Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ADN polymerase I'
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Saulier-Le, Dréan Bénédicte. "Isolement et caracterisation d'un adn complementaire de la poly(adp-ribose) polymerase chez l'amphibien xenopus laevis." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1S011.
Full textFeugeas, Olivier. "Pcr (polymerase chain reaction) et vih." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M264.
Full textGielly, Ludovic. "ADN chloroplastique et phylogénies intragénériques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10051.
Full textFerrigno, Olivier. "Les elements transposables sine b2 fournissent un promoteur arn polymerase ii mobile." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5357.
Full textKandan-Kulangara, Febitha. "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and RNA interference (RNAI) during cell death." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25972.
Full textCasefont-Ducancelle, Alexandra. "ADN polymérase du cytomégalovirus humain : activité enzymatique et sensibilité aux entiviraux." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N15S.
Full textAnti-cytomegalovirus drug foscarnet, is an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase pUL54. We aimed to analyse the impact of UL54 mutations on polymerase activity and foscarnet resistance. Mutations were introduced by mutagenesis into gene UL54 and wild-type and mutated DNA polymerases were expressed in vitro. We developed a colorimetric assay to measure DNA polymerase activity in the absence and presence of foscarnet. We demonstrated the usefulness of this DNA polymerase phenotypic assay for the characterization of mutation suspected to confer foscarnet resistance. Change N495K and combination of S291P and combination and K415R were shown to induce foscarnet resistance for the first time, confirming the wide distribution of foscarnet-resistance mutations through gene UL54. The role of N495K was confirmed by rescue marker. We assessed the major role of serine 771 on polymerase catalytic function and of amino-acids 412 and 413 on 3'5' exonuclease activity
Le, Cam Eric. "Conformation de l'ADN et interactions ADN-protéines en microscopie électronique." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T007.
Full textCausse, Xavier. "Interet de l'adn polymerase du virus de l'hepatite b dans l'evaluation therapeutique des hepatites chroniques a vhb seul." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M125.
Full textRalec, Céline. "ADN polymérases et acides nucléiques endommagés chez les Archaea : maintenance génonique et Biotechnologies." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0057/document.
Full textHyperthermophilic Archaea that thrive under harsh environments (elevated temperature, pH shifts, andionizing radiations) are supposed to be exposed to massive DNA damages. However, the mutations frequencies in hyperthermophilic Archaea are comparable with those of other microorganisms (1) indicating they are equipped with unique and efficient molecular mechanisms to ensure their genome integrity. DNA replication is an essential and conserved process among the three domains of life. DNA polymerases are central enzymes involved in the joining of deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs) to form the growing DNA chain. In Pyrococcus abyssi (Pab), two familiesDNA polymerases have been described as replicases, one family B (PabPol B) with structural diversity and common mechanisms among all organisms in the three domains of life, and one family D found exclusively in Euryarchaea. All members of archaeal family B DNA polymerases possess a unique structural feature involved in the recognition of deaminated bases (uracil and hypoxanthine) called uracil-pocket. During my PhD, it has been shown that not only deaminated but also canonical bases (A, T, C, G) could enter this pocket in PabPolB. We therefore renamed it as the base-checking pocket and proposed a role in the high fidelity of PabPolB. High-resolution crystal structures of PabPolBhig hlighted the presence of divalent metal ion to the proximity of the base-checking pocket. It has been suggested that thismetal ion may modulate the recognition of deaminated bases and the translocation of PabPolB on DNA during DNAsynthesis. Moreover, the crucial role of metal ion on DNA synthesis and exonuclease activity by PabPolB has beenevaluated. DNA polymerisation in the presence of calcium was as effective as the universal magnesium ion while showing different time-course kinetics. For the first time, intracellular concentrations of nucleotides (dNTPs and NTPs) have been determined in an archaeal microorganism. dNTPs and NTPs concentrations seem rather elevated for Pab than in the eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, suggesting a constitutive mechanism for protecting the genome from DNAdamage. Overall, these results contributed to unravel specific molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the genome integrity with a particular emphasis on molecules (DNA polymerases, dNTPs and NTPs) crucial for cellular life
Pion, Emmanuelle. "Etude du mécanisme d'interaction du domaine de liaison à l'ADN de la poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP-1) avec des cibles nucléiques." Strasbourg 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13030.
Full textActivation of Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (hPARP-1) is an immediate response to DNA damage. For the research of antitumor agents in addition of actual chemotherapies and radiotherapies, the protein PARP-1 is a good target since it is implicated in facilitating DNA repair. Due to the highly conserved catalytic domain into the whole PARPs family, the elucidation of the molecular binding mechanism appears essential not only for a better knowledge of its biological function but also for developing specific inhibitors. In this context, we have analyzed the binding mechanism of PARP-1 in the presence of nucleic acid targets in order to better understand the protein's function. After the characterization of the fluorescence properties of the PARP-1 DBD, we have determined, the binding parameters of the PARP-1 DBD. This study showed that the recognition of a DNA junction between a double strand and a single strand bearing a 5' recessed end by DBD is highly specific. Trp residues seem to be directly implicated in the nucleic acids binding by stacking interactions. We also modelized the binding and demonstrated a protein PARP-1 dimerization. The asymmetric protection of DBD to DNA seems to be correlated with the formation of a catalytic dimer. Poly(ADP-ribose)activity measurements associated with fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the activity levels of PARP-1 is strongly correlated with the binding stochioemetry. Even, a tightly relation was established between the binding stochiometry and the nucleic acids structures. Indeed, a great activity is measured when a DBD dimer is formed. Finally, by generating a mutant of DBD PARP-1 in position Trp51 in the zinc finger FI, we have detailed the implication of this Trp residue in the DBD structures maintain. By this work, the Trp51 seems to be relevant for keeping the binding properties of the DBD PARP-1
Monlun, Eric. "Diagnostic virologique des infections a papillomavirus de type 16 et 18 : mise au point d'une technique d'amplification genomique (pcr : [polymerase chain reaction])." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M093.
Full textBourguet, Pierre. "Etude des voies de silencing transciptionnel indépendantes de la méthylation ADN chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC091/document.
Full textTranscriptional gene silencing hinders deleterious transcription of some genes and transposable elements. Silencing is maintained by numerous chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation and repressive histone marks. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of silencing, we conducted a forward genetic screen using a transgene reporter system targeted by transcriptional gene silencing in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We isolated a first type of mutants with diminished maintenance of silencing and a second category that displayed deficient release of transgene silencing upon heat stress. We then combined molecular, cytological and genomic methods to characterize the defects associated with these mutations.First, we show that the Mediator subunit MED14 and the TFIIH complex subunit UVH6 are required for heat-stress-induced release of silencing. We further show that MED14, but not UVH6, promotes transcriptional activation of transposable elements in mutant contexts where silencing is defective. Importantly, MED14 is only required when DNA methylation is not affected, suggesting that MED14 has a specialized function to promote transcription of heterochromatin. Furthermore, we show that MED14 promote DNA methylation at targets regulated by RNA-directed DNA methylation.Characterizing mutants from the first category, we unveil the contribution of the MAIN and MAIL1 proteins into transcriptional gene silencing, and show that they likely act through a pathway independent of known silencing factors. Interestingly, MAIN and MAIL1 bear a protein domain that is shared with transposable elements, and that has been captured by transposable elements and genes throughout the evolutionary history of flower plants.Additionally, we confirm the involvement of the DNA polymerase epsilon in transcriptional gene silencing by isolating a new mutation of the POL2A gene among mutants of the first category. We characterize the effects of the pol2a mutation on several heterochromatin properties, and show that the pol2a mutant retains high levels of heterochromatin marks despite having highly disorganized heterochromatin. We actually detect a strong elevation of DNA methylation in the pol2a mutant and explore different hypothesis to explain this unusual phenotype. We show that increased expression of the CMT3 chromomethylase is a likely cause, but that additional molecular mechanisms are probably involved. Further exploration suggests that constitutive replicative stress occurring in pol2a mutants could be an additional cause of DNA hypermethylation.To summarize, this work provide putative causes for DNA hypermethylation and silencing defects in a situation of replicative deficiency. Further investigation will be required to identify the molecular components involved in the mechanism. Our data further suggest that MED14 has a function dedicated to heterochromatin transcription that could promote DNA methylation maintenance
Harismendy, Olivier. "Etude de la régulation de la transcription par l'ARN polymérase III chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : approches par puces à ADN." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077094.
Full textIncan, Michel d'. "L'infection par le virus htlv-1 est-elle une etiologie des lymphomes cutanes a cellules t en france ? revue generale sur le virus htlv-1 en pathologie humaine, et etude personnelle de 42 cas de lymphomes cutanes au moyen de la technique d'amplification genique invi-vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13816.
Full textVelours, Christophe. "Réplication de l'ADN mitochondrial : identification d’une seconde activité ADN polymérase dans la mitochondrie de S.cerevisiae et Contribution à l’étude du réplisome mitochondrial." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21689/document.
Full textDuring yeast growth, cells must duplicate their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The replication process involved is less studied in mitochondria. Nevertheless, if multiple DNA polymerases are implicated in the nuclear replication and repair mechanisms, until now it is believed that only one DNA polymerase is involved in these processes in mitochondria. Recent results pointed out that the situation is more complicated than preliminary believed. To elucidate the replication process in yeast mitochondria I focused my interest in attempts to purify and characterize the replication complexes. This work was important to develop in accord with the discovery in the laboratory of a second DNA polymerase in addition to the polymerase gamma in yeast mitochondria. One first part of my thesis was to hardly purify enough of this enzyme to be allowed to identify it by mass spectrometry as the DNA polymerase alpha, encoded by the unique POL1 gene. By ultracentrifugation and biochemical techniques, I succeeded to purify the complex. Exclusion chromatographies were managed to elucidate the native mass of this complex. In addition ionic and hydrophobic chromatographic columns were carried out to determine its composition. Another way to study the complex was the reconstitution in vitro of the interactions happening with some usual suspect proteins with the help of chromatographic affinity columns. I reconstituted partly an interactions model network, including the two mitochondrial DNA polymerases and 5 others proteins implicated in replication. I determined the mass of different stable forms of the isolated complexes, around 500 kDa and over 1 MDa
Quintin, Justine. "Organisation de la chromatine et signalisation par les oestrogènes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S074/document.
Full textA given cell has to be able to adapt its fate and homeostasis in response to endogenous and exogenous signals. This adaptation occurs through finely tuned regulations of genes' expressions leading to the variation of their transcriptomes. Multiple parameters have to be integrated in order to provide such mechanisms of regulation. First, the primary sequence of the genome and its organization into chromatin are major regulatory components that harbor genetic, structural and epigenetic information. Second, the three-dimensional organization of the genome into the nucleus brings both physical and functional constraints that also contribute towards these regulatory processes. Here, we engaged a work aiming to understand and dissect how these several levels of information are integrated during the transcriptional regulation of colinear genes (cluster of genes) by the same signal. We took as a model the coordinated regulation of the estrogen-sensitive TFF cluster driven by the estrogen receptor (ER) and its pioneering factors (FOXA1, FOXA2 and GATAs) in mammary cancer cells. This cluster is located within the long arm of the chromosome 21, and contains the gene model termed TFF1. We used large-scale methods (ChIP-chip, ChIP-seq, 4C and microarray transcriptomic analyses) to decipher these dynamic mechanisms
Luque, Alejandro E. "La réplication de l'ADN nucléaire dans la cellule de blé : étude des facteurs réplicatifs et mise en place d'un système viral de réplication végétale." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28637.
Full textDaher, Rana. "Recombinase polymerase amplification technology : Assessment for nucleic acid-based acid-based point-of-care diagnostics." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26269.
Full textThis dissertation consists of an exhaustive study on an emerging technology for isothermal amplification of nucleic acids called recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The introduction of this thesis is a detailed description of the RPA. This review documents and discusses the various applications of this technology by pointing to the current knowledge about RPA for diagnostic applications. Despite the complex composition of RPA (6 to 7 proteins in the same reaction mixture), the latter was shown to be rapid (generating results in < 20 min), specific and sensitive (detecting few target genome copies), and applied widely in different fields. Based on these advantages, we assume that RPA has a flexibility allowing it to be used for the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases thus reducing time-to-result to less than an hour. Consequently, it will be possible to integrate RPA in microfluidic platforms providing a lab-on chip system. The first part of this doctoral project generated additional guidelines for RPA primers/probes design to develop specific RPA diagnostic assays. Second, we developed an RPA diagnostic test for the detection of group B streptococci, responsible for sepsis and meningitis in newborns. This assay was the first to evaluate RPA with human clinical samples. This diagnostic test was compared to a reference method, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This demonstration with clinical samples served to carry out the final objective of this project that was to automate RPA in a miniaturized microfluidic centripetal system. Collaboration with engineers and experts in materials has generated the microfluidic device called "blade" and the instrument involved in the operation of various mechanistic tasks. These preliminary results suggested that it will be important to provide an automated system applicable at bedside. Consequently, it will be possible to perform a complete analysis of infectious agents in less than an hour without the need for complex procedures for the preparation and transport of clinical specimens or the assistance of qualified personnel.
Daniel, Laurianne. "Human Ribosomal DNA and RNA Polymerase I Fate during UV-induced DNA Repair." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1093/document.
Full textNucleotide excision repair (NER) guarantees genome integrity and proper cellular functions against UV-induced DNA damage. After UV irradiation, one of the first burden cells have to cope with is a general transcriptional block caused by the stalling of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) onto distorting UV lesions. To insure UV lesions repair specifically on transcribed genes, NER is coupled with transcription in an extremely organized pathway known as Transcription-Coupled Repair (TCR). Most of the knowledge about TCR has been gathered from RNAP2 transcription. However, in highly metabolic cells, more than 60% of total cellular transcription results from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription, by the RNA polymerase I (RNAP1), which takes place in the nucleolus. Many nuclear proteins are excluded from the nucleolus and because of this some nucleolar processes cannot occur inside this structure. In order to be replicated and repaired rDNAs need to be displaced at the nucleolar periphery. Despite the importance of RNAP1 transcription, repair of the mammalian transcribed rDNA has been scarcely studied. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge no molecular mechanism has been proposed for rDNA displacement. Our study clearly demonstrated that the full TCR machinery is needed to repair UV-damaged rDNA and restart RNAP1 transcription. Our results show that UV lesions block RNAP1 transcription and that RNAP1 is firmly stalled onto rDNAs without being degraded. Our study also describes the displacement of the RNAP1/rDNA complex to the nucleolar periphery after UV irradiation and identifies both nuclear ß-actin and nuclear myosin I as factors required for this displacement
Lucas, Patrick. "Purification et caractérisation de deux ADN polymérases et d'une transcriptase inverse mitochondriales de la levure Saccharomyces Cerevisiae." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28654.
Full textIraqi, Ech-Chaoui Rafika. "Contribution a l'etude des adn polymerases d'embryon de ble : variation de leur taux d'activite au cours de la germination." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28295.
Full textFive factors implicated during DNA replication of wheat embryo were analysed. The factors are DNA polymerases (A, B and C), DNA primase and an auxillary protein called PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Protein). At first, DNA polymerase A, B and C were purified and characterized respectively by chromatographic steps and physicochemical properties including sensitivity with inhibitors of DNA replication and properties with natural and synthetic templates. The second part deals with variation of activity of the DNA polymerases A, B and C previously purified and characterized during wheat embryo germination. We propose a similarity between wheat embryo DNA polymerases and animal DNA polymerases. DNA polymerase A could be similar to an alpha DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase B could be a DNA polymerase delta like. DNA polymerase C could be a storage protein in seed before germination
Diénot, Magali. "Intérêt diagnostique de la polymérase chain reaction (PCR) leucocytaire et plasmatique au cours de l'infection à cytomégalovirus." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P087.
Full textMaillard, Patrick. "Sensibilite et permissivite des cellules lymphoides humaines vis-a-vis du virus de l'hepatite b : approches experimentales." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114807.
Full textZeng, Yué. "Caractérisation d'une protéine de 135 kDa nécessaire à la réplication du virus d'Epstein-Barr." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T098.
Full textTaniga, Velan. "Développement d’un module d’amplification par PCR avec suivi électrochimique pour la détection de bactérie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066189.
Full textWith the development of human mobility and antibiotics resistance, nosocomial infections have become a major health problem. The need for fast and efficient diagnosis systems, ,while affordable by the health care systems, is increasing. The “sample to result” integration allowed by microfludics is a strong asset in such developments. Cepheid developed an integrated system for germ genotyping based on real-time PCR, but due to expensive laser-induced fluorescence detection its cost still reduces its range of applications in routine clinics. Here, we propose a new strategy allowing further cost reduction. First, the whole analysis streamline is integrated in a single chip made of Cyclo Olefin Copolymer (COC) [1]. This material can be mass-processed by CD technology, to yield chips at a few cents a piece. Second, the detection involves an electrochemical method that alleviates need for optics. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was chosen as the initial primary target for validation. The technologies developed will further be applied to other strains of Bacteria or other fields such as agriculture, food testing, GMOs or security. The sample, a nasal swab, undergoes a chemical lysis, and DNA is extracted by selective capture on magnetic beads self-assembled into dense microcolumns arrays, as presented at MicroTAS 2009 [2]. DNA is then eluted, amplified by PCR in real time in the chip, while detected in situ by a high sensitivity electrochemical detection catalyzed by an intercalating redox compound. This proprietary technology [3] is being implemented here for the first time in a lab on chip. New protocols were developed to make a robust and leakage-free COC microfluidic chip with integrated electrodes. COC is a biocompatible and solvent resistant thermoplastic material. The COC microfluidic chip consists of a substrate with a hot-embossed microchannel and screen printed carbon and silver electrodes. The chip is sealed by solvent bonding [4]. This provides simple and cost effective fabrication, directly upscalable to mass production PCR Thermal control is done externally with a customized thermocycler. A redox compound is introduced together with DNA sample enabling electrochemical detection through Square Wave Voltammetry (SQWV). This compound intercalates in double-stranded DNA during the extension step, reducing its mobility and redox activity, so the peak current decreases during amplification of the target DNA. A sensitivity below 1ng/µL suitable for MRSA detection was achieved. The data were obtained by SQWV measurements. There is a clear correlation between the increase of DNA concentration and the decrease of the peak current for the redox compound: PCR amplification was also performed inside the chip, demonstrating the compatibility of this platform with thermal cycling and biomolecular reactions. Real-time electrochemical measurement during cycling was not possible yet due to experimental setup geometrical constraints, but work is in progress and results will be presented at the conference. Future experiments will focus on the integration of the bacteria lysis and DNA extraction steps on the same chip
Balaguer, Patrick. "Détection non isotopique de sondes nucléiques : application à la réaction d'hybridation et d'amplification (PCR) : [Polymerase Catalysed Reaction]." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20050.
Full textTaberlet, Pierre. "ADN mitochondrial et phylogéographie intraspécifique : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10017.
Full textRozenberg, Flore. "Analyse de determinants de virulence du virus herpes simplex (hsv) dans l'encephalite herpetique humaine ; contribution a l'etude du pouvoir neuropathogene de hsv chez l'homme." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114857.
Full textReguillon, Isabelle. "Les mécanismes de la transcription chez les eucaryotes." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P049.
Full textPedroza-Garcia, José Antonio. "Functional characterization of the DNA Polymerase epsilon and its involvement in the maintenance of genome integrity in Arabidopsis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS248.
Full textPlant development is a largely post-embryonic process that depends on the activity of meristems. These pools of undifferentiated cells retain the ability to proliferate throughout the lifespan of the plant, and are at the origin of gamete formation relatively late in its life cycle. Mutations can arise at each round of cell division, for example due to replication errors. In addition, meristems are relatively exposed to all kinds of environmental stresses that can also induce DNA damage. Detection of DNA lesions or replication defects and subsequent cell cycle arrest are thus instrumental to the maintenance of genome integrity, both during vegetative and reproductive growth. In all eukaryotes, DNA Pol ε is a key player of these mechanisms because it is not only responsible for the faithful reproduction of the genetic information during S-phase, but also directly involved in DNA repair and replicative stress perception. Detailed analysis of its function has however been complicated by the lethality of its inactivation in most organisms. In this work, we have used genetic approaches to investigate its role during cell cycle progression and replicative stress response. We have shown that both its catalytic sub-unit and its main accessory sub-unit DPB2 are involved in replicative stress sensing and that they function upstream of the ATR kinase to induce cell cycle arrest and DNA repair during vegetative growth. In addition, we have found that a specific checkpoint exists during pre-meiotic DNA replication that activates a cell death program via the SOG1 transcription factor upon replicative stress. Because all types of biotic and abiotic stresses can generate DNA damage, our work opens new research prospects to understand how plants cope with adverse conditions. Furthermore, the viability of Arabidopsis mutants deficient for various factors involved in DNA replication or DNA Damage Response allowed us to analyse into details in a multicellular eukaryote crucial cellular mechanisms that had until now been mainly investigated in yeast. This work thus allowed us to generate data that can be transferred to animal systems and notably to Human
Thomen, Philippe. "Transcription par une ARN Polymerase : mesures de forces à l'échelle de la molécule unique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011391.
Full textNous avons également mené un autre type d'expérience en mesurant la force lors de l'ouverture mécanique de la double hélice d'ADN, qui a permis de déterminer la friction exercée sur l'ADN en rotation.
La configuration d'ouverture de l'ADN a été également utilisée pour étudier l'interaction d'une protéine, EcoR V avec l'ADN. L'analyse des résultats a mis en évidence une grande variabilité dans l'énergie de dissociation, liée à des différences d'affinités entre les sites de reconnaissance spécifiques de l'enzyme.
Bednarska, Aleksandra. "Artificial systems for in vitro gene expression." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN016/document.
Full textDNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) is an enzyme responsible for the polymerization of ribonucleotides into an RNA sequence complementary to the template DNA. RNAP family has several members being single subunit (e.g. T7 bacteriophage) or multi subunit (bacterial and eukaryote) proteins. RNA transcription – a crucial event in gene expression – differs depending on the RNAP origin. Although the transcription process is relatively well characterized, many elements remain poorly understood, especially with respect to the dynamics of promoter recognition, escape and elongation in a cell like context where molecular density, concentrations and nearest neighbour effects are prevalent.The goal of this thesis was to develop a robust method that would allow real time monitoring of RNAP reaction in vitro in thoroughly controlled conditions. A major axis was to develop a surface-based biosensor that would allow the characterization of the main steps of the transcription reaction. Consequently, interactions between DNA molecules immobilized on a sensor surface and free RNAP delivered through a microfluidic flow system to the surface were examined. Changes in refractive index, correlated with changes in mass at a surface were followed using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). SPRi is a sensitive technique dedicated to analysis of interactions between two ligands in real time. The mechanism bases on the detection of slight differences in the reflectivity of polarized light at a fixed angle that are associated with a mass variation at the interface. Data obtained from SPRi are used to determine the kinetics of the interactions. Microarray geometry of SPRi allows monitoring several samples simultaneously that significantly shortens manipulation time and improves a quality and reproducibility of obtained results. Other label-free optofluidic biosensors: microring resonator and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy were developed in parallel.We firstly biofunctionalized and characterized sensor surfaces (polymer coated glass for microring resonator and TIRF microscopy and 50-nm thin layer gold coatings on glass prisms for SPRi) in order to immobilize DNA strands in a controlled manner, using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Functionalization of photoresist polymer SU-8 concerned two methods: covalent (bio)molecule grafting and non-covalent conjugation based on hydrophobic coupling. Regarding gold surface functionalization, four different strategies of antifouling (bio)molecule immobilization were compared: thiol – gold bond formation, amide bond formation, extrAvidin – biotin interactions and hydrophobic coupling. Studies of DNA conjugation to the functionalized gold surface were performed with respect to specificity and density of immobilized DNA molecules of different lengths: 50, 500 and 1000 bp.Finally, biofunctionalized surfaces were used for real time monitoring of transcription reactions using two RNAPs: monomeric bacteriophage T7 RNAP and the holoenzyme of Escherichia coli RNAP. Kinetic analyses of nucleoprotein complex formation and RNA transcription were performed as a function of immobilized DNA density, the length of the immobilized DNA, the position of the specific promoter sequence with respect to the point of immobilization and the direction of subsequent transcription. RNA transcription in the SPRi apparatus was confirmed by collection, detection and analysis of relevant products.The future development of biosensors dedicated to in vitro gene expression will include the adaptation of the methods presented above to other optofluidic systems and further development of the technique. The final goal comprises a controlled RNA synthesis that would be an intermediate step to investigate real time in vitro protein production
Arnaud-Barbe, Nadège. "Définition d'un système d'expression et de purification d'ARN polymérases recombinantes du bactériophage T7 : étude de la transcription de matrices ADN et ARN par ces polymérases." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T071.
Full textRaia, Pierre. "Détermination de la structure de l’ADN polymérase D par cristallographie aux rayons X et cryo-microscopie électronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS338.
Full textIn all forms of life, DNA polymerases play central roles in genome replication, maintenance and repair. All DNA polymerases have been grouped in different families, using sequence alignments: PolA, PolB, PolC, PolD, PolX, PolY and reverse transcriptases. The only class of DNA polymerases left whose structure and molecular mechanism are unknown is PolD. PolD is an archaeal replicative DNA polymerase made of a proofreading exonuclease subunit (DP1) and a larger polymerase catalytic subunit (DP2). To help resolve the uncertainty concerning the evolutionary origins of PolD, I determined the crystal structures of two large fragments of both DP1 and DP2 subunits of the Pyrococcus abyssi PolD. Crystal structures of both DP1 and DP2 subunits revealed that PolD is an atypical DNA polymerase. We also determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the DP1-DP2 complex bound with DNA. Structures of both polymerase and proofreading active sites differ from other structurally characterized DNA polymerases. In addition, PolD shares an unexpected structural homology with the ‘two-barrel’ family of RNA polymerases. By many aspects, this work provides new insights on the evolutionary history of DNA and RNA polymerases
Diab, Rim. "Etudes sur la transcriptase inverse de HIV-1 : interactions de la polymérase avec son amorce spécifique et recherche des inhibiteurs de type leurre." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28415.
Full textHodeib, Samar. "Real-time unfolding of DNA G-quadruplexes by helicases and polymerases." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE027/document.
Full textG-quadruplex (G4) structures are considered as the major impediments for the replisome progression. The putative G4 forming sequences in the human genome are mostly located in the double-stranded DNA regions of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes and on the single-stranded overhangs of telomeres. Most of the biochemical and biophysical studies have characterized the G4 thermodynamics properties using melting temperature Tm as a proxy to infer thermodynamics of G4 folding/unfolding energetic. However, these thermodynamics properties give only indirect information about G4 dynamics. In this work, using single molecule magnetic tweezers technique, we first characterize the kinetics of folding and unfolding and thus the stability of a single G4 inserted in a dsDNA: a situation that mimics the G4s in promoters, where the complementary sequence competes with the G-rich structure. We find that the lifetime of telomeric G4 is short (~20 s) and thus that this G4 unfolds without the need of a helicase. This is not the case for the very stable c-MYC G4 (~2 hr). We observe in real time how helicases or polymerases behave as they collide with the c-MYC G4 on their track. We find that the Pif1 helicase unwinds dsDNA, resolves this G4 after pausing and resume unwinding, while RecQ helicase and the bacteriophage T4 replicative helicase do not resolve the G4 but may jump it. We also find that RPA does not unfold the c-MYC G4. Besides, we find that T4 bacteriophage gp43 polymerase, T7 polymerase and Yeast Pol ε can replicate the G4 which surprisingly does not appear as a major roadblock for them
Jagoueix, Sandrine. "Liberobacter africanum et liberobacter asiaticum, les bactéries associées à la maladie du greening des agrumes : caractérisation, phylogénie et détection par l'étude de l'ADN ribosomique 16S." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28363.
Full textHazan, Corinne. "Recherche d'inhibiteurs de haute affinité de l'ADN polymérase bêta par criblage virtuel et RMN." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/279/.
Full textDNA polymerase Beta is a pharmacological target involved in tumor progression, cisplatin resistance and neuro-degenerative diseases. Even if molecules leading to pol Beta inhibition have already been discovered, there is a great interest in identifying inhibitors with higher affinity. SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) by NMR is a strategy that allows the design of high affinity molecules, by tethering together two micromolar affinity small molecules for pol Beta that bind to proximal subsites of the target. The first fragment, pamoic acid, was already known. The structural characterization of the complex pol Beta - pamoic acid was helpful in identifying two adjacent sites to pamoic acid binding site. A virtual screening of 28714 fragments, combined to NMR screening, led to selecting 4 fragments, whose binding site was close enough to pamoic acid binding site. Four hybrid molecules, of the form pamoic acid-linker-fragment, have been synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro replication by pol Beta. Two of them showed increased inhibition compared to pamoic acid
Essalhi, Kadija. "Interaction entre yOgg1, une ADN glycosylase de la voie BER, et l’ADN polymérase réplicative Polε chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2077/document.
Full textOxidative DNA damages are involved in pathological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Part of these damages results from the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by cellular metabolism or (physical or chemical) exogenous agents. They lead to different types of DNA lesions including DNA base oxidation (8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) and abasic site formation (AP, apuric/apyrimidic). If not removed, these lesions lead to mutagenesis or cell death. Most of base lesions are dealt specifically by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. BER is initiated by a DNA glycosylase, such as 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) which is responsible for the removal of 8-oxoG. In previous unpublished work, a yeast two-hybrid study revealed the existence in S. cerevisiae of an interaction between yOgg1 and the catalytic subunit of the replicative DNA polymerase Polε (yPol2), also involved in the BER pathway in eukaryotes. Our work shows that yOgg1 and yPol2 physically and specifically interact with each other. Truncation and site-directed mutagenesis studies allowed us to identify the 3 ' → 5' exonuclease activity domain of yPol2 as part of the minimal form of yPol2 still able to interact with yOgg1. The active site of yOgg1 and/or its immediate vicinity may contain part of its interaction domain with yPol2. Besides, we observe a clear correlation between yOgg1 catalytic activity and its ability to interact with yPol2 in vivo. Similarly, the 3'→5' exonuclease activity of yPol2 could be useful to its interaction with yOgg1. From a functional point of view, yPol2 stimulates in vitro the AP lyase activity of yOgg1 and the coupling of both DNA glycosylase and AP lyase enzyme activity. The interaction yOgg1/yPol2 could allow a better coordination of damaged nucleoside excision and DNA re-synthesis steps in BER
Goullet, de Rugy Théo. "Etude de l'effondrement rapide des fourches de réplication lors d'un stress réplicatif." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30238.
Full textReplicative stress is characterized by an accumulation of stalled replication forks and is known to be a major source of genetic instability in human cells. Replicative stress and genetic instability are early markers of tumorigenesis. It is known that stalled replication forks can degenerate into double strand breaks (DSB), a process called replication fork collapse. Indeed, after an extended replicative stress (24h) induced by hydroxyurea (HU), the endonuclease MUS81-EME1 can promote the collapse of replication forks. This endonuclease prevents accumulation of under replicated regions in G2 and mitotic segregation defects. Here, by monitoring DSB with sensitive neutral comet assay and QIBC (Quantitative Image-Based Cytometry) approaches, we found that replication forks can also collapse rapidly after replicative stress (as early as 2 hours after HU). We characterised this rapid replication fork collapse as a MUS81-independent mechanism. Moreover, by performing siRNA based knock down, we identified two nucleases, Artemis and XPF, involved in rapid replication fork collapse mechanism. Our results point toward a role of this rapid collapse mechanism in preventing mitotic intermediates and lesion transmission to daughter cells. Also, we identified the role of an alternative DNA polymerase Pol theta as a molecular factor involved in preventing this mechanism to induce cell death. Data mining of expression data from tumour samples allowed us to identify Pol theta verexpression as correlated with HR genes, underpinning a potential adaptation mechanism to prevent collapsed fork accumulation in cancer cells. Collectively, these data reveal that human cells have evolved a quick cleavage response to stalled forks that might be important for genome stability notably in cells undergoing replicative stress
Tedim, Ferreira Maria. "Proteomics of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases during DNA Replication and Repair." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37991.
Full textIn 2017, Statistics Canada reported that one out of four Canadians will die of cancer. Every day, we face environmental factors that burden our DNA with genotoxic stress. This stress can lead to severe types of DNA damage that can threaten our genomic integrity, namely double-strand breaks (DSBs). Fortunately, our cells have evolved with different repair mechanisms to deal with such lesions. There are two primary types of repair against DSBs: Homologous Recombination (HR) and Classical Non-Homologous End-Joining (CNHEJ). The HR pathway is an error-free repair mechanism used in the S-phase of the cell cycle to ensure faithful repair of the damaged area and thus preserve our genetic information. Individuals that bear mutations in proteins involved in this pathway, such as BRCA1 and BCRA2, have been associated with the development of breast and ovarian cancers. Almost 4 years ago, the field went through a major breakthrough in ovarian cancer care. A new class of drugs was accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to manage recurrent ovarian cancers that display HR-deficiencies. These drugs consist of inhibitor molecules against one of the earliest sensors of DNA damage in the cell: PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1). Upon DNA damage induction, PARP-1 becomes highly activated, leading to the massive production of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers, from the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which in turn modify several proteins posttranslationally and act as a scaffold to recruit DNA repair factors to the repair site. The successful application of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) arose from the observations that mutations or silencing of BRCA1/2, resulted in diminished HR activity. In the context of HR deficiency, the concomitant inhibition of PARP resulted in cell-death, an effect called synthetic lethality. Three PARPi are currently accepted by the FDA and are being clinically used for the treatment of gynaecological cancers. Notwithstanding the great promise of these inhibitors for other types of cancers, the mechanism by which these are inducing cancer lethality is not fully understood. Thus, it becomes of extreme importance to further decipher its mechanistic ways, to achieve full potential of PARPi in the clinic. To achieve this, fundamental research on the functions of PARPs and their protein partners in the DNA damage response is indispensable and constitutes the general aim of this thesis. During my doctoral work, we investigated the influence of PARP-1 during the HR pathway, primarily during the initial step of resection, which is essential for the removal of damaged DNA. Early reports of PARP-1 involvement in resection described the recruitment of the resection protein MRE11 to sites of damage in a PARP-1 dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that PARP-1 has a novel function in DSB resection and we propose a new model for the synthetic lethality observed in HR-deficient tumors. To further complement the general aim of this doctorate, we investigated the regulatory roles of PARP-1 during the HR pathway, however in a later stage of HR resolution, at the peak formation of RAD51 foci, which is a crucial step for the efficient repair of DSBs through HR. We observed that the PAR-interactome (PARylome) at this stage was abundantly enriched with RNA-processing factors. Several of the most abundant proteins consisted of DNA and RNA helicases, as well as transcription factors, some of which were found to be mutated in tumors, and thus can be seen as potentially druggable targets to be used in combination with PARPi. We also extended our PARylome study to the chromatin proteome and investigated the histone PARylome upon DNA damage. Interestingly, we found that histone tails are not the only targets of PARP-1 and that globular domains are also targets of PARylation. Lastly, the high clinical interest of PARP-1 warrants studies addressing PARP-1 organ distribution. Thus, I finalized my studies by extensively describing and reporting PARP-1 tissular and cellular distribution and abundance in monkey organs, with the main objective of providing valuable information to any study assessing PARP inhibition efficacy and resistance in any given tissue and related diseases. In summary, this thesis provides important new information on the mechanisms PARP-1 is regulating during the response to DSBs, including the networks PARP-1 is orchestrating to potentially help reshape the cell environment, to efficiently repair the most lethal lesion our genome faces.
Pierini, Laura. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires impliquant l'ADN polymérase Kappa dans le checkpoint de phase S." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30171/document.
Full textDNA replication is a major event for cells which allow the faithful duplication of genetic material. It is a critical step of cell cycle, because replication forks encounters frequently naturals barriers (non B-DNA structures), exogenous barriers (chemicals agents), or endogenous barriers (oxydatives lesions). These different barriers can be at the origin of chromosomes breaks and lead to genetic instability. To overcome the stalled forks, cells have evolved two major mechanisms: the induction of ATR replication checkpoint pathway and the recruitment of specialized DNA polymerase to perform the translesion synthesis. This two pathways are essential to maintain genomic stability. Human DNA polymerase Kappa (pol Kappa), the most conserved specialized DNA polymerase, is best known to participate to translesion synthesis. Recently, we have shown that pol kappa has a crucial role in the S-phase checkpoint activation. Indeed, pol Kappa is implicated in the synthesis of short DNA intermediates at the stalled forks, facilitating the recruitment of 9-1-1 clamp, and is required for an optimal phosphorylation of Chk1, the main effector of the S-phase checkpoint. Durant my PhD thesis, I explored the molecular mechanisms underlying this newly identified role. We have constructed several pol kappa mutants, and we have observed that for the mutation in the PCNA binding domain impeded pol kappa to form foci in response to replication stress. We also showed the requirement of this domain for pol Kappa recruitment on chromatin. By different experimental approaches, we have described a complex in which pol Kappa interacts with Rad9 and Chk1, two proteins required for the S-phase checkpoint activation. The Chk1 phosphorylation defect observed in absence of Kappa could also be the consequence of the Chk1 protein level decreased in the nucleus, meaning a potential common regulation between pol Kappa and Chk1. Based on this observation, we have studied how pol Kappa is regulated upon a replication stress and like Chk1, pol Kappa seems to be regulated by ubiquitination. We focused our attention on USP7 an ubiquitin hydrolase known to regulate Chk1. We have demonstrated an interaction between pol Kappa and USP7, which is stimulated after replication stress. Moreover, USP7 depletion leads to a decrease of pol Kappa level in the nucleus, suggesting that de-ubiquination of pol Kappa could to be a prerequisite for its checkpoint function and its stability
Ben, Yamin Rosen Barbara. "Fonction et régulation de l'ADN polymérase zêta au cours de la réplication de l'ADN : conséquences sur la stabilité du génome. DNA Polymerase Zeta Contributes to Heterochromatin Replication to Prevent Genome Instability." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS031.
Full textDNA replication is a fundamental process that ensures accurate duplication of the genetic information. Various perturbations can impede replication fork progression, and thus threatening genome integrity. To prevent fork collapse, replicative DNA polymerases can be replaced by error-prone DNA polymerases called translesion (TLS) polymerases, able to bypass DNA damage at the cost of increased mutations. Among TLS polymerases, Polζ is unique because inactivation of its catalytic subunit, REV3L, leads to embryonic lethality in mice underscoring its biological importance. However, little is known about its function and regulation in mammalian cells. We showed that loss of REV3L impairs S phase progression with a disruption of replication timing at specific genomic loci that replicate in mid-late S-phase, and this is associated with increased mutagenic events and aberrant epigenetic landscape. We also revealed that REV3L interacts with heterochromatin components and localizes in pericentromeric regions, suggesting that Polζ contributes to replicate heterochromatin regions to limit genome instability. In a second part, we discovered that REV3L protein is proteolytically processed by the endopeptidase TASP1 to generate two polypeptides that heterodimerize to form a stable complex that associates with REV7, likely representing the active complex of Polζ. We also found that REV3L is finely regulated in physiological conditions and after genotoxic stress at multiple levels: (1) transcriptionally, (2) proteolytically by TASP1 and (3) post-translationally by phosphorylation. Altogether these findings highlight a unique mechanism to control the function of an error-prone polymerase in mammalian cells. These data are particularly important given that Polζ is an important factor for tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic agents
Cerutti, Elena. "Nucleotide Excision Repair at the crossroad with transcription." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1057.
Full textThe integrity of DNA is continuously challenged by a variety of endogenous and exogenous agents (e.g. ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke, environmental pollution, oxidative damage, etc.) that cause DNA lesions which interfere with proper cellular functions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mechanism removes helix-distorting DNA adducts such as UV-induced lesions and it exists in two distinct sub-pathways depending where DNA lesions are located within the genome. One of these sub pathways is directly linked to the DNA transcription by RNA Polymerase 2 (TCR). In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that a fully proficient NER mechanism is also necessary for repair of ribosomal DNA, transcribed by RNA polymerase 1 and accounting for the 60 % of the total cellular transcription. Furthermore, we identified and clarified the mechanism of two proteins responsible for the UV-dependent nucleolar repositioning of RNAP1 and rDNA observed during repair. In the second part of this work, we studied the molecular function of the XAB2 protein during NER repair and we demonstrated its involvement in the TCR process. In addition, we also shown the presence of XAB2 in a pre-mRNA splicing complex. Finally, we described the impact of XAB2 on RNAP2 mobility during the first steps of TCR repair, thus suggesting a role of XAB2 in the lesion recognition process
HAMAL, ABDELLAH. "Etude des adn polymerases chez les archaebacteries." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112195.
Full textELIE, CHRISTIANE. "Adn polymerases d'archaebacteries : sensibilite des archaebacteries halophiles a l'aphidicoline : purification et caracterisation de deux adn polymerases chez deux archaebacteries thermoacidophiles." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066172.
Full textGuitton-Sert, Laure. "Identification de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation temporelle des origines de réplication dans les cellules humaines." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30350/document.
Full textDNA duplication in S phase starts from thousands of initiation sites called DNA replication origins. These replication origins are set in G1 as pre-replication complexes (pre-RC) and fired in S phase following a spatio-temporal program of activation. This program determines which origins will be fired and when. Indeed, all the origins are not fired in the same time and we can distinguish early, middle and late replication origins. This temporal regulation is called "replication timing" and is determined at the "timing decision point" (TDP) in early G1. It's a robust program, which participates to the definition of cell identity, in term of differentiation state or cell type. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Defective timing program has been evidenced in pathological contexts, in particular in cancers, but the mechanisms of this deregulation remain unclear. In the first part of my PhD, I contributed to the discovery of a new regulator of the origin timing program: the specialized DNA polymerase Theta (Pol Theta). Pol Theta is loaded onto chromatin in early G1, coimmunoprecipitates with pre-RC components and modulates the recruitment of Mcm helicases at TDP. Moreover, depletion or overexpression of Pol Theta modifies the timing of replication at a fraction of chromosomal domains. The second part of my work aimed at exploring the mechanisms that regulates replication timing after a replicative stress. I identified a totally new transgenerational adaptive mechanism of DNA replication timing regulation: the modification of the timing of origin activation at chromosomal domains that have suffered from a replicative stress during the previous cell cycle. Daughter cells from a cell that has experienced replication stress at particular domains (late replicating domains, AT rich so they can form structured DNA, and poor in origin density) shows advanced origin activation within these regions. This new biological process in response to replicative stress could be of particular interest in the context of cancer since, tumor cells are characterized by high level of intrinsic chronic replicative stress. This new mechanism may favor cancer cell survival despite replication stress, particularly upon treatments with anti-tumor agents that target DNA
Moreel, Xavier. "Proteomique fonctionnelle des poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27251/27251.pdf.
Full textDomenichini, Séverine. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des protéines CDT1 d'Arabidopsis : rôles dans la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire et dans le maintien de l'intégrité du génome." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112052.
Full textIn plants, meristems retain the ability to divide throughout the life cycle of plants, which can last for over 1000 years in some species. Furthermore, the germline is not laid down early during embryogenesis but originates from the meristematic cells relatively late during development. Thus, accurate cell cycle regulation is of utmost importance to avoid the accumulation of mutations during vegetative growth and reproduction. In all eukaryotes, CDT1 proteins are involved in the onset of DNA replication by allowing the formation of the pre-replication complex and subsequent opening of the replication fork. Their activity is strictly regulated to ensure faithful duplication of the genome during S-phase. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two homologs of the replication licensing factor CDT1 (CDC10 Target 1): AtCDT1a and AtCDT1b. Overexpression of CDT1a stimulates DNA replication, and this protein would have a function both in cell cycle regulation and plastid division.Here, we have investigated the respective roles of Arabidopsis CDT1a and CDT1b. Using genetic approaches, we have shown that the two proteins function partially redundantly to maintain genome integrity and allow gametophyte development. In addition, using Tandem Affinity Purification, we have shown that they interact with DNA pol ε, a replicative DNA polymerase, opening further research prospects regarding the role of plant CDT1 proteins during DNA replication. In parallel, we have tried to elucidate the specificities of CDT1a and more precisely of its N-terminal extension that is absent from CDT1b. We have found that this domain of CDT1a is required for its interaction with DNA pol ε, and that cdt1a mutants complemented with a truncated version of the protein show drastically reduced growth, premature meristem arrest, and constitutive DNA stress, suggesting that the CDT1a/pol ε interaction is indispensible to the normal progression of S-phase. Together, our results have unraveled new functions for plant CDT1 homologues, and one important aspect of future research will be to determine whether these are features of the plant cell cycle, or if we have identified new mechanisms that are conserved in all eukaryotes
Rhinn, Hervé. "Approches transcriptionnelles appliquées à un modèle de traumatisme crânien chez la souris." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066254.
Full textThis works aims at the study of mRNA epxression following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mouse. Methods are developed, for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis and for the quantification of cDNA mixed in solution with RNA. Normalization factors suitable for the study are validated. Based on these results, the mRNA levels of genes belonging to the inflammatory and death-receptor pathways are quantified after TBI using qPCR. DNA microarray and suppressive subtractive hybridization are used to identify new genes uprégulated after TBI. Three drugs (valproic acid, naltrexone and minocycline) are used after TBI, and their therapeutical benefits as well as their consequences on the expression levels of several gens are studied. In order to specifically silence the expression of some genes after TBI, the use of siRNA is planned. The formulation of siRNA in lipoplexes is studied in vitro in order to optimize their transfection efficiency, and siRNA targeting Fas, TNFR1, RIP, FADD and MMP9 are validated in vitro and tested in vivo after a TBI