses were near perfect, indicating that the basic logical framework for predicable interpretation used by adults is in place by age three.
3
Mphasha, Lekau Eleazar. "Adjectives in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51565.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research investigates the adjective in Northern Sotho. The entire research
indicates that adjectives form a closed system and are morphologically marked with a
noun class prefix in Northern Sotho. Three semantic categories of adjectives which
may be recognized are descriptive, quantitative and colour adjectives.
Chapter One is the introduction of the research. The introductory sections which
appear in it are purpose and aim of study, method of research, organization of the
study, definitions of the concepts and derivation of adjectives.
Chapter Two concentrates on the semantic adjective. Semantics deals with the study
of words origins~ changes and meanings. Attributive (prenominal) adjectives tend to
denote fairly permanent properties, while predicative ones denote the corresponding
transient properties as in the following examples:
(1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned)
b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly)
(2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand)
b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus)
Adjectives can occur in comparative and exclamatory constructions. Two types of
adjectives may also differ from one another in that the one involving conversion does
not take degree modifier or comparative, whereas the one not involving conversion can
have either of them occurring with them:
(3) a. The strong should help the weak
b. The very strong should help the weak
(4) a. The cup is big
b. The cup is too big
Chapter Three evolves on the formation and structure of adjectives in Northern Sotho.
This chapter introduces a wide range of word building elements used to create the
adjective structure. Emphasis is put on the adjectival prefixes, adjectival stems and
adjectival suffixes which are the constituent elements of the adjective. Only the
adjectival stems are reduplicable and have usually an intensified meaning. This implies
that the adjectival prefixes and adjectival suffixes, in terms of their position and function,
cannot be reduplicated. There are also some restrictions in the use of adjectives. The
main concerns are the nature of word-formation processes and the ways in which wordformation
interacts with syntax, semantics and lexicon.
Chapter Four exemplifies the descriptive possessive in full. As a matter of clarification,
no possessives have been discussed in this chapter. Descriptive possessives and
possessives are two different aspects. In this chapter, various aspects which make up
the descriptive possessives are also discussed in detail.
Chapter Five deals with the nominal relative clause. The head is always the noun in
all the nominal relative clauses. The matrix and the relative clauses are given under
physical features, psychological features, habits, skills, taste and natural
phenomena. The distribution of a relative is also indicated. Attention is based on the
complement of a noun and position in a clause.
Chapter Six is the concluding chapter which gives the summary of all the previous
chapters.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het as doelstelling die ondersoek van die adjektief in Noord-Sotho.
Die bevindinge van die navorsing dui daarop dat adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho 'n geslote
klas vorm wat morfologies gemerk word deur 'n naamwoordklasprefiks. Die drie
semantiese kategorieë van adjektiewe wat in die studie erken word sluit in
deskriptiewe, kwantitatiewe en kleur adjektiewe.
Hoofstuk Een vorm die inleiding van die studie. Die verskillende sub-afdelings van die
hoofstuk gee die doelstelling van die studie, asook 'n oorsig van die navorsingsmetode,
organisasie van die studie, belangrike definisies en konsepte en behandel die afleiding
van adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho.
Hoofstuk Twee fokus op die semantiese adjektiewe. Semantiek hou verband met die
studie van woorde se oorsprong, veranderinge en betekenisse. Attributiewe
(prenominale) adjektiewe neig om redelik permanente eienskappe aan te dui, terwyl
predikatiewe adjektiewe die korresponderende tydelike eienskappe aandui, soos
getoon in die volgende voorbeelde in Engels:
(1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned)
b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly)
(2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand)
b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus)
Adjektiewe kan in vergelykende en uitroepkonstruksies verskyn. Twee tipes adjektiewe
kan ook verskil van mekaar in die opsig dat die een tipe wat verandering behels nie 'n
graad bepaler of vergelykende bepaler neem nie, terwyl die ander wat nie verandering
behels nie met enige van hierdie bepalers kan verskyn. Beskou die volgende
voorbeelde in Engels: (3) a. The strong should help the weak
b. The very strong should help the weak
(4) a. The cup is big
b. The cup is too big
Hoofstuk Drie hou verband met die vorming en struktuur van adjektiewe in Noord-
Sotho. Hierdie hoofstuk stel'n wye reekswoordbou-elementebekendwat gebruik word
om qie adjektiefstruktuur te skep. Besondere aandag word gegee aan die adjektiefprefikse,
adjektiefstamme en adjektiefsuffikse wat die konstituent elemente van die I
adjektief is. Slegs adjektiefstamme is dupliseerbaar, en het gewoonlik 'n
geïntensifeerde betekenis. Dit volg dat die adjektiefprefikse en -suffikse in terme van
hulle posisie en funksie nie geredupliseer kan word nie. Daar word ook ondersoek
ingestel na die beperkings ten opsigte van die gebruik van adjektiewe. Die hoofoorwegings
is die aard van woordvormingsprosesseen die wyse waarop woordvorming
in interaksie is met die sintaksis, semantiek en die leksikon.
Hoofstuk Vier ondersoek die deskriptiewe possessief in Noord-Sotho volledig. Ter
wille van duidelikheid: geen possessiewe wat letterlike semantiese besit aandui word
in hierdie hoofstuk as relevant beskou nie aangesien deskriptiewe possessiewe, maar
nie letterlike besitaanduidende possessiewe nie, as kategorie van semantiese
adjektiewe beskou word. In hierdie hoofstuk word ook verskillende aspekte
bespreek wat die semantiese adjektief karakteriseer.
Hoofstuk Vyf ondersoek die nominale relatief klous. Die kern is altyd 'n naamwoord
in al die nominale relatiefklouse. Die matriks- en die relatiefklouse word bespreek
onder die klasse van fisiese kenmerke, sielkundige kenmerke, gewoontes,
vaardighede, smake, en natuurlike verskynsels. Die verspreiding van 'n relatief
word ook aangedui. Aandag word gevestig op die komplement van 'n naamwoord
en posisie in die klous.
Hoofstuk Ses is die samevatting van die studie waarin die belangrikste bevindings aan
die orde gestel word.
4
Theledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious. "Descriptive nominal modifiers in Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52755.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of
nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive.
The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a
determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in
an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can
be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be
compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative
clauses.
The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative
clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed
by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study
has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb.
These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which
the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a
second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive
[a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is
clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause
represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns.
The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the
descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of
phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have
been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention,
i.e. group nouns and partitives.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde
spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief.
Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n
adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n
naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi,
dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings
vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in
vergelykings.
Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in
Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n
infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat.
Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n
komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel
in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in
'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook
kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van
hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye
verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie
wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde.
Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord
vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese
struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die
possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het
spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.
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Santos, Ana Galdino dos. "Das variantes dos adjetivos de cor compostos: subsídios para a discussão da proposta de uma gramática-padrão da língua portuguesa." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2001. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1661.
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From the bending of compound adjectives designative color constituted the words light and dark, this work calls into question the proposal of a standard grammar of Portuguese presented only for linguists, because it does not consider this task specialist prescribing standards of linguistic behavior. For this research, any proposed standard grammar for purposes of facilitating the teaching-learning process will be based on the current model of grammar, which involves the selection of a linguistic variety among several to serve as a model for writing that entails lack of explanation for most current forms or forms from other uses, taking into account the state of a given variety synchronic linguistics.<br>A partir da flexão dos adjetivos compostos designativos de cor constituídos das palavras claro e escuro, este trabalho põe em questão a proposta de uma gramática-padrão do português apresentada apenas por linguistas, porque entende não ser tarefa desse especialista prescrever normas de comportamento linguístico. Para esta pesquisa, qualquer proposta de gramática-padrão com propósitos de facilitar o processo ensino-aprendizagem vai apoiar-se no modelo atual de gramática, o que implica a seleção de uma variedade linguística dentre várias para servir de modelo de escrita, que acarreta a falta de explicação para formas mais atuais ou para formas provenientes de outros usos, ao levar em conta o estado sincrônico de uma determinada variedade linguística.
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Viglioni, Denise Pereira Rebello. "O ensino do substantivo e do adjetivo em perspectiva: proposta de aplicação a partir do gênero conto." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7012.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-06<br>O desenvolvimento deste projeto considera o ensino do português nas escolas
públicas brasileiras; o trabalho com a gramática normativa, que tem apresentado
variações de perspectivas; a atuação de docentes, divididos entre ensinar ou não
gramática, como ensinar e para que ensinar; as perspectivas de gramática
apresentadas em livros didáticos, e as orientações oficiais acerca do ensino de
Língua Portuguesa. Ao refletir sobre essas questões e problematizá-las sob o viés
da análise linguística, esta pesquisa propõe alternativas de associar o ensino de
gramática às práticas discursivas sociais. Tendo como locus investigativo turma de
sexto ano do ensino fundamental II de escola pública e a sala de aula de Língua
Portuguesa, este projeto associa o ensino de classes de palavras, especificamente o
substantivo e o adjetivo, aos gêneros textuais conto e conto parodiado com
exploração da capacidade de leitura, escuta e produção textual escrita e oral do
aluno. O principal objetivo deste projeto, de caráter intervencionista na sala de aula,
é, partindo do gênero conto e conto parodiado, explorar a função das categorias
substantivo e adjetivo na construção textual, apresentando essas classes de
palavras de forma contextualizada. Para isso, reflete-se sobre como elas atuam na
construção das sequências narrativas e descritivas no conto e conto parodiado,
considerando os critérios mórfico, semântico e funcional, e como atuam na
oralidade, através da contação de histórias, sob o aspecto pragmático. Acredita-se
que contextualizar a gramática no aprendizado da língua materna, apropriando-se
de práticas de análise linguística com ênfase na reflexão e no uso, faça sentido para
o estudante para além da escola, criando condição de participação eficiente e
consciente do indivíduo nas práticas sociais de linguagem. Para tanto, esta
dissertação fundamenta-se nas perspectivas de ensino de gramática abordadas por
Antunes (2014) e Neves (2002, 2015); de análise linguística com Franchi (1991),
Geraldi (1997, 2010, 2014), Mendonça (2006) e Bezerra e Reinaldo (2013); de
análise do ensino de classes de palavras por Pinilla (2007), Perini (2001, 2006) e
Bagno (2011); de gêneros textuais com Schneuwly & Dolz (2004); da metodologia
da pesquisa-ação com Thiollent (2006), Desroche (2006), Morin (2004) e Elliott
(1997) e de práticas de análise linguística em livros didáticos com Sigiliano & Silva
(2017). A aplicação da intervenção, com princípios da sequência didática, e os
dados de produções escritas e orais dos alunos revelaram avanços no tocante à
apropriação do gênero conto e conto parodiado e do uso das classes de palavras
substantivo e adjetivo para a construção de sequências narrativas e descritivas,
confirmando a hipótese inicial de que o ensino da gramática contextualizada e
reflexiva, percorrendo atividades linguísticas, epilinguísticas e metalinguísticas
contribua para um aprendizado que proporcione ao aluno maior habilidade em suas
práticas linguísticas escolares e não escolares.<br>The development of this project considers the teaching of Portuguese in Brazilian
public schools; the work with normative grammar, which has presented a range of
perspectives; the performance of teachers, divided on the issue of teaching grammar
or not, how to teach and what to teach; the perspectives of grammar presented in
didactic books, and the official guidelines on the teaching of Portuguese language.
By reflecting on these issues and problematizing them under the bias of linguistic
analysis, this research proposes alternatives to associate grammar teaching with
social discursive practices. Having as the investigative locus sixth grade class of
Elementary school of public school and the Portuguese language classroom, this
project associates the teaching of word classes, specifically the noun and the
adjective, to the textual genres short story and parody short story with regard to the
reading, listening, writing and speaking skills of a leaner. The main goal of this
interventionist project in the classroom is, starting from the genres tale and parody
short story, to explore the function of the categories noun and adjective in the
construction of the textual genre, presenting such word classes in a contextualized
way. In order to achieve this, it is reflected on how they act in the construction of the
narrative and descriptive sequences in the short story and the parody short story,
considering the morphic, semantic and functional criteria, as well as how they act in
orality, through storytelling, under the pragmatic aspect. It is believed that
contextualizing grammar in the learning of the mother tongue, appropriating linguistic
analysis practices with an emphasis on reflection and use, makes sense for the
student beyond the school, creating a condition of efficient and conscious
participation of the individual in the language social practices. Therefore, this
research is based on the grammar teaching perspectives addressed by Antunes
(2014) and Neves (2002, 2015); linguistic analysis by Franchi (1991), Geraldi (1997,
2010, 2014), Mendonça (2006) and Bezerra and Reinaldo (2013); analysis of word
classes teaching by Pinilla (2007), Perini (2001, 2006) and Bagno (2011); textual
genres by Schneuwly & Dolz (2004); action-research methodology by Thiollent
(2006), Desroche (2006), Morin (2004) and Elliott (1997) and also linguistic analysis
practices in textbooks by Sigiliano & Silva (2017). The application of the intervention,
with principles of the didactic sequence, as well as the data of the written and oral
production of the students revealed advances in regards to the appropriation of the
genres short story and parody short story but also the use of the word classes noun
and adjective for the construction of the narrative and descriptive sequences,
confirming the initial hypothesis that the contextualized and reflective grammar
teaching, through linguistic, epilinguistic and metalinguistic activities, may contribute
to a learning process which is able to provide the students a greater ability to their
school and non-school language practices.
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Taranto, Gina Christine. "Discourse Adjectives /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099909.
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Martin, Fabienne. "Prédicats statifs, causatifs et résultatifs en discours. Sémantique des adjectifs évaluatifs et des verbes psychologiques." Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450803.
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Cette thèse analyse les propriétés sémantiques et discursives des prédicats d'état ('laid, généreux') ainsi que des prédicats causatifs et résultatifs, et plus particulièrement des verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet ('stimuler, encourager'). Le cadre adopté est celui de la sémantique néo-davidsonienne (Parsons, 1990) et de la sémantique du discours (Kamp & Reyle 1993, Asher 1993). La première partie (chap 1-7) est consacrée aux prédicats d'état, et la seconde aux prédicats causatifs et résultatifs (chap. 8-9). Dans le chapitre 1, on expose les arguments en faveur de l'idée que les verbes d'état ont un argument implicite davidsonien comme les verbes d'action. Abordant ensuite les constructions en 'by/in' ('by/in smoking, he broke his promise'), l'auteur propose de considérer, avec Goldman et contre Davidson, que celles-ci décrivent deux événements distincts, liés par une relation de génération. L'analyse goldmanienne de ces constructions est ensuite étendue aux prédicats d'état ('in doing this, he was clever'), ce qui permet de distinguer les prédicats qui dénotent un état dépendant d'une action, comme 'clever' en usage occurrentiel, des prédicats qui dénotent un état indépendant d'une action, comme beautiful (cf. '??in doing this, he was beautiful'). Le chapitre 2 fait le point sur les spécificités des prédicats d'état par rapport aux prédicats d'activité. Y est notamment montré que certains prédicats d'état acceptent le "progressif interprétatif" ('tu es en train de croire au Père Noël!'). Ce type de progressif est distingué du progressif standard et du progressif actif anglais ('he was being clever'); sont définis également les "prédicats interprétatifs" qui n'acceptent que ce progressif. Le chapitre 3 élabore une typologie aspectuelle des prédicats d'état. Sont d'abord distingués quatre types d'états en fonction de l'intervalle pendant lequel l'état en cause est vérifié. On montre que cette quadri-partition rend mieux compte des données linguistiques que la dichotomie classique en 'stage level predicates' et 'individual level predicates'. Ensuite sont définis les "prédicats d'état pur" comme beau, qui dénotent un état indépendant de toute action, et les "prédicats d'état endo-actionnel" comme 'généreux/bruyant' en usage occurrentiel, qui dénote un état généré par une action. On présente des arguments contre l'assimilation de ces derniers prédicats à des prédicats d'action. Est alors analysée l'ambiguïté des prédicats comme "généreux" dans l'emploi occurrentiel: 'Pierre m'a donné des bonbons. Il a été généreux' peut vouloir dire soit que Pierre a été généreux de (décider de) me donner des bonbons (lecture-d), soit qu'il a été généreux dans la manière de me les donner (lecture-m). Dans la foulée, on examine la relation temporelle qui prend place entre un état s et l'action e dont il dépend. Enfin, on montre que l'analyse proposée peut rendre compte de la concurrence entre passé composé et imparfait dans les phrases dénotant un état occurrentiel. A partir de la typologie aspectuelle élaborée au chapitre 3, le chapitre 4 revisite le problème que soulèvent certains prédicats d'état dans les constructions à prédicat second descriptif ('Pierre a donné des bonbons saoul/??généreux') et propose une nouvelle solution. On montre ensuite que cette solution peut être adaptée pour résoudre un problème moins étudié, à savoir celui que posent certains prédicats d'état dans les subordonnées temporelles en 'quand '(cf. 'Il était généreux, quand il a distribué les bonbons' versus '??Il a distribué des bonbons quand il était généreux'). Enfin, on fait le point sur la difficulté qu'éprouvent les prédicats évaluatifs à entrer dans les constructions présuppositionnelles, parmi lesquelles les subordonnées temporelles, mais les GN définis ('La femme rousse/??généreuse commanda une bière'). Le chapitre 5 est consacré aux relations rhétoriques qui s'établissent entre la description d'un état et la description d'un événement, aux combinaisons possibles entre ces relations rhétoriques, et à la manière dont tel ou tel prédicat d'état, vu ses propriétés sémantiques, contribue à établir telle ou telle relation rhétorique avec la description d'événement. Le chapitre 6 revient sur le problème que soulève l'indéfini des en lecture non générique avec certains prédicats d'état, notamment les prédicats évaluatifs ('Des livres étaient sales' versus '??Des livres étaient merveilleux'). En se fondant sur les outils de la 'Decision Theoretic Semantic's (Merin 1999), l'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'un prédicat P n'accepte des que si la quantité des éléments satisfaisant P dans le contexte est non pertinente pour les fins du discours, et s'il est clair, par ailleurs, que les qualités implicites que peuvent instancier les dits éléments ne contribuent en aucune façon à expliquer qu'ils satisfont P. On montre que ces deux conditions sont respectées (resp. violées) avec les prédicats d'état compatibles (resp. incompatibles) avec des dans sa lecture non générique. Le chapitre 7 est consacré à la sémantique qu'il faut assigner aux prédicats d'état évaluatifs. On expose tout d'abord les arguments en faveur d'une sémantique "réaliste", qui analyse les prédicats évaluatifs comme des prédicats unaires dénotant de vraies propriétés. On distingue ensuite, dans le contenu informationnel des énoncés évaluatifs, un composant assertif et deux implicatures associées. On termine par l'analyse des prédicats évaluatifs superlatifs ('merveilleux'); est argumentée l'idée que ces prédicats ont un composant expressif, en ce sens que le locuteur, en les utilisant, implicite qu'une entité satisfaisant le prédicat a déclenché en lui une émotion, vécue ou rejouée lors de l'énonciation. On montre en quoi ce composant expressif contribue à expliquer pourquoi de tels prédicats sont difficilement utilisables à l'impératif ou dans certains types de questions. Le chapitre 8 répertorie trois classes parmi les verbes, dits "résultatifs", qui présupposent l'occurrence d'un événement e causant ou générant l'événement asserté e'. On présente d'abord le problème que pose la définition de cette présupposition, puis une nouvelle solution est exposée. On montre alors que la présupposition des verbes résultatifs -- achèvements droits et accomplissements strictement forts --- est de nature scalaire et peut s'expliquer par la Loi d'exhaustivité de Ducrot. Le chapitre 9 est consacré aux verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet (VPEO). Après avoir classé ces verbes en fonction de leur structure événementielle, on fait le point sur les différentes lectures qu'ils peuvent accepter. On montre ensuite qu'à la différence des VPEO acceptables dans les constructions agentives, les VPEO qui y sont peu acceptables exhibent deux propriétés cruciales. D'abord, ils présupposent toujours, à l'instar des verbes étudiés dans le chapitre 8, l'occurrence de l'événement impliquant le sujet; ensuite, certains d'entre eux sont "interprétatifs", en ce sens que l'assertion du changement d'état psychologique ne s'avère pertinente pour les fins du discours que si l'interprétant connaît, par ailleurs, l'événement qui cause ce changement. Cela permet d'expliquer pourquoi les verbes en question ne peuvent faire avancer la narration comme le ferait un prédicat d'action normal, et pourquoi ils sont peu compatibles avec les adverbes de manière orientés sur l'agent, les pseudo-clivées ou les compléments de lieu. On termine par l'analyse aspectuelle de la classe des VPEO, en montrant qu'on y trouve des membres des cinq classes aspectuelles distinguées dans le chapitre précédent.
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Rahaga, Baholisoa Simone. "Lexique-grammaire du malgache : constructions adjectivales." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070012.
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Valdez, Cristian. "Las cópulas ser y estar a la luz de enfoques lingüísticos recientes y de la investigación en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20053/document.
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Dans cette thèse, l’étude des verbes copules ser et estar est abordée de deux points de vue complémentaires. D'une part, une analyse grammaticale d'un large corpus d’occurrences orales authentiques est réalisée afin d'évaluer la pertinence de certains outils théoriques appartenant à une approche cognitive de la question. D’une autre part, à partir d’un contexte d’enseignement des langues secondes, une recherche expérimentale est menée pour examiner l’influence que le type d’approche grammaticale utilisée lors de l’enseignement peut avoir sur les résultats des apprenants. Dans les deux cas, la priorité est donnée à la validation empirique des hypothèses de travail suivant des méthodologies appartenant, dans un cas, à la linguistique et, dans un autre cas, à la didactique des langues. De cette manière, il a été possible d’identifier le champ de spécialisation de chacune des disciplines quant à la description des copules susmentionnées, ainsi que les points de convergence entre les champs d’étude concernés<br>In this thesis, the study of the Copulus verbs Ser and Estar is approached from two complementary points of view. On the one hand, a grammatical analysis of a large corpus of authentic oral occurrences is carried out in order to evaluate the relevance of certain theoretical tools belonging to a cognitive approach to the question. On the other hand, from a second language teaching context, experimental research is conducted to examine the influence that the type of grammatical approach used in teaching can have on learners' outcomes. In both cases, priority is given to the empirical validation of working hypotheses according to methodologies belonging, in one case, to linguistics and, in another case, to language didactics. In this way, it was possible to identify the field of specialization of each of the disciplines in terms of the description of the above-mentioned copulas, as well as the points of convergence between the fields of study concerned
Books on the topic "Adjective Grammar"
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Baban, Şêrko. Berew r̄êzmanî awełnaw. Wezaretî Roşinbîrî w Lawan, Berêweberayetî Komekî Keltûrî, 2014.
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Schreiber, Herbert. Deutsche Adjektive: Wortfelder für den sprachunterricht. Verlag Enzyklopädie, 1991.
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Ramaglia, Francesca. Adjectives at the syntax-semantics interface. Lincom Europa, 2011.
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Breban, Tine. English adjectives of comparison: Lexical and grammaticalized uses. Berlin, 2010.
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Kopřivová, Marie. Valence českých adjektiv. NLN, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Adjective Grammar"
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Wilcox, Alison. "Relative (adjective) clauses." In Descriptosaurus Grammar Companion Ages 9 to 12. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032662862-8.
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Wilcox, Alison. "Relative (adjective) clauses." In Descriptosaurus Grammar Companion Ages 9 to 12. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032662862-21.
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Wallwork, Adrian. "So, Too, Very, That + Adjective." In Top 50 Grammar Mistakes. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70984-0_41.
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Sullivan, Nancy M. "Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses." In Essential Grammar for Today’s Writers, Students, and Teachers. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429053672-5.
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Aarts, Flor G. A. M., and Herman Chr Wekker. "Adjectives and Adjective Phrases Adverbs and Adverb Phrases Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases." In A Contrastive Grammar of English and Dutch. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4984-8_5.
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Kim, Min-Joo. "Adjective Ordering Restrictions: The View from Korean." In The Syntax and Semantics of Noun Modifiers and the Theory of Universal Grammar. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05886-9_3.
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Miller, J. Hillis. "Glossing the Gloss of "Envois" in The Post Card." In Going Postcard. punctum books, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0171.1.02.
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The Post Card invites glossing of all sorts. It is an immensely complex and rich text, one of Derrida’s most fascinating and challenging. La carte postale is full of specific historical and personal references that will puzzle many readers. Many formu-lations and allusions are enigmatic or counter-intuitive. They need explanatory glossing. Derrida uses just about every rhe-torical device and figure of speech in the book. You name it, it is there (il y a là): puns (calembours), metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, catachresis, apostrophe, prosopopoeia, hyperbole, prolepsis, analepsis, ellipsis, paradox, aporia, and of course a constant pervasive destabilizing irony. How can you tell when this joker is telling the truth or speaking straight, if ever? “Envois,” moreover, is full of complex wordplay that is not exactly “figurative” in the usual sense. This wordplay is often not easily translatable from French to English. One tiny example: In the last entry for February 1979, Derrida writes: “La séance continue, tu analyse ça comment? Je parle grammaire, comme toujours, c’est un verbe ou un adjectif ?” (“La séance continue, how do you analyze that? I’m talking grammar, as always, is it a verb or an adjective?” [PC, 178/193]) Derrida here plays on an untranslatable ambiguity on whether “continue” in the French is verb or an adjective. In the first case, the locution would mean: “The session continues.” In the second, “The continued session.” It makes a lot of difference which way you read it, as a duck or as a rabbit, as in the famous Gestaltist diagram that oscillates un-predictably before the viewer’s eyes between those two animals. The reader (you! [singular]) will note the second person singu-lar pronoun in “tu analyse ça comment?” This is an example of the endless play on the difference between “tu” and “vous” that pervades the “Envois.”
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Ross, Claudia, Jing-Heng Sheng Ma, Pei-Chia Chen, Baozhang He, and Meng Yeh. "Adjectives and adjectival verbs." In Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003335078-11.
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Gaglia, Sascha. "Chapter 15. Hybrid agreement in polite address." In It's different with you. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tar.5.15gag.
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This chapter examines ‘hybrid agreement’ in polite address in the Romance languages. This term usually describes a two-way agreement pattern and presents a major challenge to syntactic theories due to the apparent formal mismatches that occur, for example, in French Vous êtes loyal ‘You are loyal’, where the polite address pronoun vous and the predicate êtes are both plural, while the predicative adjective loyal is singular. Similarly, Modern Italian shows a gender conflict between the female politeness pronoun lei and the predicative adjective when the addressee is male, e.g., Lei è generoso ‘You are generous’. While Pollard and Sag (1994) and Wechsler (2011) assume double feature sets for solving mismatches of this sort, I propose an analysis including single feature sets and a syntactic politeness feature in the classical version of Lexical-Functional Grammar. Synchronic as well as diachronic evidence is supplied from a contrastive perspective on French, Italian, Peninsular Spanish, and Chilean Spanish.
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Ross, Claudia, Jing-Heng Sheng Ma, Baozhang He, Pei-Chia Chen, and Meng Yeh. "Adjectives and adjectival verbs." In Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003334521-11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Adjective Grammar"
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Xabibullo o‘g‘li, Yunusov Norbek. "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIKDA SIFATLARNING TUTGAN O‘RNI, NISBIY SIFATLARNING LEKSIK-SEMANTIK XUSUSIYATLARI." In TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: BEST PRACTICES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES. ISCRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/geo-49.
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For many centuries, each language has formed its own system of means of expressing the meanings of the qualitative characteristics of objects. The core of the language system is the linguistic grammatical meaning of the unit-adjective feature with a categorical system and, accordingly, the main task of its definition. In inflectional languages, adjectives are traditionally assigned to such units, although there is still no consensus on their nature, in structural grammar they refer to nouns, and in generative grammar to feature words.
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Artamonova, Natalya Vasilievna. "DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." In IX Международная научно-практическая конференция "Инновационные аспекты развития науки и техники". KDU, Moscow, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31453/kdu.ru.978-5-7913-1190-0-2021-186-192.
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Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.
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Goldbaum, Rita de Cassia Freire de Melo, and Maria Alexsandra Barbosa da Silva Santos. "Reading comprehension with null pronouns modulated by gender with bilingual speakers of Spanish/L2 and Brazilian Portuguese/L1: A contribution to the teaching of Spanish grammar in higher education." In II Seven International Education Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/iieducationcongress-003.
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The general objective of this study is to evaluate how gender aids in reading comprehension, specifically by observing anaphoric coreference with bilingual university students of Spanish/L2 and Brazilian Portuguese/L1. The methodology consists of written stimuli, sentences divided into segments, as required by the experimental technique of offline reading. In total, 42 stimuli will be used, 16 experimental and 26 distractors followed by a comprehension question about the preference for resumption. The experimental sentences will be composed of temporal adverbial subordinate clauses and include the analysis of resumption of reading in the face of possible antecedents of the null pronoun, as well as the comparison between different types of resumption and the verification of the role of the gender feature in the adjective in the decision-making of 08 university students. The justification emphasizes the importance of understanding anaphoric coreference in bilingual contexts, especially in the Spanish language, and highlights the lack of studies in this area. The results show that gender in pronominal interpretation and the identification of strategies facilitate the understanding of bilingual speakers. It is concluded that this study can generate valuable insights for language teaching and promote advances in the understanding of linguistic processes in bilingual contexts.
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Vong, Meng. "Southeast Asia: Linguistic Perspectives." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.
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Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.
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Shulga, M. "ON THE CAUSES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE: THE EVOLUTION OF THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM OR THE EVOLUTION OF THE GRAMMATICAL FORMS?" In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4122.978-5-317-07174-5/244-252.
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Behind the history of the Slavic short, long and pronominal forms of adjectives is a radical change of the grammatical nominal system. The paper demonstrates that it is not a history of the forms but a history of the evolution of the grammatical relations: definiteness in the opposition to indefiniteness, subjectness in the opposition to attributivity, predicativity in the opposition to attributivity. The discussed problem is just a particular case of the general theoretical and methodological question of the causes of language changes: does the evolution of the system regulate the forms' evolution or do the single forms' changes result in the systems' changes.
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Shoulga, Maria. "Four Centuries of One Metalinguistic Description." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.39.
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The gender distinction between plural adjectival paradigms of обоихъ–обѣихъ is traced back to the 18th century Russian grammars: V. E. Adodurov’s, M. V. Lomonosov’s, A. A. Barsov’s. The data of the Russian Nation-al Corpus show the interchangeability of the forms of обоихъ – обѣихъin the 18th century texts. Differentiation by gender in the Russian plural paradigms was transferred rom the Church Slavonic dual paradigms of обою – обѣю. The metalinguistic construct of grammars of the 18th centuries is preserved in the normative grammars of the mod-ern Russian language, despite the fact that the gender dif-ferentiation of adjectival forms corresponds neither to the system nor to the usus
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Rizvi, S. M. Jafar, and Mutawarra Hussain. "Modeling Urdu Adjectives and Possession Marking using Head driven Phrase Structure Grammar." In 2005 Pakistan Section Multitopic Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2005.334480.
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Osborne, Timothy. "Noun Phrases Rooted by Adjectives: A Dependency Grammar Analysis of the Big Mess Construction." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-7707.
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Wijayabandara, H. M. Thisaranie. "English Speech Production of Native Sinhala Speakers with Special Reference to Interlanguage Analysis." In SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ravq8385.
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Native Sinhala speakers attempt to speak in English even prior to formal education regardless of the errors they make in speech production. This study is focused on interlanguage, the linguistic system behind the learner language of these native speakers, influenced by the first language and the target language. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of the Sinhala language on the English speech production of native speakers. A qualitative research approach was taken to initiate this research with 30 native Sinhala speakers, who informally learnt to speak English. They were asked to interpret a few simple English sentences to Sinhala. Each translated utterance was simultaneously recorded and analyzed to observe the produced patterns of the inter-language. Results indicate that the inter-language production of the speakers was visible in the structure of language and specific grammar rules about spoken English. Syntactic pattern, word order, misidentifying nouns and adjectives, omission of the ‘be verbs’, the misconception of verb tenses, and chaotic pronoun placement are included in the native language influence. The findings of this inter-language analysis concluded that the native language is a dominant factor in second language speech production. Competence in the first language is the main reason for this dominance since the speaker tries to perceive a second language most comfortably. Further, the importance of introducing Psycholinguistics in Sri Lanka is emphasized. Keywords: Inter-language; Learner language; Sinhala language; Speech production; Syntactic structure
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Filippov, Konstantin A., Liubov’ N. Grigor’eva, Mikhail V. Koryshev, Kristina V. Manerova, and Andrei K. Filippov. "REMARKS ON PHONETICS AND SPELLING OF M. LOMONOSOV’S GERMAN TEXTS." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.08.
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M. Lomonosov’s texts in German provide numerous examples of word spelling inconsistency, e. g. Freiheit/Freyheit, Dero/dero, etc. The influencing factors for this are Lomonosov’s individual style and the scientific and educational discourse of 18th century Russia. The research focuses on the alternation of g/h and g/сh. The alternation at the beginning of a morpheme (Staffengagen/Staffenhagen) can be explained by the similarity in the pronunciation of the German letters g and h in Russian educational tradition. As possible reasons for the alternation in the intervocal position after i (abziegen/abzihen) and ei (verzeigen/ Verzeigung/verzeihen), one can point at voicing of a voiceless consonant /h/ in the position between two vowels and Russian spiranta /ɤ/ functioning as a variant of the phoneme /g/. In the final position of a word, the alternation of g / ch is observed in adjectives with the suffix -lich, causing a deviation from the standard spelling in the words neulig and unmöglig. In this case, the explanation could lie in the fact that in the German language, two productive derivational suffixes -ig and -lich exist, similar in form and in semantics. Also in the German texts of Lomonosov one can find variants Petersburg/Petersburch with alternating g/сh at the end of a word. The tradition of substituting -urch for -urg in place names survives in Russian grammar textbooks for foreigners up to mid–19th century as Russian г is pronounced as /x/ at the end of some words. Refs 22.
Reports on the topic "Adjective Grammar"
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Thomas, Strobel. A contrastive approach to grammatical doubts in some contemporary Germanic languages (German, Dutch, Swedish). Goethe-Universität Frankfurt a.M., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.72278.
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Unquestionably (or: undoubtedly), every competent speaker has already come to doubt with respect to the question of which form is correct or appropriate and should be used (in the standard language) when faced with two or more almost identical competing variants of words, word forms or sentence and phrase structure (e.g. German "Pizzas/Pizzen/Pizze" 'pizzas', Dutch "de drie mooiste/mooiste drie stranden" 'the three most beautiful/most beautiful three beaches', Swedish "större än jag/mig" 'taller than I/me'). Such linguistic uncertainties or "cases of doubt" (cf. i.a. Klein 2003, 2009, 2018; Müller & Szczepaniak 2017; Schmitt, Szczepaniak & Vieregge 2019; Stark 2019 as well as the useful collections of data of Duden vol. 9, Taaladvies.net, Språkriktighetsboken etc.) systematically occur also in native speakers and they do not necessarily coincide with the difficulties of second language learners. In present-day German, most grammatical uncertainties occur in the domains of inflection (nominal plural formation, genitive singular allomorphy of strong masc./neut. nouns, inflectional variation of weak masc. nouns, strong/weak adjectival inflection and comparison forms, strong/weak verb forms, perfect auxiliary selection) and word-formation (linking elements in compounds, separability of complex verbs). As for syntax, there are often doubts in connection with case choice (pseudo-partitive constructions, prepositional case government) and agreement (especially due to coordination or appositional structures). This contribution aims to present a contrastive approach to morphological and syntactic uncertainties in contemporary Germanic languages (mostly German, Dutch, and Swedish) in order to obtain a broader and more fine-grained typology of grammatical instabilities and their causes. As will be discussed, most doubts of competent speakers - a problem also for general linguistic theory - can be attributed to processes of language change in progress, to language or variety contact, to gaps and rule conflicts in the grammar of every language or to psycholinguistic conditions of language processing. Our main concerns will be the issues of which (kinds of) common or different critical areas there are within Germanic (and, on the other hand, in which areas there are no doubts), which of the established (cross-linguistically valid) explanatory approaches apply to which phenomena and, ultimately, the question whether the new data reveals further lines of explanation for the empirically observable (standard) variation.