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1
Queen, André Sampaio. "Simulador de reatores anaeróbios com base no ADM1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-04092006-170243/.
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Primeiramente, esse trabalho pretende esclarecer a importância de pesquisas em modelagem, simulação e controle nos processos de tratamento de efluentes e apontar o atraso do Brasil nesta área de pesquisa comparado ao avanço das iniciativas internacionais. O trabalho apresenta o problema específico da modelagem dos processos anaeróbios e propõe uma nova ferramenta de simulação de regime permanente para esses sistemas, desde digestores de lodo a reatores UASB. O simulador se baseia no ADM1 (Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1), modelo proposto pela IWA em 2002, e está implementado em C++. A intenção é disponibilizar livremente um software de simulação com o diferencial de uma metodologia e interface gráfica amigável, capaz de trazer para o dia-a-dia do profissional da área toda a sofisticação de uma modelagem mais completa, tanto do ponto de vista microbiológico como físico-químico. A metodologia proposta se mostrou muito eficiente para a obtenção da condição de regime permanente, fazendo com que a caracterização do afluente se tornasse a etapa limitante do processo de simulação. O método desenvolvido é tão eficaz que permite que sejam realizadas simulações com afluentes e reatores hipotéticos, tornando possível estudos desvinculados da necessidade de análises laboratoriais complexas ou fora do comum.First, this work intends to show the importance of research in modeling, simulation and control of wastewater treatment processes, and to point the delay of our country (Brazil) in this subject, compared to the advance of the international initiatives. This work presents the specific problem of modeling the anaerobic digestion and proposes a new tool to simulate the steady state condition in anaerobic reactors. The simulator is based on the ADM1 (Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1), developed by IWA in 2002, and is implemented in C++. The intention is to give free access to a new simulation software with the advantages of better methodology and friendly graphical interface. This tool should be able to bring to the professionals all the sophistication of a more complete modelling in the microbiological and physical-chemical point of view. The developed methodology revealed itself to be very efficient for the attainment of the steady state condition. Consequently, it makes the characterization of the influent the critic stage of the simulation process. The developed method is so efficient that allows simulation studies to be carried out using hypothetical influents and reactors. Thus, it brings independence for simulation studies with no need of complex or unusual laboratorial analyses.
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Nguyen, Hoa Huu. "Modelling of food waste digestion using ADM1 integrated with Aspen Plus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375082/.
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The aim of this research was to produce an integrated modelling platform in which an anaerobic digester could be linked to the other unit operations which serve it, both in maintaining the physical-chemical conditions in the digester and in transforming the digestion products to useful fuel and nutrient sources. Within these system boundaries an accurate mass and energy balance could be determined and further optimised, particularly where the desired energy products are a mix of heat, power, and biomethane. The anaerobic digestion of food waste was choosen as the subject of the research because of its growing popularity and the availability of validation data. Like many other organic substrates, food waste is potentially a good source of renewable energy in the form of biogas through anaerobic digestion. A number of experimental studies have, however, reported difficulties in the digestion of this material which may limit the applicability of the process. These arise from the complexity of the biochemical processes and the interaction between the microbial groups that make up the anaerobic community. When using food waste there is a tendency to accumulate intermediate volatile fatty acid products, and in particular propionic acid, which eventually causes the pH to drop and the digester to fail. Two factors are important in understanding and explaining the changes in the biochemical process that leads to this condition. The first is due to the differential in sensitivity to free ammonia of the two biochemical pathways that lead to methane formation. The acetoclastic methanogenic route is inhibited at a lower concentration than the hydrogenotrophic route, and methane formation therefore occurs almost exclusively via acetate oxidation to CO2 and H2 at high free ammonia concentrations. The accumulation of propionic acid is thought to be because formate, a product of its degradation, cannot be converted to CO2 and H2 as the necessary trace elements to build a formate dehydrogenase enzyme complex are missing. The Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was modified to reflect ammonia inhibition of acertoclastic methanogenesis and an acetate oxidation pathway was added. A further modification was included which allowed a 'metabolic switch' to operate in the model based on the availability of key trace elements. This operated through the H2 feedback inhibition route rather than creating a new set of equations to consider formate oxidation in its own right: the end result is, however, identical in modelling terms. With these two modifications ADM1 could simulate experimental observations from food waste digesters where the total ammoniacal nitrogen(TAN) concentration exceeded 4 gN l-1. Under these conditions acetate accumulation is first seen, followed by proprionate accumulation, but with the subsequent decrease in acetate until a critical pH is reached. The ADM1 model was implemented in MATLAB with these modifications incorporated. The second part of the research developed an energy model which linked ADM1 to the mechanical processes for biogas upgrading, Combined Heat and Power (CHP)production, and the digester mixing system. The energy model components were developed in the framework of the Aspen Plus modelling platform, with sub-units for processes not available in the standard Aspen Package being developed in Fortran, MS Excel or using the Aspen Simulation Workbook (ASW). This integration of the process components allows accurate sizing of the CHP and direct heating units required for an anaerobic digestion plant designed for fuel grade methane production. Based on the established model and its sub-modules, a number of case studies were developed. To this end the modified ADM1 was applied to mesophilic digestion of Sugar Beet Pulp to observe how the modified ADM1 responded to different substrate types. Secondly, to assess the capability of adding further mechanical processes the model was used to integrate and optimise single stage biogas upgrading. Finally, the digestion of food waste in the municipal solid waste stream of urban areas in Vietnam was considered.
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Silva, Flávio Gonzaga Castro Santos. "Modelização dinâmica do processo de digestão anaeróbia utilizando o modelo ADM1." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/548.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteO presente trabalho propõe a aplicação de um modelo dinâmico para descrever o processo de tratamento anaeróbio, baseado no modelo ADM1. O estudo de modelização compreendeu a designação de variáveis implicadas no processo biológico, a implementação computacional, em duas plataformas informáticas distintas, das equações cinéticas que o descrevem e ainda a verificação do seu desempenho através de simulações para diferentes cenários, entre os quais um ensaio laboratorial semi-contínuo estudando a degradação anaeróbia de um efluente específico gerado numa indústria de pasta de papel pelo processo ao sulfito. Uma análise de incerteza efectuada ao modelo permitiu identificar os parâmetros que mais influenciam o comportamento das variáveis simuladas: a taxa máxima de degradação de acetato (km_ac), o factor de conversão de acetato em biomassa (Y_ac) e a constante de semi-saturação de degradação do acetato (Ks_ac). Após uma estimação destes parâmetros, o modelo foi validado com base no ajuste das simulações a resultados experimentais resultantes da operação laboratorial de um segundo reactor anaeróbio semi-contínuo, utilizado para o estudo de uma condição alimentada distinta – a degradação anaeróbia do mesmo efluente, com adição suplementar de uma fonte de carbono externa. Conclui-se que o modelo simula relativamente bem a maioria das variáveis implicadas no processo específico de degradação – eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica, produção de metano, etc. -, apesar destas revelarem alguma sensibilidade a alguns dos parâmetros especificados nas equações do processo anaeróbio. Em geral, nas cargas orgânicas mais elevadas, o modelo desenvolvido tende a desviar-se ligeiramente dos valores de algumas variáveis de estado, subestimando a eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica. Será necessário proceder a uma calibração mais exacta para tornar possível a aplicação prática das simulações, recorrendo a dados reais. O esforço de modelização constitui assim uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada na previsão do desempenho de operações de tratamento anaeróbio à escala industrial, quer em condições estacionárias, quer em condições de elevada variação de carga orgânica. Através da simulação é possível desenvolver prognósticos detalhados e estratégias de controlo de reactores anaeróbios que, de outra forma, só poderiam ser determinadas por medições experimentais dispendiosas e demoradas. ABSTRACT: This work presents the application of a dynamic model describing the anaerobic treatment process, based on ADM1 model. The modelling study consisted of setting the biological process variables, the computational implementation of its kinetic equations into two different software applications, as well as model verification by simulating it for different frameworks, one of those was the laboratorial operation of a semi-continuous assay testing the anaerobic degradation of an effluent generated in a sulphite pulp mill. An uncertainty analysis permitted the identification of the most influential parameters on the behaviour of simulated variables: maximum specific acetate uptake rate (km_ac), yield of biomass on acetate (Y_ac) and half-saturation constant for acetate uptake (Ks_ac). After parameter estimation, the model was validated by means of the simulation fitting to experimental data sets from the laboratorial operation of a second semi-continuous reactor, used for studying a different feed condition – the anaerobic degradation of the same effluent using an external carbon source addition. It was concluded that the model simulates quite well some of the variables implied on the specific degradation process – organic matter removal, methane production, etc. -, although they revealed some sensitivity to a large number of parameters embedded on the anaerobic process equations. In general, in the higher organic loads, the implemented model trends to deviate slightly the values for several state variables, underestimating the organic matter removal efficiency. It is then necessary to accurately calibrate the mathematical model on existing real data in order to be possible the application of the simulation results in practice. The modelling efforts can be a valuable tool predicting the performance at fullscale treatment operations, either in steady-state conditions, or in changeable organic load conditions. Through simulation it is then possible to develop detailed prognosis and control strategies for several influent characteristics and operation conditions in the anaerobic reactors, which otherwise could only be determined by time-consuming and expensive measurement phases.
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Bareha, Younès. "Modélisation des processus de transformation de l'azote en digestion anaérobie : application à l'optimisation de la valorisation des digestats." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B067/document.
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La valorisation des déchets par digestion anaérobie conduit à la production d’un résidu, appelé digestat, qui est composé de la matière organique non biodégradée et présente une forte teneur en azote ammoniacal et organique. De par cette richesse en azote, les digestats présentent un intérêt grandissant pour la substitution aux engrais minéraux. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les transformations de l’azote en digestion anaérobie afin de prédire la qualité azotée des digestats. Cette compréhension des processus de transformation de l’azote ouvrira la possibilité de dimensionner et piloter le procédé de digestion anaérobie pour une substitution optimisée des engrais minéraux par les digestats. Pour cela, deux approches ont été développées: (i) une approche compréhensive centrée sur la compréhension de la bioaccessibilité de l’azote organique en lien avec sa biodégradabilité, et la compréhension des transformations de l’azote en digestion anaérobie en conditions de laboratoire et pilote; et ; (ii) une approche numérique où les processus identifiés ont été intégrés à des outils de modélisation à bases statistiques et biocinétiques permettant de prédire les propriétés azotées des digestats en fonction des cocktails de substrats et du temps de séjour dans le digesteurEnergetic recovery of waste by anaerobic digestion leads to the production of a residue called digestate, which is composed of non-biodegraded organic matter and has a high content of ammoniacal and organic nitrogen. Due to this high nitrogen content, digestates are growing interest for the substitution of mineral fertilizers. The objective of this thesis is to understand the transformations of nitrogen that occur during anaerobic digestion in order to predict the nitrogen quality of digestates. This understanding of nitrogen transformation processes will allows the design and management of anaerobic digestion plants aiming at the optimization of the substitution of mineral fertilizers by digestates. To this end, two approaches were used in this work: (i) an experiment approach focused on the understanding of the bioaccessibility of organic nitrogen in relation to its biodegradability, and the understanding of the transformations of nitrogen in anaerobic digestion under laboratory and pilot conditions; and; (ii) a numerical approach where previously developed knowledge has been integrated in statistical and biokinetic modeling tools to predict the nitrogen properties of digestates according to substrate cocktails and residence time in the digester
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JACOB, Sâmia Moreira. "Aplicação do modelo ADM1 na biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça para a produção de hidrogênio utilizando a plataforma EMSO." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/607.
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A produção brasileira de etanol atinge volumes superiores a 20 bilhões de litros ao ano, sendo que para cada litro de álcool produzido são gerados cerca de 13 litros de vinhaça, resíduo do processo de destilação para obtenção do etanol. Devido à alta concentração de carga orgânica desse resíduo, algumas propostas para destinação deste é o reaproveitamento dessa matéria por meio da fertirrigação, porém, esta atividade ao longo do tempo confere ao solo e aos mananciais próximos características indesejáveis. Considerando o grande volume de vinhaça produzido, é necessário que novas tecnologias tragam soluções e melhores resultados para o tratamento desse resíduo com alta carga orgânica. O tratamento anaeróbio da vinhaça vem demonstrando ser uma linha de tecnologia muito vantajosa entre as possíveis opções de tratamento. Além conseguir uma remoção aproximada de 50% da carga orgânica desse resíduo, há a geração de metano e hidrogênio, gases combustíveis que podem ser reaproveitados como energia no processo. Entendendo, portanto, essa necessidade, este estudo realizou a avaliação de um modelo cinético adaptado, tendo como base o ADM1, através da sua simulação na plataforma EMSO, analisando as variáveis e coeficientes que regem a cinética da fase acidogênica para a produção de hidrogênio. Nos modelos avaliados, para o reator em batelada foi possível verificar uma previsão da tendência das reações com o modelo, apresentando, para o consumo de substrato avaliado entre os dados do modelo e os dados experimentais um r² de 0,97. A produção de hidrogênio avaliada para o reator em batelada teve convergência com os resultados experimentais avaliados, apresentando r² de 0,95. Dessa forma, o modelo batelada conseguiu prever os dados experimentais ao longo do tempo. Para o modelo APBR, os dados modelados conseguiram convergir com a curva do modelo para os dados de pH, com variação média em 9% entre os valores. Não foi possível chegar a uma conclusão sobre o modelo conseguir descrever o comportamento do reator para a produção de hidrogênio e consumo de substrato, visto que os dados experimentais não apresentaram uma tendência, de qualquer forma, a variação entre os valores experimentais e modelados para as duas variáveis foi de 7%.The ethanol production in Brazil overtake volumes of 20 billion of litters per year and for each litter of alcohol is produced about 13 litter of vinasse, waste from distillation for alcohol production. Due the high charge of organic matter in this waste, some proposals for the destination of vinasse is the reuse of this in the fertigation, although this activity over time provide to soil and water sources nearby undesirable characteristics with respect to quality. Taking account the volume of produced vinasse, it´s necessary that new technology bring solutions and better results for the treatment of this waste with high charge of organic matter. The vinasse anaerobic treatment has been showing as an option of technology very advantageous among the other possibilities of treatment. The treatment gets about 50% of organic matter removal and also can produce hydrogen and methane, two combustion gases that have the possibility of them use as energy in the process. In this context, new studies for the feasibility and structuring of the factor and variables of the vinasse treatment process bring great benefits and readiness for the real application. Understanding, therefore, this requirement, the research realize an evaluation of a kinetic personalized model, based on ADM1, through the simulation in EMSO platform, finding the parameters and calibrating the variables e coefficients that takes the kinetics of acidogenic stage for the hydrogen production. In a model built for batch reactor, was possible to verify the preview of reaction’s tendency, showing, for the substrate uptake data, comparing between the experimental data and the model data a r² of 0,97. The hydrogen production evaluated for the batch reactor had a convergence with the experimental results, getting a r² of 0,95. In this way, the batch model could preview the experimental data over time. For APBR, the modified model results was able to converge with the experimental data for pH, with a variation of 9% between the values. It has not been possible to reach a conclusion if the model can describe the behavior of the reactor for hydrogen production and consumption of substrate, whereas the experimental data did not show a trend, anyway, the variation between experimental and modeled values for both variables was about 7%.
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Demitry, Morris Elya. "Anaerobic Digestion Process Stability and the Extension of the ADM1 for Municipal Sludge Co-Digested with Bakery Waste." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4945.
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Uncertainty about anaerobic digestion process stability is the main issue preventing more widespread use of the process as a source of energy recovery in wastewater treatment facilities. The overall objective of this research was to study the feasibility of enhancing biogas production inside wastewater facilities using co-digestion of municipal sludge with bakery waste. Another objective was to improve the stability index and a mathematical model that can be useful tools to predict the process stability of municipal sludge digestion alone, and when it is mixed with bakery waste, as a substrate for microorganisms.
Experiments were conducted in three phases. In phase 1, a full-scale anaerobic digester at Central Weber Sewer Improvement District, Ogden, UT, receiving a mixture of primary and secondary sludge, was monitored for one hundred days. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), and volatile solids (VS) mass balances were conducted to evaluate the stability of the digester and its capability of producing methane gas. The COD mass balance accounted for nearly 90% of the methane gas produced while the VS mass balance showed that 91% of the organic matter removed resulted in biogas formation. Other parameters monitored included: pH, alkalinity, VFA, and propionic acid. The values of these parameters showed that the digester was running under stable steady state conditions. At mesophilic temperature, the stability index was determined and equal to 0.40 L (CH4)/ g(ΔVS)
In phase 2, the feasibility of adding BW to MS was tested in batch reactors scale. The biogas production was enhanced and the digester was stable until the range of 37- 40% of BW to 63-60% of MS. The ADM1 coefficients were modified to accurately predict the digester performance. The modified model outputs (pH, VFA, and methane) were within acceptable ranges when compared with the observed data from the batch reactors.
In phase 3, the feasibility of MS and BW were tested using an Induced Bed Reactor (IBR) with a 50:50% ratio of MS:BW (COD basis). The process was stable during different hydraulic retention times and the ADM1 was modified to predict the stability of the process in the IBR.
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Poggio, Davide Antonio. "Modification and experimental calibration of ADM1 for modelling the anaerobic digestion of solid wastes in demand driven applications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13299/.
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This thesis is an exploration into the modelling of anaerobic digestion (AD) with a focus on its integration into a microgrid for rural electrification. The work investigated the improvement of Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 (ADM1) in order to better describe the kinetics of biogas production in an AD system with particular focus on substrate characterisation, codigestion and the mechanisms of inhibition. The resulting model was used to investigate the possible role of AD in microgrid systems. A novel biochemical and kinetic fractionation method was developed in order to fully characterise any substrate and produce the required input parameters into the a modified version of ADM1. The method uses a combination of analytical and digestion batch tests and was applied to food waste, green waste, pig manure and oat processing residues. The fractionation method was validated using measurements from semi-continuous laboratory scale digesters, operated with varying substrate combinations and loading rates. The model was able to suitably predict the methane production rate and the typical off-line measurements in AD systems, except during periods of high organic loading rate where biochemical inhibition became an important phenomenon. Possible inhibiting mechanisms were investigated by model based analysis of the experimental data characterised by inhibition, and a possible inhibition mechanism was proposed and integrated in the ADM1 model. Microgrid modelling software HOMER was used alongside the updated version of ADM1 in order to perform a benchmark of various operational and control strategies for the demand-driven operation of an AD system integrated in a microgrid. Different biogas demand profiles were considered. In the case of a biogas demand profile with low variability it was found that simple operational strategies could be used, with limited required biogas storage buffer and without causing process instabilities. With more variable demand profiles, an expert control system was needed in order to reduce the biogas storage requirements and guarantee process stability.
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Silva, Carlos Eduardo Pereira Mendes da. "Modelagem matemática e simulação da remoção simultânea de carbono e nitrogênio em reator anaeróbico-anóxico: uma aplicação do ADM1." Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola Politécnica, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19400.
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Esta tese tem como objetivo principal avaliar a remoção simultânea de carbono e nitrogênio (RSCN) em reator anaerobio-anoxico por meio da modelagem matem atica e simulação. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa, o Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) foi implementado no software Matlab/Simulink e ajustado aos dados experimentais obtidos a partir de um digestor anaerobio utilizado para estabilizaçãao do lodo de esgoto doméstico. Os resultados mostram uma boa concordãncia entre os dados experimentais e os simulados para as concentraçãao de propionato, acetato, produção e composição de biogás e pH, corroborando a potencialidade de utilização do modelo para prever o comportamento dos processos biológicos de digestão anaerobia. Na segunda etapa, foi desenvolvida uma extensão do ADM1 incluindo o processo de desnitricação, para simular o efeito do tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) e da relação DQO/NO 3 na RSCN em um reator anaerobio-anoxico tratando aguas residuárias doméstica. O modelo foi calibrado com dados experimentais previamente publicados e obtidos a partir de ensaios em bateladas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em reatores operados em bateladas, alimentados com substrato sintético (1500mg DQO.L1) e inoculados com lodo oculento (500 mg SSV.L1) proveniente de um reator UASB. Diferentes concentrações de nitrato de potássio foram adicionadas nos reatores a m de obter relações de DQO/NO 3 de 40 e 150, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas simulações para avaliar a RSCN em um reator anaer obio-an oxico operado em regime contínuo considerando 6 cenários diferentes. Os cenários propostos foram baseados na caracterização afluente típica de águas residuárias doméstica. O modelo foi calibrado satisfatoriamente e os resultados simulados revelaram que o melhor cenário para ocorrência da RSCN foi com a relação DQO/NO3 e TDH iguais a 10 e 15 horas, respectivamente. Por m na terceira etapa, o modelo ADM1 foi adaptado para avaliar a RSCN em um reator anaerobio-anoxico tratando aguas residuárias sintética simulando efluente de processamento de pescado. O modelo foi calibrado e validado a partir de dados experimentais obtidos em ensaios em bateladas. Os resultados simulados mostraram boa aderência aos dados experimentais, com um erro médio absoluto variando entre 15 e 38% na calibração e 19 e 36% na validação. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa mostraram que as adaptações do ADM1 para RSCN de águas residuárias de origens doméstica e de processamento de pescado podem ser utilizadas como uma ferramenta para melhor compreensão da RSCN, permitindo a definição de melhores condições de operação e processo.
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Lundwall, Ted. "Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludges: A pilot scale evaluation with model assistance." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301609.
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I takt med att städerna växer ökar belastningen på de kommunala avloppsreningsverken. Käppalaförbundet förutspår att antalet anslutna personekvivalenter till Käppalaverket kommer att öka med över 160 % under de kommande tre decennierna. En ökad belastning leder till en större mängd slam som måste behandlas. Detta görs idag med stabilisering genom mesofil rötning samt efterföljande avvattning och hygienisering. Samtidigt finns ett behov av hållbara energikällor i samhället, dit avloppsreningsverken bidrar genom tillhandahålla energirik biogas som biprodukt från rötningen. Utrötningsgraden är beroende av slammets uppehållstid i rötkammaren och uppehållstiden kommer att bli kortare i takt med att belastningen ökar. Termofil rötning har identifierats som ett möjligt alternativ till inköp av ytterligare rötkammarvolym då metoden har rapporterats ge en snabbare stabilisering och därmed ett likvärdig resultat med kortare uppehållstid. Dessutom finns indikationer för att termofil rötning kan producera en större mängd biogas per enhet organiskt material i jämförelse med mesofil rötning. För att utreda huruvida Käppalaförbundet kan åtnjuta dessa fördelar har ett termofilt rötningsförsök bedrivits i pilotskala. Pilotanläggningen bestod av en 5 m³ rötkammare som matades semikontinuerligt med 65 mass% primärslam och 35 mass% överskottsslam. Försöket inleddes med en temperaturövergång från en mesofil ymp till termofila betingelser, följt av att processen tilläts acklimatisera. Processen drevs därefter under tre uppehållstider med en längd på 18 dygn vardera. Samtliga driftparametrar härleddes i den mån det var möjligt från fullskalig slambehandling på Käppalaverket. De experimentella resultaten jämfördes med simuleringsresultat baserade på den matematiska modellen Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. Temperaturövergången och acklimatiseringen utfördes med framgång. Vid referensbelastningen var utrötningsgraden 54.4 % och den specifika metanproduktionen var 0.221 Nm3 CH4/kgVS, vilket var otillräckligt för att överträffa den mesofila, fullskaliga processen. Försöket indikerade att proteiner bryts ned lättare i en termofil process. Vidare observerades avtagande processtabilitet och försämrade avvattningsegenskaper hos rötresten.As cities grow, the load on the municipal wastewater treatment plants increases. The Käppala Association predicts that the number of population equivalents connected to the Käppala Wastewater Treatment Plant will increase by over 160 % in the coming three decades. An increased load leads to a larger amount of sludge that must be treated. This is done today with stabilization through mesophilic anaerobic digestion and subsequent dewatering and hygienization. At the same time, there is a need for sustainable energy sources in society, to which wastewater treatment plants contribute by providing energy-rich biogas as a by-product from the anaerobic digestion. The degree of digestion is dependent on the retention time of the sludge in the digester and the retention time will become shorter as the load increases. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion has been identified as a possible alternative to the investment of additional digester volume as the method has been reported to provide a faster stabilization and thus an equivalent result with a shorter retention time. In addition, there are indications that thermophilic anaerobic digestion is able to produce a larger amount of biogas per unit of organic material in comparison with mesophilic anaerobic digestion. To evaluate whether the Käppala Association can enjoy these benefits, a thermophilic anaerobic digestion experiment has been conducted on a pilot scale. The pilot plant included a 5 m³ digester which was fed semi-continuously with 65 mass% primary sludge and 35 mass% waste activated sludge. The experiment began with a temperature transition from a mesophilic inoculum to thermophilic conditions, followed by allowing the process to acclimatize. The process was operated thereafter for three retention times with a length of 18 days each. All process parameters were derived as far as possible from the full-scale sludge treatment at Käppala Wastewater Treatment Plant. The experimental results were compared with simulation results based on the mathematical model Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. The temperature transition and acclimatization was performed successfully. At reference load, the degree of digestion was 54.4 % and specific methane production was 0.221 Nm3 CH4/kgVS, which was not enough to overcome the mesophilic full-scale process. Indications pointed towards proteins being more easily digested in a thermophilic process. Furthermore, deteriorating process stability and dewaterability of the digestate was observed.
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Schlattmann, Markus Verfasser], Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] [Auernhammer, Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Bernhardt, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Horn. "Weiterentwicklung des „Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1)“ zur Anwendung auf landwirtschaftliche Substrate / Markus Schlattmann. Gutachter: Heinz Bernhardt ; Harald Horn. Betreuer: Hermann Auernhammer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015029957/34.
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Muth, Karen. "Modellgestütztes Monitoring von Störungen der Prozessbiologie in Biogasanlagen." Eigenverlag des Forums für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31869.
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Der Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien hat seit 2000, durch die Einführung des Erneuerbaren Energien Gesetzes, auch im Bereich Biomasse zu einem stetigen Ausbau von Biogasanlagen geführt. Seit ca. 2014 stagniert der Ausbau, aufgrund einer Neuauflage des EEGs, in dem einige Subventionierungen wegfallen. Aus diesem Grund liegt der Fokus momentan u.a. auf der Optimierung von Biogasanlagen und der Minimierung von Störungen (Über- oder Unterfütterung, Temperaturschwankungen, Rührwerksausfall, etc.).
Eines dieser Störfaktoren ist der Mangel von Spurenelementen, der häufig beim Einsatz von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen auftritt. Häufig führt dieser Mangel zu einem niedrigen pH-Wert, einem hohem FOS/TAC Verhältnis sowie einer reduzierten Methanausbeute. Bleibt solch ein Mangel unentdeckt, kann es zu einem vollständigen Prozessabsturz innerhalb der Biogasanlage kommen.
Die mathematische Beschreibung von anaeroben Prozessen erfolgt bereits seit ca. 40 Jahren und bildet den Biogasprozess mittlerweile sehr gut ab, sodass auf einige Störfaktoren rückgeschlossen werden kann. Durch eine Vielzahl existierender Modelle hat die IWA Task Group ein allgemeingültiges Modell zum anaeroben Abbau entwickelt, das Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (Batstone et al. 2002). Aufbauend auf dem ADM1 sind weitere Modell-erweiterungen entwickelt worden. Eine Übersicht über diese Modelle ist in (Donoso-Bravo et al. 2011) zu finden. Bisher gibt es allerdings noch keinen Modellansatz zur Beschreibung der Spurenelemente innerhalb des ADM1 bzw. dessen Erweiterungen.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss der Spurenelemente auf den Biogasprozess, insbesondere im Falle einer Mangelsituation. Dabei gab es zwei Hauptziele. Das erste Hauptziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war eine mathematische Beschreibung der Umwandlungsprozesse von Spurenelemente sowie deren unterschiedliche Bindungsformen bereitzustellen. Diese Beschreibung sollte als Modellerweiterung an ein vorhandenes Modell zum anaeroben Abbau angebunden werden. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells sollte sowohl der Konzentrationsverlauf als auch die durch die Spurenelemente verursachten Auswirkungen auf den Biogasprozess abgebildet werden. Das zweite Hauptziel war die Validierung des Modells durch parallel durchgeführte Laborversuche an Reaktoren zur Untersuchung des Spurenelementmangels.
Mit Hilfe der Laborversuche sind die Auswirkungen eines Spurenelementmangels nachgewiesen worden. Dabei zeigte sich nach ca. 3 Monaten Laufzeit ein reduzierter pH-Wert, ein ansteigendes FOS/TAC Verhältnis sowie eine verzögerte Biogasproduktion. Ein vollständig stabiler Prozess hat sich erst durch die Zugabe aller Spurenelemente wieder eingestellt. Gleichzeitig hat die erneute Zugabe der Spurenelemente in die Testreihen nach dem Mangel zu einer starken Schaumbildung geführt.
Die mathematische Beschreibung der Umwandlungsprozesse von Spurenelemente erfolgt als eigenständiges Modell und kann an beliebige Modellansätze integriert werden. In der Arbeit ist dafür das ADM1da ausgewählt worden, um eine Beschreibung der anaeroben Prozesse zu integrieren. Gleichzeitig beinhaltet das ADM1da die Beschreibung von Mischsubstraten, sodass mit dem entwickelten Modellansatz zu jedem Substrat die spezifische Spurenelementkonzentration angegeben werden kann.
Das neu entwickelte Modell beinhaltet drei wesentliche Schritte: (1) den Abbau des Substrates, indem die Spurenelemente gebunden sind, (2) die Freisetzung der Spurenelemente in den Gärschlamm und (3) die Umwandlung der einzelnen Spurenelement-Bindungsformen untereinander. Dabei sind in dem Modellansatz vier Fraktionen bezüglich der Spurenelemente integriert: (a) freie (bioverfügbare) bzw. leicht gebundene Ionen, (b) adsorbierte Ionen, (c) in Biomasse gebundene SE und (d) ausgefällte SE. Die Beschreibung einzelner Reaktionen sowie die Umwandlungen innerhalb der verschiedenen Fraktionen erfolgt über die Petersen-Matrix.:Danksagung I
Inhaltsverzeichnis II
Abbildungsverzeichnis IV
Tabellenverzeichnis IX
Abkürzungsverzeichnis XI
1 Einleitung 1
2 Kenntnisstand 4
2.1 Allgemeiner Aufbau Biogasanlagen 4
2.2 Grundlagen des anaeroben Abbaus 6
2.2.1 Biologische und chemische Prozesse 7
2.2.2 Einflussfaktoren 10
2.3 Spurenelemente 14
2.3.1 Bedarf und Folgen auf den Gärprozess 14
2.3.2 Bioverfügbarkeit von Spurenelementen 16
2.3.3 Quellen – Substrate und Zuschlagstoffe 17
2.4 Anaerobmodelle 18
2.4.1 Allgemein 18
2.4.2 ADM1 – mathematische Beschreibung der wichtigsten Prozesse 20
2.4.3 Weiterentwicklungen des ADM1 Modells 22
2.4.4 Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten am ADM1 Modell 24
2.4.5 Modellierung der Spurenelemente 26
3 Wissenschaftliche und experimentelle Methodik 29
3.1 Versuchsanlage 29
3.2 Versuchsdurchführung 31
3.3 Analysemethoden/Messtechnik 35
4 Auswertung und Diskussion der Laborversuche 38
4.1 Substratzugabe 38
4.2 Kontrollreihe 39
4.3 Testreihen mit Mangel an Spurenelementen 45
4.4 Spurenelementkonzentration innerhalb der Reaktoren 60
4.5 Test auf Signifikanz 64
5 Modellierung des Biogasprozesses unter Berücksichtigung der Spurenelemente 70
5.1 Mathematische Beschreibung des entwickelten Modellansatzes 70
5.2 Anknüpfung an das ADM1da 77
5.3 Programmtechnische Umsetzung/Implementierung 79
5.4 Anwendung des Modells anhand einer Biogasanlage 80
5.4.1 Simulation der Biogasanlage 80
5.4.2 Monovergärung von Maissilage 84
5.4.3 Substratmix zur Vermeidung eines Mangels 88
5.5 Anwendung des Modells anhand des Laborreaktors 93
5.5.1 Vergleich der Simulations- und Messdaten der Kontrollreihe 96
5.5.2 Vergleich der Simulations- und Messdaten der Testreihe 103
6 Zusammenfassung 122
7 Literaturverzeichnis 129
8 Anhang 138
8.1 Laborergebnisse Testreihe 138
8.1.1 Biogasmenge 139
8.2 Boxplot 140
8.2.1 Mangelphase 140
8.2.2 Rückführphase 141
8.3 Massenbilanzen 141
8.4 Vergleich Simulation/Messdaten – Kontrollreihe 142
8.4.1 pH-Wert 142
8.4.2 Biogasmenge 143
8.4.3 Methangehalt 143
8.5 Vergleich Simulation/Messung Testreihe 144
8.5.1 Spurenelemente 144
8.5.2 pH-Wert 146
8.5.3 FOS/TAC Verhältnis 147
8.5.4 Biogasmenge 148
8.5.5 Methangehalt 149
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Raud, Pettersson Laura. "Mathematical Modelling of Reversed Sulfur Reduction in Microaerobic Biofilm." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278841.
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Lo, Piccolo Salvatore. "La digestione anaerobica dei fanghi prodotti dal depuratore di Savignano sul Rubicone: elaborazione dei dati sperimentali di impianto e simulazione del processo tramite il modello ADM1." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
Nel presente lavoro di tesi è stata analizzata la digestione anaerobica dei fanghi di depurazione prodotti nell'impianto di Savignano sul Rubicone. Sono state effettuate delle analisi sullo stato di fatto dell'impianto per inquadrare il funzionamento del sistema, poi è stato modellizzato il comportamento della digestione tramite il modello ADM1 implementato in AQUASIM e in fine sono state proposte delle modifiche per ottimizzare le prestazione della digestione anaerobica dell'impianto e sono state simulate le prestazioni dell'impianto in condizioni di progetto.
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Sonesson, Mats. "Methane yeilds from anaerobic digestion of food waste : Variation of load, retention time and waste composition in simulating methane yeilds, using the "Anaerobic digestion model no.1" (ADM1)." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28693.
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High demands for renewable energy sources are increasingly making methane gas from biogas facilities more interesting and profitable.When designing biogas facilities, engineers often have a limited set of data to work with. It is often too expensive and time consuming to examine the behavior of the anaerobic processes depending on some key operational parameters, such as the organic loading rate the reactor retention time and the waste composition. The purpose of this thesis is to use the “Anaerobic Digestion Model no.1”, a well-known mathematical description of the biogas process describing the 24 most important biochemical reactions in the anaerobic process, to investigate how different parameters in the model affect methane production. The focus of this thesis is methane production from food waste. The thesis also aims to describe if, and how, researchers can use relatively simple methods and data from literature in calibrating the model and if such a calibration can correlate with production data from a large scale biogas facility, which digests food waste. The biogas reactors which are investigated operate under mesophilic temperatures (≈35⁰C). A model was implemented in Matlab® code and a mathematical extension was also brought to the default model to take into account the detrimental effects on methane production from volatile fatty acids. The model used correlates well with lab scale data. Steady state comparisons between the production data from a large scale food waste degrading reactor was also made, and model predictions were very close to those of the acquired values.Results also show a potential in increasing the reactor load and allowing a shorter retention time without much loss in methane production. This may show that important cost reductions relating to reactor size can be achieved. This, however, needs to be investigated further since the model has been calibrated for loads that are unreasonably high for industrial applications.
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Ndeba, Nganongo Lionnel Neddy Aymar. "Process simulation for a small-scale poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2886.
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Thesis (Master of Environmental Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Fresh water is a renewable resource, but it is also finite, especially given environmental impacts from anthropogenic activities. Globally, there are countless signs that untreated industrial discharge into fresh watercourses is one of the main causes of ecosystem degradation. Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) amongst the main pollutants of fresh water sources. In recent years, the world’s pre-eminent researchers have developed innovative wastewater treatment processes to treat the large quantity of wastewater generated as well as to manage the environmental health concerns arising from PSW discharged into the environment. Furthermore, increasing wastewater treatment capital costs and the implementation of increasingly rigorous government legislation to mitigate environmental pollution whilst minimizing fresh water source contamination, requires that wastewater such as PSW, be adequately treated prior to discharge. In order to assist the small-scale poultry producers in South Africa (SA), process simulation for a small-scale poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant was proposed using Sumo Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) simulation software. Sumo is an innovative and most versatile wastewater simulation package on the market. The simulator is capable of modelling treatment plants of unlimited complexity, focusing largely on Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and phosphorus removal; with digester, and side streams design options, being available. Considering the possible advantages in modelling and ongoing studies of implementing wastewater treatment to increase water management, anaerobic digestion of high strength wastewater such as PSW, warranted this research study. Model development from the simulation included the evaluation of numerous design options to assist small scale poultry producers, to have a variety of designs to choose from in their PSW WWTP designs. With the aid of Sumo, two models were designed in this study, namely a single-stage and a two-stage anaerobic digestion without a recycle. The PSW used as feed was obtained from a local poultry slaughterhouse (Western Cape, South Africa). Both model designs predicted the reduction of the organic matter (COD, BOD5) total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the PSW. The digester for the single stage anaerobic digestion system modelled was set to operate at steady state for 150 days under mesophilic temperature (35 ˚C) with a solid retention time (SRT) of 25 days. The COD, TSS, VSS and BOD removal efficiencies reached a maximum of 64%, 77%, 84%, and 94%, respectively, at an organic load rate (OLR) of 143.6 mg COD/L/day. A minute increase in the ammonia (NH3) and phosphate (PO3- 4) concentration was observed once the simulation was completed. As for the two-stage anaerobic digestion system, both digesters were set to perform at mesophilic temperatures (35 ˚C) and a SRT of 13 days in the first digester and 25 days in the subsequent digester. The two-stage anaerobic digestion showed better performance in comparison to the single-stage anaerobic digestion system. The COD, TSS, VSS and BOD5 removal efficiencies reached a maximum of 69%, 79%, 85%, and 96%, respectively, at an at an OLR of 143.6 mg COD/L/day. A similar trend regarding phosphate and ammonia removal was noticed in the two-stage anaerobic digestion, suggesting a tertiary treatment system to be in place for further treatment. Although, the two-stage anaerobic digestion demonstrated adequate performance, for the purpose of this study, the single-stage was the process recommended for PSW treatment, as it is less costly and will be suitable for small scale poultry producers; albeit biogas production is much higher when digesters are connected in series. The PSW treatment modelling for this study was successfully employed with the resultant effluent being compliant with the City of Cape Town (CCT) wastewater and industrial effluent by-law discharge limits. Although, both the PO3- 4 and NH3 were suggested to require further monitoring. Therefore, the poultry slaughterhouse from which the PSW was obtained will be able to safely discharge the treated wastewater proposed in this research into local water bodies, i.e. rivers in the Western Cape, SA; however, the treated PSW will not be suitable for re-use as process water.
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Wang, Shizhong. "Application et modélisation mathématique du réacteur anaérobie à biofilm à lit mobile au traitement du perméate du lait." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS025.
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Le réacteur anaérobie à biofilm sur lit mobile (anaérobie moving bed biofilm reactor, AMBBR) est une application prolongée de réacteur traditionnel à lit mobile aérobie. Cependant, aucune application d'AMBBR n'a été reportée pour traiter les effluents de laiterie. Les principales conclusions sont :1) Il a été montré que pour les faibles charges organiques, la qualité d'effluent a été principalement attribuée aux concentrations en boue libres et que c'est aux charges élevées que I' AMBBR prends tou te son importance. 2) L' AMBBR permet de traiter les eaux usées des laiteries chargées en perméat. Les résultats ont indiqué que I'AMBBR a mieux fonctionné en mésophilie qu'en psychrophilie. Il a montré des performances comprarables à d'autres technologies de digesteur. Des analyses des cinétiques ont permis d'évaluer les performances de l'AMBBR. Le coefficient de rendement de méthane, le coefficient de maintenance (entretient) des cellules et le taux d'utilisation maximum du substrat ont été déterminés pour I'AMBBR. 3) Un modèle mathématique d'AMBBR a été développé la première fois et valide. . Ce modèle pourrait aussi être utilisé pour la conduite de I' AMBBRAnaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AMBBR) possess satisfying performance in wastewater treatment. However, no implementation of AMBBR in treating dairy wastewater has ever been reported. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the operational parameters of AMBBR. Subsequently, the performance of AMBBR in treating milk permeate wastewaters (COD up to 70 g. 1-1) were studied and simulated by a mathematical model. Main conclusions are drawn as below : 1) Operational parameters had obvious impacts on AMBBR performance. AMBBR was efficient in treating milk permeate wastewaters. Results indicated that AMBBR worked better under mesophilic condition in treating high strength milk permeate wastewaters. It possessed satisfying performance which was comparative to other digester technologies; 2) Kinetic analysis is efficient in assessing the capability of AMBBR. It could be à simple and efficient measure for the assessment and prediction of AMBBR performance when mathematical modeling is not available. 3) a mathematical model of AMBBR was first developed and well validated. The AMBBR model was developed based on the ADMI (Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1) and other biofllm reactor models. The idea of model development could be referred to when carrying out modeling research on other biofilm reactors
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Maharaj, Bikash Chandra. "Based mathematical models for assessing the effect of trace elements dynamics on solid waste anaerobic digestion." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2039.
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La digestion anaérobie (MA) est l’un des processus métaboliques les plus riches en oligoéléments (TE) en biologie. En effet, les TE sont des composants structuraux importants de diverses enzymes dans le processus AD. Le rôle et le devenir des TE (Fe, Ni et Co) dans l’AD est mal compris en raison de leur biogéochimie complexe. La faible limite de détection des instruments d’analyse et le temps et la nature exigeante des procédures expérimentales sont des obstacles majeurs à la quantification des TE dans la MA. Dans cette thèse, trois modèles mathématiques distincts basés sur l’ADM1 ont été développés pour simuler la dynamique des TE et le profil de spéciation dans un réacteur AD. En particulier, un modèle de précipitation/dissolution TE, un modèle de complexation TE et un modèle d’adsorption TE ont été développés progressivement pour prédire l’effet, le rôle et le devenir (...)Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most trace element (TE) rich metabolic processes in biology. Indeed, TEs are important structural components of various enzymes in the AD process. The role and fate of TEs (Fe, Ni and Co) in AD is poorly understood due to their complex biogeochemistry. The low detection limit of analytical instruments and the time consuming and challenging nature of the experimental procedures are major obstacles to the quantification of TEs in AD. In this thesis, three separate mathematical models based ADM1 have been developed to simulate the TEs dynamics and speciation pattern in an AD reactor. In particular, a TE precipitation/dissolution model, a TE complexation model and a TE adsorption model have been progressively developed to predict the effect, role and fate of TEs in an AD batch system. In all the models the extent of microbial activity in the AD process is a function of the free TE concentration in the liquid phase, which is in equilibrium with the physicochemistry of the AD reactor. The precipitation/dissolution model considers the interactions of TEs with inorganic carbon (e.g. HCO3- and CO32-), phosphorous (e.g. PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-) and sulfur (e.g. HS- and S2-) components. New chemical equilibrium acid-base and precipitation reactions have been implemented to study the interactions of Fe, Ni, Co with carbonate, phosphate and sulfide components. The effects of deficiency, stimulation, inhibition and toxicity of TEs on microbial activity have been modelled based on a hormesis type TE dose-response inhibition function. The microbial uptake of TE and the TE inhibition on special microbial activities have been defined as well. Release of TEs as a disintegration product has been also considered to account for the TE content of the organic substrate. Model scenarios have been simulated to analyze the dynamics of TEs, starvation of TEs and the effect of initial sulfur-phosphorus ratio. In the complexation model, the interactions of TEs with organic chelators have been predicted. TE complexation reactions with VFAs and EDTA have been incorporated in the extended ADM1 model in addition to TE precipitation/dissolution processes. New acid-base chemical equilibrium reactions have been incorporated to model the dynamics of EDTA species. Complexation process rates have been defined as well. The model is able to quantify the effect of EDTA/VFA -TE complexation on methane production. Further, effect of initial Ca and Mg concentration on TE complexation has been predicted in a separate modeling scenario. Finally, a general framework able to take into account the precipitation/dissolution and complexation reactions, as well as the interaction of TEs with various surfaces available in the AD system has been developed. The model tracks the TEs dynamics in a batch anaerobic digester and as an extension of the previous contributions, incorporates the adsorption reactions of TEs with biomass, inert and precipitate (FeS). The concepts of free and occupied binding sites, and binding site density for the various surfaces have been incorporated into the model. Simulation scenarios were able to predict the effect of various organic matter concentrations, initial TE concentrations, initial Ca-Mg concentrations, initial EDTA concentrations and change in TE binding site density for biomass, inert and precipitate on cumulative methane production and TE speciation
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Ramirez, Rivas Iván Dario. "Modélisation de la diversité microbienne dans les procédés de digestion anaérobie." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20236.
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Le XXIème siècle sera pour l'Homme le siècle de grands enjeux environnementaux tels que l'amélioration de l'accès à une eau potable, la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et le développement de nouvelles sources d'énergie afin de substituer les énergies fossiles. Une source d'énergie renouvelable très prometteuse est la production de biogaz à partir de déchets organiques. De plus, une étude technico-économique des filières de production de méthane et de biohydrogène a permis de démontrer les avantages d'un procédé en deux étapes (H2+CH4) comparé à un procédé classique en une étape (CH4). Cependant, la viabilité économique des unités de production de biogaz dépend fortement des encouragements réalisés par les pouvoirs politiques en faveur de cette nouvelle source d'énergie. Il est donc nécessaire d'élaborer des méthodes d'optimisation de la production de biogaz pour améliorer la viabilité économique de ces procédés. Le suivi et le contrôle avancé des procédés est une méthode capable d'optimiser les performances et donc le gain économique des unités de production. Cette technique nécessite de concevoir des modèles mathématiques appropriés, intégrant les processus biologiques présents au sein du réacteur. En effet, les études expérimentales ont montré que la structure et la diversité des communautés microbiennes peuvent influencer le fonctionnement du réacteur, mais elles peuvent aussi être influencées par les conditions opératoires du procédé. Ainsi, les modèles mathématiques doivent décrire de façon plus détaillée la biodiversité de ces systèmes afin de mieux représenter les phénomènes existants. Notre étude a permis de mettre en évidence ces relations à travers le modèle ADM1 modifié, qui est capable de décrire la diversité microbienne entre les micro-organismes d'un même groupe fonctionnel. Le modèle développé a été utilisé pour estimer la relation entre les performances du réacteur et la structure des communautés microbiennes dans différentes conditions : utilisation de différentes configurations de réacteurs, différents substrats d'alimentation, différentes charges d'alimentation, en fonctionnement normal et en présence de perturbations. Etant donné que les systèmes industriels sont bien souvent plus contrôlables que les écosystèmes grandeur nature, et parce que les parallèles entre les environnements industriels et les autres écosystèmes existent, nous démontrons dans ce travail qu'il est possible de les utiliser afin d'élucider certaines interrogations de l'écologie encore non résoluesThis new century addresses several environmental challenges among which distribution of drinking water, global warming and availability of new in substitution of fossil fuels are of the most importance. Among other renewable sources, biogas production from wastes is particularly interesting. Moreover, a techno-economical comparison demonstrated the benefits of a two-step process (H2+CH4) compared to the classical one-step methane production. Economic evaluation of biogas plants has revealed that many plants can only survive economically if special incentives are applied. Nowadays, it is thus necessary to find ways to optimize the biogas production in order to make biogas plants economically viable with decreased or no subsidies. Optimization of the biogas process by advanced monitoring and control can undoubtedly lead to better economy. Such strategies require, in general, the development of appropriate mathematical models, which adequately represent the main biological processes that take place. Moreover, experimental evidence is available suggesting that the structure and properties of a microbial community may be influenced by process operation and on their turn also determine the reactor functioning. In order to adequately describe these phenomena, more detailed microbial diversity should be taken up in mathematical models. This was demonstrated in this work by extending the ADM1 model to describe microbial diversity between organisms of the same functional group. The developed model was further shown useful in assessing the relationship between reactor performance and microbial community structure in different conditions: difference in reactor configurations, influents and load regimes, both in normal and abnormal situations. As engineered systems are often more manageable than large-scale ecosystems, and because parallels between engineered environments and other ecosystems exist, we showed in this work that the former was used to elucidate some unresolved microbial ecological issues
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Amin, Parth Hitenbhai, and Parth Amin. "Adducins are Negative Regulators of Migration and Invasion of Normal Lung Epithelial Cells and Lung Cancer Cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4401.
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Cell migration is an important component of many physiological and pathological processes such as tissue and organ morphogenesis during development, wound healing, inflammatory immune response, and tumor metastasis. The actin cytoskeleton is the basic engine driving cell migration. In the present study, we elucidate the role of an important actin interacting proteins, Adducins, in motility of normal lung epithelium and lung cancer cells. Adducins are the family of cytoskeleton protein capping the fast growing end and facilitating the bundling of actin filaments. Adducins are encoded by the three closely related genes namely alpha (ADD1), beta (ADD2) and gamma (ADD3) Adducin. ADD1 and ADD3 are ubiquitously expressed, whereas ADD2 is most abundant in brain and erythrocytes. Adducins are also involved in recruiting spectrin to the actin filaments forming spectrin-actin membrane skeletal network. Its role in cell motility remains controversial. In this study, we observed that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated stable knockout of ADD1 and ADD3 in 16HBE normal lung epithelium cells significantly increases transfilter migration of cells. On the other hand, stable overexpression of ADD1 in H1299 Non-Small Cell lung cancer cells significantly decreases wound healing, transfilter migration and Matrigel invasion of the cells. Importantly, the effects of Adducin depletion and overexpression on cell motility were not due to altered cell proliferation. ADD1 overexpressed H1299 cells were characterized by the increased adhesion and spreading on the collagen matrix. Fluorescence microscopy revealed alterations in their cortical actin cytoskeleton that was manifested in the assembly of peripheral F-actin bundles and formation of filopodia-like protrusions. These findings suggest that Adducins are negative regulators of motility of normal lung epithelial and lung cancer cells that act by altering the architecture of submembranous actin cytoskeleton and modulating cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
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Tejkl, Jakub. "Trvanlivost destiček ADMX při frézování materiálů skupiny S." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231383.
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This diploma thesis studies the machining of group S materials. In the theoretical part of this thesis these materials were divided into groups and subsequently analyzed. These materials were also analyzed in terms of their impaired machinability. In the practical part of this thesis experimental tests were conducted to determine tool life, tool wear and in the case of testing titanium alloy surface roughness too.
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Iannone, Lucio. "ADMA metabolism and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertenstion." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24911.
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Rationale: Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels contribute to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Chronic hypoxia decreases the activity of the enzymes metabolising ADMA, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAH1 and DDAH2) but the mechanisms responsible are not understood. Objective: To elucidate the physiological significance and the mechanism of hypoxia-induced downregulation of ADMA metabolism. Methods and Results: Exposure of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to hypoxia inhibited both DDAH1 and DDAH2 gene and protein expression, reduced DDAH activity and increased ADMA levels. In contrast, in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) only DDAH2 was reduced while ADMA levels remained unchanged. This endothelium-specific regulation of DDAH1 and ADMA resulted from NFκB-dependent, microRNA-21 (miR-21)-mediated degradation of DDAH1 mRNA. Down regulation of DDAH1 activity contributed to hypoxia-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and HPASMC proliferation and was prevented by overexpression of DDAH1 and miR-21 blockade. Conversely, overexpression of miR-21 mimicked the effects of hypoxia. DDAH1 overexpressing transgenic mice exposed to 2 weeks hypoxia, showed attenuated pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodelling, compared with wildtype controls. Importantly, inhibition of miR21 in vivo prevented the hypoxia-induced reduction in pulmonary DDAH1 expression and attenuated the development of pulmonary hypertension. Lung tissue samples from hypoxic mice and treatment-naïve IPAH patients also showed reduced DDAH1 expression and increased miR-21 levels, compared with controls. Conclusion: Down regulation of DDAH1 expression by miR-21 in the pulmonary vascular endothelium has a key role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and may be of broader significance in pulmonary hypertension.
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Jones, Rheinallt M. "The catabolism of aromatic esters by Acinetobacter sp. ADP1." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322563.
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Tomlinson, James. "The role of DDAH and ADMA in kidney disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24541.
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and elevated plasma levels associate with poor cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase enzymes (DDAHs; 1 and 2) metabolise ADMA. A DDAH1 gene variant associates with higher kidney tissue mRNA expression, lower plasma ADMA but counter-intuitively, a steeper rate of eGFR decline. This indicates that renal DDAH1 activity may be deleterious and circulating ADMA does not necessarily reflect the NO-ADMA balance (or severity of disease) within kidney tissue. This study tests the hypothesis that reduced renal DDAH1 activity protects against the progression of kidney function decline, independent of circulating ADMA. Renal DDAH1 expression predominates within the proximal tubule. A novel proximal tubule-specific DDAH1 knock-out (PTD1KO) mouse was developed, which demonstrated tubule-specific dysregulation of ADMA and NO that was not evident systemically. Phenotyping studies in PTD1KO mice did not identify consistent alterations of urinary biochemistry at baseline or after salt loading, however, proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations of urinary peptides at baseline; including down-regulation of uromodulin and collagen. At 12 weeks following folate renal injury, the PTD1KO mouse exhibited less kidney function decline, collagen deposition and pro-fibrotic gene expression (Col12alpha, TGFbeta and ET-1) than controls. Furthermore, ADMA and DDAH1 inhibition reduced tubular sodium and fluid reabsorption in rat microperfusion studies, although studies in PTD1KO mice failed to reproduce this effect. Finally, in vitro studies using a PT cell line and primary PT culture indicated an inhibitory effect of ADMA upon PT cell proliferation. Consistent with recent human genetic studies, these data provide experimental evidence indicating a reduction of renal tubule DDAH1 activity can protect against progressive kidney fibrosis and function decline, independent of plasma ADMA. This work provides novel insights into the role of the NO-ADMA-DDAH axis within the kidney, particularly the tubule.
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Schaufler, Lawrence E. "NMR studies of the ADR1 zinc finger transcription factor /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5079.
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Fischer, Rita. "Anpassung von Acinetobacter baylyi Stamm ADP1 an aromatische Substratbedingungen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-63643.
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Schmiedeskamp, Mia Ruth. "NMR studies of the DNA-binding domain of ADR1 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9208.
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Court, Elizabeth Kathleen. "Synthetic biology application and characterisation of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22425/.
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Abboud, Azary. "Optimisation distribuée dans les grands systèmes interconnectés avec ADMM." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC004/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la construction des algorithmes distribués pour l’optimisation de la production et du partage de ressources au sein d’un réseau de large dimension. Notamment, on se concentre sur les réseaux électriques et les réseaux cellulaires 5G. On considère dans le cas des réseaux électriques le problème OPF (Optimal Power Flow) dans lequel on vise à faire la gestion et l’optimisation de la production de l’énergie électrique d’une manière distribuée. On se concentre sur une version linéarisée du problème, la DC-OPF (Direct-Current Optimal Power Flow). Comme le problème d’optimisation est convexe dans ce cas, on vise à minimiser le coût de production de l’énergie tout en respectant les limites des lignes de transmission et les contraintes caractéristiques du système. Dans le cas des réseaux cellulaires, on formule un problème de Caching. On a pour but de réduire l’utilisation du backhaul liant les stations de base et le contrôleur du réseau. Les stations de base sont équipées d’une capacité de stockage limitée. Ils visent à trouver d’une manière optimale les fichiers à stocker dans le but de réduire une certaine fonction de coût sur l’utilisation du backhaul et sur le partage des fichiers avec les autres stations de base. L’approche adoptée dans cette thèse consiste à appliquer l’ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), une méthode d’optimisation de manière itérative, à un problème d’optimisation que l’on a préalablement reformulée de façon adéquate. Ce problème permet à la fois de décrire le DC-OPF et le problème de Caching. On démontre la convergence de cette méthode quand elle est appliquée noeud par noeudd’une manière totalement distribuée. Ainsi que dans le cas où le réseau est divisé en plusieurs zones. Ces zones peuvent se chevaucher mais aussi elles peuvent être séparées ou indépendantes. De plus, dans le contexte d’un réseau à zones, on démontre que l’application de l’ADMM d’une manière aléatoire par une seule zone converge aussi vers la solution optimale du problèmeThis thesis focuses on the construction of distributed algorithms for optimizing resource production in a large interconnected system. In particular, it focuses on power grid and 5G cellular networks. In the case of power grid networks, we consider the OPF (Optimal Power Flow) problem in which one seeks to manage and optimize the production of electrical energy in a distributed manner. We focus on a linearized version of the problem, the DC-OPF (Direct- Current Optimal Power Flow) problem. This optimization problem is convex; the aim is to minimize the cost of energy generation while respecting the limits of the transmission line and the power flow constraints. In the case of 5G cellular networks, we formulate a caching problem. We aim to offload the backhaul link usage connecting the small bases stations (SBSs) to the central scheduler (CS). The SBSs are equipped with a limited storage capacity. We seek to find the optimal way to store files so as to reduce the cost on the use of backhaul and sharing files with other SBSs. The approach adopted in this thesis is to apply the ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), an optimization method that is applied iteratively, to an optimization problem that we adequately formulated previously. This problem can both describe the DC-OPF problem and the Caching problem. We prove the convergence of the method when applied node by node in a fully distributed manner. Additionally, we prove its convergence in the case where the network is divided into multiple areas or nations that may or may not overlap. Furthermore, in the context of a network with multiple areas, we show that the application of ADMM in a random manner by a single randomly chosen area also converges to the optimal solution of the problem
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Annergren, Mariette. "Application-Oriented Input Design and Optimization Methods Involving ADMM." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187890.
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This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part considers application-oriented input design, specifically for model predictive control (MPC). The second part considers alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for ℓ1 regularized optimization problems and primal-dual interior-point methods. The theory of system identification provides methods for estimating models of dynamical systems from experimental data. This thesis is focused on identifying models used for control, with special attention to MPC. The objective is to minimize the cost of the identification experiment while guaranteeing, with high probability, that the obtained model gives an acceptable control performance. We use application-oriented input design to find such a model. We present a general procedure of implementing application-oriented input design to unknown, possibly nonlinear, systems controlled using MPC. The practical aspects of application-oriented input design are addressed and the method is tested in an experimental study. In addition, a MATLAB-based toolbox for solving application-oriented input design problems is presented. The purpose of the toolbox is threefold: it is used in research; it facilitates communication of research results; it helps an engineer to use application-oriented input design. Several important problems in science can be formulated as convex optimization problems. As such, there exist very efficient algorithms for finding the solutions. We are interested in methods that can handle optimization problems with a very large number of variables. ADMM is a method capable of handling such problems. We derive a scalable and efficient algorithm based on ADMM for two ℓ1 regularized optimization problems: ℓ1 mean and covariance filtering, and ℓ1 regularized MPC. The former occurs in signal processing and the latter is a specific type of model based control. We are also interested in optimization problems with certain structural limitations. These limitations inhibit the use of a central computational unit to solve the problems. We derive a distributed method for solving them instead. The method is a primal-dual interior-point method that uses ADMM to distribute all the calculations necessary to solve the optimization problem at hand.QC 20160602
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Bessonnet, Thomas. "Exploration expérimentale du métabolisme du soufre dans le vivant." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE035.
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Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (ADP1), une bactérie du sol aux capacités de dégradation des molécules aromatiques remarquables est utilisée au laboratoire comme organisme modèle pour l’élucidation de nouvelles fonctions enzymatiques et voies métaboliques. Tirant profit de deux qualités d’ADP1 (compétence naturelle et recombinaison homologue efficace), une collection complète de mutants knock-out a été obtenue. L’analyse de cette ressource génomique a fait apparaître des phénotypes non prédits par l’annotation aboutissant notamment à l’initiation de l’étude du métabolisme du soufre chez ADP1 avec deux axes : (1) la biosynthèse de la L-méthionine (L-Met) et plus spécialement l’étude des familles d’enzymes non homologues MetX et MetA catalysant l’acylation de l’homosérine dans le monde vivant, première étape de cette voie ; (2) le recyclage de la L-méthionine et les voies d’assimilation des molécules soufrées. La thèse s’inscrit dans ces deux thématiques. Tout d’abord, un vaste projet combinant criblage expérimental et analyse structurale des sites actifs de MetA et MetX avait permis précédemment d’identifier les résidus déterminant l’usage de l’acyl-CoA et de proposer des règles précises de prédiction de fonction pour ces deux familles finalement isofonctionnelles. Cette étude avait révélé entre autres que 10% des MetX n’étaient pas impliqués dans la biosynthèse de L-Met. Nous avons donc entrepris la caractérisation de ces paralogues à l’activité inédite L-sérine O-succinyltransférase (SST) et finalement impliquées dans la biosynthèse de la L-cystéine (L-Cys). Jusqu'alors, l'acétylation par les L-sérine O-acétyltransférases (SAT) était le seul moyen connu d'activer la L-sérine. La détermination des paramètres cinétiques des SST ainsi que la caractérisation par LCMS in vitro puis la détection in vivo d’O-succinyl-L-sérine (OSS) dans les métabolomes de la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe et la bactérie Xanthomonas campestris ont permis de démontrer la fonction de ces paralogues. Pour compléter la démonstration, la caractérisation des cystéine synthases (CysK) respectives a montré qu’elles effectuent en effet la sulfhydrylation de l’OSS pour former de la L-Cys. Notre étude a ainsi également révélé que la voie décrite de la biosynthèse de la L-cystéine chez les levures jusqu’alors extrapolée à partir de la levure modèle Saccharomyces cerevisae (voie de transsulfuration réverse) était en réalité une exception et que la grande majorité des levures synthétisent la L-Cys à partir de la L-sérine via ce nouveau métabolite, l’OSS. Cette thèse, dans un deuxième temps, a initié l’exploration expérimentale des voies d’assimilation du soufre chez ADP1 chez qui notamment aucune voie de recyclage de la L-Met n’était prédite alors qu’elle y est source de soufre. Combinant des approches complémentaires (génétique inverse par phénotypage de la collection complète de mutants sur diverses sources de soufre, transcriptomique sur L-Met et L-Cys versus sulfate, criblage des enzymes à PLP d’ADP1 potentiellement impliquées, étude biochimique des candidats et construction de mutants d’ADP1), une image assez précise des voies d’assimilation de diverses sources de soufre se dessine. Par exemple, les voies d’assimilations de la L-Met et du DMSP semblent aboutir à la production de sulfite via la synthèse de méthanesulfonate sous le contrôle du régulateur transcriptionnel CBL. De plus, le KMBA et le méthanethiol sont probablement des intermédiaires de la voie de recyclage de la L-Met, alors que le DMSO et le DMSO2 semblent être des intermédiaires cataboliques uniquement pour le DMSPAcinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (ADP1), a soil bacterium with remarkable aromatic molecule degradation capacities is used in the laboratory as a model organism for the elucidation of new enzymatic functions and metabolic pathways. Taking advantage of two qualities of ADP1 (natural competence and effective homologous recombination), a complete collection of knock-out mutants has been obtained. Analysis of this genomic resource revealed unpredicted phenotypes by the annotation, leading in particular to the initiation of the study of sulphur metabolism in ADP1 with two axes: (1) the biosynthesis of L-methionine (L-Met) and more specifically the study of the families of non-homologous MetX and MetA enzymes catalysing the acylation of homoserine, the first step of this pathway; (2) the recycling of L-methionine. The thesis falls within these two themes. First, a vast project combining experimental screening and structural analysis of the active sites of MetA and MetX had previously made it possible to identify the residues determining the use of acyl-CoA and to propose precise function prediction rules for these two finally isofunctional families. Among other things, this study revealed that 10% of MetX were not involved in L-Met biosynthesis. We have therefore undertaken the characterization of these paralogues with novel activity L-serine O-succinyltransferase (SST) and finally involved in the biosynthesis of L-cysteine (L-Cys). Until then, acetylation by L-serine O-acetyltransferases (SAT) was the only known way to activate L-serine. The determination of kinetic parameters of SST as well as in vitro LCMS characterization and in vivo detection of O-succinyl-L-serine (OSS) in the metabolomes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast and Xanthomonas campestris bacterium demonstrated the function of these paralogues. To complete the demonstration, the characterization of the respective cysteine synthases (CysK) showed that they indeed perform sulfhydrylation of OSS to form L-Cys. Our study also revealed that the described pathway of L-cysteine biosynthesis in yeasts hitherto extrapolated from the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae (reverse transsulfuration pathway) was actually an exception and that the vast majority of yeasts synthesize L-Cys from L-serine via this new metabolite, OSS. This thesis, in a second stage, initiated the experimental exploration of sulphur assimilation pathways in ADP1, in which no L-Met recycling pathway was predicted even though it is a source of sulphur. Combining complementary approaches (reverse genetics by phenotyping the complete collection of mutants on various sulphur sources, transcriptomics on L-Met and L-Cys versus sulphate, screening of ADP1 PLP enzymes, biochemical study of ADP1 candidates and mutants), a fairly accurate picture of the assimilation pathways of various sulphur sources is emerging. For example, the assimilation pathways of L-Met and DMSP appear to lead to the production of sulphite via methanesulphonate synthesis under the control of the transcriptional regulator CBL. In addition, KMBA and methanethiol are probably intermediates in the L-Met recycling pathway, whereas DMSO and DMSO2 appear to be catabolic intermediates only for DMSP
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Bagli, Maria Chiara. "ll metodo ADMM per la regolarizzazione con Variazione Totale Generalizzata." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20966/.
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La tesi tratta del Metodo dei Moltiplicatori a Direzione Alternata (ADMM) per il problema di ricostruzione di immagini con il funzionale di Variazione Totale Generalizzata (TGV). Tale funzionale è convesso e dipende da due parametri positivi reali il cui valore influenza la qualità dell'immagine ricostruita. Parte del lavoro di tesi è stato dedicato al settaggio dei parametri, in particolare alla scelta del parametro di regolarizzazione, dei due parametri da cui dipende il funzionale TGV e dai parametri specifici del metodo ADMM. Si è compiuta un'analisi comparativa tra il metodo ADMM e il metodo PDAL originariamente proposto per la ricostruzione di immagini mediante TGV. I risultati numerici su diversi problemi test mostrano che il metodo ADMM risulta più performante sia in termini di qualità di ricostruzione che in termini di efficienza computazionale. Infine si è studiato come i parametri specifici per il metodo ADMM influenzino la qualità dell'immagine ricostruita e si è proposto un range nel quale scegliere i valori di tali parametri.
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Stuani, Lucille. "Nouveaux aspects du métabolisme d'acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 : une approche métabolomique." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0048/document.
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La connaissance du métabolisme demeure incomplète mais sa compréhension reste un but majeur tant pour la recherche fondamentale qu’appliquée. Environ 40% des gènes des organismes procaryotes n’ont pas de fonction précise proposée. En conséquence, de nombreuses voies métaboliques restent incomplètes, rendant très difficile la prédiction du métabolisme d’un organisme. Les recherches et les avancées dans la compréhension de la cascade des « omiques » incluant la génomique, la transcriptomique, la protéomique et la métabolomique jouent aujourd’hui un rôle central dans la connaissance du métabolisme. En tant qu’intermédiaires des réactions biochimiques, les métabolites connectent les différentes voies métaboliques d’un organisme. La quantité et la nature de ces molécules étant la résultante de l’expression des gènes, la composition en métabolites de la cellule est donc liée de très près à son phénotype. La métabolomique, qui étudie l’ensemble de ces petites molécules présentes dans un échantillon biologique, constitue une source d’informations importante nécessaire à la compréhension du métabolisme. En ce sens, le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit décrit la mise en place d’une approche métabolomique au sein du Genoscope pour l’étude du métabolisme de la bactérie modèle Acinetobacter baylyi (ADP1) en utilisant la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution (LTQ-Orbitrap) couplée à la chromatographie liquide (LC/MS).Nous avons suivi la réorientation du métabolisme d’ADP1 à la suite d’une perturbation environnementale, induite par un changement de source de carbone. Nous avons comparé les métabolomes d’ADP1 cultivée sur succinate (source de carbone de référence) et sur quinate (source de carbone alternative). Environ 450 métabolites potentiels ont été détectés et plus d’une centaine ont pu être identifiés. Plusieurs phénomènes ont pu être observés. Premièrement, l’utilisation du quinate comme source de carbone engendre une réponse spécifique attendue, liée à sa dégradation (intermédiaires cataboliques détectés et gènes associés surexprimés). Toutefois, alors que le métabolisme central est peu affecté par ce changement biotique, la concentration d’environ la moitié des métabolites détectés est significativement modifiée. Ce résultat inattendu est en accord avec les expériences de transcriptomique qui indiquent, qu’avec ce changement de source de carbone, 12% des gènes sont différentiellement exprimés. Nos résultats montrent que la perturbation du métabolisme dans ces conditions s’étend bien au-delà de la voie de dégradation du quinate ; elle engendre un bouleversement global du métabolisme (Stuani, Lechaplais et al. 2014).Cette étude a également permis de détecter de nouveaux métabolites, produits dans des cellules utilisant du quinate. L’élucidation structurale de l’un d’entre eux est décrite dans ce manuscrit. Il s’agit d’une tyrosine substituée en position benzylique par un groupement méthylamine (BMAT). Son identification aura nécessité des expériences de CID-MSn séquentielles avec détection à haute résolution et d’échanges H/D. Des études structurales effectuées sur deux autres molécules suggèrent des similarités structurales entre elles et avec le BMAT. Nous pourrions donc être en présence d’une famille de nouveaux métabolites secondaires, impliqués dans une même voie métabolique. C’est donc une approche métabolomique qui a permis à un simple changement de source de carbone de nous orienter vers la découverte de nouvelles voies métaboliques et d’appréhender une part cachée du métabolisme d’ADP1While incomplete, the knowledge of metabolism remains a priority for both basic and applied research. With approximately 40 % of genes of prokaryotic genomes with no accurate function, a number of metabolic pathways remain incomplete, which impedes the accurate prediction of the metabolism of a cell.Recent progress and breakthroughs in the understanding of the Omics Cascade that includes genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics play an important role in the knowledge of metabolism. As intermediaries of biochemical reactions, metabolites connect the different metabolic pathways of the cell. The amount and nature of these molecules being the result of gene expression, the metabolite content of a cell is thus closely related to its phenotype. Metabolomics, which aims at studying the whole set of metabolites present in a biological sample, is an invaluable source of information for the understanding of metabolism.This is why the work presented in this thesis reports the setup of a metabolomic approach at Genoscope for the study of metabolism of the model bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (ADP1) through high-resolution mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/MS).We investigated the metabolism of ADP1 after an environmental perturbation induced by a change of carbon source. We compared the metabolomes of ADP1 grown on succinate (reference carbon source) and on quinate (alternative source). About 450 potential metabolites could be detected and more than a hundred were identified. Many observations were made. First, quinate as a carbon source triggered an expected specific metabolic response in relation with its dissimilation (quinate catabolites were detected and the corresponding genes were up-regulated). However, while central metabolism is not impacted by this biotic change, about half of the detected metabolites had their concentration changed. This unexpected result is consistent with transcriptomic experiments that revealed that with the change of carbon source, 12% of the total number of genes are differentially expressed. Our results show that in these conditions, metabolic alteration goes far beyond the quinate degradation pathway and causes a global overhaul of the metabolism of ADP1 (Stuani, Lechaplais et al. 2014).This study also led to the detection of novel metabolites that were exclusively produced in quinate-grown cells. The structural elucidation of one of them is reported in this manuscript. It is a tyrosine substituted in the benzylic position by an aminomethyl group (BMAT). Its identification required sequential CID-MSn experiments with high-resolution detection and isotopic H/D exchange experiments. Structural studies conducted on two other molecules suggest structural similarities with BMAT. We thus could be in the presence of a family of novel secondary metabolites, involved in the same metabolic pathway.In conclusion, a metabolomic approach allowed a mere change of carbon source to guide us toward the discovery of novel metabolic pathways and gain insight into the hidden part of ADP1 metabolism
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Piolanti, Simone. "Il formalismo ADM per la metrica FLRW." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Il tema centrale di questo elaborato è la cosmologia, affrontata in ambito di relatività generale applicando il formalismo ADM al modello FLRW. Il problema consiste nella risoluzione delle equazioni di Einstein in presenza di materia. Sfruttando quindi il formalismo ADM sono innanzitutto definite le formulazioni lagrangiana ed hamiltoniana di una teoria in ambito di relatività generale. In particolare sono descritte tali formulazioni per le equazioni di Einstein. Segue come applicazione l'esempio della particella libera relativistica interpretata come teoria di campo in una dimensione. È infine trattato il caso di interesse: si considera la metrica FLRW per universo piatto e sono risolte le equazioni di Einstein calcolate a partire da un'azione in cui la materia è descritta da un campo scalare senza massa di minimo accoppiamento.
Il risultato ottenuto descrive due possibili universi: uno in espansione e uno in contrazione. In particolare, l'evoluzione del fattore di scala rispetto al tempo proprio del sistema è descritto dalla relazione α^3 (τ)=α^3 (0)(1±τ/τ_c).
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jaafar, hussein amez. "AGING AND DECISION MAKING AS MEASURED BY THE SWEDISH VERSION OF THE ADMC BATTERY." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68356.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to examine age-related differences in decision-making competence. The study is a part of the ongoing Betula project (Nilsson et al., 1997; 2004), and the data included test results from (N, 364) corresponding to the questionnaires with complete responses (>80%) to the items addressed. The Swedish version of the Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) battery was used. An exploratory factor analysis of the A-DMC data yielded a two-component solution: The A-DMC tasks were divided into Factor 1 (Applying Decision Rules, Resistance to Framing and Consistency in Risk Perception tasks), and Factor 2 (Under/Overconfidence, Resistance to Sunk Costs and Recognizing Social Norms). These two factors showed opposite age effects, where Factor 1 (analytic decision making) declined with age, whereas Factor 2 (heuristic decision competence) was not negatively affected by old age.Betula Project
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Schulze, Karen [Verfasser]. "Prognostische Bedeutung von asymmetrischem Dimethylarginin (ADMA) beim akuten Myokardinfarkt / Karen Schulze." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101391340X/34.
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Jerg, Bettina. "Wirkmechanismus des Transkriptionsregulators PcaU aus dem Bakterium Acinetobacter baylyi Stamm ADP1." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-56769.
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Ukey, Rahul. "Genetic Manipulation of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 to Enhance Biofuel Precursor Production." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10003783.
Full textAbstract:
In order to use Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 as a host for molecularly enhanced triacylglyceride (TAG) production, it is important to understand key enzymatic steps involved in TAG biosynthesis and use. Four different thioesterase genes were cloned from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and expressed in E. coli to investigate their contribution to the free fatty acid (FFAs) accumulation. Overexpression of the genes tesA? (a leaderless form of the gene tesA) and tesC resulted in increased accumulation of FFAs when compared with the host strain. The TesA? thioesterase tended to produce shorter chain and unsaturated FFAs, myristic acid and oleic acid, respectively, compared to TesC and other investigated thioesterases. We identified four crucial one-step enzymatic reactions encoded by the genes lip1, lip2, acr1 and fadE, mutations that were predicted to have an effect on the TAG accumulation. Among a series of generated strains, a strain that had the lip1, lip2 and fadE mutations was constructed showing a 2.44-fold increase in the TAG production compare to the wild type. To achieve high yields of microbial biofuel production using Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, we constructed and expressed two three-gene operons in E. coli K19 and A. baylyi strains having inactivated ?-oxidation pathway to observe operon effects on FFAs and overall lipid productions. E. coli RU35 produced 0.04 ?g of TAG/mg of dry biomass and E. coli RU14 produced 0.03 ?g of TAG/mg of dry biomass. E. coli K19 by itself does not possess any DGAT activity, hence the production of TAGs in the engineered strains is mediated by enzyme WS/DGAT encoded by the two plasmids. In all A. baylyi strains the introduction of the operon decreased TAGs accumulation by 16-63%. The decrease in accumulation of TAGs in the A. baylyi strains is predicted to be due to the action of the TesA? thioesterase, which is apparently very efficient in competing with WS/DGAT for acyl-CoA. This study demonstrates that finding of a thioesterase which has a low affinity to acyl-CoA and a high affinity to acyl-ACP is critical for the successful increase of TAGs in A. baylyi.
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Canault, Baptiste. "Développement d'une plateforme de prédiction in silico des propriétés ADME-Tox." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2048/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de la recherche pharmaceutique, les propriétés relatives à l’Absorption, la Distribution, le Métabolisme, l’Elimination (ADME) et la Toxicité (Tox) sont cruciales pour le succès des phases cliniques lors de la conception de nouveaux médicaments. Durant ce processus, la chémoinformatique est régulièrement utilisée afin de prédire le profil ADME-Tox des molécules bioactives et d’améliorer leurs propriétés pharmacocinétiques. Ces modèles de prédiction, basés sur la quantification des relations structure-activité (QSAR), ne sont pas toujours efficaces à cause du faible nombre de données ADME-Tox disponibles et de leur hétérogénéité induite par des différences dans les protocoles expérimentaux, ou encore de certaines erreurs expérimentales. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons d’abord constitué une base de données contenant 150 000 mesures pour une cinquantaine de propriétés ADME-Tox. Afin de valoriser l’ensemble de ces données, nous avons dans un deuxième temps proposé une plateforme automatique de création de modèles de prédiction QSAR. Cette plateforme, nommée MetaPredict, a été conçue afin d’optimiser chacune des étapes de création d’un modèle statistique, dans le but d’améliorer leur qualité et leur robustesse. Nous avons dans un troisième temps valorisé les modèles obtenus grâce à la plateforme MetaPredict en proposant une application en ligne. Cette application a été développée pour faciliter l’utilisation des modèles, apporter une interprétation simplifiée des résultats et moduler les observations obtenues en fonction des spécificités d’un projet de recherche. Finalement, MetaPredict permet de rendre les modèles ADME-Tox accessibles à l’ensemble des chercheursAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination (ADME) and Toxicity (Tox) properties are crucial for the success of clinical trials of a drug candidate. During this process, chemoinformatics is regularly used to predict the ADME-Tox profile of bioactive compounds and to improve their pharmacokinetic properties. In silico approaches have already been developed to improve poor pharmacokinetics and toxicity of lead compounds. These predictive models, based on the quantification of structure-activity relationships (QSAR), were not always efficient enough due to the low number of accessible biological data and their heterogeneity induced by the differences in experimental assays or the significant experimental error. In this thesis, we first built a database containing 150,000 data points for about 50 ADME-Tox properties. In order to valorize all this data, we then proposed an automatic platform for creating predictive models. This platform, called MetaPredict, has been designed to optimize each step of model development, in order to improve their quality and robustness. Third,, we promoted the statistical models using the online application of MetaPredict platform. This application has been developed to facilitate the use of newly built models, to provide a simplified interpretation of the results and to modulate the obtained observations according to the needs of the researchers. Finally, this platform provides an easy access to the ADME-Tox models for the scientific community
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Hasan, Abdallah Khalil Abdallah. "The role of educational leadership in providing quality culture at ADMC." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400804.
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Bercevič, Renata. "Antilipideminėmis savybėmis pasižyminčių vaistinių augalų veikliųjų medžiagų palyginamoji apžvalga ir raudonųjų dobilų (Trifolium pratense L.) žolės pritaikymo mažinti cholesterolio kiekį kraujyje pagrindimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110628_151406-22258.
Full textAbstract:
Darbo tikslas – apžvelgti Lietuvoje augančių antilipideminėmis savybėmis pasižyminčių augalų pritaikymo galimybes mažinti cholesterolio kiekį kraujyje bei pagrįsti raudonųjų dobilų terapinį potencialą.
Tyrimo metodai. Bendrasis flavonoidų kiekis raudonųjų dobilų žolėje nustatytas UV spektrofotometrijos metodu. Raudonųjų dobilų veikliųjų medžiagų ADME savybių prognozė atlikta panaudojant ACD/ADME suite 5.0 programą. Statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant „Microsoft Office Excel 2003“ programą. Apskaičiuotas aritmetinis vidurkis ir standartinis nuokrypis.
Tyrimo rezultatai. Daugiausia flavonoidų raudonųjų dobilų žaliavoje yra birželio mėn. pradžioje ir viduryje (0,46 ± 0,07 proc.). Liepos mėn. pradžioje flavonoidų kiekis sumažėja 2–3 kartus, o vasaros viduryje padidėja iki 0,33 ± 0,05 proc. Rugpjūčio mėnesį flavonoidų kiekis žaliavoje vėl sumažėja iki 0,29 ± 0,03 proc. Remiantis programos prognozėmis raudonųjų dobilų žolės veikliosios medžiagos pasižymi gana palankiomis ADME savybėmis, kurios leistų šio augalo preparatus vartoti per os. Dauguma veikliųjų junginių, ypač flavonoidų aglikonai ir kumarinai turėtų labai gerai absorbuotis pasyviosios absorbcijos būdu, o didžiausias bioprieinamumas per os (> 70 proc.) prognozuojamas biochaninui A, daidzeinui, formononetinui ir kumestroliui. Beveik visoms veikliosioms medžiagoms, kaip ir statinams, prognozuojamas nedidelis pasiskirstymo tūris: nuo 0,7 l/kg iki 1,6 kg/l. Visiems junginiams prognozuojamos labai mažos tikimybės, kad jie... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Objectives – to overview the possibility to use plants with antilipidemic properties growing in Lithuania to reduce cholesterol in blood and to substantiate therapeutic potential of the red clover. Methods. Total flavonoid amount in red clover was determined by using UV spectroscopy. ADME properties of red clover active substances were predicted by using ACD/ADME suite 5.0 software. Statistical analysis was carried out using “Microsoft Office Excel 2003” software. Arithmetical average and standard deviation were calculated. Results. The biggest amount of flavonoids in red clover raw material is detected in the beginning and middle of June (0.46 ± 0.07 %). The content of flavonoids decreases two-three times in the beginning of July, and increases to 0.33 ± 0.05 % in the middle of the summer. The flavonoid content of raw material decreases to 0.29 ± 0.03 % again in August. Based on program predictions the active substances present in the herb of red clover have beneficial ADME properties affording the preparations of this herb to use per os. Majority of active substances, especially flavonoid aglycones and coumarins should have very good absorption by passive route of absorption, and the highes oral bioavailability (>70 %) is predicted for biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin and coumestrol. Almost all active compounds, the same as statins, were predited to have low volume of distribution: from 0.7 l/kg to 1.6 l/kg. All compounds were prognosed not to be strong inhibitors of CYP... [to full text]
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Claros, Santiago Carlos Eduardo, Portugal Julio Raul Corcuera, Espinoza Maribel Martina Cuenca, Garaycochea Pablo Rafael Cárdenas, Aguila Peralta Irma Del, Frias Bruno Alberto Rivas, Boada Julio Cromwell Ubillús, and Fajardo Soraya Katia Yrigoyen. "Globalización: Enfoque cultural y económico (Adm.) - HU65 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624404.
Full textAbstract:
Descripción: El curso promueve un espacio de discusión y diálogo en el que los estudiantes se aproximan, desde
perspectivas relacionadas a los ámbitos de la cultura y la economía, al estudio de las principales características y
manifestaciones del proceso de globalización en los negocios internacionales, tanto en el mundo contemporáneo
como en nuestro país.
Propósito: Contribuir con la formación del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes, motivándolos a consultar
diversas fuentes de información e interpretaciones sobre el tema, muchas veces confrontadas entre sí, para
explicar los factores que dieron origen a la globalización contemporánea y vislumbrar sus principales
consecuencias hacia el futuro. Al finalizar el semestre se espera que los alumnos hayan asumido una postura
crítica sobre este tema, característica necesaria para poder afrontar con éxito los diferentes retos de cualquier
profesional. El requisito de este curso supone haber aprobado Mundo Contemporáneo HU160.
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Lanevskij, Kiril. "Vaistinių junginių absorbcija ir pasiskirstymas audiniuose: kiekybinio struktūros ir aktyvumo ryšio analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111003_114225-03220.
Full textAbstract:
Šiame darbe pristatomi mechanistiniai kiekybinio struktūros ir aktyvumo ryšio modeliai, skirti vaistinių junginių savybių, charakterizuojančių jų absorbciją ir pasiskirstymą organizme prognozavimui. Nagrinėjama keletas parametrų, apibūdinančių paprastos difuzijos per biologines membranas greitį, taip pat termodinaminės konstantos, aprašančios vaistų pasiskirstymą tarp kraujo plazmos ir audinių. Ląstelinių pernašos barjerų pralaidumas buvo modeliuojamas netiesinėmis lygtimis, siejančiomis paprastos difuzijos greitį su vaistų fizikocheminėmis savybėmis, tokiomis kaip lipofiliškumas, jonizacija, vandenilinių ryšių sudarymo potencialas ir molekulių dydis. Nustatyta, kad smegenų endotelyje ir žarnyno epitelyje stebima panašaus pobūdžio difuzijos greičio priklausomybė nuo jonizacijos – katijonai ir anijonai difunduoja atitinkamai 2 ir 3 eilėmis lėčiau už neutralias molekules. Pademonstruota, kad analizuojant vaistų pasiskirstymo tarp audinių ir kraujo duomenis, būtina paversti pradines eksperimentines vertes kitais dydžiais, atspindinčiais vaistų jungimosi prie plazmos ir audinių komponentų stiprumą. Vaistų giminingumas audiniams gali būti aprašytas jų lipofiliškumu, o neigiama jonizacijos įtaka stebima tik rūgštiniams junginiams. Taip pat parodyta, kad vaistų pernašos per hematoencefalinę užtvarą kiekybinių parametrų tiesinė kombinacija leidžia 94% tikslumu klasifikuoti vaistus pagal jų prieinamumą centrinei nervų sistemai.The objective of this work was to develop mechanistic quantitative structure activity relationship models that would facilitate the assessment of drug properties related to their absorption and distribution in the body. The analysis involved several parameters reflecting the rate of passive diffusion across brain endothelium and intestinal epithelium, and thermodynamic constants related to drug distribution between plasma and tissues. Permeation through cellular transport barriers was modeled by nonlinear equations relating the passive diffusion rate to physicochemical properties of drugs: lipophilicity, ionization, hydrogen bonding potential and molecular size. It was demonstrated that brain endothelium and intestinal epithelium exhibit a quantitatively similar pattern of permeability-ionization dependence – ionized species permeate 2-3 orders of magnitude slower than neutral molecules. Analysis of tissue to plasma partitioning data revealed the necessity to split original experimental values into separate terms reflecting plasma and tissue binding strength. Drugs’ affinity to tissues could then be described by their lipophilicity, whereas detrimental effect of ionization was only observed for acidic drugs. Finally, it was shown that a linear combination of quantitative blood-brain barrier transport parameters allows classifying drugs according to their access to central nervous system with 94% overall accuracy.
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Lanevskij, Kiril. "Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Drug-Like Compounds: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111003_114235-89858.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to develop mechanistic quantitative structure activity relationship models that would facilitate the assessment of drug properties related to their absorption and distribution in the body. The analysis involved several parameters reflecting the rate of passive diffusion across brain endothelium and intestinal epithelium, and thermodynamic constants related to drug distribution between plasma and tissues. Permeation through cellular transport barriers was modeled by nonlinear equations relating the passive diffusion rate to physicochemical properties of drugs: lipophilicity, ionization, hydrogen bonding potential and molecular size. It was demonstrated that brain endothelium and intestinal epithelium exhibit a quantitatively similar pattern of permeability-ionization dependence – ionized species permeate 2-3 orders of magnitude slower than neutral molecules. Analysis of tissue to plasma partitioning data revealed the necessity to split original experimental values into separate terms reflecting plasma and tissue binding strength. Drugs’ affinity to tissues could then be described by their lipophilicity, whereas detrimental effect of ionization was only observed for acidic drugs. Finally, it was shown that a linear combination of quantitative blood-brain barrier transport parameters allows classifying drugs according to their access to central nervous system with 94% overall accuracy.Šiame darbe pristatomi mechanistiniai kiekybinio struktūros ir aktyvumo ryšio modeliai, skirti vaistinių junginių savybių, charakterizuojančių jų absorbciją ir pasiskirstymą organizme prognozavimui. Nagrinėjama keletas parametrų, apibūdinančių paprastos difuzijos per biologines membranas greitį, taip pat termodinaminės konstantos, aprašančios vaistų pasiskirstymą tarp kraujo plazmos ir audinių. Ląstelinių pernašos barjerų pralaidumas buvo modeliuojamas netiesinėmis lygtimis, siejančiomis paprastos difuzijos greitį su vaistų fizikocheminėmis savybėmis, tokiomis kaip lipofiliškumas, jonizacija, vandenilinių ryšių sudarymo potencialas ir molekulių dydis. Nustatyta, kad smegenų endotelyje ir žarnyno epitelyje stebima panašaus pobūdžio difuzijos greičio priklausomybė nuo jonizacijos – katijonai ir anijonai difunduoja atitinkamai 2 ir 3 eilėmis lėčiau už neutralias molekules. Pademonstruota, kad analizuojant vaistų pasiskirstymo tarp audinių ir kraujo duomenis, būtina paversti pradines eksperimentines vertes kitais dydžiais, atspindinčiais vaistų jungimosi prie plazmos ir audinių komponentų stiprumą. Vaistų giminingumas audiniams gali būti aprašytas jų lipofiliškumu, o neigiama jonizacijos įtaka stebima tik rūgštiniams junginiams. Taip pat parodyta, kad vaistų pernašos per hematoencefalinę užtvarą kiekybinių parametrų tiesinė kombinacija leidžia 94% tikslumu klasifikuoti vaistus pagal jų prieinamumą centrinei nervų sistemai.
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Thomas, Marion. "Exploration de la face cachée du métabolisme bactérien chez Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE025/document.
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La connaissance du métabolisme demeure incomplète mais sa compréhension reste un but majeur tant pour la recherche fondamentale qu’appliquée. Environ 40% des gènes des organismes procaryotes n’ont pas de fonction précise proposée. En conséquence, de nombreuses voies métaboliques sont incomplètes et d’autres restent à découvrir. Ces lacunes rendent très difficile la modélisation et la compréhension du métabolisme d’une cellule. Le laboratoire développe une nouvelle stratégie pour mettre au jour des voies métaboliques inconnues. Celle-ci est basée sur la bactérie modèle du laboratoire, Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (AP1). Elle exploite la banque complète de mutants de délétion de cet organisme (2600 mutants) ainsi que les avancées récentes du laboratoire dans le domaine de la métabolomique par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution (LC/MS).Cette étude est liée à l’observation que lors d’un changement de source de carbone (succinate vs quinate) ADP1 produit de nombreux métabolites d’identité inconnue, non reliés à notre connaissance de son métabolisme. Ces métabolites orphelins (MO) participent à des voies métaboliques nouvelles et représentent des points d’entrée dans la partie obscure du métabolisme bactérien.Ce projet comporte deux volets. Il s’agit d’une part de procéder à l’élucidation structurale des MO et d’autre part d’identifier l'ensemble des gènes impliqués dans leur synthèse.Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, nous avons établi l’identité d’un premier MO : l’acide 3-(3-aminopropylamine)- 4-hydroxybenzoïque. Ce composé est un bien métabolite nouveau, jamais référencé auparavant. Dans un premier temps, des expériences de LC/MS impliquant notamment des fragmentations séquentielles MSn et des échanges isotopiques H/D ont permis de déterminer sa composition élémentaire, son nombre de protons échangeables et ont suggéré une structure aromatique de la molécule. Ensuite, son identification a nécessité sa purification à l’échelle de la centaine de µg. Puis, une analyse RMN complète (1H, 13C, COSY, 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HMBC, et 1H-15N HMBC) a permis de préciser sa structure.Par ailleurs, pour identifier les gènes impliqués dans la synthèse des MO, nous avons procédé à l’analyse métabolomique de l’ensemble des mutants de la collection d’ADP1. Pour cela, nous avons développé des protocoles à haut-débit pour la préparation des métabolomes (100 métabolomes par jour), l’acquisition des données LC/MS (8 minutes par acquisition) et enfin leur analyse automatisée. Nous regardons, pour chaque mutant, quels sont les MO présents et absents. L’absence d’un MO chez un mutant donné indique que le gène excisé est impliqué dans sa synthèse. L’analyse systématique de la banque doit permettre in fine de dresser la liste de tous les gènes impliqués dans la synthèse de chaque MO. Les résultats du criblage, toujours en cours, permettront ainsi de commencer à reconstituer ces voies métaboliques nouvellesOur knowledge of metabolism remains incomplete and its understanding is a major goal for both basic and applied research. About 40% of prokaryotic genes have no specific function proposed. Many metabolic pathways are therefore incomplete and others remain to be discovered. These shortcomings (ou gaps ??) make the modelling and the understanding of cell metabolism very difficult. The laboratory is developing a new strategy to uncover unknown metabolic pathways. This is based on the model bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (ADP1). It exploits the complete library of deletion mutants of this organism (2600 mutants) as well as the recent advances of the laboratory in the field of metabolomics by liquid chromatography coupled with very high resolution mass spectrometry (LC / MS).This study is related to the observation that during a change of carbon source (from succinate to quinate), ADP1 produces many metabolites of unknown identity, unrelated to our knowledge of its metabolism. These orphan metabolites (MO) participate in novel metabolic pathways and represent entry points into the dark part of bacterial metabolism.This project has two objectives. The first is to elucidate of the structure of MOs, and the second is to identify all the genes involved in their synthesis.As part of this thesis, we established the identity of a first MO: 3- (3-aminopropylamine) - 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. This compound is a new metabolite, never referenced before. Firstly, LC / MS experiments involving sequential fragmentation MSn and isotopic H / D exchanges allowed us to determine its elementary composition, its number of exchangeable protons and suggested an aromatic structure of the molecule. Then, its identification required its purification on the scale of the hundred μg. Then, a complete NMR analysis (1H, 13C, COZY, 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HMBC, and 1H-15N HMBC) allowed us to specify the structure of the compound.Furthermore, to identify genes involved in the synthesis of MOs, we proceeded to the metabolomic analysis of all the strains of the ADP1 mutant collection. For this, we developed high-throughput protocols for the preparation of metabolomes (100 metabolomes per day), for the acquisition of LC / MS data (8 minutes per acquisition) and for their automated analysis. For every mutant, we are looking which Mos are present and which are absent. The absence of an MO in a given mutant indicates that the excised gene is involved in its synthesis. The systematic analysis of the bank should allow to list all the genes involved in the synthesis of each MO. The results of the screening, still in progress, will thus make it possible to begin to reconstitute these new metabolic pathways
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Dowsett, Laura Bethany. "The role of the NOS-ADMA-DDAH1 pathway in adipocytes and obesity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24709.
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which is metabolised by two isoforms of the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Inhibition of DDAH has been shown to increase ADMA concentrations both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, high concentrations of ADMA have been associated with a range of diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and more recently obesity. The role of the NO-ADMA-DDAH pathway has not yet been studied in adipose tissue. This thesis sets out to investigate the effects of pathological ADMA exposure firstly on adipocytes in vitro and secondly, on whole adipose physiology in vivo. In vitro the existence of the NO-ADMA-DDAH pathway was established in the 3T3-L1 cell line before investigating the effect of chronic ADMA exposure of their biology. ADMA was found to cause adipocyte hypertrophy through mTOR signalling in an NO independent manner. The effect of elevated ADMA on adipocytes in vivo was investigated through an adipocyte specific DDAH1 knockout. These mice developed visceral obesity with adipocyte hypertrophy with an increase in mTOR signalling. On a high fat diet there is a large increase in intracellular adipocyte ADMA in both knockout and control mice. Adipose vasculature is an important regulator of adipose expansion; to investigate the role of ADMA in this process an endothelial specific DDAH1 knockout mouse was developed. Angiogenesis in these mice is reduced restricting adipose growth in obesity. This thesis establishes that the NO-ADMA-DDAH1 pathway to be important in adipose physiology. Elevated ADMA in adipocytes and endothelial cells is detrimental to their function and increases various factors associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Franchin, Taísa Busaranho. "Estudo de ADME de compostos derivados do ácido pirazinóico com atividade antimicobacteriana /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181126.
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Orientador: Rosangela Goncalves PeccininiResumo: A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa provocada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis que apesar de reconhecida a muitos anos, ainda tem ocorrência frequente na sociedade, assim como os casos de resistência aos medicamentos, que tem apresentado aumento significativo nos últimos anos. Na busca de novas estratégias para o tratamento, pesquisadores da Unifesp-Diadema desenvolveram novos compostos com potencial atividade antimicobacteriana, denominados pirazinoato de metila (I), pirazinoato de etila (II), pirazinoato de butila (III) e 2-(pirazina-2-carboniloxi)etill pirazina-2-carboxilato (IV), derivados do ácido pirazinóico, principal metabólito da pirazinamida. Ensaios in vitro como a avalição de propriedades físico-químicas e ensaios que avaliam a absorção, distribuição, metabolismo e excreção (ADME), auxiliam na predição das características farmacocinéticas em um estágio inicial do desenvolvimento, permitindo a seleção dos melhores candidatos a novos fármacos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a realização de screening físico-químico (determinação do coeficiente de partição e da estabilidade química nos pHs de 1,2; 7,4 e 8,8) e ensaios de ADME (cálculo da permeabilidade aparente em monocamada de células Caco-2, a avaliação da estabilidade metabólica em microssoma de ratos e de humanos e avaliação da estabilidade em plasma de rato). Os compostos apresentaram logP de valor negativo, indicando hidrofilicidade e foi observada estabilidade frente os três pHs avaliados. A perme... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which, although recognized for many years, still occurs frequently in society, as well as cases of drug resistance, which has shown a significant increase in recent years. In the search for new treatment strategies, researchers at Unifesp-Diadema have developed new compounds with potential antimycobacterial activity called methyl pyrazinoate (I), ethyl pyrazinoate (II), butyl pyrazinoate (III) and 2- (pyrazine-2 -carbonyloxy) ethyl] pyrazine-2-carboxylate (IV), derivatives of pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinamide's main metabolite. In vitro assays such as the evaluation of physicochemical properties and assays that evaluate absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), aid in the prediction of pharmacokinetic characteristics at an early stage of development, allowing the selection of the best candidates for new drugs. The objective of the present study was the physical-chemical screening (determination of partition coefficient and chemical stability at pHs of 1.2, 7.4 and 8.8) and ADME tests (calculation of the apparent permeability in monolayer of Caco-2 cells, evaluation of metabolic stability in rat and human microsomes and evaluation of stability in rat plasma). The compounds presented logP negative value, indicating hydrophilicity and stability was observed the three pHs evaluated. The apparent permeability calculated for compounds I, II, III and IV resulted in values of 4.66 x10-6; 4.14 x10-... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Zeng, Shangzhi. "Algorithm-tailored error bound conditions and the linear convergence rae of ADMM." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/474.
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In the literature, error bound conditions have been widely used for studying the linear convergence rates of various first-order algorithms and the majority of literature focuses on how to sufficiently ensure these error bound conditions, usually posing more assumptions on the model under discussion. In this thesis, we focus on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and show that the known error bound conditions for studying ADMM's linear convergence, can indeed be further weakened if the error bound is studied over the specific iterative sequence generated by ADMM. A so-called partial error bound condition, which is tailored for the specific ADMM's iterative scheme and weaker than known error bound conditions in the literature, is thus proposed to derive the linear convergence of ADMM. We further show that this partial error bound condition theoretically justifies the difference if the two primal variables are updated in different orders in implementing ADMM, which had been empirically observed in the literature yet no theory is known so far.
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Li, Shijian. "Scalable User Assignment in Power Grids: A Data Driven Approach." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1107.
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"The fast pace of global urbanization is drastically changing the population distributions over the world, which leads to significant changes in geographical population densities. Such changes in turn alter the underlying geographical power demand over time, and drive power substations to become over-supplied (demand ≪ capacity) or under-supplied (demand ≈ capacity). In this work, we make the first attempt to investigate the problem of power substation/user assignment by analyzing large scale power grid data. We develop a Scalable Power User Assignment (SPUA) framework, that takes large-scale spatial power user/substation distribution data and temporal user power consumption data as input, and assigns users to substations, in a manner that minimizes the maximum substation utilization among all substations. To evaluate the performance of SPUA framework, we conduct evaluations on real power consumption data and user/substation location data collected from Xinjiang Province in China for 35 days in 2015. The evaluation results demonstrate that our SPUA framework can achieve a 20%–65% reduction on the maximum substation utilization, and 2 to 3.7 times reduction on total transmission loss over other baseline methods."
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HERVE, FRANCOISE. "Pathologie du sein : contribution a l'elaboration du systeme adm." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M020.
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LE, DOARE KOENIG ANNE-MARIE. "Medicaments et allaitement : contribution a l'etablissement du systeme adm." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M095.
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