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Journal articles on the topic 'ADN viral – Synthèse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

McIntosh, E. M., and R. H. Haynes. "dUTP pyrophosphatase as a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug development." Acta Biochimica Polonica 44, no. 2 (1997): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1997_4410.

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Aberrant dUTP metabolism plays a critical role in the molecular mechanism of cell killing induced by inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase. While considerable effort has been directed towards discovering new, more potent inhibitors of these two enzymes, little attention has been given dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase)--the key modulator of cellular dUTP levels--as a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug development. Recent studies have provided evidence that dUTPase is vital for cellular and, in some cases, viral DNA replication. Furthermore, some retroviruses encode

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Duschene, Kaitlin S., and Joan B. Broderick. "Viperin: a radical response to viral infection." BioMolecular Concepts 3, no. 3 (2012): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2011-0057.

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AbstractOne of the first lines of defense of the host immune response to infection is upregulation of interferons, which play a vital role in triggering the early nonspecific antiviral state of the host. Interferons prompt the generation of numerous downstream products, known as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). One such ISG found to be either directly induced by type I, II, and III interferons or indirectly through viral infection is the ‘virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible’ protein, or viperin. Not only is viperin capable of combating a wide arr

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3

Briolay, Anne, Jamel Bouzenzana, Michel Guichardant, et al. "Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthases Are Located in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Microdomains in Oomycetes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 7 (2009): 1938–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02728-08.

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ABSTRACT The pathways responsible for cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis are vital in eukaryotic microorganisms. The corresponding synthases are potential targets of inhibitors such as fungicides. Despite their fundamental and economical importance, most polysaccharide synthases are not well characterized, and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. With the example of Saprolegnia monoica as a model organism, we show that chitin and (1→3)-β-d-glucan synthases are located in detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRMs) in oomycetes, a phylum that comprises some of the most deva

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Glück, Brigitte, Ingrid Merkle, Gesche Dornberger, and Axel Stelzner. "Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Experimental Viral Myocarditis." Herz 25, no. 3 (2000): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000590050016.

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Lidbury, Brett A., and Surendran Mahalingam. "Specific Ablation of Antiviral Gene Expression in Macrophages by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Ross River Virus Infection." Journal of Virology 74, no. 18 (2000): 8376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8376-8381.2000.

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ABSTRACT Ross River virus (RRV) is an indigenous Australian arthropod-borne alphavirus responsible for epidemic polyarthritis (EPA), myalgia, and lethargy in humans. Macrophages and monocytes have been associated with human RRV disease, and previous studies have shown that RRV is capable of infecting macrophages via both a natural virus receptor and by Fc receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Similar to other viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus and dengue virus, ADE infection results in dramatic RRV growth increases for in vitro macrophage cultures. This study demon

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Date, Taro, Seibu Mochizuki, Adam J. Belanger та ін. "Expression of constitutively stable hybrid hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protects cultured rat cardiomyocytes against simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 288, № 2 (2005): C314—C320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00374.2004.

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Preconditioning in cultured cardiomyocytes elevates the expression of several protective genes including Glut-4 and heat shock protein (HSP)70. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is known to mediate the transcriptional activation of hypoxia-responsive genes. In this study, we examined the effect of adenovirus-mediated expression of constitutively stable hybrid forms of HIF-1α on cardiomyocyte viability and gene expression. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion with or without preinfection with recombinant adenoviral vectors [Ad2/HIF-1α/herpes sim

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Malisan, Florence, Luigi Franchi, Barbara Tomassini, et al. "Acetylation Suppresses the Proapoptotic Activity of GD3 Ganglioside." Journal of Experimental Medicine 196, no. 12 (2002): 1535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20020960.

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GD3 synthase is rapidly activated in different cell types after specific apoptotic stimuli. De novo synthesized GD3 accumulates and contributes to the apoptotic program by relocating to mitochondrial membranes and inducing the release of apoptogenic factors. We found that sialic acid acetylation suppresses the proapoptotic activity of GD3. In fact, unlike GD3, 9-O-acetyl-GD3 is completely ineffective in inducing cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation on isolated mitochondria and fails to induce the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, cells

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Karupiah, Gunasegaran, Jian-He Chen, Surendran Mahalingam, Carl F. Nathan та John D. MacMicking. "Rapid Interferon γ–dependent Clearance of Influenza A Virus and Protection from Consolidating Pneumonitis in Nitric Oxide Synthase 2–deficient Mice". Journal of Experimental Medicine 188, № 8 (1998): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.8.1541.

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Viral infection often activates the interferon (IFN)-γ–inducible gene, nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2). Expression of NOS2 can limit viral growth but may also suppress the immune system and damage tissue. This study assessed each of these effects in genetically deficient NOS2−/− mice after infection with influenza A, a virus against which IFN-γ has no known activity. At inocula sufficient to cause consolidating pneumonitis and death in wild-type control mice, NOS2−/− hosts survived with little histopathologic evidence of pneumonitis. Moreover, they cleared influenza A virus from their lungs by

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Komatsu, Takashi, Zhengbiao Bi та Carol S. Reiss. "Interferon-γ induced type I nitric oxide synthase activity inhibits viral replication in neurons". Journal of Neuroimmunology 68, № 1-2 (1996): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-5728(96)00083-5.

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10

Arvizu-Flores, Aldo A., Emmanuel Aispuro-Hernandez, Karina D. Garcia-Orozco, et al. "Functional identity of the active sites of crustacean and viral thymidylate synthases." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 150, no. 3 (2009): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.06.008.

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11

Chandler, Laurel, Imran Yusuf, Michelle McClements, Alun Barnard, Robert MacLaren, and Kanmin Xue. "Immunomodulatory Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in Viral Infections and Their Potential Application in Retinal Gene Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144972.

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Effective treatment of retinal diseases with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is highly dependent on the proportion of successfully transduced cells. However, due to inflammatory reactions at high vector doses, adjunctive treatment may be necessary to enhance the therapeutic outcome. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are anti-malarial drugs that have been successfully used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Evidence suggests that at high concentrations, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine can impact viral infection and replication by increasing endosomal and lysosomal p

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Iijima, Katsuya, Satoshi Noda, Karsten Sydow, Edward S. Mocarski, and John P. Cooke. "1140-167 Cytomegalovirus impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway: Role of oxidative stress and viral entry." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 43, no. 5 (2004): A507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(04)92146-8.

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13

Cime-Castillo, Jorge, Philippe Delannoy, Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández, et al. "Sialic Acid Expression in the MosquitoAedes aegyptiand Its Possible Role in Dengue Virus-Vector Interactions." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/504187.

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Dengue fever (DF) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease which affects humans. DF is caused by the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, which are transmitted to the host by the mosquitoAedes aegyptithat has key roles in DENV infection, replication, and viral transmission (vector competence). Mosquito saliva also plays an important role during DENV transmission. In this study, we detected the presence of sialic acid (Sia) inAedes aegyptitissues, which may have an important role during DENV-vector competence. We also identified genome sequences encoding enzymes involved in Sia pathwa

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López, Paula, Erika Girardi, and Sébastien Pfeffer. "Importance des microARN cellulaires dans la régulation des infections virales." médecine/sciences 35, no. 8-9 (2019): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019130.

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Parasites intracellulaires obligatoires, les virus dépendent d’un grand nombre de facteurs cellulaires pour accomplir leur cycle de multiplication. Parmi ceux-ci, les microARN (miARN) ont récemment émergé comme d’importants modulateurs des infections virales. Ces petites molécules régulatrices agissent comme des répresseurs de l’expression des gènes. Au cours de l’infection, ils peuvent agir sur des ARN cibles d’origine cellulaire mais aussi virale. Cette synthèse fait le point sur les différents mécanismes, directs et indirects, impliquant ces miARN dans la régulation des virus et aborde les

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15

White, Anthony D., Michelle A. Graham, and Micheal D. K. Owen. "Isolation of acetolactate synthase homologs in common sunflower." Weed Science 51, no. 6 (2003): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/p2002-136.

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A common sunflower population from Howard, SD (HSD) was previously determined to be cross-resistant to imazethapyr and chlorimuron-ethyl, both acetolactate synthase–inhibiting (ALS) herbicides. Experiments were conducted to determine if target-site polymorphisms could act as a mechanism of ALS-inhibitor herbicide resistance in the HSD common sunflower. Approximately 1,600 nucleotides were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced from putativeALSgene(s) in common sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke. In sunflower, two different amplification products were detected that differed by a ni

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Akar, Nejat, Duygu Ozel Demiralp, Ibrahim C. Haznedaroglu, and Hakan Goker. "Functional Proteomics of Ankaferd Blood Stopper." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4103.4103.

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Abstract Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) comprises a standardized mixture of the plants Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum and Urtica dioica. The basic mechanism of action for ABS is the formation of an encapsulated protein network that provides focal points for vital erythrocyte aggregation. ABS–induced protein network formation with blood cells particularly erythrocytes covers the primary and secondary haemostatic system without disturbing individual coagulation factors (Figure 1). The aim of this study is to perform functional proteomic analyses of ABS, wh

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Yarla, Nagendra S., Venkateshwar Madka, Gopal Pathuri, and Chinthalapally V. Rao. "Molecular Targets in Precision Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer: An Update from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Trials." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249609.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is a multi-step process that proceeds via precursor lesions to carcinoma, with each stage characterized by its distinct molecular and tissue microenvironment changes. Precursor lesions of CRC, aberrant crypt foci, and adenoma exhibit drastic changes in genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles compared to normal tissue. The identification of these changes is essential and provides further validation as an initiator or promoter of CRC and, more so, as lesion-specific drug

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18

Xu, Jin-Hui, Zhe Wang, Jun-Jie Mou, et al. "The effect of autophagy and mitochondrial fission on Harderian gland is greater than apoptosis in male hamsters during different photoperiods." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0241561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241561.

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Photoperiod is an important factor of mammalian seasonal rhythm. Here, we studied morphological differences in the Harderian gland (HG), a vital photosensitive organ, in male striped dwarf hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) under different photoperiods (short photoperiod, SP; moderate photoperiod, MP; long photoperiod, LP), and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms related to these morphological differences. Results showed that carcass weight and HG weight were lower under SP and LP conditions. There was an inverse correlation between blood melatonin levels and photoperiod in the orde

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19

Wang, Meng-Jie, Chun-Hua Yang, Yue Jin, et al. "Baicalin Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3 Replication by Reducing Cellular Lipid Synthesis." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 48, no. 01 (2020): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x20500081.

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Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae Radix and shows a variety of biological activities as reducing lipids, diminishing inflammation, and inhibiting bacterial infection. However, there is no report of baicalin against CVB3 infection. In this study, we found that baicalin can reduce viral titer in a dose-dependent manner in vitro at a dose with no direct virucidal effect. Moreover, we revealed that baicalin can also improve survival rate, reduce heart weight/body weight ratio, prevent virus replication, and relieve myocardial inflammation in the acute viral myocarditis mouse mode

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20

Adams, Jose A., Dongmei Wu, Jorge Bassuk, et al. "Nitric oxide synthase isoform inhibition before whole body ischemia reperfusion in pigs: Vital or protective?" Resuscitation 74, no. 3 (2007): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.02.009.

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21

Adler, Heiko, Janice L. Beland, Nadia C. Del-Pan, et al. "Suppression of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)–induced Pneumonia in Mice by Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS, NOS2)." Journal of Experimental Medicine 185, no. 9 (1997): 1533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.185.9.1533.

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Intranasal Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of mice caused pneumonia. Manifestations of the disease included: histological pneumonitis, pulmonary influx of lymphocytes, decreased pulmonary compliance, and decreased survival. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated iNOS induction and the nitrotyrosine antigen in the lungs of infected, but not uninfected mice, suggesting that nitric oxide contributes to the development of pneumonia. To elucidate the role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 pneumonia, infected mice were treated either with the inhibitor of nitric oxide syn

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Bath, Philip M., Christopher M. Coleman, Adam L. Gordon, Wei Shen Lim, and Andrew J. Webb. "Nitric oxide for the prevention and treatment of viral, bacterial, protozoal and fungal infections." F1000Research 10 (July 5, 2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51270.1.

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Although the antimicrobial potential of nitric oxide (NO) is widely published, it is little used clinically. NO is a key signalling molecule modulating vascular, neuronal, inflammatory and immune responses. Endogenous antimicrobial activity is largely mediated by high local NO concentrations produced by cellular inducible nitric oxide synthase, and by derivative reactive nitrogen oxide species including peroxynitrite and S-nitrosothiols. NO may be taken as dietary substrate (inorganic nitrate, L-arginine), and therapeutically as gaseous NO, and transdermal, sublingual, oral, intranasal and int

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Zheng, Shuo, Weiling Xu, Santanu Bose, Amiya K. Banerjee, S. Jaharul Haque, and Serpil C. Erzurum. "Impaired nitric oxide synthase-2 signaling pathway in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 287, no. 2 (2004): L374—L381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00039.2004.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelial cells are more susceptible to viral infection due to impairment of the innate host defense pathway of nitric oxide (NO). NO synthase-2 (NOS2) expression is absent, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 activation is reduced in CF. We hypothesized that the IFN-γ signaling pathway, which leads to NOS2 gene induction in CF airway epithelial cells, is defective. In contrast to a lack of NOS2 induction, the major histocompatibility complex class 2, an IFN-γ-regulated delayed-responsive gene, is similarly induced in CF and non-CF airway

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Léger, Psylvia, and Pierre-Yves Lozach. "Le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift et son étonnante protéine NSs." médecine/sciences 37, no. 6-7 (2021): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021090.

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Le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (VFVR) est un agent pathogène transmis à l’homme et au bétail par la piqûre de moustiques. Ce virus, découvert au Kenya en 1930, est considéré par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé comme présentant un risque important de provoquer de vastes épidémies. Les moyens dédiés à la lutte contre le VFVR restent toutefois particulièrement limités et le virus est mal connu. Dans cette Synthèse, nous nous attacherons à présenter ce virus avant de nous intéresser plus spécifiquement à son facteur de virulence, la protéine NSs. Nous discuterons la capacité de cet

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Ricklefs, Franz L., Cecile L. Maire, Jakob Matschke, et al. "FASN Is a Biomarker Enriched in Malignant Glioma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (2020): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061931.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known for their important role in cancer progression and hold considerable potential as a source for tumor biomarkers. However, purification of tumor-specific EVs from patient plasma is still an urgent unmet need due to contamination by normal host cell-derived EVs, that results in compromised analytical sensitivity. Here we identified fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key lipogenic enzyme which is highly expressed in malignant glioma cells, to be elevated in CD63- and CD81-positive EVs in glioma patient plasma samples, opening vital opportunities to sort brain tum

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Alsiyabi, Adil, Ariadna Gonzalez Solis, Edgar B. Cahoon, and Rajib Saha. "Dissecting the regulatory roles of ORM proteins in the sphingolipid pathway of plants." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1008284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008284.

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Sphingolipids are a vital component of plant cellular endomembranes and carry out multiple functional and regulatory roles. Different sphingolipid species confer rigidity to the membrane structure, facilitate trafficking of secretory proteins, and initiate programmed cell death. Although the regulation of the sphingolipid pathway is yet to be uncovered, increasing evidence has pointed to orosomucoid proteins (ORMs) playing a major regulatory role and potentially interacting with a number of components in the pathway, including both enzymes and sphingolipids. However, experimental exploration o

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Deryagina, V. P., N. I. Rizhova, L. A. Savluchinskaya, and K. I. Kirsanov. "Role of nitric oxide and endothelial NO synthase in carcinogenesis." Advances in Molecular Oncology 8, no. 2 (2021): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2313-805x-2021-8-2-29-39.

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Introduction. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthases (NOS) is involved in the regulation of vital physiological functions. At the same time, NO and NOS are involved in events associated with the tumor process: mutagenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc., exerting a multidirectional effect on the tumor.Objectives – analyze and summarize literature data concerning the role of NO and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in the initiation and progression of tumors, as well as in the inhibition of tumor growth.Materials and methods. In preparing the review, publications of information bases of

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Lu, Hao, Hui Yao, Rong Zou, Xiwen Chen та Hanlin Xu. "Galangin Suppresses Renal Inflammation via the Inhibition of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT and NLRP3 in Uric Acid Treated NRK-52E Tubular Epithelial Cells". BioMed Research International 2019 (26 травня 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3018357.

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Renal inflammation can result in renal injury. Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in humans and because of the lack of urate oxidase, UA may accumulate in tissues, including kidney, causing inflammation. Galangin was isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine plant and possesses several beneficial effects, working as an anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-viral agent. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of galangin in the attenuation of UA induced renal inflammation in normal rat kidney e

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Wu, Tingquan, An Guo, Yanying Zhao, et al. "Ectopic Expression of the Rice Lumazine Synthase Gene Contributes to Defense Responses in Transgenic Tobacco." Phytopathology® 100, no. 6 (2010): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-6-0573.

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Lumazine synthase (LS) catalyzes the penultimate reaction in the multistep riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, which is involved in plant defenses. Plant defenses are often subject to synergistic effects of jasmonic acid and ethylene whereas LS is a regulator of jasmonic acid signal transduction. However, little is known about whether the enzyme contributes to defense responses. To study the role of LS in plant pathogen defenses, we generated transgenic tobacco expressing the rice (Oryza sativa) LS gene, OsLS. OsLS was cloned and found to have strong identity with its homologues in higher plants

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Karupiah, G., and N. Harris. "Inhibition of viral replication by nitric oxide and its reversal by ferrous sulfate and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites." Journal of Experimental Medicine 181, no. 6 (1995): 2171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.6.2171.

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IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) in the murine macrophage-derived cell line RAW 264.7 was previously shown to inhibit replication of the poxviruses ectromelia and vaccinia (VV) and HSV-1. In the current study we demonstrate that murine macrophages activated as a consequence of VV infection express inducible nitric oxide synthase. These activated macrophages were resistant to infection with VV and efficiently blocked the replication of VV and HSV-1 in infected bystander cells of epithelial and fibroblast origin. This inhibition was arginine dependent, correlated with nitrite production in cu

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Carraro, Silvia, Joseph Doherty, Khalequz Zaman, et al. "S-nitrosothiols regulate cell-surface pH buffering by airway epithelial cells during the human immune response to rhinovirus." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 290, no. 5 (2006): L827—L832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00406.2005.

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Human rhinovirus infection is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations. Asthma exacerbations and rhinovirus infections are both associated with markedly decreased pH and ammonium levels in exhaled breath condensates. This observation is thought to be related, in part, to decreased activity of airway epithelial glutaminase. We studied whether direct rhinovirus infection and/or the host immune response to the infection decreased airway epithelial cell surface pH in vitro. Interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not direct rhinovirus infection, decreased pH, an effect partly associated wit

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Pan, Xue-yin, Ling Wang, Hong-mei You, et al. "Alternative activation of macrophages by prostacyclin synthase ameliorates alcohol induced liver injury." Laboratory Investigation 101, no. 9 (2021): 1210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41374-021-00531-7.

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AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Macrophages exhibit different functional states and are classified as classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. However, the mechanisms that govern M1/M2 polarization in chronic ALD remain to be elucidated. Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PTGIS) is an enzyme of the prostaglandin pathway which catalyzes the conversion of Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGI2. PTGIS has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the function of PTGIS in ALD has not yet been determined. In this study, we

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Yang, Zerui, Wenli An, Shanshan Liu, et al. "Mining of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dextrorotatory borneol in Cinnamomum burmannii by transcriptomic analysis on three chemotypes." PeerJ 8 (June 10, 2020): e9311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9311.

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Background Dextrorotatory borneol (D-borneol), a cyclic monoterpene, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an efficient topical analgesic drug. Fresh leaves of Cinnamomum trees, e.g., C. burmannii and C. camphor, are the main sources from which D-borneol is extracted by steam distillation, yet with low yields. Insufficient supply of D-borneol has hampered its clinical use and production of patent remedies for a long time. Biological synthesis of D-borneol offers an additional approach; however, mechanisms of D-borneol biosynthesis remain mostly unresolved. Hence, it is important an

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Bedoui, Yosra, Axelle Septembre-Malaterre, Claude Giry, et al. "Robust COX-2-mediated prostaglandin response may drive arthralgia and bone destruction in patients with chronic inflammation post-chikungunya." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (2021): e0009115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009115.

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Patients following infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can suffer for months to years from arthralgia and arthritis. Interestingly, methotrexate (MTX) a major immune-regulatory drug has proved to be of clinical benefit. We have previously shown that CHIKV can persist in the joint of one patient 18 months post-infection and plausibly driving chronic joint inflammation but through ill-characterized mechanisms. We have pursued our investigations and report novel histological and in vitro data arguing for a plausible role of a COX-2-mediated inflammatory response post-CHIKV. In the joint, we fo

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Lehman, Caitlin W., Kylene Kehn-Hall, Megha Aggarwal, et al. "Resveratrol Inhibits Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection by Interfering with the AKT/GSK Pathway." Plants 10, no. 2 (2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020346.

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The host proteins Protein Kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) are associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders. They are also important for the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), thereby making the AKT/GSK-3 pathway an attractive target for developing anti-VEEV therapeutics. Resveratrol, a natural phytochemical, has been shown to substantially inhibit the AKT pathway. Therefore, we attempted to explore whether it exerts any antiviral activity against VEEV. In this study, we utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP)- and luciferase-encoding reco

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Agindotan, Bright, and Keith L. Perry. "Macroarray Detection of Plant RNA Viruses Using Randomly Primed and Amplified Complementary DNAs from Infected Plants." Phytopathology® 97, no. 1 (2007): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-0119.

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Membrane-based macroarrays provide a relatively inexpensive technology with the potential to detect hundreds of pathogens in a single assay. For the simultaneous detection of a large number of pathogens, it is necessary to obtain sufficient nucleic acids for labeling, and any amplification reactions need to be performed using unbiased, pathogen-non-specific primers. A nonradioactive macroarray system is described to test for plant RNA viruses using 70-mer oligonucleotide probes immobilized on nylon membranes. Starting with a total plant RNA extract, complementary DNA (cDNA) and second-strand s

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Johansen, Wenche, and Robert C. Wilson. "Viral suppressor proteins show varying abilities and effectiveness to suppress transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing of endogenous Chalcone synthase in transgenic Arabidopsis." Plant Cell Reports 27, no. 5 (2008): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0508-y.

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Cuthbert, Candace E., Jerome E. Foster, and D. Dan Ramdath. "A maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet alters insulin sensitivity and expression of insulin signalling and lipid metabolism genes and proteins in male rat offspring: effect of folic acid supplementation." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 8 (2017): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002501.

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AbstractA maternal high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet alters offspring glucose and lipid homoeostasis through unknown mechanisms and may be modulated by folic acid. We investigated the effect of a maternal HFS diet on glucose homoeostasis, expression of genes and proteins associated with insulin signalling and lipid metabolism and the effect of prenatal folic acid supplementation (HFS/F) in male rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly fed control (CON), HFS or HFS/F diets. Offspring were weaned on CON; at postnatal day 70, fasting plasma insulin and glucose and liver and skele

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Mirzoev, Timur M., Kristina A. Sharlo та Boris S. Shenkman. "The Role of GSK-3β in the Regulation of Protein Turnover, Myosin Phenotype, and Oxidative Capacity in Skeletal Muscle under Disuse Conditions". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 10 (2021): 5081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105081.

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Skeletal muscles, being one of the most abundant tissues in the body, are involved in many vital processes, such as locomotion, posture maintenance, respiration, glucose homeostasis, etc. Hence, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is crucial for overall health, prevention of various diseases, and contributes to an individual’s quality of life. Prolonged muscle inactivity/disuse (due to limb immobilization, mechanical ventilation, bedrest, spaceflight) represents one of the typical causes, leading to the loss of muscle mass and function. This disuse-induced muscle loss primarily results fro

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Soni, Pooja, Arun K. Pandey, Spurthi N. Nayak, et al. "Global Transcriptome Profiling Identified Transcription Factors, Biological Process, and Associated Pathways for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6 (2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060413.

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Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) in groundnut is a serious quality concern globally, and drought stress before harvest further exacerbate its intensity, leading to the deterioration of produce quality. Understanding the host–pathogen interaction and identifying the candidate genes responsible for resistance to PAC will provide insights into the defense mechanism of the groundnut. In this context, about 971.63 million reads have been generated from 16 RNA samples under controlled and Aspergillus flavus infected conditions, from one susceptible and seven resistant genotypes. The RNA-seq

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Liang, Bo, and Jianguo Su. "Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Mediates Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV)-Induced Hemorrhage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (2019): 6335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246335.

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Hemorrhage is one of the most obvious pathological phenomena in grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. The etiology of GCRV-induced hemorrhage is unclear. We found inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may relate to viral hemorrhage according to the previous studies, which is expressed at high levels after GCRV infection and is related to apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of iNOS on apoptosis and hemorrhage at the cell level and individual level on subjects who were infected with GCRV and treated with S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT), an iNOS inhibitor. Cell stru

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Kline, Erik R., Dean J. Kleinhenz, Bill Liang, et al. "Vascular oxidative stress and nitric oxide depletion in HIV-1 transgenic rats are reversed by glutathione restoration." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 6 (2008): H2792—H2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.91447.2007.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have a higher incidence of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease than uninfected individuals. Recent reports have demonstrated that viral proteins upregulate reactive oxygen species, which may contribute to elevated cardiovascular risk in HIV-1 patients. In this study we employed an HIV-1 transgenic rat model to investigate the physiological effects of viral protein expression on the vasculature. Markers of oxidative stress in wild-type and HIV-1 transgenic rats were measured using electron spin resonance, flu

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Pang, Zhili, Lauren S. McKee, Vaibhav Srivastava, et al. "Analysis of a cellulose synthase catalytic subunit from the oomycete pathogen of crops Phytophthora capsici." Cellulose 27, no. 15 (2020): 8551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03362-9.

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Abstract Phytophthora capsici Leonian is an important oomycete pathogen of crop vegetables, causing significant economic losses each year. Its cell wall, rich in cellulose, is vital for cellular integrity and for interactions with the host organisms. Predicted cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins are expected to catalyze the polymerization of cellulose, but this has not been biochemically demonstrated in an oomycete. Here, we present the properties of the four newly identified CesA proteins from P. capsici and compare their domain organization with that of CesAs from other lineages. Using a newl

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Wang, Banqin, Tonghui Xu, Yan Li, et al. "Trophoblast H2S Maintains Early Pregnancy via Regulating Maternal-Fetal Interface Immune Hemostasis." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (2020): e4275-e4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa357.

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Abstract Context Dysregulated immune hemostasis occurs in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) promotes regulatory T-cell differentiation and regulates immune hemostasis; yet, its role in URSA is elusive. Objective To determine if H2S plays a role in early pregnancy and if dysregulated H2S signaling results in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Design First trimester placenta villi and decidua were collected from normal and URSA pregnancies. Protein expression was examined by immuno

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Shao, Zuo-Min, Yi-Jiangcheng Li, Jian-Hao Ding, et al. "Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (2020): 4656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134656.

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Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (G. pyloalis) causes significant damage to mulberry every year, and we currently lack effective and environmentally friendly ways to control the pest. Chitin synthase (CHS) is a critical regulatory enzyme related to chitin biosynthesis, which plays a vital role in the growth and development of insects. The function of CHS in G. pyloalis, however, has not been studied. In this study, two chitin synthase genes (GpCHSA and GpCHSB) were screened from our previously created transcriptome database. The complete coding sequences of the two genes are 5,955 bp and 5,896 bp, re

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Muthusamy, Saraladevi, Ramesh R. Vetukuri, Anneli Lundgren та ін. "Transient expression and purification of β-caryophyllene synthase in Nicotiana benthamiana to produce β-caryophyllene in vitro". PeerJ 8 (28 квітня 2020): e8904. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8904.

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The sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene is an ubiquitous component in many plants that has commercially been used as an aroma in cosmetics and perfumes. Recent studies have shown its potential use as a therapeutic agent and biofuel. Currently, β-caryophyllene is isolated from large amounts of plant material. Molecular farming based on the Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system may be used for a more sustainable production of β-caryophyllene. In this study, a full-length cDNA of a new duplicated β-caryophyllene synthase from Artemisia annua (AaCPS1) was isolated and functionally characteri

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Guo, Shihui, Kai Yan, Xi Fang, Yingdong Ni, Wenqiang Ma та Ruqian Zhao. "α-Lipoic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Deposition by Inhibiting FASN Expression via miR-3548 in Rats". Nutrients 13, № 7 (2021): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072331.

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Excessive liver lipid deposition is a vital risk factor for the development of many diseases. Here, we fed Sprague-Dawley rats with a control or α-lipoic acid-supplemented diet (0.2%) for 5 weeks to elucidate the effects of α-lipoic acid on preventive ability, hepatic lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and the involved regulatory mechanisms. In the current study, α-lipoic acid supplementation lowered plasma triglyceride level and hepatic triglyceride content. Reduced hepatic lipid deposition was closely associated with inhibiting fatty acid-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase expr

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Hellier, Vincent, Olivier Brock, and Julie Bakker. "The Role of Kisspeptin in Sexual Behavior." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 37, no. 02 (2019): 084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400992.

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AbstractSexual behavior is essential for the perpetuation of a species. In female rodents, mate preference and lordosis behavior depend heavily on the integration of olfactory cues into the neuroendocrine brain, yet its underlying neural circuits are not well understood. We previously revealed that kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus/periventricular nucleus continuum (AVPv/PeN) are activated by male olfactory cues in female mice. Here, we further reveal that male-directed mate preferences and lordosis are impaired in kisspeptin knockout mice but are rescued by a sin

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Benamara, D., Z. Benamara, and S. Benamara. "Bénéfices santé des infusions végétales dans le traitement des pathologies à virus : aspects pratiques et théoriques concernant la Covid-19 (synthèse bibliographique)." Phytothérapie 19, no. 3 (2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2021-0284.

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Ces dernières années, le pouvoir thérapeutique des plantes et des aliments végétaux a fait l’objet de nombreuses études. C’est le cas des infusions végétales (IV). Cependant, à notre connaissance, peu de données sont disponibles sur les aspects théoriques et pratiques soutenant les bénéfices des IV, en particulier dans le contexte du nouveau coronavirus (Covid-19). Dans le présent article, cette problématique a été discutée, considérant une IV comme à la fois un processus d’extraction et une solution chimique complexes, cette dernière étant en fait un extrait végétal aqueux. Dans le cas partic

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Lehto, Kirsi, Mikko Tikkanen, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Virpi Paakkarinen, and Eva-Mari Aro. "Depletion of the Photosystem II Core Complex in Mature Tobacco Leaves Infected by the Flavum Strain of Tobacco mosaic virus." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 12 (2003): 1135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.12.1135.

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The flavum strain of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) differs from the wild-type (wt) virus by causing strong yellow and green mosaic in the systemically infected developing leaves, yellowing in the fully expanded leaves, and distinct malformations of chloroplasts in both types of infected tissues. Analysis of the thylakoid proteins of flavum strain-infected tobacco leaves indicated that the chlorosis in mature leaves was accompanied by depletion of the entire photosystem II (PSII) core complexes and the 33-kDa protein of the oxygen evolving complex. The only change observed in the thyla-koid protei

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