Academic literature on the topic 'Administrative law – South Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Administrative law – South Africa"
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Hoexter, Cora. "Administrative Justice in Kenya: Learning from South Africa's Mistakes." Journal of African Law 62, no. 1 (February 2018): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855318000025.
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AbstractThe wording of article 47 of Kenya's Constitution of 2010 is almost identical to that of the section 33 rights to just administrative action in South Africa's 1996 Constitution. Like section 33, article 47 mandates the enactment of legislation to give effect to these constitutional rights, and Kenya's Fair Administrative Action Act 4 of 2015 was strongly influenced by the equivalent South African legislation, the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 (PAJA). South Africa can thus be regarded as a sort of laboratory for Kenyan administrative justice. The aim of this article is to highlight some of the South African experience in relation to section 33 and the PAJA in the hope that Kenya will learn from some of South Africa's mistakes. It argues that the Kenyan courts should avoid following the example of their South African counterparts in allowing their mandated legislation to become almost redundant.
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Olivier, Marius, and Avinash Govindjee. "The Inter-Relationship between Administrative Law and Labour Law: Public Sector Employment Perspectives from South Africa." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3583.
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The legal position of public sector employees who challenge employment decisions taken by the state or organs of state in its/their capacity as employer in South Africa has long been problematic. Even though at least four judgments by the Constitutional Court of South Africa have considered whether employment-related decisions in the public sector domain do or could amount to administrative action and whether administrative law and/or labour law should be applicable for purposes of dispute resolution, legal uncertainty remains the order of the day due to a combination of factors. The authors assess whether (and to what extent) the rich South African administrative-law jurisprudence remains of importance in relation to the public employment relationship, bearing in mind the applicable legal considerations, including the inter-relatedness, interdependence and indivisibility of the range of applicable fundamental constitutional rights. Considering the debate in other jurisdictions on this issue, the authors develop a paradigm for situating different employment-related disputes as matters to be decided on labour and/or administrative-law principles in South Africa. This requires an appreciation, to the extent relevant, of the unique nature public sector employment relationships and a detailed investigation of the applicable legal sources and precise parameters of the cases already decided in the country. The position of employees deliberately excluded from the scope of labour legislation is analysed, for example, as is the legal position of high-ranking public sector employees. The outcome of the investigation is important for determining the legal principles to be applied in cases involving public sector employees in their employment relationship, and for purposes of determining the question of jurisdiction. Recent cases, for example where the courts have permitted the state, as employer, to review its own disciplinary decision (via a state-appointed chairperson of a disciplinary hearing) on the basis that this amounts to administrative action which is reviewable, are also examined in the light of the uncertainty regarding the precise nature and scope of the review.
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Quinot, Geo. "Substantive Legitimate Expectations in South African and European Administrative Law." German Law Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012256.
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The doctrine of legitimate expectation was authoritatively accepted as part of South African administrative law in the landmark case of Administrator, Transvaal v Traub in 1989. In that case Chief Justice Corbett extended the scope of application of the rules of natural justice, specifically the audi principle, beyond the traditional “liberty, property and existing rights” formula to cases where something less than an existing right, a legitimate expectation, required a fair procedure to be followed. This acceptance followed the trend in other Commonwealth jurisdictions to extend the application of the rules of natural justice and hence afford greater procedural protection to individuals affected by administrative decisions. Although Chief Justice Corbett expressly stated that the content of the expectation may be substantive or procedural in nature, the protection of that expectation, if found to be legitimate, was exclusively procedural. Since the Traub decision, the doctrine of legitimate expectation has been deeply entrenched in South African administrative law to extend the scope of procedural rights afforded individuals affected by administrative action. It is now an established principle of South African administrative law that a person, who has a legitimate expectation, flowing from an express promise by an administrator or a regular administrative practice, has a right to be heard before administrative action affecting that expectation is taken. The doctrine, has however, by and large, remained one that provides procedural protection in South Africa. In a number of recent decisions by South African courts, ranging from the High Court to the Supreme Court of Appeal and the Constitutional Court, there have been increasing calls for the application of legitimate expectations beyond procedural claims.
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Pretorius, D. M. "“What’s past is prologue”: an historical overview of judicial review in South Africa – part 2." Fundamina 26, no. 2 (2020): 424–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/fund/v26/i2a6.
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This contribution explores the historical origins and development of judicial review in South Africa, as an indication of shifts in relations between – and of the relative legal and political powers of – the three branches of state. It also provides bibliographical details of sources chronicling these historical processes. The first part focused mainly on constitutional review, namely the power of the law courts to test the validity of statutes against constitutional criteria. This second part analyses the historical development of administrative law, especially the common-law evolution of judicial review of the decision-making processes of organs of state, and how that process unfolded reciprocally with political shifts in twentieth-century South Africa. There is also a synopsis of the introduction of administrative law as a discrete subject in South African law schools. Finally, this contribution briefly explores historical aspects of the role of interpretation of statutes in the context of administrative law, and briefly touches on special statutory review as distinct from common-law review.
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Ikhariale, M. A. "THE DOCTRINE OF LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LITIGATION IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of African Law 45, no. 1 (April 2001): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855301001572.
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One of the outstanding features of the South African Constitution is the well-articulated concept of administrative justice. It is to be expected that a modern constitutional state with an enormous social reconstruction programme like that of post-apartheid South Africa must have a sophisticated mechanism for the maintenance of administrative justice. The immediate past experience of apartheid under which the administrative process was devoted to the victimization of a large section of the population has also meant that every constitutional means possible in the arduous task of social reconstruction must be deployed towards the declared objective of the evolution of a humane and just administrative process. It was therefore not surprising that the post-apartheid constitutions considered the availability of administrative justice for citizens as one of their foremost civil liberties. Under the common law, the concept of administrative justice is generally associated with the notion of natural justice. Recent developments, however, have tended to narrow the concept down to the idea of fairness. The most remarkable proof of this development is the emergence of the doctrine of legitimate expectations, under which the courts have been able to come to the aid of persons who would have in previous situations been unable to obtain redress in matters where the application of administrative discretion is of paramount importance.
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Henrico, R. "Administrative law and voluntary religious associations in South Africa: some reflections." Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2021, no. 3 (2021): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/tsar/2021/i3a6.
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Daar is in Suid-Afrika verskeie vrywillige godsdiensorganisasies. Hulle leerstellings het betrekking op geloofsgebaseerde aangeleenthede. Sodanige organisasies vervul ook funksies ten aansien van die bestuur van die kerk, die hiërargiese samestelling daarvan, administratiewe aangeleenthede, die gedragskode van lidmate en leraars en dissiplinêre optrede ingevolge huishoudelike tribunale. Die verhouding tussen die lidmate en die organisasie waartoe hulle hul vrywillig verbind het, is nie statutêr van aard nie. Die verhouding is gebaseer op die interne grondwet van die godsdienstige organisasie wat beteken dat die bevoegdhede wat byvoorbeeld uitgeoefen word deur dissiplinêre tribunale, gebaseer is op die instemming van die betrokkenes. Kragtens die bevoegdhede wat so verleen is, bestaan ’n ongelyke verhouding tussen die leierskap teenoor hulle lidmate en medeleraars. Dit bly egter ’n privaatregtelike verhouding en word geen publiekregtelike verhouding weens die magsverhouding nie. ’n Vergelyking kan gemaak word met administratiefregtelike verhoudings waar eweneens sprake van magsverhoudings is. Administratiewe verhoudings is openbare regsverhoudings, maar tog ook een van ongelykheid. Die staatsreg plaas die individu in ’n ondergeskikte verhouding teenoor die owerhede. ’n Lidmaat wat verontreg of gegrief is deur ’n besluit van die godsdienstige organisasie waarvan hy/ sy ’n lid is, kan sodanige besluit aanveg deur middel van die hersieningsprosedure waarvoor in die grondwet van die organisasie voorsiening gemaak word, maar kan ook bloot besluit om te bedank en uit die organisasie te tree. Dié bevoegdheid geniet ’n burger wat verontreg is deur ’n administratiewe vergryp van die owerheid, behoudens dan emigrasie, nie. Alhoewel die bevoegdhede wat binne ’n godsdienstige organisasie uitgeoefen word, gebaseer is op onderlinge instemming – en gereguleer behoort te word deur die interne grondwet van die vereniging – mag dit die moeite loon om kennis te neem van die beginsels van die administratiefreg in die lig van die omvang van gevestigde administratiewe regspleging. Die outeur ondersoek in hierdie artikel in die eerste plek private godsdienstige organisasies binne die bestek van die grondwetlike waarborge van indiwiduele en geassosieerde vryheid van godsdiens. Tweedens word gelet op die feit dat, nieteenstaande die private aard van die verhouding tussen lidmate en die vrywillige godsdienstige organisasie, ’n geregtelike hersiening van godsdienstige verenigings gebaseer op die gemenereg wel toepaslik mag wees. In ’n demokratiese bedeling leen nóg die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid, nóg artikel 33 van die grondwet dit tot geregtelike hersiening van administratiewe optrede. Met inagneming van die horisontale toepassing van grondwetlike beginsels en artikel 39(2) en (3) in die handves van menseregte en die ongelyke verhouding tussen die partye, ontstaan die vraag of breër verligting deur middel van administratiewe regspleging nie moet seëvier in gevalle van sodanige “private administratiewe regspleging” nie. Ten slotte ondersoek die outeur die beginsel van vermyding van leerstellige verstrengeling. Dit onderstreep die respek wat ons howe verleen aan godsdiensvryheid waarkragtens die howe hulle daarvan weerhou om in te meng in die sake van godsdienstige organisasies tensy dit buite die bestek van die tersake eie norme en riglyne soos vervat in die tersake grondwette val.
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Do Vale, Helder Ferreira. "Educational Reforms and Decentralization in Brazil, South Africa, South Korea and Spain." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 591–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.3.591-612(2016).
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The article assesses the education reforms in four countries: Brazil, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain. The main objective of the comparison is to identify the elements of the reforms that led to different educational performances. By taking South Korea as a model of successful education reform, the comparative analysis shows that the educational reforms in Brazil, South Africa, and Spain have set these countries aside from the path toward high-performing educational systems. In these countries, differently from South Korea, decentralizing education reforms have been dominated by conflict over the distribution of fiscal and administrative resources.
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Abduroaf, Muneer. "Application of the Islamic Law of Succession in South Africa." Obiter 41, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i2.9159.
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Muslims have been living in South Africa for over 300 years. There are over 750 000 Muslims living in South Africa today. These persons constitute a minority religious group in a non-Muslim country. Muslims are required in terms of their religion to follow Islamic law. There has (to date) been no legislation enacted by the South African parliament that gives effect to Islamic law. South African Muslims can however make use of existing South African law provisions in order to apply certain Islamic laws within the South African context. This article looks at the practical application of the Islamic law of succession and administration of estates within the South African context by way of a fictitious scenario. It highlights some of the problem areas when a Muslim testator or testatrix bequeaths his or her estate in terms of Islamic law by means of a will (Islamic will).
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Mupangavanhu, Brighton M., and Yeukai Mupangavanhu. "Alignment of Student Discipline Design and Administration to Constitutional and National Law Imperatives in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i2a2564.
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Higher Learning Institutions (HEIs) have an important role to play in the promotion of respect for fundamental human rights and other constitutional imperatives. This article will demonstrate that the design and administration of student discipline at HEIs qualifies to be administrative action. As such, the article will identify the constitutional and other legislative principles which can help student discipline to be aligned to the requirements of just administrative action, which are lawfulness, procedural fairness and reasonableness. The article will explore challenges faced by student discipline and proffer recommendations and suggestions for improved regulation and practice.
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Sippel, Harald. "Recht und Emotion: ‚German Angst‘ und das Verwaltungshandeln in Deutsch-Südwestafrika." Recht in Afrika 21, no. 2 (2018): 208–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2018-2-208.
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The paper establishes a relationship between the academic complex ‘Law and Emotion’ and the concept of ‘German Angst’ using the example of the former colony German South West Africa. ‘German Angst’ is a special manifestation of the feeling of fear. It describes a merely perceived threat, an unfounded anxiety, which under certain circumstances should be typical of “the Germans”. The article examines whether what is today understood by ‘German Angst’ had already been influencing the extreme colonial administrative action and legislative measures towards the African population in German South West Africa compared to other former German overseas territories.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Administrative law – South Africa"
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Maree, Petrus Jacobus Hermanus. "Investigating an alternative administrative-law system in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85591.
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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation considers the question whether there are viable alternatives to the conceptual framework within which the South African administrative-law system operates, given that the administration now functions under new constitutional demands and new approaches to administrative engagement. The intention is not to proffer concrete recommendations for such a system, but only to propose an approach by means of which questions concerning the legal regulation of the administration and administrative function may be addressed. The dissertation introduces the concept of the contextualised administrative-law system. This concept emphasises the legal relationship between the public administration and the judiciary, but is not limited to this relationship. The administrative-law system does not operate in a vacuum, though, and is informed by the conceptual framework within which the system operates. The system is also a function of its geo-political and socio-economic context. The historical development of the doctrine of separation of powers, as one aspect of the conceptual framework, is traced. Thereby the normative, dynamic and flexible nature of the doctrine is established. On this basis, the potential and value of a fourth branch, the administration, within the separation-of-powers doctrine is assessed. By implication, the administrative function would constitute a fourth, distinct function in addition to the legislative, executive and judicial functions. The concept of the administrative-law system is consequently applied to the South African context. Firstly, the development of the South African system is outlined and, secondly, the administrative-law relationship is analysed. This discussion establishes that the system is characterised by an embryonic administrative law, the equating of administrative law and judicial review, an emphasis on the rule-of-law or “red-light” approach to administrative regulation, a rhetoric of deference, and the supremacy of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Therefore, the system must be informed by the Constitution and, arguably, by Karl Klare’s project of transformative constitutionalism and Etienne Mureinik’s “culture of justification”. The content of the separation of powers is also investigated by means of an historical analysis of the considerations that rationalise the existence of an independent administrative jurisdiction in France. This entails an exposition of the Conseil d’État’s structure, organisation and dual function. Principles that describe the French system, other than the pure separation of powers, are discussed, namely, the duality of jurisdiction, the separation of administrative and judicial authorities, the separation of the administrative jurisdiction and active administration, the maxim “to judge the administration is still administering”, and the hybrid nature of administrative litigation. The legal regulation of public contracts can be regarded as a doctrinal perspective of the administrative-law system. The public contract is discussed as one form of administration, due to its conceptual ambiguity as a legal instrument on the boundary between public and private law and due to the administration’s increasing contractual activity. To an extent the contrat administratif of French law indicates that particular legal rules are an extension of the broader principles, considerations and institutional structures discussed in the preceding sections. This dissertation introduces an approach that emphasises the relationship between the administration and the judiciary as well as the conceptual framework within which the administrative-law system operates. Through the application of this approach to the South African context and to public contracting the key concepts and debates underlying an appropriate administrative-law system in South Africa are identified and investigated. This constitutes a platform for the development of a particular administrative-law system and an exposition of viable alternatives to the conceptual framework within which the system operates.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die vraag of daar lewensvatbare alternatiewe tot die konseptuele raamwerk van die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse administratiefreg-stelsel moontlik is. Dié vraag word gestel teen die agtergrond van die nuwe grondwetlike vereistes en benaderings waaraan administratiewe interaksie moet voldoen. Die bedoeling is nie om aanbevelings vir die bestaande stelsel te maak nie, maar eerder om ‘n benadering voor te stel waarin vrae oor die regulering van die administrasie en die administratiewe funksie geakkommodeer kan word. In die proses skep die proefskrif ‘n nuwe konsep: die administratiefreg-stelsel in konteks, wat die regsverhouding tussen die administrasie en die regbank beklemtoon, terwyl dit nie beperk is tot die verhouding nie. Uiteraard word die administratiefregstelsel beïnvloed deur die konseptuele raamwerk waarin dit funksioneer, terwyl dit verder ook ‘n funksie is van sy geopolitiese en sosio-ekonomiese konteks. Die historiese ontwikkeling van die skeiding van magte, een aspek van die konseptuele raamwerk, word bespreek en daardeur word die normatiewe, dinamiese en buigsame aard van die leerstuk bevestig. Hiermee word die potensiaal en waarde van ‘n vierde been, naamlik die administrasie, binne die skeiding-van-magte leerstuk oorweeg, met die implikasie dat die administratiewe funksie ‘n onafhanklike, vierde funksie vestig, benewens die wetgewende, uitvoerende en regsprekende funksies. Die konsep van die administratiefreg-stelsel word gevolglik toegepas op die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks. Eerstens word die ontwikkeling van die Suid-Afrikaanse stelsel uiteengesit en dan tweedens word die administratiefreg-verhouding ontleed. Hierdie bespreking bevestig dat die stelsel gekenmerk word deur ‘n onderontwikkelde administratiefreg, die gelykstelling van die administratiefreg en geregtelike hersiening, die beklemtoning van die regstaat en ‘n sogenaamde rooilig-benadering tot administratiewe regulasie, ‘n retoriek van geregtike agting, en die oppergesag van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996. Juis as gevolg hiervan moet die stelsel op die Grondwet gegrond word. Daar word ook geargumenteer dat Karl Klare se transformerende konstitusionalisme sowel as Etienne Mureinik se kultuur van regverdiging die stelsel vorm behoort te gee. Die skeiding van magte se inhoud word ook aan ‘n historiese ontleding van Franse reg onderwerp om sodoende die rasionaal agter die onafhanklike administratiewe jurisdiksie in Frankryk te verduidelik. Dit behels ‘n uiteensetting van die Conseil d’État se struktuur, interne organisering en tweeledige funksie. Die beginsels wat die Franse stelsel beskryf, bo-en-behalwe die suiwer skeiding van magte, word bespreek en dit is by name die dualiteit van jurisdiksie, die skeiding van administratiewe en regsprekende owerhede, die skeiding van die administratiewe jurisdiksie en aktiewe administrasie, die leuse wanneer die administrasie beoordeel word, word daar steeds administreer, en die gemengde aard van administratiewe regsgedinge. Die openbare kontrak word bespreek as ‘n instrument van administrasie gegewe die konseptuele dubbelsinnigheid van daardie regskonsep, wat op die grens tussen publiek- en privaatreg lê, en as gevolg van die administrasie se toenemende kontraktuele aktiwiteit. In ‘n mate dui die Franse contrat administratif daarop dat bepaalde regsreëls ‘n uitbreiding van die breër beginsels, oorwegings en institusionele strukture is, soos in die voorafgaande afdelings bespreek word. Dus stel hierdie proefskrif ‘n benadering voor wat die verhouding tussen die administrasie en die regbank, sowel as die konseptuele raamwerk waarbinne die administratiefreg-stelsel funksioneer, beklemtoon. Deur hierdie benadering toe te pas op die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, en op openbare kontraktering, word die konsepte en debatte geïdentifiseer en ondersoek wat ‘n gepaste administratiefreg-stelsel onderskryf. Dit vorm ‘n basis vir die ontwikkeling van ‘n bepaalde administratiefregstelsel en die uiteensetting van lewensvatbare alternatiewe tot die konseptuele raamwerk waarbinne die stelsel funksioneer.
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Janse, van Rensburg Sean. "Administrative Penalties in South African Competition Law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75220.
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Competition law has been defined as the rules or provisions which aim to ensure and sustain a market where vigorous, but fair competition will result in the most efficient allocation of economic resources and production of goods and services at the lowest price. The goal, which competition law wishes to attain, is to level the playing field where both small and large firms can compete with one another, fairly and competitively, which in turn leads to a greater benefit for the consumer.
South African competition authorities consider cartels as the most egregious of all competition law contraventions because of their harmful impact upon consumers, economic development and the market. Cartel activities are formed in secret and this renders these activities more dangerous, because it is difficult for competition authorities to detect and prosecute them. In South Africa, cartels are regulated in terms of section 4(1)(b) of the Competition Act 89 of 1998, which practices are per se prohibited. Section 4(1)(b) specifically lists the following activities as cartel practices: price fixing, bid rigging and market allocation.
Administrative penalties are a common retributive and preventative tool in numerous jurisdictions, including South Africa, which are imposed on firms which participate in cartel activities. Section 59 of the Competition Act postulates that an administrative penalty may be imposed by the Tribunal on a contravening firm, should it be found that such firm has engaged in such prohibited practices.
The penalty may be determined and enforced in one of two ways, either unilaterally by the Competition Tribunal in terms of section 59 of the Competition Act, or in terms of a consent agreement concluded between the contravening firms and the Competition Commission, which agreement needs to be approved and enforced by the Tribunal in terms of Section 58 of the Competition Act.
The primary objective of the imposition of administrative penalties on cartelists is to both prevent and deter cartel behaviour. It is not a perfect system and has faced its challenges over time. The issues which the competition authorities have had with the imposition of administrative penalties relates to, inter alia, the quantification thereof, the enforcement thereof and the economic and social impact that such penalties have on the contravening firms, its employees and the consumers in general.
This dissertation will interrogate the manner in which the competition authorities have approached the imposition of administrative fines. The focus will be on fines imposed for cartel conduct as set out in section 4(1)(b) of the Competition Act. The objective is to determine whether South Africa’s approach to the imposition of administrative fines is in need of reform, and if so, to make suitable recommendations.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Voultsos, Leon. "Fairness of a dismissal from a contractural and administrative law perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1288.
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Section 157 of the LRA provides for the nature and extent of the Labour Courts jurisdiction. This provision has been subjected to extensive interpretation by the Judiciary and the various interpretations of the courts have not been entirely consistent. Specific mention is made of the relevance and applicability of section 157(1) and (2) of the LRA regarding the overlap between administrative law and contractual law into labour law. Reference will be made to case law specifically dealing with cases concerning the jurisdiction of the civil courts and labour courts where cases concerning employment and labour matters were brought either in terms of the PAJA or on the basis of contract law. The question arose whether matters which appear to be quintessential labour matters but simultaneously also capable of being entertained on the basis of the PAJA or in terms of contract law are matters which, generally, in terms of section 157(1) of the LRA fall within the exclusive preserve of the Labour Court or, in terms of section 157(2) of the LRA, fall within the concurrent jurisdiction of the High Court and the Labour Court. The discussion which follows will also include reference to the current legal position pertaining to the prohibition of public sector employees from pressing their claims relating to employment or labour matters in the civil courts on the basis of the PAJA as decided in the Chirwa v Transnet Ltd (2008) 2 BLLR 97 (CC) and; the impact thereof on employees pressing claims pertaining to employment and labour matters in the civil courts on the basis of contract law. In addition the similarity of considerations which are common to both administrative law and contract law regarding the “overlap” of each into labour law will be considered and discussed. In the light of the discussion which follows agreement will be expressed with certain decisions of the High Court and the SCA where civil courts were held to retain jurisdiction to entertain common law contractual claims concerning labour and iv employment matters as opposed to restricting all employment and labour matters to the forums established under the LRA and to claims and remedies which are provided for by the LRA.
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Plasket, Clive. "The fundamental right to just administrative action: judicial review of administrative action in the democratic South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003208.
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For most of its existence South African administrative law has been shaped by the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty – the heart of the constitutional order from 1910 to 1994 – and a racist political system that favoured the white minority at the expense of the black majority. In these circumstances, the rules of administrative law were of limited use in protecting the individual from exercises of administrative power that infringed fundamental human rights, often on a grand scale. On 27 April 1994, however, a new political and constitutional order came into existence that swept away the very foundations of the old order: parliamentary sovereignty was replaced by constitutional supremacy and the racial exclusivity of the old order was replaced by a commitment to equality, freedom and dignity in a democratic state. A justiciable Bill of Rights was at centre stage in this new order. That Bill of Rights includes a fundamental right to just administrative action. It is both the new constitutional order and this rather unusual fundamental right that have changed the nature of South African administrative law. This thesis examines the effect of the fundamental right to just administrative action on the law and practice of the judicial review of administrative action. It does so principally by examining the legal position before and after 27 April 1994 with particular reference to: what is meant by administrative action; the exercise of administrative power by private bodies regulated by the rules of administrative law, on the one hand, and exercises of private power regulated by rules of private law, on the other; the rules of standing, the notion of justiciability and the constitutionality of rules that seek to limit the right of the individual to approach a court to review administrative action; the meaning and scope of the right to lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair administrative action, in terms of the common law, the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000; the meaning, scope and efficacy of the rights to reasons for administrative actions and of access to information; the procedure of judicial review and remedies that may be granted for the infringement of a person’s right to just administrative action; and conclusions and recommendations with regard to progress made in the construction of South Africa’s new, democratically based, administrative law.
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Madebwe, Tinashe Masvimbo. "Assessing the duty to exhaust internal remedies in the South African law." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007253.
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Since the incorporation of the separation of powers doctrine into the South African Constitution, the problem has arisen that, each of the three tiers of government, the Executive, the Judiciary and the Legislature, has sought to protect exclusive jurisdiction over matters that fall within what constitutes that tier's own realm of authority. The effects of this are especially apparent in the field of dispute resolution in administrative law. The administration is predominantly the province of the Executive, and to a lesser extent, the Legislature. Thus, the acceptability of judicial review in dispute resolution and generally, the intrusion by the Judiciary in matters of the administration is perennially questioned and challenged by both the Executive and the Legislature. In this context, the duty to exhaust internal remedies assumes a pivotal role. It offers a compromise, by prescribing qualified exclusion of judicial review as a first port of call for dispute resolution while simultaneously entrusting initial dispute resolution to the administration. Often, this approach yields tangible results, but from a constitutional and fundamental rights perspective, the duty to exhaust internal remedies is problematic. Its exclusion of judicial review goes against, not only the right of access to court in section 34 of the Constitution, but also the rule of law, to the extent that the rule of law allows for the challenging, in court, of illegal administrative action as soon as it is taken. This thesis analyses the constitutionality of the duty to exhaust internal remedies in section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act by assessing the consistency of section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act with the right of access to court in section 34 of the Constitution. The thesis initially examines the origins and historical development of the duty to exhaust internal remedies in the English law, and the subsequent adoption of the duty to exhaust internal remedies into the South African common law for the purpose of interpreting and comprehending the duty to exhaust internal remedies as it is appears in section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. Ultimately, the study focuses on and identifies the deficiencies in the current approach to the question of the constitutionality of section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, and offers suggestions on how the law might be developed.
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Armstrong, Gillian Claire. "Administrative justice and tribunals in South Africa : a commonwealth comparison." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17997.
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Thesis (LLM )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the field of administrative law, the judiciary has traditionally exercised control over the administrative actions of the executive through judicial review. However, judicial review is neither the most effective nor the most efficient primary control mechanism for systemic administrative improvement. In a country faced with a task of =transformative constitutionalism‘, and hindered with scarce resources, there is good cause to limit judicial intervention as the first response to administrative disputes. The major theme of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of administrative tribunal reform in South Africa, using two other commonwealth countries, Australia and England, as a basis for comparison. Australia and England have been chosen for comparison because they share similar administrative law traditions and they can provide working models of coherent tribunal structures. The Australian tribunal system is well-established and consists of tribunals which fall under the control of the executive, while tribunals in England have recently undergone a significant transformation, and are now part of the independent judiciary. The South African government currently spends, indeed wastes, a significant amount of money on administrative law litigation. Due to the limitations of judicial review, even after the high costs of litigation and the long duration of court proceedings, the results achieved may still be unsatisfactory. Furthermore, judicial review is unsuited to giving effect to systemic administrative change and the improvement of initial decision-making. Australia and England have begun to move away from the traditional court model for the resolution of administrative disputes. Both have indicated a preference for the important role of tribunals in the administration of disputes. Tribunals have been shown to offer the advantage of being speedier, cheaper, more efficient, more participatory and more accessible than traditional courts, which contributes to tribunals being a more available resource for lay people or people without sophisticated legal knowledge, and provides wider access to remedies than courts. The English and Australian models indicate a few important trends which need to be applied universally to ensure a sustained tribunal reform and a system which provides a higher level of administrative redress than the over-burdened and institutionally inept courts currently do. These include co-operation among government departments and tribunals; open and accountable systemic change; the need for supervision and evaluation of the whole of administrative law by an independent and competent body; and ultimately a focus on the needs of users of state services. At the same time, there are arguments against administrative tribunal reform. These include the costs of reform; the ways to establish tribunals; and the level of independence shown by the tribunals. These arguments are especially relevant in the South African context, where the government faces huge social problems and a scarcity of resources. However, after an analysis of the valuable characteristics of tribunals and the role that they serve in the day to day administration of justice, it is difficult to see how these objections to tribunals can outweigh their potential importance in the administrative justice system. The need for sustained systematic reform in South Africa is one that cannot be ignored. Tribunals offer a valuable alternative to judicial review for the resolution of administrative disputes. Furthermore, the tribunal systems of Australia and England demonstrate how the effective creation and continued use of comprehensive tribunal structures contributes firstly to cost reduction and secondly to ease the administrative burden on courts who are not suited to cure large-scale administrative error.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die administratiefreg oefen die regsprekende gesag tradisioneel beheer uit oor die uitvoerende gesag deur middel van geregtelike hersiening. Geregtelike hersiening is egter nie die mees doeltreffende of effektiewe primêre beheermeganisme om sistemiese administratiewe verbetering teweeg te bring nie. In 'n land met die uitdagings van 'transformatiewe konstitusionalisme‘ en skaars hulpbronne, kan 'n goeie argument gevoer word dat geregtelike inmenging as die eerste antwoord op administratiewe dispute beperk moet word. Die deurlopende tema van hierdie tesis is 'n ondersoek na die lewensvatbaarheid van hervorming van administratiewe tribunale in Suid-Afrika, in vergelyking met die posisie in Australië en Engeland, waarvan beide ook, tesame met Suid-Afrika, deel vorm van die Statebond. Hierdie lande is gekies vir regsvergelykende studie aangesien hulle 'n administratiefregtelike tradisie met Suid-Afrika deel en beide werkende modelle van duidelike tribunale strukture daarstel. Die Australiese tribunale stelsel is goed gevestig en bestaan uit tribunale onder die beheer van die uitvoerende gesag, terwyl die tribunale stelsel in Engeland onlangs 'n beduidende hervorming ondergaan het en nou deel van die onafhanklike regsprekende gesag is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering mors aansienlike hoeveelhede geld op administratiefregtelike litigasie. Selfs na hoë koste en lang vertragings van litigasie mag die resultate steeds onbevredigend wees as gevolg van die beperkings inherent aan geregtelike hersiening. Tesame met hierdie oorwegings is geregtelike hersiening ook nie gerig op sistemiese administratiewe verandering en verbetering van aanvanklike besluitneming nie. Australië en Engeland het onlangs begin wegbeweeg van die tradisionele hof-gebaseerde model vir die oplossing van administratiewe dispute. Beide toon 'n voorkeur vir die belangrike rol wat tribunale in die administrasie van dispute kan speel Tribunale bied die bewese voordele om vinniger, goedkoper, meer doeltreffend, meer deelnemend en meer toeganklik te wees as tradisionele howe, sodat tribunale 'n meer beskikbare hulpbron is vir leke, oftewel, persone sonder gesofistikeerde regskennis en dus beter toegang tot remedies as tradisionele howe verskaf. Die Engelse en Australiese modelle dui op enkele belangrike tendense wat universeel toegepas moet word om volgehoue tribunale hervorming te verseker en om =n stelsel te skep wat 'n hoër vlak van administratiewe geregtigheid daarstel as wat oorlaaide en institusioneel onbekwame howe kan. Dit verwys bepaald na samewerking tussen staatsdepartemente en tibunale; deursigtige en verantwoordbare sistemiese veranderinge; die behoefte aan toesighouding en evaluasie van die hele administratiefreg deur 'n onafhanklike, bevoegde liggaam; en uiteindelik 'n fokus op die behoeftes van die gebruikers van staatsdienste. Daar is egter terselfdertyd ook argumente teen administratiewe tribunale hervorming. Hierdie argumente sluit in die koste van hervorming; die wyses waarop tribunale gevestig word; en die vlak van onafhanklikheid voorgehou deur tribunale. Hierdie argumente is veral relevant in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks waar die regering voor groot sosiale probleme te staan kom en daarby ingesluit, 'n tekort aan hulpbronne ook moet hanteer. Daarenteen is dit moeilik om in te sien hoe enige teenkanting en teenargumente met betrekking tot die vestiging van administratiewe tribunale swaarder kan weeg as die potensiële belang van sulke tribunale in die administratiewe geregtigheidstelsel, veral nadat 'n analise van die waardevolle karaktereienskappe van tribunale en die rol wat hulle speel in die dag-tot-dag administrasie van geregtigheid onderneem is. Die behoefte aan volhoubare sistemiese hervorming in Suid-Afrika kan nie geïgnoreer word nie. Tribunale bied 'n waardevolle alternatief tot geregtelike hersiening met die oog op die oplossing van administratiewe dispute. Tesame hiermee demonstreer die tribunale stelsels in Australië en Engeland hoe die doeltreffende vestiging en deurlopende gebruik van omvattende tribunale bydra, eerstens om kostes verbonde aan die oplossing van administratiewe dispute te verlaag en tweedens, om die administratiewe las op die howe, wat nie aangelê is daarvoor om grootskaalse administratiewe foute reg te stel nie, te verlig.
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Fletcher, John. "The courts cut out : administrative law and detention without trial in South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385372.
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Mosdell, Susan Carolyn. "The role of municipalities in energy governance in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20812.
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It is commonly known and acknowledged in contemporary times that the burning of coal and other fossil fuels has caused environmental harm on a global scale, especially global warming caused by emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. Nuclear energy does not cause emissions, but the risk of nuclear accidents is a deadly and serious one for communities close to nuclear power stations.8 Furthermore, humans have not yet found a completely safe method for disposal of nuclear waste.9 Florini and Sovacool write that global energy governance is currently on an unsustainable and conflict-prone path. There are issues of unreliable supply, brittle and vulnerable energy infrastructure, massive environmental degradation, and failure to deliver energy services.10 Udall goes so far as to say that 'energy is the original currency', and that mankind is at the beginning of a period of resource nationalism.11 Victor and Yueh endorse this view, saying that the decade between 2000 and 2010 has seen governments in all the large consumer nations of the world besieged by doubts about their energy security.12 The increasing demand for energy across the world has a number of consequences. Among these, the most challenging for governments is the association of energy generation with climate change, resulting from emission of greenhouse gases in the process of burning fossil-based fuels to generate electricity.13 Victor and Yueh describe the energy sector as one of the most exciting technological frontiers in the world, with many countries changing their expectation as to what the sector should deliver, due to climate change.14 Across the world, renewable energy sources are being recognised as the safest and most desirable energy sources, as they are largely free of emissions and are non-depletable.15 In South Africa the legislative framework explicitly promotes the development and use of renewable energy. In this dissertation it will be shown how municipalities in South Africa can play a valuable role in energy governance, which, it is posited, is a central element of their legislative responsibilities with regard to service delivery, upholding of the Bill of Rights, promoting a safe and healthy environment, promoting local economic development, and other issues.
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Zondi, Nokulunga. "Assessing public-private-partnerships in South Africa and how administrative law should respond." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30114.
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In today’s highly globalized and technological societies, it has become more difficult for public entities to maintain high quality public services, especially given recent ecological concerns. Thus, many public entities have turned to privatisation, promising to maintain public service with the efficiency of private companies and markets. Nonetheless, there are clear drawbacks to privatisation, such as the promised public services being drowned out in favour of more profitable schemes. The compromise, here, is the ascension of public-private-partnerships (PPPs), which are agreements in which private entities are bound to maintain certain public services while taking ownership, in limited form, of public property. The concerns of relying on PPPs for utility services are explored in this dissertation. In particular, the case of Eskom taking control of electricity provision in South Africa through a PPP is assessed in the context of a similar arrangement in Germany. It is the conclusion of this dissertation that if administrative law is not responsive to the threats to the impoverished populations in South Africa not having access to electricity, then an infringement of fundamental human rights may occur.
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Schweitzer, A. G. "Aspects of the administrative law relationship between the taxpayer and the Commissioner for Inland Revenue." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22172.
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Bibliography: pages 133-135.There is an administrative law relationship between the taxpayer and the Commissioner for Inland Revenue, (hereinafter referred to as 'the Commissioner') The basis of this relationship is that the Commissioner is required to collect tax and the taxpayer is required to pay the tax. In exercising his powers under the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (hereinafter referred to as the Act), the Commissioner has been conferred with discretionary powers. In this thesis, this administrative law relationship is examined with specific reference to the means of regulating the exercise by the Commissioner of his discretionary powers. There are a number of ways in which the discretionary powers of the Commissioner may be regulated. Generally discretion may be regulated by 'rule based administrative action' (1). This means that discretionary power is exercised subject to internal rules which state how discretionary power must be exercised. Another method of regulating the exercise of discretionary power is subsumed under the category of 'adjudicative techniques of decision' (2). The essence of the latter category is that the affected person participates in the decision which affects him. The exercise of discretionary power may be regulated furthermore if the Minister who has responsibility for the Department is required to be responsible for and account publicly for the actions of his subordinate. In this thesis, examples of rule based administrative action and adjudicative techniques of decision are examined.
Books on the topic "Administrative law – South Africa"
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Devenish, G. E. Administrative law and justice in South Africa. Durban: Butterworths, 2001.
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Cloete, Jacobus Johannes Nicolaas. Accountable government and administration for the Republic of South Africa. Hatfield, Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1996.
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McQuoid-Mason, David Jan, and Linda Coetzee. Street law South Africa: Practical law for South Africans : educator's manual. 2nd ed. Lansdowne [South Africa]: Juta, 2005.
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Lange, Claudia. Unreasonableness as a ground of judicial review in South Africa: Constitutional challenges for South Africa's administrative law : including comparative aspects of German public law. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2002.
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Workshop on Controlling Public Power in Southern Africa (1996 Cape Town, South Africa). Administrative justice in Southern Africa: Proceedings of the Workshop on Controlling Public Power in Southern Africa held in Cape Town, South Africa, 8-11 March 1996. [Cape Town]: Dept. of Public Law, University of Cape Town, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Administrative law – South Africa"
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Kemp, Gerhard. "South Africa." In Homicide in Criminal Law, 195–215. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Substantive issues in criminal law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351016315-12.
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Knobel, Johann C. "South Africa." In Tort and Insurance Law, 484–516. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6120-3_21.
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Theron, Jan, and Ursula Titus. "South Africa." In International Handbook of Cooperative Law, 687–700. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30129-2_32.
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Sundaram, Jae. "South Africa." In Pharmaceutical Patent Protection and World Trade Law, 169–96. New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in intellectual property: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315267692-10.
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Collier, Debbie. "South Africa." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 431–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90068-1_24.
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Bright, Rachel K. "Adapting the Stereotype: Race and Administrative Control." In Chinese Labour in South Africa, 1902–10, 141–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316578_7.
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Neethling, Johann. "Punitive Damages in South Africa." In Tort and Insurance Law, 123–36. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-92211-8_8.
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Strunz, Balthasar. "Competition Law in South Africa." In The Interface of Competition Law, Industrial Policy and Development Concerns, 143–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57627-4_5.
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Lee, Yong-Shik. "Law and development in South Africa." In Law and Development, 88–110. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in development economics; 143: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315150253-5.
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Rucell, Jessica. "Health system accountability in South Africa." In Childbirth, Vulnerability and Law, 111–31. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429443718-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Administrative law – South Africa"
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Mostert, Sias, Mothibi Ramusi, Herman Steyn, and Martin Jacobs. "A National Pathfinder Satellite for South Africa." In 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-05-b5.1.03.
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Butgereit, Laurie. "Covid-19 New Cases Measurements and Benford's Law with Specific Focus on South Africa." In 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icabcd51485.2021.9519321.
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Николаев, Александр Геннадьевич, and Александр Олегович Джиоев. "ORGANIZATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE POLICE UNITS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH OSSETIA TO ENSURE PUBLIC SAFETY." In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp317.2021.36.94.009.
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В статье рассмотрены вопросы организации деятельности милиции Республики Южная Осетия в сфере обеспечения общественной безопасности. Раскрываются отдельные аспекты ее деятельности, связанные с административно-правовым регулированием, формированием организационных структур, выполняемыми правоохранительными функциями, подбором и расстановкой персонала, а также их мотивации к добросовестному несению службы. The article deals with the issues of organizing the activities of the militia of the Republic of South Ossetia in the field of ensuring public safety. The article reveals certain aspects of its activities related to administrative and legal regulation, the formation of organizational structures, performed by law enforcement functions, the selection and placement of personnel, as well as their motivation for conscientious service.
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.
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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
Reports on the topic "Administrative law – South Africa"
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa: Towards a public law perspective on constitutional privacy in the era of digitalisation. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/04.
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In this working paper, our focus is on the constitutional debates and case law regarding the right to privacy, adopting a method that is largely theoretical. In an accompanying separate working paper, A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector, we employ the analysis developed here and focus on the specific case of digital technologies in the health sector. The topic and task of these papers lie at the confluence of many areas of contemporary society. To demonstrate and apply the argument of this paper, it would be possible and valuable to extend its analysis into any of numerous spheres of social life, from energy to education to policing to child care. In our accompanying separate paper, we focus on only one policy domain – the health sector. Our aim is to demonstrate our argument about the significance of a public law perspective on the constitutional right to privacy in the age of digitalisation, and attend to several issues raised by digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. For the most part, we focus on technologies that have health benefits and privacy costs, but we also recognise that certain technologies have health costs and privacy benefits. We also briefly outline the recent establishment (and subsequent events) in South Africa of a contact tracing database responding to the COVID-19 pandemic – the COVID-19 Tracing Database – a development at the interface of the law enforcement and health sectors. Our main point in this accompanying paper is to demonstrate the value that a constitutional right to privacy can bring to the regulation of digital technologies in a variety of legal frameworks and technological settings – from public to private, and from the law of the constitution to the ‘law’ of computer coding.
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.
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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.