Journal articles on the topic 'Adobe pagemaker (computer program)'

The development of technology may impact educational field. Research on technology and language learning shows that technology may provide some opportunities for students to get an easy access in information, integrated learning, and easy way to practice what they learn. The language created in the computer program can be used as a communication tool for its application, including in teaching English. Nowadays, using computer can support language learning. Regarding this point, this study aims to analyze new terms found in Adobe Photoshop Program. Further, the researchers also described morphological processes of the new terms in Adobe Photoshop program in teaching English vocabulary. While, the design of this research is descriptive qualitative design. The result shows compound and derived words can be classified as new terms in Adobe Photoshop CS4. Related to teaching vocabulary, the results show that teaching English vocabulary through word formation found in new terms in Adobe Photoshop Program may give an impact on students’ vocabulary development.

In the previous article (part 1), the procedure for setting the computer screen was discussed by using Adobe Gamma in the control panel. Adobe Gamma is also found on the drive where the system is installed. Click on Program Files > Common Files > Adobe > Calibration > Adobe Gamma.cpl. Double click to launch the gamma control wizard. On a Macintosh the Apple Calibration Utility can be used.The merits of using ink jet printers were also discussed. Merits include low cost (though costs escalate with the purchase of cartridges), high quality prints from any application, and the technology of a fine spray with higher image resolution as opposed to a laser jet printer and Tektronix Phasers (these printers separate images into dots at compromised resolutions).

<p>The Objective of study is to find the result of the learning process of Adobe Flash as media on the course of <em>Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran </em>through E-Learning system at English education study program in University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. E-learning provides a set of tools to enrich the value of conventional learning model, studies of textbooks, CD-ROMs, and computer-based training. Students can answer the challenges of globalization. Research Method used descriptive method through qualitative approach. Method of research conducted qualitative. Sample of research were forth semester students of English education study program. E learning system of UMSU provided schedule of course, attendance check, discussion forum between a lecture and students, task file, exercises file integrated Moodle and google form, module e book of <em>Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran</em>, slide file presentation, all activities viewed past, present and future time. Adobe flash media learning English implemented by virtual for one semester. The students can be active teaching English using Adobe Flash, simple material for presentation. They were enthusiastic when learn Adobe flash as media leaning English.</p>

This paper presents the method of crossed lines expert analysis developed and ap­plied in Serbia and other countries in the region by Miroslav Busarčević, a court expert with a degree in physical chemistry and MSc in criminalistics. The authors of the paper explain the procedure of lifting the prints of crossed lines using gelatin dactyloscopic foils, the scanning and visualization of the obtained print in the Adobe Photoshop com­puter program; presentation and interpretation of the results.

Abstrak: Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran merupakan sebuah alat bantu komunikasi antara guru dan siswa untuk mempermudah penyampaian suatu informasi dalam sebuah pembelajaran. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada pengembangan media pembelajaran Adobe Flash CS6 mengenai kosakata harian Bahasa Arab. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan mengembangkan media pembelajaran dan uji penerimaan (user acceptance test). Aplikasi yang dikembangkan memiliki fitur yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa mempelajari dan menghapal kosakata serta pengucapan yang benar. Program aplikasi telah diuji pada jenis perangkat komputer yang berbeda serta diuji kepada guru dan siswa secara sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi media pembelajaran kosakata Bahasa Arab dapat bekerja dengan baik dan responden, secara umum, menyatakan bahwa program aplikasi memuaskan untuk digunakan dalam mempelajari kosakata Harian Bahasa Arab untuk siswa. Kata kunci: adobe flash CS6, kosakata bahasa arab, mufrodat, media pembelajaran, multimedia, user acceptance test. Abstract: One solution to solving problems in learning is the use of learning media. Learning media is a communication tool between teachers and students to facilitate the delivery of information in a lesson. Research that has been done on the development of Adobe Flash CS6 learning media regarding daily Arabic vocabulary. The purpose of this study is to design and develop instructional media and a user acceptance test. The application developed has useful features to improve students' ability to learn and memorize vocabulary and correct pronunciation. The application program has been tested on different types of computer equipment and tested on teachers and students by sampling. The results showed that the application of Arabic vocabulary learning media could work well and respondents, in general, stated that the application program was satisfactory to be used in learning Arabic daily vocabulary for students. Keywords: adobe flash CS6, mufrodat, learning media, multimedia, user acceptance test, vocabulary arabic

TRAINING FOR MAKING FLASH-BASED MATHEMATICS LEARNING MEDIA USING ANIMATE ADOBE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN KUNINGAN DISTRICT. The purpose of the community partnership program for MGMP teachers at the Kuningan Cluster and Luragung Clusters in Kuningan Regency is to improve teacher competency in creating, developing and implementing flash-based mathematics learning media using Adobe Animate. The problem faced by partners is in implementing mathematics learning in schools that are still dominated through the use of textbooks, so that the teacher’s ability to demonstrate mathematical concepts in learning is still lacking. This was allegedly due to the limited ability of teachers to use learning media, especially ICT-based media. Mathematical MGMP SMP Kuningan cluster and Luragung cluster in Kuningan Regency have a sufficient number of teacher members, but in terms of competence still needs improvement. Understanding of computer-based learning is still very minimal because mathematics teachers have not received specific training on ICT-based mathematics learning. To overcome this condition an activity was packaged in the form of training on the development of flash-based mathematics learning devices using adobe animate for the mathematics MGMP of the Brass Cluster and Luragung Group. This activity was carried out through the following stages: 1) the provision of flash-based mathematics learning and development workshops using adobe animate; 2) mentoring in making flash-based mathematics learning devices using adobe animate; 3) mentoring implementation of flash-based mathematics learning devices using adobe animate; and 4) evaluation and replication.

A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal language text into speech. An intelligent text-to-speech program allows people with visual impairments or reading disabilities, to listen to written works on a home computer. Many computer operating systems and day to day software applications like Adobe Reader have included text-to-speech systems. This paper is presented to show that how HMM can be used as a tool to convert text to speech.

The role of promotion in introducing various educational institutions especially at universities is very important, so that the public can get to know the message conveyed. This is evidenced by the growing type of promotion applied at several universities today, such as promotional videos, company profile videos, banners, brochures and others. With the various types of promotions, a university has a wider opportunity to be known by the public. Likewise with Raharja University, one of which has a type of Student Get Student (SGS) scholarship promotion. Raharja University is a private university with a concentration in management and computer science teaching located in Cikokol, Tangerang City. However, the SGS program still does not have its own promotional video. Therefore the SGS promotional video is needed so that the SGS program is increasingly known, especially by Raharja Students themselves and interested in joining the SGS scholarship program. By applying data collection methods and stages of the concept of media production consisting of stages of pre-production, production and post-production. And also using supporting applications, Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 and Adobe After Effect CC 2017. Video This scholarship program SGS is expected to help the marketing department in increasing the target of new student admissions each year.

Software is data that is programmed, stored, and digitally formatted with a specific function. This device itself does not have a physical form, you can operate it via a computer. For its own manufacture, this device requires a programming language written by a programmer/person who is an expert in the field. The reason is, with software that is a command program to run the needs on a computer. Adobe Indesign is a software to layout a magazine or book. In the process of applying Adobe Indesign, all materials are prepared neatly and are in one folder in order to facilitate the place in the process of laying out books or magazines as one of the final goals to be done. Even though it is neat, the important point is how to style a design work in the form of a book or magazine which will later be published to the public. To achieve this, it is necessary to pay attention to various design elements and principles in the layout. Adobe Indesign is often used by designers or smaller is a magazine designer in helping the process of arranging the layout and making it easier to create page by page. This software allows designers to lay out more pages in one book and certainly not too big if used as a raw file. With some of the above foundations, we plan to carry out community service activities with the concept of "Adobe Indesign Training for SMKN 58 Teachers to Improve Productive Teacher Competence". It is hoped that with this community service activity, which contains several Adobe Indesign operating materials, it can make it easier for SMKN 58 teachers to teach the software to students and of course can improve skill competence.

Peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu ruangan yang nyaman, sdm yang mumpuni, pelibatan media didalam pembelajaran serta adanya kemauan dari siswa-siswa untuk berkembang, yang menjadi sorotan tim PKM adalah SDM dalam hal ini adalah guru. Guru adalah salah satu objek yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari proses pengajaran yaitu yang menyampaikan materi secara langsung, namun beberapa kendala yang muncul adalah sebagian besar guru masih mengedepankan prinsip konvensioanl yaitu pembelajaran yang hanya melibatkan media papan tulis dan buku ajar dalam proses pembelajaran hal ini berdampak terhadap kejenuhan dan kebosanan yang berkepanjangan oleh karena itu TIM melakukan pendampingan kepada Guru-guru tentang tata kelola media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia. Media Pembelajaan yang akan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan beberapa aplikasi dan akan digabungkan menjadi satu paket aplikasi yaitu aplikasi adobe flash CS. Adobe Flash CS dengan versinya adalah salah satu bagian dari produksi animasi yang sangat populer dan paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Program ini memungkinkan penggunanya untuk membuat berbagai aplikasi animasi mulai dari animasi gambar (kartun), animasi interaktif, permainan, company profile, presentasi, video clip, animasi web, dan aplikasi animasi lainnya sesuai kebutuhan pengguna. Selain menyajikan tampilan gambar dan berbagai macam animasi yang menarik, Adobe Flash CS juga dapat memanjakan siswa dengan kelebihan efek suara yang dapat membantu guru dalam menjelaskan materi pelajaran, juga games dan soal-soal untuk menguji pemahaman siswa. Sebagai acuan isi dari media pembelajaran yang akan dikembangkan berfokus terhadap model pembelajaran berbasis CBI (Computer Based Intruction). Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, multimedia, CBI.

The article describes the experience of designing and using in the process of training future educators professional training of electronic educational resource for the study of computer layout foundations. In the course of our research, we have found out the possibility of using electronic educational resources in the educational process of Higher education institutions to train future teachers of vocational education. In particular, we have developed an electronic educational resource «Basics of Computer Layout», in which, according to, the necessary training materials and author's methodological developments for learning the basics of computer layout in the Adobe InDesign CS5 software environment are structured. The Word Press content management system (CMS), which has open source code and is distributed under the GNU GPL license, has become a popular medium for creating the described ESM. The developed ESM contains a set of copyright educational and methodological materials, materials for monitoring the level of educational achievements, together they allow the future teachers of vocational training to form the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the basics of computer layout in the Adobe InDesign CS5 software environment. For the purposeful implementation of conceptual research ideas, the author developed a method for using a complex of electronic educational resources for teaching computer graphics to future bachelors of the specialty 015.10 «Professional education (computer technologies)». The method involves the provision of practical knowledge and skills to future bachelors of vocational education in order to form professional competencies in the Special Informatics discipline (module 3 Fundamentals of computer layout in the Adobe In Design CS5 program).

A picture is said to be worth a thousand words; in the different fields of microscopy pictures are often our data as well. We interpret, analyze, and share images with our colleagues, and so image preparation, enhancement and presentation are crucial for this process. As image acquisition in microscopy moves away from capture on photographic film in favor of digital imaging methods, digital manipulation of visual data for presentation requires learning to use computer software tools. Adobe Photoshop, currently the standard in the community of both artists and scientists, is a powerful program, but it is NOT specifically designed for scientific data, and so contains dozens of features and tools that may and/or must be avoided in the preparation of micrographs for scientific publication. The learning curve for this type of software can be steep, but the steps outlined below may help to get you started.

This article draws on a semester design study to evaluate the quality of an online from the point of e-learning. Adobe Connect web conferencing system was used as a delivery platform in an Introductory Programming course. The course content was specifically sequenced and elaborated in terms of elaboration theory (ET). Thirty pre-service computer teachers enrolled in instructional technologies department online program were participated to the study. The evaluation criteria included dimensions of e-learning in which both qualitative and quantitative data was used. The results indicated that the online course almost met the seven dimensions of e-learning in order to provide high quality learning outcomes. Elaborating the content provided positive contributions to the dimensions of content, interaction, learning and support. Along with the results, some implications were provided for elaborating and evaluating the content for online courses.

Computer-based learning system is now much improved, making the faculty more enthusiastic in making a model of learning so that students do not get bored easily. Physics is a subject that is grealty feared by students because the course is filled by counting, concepts and formulas. designing or creating instructional media. Learning physics is expected to be an interactive learning tool that can improve the learning interest of the user. This study uses R & D (Research and Development), namely the development of computer-based animation instructional media. Making learning applications of thermodynamics in physics to the concept of heat engines and properties of monatomic ideal gas is by using Visual Basic 6.0 software to design the application, Microsoft Access 2007 to design a database system for data storage applications, while Adobe Photoshop to design the image. The test results showed that the instructional media program for the display program, the suitability of the program with the teaching material, and technical quality were good. Based on these results it can be concluded that the program deserves to be a medium of learning and can be used in teaching Physics especially about heat engines and thermodynamic properties of monatomic ideal gas to high school grade XI.

The Derm Imaging Center uses various light and electron microscopic techniques to determine meaningful morphologic differences in skin samples received from multiple investigators. Qualitative comparisons required laborious hand measurements, which, in time gave way to computer assisted image capture, enhancement and analysis. The ability to attach a numerical value to a morphologic observation has made quantification an expected component of the experimental results. Laboratory personnel are now spending more time in front of computers than microscopes. This fact prompted a reevaluation of our current methods resulting in a faster, user-friendly computer assisted imaging system.One software program that has become ubiquitous within the field of scientific imaging is Adobe® Photoshop®. Although a multitude of different image capture and analysis software programs are in use, a version of Photoshop® can invariably be found residing in most laboratories involved in imaging. A disadvantage of many image analysis software programs is the lack of image enhancement capability that we have grown to know and love within the Photoshop® environment.

In legal system, the admissibility of bite mark injury has proven to give more positive impact when current technologies are adapted to its analysis. The early exposure of the digitalized bite mark analysis during the undergraduate dental program is beneficial to stimulate interests and provide guidance among the professional dentists. The step-by-step bite mark analysis partly adapted from KU Leuven, Belgium is emphasized by delivering the illustrated practical techniques using computer software Adobe Photoshop®. The overlays analysis demonstrated its practicality as easy to use and offered opportunities to learn through unconventional mode of teaching. The incorporation of bite mark injury analysis to the undergraduate dental learning is highly recommended.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk akhir dari media pembelajaran fisika dengan menggunakan Adobe flash CS 6 pada pokok bahasan hukum newton tentang gerak dan penerapannya serta mengetahui persepsi siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Model pengembangan yang digunakan diadaptasi dari model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA N 1 Rantau Pandan yang berjumlah dua puluh delapan siswa. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi, angket validasi ahli media, angket validasi ahli materi dan angket persepsi siswa. Teknik analisis data yang berupa saran dari validator ahli media dan ahli materi dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan skor persepsi siswa dilakukan secara statistik deskriptif. Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki spesifikasi antara lain format akhir program adalah swf dan exe, program dilengkapi dengan warna, gambar, teks dan animasi, media pembelajaran ini merupakan jenis media audio-visual yang akan dikemas dalam bentuk CD, media pembelajaran ini terdiri dari bagian intro, isi, dan penutup, cakupan materi yaitu hukum newton tentang gerak dan penerapannya, dan tingkat pengguna media yaitu Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Keunggulan yang terdapat pada media pembelajaran ini antara lain bahasa yang digunakan mudah dimengerti, gambar yang ditampilkan jelas, animasi yang ditampilkan menarik, terdapat soal interaktif pada menu evaluasi sehingga siswa dapat melihat skor yang diperoleh dari tes akhir tersebut. Kelemahan yang terdapat pada media pembelajaran ini antara lain belum terdapat video dan simulasi pada media pembelajaran, media pembelajaran ini hanya bisa digunakan pada computer atau laptop yang mempunyai aplikasi adobe flash CS 6. Berdasarkan hasil dari persepsi siswa pada indikator tampilan media pembelajaran diperoleh kesimpulan responden menjawab baik pada setiap butir soal dengan rata-rata nilai 78,5 %. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil dari persepsi siswa pada indikator manfaat penggunaan media pembelajaran diperoleh kesimpulan responden menjawab baik pada setiap butir soal dengan rata-rata nilai 81,73 %. Hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwa media pembelajaran Fisika ini layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran fisika pada materi hukum newton tentang gerak dan penerapannya untuk siswa SMA kelas X SMA. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Hukum Newton Tentang Gerak Dan Penerapannya, Adobe Flash CS 6.

<p>The Mango Suite is a set of three freely downloadable cross-platform authoring programs for flexible network-based CALL exercises. They are Adobe Air applications, so they can be used on Windows, Macintosh, or Linux computers, provided the freely-available Adobe Air has been installed on the computer. The exercises which the programs generate are all Adobe Flash based. The three programs are: (1) Mango-multi, which constructs multiple-choice exercises with an optional sound and/or image; (2) Mango-match, which is for word/phrase matching exercises, and has an added feature intended to promote memorization, whereby an item must be matched correctly not once but an optional consecutive number of times; (3) Mango-gap, which produces seamless gap filling exercises, where the gaps can be as small as desired, down to the level of individual letters, and correction feedback is similarly detailed. Sounds may also be inserted at any desired points within the text, so that it is suitable for listening or dictation exercises. Each exercise generated by any of the programs is produced in the form of a folder containing all of the necessary files for immediate upload and deployment (except that if sound files are used in a Mango-gap exercise, they must be copied to the folder manually). The html file in which the flash exercise is embedded may be edited in any way to suit the user, and an xml file controlling the appearance of the exercise itself may be edited through a wysiwyg interface in the authoring program. The programs aim to combine ease of use with features not available in other authoring programs, toprovide a useful teaching and research tool.</p>

Abstrak: Media pembelajaran merupakan sarana penyalur pesan atau informasi belajar yang hendak disampaikan oleh sumber pesan kepada sasaran atau penerima pesan tersebut. Penggunaan media pengajaran dapat membantu pencapaian keberhasilan belajar. Penelitian perancangan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis android di jurusan teknik komputer dan jaringan SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya merupakan sebuah program bantu untuk memudahkan guru dalam menjelaskan pelajaran serta memudahkan siswa untuk memahami pelajaran yang di ajarkan. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Menggunakan model pengembangan versi 4-D (four D). 4D terdiri dari define, design, develop, dessiminatte. Model pengembangan sistemnya menggunakan model pengembangan multimedia Luther – Sutopo. Dari uji produk yang penulis lakukan memperoleh uji validitas dengan rata-rata nilai 0,85 yaitu valid, uji praktikalitas penulis mendapatkan rata-rata 0,92 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, dan pada uji efektivitas penulis mendapatkan rata-rata nilai 0,92, berdasarkan hasil uji produk ini, dapat membantu mahasiswa, guru atau dosen yang akan melakukan penelitian dalam bidang pendidikan agar penelitian dapat dilanjutkan untuk melihat keberhasilan penggunaan media ini kepada siswa dan para calon guru maupun guru dapat mengembangkan materi dari desain yang telah di rancang ini. Kata Kunci : Adobe Flash CS6, Adobe Air, Android, Luther-Sutopo, Media Pembelajaran. Abstract: Learning media is a means of channeling messages or learning information to be conveyed by the source of the message to the target or recipient of the message. The use of teaching media can help achieve successful learning The research design of Android-based physics learning media in the department of computer engineering and networking at SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya is an assistive program to facilitate teachers in explaining lessons and make it easier for students to understand the lessons taught. The type of research the author uses is Research and Development (R&D) research. Using the 4-D (four D) version development model. 4D consists of define, design, develop, dessiminatte. The system development model uses the Luther - Sutopo multimedia development model. From the product test that the author did, obtained a validity test with an average value of 0.85 that is valid, the practicality test of the writer got an average of 0.92 with a very high category, and on the effectiveness test the writer got an average value of 0.92, based on the results of this product test, can help students, teachers or lecturers who will conduct research in the field of education so that research can be continued to see the successful use of this media to students and prospective teachers and teachers can develop material from this design that has been designed. Keywords : Adobe Flash CS6, Adobe Air, Android, Luther-Sutopo, Learning Media.

This study is aimed to create an English learning media game application as an interesting alternative learning system in order to increase English knowledge and children's interest in learning. It is also to presents the English learning media game application quickly and precisely to the students of SDN Melayu 2 Banjarmasin. The research method used is Applied Research which also used primary data sources and secondary data. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and literature. As for the system development method, the author used the Waterfall method by analyzing the system, functional and non-functional requirements and PIECES analysis by using the Adobe Flash CS6 application program to make English learning media for students. The results of this study are the formation of learning media game applications so that learning for users could make changes in mindset, have a learning spirit and increase the interest of students in learning and are more relevant. The installation could also be accessed easily just by using a computer device.

<p>Pendahuluan: Vitíligo adalah kelainan didapat yang ditandai dengan bercak depigmentasi berbatas tegas akibat hilangnya melanosit fungsional. Kortikosteroid topikal masih merupakan terapi andalan. Tretinoin diduga juga mempunyai efek repigmentasi pada pasien vitiligo. Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan efektivitas penambahan tretinoin 0.025% pada krim desoksimetason terhadap repigmentasi vitiligo. Metode: Uji klinis dengan kelompok kontrol pre dan post test, pada pasien vitiligo di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta antara Januari dan April 2019. Kelompok kontrol menerima desoksimetason saja sedangkan kelompok perlakuan mendapat tretinoin 0.025% dikombinasi dengan desoksimetason. Setiap lesi difoto dengan menyertakan penggaris sebagai skala untuk memudahkan penghitungan dengan program komputer, diproses mengunakan program Adobe photoshop CS5 extended version 12.0 x32, 2010 dan Coreldraw x7 version 17.0.0.491 2014 Corel corporation. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dan Wilcoxon, nilai p &lt;0,05 dianggap signifikan. Hasil: Hasil analisis gambar menunjukkan penurunan luas lesi signifikan pada kelompok studi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol pada bulan ke 3 setelah terapi (p = 0,000).Simpulan: Kombinasi tretinoin 0.025% dan krim desoksimetason lebih efektif daripada terapi tunggal dalam mengobati vitiligo.</p><p>Introduction : Various types of therapeutic modalities are used for repigmentation in vitiligo lesions and to stabilize the depigmentation process. Objective : To prove the efficacy of tretinoin 0.025% addition to desoximetasone cream in repigmentation process. Methods : Clinical trial with pre- and posttest control group design, conducted in vitiligo patients in Dermatovenereology Departement of Dr. MoewardiGeneral Hospital between January and April 2019. Control group received desoximethasone only and study group received tretinoin 0.025% combined with desoximethasone. Each lesion was photographed with a ruler scale to facilitate calculations with computer programs Adobe Photoshop CS5 extended version 12.0 x32, 2010 and Coreldraw x7 version 17.0.0.491 2014 Corel Corp. Statistical analysis used Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon test. Result : Image analysis revealed a significant decrease of lesion area in the study group (p=0.000). Conclusion: Combination of tretinoin and desoximetasone cream is more effective than single therapy in treating vitiligo.</p>

The article presents the concept of industrial ornament, gives stylistic features. The main trends in the art of post-revolutionary Russia, which were the ideological and methodological basis for the formation of industrial ornament, are considered. The main features that should be reflected in the construction of an industrial ornament are identified: the motif of an ornament based on geometry, industrial objects, sports subjects, objects from a computer gaming environment; a three-dimensional spatial image of the motif of an ornament in three dimensions; a colouristic solution of an ornamental composition. The classification of compositional drawings for the construction of a rapport grid of avant-garde fabrics, as a basis for the con-struction of an industrial ornament, is given. In the course of the study, a method for constructing a textile industrial ornament was developed. Recommendations for the development of an ornament are presented Adobe Photoshop CC program with elements of 3D modelling. The author’s ornamental drawings have been developed according to the given recommendations.

Background: The article presents our own experience of using computer tomography for identification of individuals with known results. Aims: The aim of the study was to verify the possibility of performing an identification study using a three-dimensional model obtained from computed tomography of the head. Identification was performed using a three-dimensional model of the head, based on computer tomography sections made in various projections, with a step of 1.231.25 mm. Two-dimensional images of the face (photos) were used for comparison. All comparative studies were conducted using approved methods of craniofacial and portrait identification: by reference points and contours. The experiment used a computer program that allows you to export DICOM-files of computed tomography results to other formats (InVesalius), as well as computer programs that directly work with the research objects (Autodesk 3ds Max, alternative programs Adobe Photoshop, Smith Micro Poser Pro). Results: In the course of research, it was found that, having computer tomography data of the head, it is possible to conduct identification studies on the following parameters: on the reconstructed three-dimensional model of the soft tissues of the face, on the three-dimensional model of the skull (craniofacial identification), on the features of the structure of the ear. Conclusion: Positive results were obtained when comparing objects, which makes it advisable to use them in practical and scientific activities.

The purpose of this research is to systematize and present the acquired in the process of personal teaching effective teaching methods and techniques, as well as meaningful conclusions in the context of the course “Computer Technology in Design” for its optimization. Research methodology. The research is based, first of all, on the author’s remarks and observations on the peculiarities of mastering by students of the speciality “Graphic Design and Advertising” of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts the functionality of graphic editors. That is, among the scientific methods in the preparation of the article were used methods of observation, experiment, comparison, classification, systematization, scientific analysis. Scientific novelty. The study has found that the current model of teaching computer science to designers focused on the study of graphic editors needs to be improved and updated in the context of current trends in computer design. Therefore, taking into account the existing shortcomings, it was proposed to optimize the training approach in four main positions: study of digital art terminology; working out of technical receptions; combination of basic artistic principles with program functionality; education of analytical qualities in students (graphic image analysis). Thus, all volume of the tasks directed on working off of technical receptions in combination with basic art bases is classified into three categories according to their maintenance: algorithmic tasks (the result is predicted); creative tasks (the result is variable, unpredictable); combined tasks (the result is variable). The practical block of tasks for studying graphic editors Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator for 1–2 years students, successfully tested during the educational process during 2018–2021, is reflected in the table, and the relevant analytical conclusions are presented in the form of infographics. Conclusions. As it was proved in the course of the research, it is the accumulated teaching experience in the context of theoretical substantiation that can experimentally help to determine a quality educational model. As a result, it was possible to systematize the effective teaching methods and techniques acquired during personal teaching, to present a successfully tested set of tasks, as well as to formulate theses on optimizing the educational model in the context of the “Computer Technology in Design” course.

Purpose: To compare the aspect of the reproduction accuracy in studied methods of determination of the (CR) of jaws using the digital research methods. The methods used were bilateral manipulation by P.E. Dawson, frontal deprogrammer, leaf gauge, and intraoral device for recording of Gothic arch angle. Methods: To determine the reproduction accuracy of the centric relation of jaws, we examined 5 patients with intact dentition in a prosthetic dentistry clinic (first class in Angle’s system). For each method, 20 registrations of the centric jaw relation were carried out by one operator. The breaks between definitions were 30 minutes. A total of 400 CR recording operations were carried out (400 records of CR). In order to study the reproducibility of CR determination methods, 200 recorded mandible positions were analyzed by means of an analog-to-digital method (a macro kit Canon 650D, Canon 60 mm macro IS USM f2.8, Canon macro ring MR-14 EX and the computer program Adobe Photoshop) to assess the first occlusal contact obtained in the CR of jaws, while the other 200 were analyzed by means of a digital method (the computer program Avantis for 3D modeling, Prime as a laboratory 3D scanner (DOF), and Trios as an intraoral scanner (3Shape)) to assess the spatial position of the mandible in the CR. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATISTICA-10. In all statistical analysis procedures, the critical significance level p was assumed to be 0.05. Results: In the study of the data by means of the computer program Avanti 3D, the reproducibility of the mandible position in the CR reached 0.119 ± 0.012 mm for frontal deprogrammer, 0.225 ± 0.028, p ≤ 0.05 for bilateral manipulation by Dawson P.E., 0.207 ± 0.02, p ≤ 0.05 for leaf gauge, and 0.120 ± 0,013, p ≤ 0.05 using an intraoral device for recording the Gothic arch angle. The analog-to-digital method showed an identical tendency for reproduction of the mandible position. Conclusions: The digital analysis we made using the Avantis 3D program showed, with high confidence, that the maximum reproducibility of the CR position was reached by using our own design frontal deprogrammer and the device for recording Gothic arch angle.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Three-dimensional images of the area were begun to create in the middle ages. The discoveries of new territories had led to the necessity of their mapping. On the perspective-panoramic maps of that time cities and fortresses were often depicted as they could be seen by an approaching traveler, usually from the most impressive side, from "bird's eye view". Cartographic images were performed manually, by the method of engraving on wood or on copper.</p><p> One of the first panoramic maps of Belarusian cities was a cartographic image of the city of Grodno, presented in The Large Atlas of Cities called "Civitates Orbis Terrarum" ("Cities of the world"). The Atlas was published by the cartographer Georg Braun and engraver of maps Franz Hogenberg in Cologne in 1572–1617. The main method of presentation of the cities in it was a picture.</p><p> A significant contribution to the development of cartography in Belarus was made by cartographer, artist, engraver and printer, the creator of the map of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1613) Tomasz Makowski. For many years Makowski were traveling all over the country and thoroughly studying its features as a topographer, historian, artist and geographer. He examined and sketched the most outstanding objects, as evidenced by his panoramic images of some cities. In particular, he created panoramic engravings of Nesvizh, Grodno, Brest and other cities of modern Belarus.</p><p> Nowadays, the traditions of medieval art cartography in Belarus have received a new development in the works of artist-cartographer Ruben Atoyan. Initially, cartographic images were made manually with ink and watercolors. Panoramic maps of the main cities of Belarus, including Minsk, Grodno, Gomel, Mogilev, Mir, Nesvizh, Novogrudok, etc. were created in a such way.</p><p> With the usage of computer technologies at the present stage, the technique of creating of artistic cartographic images has significantly changed. The majority of types of work which was performed previously by creating on paper, now is possible to implement using a personal computer, graphics tablet and vector and raster graphics programs. During this process – and it's very important – the handwritten style of images is kept and the ability of operative update of the content is provided. However, there are some types of artistic and cartographic work which easier and faster to accomplish manually than on the computer, for example, drawing of different types of trees, grasses, waters of rivers and lakes. In this case it's possible to speak about the combined handwriting-automated technology of artistic map image creation which includes elements made manually and the separated stages and elements which advisable to perform on the computer.</p><p> The construction of the perspective image of an urban landscape according to the method developed by the author conditionally consists of several stages.</p><p> The first step includes the selection of the projection direction and determination of the territory coverage by remote sensing images of the Earth and the city plan. The previously developed template of perspective (central) projection is used to build a perspective grid on the sheet of the drawing paper. Then the road network and configuration of the structures are drawn.</p><p> The second stage is the construction of buildings’ frames of complex configuration (for example, architectural monuments) and drawing them in ink.</p><p> The third stage includes the color design (with watercolor) of significant parkland, forests, and water areas. It was determined empirically that this type of work is more appropriate to perform manually.</p><p> The handwritten component of this technique is completed by scanning of the image in high resolution. Further, the creation of a panoramic map is carried out with the usage of vector and raster graphics programs.</p><p> The fourth stage involves the detailing of the facades, i.e. filling the frames with structural elements from the pre-created library of signs (different types of windows, doors, arches, balconies, etc.) (using the vector graphics program Adobe Illustrator).</p><p> At the final, the fifth stage, the concluding color design of the panorama is realized according to the library of colors and textures (using the raster graphics program Adobe Photoshop).</p><p> The similar steps are performed in graphic editors during the creating of a panoramic map using the automated technique. This method involves the usage of computer technologies only. Thus, at the first level of visualization the plan of the territory based on an aerial photograph of the city is created in the program Adobe Illustrator. Then this scheme is transformed into a perspective projection using the tool “Perspective Distort” in the Free transform toolset. The construction of all buildings’ frames (including structures of complex configuration) is also implemented in vector format with the tools "Pen" and "Line Segment" (the second level of visualization). At the third and fourth levels, the frames are filled with structural elements, and then the whole cartographic image is made in color according to the libraries of textures and colors.</p><p> Operational updating of the content of panoramas created earlier is carried out mainly by the combined technique with the usage of Adobe Photoshop: new buildings which were drawn manually or on a computer are combined with the scanned original, the colors of facades and roofs are updated, park spaces and road junctions are added. For these purposes the following tools are used: "Polygonal Lasso", "Brush", "Clone Stamp", "Color Replacement ", – as well as the options "Curves", "Color Balance", "Hue/Saturation" of the section Image/Adjustment.</p><p> The combined handwritten and automated method of constructing of three-dimensional cartographic images was tested by the author during the creating and updating of the panoramic maps of cities not only of Belarus, but also other world-class cities: Berlin, Moscow, Yerevan, Astana.</p><p> Currently, the author is working on the practical usage of this method of creating of artistic cartographic images for the development of electronic multi-scale applications for the cities of the Republic of Belarus.</p>

This article discusses a very well-known and frequently used technique for an implementation of a variety of artistic projects - a collage created by means of information technology. The article tells about using collage in higher education for teaching graphics, in particular, raster editors. Graphics editors such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP are included in the Computer Science and Information Technology program. Students get the opportunity to create graphic images regardless of their prior art education. The introduction of the topic "Creating a collage by means of a raster editor" introduces a creative element into IT disciplines and develops the student's associative thinking at the level of brain functioning. As a rule, raster editors are used to edit an image, not to create it. Therefore, preparation for these classes encourages students to search for the necessary visual material on the Internet. In order to obtain more personal images, a deep study of photography techniques is required. It is also useful to study the history of photo and film collages, their texture and structure. The scope of the collage use is various. This is psychology, teaching foreign languages and, of course, fine arts. Advertising posters that we see in large numbers in the media and transport are also collages. The article traces the history of collage creation from ancient Egyptian history to modern advertising products. It is especially interesting to study the time when collage became a conscious technique. This is a great layer of avant-garde art.

This study aims to inquire into creative manifestation of people without experience in design focused on computational thinking with a view to improving problem-solving abilities, in times of the increasing needs for problem-solving abilities and creativity due to growing complex problems of today. Though creativity is usually manifested by emotions and intuition of designers, it requires systematic computational thinking based on Big data, AI and Internet-based coding. As a way of strengthening problem-solving abilities, this study intends to examine how logical and quantitative computational thinking influences to improve creativity in design. For the purpose of this, through literature review regarding computational thinking, way of thinking of designers, design thinking and creativity, this study conducted thinking based on computer program oriented to students of school with gifted education, who do not have science-based design experience. This study aims to stop the quality investigation of left-brain and right-brain, scratch thinking and design thinking and ways to gain benefits, stop using them, and target science-based gifted school students who do not have a design environment. A social enterprise logo using Adobe Illustrator. After specifying the design, it was divided into four personas based on the contents of the interview. Through this, it was derived that the students obtained satisfaction during the design process by helping to solve problems through idea implementation, automation of implementation, materialization of implementation, and abstraction of implementation.

This work covers current questions on studying structural changes in the wall of the abdominal aorta during the modelled long-term immobilization stress against vagotonia. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of prolonged vagotonia on the structure of the wall of the abdominal aorta in rats in the experiment. The studies were performed on three comparable groups of hundred-day Wistar rats, which were exposed to immobilization stress and vagotonia for a period of 10 days. Immobilization was chosen as a method to induce stress model. The rats were placed into a special plastic box, in this way limiting their movements for four hours at room temperature. Vagotonia was modelled by the administration of pyridostigmine bromide, reversible anticholinesterase. Histological preparations of the abdominal aorta were studied by x40, x100, x400 magnification using the Primo Star 5 microscope (Carl Zeiss, FRG) followed by photography of microscopic images. Computer morphometry was performed with x100 and x400 magnification and then the image were displayed on the computer monitor using the DVR and AxioVision image analysis software (Rel.4.8.2) in μm. We assessed the thickness of the subendothelial layer, and namely an internal elastic membrane and media. The ratio of the extent of the abdominal aorta lumen to the vascular wall was calculated in the Adobe Photoshop program by the A. A. Glagoliev method through overlaying of point grids on sections, the results were converted into percentages. The studies were carried out in five fields of five different sections in each rat. The results of the variation analysis of the morphological data obtained have revealed some features of restructuring the vascular wall of the abdominal aorta due to prolonged immobilization stress accompanied by vagotonia. It has been found out that prolonged exposure of hundred-day Wistar rats to immobilization stress leads to a decrease in thickness and certain morphological changes in all layers of the abdominal aorta wall and a decrease in the percentage of the component of the vessel wall. When accompanied by prolonged immobilization and vagotonia, preservation of the endothelial layer of the abdominal aorta was observed against the background of a decrease in intimal thickness and degenerative cell changes, as well as media thickening and focal changes in adventitia.

When the researchers conducted studies Implementation Method Waterfall In Registration Information System Web-Based Outpatient Mobile, researchers found that the health center belongs to the municipality located in the village of Lubuk Tanjung Lubuk Linggau felt the need for development in line with increased demand for health services for the community. PHC Tanjung Lubuk Housing is in the process of registration of outpatients manuallyor still use conventional manner, includes data recording the identity of the patient, make a list of queues, search medical records of patients, as well as card making patients. When enrollment of patients when treatment would still be written in a ledger and patient data and data ever experienced disease (medical records) was recorded in the general ledger and certain records and stored in a special file. This often times lead to errors and writing the name of the same patient when treated umpteenth time and the difficulty in grouping the data requires considerable time as well as the lack of assurance of data security. If we want to find the patient data needed to be looking in the archives of books one by one to determine such data. With the support of information technology, manual processing in the clinic can be replaced using a computer. In addition to fast and easy with the information system has been made of data processing has also become more accurate. The method used in the information system of registration of outpatient-based mobile web in BPS town Lubuklinggau this, and to know the running system, using a structured approach using several tools like Uml, use case diagrams, activity, sequence diagram, class diagram , while for the system development method using a sequential linear or often called "the development cycle of the classic" or "waterfall model / waterfall". Support software used is Xampp, Adobe Dreamweaver CS3, PHP, and MySQL databases as well as the builder of program documentation and reports. With a system based on the mobile web, which is already connected to the Internet, of course, would greatly facilitate the processing of census data suseda to be stored and will be very helpful in terms of data storage census suseda, because each finished data can be collected more quickly, accurately and save time with the specified schedule.

This study aims to compare the social presence and motivation of students taking a database II course using either the virtual world Second Life (SL) or the Enocta learning management system (LMS)/Adobe Connect. The study group consisted of 60 undergraduate sophomore students enrolled in a fully online computer programming program. Students were divided into two groups of 30. The first group was the experimental group taking the course on Second Life and the latter was control group taking the course through the Enocta LMS/Adobe Connect. A matching-only pre- and post-test control group design was applied. The data were collected through the Perceived Sociability Scale of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environments (Sociability Scale) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The results of the study showed significant differences in motivation and social presence scores in favour of the students taking the course through Second Life.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the development of AJARKO learning media (computer network application) based on Android in the information technology education study program and to determine the feasibility of the developed media. The media was developed using Adobe Flash Professional CS6 software. The type of research used is R&D using the ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model. The research subjects were 4th semester PTI students. The validation results obtained from media experts amounted to 89.3% which was declared very feasible. Then from the material and question experts each got a score of 67.6% and 67.5% which were declared eligible. The assessment of the respondents got an average value of 88.4% which was declared very feasible. It is concluded that this android-based computer network learning media is feasible to be applied to the learning process.

This research on movement patterns of agonistic behavior in crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus was conducted at laboratory and used an aquarium size 25 cm x 10 cm x 15 cm. The patterns of agonistic behavior were recorded by using a CCD and digital camera. The recorded data were analyzed using The Adobe Premier computer program and using Jaccard similarity to solve the reciprocal movement patterns. Clustering based on the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Average) indicated that the dissimilarity value was about 0,98 and the moving pattern of the agonistic behaviors were grouped into five groups, namely: 1) threatening; 2) arranging the strategy; 3) testing the enemies capability; 4) fighting; 5) avoiding and defending.

<p>This study aims to establish the effects of educational computer games on the vocabulary learning of EFL students. In the research, the real experimental model with a pre-test/post-test control group was used. The application of the study was carried out with 5th grade EFL students in two middle schools. The study group consisted of 166 students in the experimental group and 171 students in the control group. Five different games have been developed for use in research, including selection-matching-space-filling games, memory games, word capture games, crossword games, and millionaire games. Games were prepared by using Adobe Captivate 9.0 program. The students in the experimental group learned through educational computer games. The students in the control group learned according to the current program. Data were collected by applying the academic achievement test before and after one month of the experiment. To analyze the data were used quantitative data methods; T-Test for independent samples, t-Test for dependent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of the study indicate that the students who learned vocabulary with educational computer games were more successful than the students who learned according to the current program. The learning in the experimental group is more retention than in the control group.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0963/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Objective: To estimate the age of a person by pulp/tooth ratio using digital intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPARs) of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.Material and Methods: The present study analyzed radiographs from randomly selected sample of 100 (50males and 50 females) individuals, within the age group of 16–65 years, further grouped as: Group A – 16 – 25 years of age, Group B – 26 – 35 years, Group C – 36 – 45 years, Group D – 46 – 55 years and Group E – 56 – 65 years of age. The pre-existing digital intraoral periapical radiographs(IOPARs) were collected from the archives of the institution. The images were saved as a high resolution JPEG files on a desktop computer and imported to the Adobe Photoshop CS7 image-editing software program for further analysis.Results: A statistically significant correlation between age and pulp/tooth ratio was observed and no significant difference between chronological and estimated ages was noted.Conclusion: An accurate age of a person can be estimated by pulp/tooth ratio using digital intraoral periapical radiographs(IOPARs) of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.

Safflower is a representative of Asteraceae and is one of the most ancient crops cultivated by man. Its center of origin is the Mediterranean. Safflower is one of minor crops: its sown area is limited and it is used by a small number of countries, including Ukraine. This is a rough herbaceous plant, adapted to the hot arid climate, the habitat of safflower is confined to the steppes and semi-deserts. Today it is used mainly as an oilseed crop. Golkar et al. studied the level of chlorophyll in safflower leaves. The level of chlorophyll a, b and a + b in safflower in hybrids and parental lines was evaluated. As a result, it was found that in most cases hybrid plants have levels of chlorophyll intermediate in relation to the parental lines. Chlorophyll a and b have different absorption maxima. The maxima of the first are in the ranges 420-440 and 650-670 nm, the second - 450-470 and 630-650 nm. For this reason, chlorophyll a has a bluish tint and chlorophyll b has a yellowish tint. The aim of this work was to clarify the nature of the inheritance of leaf color in safflower. The colour of leaves in safflower was studied. The work was provided on the material of the Institute of oilseed crops of National academy of afrarian sciences of Ukraine collection. The parent samples had 3 phenotypes: a medium-tone blue-green leaf, a light green leaf, and a light yellow-green leaf. Leaf color was evaluated visually and using the Adobe Photoshop CS3 computer program in Lab and RGB modes. In Lab mode, the assessment was performed in the Lightness channel to determine the average or light tone of the sheet. While breeding samples with different leaf color the results of direct and reciprocal crossing differed, the F1 hybrids had leaf colour matched the maternal plant. In the second generation segregation was observed. Basing on the received data, we draw a conclusion that 3 nuclear genes with cytoplasmic genes determine inheritance of leaf colour. We propose that the nuclear genes be designated Gra, Grb, Grc as “green”. The interaction of these genes with cytoplasmic genes gives a light, medium, and dark leaf tone. In the cytoplasm, we assume two possible genotypes. Depending on them, the type of cytoplasm can be normal or light. Phenotypic manifestations of some gene combinations (gra gra Grb-Grc- — medim leaf tone; Gra-grb grb Grc-, Gra-grb grb grc grc, gra gra Grb-grc grc — light leaf tone) do not depend on the type of cytoplasm. In other cases a maternal effect is observed. In the combination of genes Gra-Grb-Grc- the light type of cytoplasm brightens the medium tone of the leaf to light, and in the combination gra gra gra grb grb Grc- — dark to medium, which determines the existence of different variants of segregation according to the phenotype with the same genotype. So we conclude that leaf color is inherited by three nuclear genes Gra, Grb, Grf-. Additionally, the color of the leaf is affected by cytoplasm. Light cytoplasm can brighten the leaf tone compared to the mediun for the same genotype. There are genotypes whose leaf tone does not depend on the type of cytoplasm.

Introduction Almost all industries in Australia today have adopted digital media in some way. However, uses in large scale activities such as mining may seem to be different from others. This article looks at mining practices with a media studies approach, and concludes that, just as many other industries, mining and media have converged. Many Australian mine sites are adopting new media for communication and control to manage communication, explore for ore bodies, simulate forces, automate drilling, keep records, and make transport and command robotic. Beyond sharing similar digital devices for communication and computation, new media in mining employ characteristic digital media operations, such as numerical operation, automation and managed variability. This article examines the implications of finding that some of the most material practices have become mediated by new media. Mining has become increasingly mediated through new media technologies similar to GPS, visualisation, game remote operation, similar to those adopted in consumer home and mobile digital media. The growing and diversified adoption of digital media championed by companies like Rio Tinto aims not only ‘improve’ mining, but to change it. Through remediating practices of digital mining, new media have become integral powerful tools in prospective, real time and analytical environments. This paper draws on two well-known case studies of mines in the Pilbara and Western NSW. These have been documented in press releases and media reports as representing changes in media and mining. First, the West Angelas mines in the Pilbara is an open cut iron ore mine introducing automation and remote operation. This mine is located in the remote Pilbara, and is notable for being operated remotely from a control centre 2000km away, near Perth Airport, WA. A growing fleet of Komatsu 930E haul trucks, which can drive autonomously, traverses the site. Fitted with radars, lasers and GPS, these enormous vehicles navigate through the open pit mine with no direct human control. Introducing these innovations to mine sites become more viable after iron ore mining became increasingly profitable in the mid-2000s. A boom in steel building in China drove unprecedented demand. This growing income coincided with a change in public rhetoric from companies like Rio Tinto. They pointed towards substantial investments in research, infrastructure, and accelerated introduction of new media technologies into mining practices. Rio Tinto trademarked the term ‘Mine of the future’ (US Federal News Service 1), and publicised their ambitious project for renewal of mining practice, including digital media. More recently, prices have been more volatile. The second case study site is a copper and gold underground mine at Northparkes in Western NSW. Northparkes uses substantial sensing and control, as well as hybrid autonomous and remote operated vehicles. The use of digital media begins with prospecting, and through to logistics of transportation. Engineers place explosives in optimal positions using computer modelling of the underground rock formations. They make heavy use of software to coordinate layer-by-layer use of explosives in this advanced ‘box cut’ mine. After explosives disrupt the rock layer a kilometre underground, another specialised vehicle collects and carries the ore to the surface. The Sandvik loader-hauler-dumper (LHD) can be driven conventionally by a driver, but it can also travel autonomously in and out of the mine without a direct operator. Once it reaches a collection point, where the broken up ore has accumulated, a user of the surface can change the media mode to telepresence. The human operator then takes control using something like a games controller and multiple screens. The remote operator controls the LHD to fill the scoop with ore. The fully-loaded LHD backs up, and returns autonomously using laser senses to follow a trail to the next drop off point. The LHD has become a powerful mediator, reconfiguring technical, material and social practices throughout the mine. The Meanings of Mining and Media Are Converging Until recently, mining and media typically operated ontologically separately. The media, such as newspapers and television, often tell stories about mining, following regular narrative scripts. There are controversies and conflicts, narratives of ecological crises, and the economics of national benefit. There are heroic and tragic stories such as the Beaconsfield mine collapse (Clark). There are new industry policies (Middelbeek), which are politically fraught because of the lobbying power of miners. Almost completely separately, workers in mines were consumers of media, from news to entertainment. These media practices, while important in their own right, tell nothing of the approaching changes in many other sectors of work and everyday life. It is somewhat unusual for a media studies scholar to study mine sites. Mine sites are most commonly studied by Engineering (Bellamy & Pravica), Business and labour and cultural histories (McDonald, Mayes & Pini). Until recently, media scholarship on mining has related to media institutions, such as newspapers, broadcasters and websites, and their audiences. As digital media have proliferated, the phenomena that can be considered as media phenomena has changed. This article, pointing to the growing roles of media technologies, observes the growing importance that media, in these terms, have in the rapidly changing domain of mining. Another meaning for ‘media’ studies, from cybernetics, is that a medium is any technology that translates perception, makes interpretations, and performs expressions. This meaning is more abstract, operating with a broader definition of media — not only those institutionalised as newspapers or radio stations. It is well known that computer-based media have become ubiquitous in culture. This is true in particular within the mining company’s higher ranks. Rio Tinto’s ambitious 2010 ‘Mine of the Future’ (Fisher & Schnittger, 2) program was premised on an awareness that engineers, middle managers and senior staff were already highly computer literate. It is worth remembering that such competency was relatively uncommon until the late 1980s. The meanings of digital media have been shifting for many years, as computers become experienced more as everyday personal artefacts, and less as remote information systems. Their value has always been held with some ambivalence. Zuboff’s (387-414) picture of loss, intimidation and resistance to new information technologies in the 1980s seems to have dissipated by 2011. More than simply being accepted begrudgingly, the PC platform (and variants) has become a ubiquitous platform, a lingua franca for information workers. It became an intimate companion for many professions, and in many homes. It was an inexpensive, versatile and generalised convergent medium for communication and control. And yet, writers such as Gregg observe, the flexibility of networked digital work imposes upon many workers ‘unlimited work’. The office boundaries of the office wall break down, for better or worse. Emails, utility and other work-related behaviours increasingly encroach onto domestic and public space and time. Its very attractiveness to users has tied them to these artefacts. The trail that leads the media studies discipline down the digital mine shaft has been cleared by recent work in media archaeology (Parikka), platform studies (Middelbeek; Montfort & Bogost; Maher) and new media (Manovich). Each of these redefined Media Studies practices addresses the need to diversify the field’s attention and methods. It must look at more specific, less conventional and more complex media formations. Mobile media and games (both computer-based) have turned out to be quite different from traditional media (Hjorth; Goggin). Kirschenbaum’s literary study of hard drives and digital fiction moves from materiality to aesthetics. In my study of digital mining, I present a reconfigured media studies, after the authors, that reveals heterogeneous media configurations, deserving new attention to materiality. This article also draws from the actor network theory approach and terminology (Latour). The uses of media / control / communications in the mining industry are very complex, and remain under constant development. Media such as robotics, computer modelling, remote operation and so on are bound together into complex practices. Each mine site is different — geologically, politically, and economically. Mines are subject to local and remote disasters. Mine tunnels and global prices can collapse, rendering active sites uneconomical overnight. Many technologies are still under development — including Northparkes and West Angelas. Both these sites are notable for their significant use of autonomous vehicles and remote operated vehicles. There is no doubt that the digital technologies modulate all manner of the mining processes: from rocks and mechanical devices to human actors. Each of these actors present different forms of collusion and opposition. Within a mining operation, the budgets for computerised and even robotic systems are relatively modest for their expected return. Deep in a mine, we can still see media convergence at work. Convergence refers to processes whereby previously diverse practices in media have taken on similar devices and techniques. While high-end PCs in mining, running simulators; control data systems; visualisation; telepresence, and so on may be high performance, ruggedised devices, they still share a common platform to the desktop PC. Conceptual resources developed in Media Ecology, New Media Studies, and the Digital Humanities can now inform readings of mining practices, even if their applications differ dramatically in size, reliability and cost. It is not entirely surprising that some observations by new media theorists about entertainment and media applications can also relate to features of mining technologies. Manovich argues that numerical representation is a distinctive feature of new media. Numbers have always already been key to mining engineering. However, computers visualise numerical fields in simulations that extend out of the minds of the calculators, and into visual and even haptic spaces. Specialists in geology, explosives, mechanical apparatuses, and so on, can use plaftorms that are common to everyday media. As the significance of numbers is extended by computers in the field, more and more diverse sources of data provide apparently consistent and seamless images of multiple fields of knowledge. Another feature that Manovich identifies in new media is the capacity for automation of media operations. Automation of many processes in mechanical domains clearly occurred long before industrial technologies were ported into new media. The difference with new media in mine sites is that robotic systems must vary their performance according to feedback from their extra-system environments. For our purposes, the haul trucks in WA are software-controlled devices that already qualify as robots. They sense, interpret and act in the world based on their surroundings. They evaluate multiple factors, including the sensors, GPS signals, operator instructions and so on. They can repeat the path, by sensing the differences, day after day, even if the weather changes, the track wears away or the instructions from base change. Automation compensates for differences within complex and changing environments. Automation of an open-pit mine haulage system… provides more consistent and efficient operation of mining equipment, it removes workers from potential danger, it reduces fuel consumption significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and it can help optimize vehicle repairs and equipment replacement because of more-predictable and better-controlled maintenance. (Parreire and Meech 1-13) Material components in physical mines tend to become modular and variable, as their physical shape lines up with the logic of another of Manovich’s new media themes, variability. Automatic systems also make obsolete human drivers, who previously handled those environmental variations, for better or for worse, through the dangerous, dull and dirty spaces of the mine. Drivers’ capacity to control repeat trips is no longer needed. The Komatsu driverless truck, introduced to the WA iron ore mines from 2008, proved itself to be almost as quick as human drivers at many tasks. But the driverless trucks have deeper advantages: they can run 23 hours each day with no shift breaks; they drive more cautiously and wear the equipment less than human drivers. There is no need to put up workers and their families up in town. The benefit most often mentioned is safety: even the worst accident won’t produce injuries to drivers. The other advantage less mentioned is that autonomous trucks don’t strike. Meanwhile, managers of human labour also need to adopt certain strategies of modulation to support the needs and expectations of their workers. Mobile phones, televisions and radio are popular modes of connecting workers to their loved ones, particularly in the remote and harsh West Angelas site. One solution — regular fly-in-fly out shifts — tends also to be alienating for workers and locals (Cheshire; Storey; Tonts). As with any operations, the cost of maintaining a safe and comfortable environment for workers requires trade-offs. Companies face risks from mobile phones, leaking computer networks, and espionage that expose the site to security risks. Because of such risks, miners tend be subject to disciplinary regimes. It is common to test alcohol and drug levels. There was some resistance from workers, who refused to change to saliva testing from urine testing (Latimer). Contesting these machines places the medium, in a different sense, at the centre of regulation of the workers’ bodies. In Northparkes, the solution of hybrid autonomous and remote operation is also a solution for modulating labour. It is safer and more comfortable, while also being more efficient, as one experienced driver can control three trucks at a time. This more complex mode of mediation is necessary because underground mines are more complex in geology, and working environments to suit full autonomy. These variations provide different relationships between operators and machines. The operator uses a games controller, and watches four video views from the cabin to make the vehicle fill the bucket with ore (Northparkes Mines, 9). Again, media have become a pivotal element in the mining assemblage. This combines the safety and comfort of autonomous operation (helping to retain staff) with the required use of human sensorimotor dexterity. Mine systems deserve attention from media studies because sites are combining large scale physical complexity with increasingly sophisticated computing. The conventional pictures of mining and media rarely address the specificity of subjective and artefactual encounters in and around mine sites. Any research on mining communication is typically within the instrumental frames of engineering (Duff et al.). Some of the developments in mechanical systems have contributed to efficiency and safety of many mines: larger trucks, more rock crushers, and so on. However, the single most powerful influence on mining has been adopting digital media to control, integrate and mining systems. Rio Tinto’s transformative agenda document is outlined in its high profile ‘Mine of the Future’ agenda (US Federal News Service). The media to which I refer are not only those in popular culture, but also those with digital control and communications systems used internally within mines and supply chains. The global mining industry began adopting digital communication automation (somewhat) systematically only in the 1980s. Mining companies hesitated to adopt digital media because the fundamentals of mining are so risky and bound to standard procedures. Large scale material operations, extracting and processing minerals from under the ground: hardly to be an appropriate space for delicate digital electronics. Mining is also exposed to volatile economic conditions, so investing in anything major can be unattractive. High technology perhaps contradicts an industry ethos of risk-taking and masculinity. Digital media became domesticated, and familiar to a new generation of formally educated engineers for whom databases and algorithms (Manovich) were second nature. Digital systems become simultaneously controllers of objects, and mediators of meanings and relationships. They control movements, and express communications. Computers slide from using meanings to invoking direct actions over objects in the world. Even on an everyday scale, computer operations often control physical processes. Anti-lock Braking Systems regulate a vehicle’s braking pressure to avoid the danger when wheels lock-up. Or another example, is the ATM, which involves both symbolic interactions, and also exchange of physical objects. These operations are examples of the ‘asignifying semiotic’ (Guattari), in which meanings and non-meanings interact. There is no operation essential distinction between media- and non-media digital operations. Which are symbolic, attached or non-consequential is not clear. This trend towards using computation for both meanings and actions has accelerated since 2000. Mines of the Future Beyond a relatively standard set of office and communications software, many fields, including mining, have adopted specialised packages for their domains. In 3D design, it is AutoCAD. In hard sciences, it is custom modelling. In audiovisual production, it may be Apple and Adobe products. Some platforms define their subjectivity, professional identity and practices around these platforms. This platform orientation is apparent in areas of mining, so that applications such as the Gemcom, Rockware, Geological Database and Resource Estimation Modelling from Micromine; geology/mine design software from Runge, Minemap; and mine production data management software from Corvus. However, software is only a small proportion of overall costs in the industry. Agents in mining demand solutions to peculiar problems and requirements. They are bound by their enormous scale; physical risks of environments, explosive and moving elements; need to negotiate constant change, as mining literally takes the ground from under itself; the need to incorporate geological patterns; and the importance of logistics. When digital media are the solution, there can be what is perceived as rapid gains, including greater capacities for surveillance and control. Digital media do not provide more force. Instead, they modulate the direction, speed and timing of activities. It is not a complete solution, because too many uncontrolled elements are at play. Instead, there are moment and situations when the degree of control refigures the work that can be done. Conclusions In this article I have proposed a new conception of media change, by reading digital innovations in mining practices themselves as media changes. This involved developing an initial reading of the operations of mining as digital media. With this approach, the array of media components extends far beyond the conventional ‘mass media’ of newspapers and television. It offers a more molecular media environment which is increasingly heterogeneous. It sometimes involves materiality on a huge scale, and is sometimes apparently virtual. The mining media event can be a semiotic, a signal, a material entity and so on. It can be a command to a human. It can be a measurement of location, a rock formation, a pressure or an explosion. The mining media event, as discussed above, is subject to Manovich’s principles of media, being numerical, variable and automated. In the mining media event, these principles move from the aesthetic to the instrumental and physical domains of the mine site. The role of new media operates at many levels — from the bottom of the mine site to the cruising altitude of the fly-in-fly out aeroplanes — has motivated significant changes in the Australian industry. When digital media and robotics come into play, they do not so much introduce change, but reintroduce similarity. This inversion of media is less about meaning, and more about local mastery. Media modulation extends the kinds of influence that can be exerted by the actors in control. In these situations, the degrees of control, and of resistance, are yet to be seen. Acknowledgments Thanks to Mining IQ for a researcher's pass at Mining Automation and Communication Conference, Perth in August 2012. References Bellamy, D., and L. 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