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Crookston, I. "Adverbs, adjectives and control." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376816.
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Ngai, Bo-wan Jonathan, and 魏寶雲. "The use of adjective patterns in Hong Kong secondary school students' writing: a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46960314.
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The main goal of this paper is to study the difficulties Hong Kong secondary school students have using adjective patterns correctly in their writing. It also aims to explore the effectiveness of teaching strategies employed to improve their use of this aspect of English and to test the hypothesis that learners who are taught the concept of linking meaning and pattern in adjectives will be better able to use adjective patterns correctly in writing.
A case study of 60 Hong Kong Form 5 students’ writing was carried out. The data come from their exam essays, pre-test, post-test, questionnaire and interviews. To assist them in improving their use of adjective patterns in writing, workshops were run for the students who were divided into a control group and an experimental group of 30 students each. The findings suggest that the students had three main difficulties using adjective patterns correctly in writing: not knowing which grammatical structure to use, blending or mixing up two adjective patterns and not knowing which preposition to use. The findings also suggest that the teaching strategies had a beneficial effect on the correct use of adjective patterns in the 60 Form 5 students’ writing. In addition, the hypothesis posed seems to be somewhat tenable.
This paper ends by summarizing the main findings and pointing out the limitations of the study like time and logistic constraints. Also, it suggests possible implications for classroom teaching and for future research such as the need for larger-scale research on other aspects like underuse of adjective patterns in Hong Kong secondary school students’ writing.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Applied English Studies<br>Master<br>Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics
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Gan, Haiying. "A Study of Adjective Use in NPs as an Indicator of Syntactic Development in Swedish L2 Learers' English." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242691.
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This is a corpus-based study on adjective use in eighty written compositions by Swedish learners of English from Grade 7 and Grade 9 in junior high school, and from Year 1 and Year 3 in senior high school. The aims of the study are to conduct an analysis of the use of attributive adjectives in noun phrases, and to investigate how attributive adjective use contributes to the syntactic complexity of noun phrases. This study proposes a hypothesis of the complexity of noun phrases in relation to different types of attributive adjectives, that is to say, an assumption that more complex types of attributive adjectives contain more compact information that requires more effort to learn and use. The investigation shows that Swedish learners of English in junior and senior high school use an overwhelming number of noun phrases without premodifiers. The findings confirm that less proficient students use more adjectives as premodifiers in noun phrases than nouns as premodifiers. The results of the examination also reveal that students from the four school levels investigated use the most common attributive adjectives frequently, which accouts for more than half of the attributive adjectives used. However, a positive trend is that the use of more complex types of adjectives, such as derivational and participial adjectives, steadily increases in number when students advance in school level. The comparision of the most common attributive adjectives in proportion to other adjectives used in the data from each grade shows that more proficient students use a richer variety of adjectives than less proficient students. Some pedagogical implications in this connection are the need to raise Swedish students’ awareness of different types of adjectives in language teaching and learning. Other pedagogical suggestions are the need to develop students’ skills in elaborating ideas and consolidating syntactic structures in their writing. Keywords: syntactic development, noun premodification, attributive adjective, Swedish learners of English
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Guiddy, Lainie M. "Weak versus strong a comparative study of gender and adjective use in Sports illustrated articles from 1970-2003 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3343.
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Wikström, Joakim. "El uso de adjetivos pre- y posnominales en el discurso coloquial de hablantes no nativos." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157880.
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El propósito de la presente monografía es investigar si un grupo de hablantes no nativos de español, todos de nivel muy avanzado, usan los adjetivos modificadores en su discurso espontáneo de una manera parecida a la nativa, y más particularmente en qué medida los colocan de manera idiomática delante o detrás del substantivo. El material usado consiste, por un lado, de entrevistas, en las cuales los participantes cuentan de sus propias vidas, y por el otro lado, de una tarea en la que comentan la acción en un videoclip de la película Tiempos Modernos (de Charlie Chaplin). Los participantes del estudio son diez suecos que residen en Chile desde hace por lo menos 5 años. La hipótesis es que, dada una constatada tendencia conservadora general en los hablantes de una segunda lengua que los llevaría a “ir por lo seguro“, los sujetos sobreusarían la opción no marcada, o sea, la posposición, en la colocación de los adjetivos. Los adjetivos están categorizados en dos grupos: uno de adjetivos cotidianos que tienden a anteponerse al sustantivo (bueno, malo, pequeño, grande, pobre, puro, nuevo, viejo, alto), y los restantes adjetivos, que por defecto aparecen en posición posnominal (p.ej. laboral, sueco, libre, desnudo, rápido, cultural, blanco, redondo, privado etc.). Los resultados no apoyan la hipótesis, en el sentido de que los participantes no nativos tienden a sobreusar la posposición. Estos participantes son comparados con un grupo de control que consiste de diez hablantes de español L1 que residen en Chile. Un aspecto que discrepa en el grupo de hablantes no nativos es el uso del adjetivo grande, para el cual los no nativos prefieren la posposición. También destaca el hecho que los participantes nativos son más propensos a usar adjetivos en general en comparación con el grupo no nativo.<br>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent a group of non-native Spanish speakers, all of whom are highly proficient users of L2 Spanish, use modifying adjectives in spontaneous discourse in a targetlike manner and, particularly, to what extent they place them idiomatically before or after the noun. The corpus used consists of interviews, in which the subjects talk about their lives, and another task in which they comment the action of a videoclip from the movie ‘Modern Times’ (by Charlie Chaplin). The subjects of the study are ten Swedes that have lived in Chile for at least 5 years. The assumption being the tendency for second language speakers to be generally conservative and choose to ‘go for what's safe’, it is hypothesized that the L2 users would overuse the unmarked option for placing adjectives, namely after the noun. The adjectives are divided into two categories: one consisting of everyday adjectives that strongly tend to be placed ahead of the noun (bueno, malo, pequeño, grande, nuevo, pobre, puro, viejo, alto) and the other of adjectives that appear in postposition by default (e.g. laboral, sueco, libre, desnudo, rápido, cultural, blanco, redondo, privado etc.). The results don’t support the hypothesis, in the sense that the non-native participants tend to overuse postposition. The L2 participants have been compared to a control group consisting of ten L1 Spanish speakers living in Chile. One aspect that differs in the non-native group is the use of grande, for which the non-native speakers, unlike the natives, prefer postposition. What also stands out is the fact that native speakers are more prone to using adjectives in general compared to the non-native group.
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Davies, W. K. "Monolingual and bilingual children's comprehension and use of quantifying adjectives." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375684.
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Alkahtani, Mansour. "Une représentation sémantico-syntaxique des adjectifs prédicatifs en arabe et en français et leur traduction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2128.
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Traditionnellement, on distingue trois parties du discours dans la langue arabe à savoir le nom, le verbe et la particule. L’adjectif est considéré comme une sous-classe de la catégorie nom. Or si on observe le fonctionnement des ces deux partie, on s’aperçoit que cette partition ne permet pas de rendre compte des caractéristiques qui les séparent. Nous avons donc proposé une nouvelle classification en considérant l’adjectif comme une catégorie à part entière. Puis, nous avons étudié ses fonctions différentes : les adjectifs restrictifs, le complément d’état et les adjectifs prédicatifs. Notre intérêt principal reste pourtant les adjectifs prédicatifs. Nous avons proposé certaines propriétés de ces adjectifs. Le deuxième point concerne la classification sémantique des adjectifs prédicatifs qui s’inscrit dans le cadre du modèle des classes d’objets, dans la lignée de la grammaire transformationnelle de Z. S. Harris. Cette méthode nous permet de construire des classes sémantiques des adjectifs prédicatifs à partir de critères syntaxiques en vue du traitement automatique<br>Traditionally, we distinguish three parts of the speech in the Arabic language: the name, the verb and the particle. The adjective is considered a subclass of the noun category. But if we observe well theses two parts, we realize that this partition does not allow to account for the characteristics the separate them. We have therefore proposed a new classification by considering the adjective as a category itself. Then we studied its different functions: restrictive adjectives, state complement and predictive adjectives. However, our main interest remains the predictive adjectives. We have proposed some properties of these adjectives. The second point concerns the semantic classification of predictive adjectives which is part of the objet class model, in line with Z. S. Harris’s transformational grammar. This method allows us to construct semantic classes of predictive adjectives based on syntactic criteria for automatic processing
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Morelius, Alexandra. "The Use of Adjectives in Contemporary Fashion Magazines : A Gender Based Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26190.
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This essay investigates how adjectives are used in fashion magazines in order to determine if the use differs regarding the targeted gender of the magazines, regarding the gender of the author of the article and regarding the gender of the person featured in the article. The aim is to determine if different types of adjectives are used, and if the frequency of the use of adjectives differs. A close reading of the articles was the method for identifying the adjectives, and the adjectives were classified as positive or negative in the context. In addition, all color terms and adjectives directly describing the person featured were identified separately. The results show that there are differences in terms of frequency. Women tend to use more adjectives than men. However, there are more adjectives included in magazines that target men and magazines featuring men. Men and women use different types of adjectives as well; positive adjectives are frequently used by women and negative by men. However, more negative adjectives are included in magazines targeting women whilst positive adjective are more frequently used in magazines targeting men. Regarding color adjectives, no clear differences are found. Adjectives describing the person featured differ regarding the gender of the author. Women are more frequent users. In addition, more adjectives are used to describe women than men. Women uses the types of adjectives describing the person featured more frequently. Adjectives describing personality are more common. Lastly, some differences between genders and adjectives that are viewed as restricted to women and men can been identified. It is possible to conclude that fashion magazines sustain gender roles in their representations.
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Vikström, Niclas. "Tudor and Stuart England and the Significance of Adjectives : A Corpus Analysis of Adjectival Modification, Gender Perspectives and Mutual Information Regarding Titles of Social Rank Used in Tudor and Stuart England." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118027.
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The aim of the present study has been to investigate how titles of social rank used in Tudor and Stuart England are modified by attributive adjectives in pre-adjacent position and the implications that become possible to observe. Using the Corpus of Early English Correspondence Sampler (CEECS) the present work set out to examine adjectival modification, gender perspectives and MI (Mutual Information) scores in order to gain a deeper understanding of how and why titles were modified in certain ways. The titles under scrutiny are Lord, Lady, Sir, Dame, Madam, Master and Mistress and these have been analysed following theories and frameworks pertaining to the scientific discipline of sociohistorical linguistics. The findings of the present study suggest that male titles were modified more frequently than, and differently from, female titles. The adjectives used as pre-modifiers, in turn, stem from different semantic domains which reveals differences in attitudes from the language producers towards the referents and in what traits are described regarding the holders of the titles. Additionally, a type/token ratio investigation reveals that the language producers were keener on using a more varied vocabulary when modifying female titles and less so when modifying male titles. The male terms proved to be used more formulaically than the female terms, as well. Lastly, an analysis of MI scores concludes that the most frequent collocations are not necessarily the most relevant ones. A discussion regarding similarities and differences to other studies is carried out, as well, which, further, is accompanied by suggestions for future research.
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Barrier, Nicolas. "Une méta-grammaire des adjectifs du français : une application aux TAG." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070038.
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Les métagrammaires ont montré qu'il était possible de réduire le temps consacré au développement d'une grammaire d'arbres adjoints en tirant partie d'une factorisation de l'information syntaxique, fondée sur l'utilisation d'un réseau d'héritage multiple. Intuitivement, il s'agit de combiner automatiquement plusieurs fragments arborescents pour obtenir par composition un ou plusieurs arbres élémentaires répartis en familles. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer l'encodage des constructions adjectivales du français pour les TAG à travers les métagrammaires. Après les grammaires du verbe et du nom développées respectivement par [Candito, 1999] et [Barrier, 2006], il s'agit pour l'essentiel de proposer un système minimal d'analyse qui permette de rendre compte des constructions adjectivales du français pour une grammaire à large couverture comme FTAG [Abeille, 1991, 2002]. Ce faisant, ce travail doit nous permettre également de mettre à l'épreuve le concept initial des métagrammaires sur des données dont on sait qu'elles ne coïncident pas en syntaxe et en sémantique. Dans cette thèse, nous rappelons les enjeux théoriques et les problèmes qui sont souvent liés à l'utilisation des métagrammaires, pour finalement présenter les solutions que nous y avons apportées. Nous commençons donc par revoir en profondeur l'organisation générale d'un compilateur de métagrammaire, pour nous attacher ensuite à la présentation des extensions que nous avons proposées<br>Metagrammars have helped reduce the development time of a tree adjoining grammar by taking advantage of a factorization of syntactic information, based on the use of a multiple inheritance network. Intuitively, the idea is to automatically combine multiple tree sketches in order to define elementary trees designing TAG families. The work we describe in our thesis is intended to enrich the wide coverage Tree Adjoining Grammar developed for the French language [Abeille, 1991, 2002]. So far, MGs have been used to develop grammars for main verbs [Candito, 1999] or predicative nouns [Barrier, 2006]. It was relevant to show the adequacy of MGs for phenomenes whose features are more complex than the verbal System proper. In this thesis, we recall the theoretical issues and problems that often come with the use of metagrammars. We then present the solutions we've sketched. We therefore begin by deeply reviewing the general organization of a metagrammar compiler, and then present the extensions we have proposed
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Hagström, Elin. "Emotion Adjectives : A corpus study of the use of terrified, petrified and horrified in British and American English." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5317.
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<p>For many non-native speakers of English it can be difficult to distinguish semantic differences between near-synonyms. In order to create idiomatically correct sentences in a language it is important to know which word to use in a specific context. This study deals with the emotion adjectives <em>terrified, petrified </em>and <em>horrified, </em>which all refer to an emotion of fear of something that can or will happen. The present research aims at exploring the meanings of these adjectives, in American English and British English, and to discover which words these adjectives tend to collocate with. To obtain data a British Corpus and an American corpus were used with fiction and newspaper as subcorpora. A quantitative method was used where the frequencies of <em>terrified, petrified</em> and <em>horrified</em> were counted. Secondly, the most frequent left- and right-hand collocates were studied. Due to the variety of collocations found, it was discovered that the meanings between the adjectives differ somewhat. The literal meaning of <em>petrified</em> is to be hard as a stone while the non-literal meaning is to be extremely afraid. The literal meanings of <em>terrified</em> and <em>horrified </em>are to be very afraid, but unlike <em>terrified,</em> <em>horrified</em> also seems to refer to being shocked. It can be stated that in accordance with how vague the adjective is in its meaning the more frequently it is used, i.e. <em>terrified</em> is the most frequent adjective in all subcorpora and in both varieties of English most frequently used while <em>petrified</em> is least frequently used.</p>
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Winlo, Micheline. "Une étude sémantique et morphosyntaxique des adjectifs dérivés de noms propres." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20712.pdf.
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Flodin, Madeleine. "Writing in School : A study of how students in upper secondary school use adjectives and adverbs in school writing." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23659.
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The purpose of this study was to see how often, and to what extent, students in upper secondary school use adjectives and adverbs in their school writing. Additionally, a comparison was made between girls and boys. 40 texts were used in total, and 20 of them were written by girls and 20 written by boys. I counted the adjectives and adverbs in the texts and took notes of what kind of adjectives and adverbs were used as well as how often each of them were used. In this study, I found that girls outperform boys in both total number, of both adjectives and adverbs, as well as in variety. Furthermore, I found that students use far more adjectives than they do adverbs in their school writing.
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NGORAN, LEA. "La polysemie des adjectifs non derives en francais : vers une resolution des ambivalences." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040295.
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Le but de cette these est de determiner, dans le contexte linguistique des adjectifs non derives, les indices susceptibl es qui permettent de selectionner le sens vise par le locuteur. Elle comprend donc une presentation des adjectifs non derives dans l'optique de la reconnaissance de toutes les structures pouvant intervenir dans la levee des ambivalences. Puis, elle aborde le probleme de la polysemie a travers l'analyse des facteurs de changement semantique, en general, et de ceux des adjectifs non derives en particulier. Le troisieme et le quatrieme chapitre sont axes sur son fonctionnem ent : le premier est une analyse critique des criteres de polysemie et le second, un essai sur la hierarchisation des sememes. Enfin, les deux derniers chapitres sont consacres a la resolution des ambivalences<br>This thesis aims at determining winthin the linguistic context of non derivative adjectives, signs which help to identif y the though of the speaker. It's composed of an introduction of non-derivative adjectives within the framework of recognising all the structures which are likely to be employed to elucidate the ambivalences. Furthermore, it deals with the problem of polysemy through the analysis of the factors of semantic changes in general and of non-derived in partic ular. The third and fourth chapters deal with its fonction : the first chapter is a critical analysis of the polysemy criteria while the second chapter using the latter criteria attemps to classify the various meanings of the same nonderivative adjective. Finally, the last two chapters are devoted to the resolution of the ambivalences
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Chen, Weijie. "How Female Characters Are Portrayed : An investigation of the use of adjectives and nouns in the fictional novel Pride and Prejudice." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7942.
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Mazaleyrat, Hélène. "Vers une approche linguistico-cognitive de la polysémie : Représentation de la signification et construction du sens." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545777.
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Tout d'abord perçue comme un phénomène marginal, presque un accident en langue, on considère aujourd'hui que la polysémie fait partie intégrante des systèmes linguistiques. De nombreuses théories se sont intéressées au phénomène des unités à sens multiples et reliés. La première partie de notre travail en dresse un panorama non exhaustif mais révélateur, montrant comment et pourquoi la polysémie s'est peu à peu imposée comme un phénomène incontournable qui doit nécessairement être au cœur de tout modèle de la signification. Aussi, à partir de la distinction établie par G. Kleiber (1999), nous considérons deux grands courants selon le rapport établi entre signification, référence et polysémie. Le premier décrit la polysémie en termes de sens premier référentiel dont sont dérivés des sens secondaires (courant objectiviste). Le second l'analyse en termes de potentiel sémantique aréférentiel à partir duquel est obtenu l'ensemble des sens du polysème par spécialisation ou enrichissement contextuel(le) (courant constructiviste). Notre réflexion porte ensuite sur la représentation de la signification des polysèmes - principalement des noms - en grammaire cognitive (R.W. Langacker). Nous postulons que toute expression est associée, dans l'appareil cognitif des locuteurs-auditeurs, à une structure conceptuelle d'informations représentant sa signification. Nous proposons une modélisation en réseau structuré autour de valeurs sémantiques plus ou moins schématiques et de sens élaborés. Ainsi, c'est la valeur la plus schématique qui permet de faire le lien en langue entre ses élaborations que sont les sens observables en discours. Sur la base des travaux de D. Tuggy (1993), nous déclinons les représentations de la signification des mots à sens multiples le long d'un continuum homonymie-polysémie-multifacialité-indétermination, selon les degrés d'enracinement, de saillance, et les possibilités d'accessibilité et d'activation des différents composants (valeur schématique et élaborations sémantiques). Et, nous mettons ainsi en avant certaines des régularités organisatrices propres aux représentations sémanticoconceptuelles des polysèmes nominaux, ainsi qu'une typologie des sens polysémiques. Nous abordons enfin la construction du sens en grammaire cognitive, notamment l'influence du contexte dans l'interprétation d'expressions complexes comportant un polysème. Ainsi, nous considérons qu'il s'agit d'un processus non modulaire, compositionnel et dynamique. L'analyse de syntagmes nominaux du type Adj-N et N-Adj révèle en outre certaines régularités dans l'activation des sens polysémiques des unités linguistiques mises en jeu, liées au cotexte (place et fonction de l'adjectif par rapport au substantif recteur) et au contexte extralinguistique
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Mattsson, Lisa. "Music for Travel : A translation study focusing on cultural aspects and the use of adjectives in a text about music and tourism." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12597.
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This study deals with the translation from English into Swedish of a text about music and tourism. The special areas of interest were, on the one hand, how to translate references to cultural phenomena and, on the other hand, adjectives of graphic character. The source text is Music and Tourism: on the Road Again by Chris Gibson and John Connell from which all but a few pages from the introductory chapter were translated. The reader of the text would be a person interested in music, tourism and the history of the niche music tourism. With tourism and music come different cultural references, which can pose a problem for a translator. In turn, the cultural references are often phrased in a graphic language in the text, consisting mainly in specific adjectives that need to be as graphic in the target text. To solve the problem of translating a text like this, theories on translation, such as those presented by Vinay & Darbelnet (1995), Nida (2001), Newmark (1988) and Ingo (2007) were consulted. The procedures by Vinay and Darbelnet in particular were proven to be beneficial while translating. When dealing with the references to cultural aspects, Vinay and Darbelnet‟s procedure borrowing in combination with Ingo‟s addition were the ones most useful to the translation. In terms of translating the adjectives, Vinay and Darbelnet‟s transposition was mostly used.
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Reinberger, Marie-Laure. "Modélisation pour une construction dynamique de la signification : le cas des expressions adjectif-nom." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20012.
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Ce travail a pour but de simuler la compréhension d'expressions de la langue par le locuteur-auditeur. Cette simulation se situe dans un courant qui privilégie l'accès à l'ensemble de l'information cognitive et une construction du sens au fur et à mesure de la prise en compte de l'énoncé. Nous fournissons en entrée des expressions. Le système dispose d'une base de connaissances qui contient les représentations conceptuelles des unités composant ces expressions, et la sortie se présente sous la forme d'une structure de représentation de l'énoncé entré. L'obtention de ce résultat requiert différentes modélisations : tout d'abord celle de structures de représentation des lexèmes qui traduisent leur richesse informationnelle et l'organise au moyen de filtres. Ensuite, nous devons imaginer un système d'interaction pour la compréhension dynamique et l'élaboration d'une structure complexe à partir de la signification de ces lexèmes. Le coeur du projet est ce système d'interaction entre les éléments de l'expression complexe. Il privilégie le principe de compositionnalité entre les unités et les processus de construction : les parties s'influencent entre elles, les parties influencent le tout et le tout influence les parties. Le processus de compréhension est dynamique dans la mesure où il évolue au cours de la construction de la signification de l'expression, cette évolution étant permise du fait de l'interaction constante entre les mots. Ce travail se focalisera plus particulièrement sur les associations nom-modifieur de nom, mais avec l'ambition d'atteindre à une formalisation suffisamment générale pour qu'elle permette ensuite un élargissement aux autres éléments syntaxiques et aux interactions qui se produisent entre eux. Parmi la multitude d'énoncés possibles, nous nous attacherons à choisir plus particulièrement des unités polysémiques, et des énoncés permettant la prise en compte des différentes facettes des unités impliquées
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Russell, Victoria. "The effects of processing instruction, structured input, and visual input enhancement on the acquisition of the subjunctive in adjectival clauses by intermediate-level distance learners of Spanish." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003189.
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Ceesay, Jenny. "Gender in Textbooks Used for English as a Second Language in Sweden : the Role of Adjectives Describing Men and Women." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24181.
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This essay investigates gender in two textbooks used for teaching English as a second language in schools in Sweden. Previous research has shown that teachers of English as a second language in Sweden rely a great deal on textbooks in their teaching (Skolverket 2006). In addition, the Curriculum for the compulsory school, preschool class and the recreation centre (Skolverket 2011) clearly states that gender should be addressed by all teachers, of all subjects, in Sweden. In order to investigate gender in the textbooks, a stylistic point of view has been used, and adjectives describing nouns and pronouns denoting people in the textbooks have been used as data for the essay. Both a quantitative and qualitative method have been applied, as both the frequency of adjectives have been analysed, together with an analysis of the semantic domains of the adjectives focusing on their meaning put into context and looking at the adjective as it appears in the sentence. In order to access relevant data, 113 nouns and pronouns denoting people and 125 adjectives describing the nouns and pronouns were extracted as data. The analysis of the data revealed that the frequency of adjectives was spread equally between the genders. However, more nuns and pronouns in connection to adjectives referred to the male gender. Looking at the sematic domains of adjectives, this revealed a similarity between the genders in regards to which categories the adjectives could be placed in. However, the words within the categories showed differences which have been connected to gender-stereotypes.
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Triantafillou, Hariklia. "Investigating Professional Film Critics’ Stance towards Commercial and Art House Cinema: : A Corpus-Based Comparative Study on the Use of Evaluative Axiological Adjectives and Engagement Devices in Professional Film Reviews of Two Film Types." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37765.
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Evaluative stances are common in narrative and realized at all levels of linguistic structure. In film reviews, evaluation has been recognized as one of the most important stages alongside description (Taboada, 2011). Following Martin & White’s Appraisal Theory of Evaluation, the present comparative study focuses on two sub-systems of Appraisal, namely Appreciation and Engagement. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: a) to compare the way in which film critics use evaluative, axiological adjectives to evaluate two different film types and b) to study how professional film critics use of two types of engagement devices, namely epistemic and opinion devices, to position their own claims towards other potential viewpoints. The study is also influenced by two previous claims: Holbrook’s claim that, in contrast to consumers who seem to prefer American-made, commercial films, expert critics usually appreciate complex cinematography and culturally diverse films; and Carretero’s claim that in professional film reviews opinion devices are an almost absent feature, since these tend to be replaced by epistemic devices. To further explore these claims, this comparative, corpus- based study focuses on the frequency of evaluation adjectives and engagement devices used by expert film critics for the positive or negative evaluation of two different films: the 2020 box office hit “Bad Boys for Life” and the 2018 art film “Cold War”. The study used a mixed-method design, first subjecting the realizations of Appreciation and Engagement to a quantitative analysis and following this with a qualitative discussion of results. The results indicate: a) that in the case of both films positive evaluations clearly surpass negative evaluations; however, individual examples seem to express a mildly deprecatory attitude towards commercial cinematography and b) that although the number of epistemic devices in the reviews clearly surpasses that of opinion devices, the frequencies of opinion devices is greater than that observed by Carretero.
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Ånmark, Joakim. "Descriptions of Gender in Swedish EFL-textbooks : A Linguistic Study on Adjectives, Adverbs and Social Roles Used to Describe Women and Men in Two EFL Textbooks." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29789.
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In light of recent surveys on gender equality and English proficiency in Sweden, this study examines the adjectives and adverbs which describe the women and men in two EFL-textbooks for English 6 in the upper secondary school, namely Blueprint: Version 2.0 B and WWE: World Wide English. Textbooks are often integral for language learning, and considering that students of Swedish upper secondary school are required to take English 6, the exposure of EFL-textbooks are significant. Thus, it becomes relevant to analyse how the language of EFL-textbooks depicts women and men. The actions, social roles and occupations of the female and male characters are analysed to find any discrepancies in how women and men are portrayed and whether these agree with the guidelines of the Swedish National Agency for Education. These guidelines require teaching to be carried out with consideration to fundamental democratic rights and should strive to promote equality between groups. In addition, the study builds upon previous research within the field of linguistics as well as social sciences carried out by Fairclough, Foucault, Lucy, Butler and others which concerns discourse, linguistic relativism, gender theory etc. The hypothesis of this study is that there is still a discrepancy in how women and men are depicted in EFL-textbooks. By employing a mixed method approach which includes quantitative data and statistics and qualitative discourse analysis which highlights indications of unequal description of gender, it can be concluded that women and men are described differently, and often in terms of dichotomies, with adjectives, adverbs and the social roles that they are assigned. These descriptions may consequently result in that students that use these textbooks as part of their learning process may adopt these values. Thus, some descriptions violates the goals and guidelines for gender equality, prescribed by the Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket).
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Magnusson, Susanne. "Une analyse contrastive de l’adjectif dans la traduction suédoise de L’Amant de Marguerite Duras." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35883.
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Notre étude se propose d’analyser les changements dans les adjectifs qui surviennent dans la traduction suédoise de l'oeuvre L'Amant de Duras (1984). Le français est un langage analytique où de nombreuses constructions analytiques peuvent être découvertes. La langue suédoise a à la fois des caractéristiques analytiques et synthétiques et, comme les deux langues ont des structures différentes, il faut employer des stratégies et des méthodes pour obtenir une équivalence aussi exacte que possible dans une traduction. L'étude aborde les regroupements de composantes de sens (selon Ingo), des cas sémantiques spéciaux tels que l'action explicite et implicite, la transposition, où un changement de classe de mot a lieu mais le sens demeure, ainsi que les ajouts et omissions sémantiques. L'analyse de la traduction des adjectifs de L'Amant montre qu'il y a un usage fréquent des transpositions et des regroupements synthétiques et analytiques. Elle montre également que les lexèmes suédois ont généralement une grande complexité sémantique où les adjectifs avec le suffixe -ig se distinguent comme un groupe. Les lexèmes français en comparaison sont plus généraux et dépendent d'autres lexèmes pour exprimer une signification exacte. Le cadre théorique est basé sur les recherches de Tegelberg, qui sont présentées dans son livre Kontrastiv lexikologi i praktiken (2000) et d’Ingo, dans les deux livres Från källspråk till målspråk (1991) et Konsten att översätta (2011).<br>Our study aims to analyze the changes in adjectives that occur in the Swedish translation of L’Amant (the Lover) of Duras (1984). French is an analytical language where many analytical constructs can be discovered. Elisabeth Tegelberg (2000) states that French lexemes (in this study concerning adjectives) generally have a lower semantic complexity than Swedish lexemes (Tegelberg, 2000 : 13). The Swedish language has both analytical and synthetic characteristics, and since the two languages have different structures, strategies and methods are needed to achieve as exact an equivalence as possible in a translation. The study addresses the regroupings of components of meaning (Ingo, 1991 : 186-187), special semantic cases such as explicit and implicit action, transposition where a change of word class takes place but the meaning remains, and semantic additions and omissions. The examination of the translation of the text of Duras’ L'Amant shows that there is a frequent use of transpositions as well as synthetic and analytical regroupings. It also shows that Swedish lexemes generally have a great semantic complexity where the adjective group with the suffix -ig stands out as a group. French lexemes in comparison are more general and depend on other lexemes to express an exact meaning. The theoretical framework is based on the research of Tegelberg, which is presented in her book Kontrastiv lexikologi i praktiken (2000) and by Ingo, in the two books Från källspråk till målspråk (1991) and Konsten att översätta (2011).
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Kačinauskaitė, Ramunė. "Būdvardžių darybiniai sinonimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090827_104209-00866.
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Būdvardžių darybiniais sinonimais laikytini iš to paties pamatinio žodžio su skirtingais darybos formantais sudaryti dariniai, kuriems būdinga ta pati darybinė reikšmė ir tapati arba artima leksinė reikšmė. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti būdvardžių darybinių sinonimų vartoseną. Medžiagos šaltiniu šiai analizei buvo pasirinktas Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Iš viso išrinkti 1556 būdvardžių dariniai, sudarytos 724 darybinių sinonimų eilės. Daugiausia priesagų vedinių – jų net 1251, t. y. 80,4% visų būdvardžių darinių. Daugiausia darybinių sinonimų eilių, kuriose sinonimiškai santykiauja du dariniai, tokių eilių – 642, t. y. net 88,7% visų darybinių sinonimų eilių. Sinoniminiai santykiai gali susiklostyti tarp 53 priesagų, 3 galūnių ir 3 priešdėlių vedinių. Iš viso buvo sudarytos 99 afiksų kombinacijos. Darbe išsamiau nagrinėtos tos darybinių sinonimų eilės, į kurias įeina dominuojančių priesagų -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, priešdėlio apy- ir galūnės -us vediniai. Priesagų -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, priešdėlio apy- ir galūnės -us vediniai dažnai įeina į darybinių sinonimų eiles, kuriose jie darybiškai santykiauja su kitų, t. y. retesnių, tarminių darybos afiksų bendrašakniais vediniais ir sudaro pavienes darybinių sinonimų eiles. Pavienėms eilėms būdingas kombinacijų įvairumas, sinonimiškų darinių eilėje gausumas, t. y. eilių ilgumas, ir vartosenos subtilumai. Detalesnė būdvardžių darybinių sinonimų vartosena grindžiama Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Derivative synonyms of adjectives are derivatives formed from the same underlying word with different derivative formatives and having the same derivative meaning and identical or very similar lexical meaning. The main aim of this paper is to analize the use of derivative synonyms of adjectives. The Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian has been chosen as a source material for this analysis. 1556 derivatives of adjectives have been selected and 724 rows of derivative synonyms have been formed. Derivatives of suffixes comprise the largest group (in total 1251, i. e. 80.4 % of all derivative adjectives). There are 642 rows of derivative synonyms, i. e. 88.7 % of all rows of derivative synonyms, where two derivatives correlate synonymously. Synonymous correlation can be developed among 53 suffixes, 3 endings and 3 derivatives of prefixes. In total 99 combinations of affixes have been formed. The rows of derivative synonyms which include derivatives with predominant suffixes -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, prefix apy- and ending -us have been more deeply analysed in this paper. The derivatives of suffixes -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, prefix apy- and ending -us often comprise those rows that derivatively correlate with other, i. e. more rare, conjugate derivatives of the afixes of dialectal derivation and compose single rows of derivative synonyms. Diversity of combinations, richness of synonymous derivatives in the row, i.e. length of rows and subtlety of the use, is typical to... [to full text]
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Oliveira, Dourado Lopes Antonio Orlando De. "L'effectivité improbable : une étude de l’adverbe ρεία, de l’adjectif χαλεπός et des termes qui en dérivent dans les poèmes homériques". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/OLIVEIRA_DOURADO_LOPES_Antonio_Orlando_De_2008.pdf.
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La forme neutre de l’adjectif khalepós, l’adverbe khalepôs, l’adjectif rheídios et les adverbes rheîa / rhéa / rheidíos caractérisent l’action divine et l’action héroïque, dans la mesure où celle-ci peut souffrir l’intervention négative ou positive de celle-là. Nous soutenons que ces termes traduisent le rapport téléologique entre la parole et l’action. Au contraire des traductions habituelles par ‘facile’, ‘difficile’, ‘facilement’, ‘difficilement’ etc. , qui renvoient à l’effort et à l’absence d’effort, nous interprétons ces termes selon l’engagement créé entre la parole et l’action: l'action est souvent précédé par un engagement préalable, par lequel le dieu ou le héros annonce ce qu’il va accomplir. Le héros homérique n'est pas concerné prioritairement par ce qui demande plus ou moins d'effort, mais, d'une part, par ce qui peut ou ne peut pas arriver effectivement et, d'autre part, par ce ce qui trahit son expectative<br>The neuter form of the adjective khalepos, the adverb khalepôs, the adjective rheídios and the adverbs rheîa / rhéa / rheidíos characterize the divine action and the heroic one, insofar the last one can suffer the negative influence of the former. We propose in this study that those terms indicate the teleological connection between word and action. Instead of the usual translations 'easy', 'difficult', 'easily', 'with difficulty', etc. , which express effort or lack of effort, we interpret those terms according to the connection between word and action: the god and the hero undertake to do something when they announce what they will accomplish. The homeric hero is not mainly concerned by what demands more or less effort, but, on the one hand, by what can or cannot effectively happen and, on the other hand, by what betrays their expectations. According to this perspective, we translate the adverb rheîa / rhéa / rheidíos by 'effectively'; the adjective rheidíos, by 'favourable' / 'effective'; the adjective khalepos, by 'treacherous'; the neuter khalepos and the adverb khalepôs, which express an 'impossible according to the circumstances', by 'improbable' and by the periphrasis 'it is improbable that'. After the main arguments presented in the first two chapters, chapiter 3 examines two particularly controversial passages: the two occurrences of khalepos qualifiyeng the proofs of Heracles (Odyssée, XI, 622 et 624) and the one qualifying divine manifestation (Iliad, XX, 131)
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Ballion, Tatiana. "Physiological Reactions to Uncanny Stimuli: Substantiation of Self-Assessment and Individual Perception." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5111.
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There is abundant anecdotal evidence substantiating Mori's initial observation of the "uncanny valley", a point at which human response to non-human entities drops sharply with respect to comfort (Mori, 1970), and the construct itself has a long-standing history in both Robotics and Psychology. Currently, many fields such as design, training, entertainment, and education make use of heuristic approaches to accommodate the anticipated needs of the user/consumer/audience in certain important aspects. This is due to the lack of empirical substantiation or, in some cases, the impossibility of rigorous quantification; one such area is with respect to the user's experience of uncanniness, a feeling of "eeriness" or "wrongness" when interacting with artefacts or environments. Uncanniness, however, continues to be defined and measured in a largely subjective way, and often after the fact; an experience or product's uncanny features are pointed out after the item has been markedly avoided or complained about by the general public. These studies are among the first seeking to determine a constellation of personality traits and physiological responses that incline the user to have a more frequent or profound “uncanny" reaction when presented with stimuli meeting the criteria for a level of "eeriness". In study 1, 395 adults were asked to categorize 200 images as uncanny, neutral, pleasant, or other. In Study 2, physiological and eye-tracking data was collected from twenty two adults as they viewed uncanny, neutral and pleasant images culled from study 1. This research identifies components of the uncanny valley related to subjective assessment, personality factors (using the HEXACO and Anthropomorphic Tendencies Scale), and biophysical measures, and found that traits unique to Emotionality on the HEXACO inventory, compounded with a form of anthropomorphism demonstrates a level of relationship to the subjective experience of uncanny stimuli. There is evidence that HEXACO type and forms of anthropomorphic perception mediates the biophysical expression and the subjective perception of the stimuli. In keeping with psychological hypotheses, stimuli to which the participants had greatest response centered on death, the threat of death, or mismatched/absent facial features.<br>ID: 031001349; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 19, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-217).<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Psychology; Human Factors Psychology
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賴佳嬅. "On the Predicative Use of Taiwanese U-V Adjectives." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01203001958637516501.
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Wang, Chien-Yao, and 王建堯. "Applying User Profile to Explore the Importance of Adjectives’ Position in Review Classification." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22959259881710539552.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>97<br>With the rapid developing of Web 2.0, more and more blogs and forums appear, and more and more people post reviews on the Web. The online review is becoming a useful and important information resource for people.
However, the number of reviews can be in hundreds. These reviews must be processed so that user may read them easily, e.g. classifying them automatically into two polarities (positive and negative), or doing opinion mining.
Adjective is an important factor in review classification and opinion mining. The adjectives in a review can usually show the orientation of the review, either positive or negative. Therefore, the semantic orientation of adjectives and the term frequency of adjectives are the basis of review classification in such researches.
In order to increase the performance of the review classification, this research has aimed to expand the useful attribute of adjectives. Some researches of Information Retrieval show that the words in different paragraphs have different meaning to the document, so this research considers whether the adjectives in different paragraphs have different meaning to the review. To examine this adjective characteristic, this research has applied user profiles to under manage the position of the adjective to uncover its influence on the accuracy of review classification. The experimental results show that the position of adjectives in reviews is an effective factor on review classification.