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Shaluhiyah, Zahroh, Ratih Indraswari, and Aditya Kusumawati. "Factors Influence on Dietary Intake and Practices of Adolescent Girls Aged 15-19 in Rural Area Central Java." Amerta Nutrition 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v5i2.2021.105-114.
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Background: Dietary habits formed during adolescence have been shown to track into adulthood. Establishing healthy eating behaviours among adolescents, therefore, has both short- and long-term health benefits..Objectives: This study aims to identify dietary habits among adolescent girls aged 15-19 in rural area and its influence factorsMethod: This is a quantitative study with cross-sectional approach, involved 93 adolescent girls aged 15-19 in Jatipurwo village who were selected randomly. Data was collected by enumerators using structure questionnaires that has been validated in other village before. Univariate, bivariate using Chi-Square and multivariate (logistic regression) were employed to analyze data.Results: The eating behavior of adolescent girls were categorized as unhealthy and unbalanced diet. It was shown with insufficient level of energy including low adequacy of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The average height of adolescents was 155 cm. Most adolescents have LILA less than 23.5cm. As Low socioeconomic family income tends to have eating habits with low nutritional value both in quantity and quality as well as food variations. Lack of food availability at the family level makes teens have poor diet. It is recommended that the need for increased food security at the family level and provide awareness to adolescents about healthy eating.
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Matsumoto, Mai, Yoichi Hatamoto, Ayumi Masumoto, Azusa Sakamoto, and Shinji Ikemoto. "Mothers’ Nutrition Knowledge Is Unlikely to Be Related to Adolescents’ Habitual Nutrient Intake Inadequacy in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Junior High School Students." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092801.
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Dietary habits in adolescence persist into adulthood; thus, it is important to identify the factors that influence adolescent diet and establish a healthy diet. This study aimed to examine the association between mothers’ nutrition knowledge and their children’s nutrient intake inadequacy among Japanese junior high school student–mother dyads. The participants were 288 students and their mothers. Data regarding mothers’ nutrition knowledge were obtained using a validated, self-administered general nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Japanese adults (JGNKQ). Participants were categorised into two groups according to the mothers’ total JGNKQ scores. Adolescents’ dietary habits during the preceding month were assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed using the cut-point method, which showed that 14 nutrients were below “estimated average requirement (EAR)” and five nutrients were outside the range of “tentative dietary goal to prevent lifestyle-related diseases (DG)”. In the habitual daily nutrient intakes and the proportion of nutrient intake inadequacy of the students, no differences were observed according to mother’s nutritional knowledge level. Our findings suggest that mothers’ nutrition knowledge may not be directly associated with adolescents’ nutrient intake among Japanese junior high school student–mother dyads.
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Martinez, Cecilia Herrera, Jorge Daher Nader, Yesica Pazmiño Mera, Rocio Fonseca Tumbaco, and Vicky Narea Morales. "FOOD HABITS AND CULTURE FACTORS IN PREGNANT ADOLESCENTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i2.2020.174.
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Adequate eating habits during the gestation period of pregnant teenagers are of vital importance because this will affect the process of formation of the fetus at birth. If pregnant adolescents have an early pregnancy, the chances of a poor physiological maturity of the fetus are more likely to be executed, which makes it necessary to correctly implement the process of feeding during pregnancy, if possible eliminate all bad habit of feeding. The adolescent should seek the positive contribution of nutrients and food that contribute both to the fetus and the mother energy, which will be useful at birth. It should be noted that multiple studies in adolescent pregnant cultural factor food affects directly proportional to the time of feeding, in cases where the teenager is educated positively on their food is ingested foods balanced diet, eliminating all those foods that contain preservatives chemicals and processed foods that deteriorate the health of the pregnant woman. For the development of this research is to determine through the survey process the habits food and cultural factors of adolescent pregnant according to the sector, as well as also those relating theoretical to provide knowledge of the habits eating in adolescents pregnant, and also determine the nutrition of pregnant adolescents in relation to the gestational age of the patient according to the BMI, and identify the nutrition of pregnant women by developing an educational talk proposal in order to correct bad eating habits.
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Leandro, Carol Góis, Eveline Viana da Silva da Fonseca, Cybelle Rolim de Lim, Mario Eugénio Tchamo, and Wylla Tatiana Ferreira-e-Silva. "Barriers and Enablers That Influence Overweight/Obesity/Obesogenic Behavior in Adolescents From Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 40, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119853926.
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Background: Overweight/obesity during adolescence in lower-middle income countries has become a public health problem with consequences in adulthood. Inadequate dietary habits, poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and parental obesity have been reported. Objective: To describe management of obesity-like food habits and behavior of adolescents from lower-middle income countries with respect to what keeps them using this diet (barriers) and what helps them avoid it (enablers). Methods: Systematic review of the literature related to obesity and food intake of adolescents conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: We classified 11 eligible studies describing the barriers to and enablers of the management of obesity-like food intake and obesity lifestyle. The dual burdens of malnutrition and increased urbanization have been observed. There is preference for processed food, dietary habits, and obesity-like food intake and sedentary behavior. Barriers to managing body weight gain included mostly consumption of fast-food and snack food, less vegetable and fruit intake, skipping meals, and sedentary behavior. Enablers of managing body weight gain included changes in nutritional habits, perception of the consumption of healthy food, physical activity, and engagement in programs to change lifestyle. Conclusion: The globalization of the fast food industry has provided an obesogenic environmental stimulus for adolescents in lower-middle income countries.
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Diethelm, Katharina, Nicole Jankovic, Luis A. Moreno, Inge Huybrechts, Stefaan De Henauw, Tineke De Vriendt, Marcela González-Gross, et al. "Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 3 (September 22, 2011): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001935.
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AbstractObjectiveSince inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are not only linked with the occurrence of obesity in youth but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases in adulthood, the establishment and maintenance of a healthy diet early in life is of great public health importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe and evaluate the food consumption of a well-characterized sample of European adolescents against food-based dietary guidelines for the first time.DesignThe HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, whose main objective was to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years.SettingTen cities in Europe.SubjectsThe initial sample consisted of more than 3000 European adolescents. Among these, 1593 adolescents (54 % female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and food intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software.ResultsFood intake of adolescents in Europe is not optimal compared with the two food-based dietary guidelines, Optimized Mixed Diet and Food Guide Pyramid, examined in this study. Adolescents eat half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and less than two-thirds of the recommended amount of milk (and milk products), but consume much more meat (and meat products), fats and sweets than recommended. However, median total energy intake may be estimated to be nearly in line with the recommendations.ConclusionThe results urge the need to improve the dietary habits of adolescents in order to maintain health in later life.
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Man, Cheong Siew, Ruhaya Salleh, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Azli Baharudin, Poh Bee Koon, and Tahir Aris. "Dietary Patterns and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Malaysia: Findings from Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103431.
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Balanced diet in the early stages of life plays a role in optimum growth and maintains good health status of adolescents. Dietary habits that are established during adolescence will sustain till adulthood. Therefore, this present study aims to identify the dietary patterns and to determine factors associated with dietary patterns in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, locality of schools, ethnicity, eating habits, self-perceived weight status, and food label reading habit among adolescents in Malaysia. Data from the Adolescent Nutrition Survey (ANS) 2017 was used for the present study. ANS is a population representative school-based cross-sectional study among school-going adolescents from primary four to secondary five from schools in 13 states and three federal territories registered under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, locality of schools, ethnicity, eating habits, self-perceived weight status, and food label reading habit. A pre-tested face-to-face food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect information on food group intake frequency. Dietary patterns were identified by using exploratory factor analysis and associated factors, using complex sample general linear model (GLM) analysis. All statistical analyses were carried out at 95% confidence interval or p-value < 0.05. The dietary patterns identified are healthy, unhealthy, and alternative proteins. The healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with the types of school and ethnicity. The unhealthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with the locality of schools, ethnicity, frequency of snacks intake per week, frequency of eating out per week, self-perceived weight status, and food label reading habit. Significant associations were found between alternative proteins dietary pattern and locality of schools, ethnicity, and types of school. This study found that there is a disparity of dietary patterns between different ethnicity, locality of schools, and types of school. We recommend strategies of specifying ethnicity and geographical area to improve dietary patterns of adolescents in Malaysia.
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Musaiger, Abdulrahman O. "Food Habits of Mothers and Children in Two Regions of Oman." Nutrition and Health 11, no. 1 (April 1996): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609601100103.
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Several rapid assessment surveys were carried out during the period 1988–1991 to determine the food habit of preschool children, adolescent girls and mothers in Muscat (the capital) and southern region in Oman. Data were collected from health centers, hospitals and households. There have been differences in dietary habits between the people in the two regions. These differences were more evident in breastfeeding practices, meal patterns of adolescent girls and food frequency intake of mothers. Geographical location, occupation of inhabitants, cultural and ethnic factors may be responsible for the variation in dietary habits between the two regions. Several unsound food practices during pregnancy and puerperium were reported in both regions. In general, dietary patterns of mothers and children have changed dramatically during the past two decades. Duration of breastfeeding has declined and infant formula as well as commercial weaning foods were introduced at an early time of infants' lives. The trend of consumption of food for infants, adolescent girls and mothers is in the direction of unhealthier eating habits, as foods rich in fat, cholesterol, refined sugar and salt are commonly consumed. This food pattern may contribute to diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and dental caries. A nutrition education programme to promote a healthy diet and to correct unsound food beliefs and habits is urgently needed.
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Montazerifar, Farzaneh, Mansour Karajibani, and Ali Reza Dashipour. "Evaluation of dietary Intake and Food Patterns of Adolescent Girls in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2012): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i3.98.
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Background: The evidence suggests a relationship between lifestyle and diet-related risk factors.Objective: This study assessed the dietary intake and habits of high school girls in Sistan and Bluchistan province, in southeastern Iran.Methods: In a cross-sectional, descriptive study, 753 high school girls aged 14-18 years old wereenrolled by a clustered random sampling method. Dietary intake and food habits were evaluated by a two-day, 24-hour dietary recall, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Results: The analysis of dietary intakes showed that energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin C and folate intake, compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), were found to be lower. The, infrequent intake of milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and a high consumption of empty calorie foods e.g. salty snacks, sweets, soft drinks and junk foods were seen among adolescents.Conclusions: The adolescent girls had an improper dietary intake and food habits. Thus, the implementation of nutrition education programs in schools and the designing of proper patterns towards healthier food choices could help improve eating behaviors, the health maintenance of adolescents, and also prevent diet- related diseases in adulthood.Key words: Adolescent girls, Dietary intake, Food habits
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Mesías, Marta, Isabel Seiquer, and M. Pilar Navarro. "Is the Mediterranean diet adequate to satisfy zinc requirements during adolescence?" Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 8 (January 5, 2012): 1429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003429.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate Zn utilization and status among a sample of Spanish boys consuming a diet based on Mediterranean patterns.DesignDietary Zn balance was assessed by means of Zn intake in food and Zn output in faeces and urine as measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, biomarkers of Zn status were analysed.SettingProvince of Granada, Spain.SubjectsTwenty healthy male adolescents aged 11–14 years, selected based on medical questionnaire, physical examination and nutritional survey of food habits and lifestyle.ResultsMean Zn intake was 11·36 (se 0·31) mg/d, 76% of the recommended value for Spanish adolescents. Zn absorption (2·53 (se 0·55) mg/d) was close to the value of 3·0 mg/d required for the growth spurt. Zn status biomarkers and growth parameters were within the normal values for this age group.ConclusionsAlthough a diet based on Mediterranean patterns is associated with factors which can affect Zn absorption, such as high consumption of phytate, its consumption in adequate amounts allows Zn status to be maintained during adolescence. Due to the importance of Zn in preventing growth and behavioural disorders among adolescents, long-term intervention trials to investigate the suitability of the Mediterranean diet with respect to Zn requirements at this time of life are needed.
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Ferrer-Cascales, Rosario, Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez, Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo, María Rubio-Aparicio, Ana Laguna-Pérez, and Ana Zaragoza-Martí. "Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Isolated Adolescents: The Mediation Effects of Stress." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121894.
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Loneliness perception during adolescence has been increased dramatically in recent years. Changes in lifestyle and difficulties in social interaction could explain this increased phenomenon. As described in previous research, this fact has been associated with the development of high stress levels and dysfunctional lifestyles, in which eating habits play a main role. In this regard, loneliness has been classically associated with poor eating habits, fundamentally the consumption of processed food with little nutritional value. However, the relationship between loneliness and healthy eating patterns, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), has not been previously analyzed. The main aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between perceived loneliness, stress, dietary habits, and adherence to the MD in a sample of 527 Spanish adolescents. The obtained results show a significant association between high perceived loneliness and high stress levels with lower MD adherence. Hence, adolescents with high perceived loneliness exhibit poor dietary habits in comparison to those counterparts with low perceived loneliness. Mediation analyses demonstrated an indirect effect of the loneliness on adherence to the MD through the mediation effect of stress. These findings point out a possible mechanism that underlies the classic association between loneliness and health deterioration, based on a poor adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, such as the MD.
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Malczyk, Ewa, Marzena Zołoteńka-Synowiec, Beata Całyniuk, Marta Misiarz, and Joanna Rybak. "Assessment of the nutritional habits of junior high school students from the Kłomnice district in relation to obesity/ Ocena nawyków żywieniowych młodzieży gimnazjalnej z gminy Kłomnice w aspekcie występowania otyłości." HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5037.
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Background: Puberty is a time when many changes occur in the body of a young person. It is also the time when nutritional habits are developed or modified. Healthy dietary choices are of particular importance for normal development during adolescence and are also predictive of future health. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional habits of junior high school students from the Kłomnice district with a focus on obesity. Material and methods: The study was carried out using 280 randomly selected secondary school students attending schools in Kłomnice, Częstochowa in the Silesian province. The research was carried out using a questionnaire comprising questions about gender, age, weight and height of the body and nutritional habits. Results: The nutritional habits of high school students from the Kłomnice district were evaluated to be low. Girls more frequently than boys had developed improper eating habits. Irregularities in the diet of the surveyed high school children are: incorrect number of meals a day, irregular food consumption, snacking between meals, adding too much sugar to hot beverages, infrequent consumption of milk and dairy products, coarse grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes and a high frequency of meat and sweets consumption. The nutritional habits of junior high school students from Kłomnice were at a sufficient level. Girls more often than the boys showed improper eating habits. Irregularities in the diet of the students in the study were: improper amount of food consumed during the day, irregular food consumption, snacking between meals, adding too much sugar to hot beverages, infrequent consumption of milk and dairy products, coarse grains, fish, vegetables, fruits and legumes and a high frequency of meat and sweets consumption. Conclusions: It is recommended that continuous nutritional education of children and adolescents is implemented in order to improve diet and thereby reduce the risk of obesity in the future.
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Thakur, Jyotsna, and Sameet Masand. "AN INSIGHT INTO AYURVEDA DIETETICS TO FIGHT THE IMPACT OF ABNORMAL DIETARY HABITS ON MENSTRUAL HEALTH: A CRITICAL REVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 4 (August 28, 2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1204115.
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Menstrual health is fundamental to women’s sexual and reproductive health. Diet constitutes the life of living beings and influences the human lifestyle as well as individual quality of life. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role during adolescence for normal functioning of reproductive potential and significantly affect menstrual functioning in young women. In today’s era, over consumption of high calorie dense food popularly called as junk food, disordered eating habits, meal skipping are major causes of menstrual disorders which are on increasing trend amongst teenagers. These abnormal eating habits have carved up the developing nations and posing great threat to human health. Only way to cope up with this nutritional pandemic is to focus on Ayurveda dietetics which not only emphasizes on nutritional value of food but even places greater emphasis on type of food, quantity, digestive capacity, dietary customs, habitat, food processing, meal intake timings etc. for the promotion of positive health and prevention and management of wide range of ailments. It is imperative to reinvigorate the ancient science of dietetics to obtain its prime benefits for mankind. Knowledge emphasizing about the eating habits, nutritional diet, disadvantages of unhealthy foods, their impact and preventive measures should be given to create awareness and render health education for a change towards healthy eating practices. Therefore, this review summarizes the ancient and current scientific evidence on association between dietary habits and reproductive potential as well as preventive management approach through Ayurveda.
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Drewnowski, Adam. "Plenary Lecture." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 2 (May 2000): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000264.
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Taste preferences, food choices and eating habits all change with age. The transition from childhood to adolescence and adult life is associated with reduced sweet taste preferences, lower sugars consumption and reduced energy density of the diet. Ageing is associated with elevated acceptance of bitter tastes, elevated preferences for vegetables and salad greens, and increased consumption of whole grains, vegetables and fruit. The age-associated drop in energy intakes is achieved through a reduction in the weight and volume of food consumed, as well as a reduction in the overall energy density of the diet. Energy density drops from a peak of 5 kJ (1.2 kcal)/g in adolescence and early adult life to a low of 3.1 kJ (0.75 kcal)/g for adult women aged 45–54 years. Older adults, particularly women, consume less fat and saturated fat and more fibre and vitamin C, suggesting a shift in consumption from snacks, sweets and desserts towards grains, vegetables and fruit. These changes in food preferences and eating habits are associated, on a population level, with a decline in preferences for sweet taste and with increased acceptance of bitter tastes. At present there are no data to show a causal relationship between age-related changes in sensory function and the selection of a more bulky energy-dilute diet. However, it is a plausible hypothesis that sensory factors mediate adjustments in energy density of foods at different life stages.
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Brettschneider, Anna-Kristin, Clarissa Lage Barbosa, Marjolein Haftenberger, Franziska Lehmann, and Gert BM Mensink. "Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 6 (January 11, 2021): 1216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898002100001x.
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AbstractObjective:Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence.Design:Within the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents’ (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional ‘Eating Study as a KiGGS Module’ (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour.Setting:Germany.Participants:1353 adolescents aged 12–17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews.Results:The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES.Conclusions:The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.
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Rampalli, Krystal, Christine Blake, Edward Frongillo, Kenneth Erickson, and Amos Laar. "Perspectives of Urban Ghanaian Adolescents on Healthy Eating Habits." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab043_016.
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Abstract Objectives Adolescents are vulnerable to diet-related health risks as they experience major life changes alongside food environment changes. In Ghana, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising, and there is a need to understand what, how and why adolescents eat the way they do. This study explored perspectives of adolescents about healthy and unhealthy eating and relationships to portion sizes. Methods The Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for NCDs (MEALS4NCDs) Project is measuring the nature and extent of unhealthy food marketing to support public sector actions to create healthier food environments for Ghanaian children. In July-August 2020, 48 interviews with students (14–17 years old) in six districts across the Greater Accra Region were conducted in schools. Interviews were done in English, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded with NVivo12 using a thematic analysis. Results All students demonstrated basic nutrition knowledge and conceptualized healthy eating as “not eating too much”, “a balanced diet,” “not eating late,” and “not eating cold foods.” Connections between NCDs and consumption of foods high in fat, sugar, and salt were rarely made. All students consumed items contrary to what was described as a healthy diet. Students expressed food safety as indicative of healthy food, emphasizing food prepared in a “hygienic environment by a hygienic person,” “a hot temperature,” and “covered.” Participants did not understand portion sizes beyond “too much of anything is bad” and most stated contexts where they would consume smaller or larger portion sizes, such as around strangers (less) or unsure of next meal (more). Participants admitted that peer pressure and food advertising claims informed their food choices and showed minimal knowledge of marketing tactics. Students voiced their limited agency in food choice decisions, citing financial and cultural constraints. Conclusions Students had some nutrition knowledge but limited agency to apply it in daily food choices. Interventions should include educating students and parents on diet-related NCDs and deceptive marketing tactics that promote unhealthy foods. Funding Sources International Development Research Centre's Food, Environment & Health Programme, IDRC-Canada. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina.
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Amgain, Kapil, and Sujana Neupane. "Effects of Food Habits on Menstrual Cycle among Adolescent Girls." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.35.
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Background: Menstruation, a normal physiological process in a woman’s body is affected by dietary habit and it can arise different menstrual disorders. The aim of this study is to find out the menstrual health status of young females and their association with their food habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing students of Maharajgunj Nursing Campus from March 2019 to September 2019.. Pretested and the semistructured questionnaire were used to collect the data regarding menstrual history, dietary habits, fast food intake, and food skipping behavior. HEAT (Healthy Eating Assessment Tool) Score was used to assess the food habit and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of dysmenorrhea. Result: Data was collected among 140 students. The mean age was 24.56±2.65 years. The study showed that 87.9% had problems, and 80.7% have dysmenorrhea. The occurrence of the menstrual problems was more in the participants who were having a non-vegetarian diet than in a vegetarian diet which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Similarly, 68.6% of the participants eat fast food and 91.6 % of them have menstrual problems. Meal skipping habit was found to significantly associated with the menstrual problems (P=0.03). Similarly, 105 (75%) of the participants had good food eating habits, and 32 (22.9%) of the participants had poor eating habits. The poor eating habit was significantly associated with menstrual problems. The intensity of dysmenorrhea was more in the participant having a nonvegetarian diet. Further, the pain was more severe among the participants who consume tea and coffee more frequently. Conclusion: The menstrual problems were the alarming problems in the adolescent college going girls of Kathmandu Valley. Excessive intake of junk/fast food, alcohol, and tea/coffee had a significant association with menstrual problems.
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Rouche, Manon, Bart de Clercq, Thérésa Lebacq, Maxim Dierckens, Nathalie Moreau, Lucille Desbouys, Isabelle Godin, and Katia Castetbon. "Socioeconomic Disparities in Diet Vary According to Migration Status among Adolescents in Belgium." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040812.
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Little information concerning social disparities in adolescent dietary habits is currently available, especially regarding migration status. The aim of the present study was to estimate socioeconomic disparities in dietary habits of school adolescents from different migration backgrounds. In the 2014 cross-sectional “Health Behavior in School-Aged Children” survey in Belgium, food consumption was estimated using a self-administrated short food frequency questionnaire. In total, 19,172 school adolescents aged 10–19 years were included in analyses. Multilevel multiple binary and multinomial logistic regressions were performed, stratified by migration status (natives, 2nd- and 1st-generation immigrants). Overall, immigrants more frequently consumed both healthy and unhealthy foods. Indeed, 32.4% of 1st-generation immigrants, 26.5% of 2nd-generation immigrants, and 16.7% of natives consumed fish ≥two days a week. Compared to those having a high family affluence scale (FAS), adolescents with a low FAS were more likely to consume chips and fries ≥once a day (vs. <once a day: Natives aRRR = 1.39 (95%CI: 1.12–1.73); NS in immigrants). Immigrants at schools in Flanders were less likely than those in Brussels to consume sugar-sweetened beverages 2–6 days a week (vs. ≤once a week: Natives aRRR = 1.86 (95%CI: 1.32–2.62); 2nd-generation immigrants aRRR = 1.52 (1.11–2.09); NS in 1st-generation immigrants). The migration gradient observed here underlines a process of acculturation. Narrower socioeconomic disparities in immigrant dietary habits compared with natives suggest that such habits are primarily defined by culture of origin. Nutrition interventions should thus include cultural components of dietary habits.
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Bayol, Stéphanie A., Bigboy H. Simbi, Robert C. Fowkes, and Neil C. Stickland. "A Maternal “Junk Food” Diet in Pregnancy and Lactation Promotes Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rat Offspring." Endocrinology 151, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1192.
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With rising obesity rates, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is predicted to become the main cause of chronic liver disease in the next decades. Rising obesity prevalence is attributed to changes in dietary habits with increased consumption of palatable junk foods, but maternal malnutrition also contributes to obesity in progeny. This study examines whether a maternal junk food diet predisposes offspring to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The 144 rat offspring were fed either a balanced chow diet alone or with palatable junk foods rich in energy, fat, sugar, and/or salt during gestation, lactation, and/or after weaning up to the end of adolescence. Offspring fed junk food throughout the study exhibited exacerbated hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and oxidative stress response compared with offspring given free access to junk food after weaning only. These offspring also displayed sex differences in their hepatic molecular metabolic adaptation to diet-induced obesity with increased expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity, de novo lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, and antiinflammatory properties in males, whereas the gene expression profile in females was indicative of hepatic insulin resistance. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were not detected indicating that offspring had not developed severe steatohepatitis by the end of adolescence. Hepatic steatosis and increased oxidative stress response also occurred in offspring born to junk food-fed mothers switched to a balanced chow diet from weaning, highlighting a degree of irreversibility. This study shows that a maternal junk food diet in pregnancy and lactation contributes to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring.
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Djordjevic-Nikic, Marina, Milivoj Dopsaj, and Ana Veskovic. "Nutritional and physical activity behaviours and habits in adolescent population of Belgrade." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 6 (2013): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1306548d.
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Background/Aim. Proper nutrition and regular physical activity are essential parts of a adolescent's overall health. The aim of this research was to evaluated eating and physical activity behaviours and habits, nutritional and food knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy related to diet and health of the adolescents of the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Methods. A dietary questionnaire previously constructed and tested in adolescent population from Italy was self-administrated. We evaluated eating habits, physical activity, meaning of healthy and unhealthy dietary habits and food, self-efficacy, barriers affecting food choices, nutritional and food safety, and body mass index (BMI) of the adolescents. The sample included 707 adolescents, the mean age of 15,8 ? 2 years enrolled in the first grade at several high schools in Belgrade. Results. Only 27% of the adolescents had satisfactory eating habits; 31% have a very active lifestyle; 7% good nutritional knowledge and 6- 12% satisfactory food safety knowledge and hygiene practices. Conclusion. Significant deviations from recommendations for healthy lifestyle was noted in adolescents? habits, knowledge and practice. It is therefore necessary to develop and organize programs for promotion of healthy behaviours adapted to the adolescents? needs.
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Landge, Jyoti A., and Gajanan D. Khadkikar. "Lifestyle and nutritional status of late adolescent in an urban area of Western Maharashtra: cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203373.
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Background: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing among adolescent age. One of the reasons is change in lifestyle and behavior practices. Adolescent population and health of adolescents have a special concern. In late adolescence there is transition from school to college or university. This transition to college life often worsens lifestyle and dietary habits among late adolescents. Present study was carried out to assess lifestyle and nutritional status of late adolescent.Methods: A cross sectional study were carried out involving 140 late adolescent students of 17-19 years after obtaining permission from college principle using preformed questionnaire. Subsequently anthropometric measurements like weight in kg and height in meters, waist and hip circumference in centimetre were measured using standard assessment measures.Results: Out of 140 students 51 (36.4%) were boys and 89 (63.6%) were girls. Mean age of the students was 18.13±0.79 years. Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 49 (35%) and 29 (20.7%) respectively. No significant difference in BMI for boys and girls. Waist circumference and waist hip ratio was more in girls compared with boys. More than half 53.6% had mixed diet pattern. Among study participants 55.7% have green leafy vegetables in their diet and 62.8% have fruit in their diet. Most frequent unhealthy diet practice was intake of junk food 85% followed by fast food.Conclusions: High prevalence of obesity and overweight in late adolescent indicate an urge to start primordial and primary intervention since childhood.
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Pich, Jordi, Lluís Ballester, Mònica Thomàs, Ramon Canals, and Josep A. Tur. "Assimilating and following through with nutritional recommendations by adolescents." Health Education Journal 70, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896910379695.
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Objective: To investigate the relationship between knowledge about a healthy diet and the actual food consumption habits of adolescents. Design: A survey of several food-related aspects applied to a representative sample of adolescents. Setting: One thousand, six hundred and sixty three individuals aged 11 to 18 from 40 schools randomly selected from among all the schools in the Balearic Islands. Method: The survey was administered under the supervision of a researcher during the school day. The adolescents were asked about proper eating habits and invited to classify 43 food items as healthy or not healthy. The subjects later reported the frequency with which they consumed these foods, as well as the types of products they consumed between meals. Results: The adolescents in the sample considered the abundant consumption of vegetables, fish and fruit to be the key to a healthy diet and, as of 15 years of age, recognized the need for a balanced, varied diet. They also correctly identified all the healthy foods, whereas typical fast food items, sweets and alcoholic drinks received highly negative ratings. However, only the girls’ lower consumption of unhealthier products was consistent with this knowledge. The consumption of foods such as vegetables and fish by the older subjects even declined, despite their higher dietary ratings. Three-quarters of the subjects also reported that they customarily snack on calorie-rich food with scant nutritional value. Conclusion: While dietary ratings are consistent and seem to be reinforced by the constant messages in favour of the Mediterranean diet aimed at adults, the minimum impact of this knowledge on the subjects’ habits observed in the study poses the need to seek new communicative strategies that are not exclusively based on providing adolescents with more information on proper diet.
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Schneider, Bruna Celestino, Samuel Carvalho Dumith, Silvana Paiva Orlandi, and Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção. "Diet and body fat in adolescence and early adulthood: a systematic review of longitudinal studies." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 22, no. 5 (May 2017): 1539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017225.13972015.
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Abstract Adipose tissue is a vital component of the human body, but in excess, it represents a risk to health. According to the World Health Organization, one of the main factors determining excessive body adiposity is the dietary habit. This systematic review investigated longitudinal studies that assessed the association between diet and body fat in adolescents and young adults. Twenty-one relevant papers published between 2001 and 2015 were selected. The most used method for estimating body fat was the body mass index (15 studies). Diet was most commonly assessed by estimating the consumption of food groups (cereals, milk and dairy products) and specific foods (sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, fast foods, milk, etc.). Ten studies found a direct association between diet and quantity of body fat. During adolescence, adhering to a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of energy-dense food, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and soft drinks, as well as low fiber intake, appears to contribute to an increase in body fat in early adulthood. The findings of the present study suggest that the frequent consumption of unhealthy foods and food groups (higher energy density and lower nutrient content) in adolescence is associated with higher quantity of body fat in early adulthood.
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George, Lucy. "Dietary Behaviours among Adolescent Girls in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 06, no. 03 (January 29, 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202011.
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Background: Adolescence is a time of rapid transition and complex experiences with society, defining the capacity of a person to reach adult life. Diet plays a crucial role in overall development of the child precisely female child as they will become the future mothers. The study objective is to assess the dietary pattern of the school adolescents in various region of the district. Methods: 869 school going adolescents 10-18 years from 20 schools in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala participated in this study and was distributed a questionnaire exploring the dietary habits using food frequency questionnaire along with socio demographic details. Result: Altogether, penurious diet patterns were observed, 64.6% were habituated to skip one meal in a day, 86.7% consumed junk food, 35.5% adolescents skipping breakfast, consumption of Green leafy vegetables was diminished, nearly two third of adolescents did not consumed any fruit once in a day. Most of the respondents depended on rice with one or two vegetables. Conclusion: Lack of variety food intake in adolescents may vary due to numerous factors like availability, socio-economic status, parent education, accessibility .Dietary diversity score and dietary assessment needs to be calculated and there is a need of in depth study of nutrient consumption.
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Bettinelli, Maria Enrica, Elena Bezze, Laura Morasca, Laura Plevani, Gabriele Sorrentino, Daniela Morniroli, Maria Lorella Giannì, and Fabio Mosca. "Knowledge of Health Professionals Regarding Vegetarian Diets from Pregnancy to Adolescence: An Observational Study." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051149.
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The number of people adopting vegetarian diets is constantly increasing, and many among them are young parents who decide to share their diet with their children. The aim of this study was to investigate health professionals’ knowledge regarding the adoption of vegetarian diets from pregnancy to adolescence. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The administered questionnaire, which was based on the recommendations of the most up-to-date guidelines, included two macro areas: The first investigated the sociodemographic and professional profile of the interviewees and the second addressed the knowledge of the participants regarding vegetarian diets. A total of 418 health professionals in Italy were interviewed, of whom 65.8% were nursing staff. Among the participants, 79.9% had not attended a nutrition course in the previous five years. A correct definition of a vegetarian/vegan diet was provided by 34.1% of the participants. The answers regarding knowledge of nutrients were correct in 20% of cases, whereas correct answers to questions assessing knowledge of the risk and benefits of a vegetarian diet and the adoption of a vegetarian diet throughout the life cycle were given by 45% and 39.4% of the participants, respectively. A significant correlation between the items of the second macro area that investigated the knowledge and dietary habits of the participants was found for seven items. The results of the study indicate that health professionals do not have complete and exhaustive knowledge about vegetarian diets and lack information on health outcomes and the adoption of a vegetarian diet throughout the different life cycles and nutrients. Improving pre- and in-service learning opportunities in vegetarian nutrition for health professionals is strongly advisable.
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Kim, Hyun-Suk, Su-Jin Jung, Eun-Gyung Mun, Myung-Sunny Kim, Soo-Muk Cho, and Youn-Soo Cha. "Effects of a Rice-Based Diet in Korean Adolescents Who Habitually Skip Breakfast: A Randomized, Parallel Group Clinical Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030853.
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During adolescence, healthy eating habits are important, and regular meal intake has an especially positive effect on future health. However, the rate of skipping breakfast has gradually increased. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the positive effects of a rice-based breakfast in Korean adolescents who usually skip breakfast. In this open parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 105 middle and high school students aged 12–18 years who habitually skipped breakfast were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups: the rice meal group (RMG, n = 35), wheat meal group (WMG, n = 35), and general meal group (GMG, n = 35). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and wheat-based breakfast, respectively, for 12 weeks. After a 12-week intervention, the body fat mass (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05) in the RMG were significantly lower than those in the other two groups, and the stress score was also significantly lower in the RMG (p < 0.05). Moreover, after the intervention, in the RMG only, compared to baseline levels, the relative theta (RT) wave activity significantly decreased in eight electrode sites, and the relative alpha (RA) wave activity increased significantly. Eating a rice-based breakfast has positive effects on body fat accumulation and cognitive function in Korean adolescents. Furthermore, a rice-based breakfast plan that is preferred by adolescents should be developed to assist them in developing healthy eating habits.
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Larsson, Christel L., Kristin S. Klock, Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, Ola Haugejorden, and Gunnar Johansson. "Food habits of young Swedish and Norwegian vegetarians and omnivores." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 5 (October 2001): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001167.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of vegetarianism and compare food habits among vegetarian and omnivorous adolescents in Sweden and Norway.Design:Cross-sectional study by questionnaire in Sweden and Norway to gather information about food habits.Setting:The municipalities of Umeå and Stockholm in Sweden, and Bergen in Norway.Subjects:In total 2041 ninth-grade students (578 from Umeå, 504 from Stockholm and 959 from Bergen), mean age 15.5 years, were included. The response rate was 95% in Umeå, 91% in Stockholm and 83% in Bergen.Results:There was a significantly higher prevalence of vegetarianism in Umeå (15.6%) than in Stockholm (4.8%) and Bergen (3.8%). Vegetarians generally wanted more information about a healthy diet and vegetarian females ate dietary supplements to prevent deficiencies more often than omnivorous females (P < 0.01). The young male vegetarians more or less excluded animal products from their diet without changing their food frequency intake or modifying their dietary habits in other respects, while the young female vegetarians more often consumed vegetables and dietary supplements (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the intake of fruits/berries, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, sweets/chocolates and fast foods by vegetarians compared with omnivores.Conclusions:There were three to four times more vegetarians in Umeå than in Stockholm and Bergen. The food habits of the young vegetarians differed from those of omnivorous adolescents and also in some respects from previously published comparative studies of vegetarians' and omnivores' food habits. It is uncertain whether the health benefits shown in previous studies on vegetarianism will be experienced by this young generation of vegetarians.
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Radhika, B., H. N. Vrushabhendra, R. Surendar, and S. Arthi. "Association of diet and physical activity with BMI among dental students in Puducherry." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183071.
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Background: Adolescence is the age where the influence of marketing world is high and choice of right food and exercise becomes hurdled. The World Health Organization alarm on increasing NCDs among adolescents ratifies the need for appropriate intervention at this age group. The objective of the study was to find out the association between diet and physical activity with body mass index (BMI) among dental students in Puducherry.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2016 among 85 dental students of Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Puducherry. A self administered semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information about diet and physical activity. Height and weight were measured for all participants to compute BMI.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 19.32 ± 0.6 yrs. Majority of them were females (76.5%). About 33% of students had normal BMI. Junk food consumption was 91.8% and 65% had habit of skipping meals. Only 38% of the students were doing regular physical activity. A significant association between calorie and protein intake with BMI categories viz: underweight, normal, overweight and obesity was observed (p<0.001). There was a significant association (OR=18.4, 95%CI-6.1, 54.6) between excess calorie intake and BMI but not between physical activity and BMI (OR=1.2, 95% CI-0.5, 3).Conclusions: Improper dietary habits including high calorie/protein intake was associated with increased BMI among the dental students. The role of regular physical activity alone as a single factor influencing variations in BMI among the students could not be established in the study.
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Carrasco-Luna, Joaquín, Marie Gombert, Álvaro Carrasco-García, and Pilar Codoñer-Franch. "Adolescent Feeding: Nutritional Risk Factors." Journal of Child Science 08, no. 01 (January 2018): e99-e105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669436.
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AbstractThe aim of this review is to describe adolescent nutritional requirements from a scientific, nutritional, and psychosocial point of view, emphasizing the main risks of malnutrition at this age. Currently, too many teenagers are alone at home and prepare their own meals. The influence of friends replaces parental rules. The habits of adolescents are characterized by a tendency to skip meals, especially breakfast, and, less frequently, the midday meal; to purchase carry-out meals away from home; to consume snacks, especially sweets; to eat at fast food restaurants, almost always with high-calorie content; and to eat fried foods, soft drinks, and sweets. Toxic habits, such as smoking, alcohol, and drugs, interfere with a healthy diet, as well. Physical activity usually decreases during adolescence, particularly in girls. The lack of physical activity is due to a precarious knowledge of the benefits associated with practicing physical activity, low motivation, time constraints, and, in many cases, the lack of adequate facilities. Adolescents interested in a body image in accordance with modern ideals follow restrictive and unbalanced diets without any nutritional basis, which they themselves planned. These behaviors increase the risk of nutritional alterations, such as noncompliance with nutritional requirements, meal pattern irregularities, nutritional problems due to low nutrient intake, and self-esteem issues and frustration. In general, in this age group, there is an increase in protein consumption and salt content, often with a supply of unbalanced nutrients, high-fat diets (35–50% of total calories), and low polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio. In addition, adolescents consume a low level of complex carbohydrates, fiber, fruits, and vegetables.
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VanKim, Nicole A., Heather L. Corliss, Hee-Jin Jun, Jerel P. Calzo, Manar AlAwadhi, and S. Bryn Austin. "Gender Expression and Sexual Orientation Differences in Diet Quality and Eating Habits from Adolescence to Young Adulthood." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 119, no. 12 (December 2019): 2028–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.014.
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Ping, Li. "Guiding children towards healthy dietary habits based on nutrition education." E3S Web of Conferences 189 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018902002.
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Cultivation and development of children’s healthy diet behaviors is one the major purposes of children’s education, and meanwhile it will have far-reaching impact on the behaviors of behaviors. Healthy diet behaviors of children refer to rational selection and intake of food so that the children can ensure enough intake of nutrition that can meet the needs for metabolism and growth. Thus, it is of vital importance to develop healthy diet habits of children. This study interprets the physical qualities of adolescents, analyzes the guiding role and value of nutrition education on the children’s healthy diet behaviors, and explores how to give full play to the role of nutrition education to children’s healthy diet behaviors.
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Nkosi, Vusumuzi, Funzani Rathogwa-Takalani, and Kuku Voyi. "The Frequency of Fast Food Consumption in Relation to Wheeze and Asthma Among Adolescents in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061994.
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The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases have been on the rise, especially in developing countries due to life-style changes. The study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of fast food consumption with wheeze and asthma among adolescents. A previously validated self-completed questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was used to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic status, house characteristics, adolescent respiratory health and diet. The prevalence of wheeze was 38.2% and of asthma was 16.37% among the adolescents. The results from the adjusted regression analyses indicated that eating fast foods three or more times per week was a statistically significant risk factor for wheeze (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.26–2.03) and asthma (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.91). The study found an association between eating fast foods three or more times per week and wheeze and asthma among adolescents in South Africa. Unhealthy diet plays a crucial role in respiratory health among adolescents; healthy eating habits are encouraged to reduce the burden of respiratory symptoms and diseases.
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Galluccio, Angelo, Giovanna Caparello, Ennio Avolio, Emanuele Manes, Simona Ferraro, Cinzia Giordano, Diego Sisci, and Daniela Bonofiglio. "Self-Perceived Physical Activity and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Healthy Adolescents during COVID-19: Findings from the DIMENU Pilot Study." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060622.
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The global pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions which forced adolescents to stay at home and influenced their food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to investigate the self-reported physical activity (PA) and eating habits related to the consumption of Mediterranean foods in a sample of adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown enrolled into the DIMENU study. A web survey was launched for 91 adolescents (aged 15–17 years) to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean Diet using the KIDMED test and lifestyle habits using a questionnaire designed following recommendations by Italian National Institute of Health (ISS score). Our results indicate that most of the sample declared no changes in eating habits and PA without sex differences. After dividing the sample into active and sedentary groups based on the self-perceived PA, we found that KIDMED and ISS scores were significantly higher (p = 0.0028 and p = 0.0001, respectively) in active adolescents. Moreover, KIDMED was positively correlated with ISS only in active adolescents (r = 0.311, p = 0.0185). In conclusion, our data underline the impact of the PA on the Mediterranean diet adherence in adolescents during the lockdown, suggesting the usefulness of promoting wellness programs directed towards inactive individuals to increase their awareness on the importance of healthy lifestyles.
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Bjelajac, Željko, Aleksandar Filipović, and Božidar Banović. "Instruments of support in promotion of healthy food and food safety culture." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 68, no. 1 (2021): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2101241b.
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Food is imperative for biological survival. It is a necessity and a source of health and vitality if taken with the awareness of all the correlations between food and health and development. This paper aims to research the correlation between food, health, and longevity, and the factors in the chain of food safety and healthy food and diet to determine their role and significance and offer recommendations based on results and conclusions. Since children and adolescents are more likely to be affected by an unhealthy diet in the long term, their dietary habits were also researched. The paper identified the elements of importance for this problem - individuals, family, education system, media, food producers, state and international organizations. After analysis of the roles of all the elements and stakeholders in the chain of food safety and healthy diet, recommendations for each link in that chain were given.
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Cuadrado-Soto, Esther, Ana M. López-Sobaler, Ana Isabel Jiménez-Ortega, Laura M. Bermejo, Aránzazu Aparicio, and Rosa M. Ortega. "Breakfast Habits of a Representative Sample of the Spanish Child and Adolescent Population (The ENALIA Study): Association with Diet Quality." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123772.
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The association between breakfast quality and total diet quality of children and adolescents ((1–17.9 years (n = 1570)) from the National Dietary Survey on the Child and Adolescent Population in Spain (ENALIA) was analyzed. Dietary information was collected using two non–consecutive one–day food diaries (1–10 years old) or two 24 h dietary recalls (>10 years). Breakfast quality index (BQI) and a variant of Nutrient Rich Foods index (NRF9.3) were calculated to assess the total diet quality. Children and adolescents who had breakfast on at least one day (n = 1561) were divided into two groups according to BQI: Worse Quality Breakfast (WQB) (BQI < 4 points (P66), n = 781) and Good Quality Breakfast (GQB) (BQI ≥ 4, n = 780). Younger children and those whose parents have university education presented higher BQI. GQB group had significantly higher intakes of micronutrients (vitamins A, D, C, B1, B2, B6, niacin, folate, calcium, potassium, magnesium). Fewer GQB children exceeded the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat and had folate and calcium intakes below their estimated average requirement. Daily NRF9.3 was 496.2 ± 54.0, being higher in GQB (503.8 ± 50.6 vs. 488.6 ± 56.2, p < 0.001). Increasing the quality of breakfast increased the possibility of having a NRF9.3 higher than P50 (OR: 1.893, CI: 1.549–2.315, p < 0.0001). Breakfasts have room for quality improvement in a high percentage of children. A higher quality breakfast is associated with a benefit in the quality of the total diet.
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Pérez Alonso-Geta, Petra María, and M. Carmen Bellver Moreno. "Hygiene and Eating Healthy Habits and Practices in Spanish Families with Children Aged 6 to 14." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 8671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228671.
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During childhood and pre-adolescence, the family environment is key to initiating and consolidating healthy styles in children through a balanced diet and basic hygiene habits. This study analyses hygiene, nutrition and health practices in Spanish families with children between 6 and 14 years of age according to the type of family (nuclear, single-parent or reconstituted) and the quantity, age and gender of the children. A representative Spanish national sample of 1103 Spanish parents, 270 fathers and 833 mothers, with children aged 6 to 14, is analysed. The study is descriptive, using statistical techniques with classic indicators (means, percentages). The results show that nuclear families manifest healthier habits, in general, and consider the consumption of pastries, ultra-processed food and excessive amounts of salt to be harmful. Furthermore, this family typology develops healthy and hygienic habits, such as brushing teeth daily, sleeping at least 8 h a day, drinking a glass of milk a day, eating fish more than once a week and eating fast food sporadically. They are also concerned about their children’s annual medical check-ups (paediatrician and dentist). It is concluded that the family type is related to the hygiene and feeding habits of the children.
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Esquius, Laura, Alicia Aguilar-Martínez, Marina Bosque-Prous, Helena González-Casals, Anna Bach-Faig, Ester Colillas-Malet, Gemma Salvador, and Albert Espelt. "Social Inequalities in Breakfast Consumption among Adolescents in Spain: The DESKcohort Project." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082500.
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Breakfast has a critical role in energy balance and dietary regulation. Consequently, it is considered an important component of a healthy diet, especially in adolescence, when there are great opportunities to consolidate habits and establish future patterns of healthiness in adulthood. Socioeconomic position (SEP) causes inequalities that are reflected in health behaviors, physical activity, mental health, and diet. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019–2020 DESKcohort project (Spain) to explore the relationships between breakfast and sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and school performance of 7319 adolescents. Our findings showed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast every day was 19.4% in girls and 13.7% in boys and was related to students’ SEP. The risk of skipping breakfast was 30% higher in girls from the most disadvantaged SEP, in comparison to those in the most advanced SEP (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.54). Also, boys from the most disadvantaged SEP showed 28% higher risk of skipping breakfast than those in the most advanced SEP (PR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.04–1.59). In conclusion, future public policies should be adapted considering a SEP and gender perspective to avoid increasing nutritional and health inequalities.
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Ruiz-Roso, María Belén, Patricia de Carvalho Padilha, Diana C. Mantilla-Escalante, Natalia Ulloa, Paola Brun, Diofanor Acevedo-Correa, Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres, et al. "Covid-19 Confinement and Changes of Adolescent’s Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061807.
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Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic can influence dietary profiles, especially those of adolescents, who are highly susceptible to acquiring bad eating habits. Adolescents’ poor dietary habits increase their subsequent risk of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. Our aim was to study nutritional modifications during COVID-19 confinement in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, compare them with their usual diet and dietary guidelines, and identify variables that may have influenced changes. Data were collected by an anonymous online questionnaire on food intake among 820 adolescents from Spain, Italy, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. The results show that COVID-19 confinement did influence their dietary habits. In particular, we recorded modified consumption of fried food, sweet food, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Moreover, gender, family members at home, watching TV during mealtime, country of residence, and maternal education were diversely correlated with adequate nutrition during COVID-19 confinement. Understanding the adolescents’ nutrition behavior during COVID-19 lockdown will help public health authorities reshape future policies on their nutritional recommendations, in preparation for future pandemics.
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Burgic-Radmanovic, M., and S. Burgic. "Satisfaction with body image, attitudes and habits relating to nutrition in secondary school students." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71979-4.
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IntroductionIn the adolescence, girls are often preoccupied with body image, express discontent with their figure, body weight and want to lose weight.ObjectiveOur objective was to inquire eating attitudes and habits among female adolescents.MethodSurvey research carried out among female adolescents, age of 16 – 17, in four secondary schools in Banja Luka (economic, medical, agricultural and grammar school). Survey questionnaire EAT-26, modified by author, was used. The response rate was 1301 (90.3%) out of 1441 (total number of pupils in first and second grade of schools).ResultsIn inquired secondary schools 90 girls (6.9%) out of 1301 have body mass index < 18,5 kg/m2. About 26.9% of all respondents, want to be thinner, while 37.3% never want to be thinner, with statically significant difference (df = 834; T = 7.94; p < 0.01).With 46.25% of all respondents with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and 43.6% female students with an optimal BMI said they never eat dietary food with statistically significant difference (V = 73, T = 2.05, < 0.05) compared to girls with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Diet foods are not eaten ever 48.6% of respondents with a statistically significant difference compared to those who do it sometimes (20.5%)DiscussionUnrealistic perception of “body-image” may bring different health-damaging risks. They varied from inadequate dieting attempts to inability of recognizing and preventing overweight.ConclusionIn order to that previously acquired knowledge and positive attitudes about nutrition necessary to introduce this subject within the school curriculum.
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Guevara, Raquel M., José D. Urchaga, Antonio S. Cabaco, and José E. Moral-García. "The Quality of Breakfast and Healthy Diet in School-aged Adolescents and Their Association with BMI, Weight Loss Diets and the Practice of Physical Activity." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082294.
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Dietary habits are an important factor in the protection of adolescent health. The quality and frequency of breakfast and the various food groups can affect the wellbeing of this population group in both the short and long term. Research indicates that there is a range of relevant variables in the study of diet at this stage: following a weight loss diet, body mass index and the practice of physical exercise, amongst others. In this paper, all three variables are analysed, together with others of a demographic nature (sex and age). This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey that was carried out on 1318 adolescents aged 11 to 18. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) international study questionnaire, sponsored by the World Health Organisation, was used. In general terms, the data revealed that the majority of adolescents do not have adequate eating patterns. The quality and frequency of breakfast and the consumption of food types are associated with almost all the variables under study; additionally, there are significant differences by sex and school year. Finally, proposals are made to prevent eating disorders, which are appearing at an increasingly young age.
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Lopez-Gonzalez, Desiree, Armando Partida-Gaytán, Jonathan C. Wells, Pamela Reyes-Delpech, Fatima Avila-Rosano, Marcela Ortiz-Obregon, Frida Gomez-Mendoza, Laura Diaz-Escobar, and Patricia Clark. "Obesogenic Lifestyle and Its Influence on Adiposity in Children and Adolescents, Evidence from Mexico." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030819.
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Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) during childhood/adolescence are major public health problems in Mexico. Several obesogenic lifestyle (OL) risk factors have been identified, but the burden and consequences of them in Mexican children/adolescents remain unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of OL components and describe their relationships with adiposity, and OW/OB. A population-based cross-sectional study of Mexican children/adolescents with nutritional assessment, data collection on daily habits and adiposity as fat-mass index (FMI) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. Individual OL-components: “inactivity,” “excessive screen time,” “insufficient sleep,” “unhealthy-diet”, were defined according to non-adherence to previously published healthy recommendations. Results: 1449 subjects were assessed between March 2015 to April 2018. Sixteen percent of subjects had all four OL-components, 40% had three, 35% had two, 9% had one, and 0.5% had none. A cumulative OL score showed a significant dose–response effect with FMI. The combination of inactivity, excessive screen time, and insufficient sleep showed the highest risk association to OW/OB and higher values of FMI. Conclusions: The prevalence of OL-components was extremely high and associated with increased adiposity and OW/OB. Several interventions are needed to revert this major public health threat.
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Appiah, Prince Kubi, Anang Rhoda Naa Korklu, Duut Abdulai Bonchel, Georgina Agartha Fenu, and Francis Wadga-Mieza Yankey. "Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Intake Habits among Pregnant Adolescents Attending Antenatal Care Clinics in Urban Community in Ghana." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (February 13, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835704.
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Introduction. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is important for the wellbeing of the mother and foetus and supports health during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. However, there are little data on nutritional knowledge and dietary intake among adolescents who are pregnant in Ghana. Hence, the study assessed the nutritional knowledge and eating habits of this vulnerable group in the Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipality, Ghana. Methods. The study was cross-sectional and employed a multistage sampling technique to select 423 participants. The study was conducted between October and November 2019. A statistical software was used to analyse data and employed Pearson’s chi-square and logistics regression to assess associations between the outcome and predictor variables. A p value <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results. Less than half (44.9%) of the pregnant adolescents have high nutritional knowledge. About 19.4% of them have good eating habits, while 23.9%, 18.2%, and 6.4% of them do not take breakfast, lunch, and supper, respectively. However, 15.6%, 13.9%, and 9.2% do take snacks after breakfast, lunch, and supper, respectively. About 55.9%, 59.8%, and 23.0% do not take their breakfast, lunch, and supper on time, respectively. Additionally, only 3.8% of them do take fruits and vegetables daily, while 9.7%, 23.2%, 30.0%, and 26.5% of them do take animal products, energy drinks, carbonated drinks, and legumes/nuts/seeds daily, respectively. The study showed that educational level p = 0.014 , occupation p = 0.016 , ethnicity p = 0.017 , and number of pregnancies p = 0.021 were associated with good eating habits. Conclusion. Eating habit of adolescent pregnant women was not encouraging. Therefore, the municipal health authority with the concerned stakeholders should intensify efforts, including nutritional education to improve good eating habits, such as taking snacks in between meals, eating on time, and balance diet among pregnant adolescents, and to reduce adolescent pregnancy in the municipality.
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Trigueros, Rubén, Luis A. Mínguez, Jerónimo J. González-Bernal, Maha Jahouh, Raul Soto-Camara, and José M. Aguilar-Parra. "Influence of Teaching Style on Physical Education Adolescents’ Motivation and Health-Related Lifestyle." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112594.
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According to various WHO reports in 2018, a large number of adolescents worldwide are either overweight or obese. This situation is the result of not following a healthy and balanced diet, combined with a lack of practice of physical activity. In this sense, Physical Education classes could help to solve the problem. The present study seeks to analyze the relationship between the role of the teacher in relation to the structural dimensions of the PE teaching environment and the basic psychological needs and self-motivation of adolescents as determinants of their behaviors related to eating habits and the practice of physical activity. A total of 1127 secondary school adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 participated in this study. Questionnaires were used: Perceived Autonomy Support Scale, Psychologically Controlling Teaching Scale, Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education, Frustration of Psychological Needs in PE context, Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire, Perceived Locus of Causality Revised, and WHO’s Global school-based student health survey. A structural equations model was elaborated to explain the causal relationships between the variables. The results showed that autonomy support positively predicted the three structural dimensions of PE classes, while, in contrast, they were negatively predicted by psychological control. The three structural dimensions positively predicted the satisfaction of psychological needs and negatively predicted the thwarting of psychological needs. Self-determined motivation was positively predicted by the satisfaction of psychological needs and negatively predicted by the thwarting of psychological needs. Finally, self-determined motivation positively predicted healthy eating habits and the practice of physical activity and negatively predicted unhealthy eating habits. Certainly, the results obtained in this study support the postulates of the self-determination theory, demonstrating the predictability of PE class context towards the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, such as a proper diet and the regular practice of physical activity.
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Iglesias-Gutiérrez, Eduardo, Pablo M. García-Rovés, Carmen Rodríguez, Socorro Braga, Pedro Garcia-Zapico, and Ángeles M. Patterson. "Food Habits and Nutritional Status Assessment of Adolescent Soccer Players. A Necessary and Accurate Approach." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-102.
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The aim of this study was to assess the food habits and nutritional status of high level adolescent soccer players (N = 33; ages 14-16 yrs) living in their home environment. Body composition (height, mass, skinfolds), biochemical and hematological parameters, performance in soccer-specific tests (sprinting, jumping, intermittent endurance), and dietary intake (weighed food intake method) and related behaviors (nutrient supplement use, daily activity profile) were assessed. Daily energy expenditure and energy intake were 12.5 MJ and 12.6 MJ, respectively. Protein (16% of energy intake; 1.9 g/kg of body mass), lipid (38%), and cholesterol (385 mg) intake were above recommendations, while carbohydrates (45%) were below. The food intake of these adolescents was based on cereals and derivates; meat, fish, and eggs; milk and dairy products; biscuits and confectionery; and oil, butter and margarine, which provided 78% of total energy intake, 85% of proteins, 64% of carbohydrates, 90% of lipids, and 47% of fiber. Although diet provided sufficient iron, 48% of individuals showed iron deficiency without anemia. Based on these results, a well designed nutrition intervention would be advisable for optimizing performance, and especially for promoting healthy eating habits in adolescent soccer players. Key words: young athletes; association football; dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, hematological, and functional measures
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Drouillet-Pinard, Peggy, Carine Dubuisson, Isabelle Bordes, Irène Margaritis, Sandrine Lioret, and Jean-Luc Volatier. "Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 5 (November 16, 2016): 870–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002895.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present research aimed to study the multidimensionality of the link between dietary intake and socio-economic position (SEP) in a representative sample of French children and adolescents, using a variety of SEP indicators.DesignData from the second French national food consumption survey (INCA2) were used. Information on food consumption was collected using a 7d food record and SEP data (occupation, education, income, household wealth indices) using questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed separately in children and adolescents to assess the relationships between dietary components (food groups and macronutrients) and each dimension of SEP.SettingThe INCA2 survey, France.SubjectsA representative sample of French children (3–10 years of age; n 574) and adolescents (11–17 years of age; n 881).ResultsCompared with children from a higher SEP, those from a lower SEP had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and confectionery and higher intakes of starchy foods, meat, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and pizzas/sandwiches. Similar results were observed in adolescents for fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and sugar-sweetened beverages. Adolescents also had lower intakes of cakes/pastries and higher intakes of processed meat and dairy desserts. Neither energy nor protein intake was associated with SEP. Adolescents from a lower SEP had higher carbohydrate and lower lipid intakes. Overall, these findings were consistent across the various dimensions of SEP, but the gradient was steeper depending on the caregiver’s educational level.ConclusionsThis research highlights the need for specific messages to help poorly educated families adopt good eating habits.
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da Rocha Leal, Fernanda Maria, Bruno Miguel Paz Mendes de Oliveira, and Sara Simões Rodrigues Pereira. "Relationship between cooking habits and skills and Mediterranean diet in a sample of Portuguese adolescents." Perspectives in Public Health 131, no. 6 (November 2011): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913911419909.
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Aims: To assess the cooking habits and skills of adolescents and its relation to Mediterranean diet adherence. Methods: Adolescents ( N = 390) from the seventh, eighth and ninth grades in a school from a semi-urban region in northern Portugal were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed self-reported cooking habits and skills, for example enjoying and knowing how to cook and wanting to cook and learn more. Answers were taken on a scale from 0 to 5, 0 being ‘no’ and 5 being ‘very much’. Learning sources, cooking frequency, and confidence in cooking ten particular foods were also assessed using the following answers: ‘no, never’, ‘yes, with help from family/friends’, ‘yes, all by myself’. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the KIDMED index. Results: Adolescents who said that they cooked, did so usually between one and four times a month (56.2%). A high proportion of respondents had never cooked vegetables (57%), fish (51%) and soup (49%). Girls were more likely to have cooked foods listed in the questionnaire ( p ≤ .002). Adolescents who did not know how to cook (8.7%) stated that the main reasons were that they had someone to cook for them (47%) and had no interest (35%). Those who knew how to cook mainly stated that they had learnt from their family (87.9%) and by themselves (7.9%). Most of our sample wanted ‘to learn how to cook better’ ( M = 3.8, SD = 1.5), preferably with family/friends (82%) or by taking culinary courses (10%). The KIDMED index was poor for 7.2% of the sample, average for 50.8% and good for 42.1%. Adolescents with higher KIDMED scores were younger ( p = .025), knew how to cook better ( p < .001), cooked more often ( p < .001), enjoyed cooking ( p < .001), would like to cook more frequently ( p < .001), and would like to learn how to cook better ( p < .001). Conclusion: Almost one in every ten adolescents did not know how to cook. Vegetables, fish and soup were found to be foods that nearly half of the adolescents had never cooked. Female adolescents were more involved in cooking than males. Better cooking habits and skills were positively related with adolescents’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which reinforces the idea that teaching cooking skills may have a positive impact in future food choice.
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Melo, Adriana ST, Felipe S. Neves, Aline P. Batista, George Luiz L. Machado-Coelho, Daniela S. Sartorelli, Eliane R. de Faria, Michele P. Netto, Renata MS Oliveira, Vanessa S. Fontes, and Ana Paula C. Cândido. "Percentage of energy contribution according to the degree of industrial food processing and associated factors in adolescents (EVA-JF study, Brazil)." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 13 (January 13, 2021): 4220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000100.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate energetic contribution according to the degree of industrial food processing and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and behavioural characteristics in adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional study (Adolescent Lifestyle Study). Food consumption was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, with foods classified by degree of industrial progressing. The usual diet was estimated using the Multiple Source Method. In a linear regression model, the energy percentage (E %) was associated with sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and behavioural characteristics, after adjustment for sex and age.Setting:Juiz de Fora, Brazil.Participants:Eight hundred and four adolescents, of both sexes, 14–19 years of age, enrolled in public schools.Results:The E % of unprocessed or minimally processed foods corresponded to 43·1 %, processed foods to 11·0 % and the ultraprocessed foods to 45·9 %. E % of unprocessed foods was associated with socio-economic stratum (adjusted β = −0·093; P = 0·032), neck circumference (adjusted β = 0·017; P = 0·049), screen time (adjusted β = −0·247; P = 0·036) and HDL-cholesterol (adjusted β = −0·156; P = 0·003). E % of ultraprocessed foods was associated with socio-economic stratum (adjusted β = 0·118; P = 0·011), screen time (adjusted β = 0·375; P = 0·003), BMI (adjusted β = −0·029; P = 0·025), neck circumference (adjusted β = −0·017; P = 0·028) and HDL-cholesterol (adjusted β = 0·150; P = 0·002).Conclusions:There was a high E % of ultraprocessed foods in the diet of the adolescents. Actions are needed to raise the awareness of adopting healthy eating habits.
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Soriano-Ayala, Encarnación, and Verónica C. Cala. "A Comparative Study of Breakfast Habits of Romanian and Spanish Adolescents Enrolled in Southern Spain Schools." Practice and Theory in Systems of Education 10, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ptse-2015-0026.
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AbstractIntroduction: Globalization has favored intra-European Commission (EC) and extra-EC migration to Spain. One of the most numerous cultural groups that have settled in the southern Spain is from Romania. Coexistence, especially in schools, has made us become interested in knowing the eating habits at breakfast of Romanian and Spanish populations. Numerous studies show that the food intake at breakfast, mostly made before leaving home, has an incidence on the physic wellbeing of adolescent throughout the day. The processes of acculturation are also inseparable from the eating habits, health and life, that maintain the migrant teenagers. Breakfast is analyzed as one of the habits more associated with diet quality; paradoxically, one of the findings of our study, many adolescents do not take a proper breakfast every day.Objectives: The study analyzes the characteristics and the main cultural and gender differences in the implementation of breakfast: its maintenance or omission in young autochthonous and immigrants of Romanian origin in the southeast Spanish schools. Design. This is a cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling in two Primary schools and seven Secondary schools. The instrument applied was an adaptation of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. Sample. It has been formed by 1472 students between 11 and 18 years old; nationality: 1315 were Spanish and 157 were Romanians. Data analysis. Descriptive and differential analyses using the chi-square and U of Mann-Whitney statistics.Results: In the study we identified 1.2% of Spaniards and 3.3% of Romanians who either skip breakfast or do not eat foods throughout the morning. The main breakfast foods of the Spanish students are dairy, bread and cereals, cookies, juice and olive oil; for the Romanian students the basic foods at breakfast are cereals, dairy products, juices, biscuits and jams. We have found significant differences between the two compared cultural groups. We also found significant differences between the food eaten by men of the two cultural groups (Spanish and Romanian) and by the food eaten by women (Spanish and Romanian) in the breakfast food.Conclusions: The results show the need to further promote and implement educational programs that encourage students to make breakfast before leaving home. Also, it is necessary, they take care of the intake of the right foods to start the day and contemplate this habit from a transcultural and gender approach. Significant differences were identified in the breakfast practice food by both genders and cultural groups.
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Ferreira, Manuela, Raquel P. F. Guiné, Ana Lúcia Leitão, João Duarte, Joana Andrade, and Odete Amaral. "Eating habits and food literacy: Study involving a sample of Portuguese adolescents." Open Agriculture 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-0011.
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Abstract Adolescents tend to neglect food and their eating pattern is influenced by several factors. Adolescents’ health literacy substantiates their ability to respond to the growing demands of health, being linked to health promotion in several areas, including food. The goal of this work was to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and contextual variables with secondary school students’ food literacy. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out with a sample of 181 nonprobabilistic secondary school students, aged between 16 and 21 years (mean = 18.09 years ± 1.45), mostly female (58.0%), from 11th grade (35.4%), who are part of a secondary school in central Portugal. As a tool for data collection, the questionnaire of the project “Your PEL – Promote and Empower for Health Literacy in the young population” was used, aggregating three areas: eating behaviors, harmful consumptions and sexuality. The results showed that 58.6% of young people eat 4–5 meals a day, consume fast food weekly (79%) and eat soup (82.3%). Additionally, they eat fruit and vegetables on a daily basis (94.5 and 83.4%, respectively). The results further showed that 10th grade students have higher levels of health and food literacy. It was observed that both girls and boys are interested in receiving information regarding food, transmitted through social networks and by a communication application (84.5 and 73.5%, respectively), with significant differences (χ 2 = 4.768; p = 0.028). Adolescents face unique health challenges and a critical level of health literacy compromises their understanding of information about diet and future health. The results indicate that educational plans to empower adolescents in these areas, which integrate gender and age differences and sources of information as important variables to be considered, are pivotal for increasing levels of health and food literacy.
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Benavides, Carmen, José Alberto Benítez-Andrades, Pilar Marqués-Sánchez, and Natalia Arias. "eHealth Intervention to Improve Health Habits in the Adolescent Population: Mixed Methods Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e20217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20217.
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Background Technology has provided a new way of life for the adolescent population. Indeed, strategies aimed at improving health-related behaviors through digital platforms can offer promising results. However, since it has been shown that peers are capable of modifying behaviors related to food and physical exercise, it is important to study whether digital interventions based on peer influence are capable of improving the weight status of adolescents. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth app in an adolescent population in terms of improvements in their age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles. Other goals of the study were to examine the social relationships of adolescents pre- and postintervention, and to identify the group leaders and study their profiles, eating and physical activity habits, and use of the web app. Methods The BMI percentiles were calculated in accordance with the reference guidelines of the World Health Organization. Participants’ diets and levels of physical activity were assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), respectively. The variables related to social networks were analyzed using the social network analysis (SNA) methodology. In this respect, peer relationships that were considered reciprocal friendships were used to compute the “degree” measure, which was used as an indicative parameter of centrality. Results The sample population comprised 210 individuals in the intervention group (IG) and 91 individuals in the control group (CG). A participation rate of 60.1% (301/501) was obtained. After checking for homogeneity between the IG and the CG, it was found that adolescents in the IG at BMI percentiles both below and above the 50th percentile (P50) modified their BMI to approach this reference value (with a significance of P<.001 among individuals with an initial BMI below the P50 and P=.04 for those with an initial BMI above the P50). The diet was also improved in the IG compared with the CG (P<.001). After verifying that the social network had increased postintervention, it was seen that the group leaders (according to the degree SNA measure) were also leaders in physical activity performed (P=.002) and use of the app. Conclusions The eHealth app was able to modify behaviors related to P50 compliance and exert a positive influence in relation to diet and physical exercise. Digital interventions in the adolescent population, based on the improvement in behaviors related to healthy habits and optimizing the social network, can offer promising results that help in the fight against obesity.
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Rosi, Alice, Francesca Giopp, Giulia Milioli, Gabriele Melegari, Matteo Goldoni, Liborio Parrino, and Francesca Scazzina. "Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity Level, and Sleep Behavior of Italian Junior High School Adolescents." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020478.
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Inadequate diet, physical activity, and sleep-related behaviors are potential risk factors for overweight and obese, therefore we investigated the relations between body mass index (BMI) and behavioral factors in a sample of Italian adolescents. Four hundred nine Italian secondary school students (46% females, 12.5 ± 0.6 y.o.) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measures, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED), physical activity level (PAQ-C), sleep duration, daytime sleepiness (PDSS), sleep quality, and school achievement data were collected through an online questionnaire. The percentage of overweight adolescents was slightly lower (14%) compared to the regional and the national figures. Approximately 88% of the sample reported a medium/high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and 77% a moderate/vigorous physical activity level. The average sleep duration was in line with the international sleep recommendation for adolescents and 82% had a medium/high sleep quality. No differences were found between genders except for BMI (lower in females). Unexpectedly, no differences were found among the BMI groups (normal weight vs. overweight vs. obese) for lifestyle variables; in contrast, Mediterranean Diet adherence was associated with sleep habits. Further investigation is required to better explore the associations among behavioral variables involved in adolescents’ healthy development.