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Djohar, Abdou. "Approche contrastive franco-comorienne : les séquences figées à caractère adjectival." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131038/document.
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Tout comme en français, il existe en comorien un nombre important de séquences adjectivales qui s’utilisent uniquement à l’oral. Ces adjectifs à forme complexe n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’études dans le milieu linguistique comorien. Ils sont remarquables du sous-type Prép N : harimwa ra narenga et A hama N : mudu hama izinga. Ils expriment un état et sont pronominalisables. Ils sont susceptibles d’être analysés comme des adjectifs prédicatifs par le fait qu’ils ont la même propriété syntaxique que les adjectifs simples : ils sont compatibles avec la position épithète aussi bien que la position attribut.L’analyse morphosyntaxique et l’analyse syntactico-sémantique de ces adjectifs complexes en emploi prédicatif permettent de comprendre que leur caractère figé répond aux deux conditions du figement : ils sont polylexicaux et sont dotés d’un certain degré de figement, la deuxième condition peut être mise en évidence du fait que, dans ra narenga, on ne peut pas substituer narenga par un autre élément. Ali nge harimwa ra narenga, *Ali nge harimwa ra nauvura.Dans cette étude contrastive franco-comorienne, nous avons procédé à un recensement exhaustif des locutions adjectivales du comorien et établi une typologie de ces prédicats adjectivaux en utilisant les mêmes principes que pour le françaisAs in French, there are a significant number Comorian of fixed adjectival sequences that the use only oral. Adjectival these sequences have never been studied. They are remarkable subtype Prep N, Adj as Det N (the angels, thick as a brick…). These predicative adjectives to express a complex shape condition and the pronominalisables. They may be analyzed as predicative adjectives in that they have the same syntax as simple adjectives property they are compatible as well as the epithet that the attribute position. The morpho-syntactic analysis and semantic analysis of the adjectival sequences allow us to understand their fixed character meets two conditions congealing: polylexicaux and they have a certain degree of fossilization, the second condition can be demonstrated the fact that you can not replace a word with another word. In our study contrastive Franco-Comorian, we conducted an exhaustive survey of adjectival phrases from Comoros and established a typology of adjectival predicates using the same principles as for the French
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Mutheiwana, Humbulani Doris. "The adjective in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51935.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the adjective constructions in Tshiven~a are investigated within a set of criteria in order to characterize the adjectival category and to differentiate it from other categories. An adjective can be defined as a word which modifies a noun that prototypically denotes visible or tangible objects. Different linguists give different accounts which deal with criteria for adjectives where they give attention to prototype and certain multiple criteria. Dixon establishes seven different semantic types under which the adjectives can be grouped, e.g. one of them is dimension. It has been established by Schachter that there are languages that have no adjectives at all, in which the meanings that they express are conveyed by nouns or verbs. In other words what is universal is not adjectives but to modify, or elaborate on the meaning of a noun. Morphological adjectives are marked by a noun class prefix on the adjectival stem. The prefix agrees in class with the noun to which it refers. Morphological adjective can appear attributively and predicatively. When adjectives are used attributively in Tshivenda they usually appear as " complements of a noun. But when they are used predicatively, they occur in copulative constructions. Syntactic evidence relates to the fact that different categories of words have different distributions. Adjective can not be identified by looking at it in isolation, because the form of a word does not necessarily indicate its syntactic function. Descriptive possessives as semantic adjectives describe the noun they refer to in a way that is different to that of possessives. The descriptive part can be shown as the head of the noun and can also be shown as a complement of possessive [-a-] where they indicate location, time, event and gender.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word die adjektief konstruksie in Tshivenda ondersoek binne die raamwerk van 'n stel kriteria met die doelom 'n karakterisering te gee van die adjektief kategorie en om dit te onderskei van ander kategorieë. 'n Adjektief kan gedefinieer word as 'n woord wat 'n naamwoord bepaal wat prototipies verwys na konkrete voorwerpe. Linguiste gee verskillende aannames wat handeloor kriteria vir adjektiewe waarin hulle aandag gee aan prototipe en sekere meervoudige kriteria. Dixon het sewe verskillende semantiese tipes bepaal waaronder adjektiewe gegroepeer kan word bv. een daarvan is dimensie. Daar is vasgestel deur Schachter dat daar tale is wat geen adjektiewe het nie waarin die betekenisse wat hulle uitdruk gedra word deur naamwoorde of werkwoorde. Wat dus universeel is, is nie adjektiewe nie maar om die betekenis van 'n woord te modifieer. Morfologiese adjektiewe is gemerk deur 'n naamwoord klasprefiks op die adjektiefstam. Die prefiks kom ooreen in klas met die naamwoord waarna dit verwys. Morfologiese adjektiewe kan attributief en predikatief voorkom. Wanneer adjektiewe attributief gebruik word, verskyn hulle as komplement van die naamwoord. Maar wanneer hulle predikatief gebruik word kom hulle voor in kopulatief konstruksies. In sintaksis kan verskillende kategorieë van woorde verskillende distribusies hê. Adjektiewe kan nie geïdentifiseer word deur na dit te kyk in isolasie want die vorm van In woord dui nie noodwendig sy sintaktiese funksie aan. Deskriptiewe possessiewe as semantiese adjektiewe beskryf die naamwoord waarna hulle verwys op 'n wyse wat verskillend is van dié van possessiewe. Die deskriptiewe deel kan aangetoon word as die kern van die naamwoord groep en kan ook aangetoon word as In komplement van die possessiewe [-a-] waar hulle plek, tyd, gebeurtenis en geslag aandui.
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Bottoman, Ntombesizwe. "The adjective in Xhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52480.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adjectives in Xhosa represent a small, closed class of descriptive nominal modifiers, which are categorized as the adjective because of their morphological behaviour, i.e. they all have to appear with the prefix of the noun which is the head of the Noun Phrase. There are other nominal modifiers in Xhosa, which may have the same descriptive function as the small class of morphological adjectives. Attention focuses on the relative clauses and descriptive possessives. The term "Adjective" in Xhosa includes the semantic adjective. Various scholars define the adjective as a distinct category by establishing specific criteria for. Semantic prototypes with noun, adjective and verb types, i.e. semantic types according to Dixon (1991) are considered. Semantic types in Xhosa may also have this feature. The following categoreis have been considered: morphological adjective, descriptive possessive, relative clauses, i.e. nominal relative clauses and the verbal relative clauses. With regard to the morphological adjective: Some basic notions on the morphological adjectives, specifically the morphology of adjectives, adjectival phrases, the distribution of the adjectives, comparison and the co-ordinated adjectives, and the definite morpheme are dealt with. The following values have been dealt with regarding the structure of the relative clause, i.e. the nominal relative clause with the definite morpheme [a], the copulative verb and the nominal relative complements of the copulative verbs. Two issues have been discussed in the case of the descriptive possessive: firstly, where the descriptive part is the head of the Noun Phrase with meanings such as groups, nouns denoting quantity, cardinal numbers, the partitives, units of measure and mass, humans with the features of psychological and physical features, the infinitive clause, and secondly, the descriptive part is the complement of the preposition [-a-].
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Adjektiewe in Xhosa verteenwoordig 'n klein geslote klas van deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat as 'n adjektief kategorie beskou word op grond van hul morfologie, di.i. hulle moet almal voorkom saam met die prefiks van die naamwoord wat die kern is van die naamwoordgroep. Daar is ander nominale bepalers in Xhosa wat dieselfde deskriptiewe funksie as die klein klas van morfologiese adjektiewe kan hê. Aandag is gegee an die relatiewe en deskriptiewe possessiewe. Die term "adjektief" in Xhosa sluit die semantiese adjektief in: verskeie taalkundiges definieer die adjektief as 'n aparte kategorie deur spesifieke kriteria vir adjektiewe te bepaal. Semantiese prototipes met naamwoorde, adjektiewe en werkwoordtipes, d.i. semantiese tipes volgens Dixon (1991) is ondersoek. Semantiese tipes in Xhosa kan ook hierdie kenmerk hê. Die volgende kategorieë is ondersoek: Morfologiese adjektief, deskriptiewe possessief, relatief klouse waaronder nominale en werkwoordelike relatiewe klause. Met verwysing na die morfologiese adjektief: sekere basiese begrippe ten opsigte van die morfologiese adjektief is nagegaan, waaronder spesiefiek die morfologie van adjektiewe, adjektief frases, die distribusie van die adjektiewe, vergelyking en die neweskikkende adjektiewe sowel as die bepaaldheidsmorfeem. Die volgende sake is oorweeg met betrekking tot die struktuur van die relatief klous: die nominale relatief klous met die bepaaldheidsmorfeem [-a-], die kapulatiewe werkwoord en die nominale relatiewe komplemente van die kopulatiewe werkwoorde. Twee sake is bespreek in die geval van die deskriptiewe possessief: eerstens, die deskriptiewe deel is die kern van die naamwoordfrase met betekenisse soos groepe, naamwoorde wat kwantiteit aandui, hooftelwoorde, partitiewe, eenhede van maat en massa, mense met sielkundige en fisiese kenmerke, die infinitief klous,· en tweedens die deskriptiewe deel is die komplement van die preposisie [-a-].
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Sabbagh, Abdulmoomin Z. I. "Adjective order in Arabic." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20165.
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This thesis is based on a computerized corpus of Modern Standard Arabic. The Oxford Concordance Programme was employed in order to process the data and pick out different functions of the Arabic adjectives. The data is taken from over two thousand two hundred pages of the 20th century Arabic texts. This thesis discusses adjective types, word classes and order when they occur in the same NP or predicatively modifying the same head noun. Reference is also made to adjectives in other languages such as English. A prototypical account for the various types of Arabic adjectives is suggested according to which three main types are postulated : Simple, Participal and Denominal. These types are shown to relate to some syntactic, semantic, and morphological criteria features, which also play an important role in deciding the order of adjectives in Arabic. An argument for an independent adjective word class in Arabic is put forward since the inclusion of Arabic adjectives with nouns by the traditional and by some modern linguists is found to be inadequate. Some new criterial tests with respect to Arabic adjectives have been developed which provide supporting evidence for a separate adjective word class. The denominal adjectives are further investigated and shown to have an infinite number of meanings which can only be determined with respect to a specific modified head N. They are shown to have some nominal characteristics which decide their order when they cooccur with other types of adjectives. It is argued that although Arabic denominal adjectives are morphologically unified since they take one suffix, those derived from concrete bases are not predictable, whereas those derived from quadrilateral abstract bases are predictable.
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Smeds, Fredrik. "Adjective Comparison in Contemporary British English : A Corpus Study of More than One Hundred Adjectives." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-933.
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There are mainly two ways of comparing adjectives in English: the analytic and the synthetic. The analytic way is to use more and most (for example difficult, more difficult, most difficult). The synthetic, or inflectional, way is to add the endings –er and –est (for instance fast, faster, fastest). During the last twelve centuries the way of forming comparisons in English has evolved from predominately synthetic to the point where both inflections and analytic forms are used. Today many adjectives are almost always compared either synthetically or analytically (e.g. fast and difficult respectively), but sometimes we have two alternatives; for example, we can choose between more polite and politer. The author has three aims with this paper: firstly, to examine how adjectives in English are compared today; secondly, to determine how well the descriptions in modern grammars agree with authentic written English; thirdly, to see whether there have been any recent changes in the way of indicating comparison. This is a quantitative study. A corpus investigation was undertaken: some one hundred common adjectives in two British newspapers, The Guardian and The Observer, from 1990–91 and 2005 that vary in their way of expressing comparison were studied. The results were compared with six grammars from the last five decades. After the data collection, the chi square test was applied, showing how statistically significant the changes between 1990–91 and 2005 are. Judging from the data in this study, the synthetic comparison seems to be becoming less common. The author also concludes that the comparison of adjectives in contemporary British English varies considerably.
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Coiffet, Benoît. "Étude des emplois de l'adjectif invarié en français." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20057/document.
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Dans cette étude, nous analysons des combinaisons formées d’un verbe à droite duquel se trouve un adjectif invarié (du type manger + bio, acheter français). Dans cette position, il est incident au verbe d’un point de vue syntaxique. Cependant, en tant qu’élément caractérisant, il requiert sémantiquement des éléments supports, mais ceux-ci sont systématiquement absents de l’énoncé. L’absence de ces supports sémantiques entraîne son invariabilité, et c’est la raison pour laquelle on propose de parler d’adjectif « invarié ». On peut par ailleurs constater que l’adjectif, dans cet environnement syntaxique, fonctionne comme un adverbe, unité de langue avec lequel il partage cette position prototypique à droite du verbe. Il apparaît que dans ce contexte syntaxique, l’adjectif invarié peut porter sur plusieurs éléments. Dans certains cas, il peut s’agir d’éléments appartenant à la structure argumentale du verbe, tels que l’objet non exprimé ; dans d’autres cas, il peut porter sur des éléments qui n’appartiennent pas forcément à la structure argumentale (dans une combinaison du type pédaler + utile). Dans cette étude, nous postulons qu’il peut alors être complément de manièreIn this study, we analyze verb combinations formed by placing an adjective to the right of a verb (such as "to eat organic" or "to buy French"). Placed in this position, the adjective is incidental to the verb from a syntactical point of view. However, as a defining element, it requires supporting elements, which are systematically absent from the statement. The absence of these semantical supports causes the adjective to be grammatically invariable, and for that reason, we speak of "invariable" adjectives. It can be maintained that, in this syntactical environment, an adjective finds itself in the place of another linguistic structure of which it is the prototypical function and with which it appears to be in competition: the adverb.It appears that, in this syntactical contest, an invariable adjective bears upon several elements. In certain cases, it can be a matter of elements belonging to the argumental structure of the verb, such as the unexpressed object. In other cases, it can involve elements that do not necessarily belong to the argumental structure (as in the combination "to bike + useful"). In this study, we postulate that it can thus be a complement describing the manner
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Fellner, Hannes Alexander. "Studies in Tocharian Adjective Formation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10733.
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This thesis is devoted to the investigation of two morphological classes in Tocharian and their Indo-European prehistory and affiliation: 1) the continuants of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) thematic ("class I") adjectives, and 2) a class of agent formations related to them.Linguistics
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Panayidou, Fryni. "(In)flexibility in adjective ordering." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8815.
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The present thesis investigates adjective ordering across languages, with an emphasis on Greek and Cypriot Maronite Arabic (CMA). Cross-linguistically, attributive adjectives are argued to be ordered according to their semantic class (Hetzron 1978; Dixon 1982; Cinque 1994, 2010, among others). Given that the orders attested cross-linguistically are very similar, it is claimed that all orders have the same underlying order, which is imposed by syntax as in Cinque 2010. If adjective ordering restrictions are indeed syntactic, the question that arises is how to account for violations of the order. I defend the view that the order can be affected by various factors. Following Sproat and Shih (1991) and Cinque (2010), I assume that there is an indirect vs. direct distinction in adjectival modification, and I claim that Greek polydefinites are an instance of the former, whereby the adjective merges inside a Reduced Relative Clause – a PredP as in Bhatt 2000. The additional definite article is not a true article, but the realisation of Pred0. Moreover, I argue that adjective ordering phenomena give us an insight into whether adjectives modify the noun as heads or phrases. The claim is that both are necessary; adjectives that are structurally closer to the noun combine with it as heads, while structurally higher adjectives, e.g. adjectives with complements or adjectives that have a predicative source, are phrasal-modifiers. The ability of adjectives to have access to both types of modification also leads to apparent violations of the order. Finally, I discuss new data from CMA, which allows both prenominal and postnominal adjectives. Adjectives borrowed from Greek are found in either position, while native Arabic adjectives are strongly preferred postnominally. I argue that adjective ordering and placement is inflexible in CMA, and that the facts follow by the need of phrases in the extended nominal projection to inherit a nominal feature.
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Stewart, Christopher Paul. "The Arabic Adjective and Attribute." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316446547.
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Ohler, Lindsey Ann. "Adjective Pairings with Female Body Shapes." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1396368907.
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Kamandulytė, Laura. "Acquisition of Lithuanian adjective: lexical and morphosyntactic features." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100208_143347-79866.
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The main results of the PhD thesis are described in the summary.
The main objective of the thesis is to define the acquisition of lexical and morphosyntactic features of Lithuanian adjective. The analysis is based on the large quantity of linguistic data (~ 400 000 words), which is the corpus of four children compiled according the method of longitudinal observation. The study has interchangeably applied several methods of analysis: longitudinal observation, corpus linguistics, error analysis and comparative method.
Statements to be Defended
1. Lexical features of adjectives are acquired by children with difficulties: they often confuse adjectives of a single semantic group and make many errors. 2. Children easily acquire morphosyntactic features of adjectives: they do not make many errors. Some errors may be observed only in cases, when adjective paradigms do not coincide with noun paradigms. 3. Lexical and morphosyntactic features of adjectives are acquired simultaneously. The meaning of adjective is realised only when multi-word combinations and morphosyntactic features have been acquired. 4. The acquisition of adjectives correlates with the individual language development. Bigger lexical variety of adjectives is more characteristic to children with early and late language development, if compared to children with typical language development. Morphosyntactic features of adjectives do not pose problems to children with late language development. 5. The acquisition of... [to full text]Santraukoje pateikiami pagrindiniai disertacinio tyrimo metu gauti rezultatai. Aprašomo tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti leksines ir morfosintaksines lietuvių kalbos būdvardžio įsisavinimo ypatybes. Tyrimui pasirinktas didelės apimties šaltinis – keturių vaikų kalbos tekstynas (~ 400 000 žodžių), sukauptas ilgalaikio stebėjimo metodu. Tyrimas atliktas taikant ir derinant kelis metodus: ilgalaikio stebėjimo, tekstynų lingvistikos, klaidų analizės ir lyginamąjį. Atlikus tyrimą darbe pagrindžiami šie ginamieji teiginiai: 1. Vaikams sudėtinga įsisavinti būdvardžio leksines ypatybes: dažnai painiojami vienos leksinės semantinės grupės būdvardžiai, daroma daug klaidų. 2. Vaikai lengvai įsisavina morfosintaksines būdvardžio ypatybes: klaidų nėra daug, dažniau klystama tik retų paradigmų būdvardžius derinant su daiktavardžiais. 3. Būdvardžio leksinės ir morfosintaksinės ypatybės įsisavinamos drauge. Būdvardžio reikšmė suvokiama tik pradėjus vartoti keliažodžius pasakymus, įsisavinus gramatines ypatybes. 4. Būdvardžio įsisavinimas susijęs su individualia vaiko kalbos raida. Ankstyvajai ir vėlyvajai kalbos raidai būdinga didesnė būdvardžių leksinė įvairovė nei įprastai kalbos raidai, o vaikams, kurių kalbos raida vėlyva, nesudėtinga įsisavinti būdvardžio morfosintaksinius požymius. 5. Būdvardžio įsisavinimą veikia ne tik aplinkos veiksniai (vaikiškoji kalba), bet ir kalbos sistema. Kaip ir įsisavinant kitas kalbos dalis, vaikų kalboje vyrauja vaikiškojoje kalboje dažniausiai vartojamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Prasada, Sandeep. "Acquisition of adjective meanings : a lexical semantic approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12886.
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Yuruten, Onur. "Formation Of Adjective, Noun And Verb Concepts Through Affordances." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614385/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study the development of linguistic concepts (corresponding to a subset of
nouns, verbs and adjectives) on a humanoid robot. To accomplish this goal, we use affordances,
a notion first proposed by J.J. Gibson to describe the action possibilities offered to
an agent by the environment. Using the affordances formalization framework of Sahin et al.,
we have implemented a learning system on a humanoid robot and obtained the required data
from the sensorimotor experiences of the robot. The system we developed (1) can learn verb,
adjective and noun concepts, (2) represent them in terms of strings of prototypes and dependencies
based on affordances, (3) can accurately recognize the concept of novel objects and
events, and (4) can be used for tasks such as goal emulation and multi step planning.
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Evans, Elliott. "The Origin, Functions, and Histories of Germanic Adjective Endings." Thesis, Indiana University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13858651.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to provide an account for why Germanic languages inflect adjectives along the adjective declension choice (ADC)—i.e. as strong or weak—in addition to the typical parameters of gender, number, and case. Specifically, I examine the origin, functions, and histories of Germanic adjective endings.
The ADC, which developed in prehistoric times, could not have arisen from the Proto-Indo-European individualizing suffix as is typically assumed, since early runic examples directly contradict that account. Instead, geographically peripheral Swedish attest nominal incorporation to express definiteness, which finds corresponding examples in both Runic Germanic and other Indo-European languages and provides a more likely origin for the ADC.
The modern Germanic languages exhibit different functions for the ADC. In German it conveys syntactic nominal features that would otherwise remain unvalued and result in a crash. In Dutch and Norwegian, it conveys semantic definiteness features.
The function of the ADC in Proto-Germanic, as demonstrated through a comparison of early Germanic translations of Matthew’s Gospel, was syntactic, though distinct from German. In Proto-Germanic, weak adjectives were bound by determiners and strong adjectives were free and occupied the elsewhere environment. A series of developments happened in the history of German, attested from approximately 800 to 1300 CE. First, possessives and the indefinite article grammaticalized from adjectives into determiners. Second, many nominative inflections phonologically reduced to zero, making most predicate adjectives appear uninflected. Finally, strong attributive adjectives adopted the pronominal paradigm to replace the zero endings. In Norwegian, the system shifted from a syntactic one to a semantic one, with the two competing systems vacillating from approximately 1100 to 1500 CE. The newer semantic system, which eventually won out, aligned weak adjectives with definiteness instead of the older syntactic system in which weak adjectives were bound by a determiner.
By examining the ADC, I provide an account of a phenomenon that morphosyntactically identifies nearly all Germanic languages, while showing that significant variation in function and historical trajectory exists across the Germanic languages—both past and present.
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劉慧雯 and Wai-man Vendy Lau. "A study of adjectives in Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4389396X.
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Mykytenko, A., Лариса Володимирівна Щигло, Лариса Владимировна Щигло, and Larysa Volodymyrivna Shchyglo. "The ways of the translation of German verbal adjectives into the English language." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34734.
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Through the complexity of its semantic structure of the derivatives perform special functions in the sentence. Introduced in the proposal syntactic and semantic approval studied derivatives primarily realize the function of a structural-semantic component of the proposal. They express attribute of the object, action or other status in three syntactic functions such as predicative, definitions and adverbial.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34734
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Білоконь, І. М. "Лінгвокогнітивні аспекти відчислівникових прикметників (на матеріалі англомовного дискурсу)." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26162.
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Crookston, I. "Adverbs, adjectives and control." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376816.
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McKinney-Bock, Katy. "Adjective ordering restrictions: exploring relevant semantic notions for syntactic ordering." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/104642.
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I propose that ordering restrictions among adjectives (e.g., the big gray poodle) are driven by the covert syntactic complexity of the adjectival projections. The more complex the projection containing the adjective, the higher in the structure it must merge. Intersective adjectives (gray) merge with the NP, and non-intersective adjectives (big) merge also with a covert for-PP that contains a copy of the NP. This differs from the usual approaches to adjective ordering, which turn to fine-grained semantic subclasses (e.g. height, length, color) or functional heads in the DP to explain adjective ordering restrictions.
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Sharpe, Dean. "Children's understanding of adjectives." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26138.
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A basic principle of object individuation--that predicables (or adjectival, verbal, or prepositional expressions) do not individuate--gives rise to a competence theory related to their interpretation. It is that we interpret predicables as sub-kinds of the kinds that type them. Evidence of children's competence in this matter is reviewed. Two experiments are presented, exploring the sensitivity of 20 children, aged 2;11 to 3;11 (mean 3;6), to changes in adjective interpretation across unrelated and related kinds. For instance, children were tested on their understanding that a nonsense adjective picked out sub-kinds of toy bears and balls on the basis of unrelated attributes. They were also tested on their understanding that the opposites "big" and "little" could describe the same individual object when typed by basic level and superordinate level kinds (e.g. that a little bat could be a big toy). Children's responses were near perfect, indicating that the basic logical framework for predicable interpretation used by adults is in place by age three.
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Ratkus, Artūras. "The adjective inflection in Gothic and early Germanic : structure and development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609805.
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Mudd, Jordan. "Revealing Socially Undesirable Information: A Comparison of Bipolar Adjective Scaling Methods." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/466.
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Despite the popularity of personality testing for personnel selection, criticisms have arisen regarding the potential for response distortions by applicants. Researchers have developed many techniques to control for such response distortions, including the use of different response formats. Using both a university sample of introductory psychology students and an applied sample of police officers during a promotional exam, the present study examined two bipolar adjective scaling methods (paired-comparison and semantic differential) to determine scaling effects on test taker reports of socially undesirable information on a self-report personality measure of conscientiousness. Results indicate that no differences exist in socially desirable responding based on the scaling method used to assess personality. In a follow-up study using college students, a semantic differential scale with six points was administered. Again, no differences were found. Internal consistency analyses comparing a 6-point semantic differential scale with a paired comparison scale indicated greater internal consistency for the semantic differential format.
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Su, Hang. "Judgement and adjective complementation patterns in biographical discourse : a corpus study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6245/.
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This thesis, drawing on insights from Appraisal Theory, Pattern Grammar and Corpus Linguistics, explores the association between grammar patterns and attitudinal meanings. Particular attention is paid to adjective complementation patterns and Judgement, i.e. the ethical evaluation of human behaviour and character. Using a corpus compiled of biographical discourse, this study addresses four research questions: 1) whether the current JUDGEMENT system is sufficiently comprehensive and systematic to deal with the Judgement resources identified in this corpus, 2) what insights a detailed scrutiny of adjective-in-pattern exemplars can offer into the description and characterisation of attitudinal resources, 3) how local grammars of evaluation can be developed with the help of grammar patterns, and 4) what local grammars of evaluation may be useful for. It is suggested that the original JUDGEMENT system should be refined so as to enable it to deal effectively with the Judgement resources found. Drawing on evidence from both personality psychology and corpus analysis, Emotivity is proposed as a new sub-type of Judgement to account for those resources which construe attitudes towards emotional types of personality traits. The examination of adjective-in-pattern exemplars in terms of Attitude shows that grammar patterns are of limited use in distinguishing types of attitudinal meanings but that grammar patterns are a very useful heuristic to investigate attitudinal resources. Further, it is demonstrated that grammar patterns are a good starting point for the construction of local grammars of evaluation, which is exemplified by the local grammar of Judgement developed in the current study. Lastly, it is argued that local grammars of evaluation, in theory, provide an alternative way to model attitudinal meanings, and in practice, offer some insights into the automation of appraisal analysis. Other related issues (e.g. local grammar analyses of some special cases, replicability of the methodology) are also discussed.
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Wang, Qian. "Focus Placement and Interpretations of Bare Gradable Adjective Predicates in Mandarin Chinese." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437091124.
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Thorpe, Kirsten. "Young children's developing skill in real-time interpretation of adjective-noun phrases /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Cairone, Giulia. "Morbido adjective 1.(gen) soft 2.(carne) tender 3.(pelle) soft, smooth." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6565.
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Mphasha, Lekau Eleazar. "Adjectives in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51565.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research investigates the adjective in Northern Sotho. The entire research indicates that adjectives form a closed system and are morphologically marked with a noun class prefix in Northern Sotho. Three semantic categories of adjectives which may be recognized are descriptive, quantitative and colour adjectives. Chapter One is the introduction of the research. The introductory sections which appear in it are purpose and aim of study, method of research, organization of the study, definitions of the concepts and derivation of adjectives. Chapter Two concentrates on the semantic adjective. Semantics deals with the study of words origins~ changes and meanings. Attributive (prenominal) adjectives tend to denote fairly permanent properties, while predicative ones denote the corresponding transient properties as in the following examples: (1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned) b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly) (2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand) b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus) Adjectives can occur in comparative and exclamatory constructions. Two types of adjectives may also differ from one another in that the one involving conversion does not take degree modifier or comparative, whereas the one not involving conversion can have either of them occurring with them: (3) a. The strong should help the weak b. The very strong should help the weak (4) a. The cup is big b. The cup is too big Chapter Three evolves on the formation and structure of adjectives in Northern Sotho. This chapter introduces a wide range of word building elements used to create the adjective structure. Emphasis is put on the adjectival prefixes, adjectival stems and adjectival suffixes which are the constituent elements of the adjective. Only the adjectival stems are reduplicable and have usually an intensified meaning. This implies that the adjectival prefixes and adjectival suffixes, in terms of their position and function, cannot be reduplicated. There are also some restrictions in the use of adjectives. The main concerns are the nature of word-formation processes and the ways in which wordformation interacts with syntax, semantics and lexicon. Chapter Four exemplifies the descriptive possessive in full. As a matter of clarification, no possessives have been discussed in this chapter. Descriptive possessives and possessives are two different aspects. In this chapter, various aspects which make up the descriptive possessives are also discussed in detail. Chapter Five deals with the nominal relative clause. The head is always the noun in all the nominal relative clauses. The matrix and the relative clauses are given under physical features, psychological features, habits, skills, taste and natural phenomena. The distribution of a relative is also indicated. Attention is based on the complement of a noun and position in a clause. Chapter Six is the concluding chapter which gives the summary of all the previous chapters.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het as doelstelling die ondersoek van die adjektief in Noord-Sotho. Die bevindinge van die navorsing dui daarop dat adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho 'n geslote klas vorm wat morfologies gemerk word deur 'n naamwoordklasprefiks. Die drie semantiese kategorieë van adjektiewe wat in die studie erken word sluit in deskriptiewe, kwantitatiewe en kleur adjektiewe. Hoofstuk Een vorm die inleiding van die studie. Die verskillende sub-afdelings van die hoofstuk gee die doelstelling van die studie, asook 'n oorsig van die navorsingsmetode, organisasie van die studie, belangrike definisies en konsepte en behandel die afleiding van adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho. Hoofstuk Twee fokus op die semantiese adjektiewe. Semantiek hou verband met die studie van woorde se oorsprong, veranderinge en betekenisse. Attributiewe (prenominale) adjektiewe neig om redelik permanente eienskappe aan te dui, terwyl predikatiewe adjektiewe die korresponderende tydelike eienskappe aandui, soos getoon in die volgende voorbeelde in Engels: (1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned) b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly) (2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand) b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus) Adjektiewe kan in vergelykende en uitroepkonstruksies verskyn. Twee tipes adjektiewe kan ook verskil van mekaar in die opsig dat die een tipe wat verandering behels nie 'n graad bepaler of vergelykende bepaler neem nie, terwyl die ander wat nie verandering behels nie met enige van hierdie bepalers kan verskyn. Beskou die volgende voorbeelde in Engels: (3) a. The strong should help the weak b. The very strong should help the weak (4) a. The cup is big b. The cup is too big Hoofstuk Drie hou verband met die vorming en struktuur van adjektiewe in Noord- Sotho. Hierdie hoofstuk stel'n wye reekswoordbou-elementebekendwat gebruik word om qie adjektiefstruktuur te skep. Besondere aandag word gegee aan die adjektiefprefikse, adjektiefstamme en adjektiefsuffikse wat die konstituent elemente van die I adjektief is. Slegs adjektiefstamme is dupliseerbaar, en het gewoonlik 'n geïntensifeerde betekenis. Dit volg dat die adjektiefprefikse en -suffikse in terme van hulle posisie en funksie nie geredupliseer kan word nie. Daar word ook ondersoek ingestel na die beperkings ten opsigte van die gebruik van adjektiewe. Die hoofoorwegings is die aard van woordvormingsprosesseen die wyse waarop woordvorming in interaksie is met die sintaksis, semantiek en die leksikon. Hoofstuk Vier ondersoek die deskriptiewe possessief in Noord-Sotho volledig. Ter wille van duidelikheid: geen possessiewe wat letterlike semantiese besit aandui word in hierdie hoofstuk as relevant beskou nie aangesien deskriptiewe possessiewe, maar nie letterlike besitaanduidende possessiewe nie, as kategorie van semantiese adjektiewe beskou word. In hierdie hoofstuk word ook verskillende aspekte bespreek wat die semantiese adjektief karakteriseer. Hoofstuk Vyf ondersoek die nominale relatief klous. Die kern is altyd 'n naamwoord in al die nominale relatiefklouse. Die matriks- en die relatiefklouse word bespreek onder die klasse van fisiese kenmerke, sielkundige kenmerke, gewoontes, vaardighede, smake, en natuurlike verskynsels. Die verspreiding van 'n relatief word ook aangedui. Aandag word gevestig op die komplement van 'n naamwoord en posisie in die klous. Hoofstuk Ses is die samevatting van die studie waarin die belangrikste bevindings aan die orde gestel word.
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Baka, Jean R. "L'adjectif en Bantu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211721.
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Long, Alison Jane. "Short-term morphosyntactic change : the development of the Russian predicate adjective, 1800-2000." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843477/.
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It is well established that all languages undergo change. Such changes have been seen in the Russian language in a relatively short period of time, particularly in the area of morphosyntax. In order to quantify and examine such changes data from the Russian language was used (the Barentsen Corpus). The aim of his thesis is to quantify change in Russian predicate adjective usage over a two hundred year period, 1801 - 2000, and improve upon the statistical analyses of corpora. A Russian predicate adjective may take one of three forms; the short form (SF), the long form nominative (LF-N) and the long form instrumental (LF-I). It is widely recognised that short form usage is declining In Russian. This study set out to determine how and where this decline was taking place over the two hundred year period. This was done through examination of examples taken from the Barentsen Corpus, which were then divided according to pre-decided criteria and analysed statistically. The results were divided according to the specific grammatical element examined; verbs, nouns and adjectives. Overall, it was found, as expected, that the short form is in decline. Statistical analysis enabled the nature and time of the change, including its statistical significance, to be identified within the time period examined. Through the statistical analysis used in this study it was shown that specific areas of change were identified. For example, the increasing occurrence of the LF-I with semi-copula verbs was observed, and that different rates of change were observed in the time period examined depending on grammatical features and some lexical items (a group of adjectives favouring the SF). Therefore, the methods used in this study allowed the quantification of changes in choice of predicate adjective form, building upon previous work by Benson, Gustavsson and Bazenova.
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Vecchi, Eva Maria. "Distributional semantic phrases vs. semantic distributional nonsense: Adjective Modification in Compositional Distributional Semantics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369284.
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In this thesis, I study the ability of compositional distributional semantics to model adjective modification. I present three studies that explore the degree to which semantic intuitions are grounded in the distributional representations of adjective-noun phrases, as well as provide insight into various linguistic phenomena by extracting unsupervised cues from these distributional representations. First, I investigate degrees of adjective modification. I contrast three types of adjectival modifiers – intersectively used color terms, subsectively used color terms, and intensional adjectives – and test the ability of different composition strategies to model their behavior. Next, I propose an approach to characterize semantic deviance of composite expressions using distributional semantic methods. I present a set of simple measures extracted from distributional representations of words and phrases, and show that they are more significant in determining the acceptability of novel adjective-noun phrases than measures classically employed in studies of compound processing. Finally, I use compositional distributional semantic methods to investigate restrictions in adjective ordering. Specifically, I focus on properties distinguishing adjective-adjective-noun phrases in which there is flexibility in the adjective ordering from those bound to a rigid order. I explore a number of measures extracted from the distributional representation of such phrases which may indicate a word order restriction. Overall, this work provides strong support for compositional distributional semantics, as it is able to generalize and capture the complex semantic intuition of natural language speakers for adjective-noun phrases, even without being able to rely on co-occurrence relations between the constituents.
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Vecchi, Eva Maria. "Distributional semantic phrases vs. semantic distributional nonsense: Adjective Modification in Compositional Distributional Semantics." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1060/1/EMVecchi_Thesis.pdf.
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In this thesis, I study the ability of compositional distributional semantics to model adjective modification. I present three studies that explore the degree to which semantic intuitions are grounded in the distributional representations of adjective-noun phrases, as well as provide insight into various linguistic phenomena by extracting unsupervised cues from these distributional representations. First, I investigate degrees of adjective modification. I contrast three types of adjectival modifiers – intersectively used color terms, subsectively used color terms, and intensional adjectives – and test the ability of different composition strategies to model their behavior. Next, I propose an approach to characterize semantic deviance of composite expressions using distributional semantic methods. I present a set of simple measures extracted from distributional representations of words and phrases, and show that they are more significant in determining the acceptability of novel adjective-noun phrases than measures classically employed in studies of compound processing. Finally, I use compositional distributional semantic methods to investigate restrictions in adjective ordering. Specifically, I focus on properties distinguishing adjective-adjective-noun phrases in which there is flexibility in the adjective ordering from those bound to a rigid order. I explore a number of measures extracted from the distributional representation of such phrases which may indicate a word order restriction. Overall, this work provides strong support for compositional distributional semantics, as it is able to generalize and capture the complex semantic intuition of natural language speakers for adjective-noun phrases, even without being able to rely on co-occurrence relations between the constituents.
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Fung, Wei-yan, and 馮卉欣. "Developing descriptions: the emergence of Cantonese adjectival constructions in a bilingual child." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521838.
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The setting up of the lexical category ‘adjective’ in Chinese has been a controversial topic in linguistics. This is due to the phenomenon that in Chinese, among the group of words which denote properties of noun phrases, there is a notable amount manifesting the characteristics of verbs. That is, they can be potentially qualified as both verbs and adjectives. Over the years, studies on syntactic distributional patterns and semantics on this group of words have been carried out in order to address the problem. However, a theory which adequately describes this multifunctional category in the Chinese language still seems to be lacking.
To shed light on the issue, the current thesis investigates the behavior of words which are potentially considered as ‘adjectives’ occurring naturally in a Cantonese-English bilingual child’s corpus data. Patterns of child language development can provide a new perspective to the adjective-verb controversy in Cantonese from the viewpoint of language acquisition. At the same time, they might review whether interference between English and Cantonese occur. In this thesis, the use of adjectival verbs for attribution and predication, and the manner of their being modified are discussed. While the results in our data set do not show that English has prominent influence on the development of Cantonese in our subject, one of our major findings is that the distributional pattern of adjectival verbs in the child’s Cantonese is predominantly predicative. The current results contrast with theories supporting attributive use of adjectives as being the prototype.published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Talamo, Luigi. "Nominalizations of property concepts: Evidence from Italian." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/77289.
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The research deals with what has been traditionally referred as ‘de-adjectival nominalization’, or the linguistic phenomenon turning adjectives, such as Italian nero ‘black’ or bello ‘ beautiful’, into nouns: nero ‘black (n.)’, bellezza ‘beauty’ or i belli ‘the beautiful (people)’. By drawing on corpus data, the aim of this study is to investigate in Italian how the mismatch between the semantic class of properties and the pragmatic function of reference accounts for a series of constructions of property nominalizations, each characterized by a specific strategy, a set of grammatical parameters and meaning.
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Wikström, Joakim. "El uso de adjetivos pre- y posnominales en el discurso coloquial de hablantes no nativos." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157880.
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El propósito de la presente monografía es investigar si un grupo de hablantes no nativos de español, todos de nivel muy avanzado, usan los adjetivos modificadores en su discurso espontáneo de una manera parecida a la nativa, y más particularmente en qué medida los colocan de manera idiomática delante o detrás del substantivo. El material usado consiste, por un lado, de entrevistas, en las cuales los participantes cuentan de sus propias vidas, y por el otro lado, de una tarea en la que comentan la acción en un videoclip de la película Tiempos Modernos (de Charlie Chaplin). Los participantes del estudio son diez suecos que residen en Chile desde hace por lo menos 5 años. La hipótesis es que, dada una constatada tendencia conservadora general en los hablantes de una segunda lengua que los llevaría a “ir por lo seguro“, los sujetos sobreusarían la opción no marcada, o sea, la posposición, en la colocación de los adjetivos. Los adjetivos están categorizados en dos grupos: uno de adjetivos cotidianos que tienden a anteponerse al sustantivo (bueno, malo, pequeño, grande, pobre, puro, nuevo, viejo, alto), y los restantes adjetivos, que por defecto aparecen en posición posnominal (p.ej. laboral, sueco, libre, desnudo, rápido, cultural, blanco, redondo, privado etc.). Los resultados no apoyan la hipótesis, en el sentido de que los participantes no nativos tienden a sobreusar la posposición. Estos participantes son comparados con un grupo de control que consiste de diez hablantes de español L1 que residen en Chile. Un aspecto que discrepa en el grupo de hablantes no nativos es el uso del adjetivo grande, para el cual los no nativos prefieren la posposición. También destaca el hecho que los participantes nativos son más propensos a usar adjetivos en general en comparación con el grupo no nativo.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent a group of non-native Spanish speakers, all of whom are highly proficient users of L2 Spanish, use modifying adjectives in spontaneous discourse in a targetlike manner and, particularly, to what extent they place them idiomatically before or after the noun. The corpus used consists of interviews, in which the subjects talk about their lives, and another task in which they comment the action of a videoclip from the movie ‘Modern Times’ (by Charlie Chaplin). The subjects of the study are ten Swedes that have lived in Chile for at least 5 years. The assumption being the tendency for second language speakers to be generally conservative and choose to ‘go for what's safe’, it is hypothesized that the L2 users would overuse the unmarked option for placing adjectives, namely after the noun. The adjectives are divided into two categories: one consisting of everyday adjectives that strongly tend to be placed ahead of the noun (bueno, malo, pequeño, grande, nuevo, pobre, puro, viejo, alto) and the other of adjectives that appear in postposition by default (e.g. laboral, sueco, libre, desnudo, rápido, cultural, blanco, redondo, privado etc.). The results don’t support the hypothesis, in the sense that the non-native participants tend to overuse postposition. The L2 participants have been compared to a control group consisting of ten L1 Spanish speakers living in Chile. One aspect that differs in the non-native group is the use of grande, for which the non-native speakers, unlike the natives, prefer postposition. What also stands out is the fact that native speakers are more prone to using adjectives in general compared to the non-native group.
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Vermoyal, Marie-Corinne. "La série adjectivale dans A la Recherche du Temps Perdu. Du fait de langue au fait de vision : « Cette multiforme et puissante unité »." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040118.
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La série adjectivale est une structure bien connue des lecteurs de Proust. La Recherche comprend plus de trois mille séries adjectivales ; elles combinent deux, trois, jusqu’à dix-sept adjectifs. Les variations sémantiques et syntaxiques sont nombreuses entre les séries. Devons-nous parler de série adjectivale ou de séries, au pluriel ? Quel point commun ont toutes ces séries entre elles ? Peut-on dire que la série adjectivale est une figure de style ?Notre but sera de montrer comment s’articulent ces deux phénomènes stylistiques qui font de la série adjectivale une microstructure complexe : l’effet artiste et le fait de vision. Notre thèse consiste à démontrer que la série adjectivale est un phénomène stylistique, un fait qui ne peut se comprendre qu’en analysant le fonctionnement cognitif d’une vision du monde. Dans une première partie nous analysons la série adjectivale comme un fait de langue, une syntaxe complexe ; dans une seconde partie, nous étudions les effets stylistiques produits par la série adjectivale ; puis nous démontrons que le fait syntaxique est l’expression d’un rapport phénoménologique entre le narrateur et le monde qui l’entoureAdjectival series are a well-known by Proust’s readers. We find more than three thousand adjectival series in In Search of the Lost time ; some combine two, three, four adjectives, until seveteen adjectives ; we notice semantical variations and syntactical differences. Should we speak about adjectival series or serie ? What do these series have in common ? Is the adjectival series a stylistic figure ? We want to prove that the adjectival serie is part of these two both stylistics phenomenons which are artistical writting effects and vision of the world. We analyse this stylistic fact according to psychomecanical linguistic, as the expression of an original way to feel. In the first part of research we will show that the adjectival serie is a complex syntactic fact ; in the second part we analyse the adjectival serie as a stylistic effect ; then, we demonstrate that the syntactic fact express a phenomenological link between the narrator and the world
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Junelienė, Giedrė. "K. Aleknavičiaus "Pasakos pritikimay weselos ir giesmes" daiktavardis ir būdvardis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060622_155205-85436.
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1. In the book by K. Aleknavičius „Pasakos pritikimaj weselos ir giesmes“, issued in Vilnius in 1861, a noun is used much more abundantly (~4119 forms) as is an adjective (~724 forms).
2. The book by K.Aleknavičius „Pasakos pritikimaj weselos ir giesmes“ is written using the Eastern version of the writings language.
3. There are plenty of slavisms in the poetry collection by K.Aleknavičius „Pasakos pritikimaj weselos ir giesmes“, as it is characteristic to the writings of that period.
4. The nouns and adjectives, found in the book, are compared to the dialect of the Eastern Highland Lithuanians, and nouns and adjectives of the modern common language, their paradigms are reconstructed.
5. The biography of K.Aleknavičius is reviewed and the section, named „The characteristics of the orthography“, is presented.
6. This morphological study reveals the situation of non-religious writings of the Eastern Highland Lithuanian dialect, there is also data provided on various old and till now unaltered forms of denominatives (nouns and adjectives) and their usage.
7. K.Aleknavičius’ work „Pasakos pritikimaj weselos ir giesmes“ is written using the dialect of the Eastern Highland Lithuanians, however the text of the book from the viewpoint of orthography, phonetics and morphology is not consistent.
8. There are types of masculine, feminine and composite declension found in the book.
9. There are plenty of personal names and place-names in the poetical texts of the book, for example:... [to full text]
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Phillips, Olena. "Russian and Ukrainian Adjectives Referring to Place-names: a Contrastive Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193392.
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This thesis examines linguistic similarities and differences between the Russian and Ukrainian languages regarding the word formation of adjectives referring to place names (toponyms). Using contrastive analysis for analyzing the database composed of approximately 1500 shared toponyms, information is presented revealing the use of appropriate derivational paradigms. Tables are provided illustrating important characteristics of toponym stem-endings and the acquisition of their corresponding suffixes. This information culminates in a better understanding of the proper use within each language for the 25 Russian and 18 Ukrainian suffixes used in the derivational models, and its application within language. Analyzing derivational paradigms of these two investigated languages, I found 15 similar and 7 different models resulting from the word formation process. This information brings a clearer picture for both languages on how derivational paradigms are used in the proper formation of adjectives.
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Missud, Jean. "Analyse linguistique, stylistique et prosodique de l'adjectif composé anglais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0288.
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La première partie, « analyse morphologique, linguistique et stylistique de l’adjectif composé anglais » permet de faire un point sur ce que dit la littérature existante à propos de la manière dont la forme qui nous intéresse est construite. Nous interrogeons la manière dont le processus compositionnel donne naissance aux mots composés, avant de nous concentrer sur l’adjectif composé. Nous faisons une distinction entre composition et affixation ; puis nous établissons une liste des caractéristiques adjectivales de l’adjectif composé anglais. Le deuxième volet de ce premier mouvement est le lieu d’une étape importante de notre étude : la mise en place d’une typologie de l’adjectif composé anglais, construite à partir d’un relevé effectué dans huit œuvres du monde anglophone. Nous déterminons quels sont les cinq formats majeurs que l’adjectif composé adopte : nous mettons en place une analyse des relations syntaxiques et sémantiques au coeur des cinq formats qui dominent notre typologie, puis analysons l’apport stylistique de ces formes adjectivales composées aux oeuvres de notre corpus littéraire.La deuxième partie, « analyse prosodique de l’adjectif composé anglais », fait un état des lieux de la question de l’accentuation des adjectifs composés en lien, comme nous l’avons fait dans la première partie, avec ce qui est établi autour des autres mots composés, notamment les noms composés. L’aspect expérimental de cette deuxième partie prend la forme d’une étude phonologique de l’adjectif composé anglais en contexte théâtralThe first part consists in a morphologic, linguistic and stylistic study of the English compound adjective. We draw a summary of what the existing literature has said over the years about the adjectival compound form, which allows us to question the morphology of the compound process and the way this phenomenon produces new items of language by associating two or more existing words. We interrogate the possibility of links between the different compound words, notably the connections between the English compound noun and the English compound adjective. This first part also draws boundaries between different processes of morphology; once the compounding process and the compound adjective are defined, we draw a list of the adjectival characteristics of the compound adjective. After having studied the theories surrounding the English compound adjective, we set a typology of the form. This typology is built using the 1,521 instances found in 8 pieces of literature. We then focus our attention on the five most common syntactic formats found in our corpus: each of them is analyzed syntactically and semantically, then stylistically by examining how the authors of our corpus make use of the English compound adjective. The second part of the dissertation proposes to study the English compound adjective and its accentuation. We investigate what has been said in the existing literature about the accentuation of compound forms, notably on the accentuation of compounds versus phrases and on compound nouns
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Ngai, Bo-wan Jonathan, and 魏寶雲. "The use of adjective patterns in Hong Kong secondary school students' writing: a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46960314.
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The main goal of this paper is to study the difficulties Hong Kong secondary school students have using adjective patterns correctly in their writing. It also aims to explore the effectiveness of teaching strategies employed to improve their use of this aspect of English and to test the hypothesis that learners who are taught the concept of linking meaning and pattern in adjectives will be better able to use adjective patterns correctly in writing.
A case study of 60 Hong Kong Form 5 students’ writing was carried out. The data come from their exam essays, pre-test, post-test, questionnaire and interviews. To assist them in improving their use of adjective patterns in writing, workshops were run for the students who were divided into a control group and an experimental group of 30 students each. The findings suggest that the students had three main difficulties using adjective patterns correctly in writing: not knowing which grammatical structure to use, blending or mixing up two adjective patterns and not knowing which preposition to use. The findings also suggest that the teaching strategies had a beneficial effect on the correct use of adjective patterns in the 60 Form 5 students’ writing. In addition, the hypothesis posed seems to be somewhat tenable.
This paper ends by summarizing the main findings and pointing out the limitations of the study like time and logistic constraints. Also, it suggests possible implications for classroom teaching and for future research such as the need for larger-scale research on other aspects like underuse of adjective patterns in Hong Kong secondary school students’ writing.published_or_final_version
Applied English Studies
Master
Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics
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Cohen, Maria Antonieta Amarante de Mendonça. "Syntactic change in portuguese : relative clauses and the position on the adjective in the noun phrase." [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268977.
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Com período co-tutela em University of London (Orientador:Theodora Bynon).
Brasil: Orientador: Fernando Luiz TaralloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T23:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cohen_MariaAntonietaAmarantedeMendonca_D.pdf: 4828361 bytes, checksum: 39a43204c664241c50646cec71237f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989
Resumo em portugues não impresso na obra
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is the examination of syntactic changes in the Portuguese Noun Phrase. The data on which it is based consist of successive texts which are taken as representative of consecutive periods of the Portuguese language, from the 14th c onwards. Some information about present-day Brazilian Portuguese also given. Firstly, the position of the Adjective with respect to the Noun in the Noun Phrase 15 investigated within a word order change framework. According to the statistical analysis of the Adjective, Old/Middle Portuguese has shown a predominant order adjective/Noun (AN) whereas Modern Portuguese is predominantly Noun/Adjective (NA). The data available show a sharp decrease in the use of of Adjectives around the 18th C. After that time Postposition replaced Anteposition as the preferred order...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
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Rodriguez, Victoria. "LOOKING BIAS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISUAL SEARCH AND PRENOMINAL ADJECTIVE ORDER IN ENGLISH." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/443754.
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Public HealthM.A.
The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the order of analysis of objects within the visual system and prenominal adjective ordering rules in English, as past syntactic and semantic theories have proven insufficient to explain the phenomenon in its entirety. Three experiments were designed to investigate whether ordering preferences when multiple adjectives are stacked before a noun are determined by properties of the visual system that subsequently map directly onto language via the semantic system. First, an experimental protocol was designed to discover whether participants’ visual search pattern varied based on the type of stimuli presented. A second experiment was created to determine whether participants observed features of objects in an order that corresponded to grammatical adjective ordering rules in English. A third and final experiment was devised to explore whether inversions of adjective categories typically positioned closer to the noun were more acceptable than inversions of adjective categories placed further away from the noun or vice versa. Eye tracking data was analyzed for scan sequence (Experiments 1 and 2) and acceptability judgments were obtained using a 7-point Likert Scale survey (Experiment 3). Results showed that participants did not vary systematic scan patterns based on image type, with a greater propensity to not fixate when presented with shapes. Data from the second experiment demonstrated that participants viewed objects in an order that was correlated with prenominal adjective ordering with varying levels of significance. Acceptability judgments from the third experiment indicated that inversions of adjective classes that are typically placed closer to the noun were generally more acceptable than inversions of adjective classes typically placed further from the noun. This study provides preliminary evidence that language rules may be derived from properties of the visual system and cognition. Further research is necessary to explore the nature and extent of correlations between perception, the semantic system, and grammatical features of language.
Temple University--Theses
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Shimotori, Misuzu. "Conceptual Contrasts : A Comparative Semantic Study of Dimensional Adjectives in Japanese and Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-70217.
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The present study explores the concepts behind Japanese and Swedish dimensional adjectives. The focus is on examining which similarities and differences in the conceptualisation across the two languages exist, if any at all. In order to see how concepts underlying dimensional adjectives are represented in the speaker's minds, data was collected mainly from two word-association tests. The results show that dimensional adjectives are conceptualised and represented differently by speakers of these two languages. The most remarkable difference resulting from the word-association tests is that Japanese participants associate dimensional adjectives mostly with nouns that denote entities the prominent extension of which is aptly described by the stimulus dimensional adjective (e.g. 'long' is associated with 'river'). In Swedish, however, participants associate dimensional adjectives with both adjectives and nouns, and the association patterns and their underlying conceptualisations are thus more diverse (e.g. 'high' is associated with 'building', and 'long' is associated with 'narrow').
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Чернюк, Ніна Іванівна, Нина Ивановна Чернюк, Nina Ivanivna Cherniuk, and Ю. В. Малютіна. "Інтенсифікуючі елементи в сфері англійського прикметника." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17026.
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Sugaya, Yusuke. "Constructing Evaluations: The Meaning-Making Process of Adjectives." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259753.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第22857号
人博第965号
新制||人||229(附属図書館)
2020||人博||965(吉田南総合図書館)
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 谷口 一美, 教授 藤田 耕司, 准教授 守田 貴弘, 教授 山梨 正明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Fox, Gwendoline. "L'acquisition des modifieurs nominaux. Le cas de l'adjectif du français." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030155/document.
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Acquérir l’adjectif épithète pose deux problèmes majeurs en français. D’abord, l’adjectif dénote une propriété à propos d’un nom, les enfants doivent donc pouvoir concevoir un objet comme un tout et comme un ensemble de propriétés pour manier un SN avec épithète. Ensuite, l’alternance est un trait définitoire de l’adjectif du français, mais son placement n’est pas aléatoire et les contraintes en jeu sont multiples et d’ordre tendanciel. De plus, bien que les locuteurs connaissent cette possibilité, ils optent plutôt pour un placement fixe en usage. Ces faits nous ont amenée à nous demander si l’input permet à l’enfant de se construire la notion d’adjectif épithète sans avoir recours à des connaissances langagières innées. Pour y répondre, nous proposons une étude comparant les usages de trois enfants à ceux de leur famille à deux temps de leur acquisition (T1 : 3 ;8, T2 : 4 ;6). Nous étudions quatre aspects de l’usage de l’épithète (lexique, placement, combinaison avec d’autres modifieurs ou un dépendant adjectival) et nous confrontons l’adjectif aux autres modifieurs nominaux. Ces phénomènes montrent tous la même évolution. À T1, les enfants emploient la construction la plus fréquente des adultes, avec un fort degré de spécificité lexicale. À T2, d’autres constructions émergent selon leur ordre de fréquence chez les adultes. Le lexique de la construction de T1 s’est en outre élargi dans le champ de la classe sémantique des usages de T1. Les enfants montrent ainsi une sensibilité aux informations quantitatives et une abstraction graduelle des structures par analogie sémantique, qui plaident pour une construction progressive de la notion d’adjectif épithète à partir de l’inputThe acquisition of attributive adjectives is subject to two major difficulties in French. First, adjectives express a property of a larger unit : children must be able to conceive an object as a whole and as a set of properties to use a NP with an adjective. Second, adjectives in French may occur before or after the noun. Alternation is a defining feature of the category but it is not random, and the constraints at play are numerous and preferential in nature. Also, although speakers are aware of this possibility, they tend to choose a fixed position in usage. These facts raise the question of whether the input allows children to construct the notion of attributive adjectives without a resort to innate linguistic knowledge. To answer this, I propose a comparative study of the productions of three children interacting with their family at two times of their development (T1 : 3 ;8, T2 : 4 ;6). I examine four phenomena concerning attributive adjectives (lexicon, placement, combination with other modifiers or adjectival dependents), and I compare adjectives with other nominal modifiers. All of these phenomena show the same evolution. At T1, the children use the most frequent construction in the adult data, with a high degree of lexical specificity. T2 shows the appearance of other constructions according to their order of frequency in the adult data. The construction from T1 is also used with a greater choice of lexical units, but within the same semantic classes. The children thus show sensitivity to quantitative information and a gradual abstraction of constructions by semantic analogy, which pleads for a progressive construction of the knowledge of adjectives based on the input data
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COSTA, MARCIA RITA SILVA DA. "THE ADJECTIVE IN POSITION OF ADNOMINAL ADJUNCT: SEMANTIC CHANGES AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE PL2-E EDUCATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14120@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Este trabalho objetiva descrever e analisar a classe gramatical dos adjetivos no português do Brasil e suas respectivas mudanças de carga semântica quando estes se encontram na função de adjunto adnominal e estão antepostos ao substantivo. Verificou-se que as gramáticas normativas do Português no Brasil, assim como os livros didáticos destinados ao ensino de Português para estrangeiros, em geral, não fazem referências às mudanças semânticas que ocorrem com esta classe gramatical em posição anteposta. A fundamentação teórica desta dissertação concentra-se, primeiramente, na descrição da classe gramatical do adjetivo nos compêndios teóricos e gramaticais destinados ao ensino de Português para brasileiros e estrangeiros. Na segunda parte, a ênfase é dada aos estudos realizados na área da Pragmática, e vale-se dos conceitos de língua e linguagem, sobretudo à luz das reflexões da Filosofia da Linguagem, e da Antropologia Linguística que vê a cultura como sistema de práticas. Por fim, a pesquisa discorrerá sobre a análise dos adjetivos em amostras retiradas de textos escritos, cujas fontes são jornalísticas ou oriundas de propagandas e, que demonstrem aspectos culturais na vida cotidiana do brasileiro. A principal contribuição do trabalho é de proporcionar aos profissionais de ensino de PL2-E maior reflexão quanto ao ensino/aprendizagem da gramática de português como segunda língua para estrangeiros.
This work aims to describe and to analyze the grammatical class of the adjectives in the Brazilian Portuguese and its respective changes of semantic loads, when they function as adnominal adjunct and appear before the subject. It was verified that the Brazilian normative grammars of Portuguese, as well as didactic books aiming the teaching of Portuguese for foreigners, in general, do not make reference to the semantic changes that occur within this grammatical class when it is placed before the subject. The theoretical basis of this dissertation focus, firstly, in the description of the grammatical class of the adjective in the theoretical and grammatical compendiums destined to the teaching of Portuguese for both Brazilians and foreigners. In a second part, the emphasis is given to the studies developed in Pragmatics, using the concepts of language and discourse, mainly through the light that is shed by the Philosophy of Language, and the Linguistic Anthropology that sees culture as a system of practices. Finally, the research deals with the analysis of the adjectives found in written texts samples, taken from advertisements or journalistic pieces, that demonstrate cultural aspects of the daily life in Brazil. The main contribution of this work is to provide to the PL2-E teaching professionals a deeper reflection about the teaching/learning process of the Portuguese grammar as a second language for foreigners.
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Wennemark, Ingela. "A diachronic study of the semantics of the adjectives mean and gay." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10317.
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This essay explores the semantic change of the adjectives mean and gay from the 1920s to the2000s. This was done by going through concordance lines which was collected from the Time Corpus. The aim of the paper is to investigate if there has been any change of meaning of the two words, and if that is the case how have they changed. The results showed that both words have had a tremendous change in meaning, the most prominent one being the adjective gay which has gone from denoting something or someone who is happy to referring to a homosexual person. The adjective mean has also had a change in meaning, or has rather gained several new meanings along with the original one.
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Salinas, Claudine. "Les prédicats de sentiment dans Les Verbes français de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier : analyse et prolongement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2133.
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Le point de départ de cette thèse est la classe « P » (« verbes psychologiques ») du dictionnaire électronique Les Verbes français de J. Dubois et F. Dubois-Charlier, et porte plus précisément sur les verbes de sentiment. Les critères de cette classification n’étant pas toujours explicites, l’objectif est, dans un premier temps, d’en comprendre les paramètres syntactico sémantiques puis de l'affiner afin d'obtenir des classes plus petites, mais homogènes du point de vue du sentiment exprimé, et d’y intégrer les noms et / ou adjectifs morphologiquement apparentés aux verbes et partageant les mêmes propriétés syntactico-sémantique. Nos analyses, appuyées sur un corpus d’énoncés attestés, aboutissent à la caractérisation des prédicats de « nostalgie », de « regret »,de « dés)agrément » et d’« étonnement »The starting point of this work is “P” class (“verbes psychologiques”) of Les Verbes françaisof J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier's electronic dictionary. It deals, more precisely, with feeling verbs.Because of the classification's criterions which are not that explicit, our main target is to try tounderstand their syntactic and semantic parameters, then to refine it in order to make small classes,but sharing in common the feeling expressed. Nouns and / or adjectives, morphologically connectedto verbs, and sharing the same syntactic and semantic properties, will be integrated to them. Ouranalysis, based on a large attested Corpus, lead to predicates characterization of “nostalgia”, “regret”,“annoyance” and “astonishment”
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Hopp, Christelle. "La place de l’adjectif épithète dans deux romans du XIXe siècle : El Señor de Bembibre d’Enrique Gil y Carrasco et Los Pazos de Ulloa d’Emilia Pardo Bazán." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0136/document.
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Ce travail de recherche consiste à démontrer que la place de l’adjectif dépend de contraintes syntaxiques, mais également de contraintes sémantiques et pragmatiques.L’analyse comparative entre un roman romantique et un roman naturaliste vise à montrer l’importance de la place de l’adjectif épithète au sein du texte, car ce phénomène permet à chaque écrivain de produire certains effets sur les lecteurs qui dépendent des intentions recherchées et par conséquent de l’œuvre étudiée.L'objectif de notre thèse consiste avant tout à montrer que l’adjectif, selon la place qu’il occupe, va permettre non seulement d’apporter différents types de précisions sur le référent désigné par le substantif, mais aussi de transmettre le point de vue du locuteur et de persuader le récepteur.Si bien que ce phénomène permet de montrer que chaque discours littéraire est unique et d’en expliquer le pourquoiThis research project consisted of showing that the place of the adjective depends not only on syntax but also on semantic and pragmatic constraints.A comparative analysis between a romance novel and a naturalist novel aims to show the importance of the place of the attributive adjective within a text, as this phenomenon allows each writer to produce certain effects on their readers which depend on the intention sought and, consequently, on the work studied.The objective of this thesis consists above all in showing that the adjective, depending on the place that it has, will not only allow for different types of precisions to be brought to the referent as designated by the substantive, but moreover to fulfil a macro-speech-act which constitutes a discourse act and also to transmit the speaker’s point of view and to convince the receiver. This phenomenon allows us to show that each literary discourse is unique and to explain the reasons for this
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Gan, Haiying. "A Study of Adjective Use in NPs as an Indicator of Syntactic Development in Swedish L2 Learers' English." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242691.
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This is a corpus-based study on adjective use in eighty written compositions by Swedish learners of English from Grade 7 and Grade 9 in junior high school, and from Year 1 and Year 3 in senior high school. The aims of the study are to conduct an analysis of the use of attributive adjectives in noun phrases, and to investigate how attributive adjective use contributes to the syntactic complexity of noun phrases. This study proposes a hypothesis of the complexity of noun phrases in relation to different types of attributive adjectives, that is to say, an assumption that more complex types of attributive adjectives contain more compact information that requires more effort to learn and use. The investigation shows that Swedish learners of English in junior and senior high school use an overwhelming number of noun phrases without premodifiers. The findings confirm that less proficient students use more adjectives as premodifiers in noun phrases than nouns as premodifiers. The results of the examination also reveal that students from the four school levels investigated use the most common attributive adjectives frequently, which accouts for more than half of the attributive adjectives used. However, a positive trend is that the use of more complex types of adjectives, such as derivational and participial adjectives, steadily increases in number when students advance in school level. The comparision of the most common attributive adjectives in proportion to other adjectives used in the data from each grade shows that more proficient students use a richer variety of adjectives than less proficient students. Some pedagogical implications in this connection are the need to raise Swedish students’ awareness of different types of adjectives in language teaching and learning. Other pedagogical suggestions are the need to develop students’ skills in elaborating ideas and consolidating syntactic structures in their writing. Keywords: syntactic development, noun premodification, attributive adjective, Swedish learners of English