Dissertations / Theses: 'Adolescence – Health and hygiene – Ghana'

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Okyere, Charles Yaw [Verfasser]. "Water Quality in Multipurpose Water Systems, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Outcomes in Ghana / Charles Yaw Okyere." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161527087/34.

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Yaw, Okyere Charles [Verfasser]. "Water Quality in Multipurpose Water Systems, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Outcomes in Ghana / Charles Yaw Okyere." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-48542.

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Doku, Paul Narh. "The mental health of orphans and vulnerable children within the context of HIV/AIDS in Ghana." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3629/.

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Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has contributed to a drastic increase in the number of orphans and vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the mental health of these children in low prevalence areas such as Ghana. The thesis investigated the relationship between orphanhood, parental HIV/AIDS status and mental health. It further examined the mediating effects of identified risk and protective factors on the relationship between orphanhood/parental HIV/AIDS status and psychological difficulties. Finally, the thesis identified pathways through which HIV/AIDS impacts children by exploring the interactive and cumulative effects of the various risk and protective factors on psychological difficulties. Method: The thesis employed cross-sectional, quantitative interviews that involved 291 children aged 10-18 years and their caregivers that compared children who have lost their parents to AIDS, those who have lost their parents to other causes, those who are living with HIV/AIDS-infected caregivers and children from intact families in the Manya Krobo district in Ghana. ANOVAs, T-tests, General Linear Models, Log-linear Analyses, Chi-Squares and Bivariate Correlations were used to analyze the data that were obtained from both the children and their caregivers. Results After controlling for relevant socio-demographic factors, both children and informants’ reports showed that children orphaned by AIDS and those living with infected parents showed higher delinquency (p <.01), peer problems (p <.001), hyperactivity (p <.01) and lower self esteem (p <.001) than other orphans and children from intact families. AIDS orphans, other orphans and those living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents all reported significantly more depression (p <.001) and relationship problems (p <.001) than those for intact families. Conduct problems as indicated by informants’ reports were generally, significantly higher for orphans and vulnerable children compared to children from intact families. Over 70% of both AIDS orphans and children living with infected parents showed internalising symptoms that were above clinical cut-offs for abnormality. AIDS orphans and children living with infected parents reported more stigma, abuse, child labour and lower levels of SES and lower perceived social support. These factors independently, strongly mediated the relationship between orphanhood, parental HIV/AIDS status and mental health. The interactive and cumulative effect of engagement in child labour and being physically abused heightened the risks for depressive symptoms from 38% to 66%. Neglect and psychological abuse increased the risks for symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder from 26.6% to 67.3%. The cumulative effect of stigma and either child labour or physical abuse substantially increased the likelihood of delinquency symptoms to approximately 67%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that both AIDS orphans and children living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents showed heightened psychosocial symptoms. The present evidence also highlighted the interactive, cumulative, co-occurrence of contextual factors and HIV/AIDS unique exposures to create heightened vulnerabilities for psychological difficulties among children. The findings call for a comprehensive intervention programme that addresses factors specific to HIV/AIDS and contextual variables.

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Iyanda, Ayodeji Emmanuel. "The Geography of Maternal Health Indicators in Ghana." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984208/.

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Ghana is identified among the developing countries with high maternal mortality ratio in Africa. This study unpacked the Demographic and Health Survey data by examining the maternal health indicators at the district level using GIS methods. Understanding the geographic patterns of antenatal care, place of delivery, and skilled birth attendants at the small scale will help to formulate and plan for location-specific health interventions that can improve maternal health care behavior among Ghanaian women. Districts with high rates and low rates were identified. Place of residence, Gini-Coefficient, wealth status, internet access, and religious affiliation were used to explore the underlying factors associated with the observed patterns. Economic inequality was positively associated with increased use of maternal health care services. The ongoing free maternal health policy serves as a cushion effect for the economic inequality among the districts in the Northern areas. Home delivery is common among the rural districts and is more prominent mostly in the western part of Northern Region and southwest of Upper West. Educating women about the free maternal health policy remains the most viable strategy for positive maternal health outcomes and in reducing MMR in Ghana.

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Yabila, David Nkumincha. "Knowledge and experiences of mineworkers on the prevention of HIV/AIDS in a mining community of Ghana." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2981.

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Thesis (Master of Nursing)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is a public health concern worldwide. An estimated 36.9 million people are living with HIV/AIDS with about two million new infections annually. An approximate ten million people have died of AIDS-related causes since the beginning of the epidemic. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the most affected sub-region, with approximately 71% of all People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHWA) from mid-2016. In SSA, the epidemic has become a socioeconomic burden on developing countries. The literature review established a high prevalence of HIV/STIs among mineworkers and in mining communities, despite the increase in education on HIV/AIDS prevention in the media and public fora. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the knowledge and experiences of mineworkers on the prevention of HIV/AIDS in a mining community in Ghana. An exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was applied. Data collection was done using semi-structured individual interviews. The population in this study was mineworkers who come from other districts and regions in Ghana to live in the catchment community without their families because of employment. Seventeen (17) participants were interviewed, after purposive sampling was done. Interview transcriptions and manual coding were done by the researcher using Microsoft Word. The raw data was coded and sorted into themes and sub-themes and analysed by using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework for thematic analysis. The Health Belief Model (HBM), a theoretical framework was applied to the study to predict and explain whether a person will perform an action necessary for preventing a HIV/AIDS or not. Findings from this study revealed that although there has been an increase in education on HIV/AIDS across the country and through workplace HIV/AIDS programmes, mineworkers lacked knowledge of HIV/AIDS, as they still had misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, especially regarding the mode of transmission and preventive measures. A strong recommendation was made to embark on a continuous and intensive HIV/AIDS education programme that will be focused on the knowledge needs of mineworkers to dismiss the misconceptions and improve their knowledge level. This will empower them to know the benefits of prevention and ultimately change their behaviour.

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Mensah, Kofi Akohene. "An exploration of evaluation approaches for community based interventions for people living with HIV (PLHIV) with results applied to the ‘HOPE’ programme in Ghana." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2665/.

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Background: The increase in the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV), especially in sub-Saharan Africa, is a major public health concern. To date, most attention has been paid to prevention strategies and clinical trials of therapy. In comparison, there have been very few studies of care and support programmes. The ‘HOPE’ programme is a major community-based care and support programme in Ghana. ‘HOPE’ provides nutritional support, skills training for employment, health education and psychological support for PLHIV and for those orphaned through AIDS. Therefore, it was seen by policy makers in the country as desirable that it should be evaluated. A PhD scholarship was funded and the researcher presenting this thesis was appointed. Broad Aims The overall aim was to carry out an evaluation of the ‘HOPE’ programme in Ghana in order to make wider recommendations for evaluation of community-based interventions (CBIs) in Ghana and Africa generally. The timing was less than ideal as many of the major decisions about the intervention had already been made and baseline data had been collected. Therefore, the preliminary aim was to explore a range of possible evaluation methods so that the most suitable approach could be selected. Thereafter, a range of more specific aims, objectives and research questions was identified. Methods: A ‘mixed methods’ approach was adopted. The first component was a desk-based analysis of the literature on the various evaluation approaches that might, at least in theory, be applied to an HIV/AIDS intervention like ‘HOPE’. From this, a decision was made to evaluate ‘HOPE’ in terms of structure, process and outcome. The second component operationalised this decision by reviewing HOPE’s working documents and conducting two pieces of field work: a quantitative and a qualitative study. The quantitative study was a structured questionnaire administered to 200 PLHIV on the ‘HOPE’ programme. The qualitative study consisted of 14 interviews with stakeholders directly involved in the programme implementation and 8 focus group discussions with the programme beneficiaries. Results: The desk-based analysis achieved three main outcomes. First, it set out in a systematic manner the different approaches to evaluation that could in theory have been applied to ‘HOPE’. It identified strengths and weaknesses and the perspectives behind each approach. Second, it set out and then summarised a detailed description of the ‘HOPE’ programme and the national context in which it operated. Third, it set the above within the context of global literature on HIV, community-based interventions and nutritional support programmes. The analysis of the quantitative data showed that beneficiaries were being provided with soy-fortified wheat and vegetable fortified oil at the time of the evaluation. On average, beneficiaries gained weight (Mean difference in weight was 2kg with 95% CI (1.1, 2.9), p-value < 0.001) and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) (Mean difference in BMI was 0.8units with 95% CI (0.4, 1.2), P-value < 0.001). Over a third of the beneficiaries (37.5%) was currently unemployed and only one in five of the beneficiaries had been trained in a skill that might have been useful to find employment: this, despite skills training for all being a programme goal. Multivariate analysis showed that the support group to which the beneficiary belonged was the most important determinant of a positive outcome. Qualitative components demonstrated perceived successes and challenges. Beneficiaries indicated that the anti-retroviral drugs were making them hungry and the food helped to alleviate that effect. They further indicated that the food was nutritious and contributed to their weight gain. Support groups have been sustained and membership increased. Some indicated that food should be more varied and some mentioned selling food to earn money to pay for their medications. Most of the beneficiaries indicated they were unemployed having lost their jobs as a result of stigmatisation. Only a few benefited from skills training leading to employment because of inadequate budgeting. Some who had been trained could not use their newly acquired skills because of lack of capital to start a business. To compound these weaknesses, most reported that they preferred petty trading to the skills offered. The monthly education and the training workshops generated hope, and improved knowledge of HIV/AIDS, promoted drug adherence and helped to reduce stigmatisation. The training of the PLHIV as peer educators is an effective method for HIV education and counselling since PLHIV listen to their peers more than health workers. Respondees predicted dissolution of the support groups when the programme ends. This is because they were not adequately involved in the decision making. Beneficiaries identified participation and cooperation as key prerequisites for sustainability but they also identified important weaknesses in ‘HOPE’ with respect to these criteria. Discussion: Despite the challenges presented by the timing and context of this study, it has been possible to carry out an evaluation that provides important learning. A mixed methods approach was appropriate and is likely to be useful in many similar evaluations. Beneficial outcomes were identified but these cannot be attributed, without qualification, to the intervention. Nonetheless, the findings indicated that participants were highly satisfied with the food support and monthly education. They were dissatisfied with the numbers trained in new skills and in other aspects of the skills training components. Also, the sustainability of the food component when the funding stops was a concern. However, the educational component could be sustained because peer educators could continue at very low cost. Most importantly, community involvement, using locally available resources, inter-sectoral collaboration and harnessing the motivation of local people were seen as key but underutilised ingredients. So, the results of the evaluation are encouraging but not conclusive. Nonetheless, care for people living with HIV is such an important problem that the desirability of conducting a cluster randomised controlled trial among a large number of support groups to assess the programme effectiveness on health, nutrition and economic status should be seriously considered despite the practical and ethical challenges implicit in such a recommendation.

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Bailey, Claire Elizabeth. "Three papers on side effects and modern contraceptive use among women in Ghana." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/166579/.

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This thesis investigates the issue of side effects and how they may act as a barrier to the use of modern contraceptive methods among women in Ghana. Three papers are presented each addressing the issue using different sources of data and different methodologies. The disparate nature of the data sources and techniques used provides each paper with its own perspective on the research question and each paper gives a unique insight into the topic. The aim of the first paper is to use a qualitative focus group methodology to explore in-depth the way individuals perceive information about family planning. The study seeks to better define what is meant by the term fear of side effect in this particular social context and to determine on what information and from what sources is this fear constructed. Overall the findings of this study show that fear of side effects does act as a significant barrier to the use of temporary methods and these fears result mainly from a large amount of negative information regarding side effects being passed through the social network. However the events being recounted cannot be dismissed as myth or rumour as they are most often based in real experiences. The second paper uses monthly data on contraceptive use and the experience of side effects from the calendar section of a longitudinal survey of women in Southern Ghana. Using life tables and a multi-level logistic discrete-time hazards model this study analyses contraceptive discontinuation and how it relates to the concurrent self-reported experience of side effects. The results show that experiencing side effects is associated with a higher probability of discontinuation of the method and that counselling from health workers is extremely important in minimizing discontinuation rates. The third paper uses a sub-sample of women who are not current contraceptive users from the 2003 GDHS. The study uses multiple logistic regression to determine the association between exposure to family planning information, through mass media and interpersonal channels, and the probability that a respondent will cite fear of side effects as their main reason for not intending to use a contraceptive method in the future. The results show that the only family planning communication variable which does have a significant effect is receiving a message from a health worker which increases the odds of fear of side effects being the main reason for not intending to use a method in the future. Overall the socio-economic characteristics of those not intending to use a method in the future due to a fear of side effects is more similar to current users than to those who are not intending to use in the future for other reasons.

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Niño, Michael David. "Peer Networks and Health Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801957/.

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Adolescence is a time of great exploration and change. During this time, youth are transitioning both biologically and sexually into adults. Adolescents are also testing the boundaries of self-reliance and making choices about their personal relationships. Not surprisingly, aggressive urges are often driven by peers in pursuit of some form of identity (Masten 2004). Peers can have both positive and negative effects on the wellbeing on youth. Peer groups can provide emotional, physical, and social support to youth during a time of immense change (Parker and Asher 1987; Gest, Graham-Berman, and Hartup 2001). Peers can also model delinquent and risk-taking behaviors that have lasting health, social, and economic consequences throughout the life course. In an effort to understand the role of friendships in adolescent health, social scientists have increasingly focused on adolescent network structures within schools and the role various positions and peer group formations influence behaviors such as alcohol and cigarette use, violent and serious delinquency, and sexual risk-taking. While informative, peer networks studies have yet to adequately address how peer network structures based on immigrant generation and types of marginalized social positions influence health risk behavior engagement among adolescents. In three studies, I address the dearth of research in these areas, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The first study investigates the influence of generational peers on alcohol misuse among immigrant youth. Testing hypotheses derived from sociological theories of generations regarding race/ethnicity, gender, and immigrant generation, findings from this study demonstrate generational ties are inversely related to alcohol misuse for immigrants and these effects depend partly on race/ethnicity and gender. The second study investigates the effects of specific network forms of social isolation on heavy episodic drinking and cigarette use among adolescents. The central finding from this study is that different network-based forms of social isolation had varying effects on alcohol and cigarette use when compared to sociable youth. The final study examines the relationship between types of social isolation and violent delinquency when compared to sociable youth. Deriving hypotheses from general strain theory, I test whether the isolation-violence relationship varies across isolation types when compared to sociable youth. I also test whether other negative experiences and circumstances (strains) tied to adolescence moderate the relationship between isolation types and violent delinquency. Finally, studies indicate a consistent gender gap in criminality. Therefore, I test whether the isolation-violence relationship differs by gender. Findings demonstrate that socially disinterested youth show a greater capacity for violent behavior, but other types of marginalized youth showed no difference in violence when compared to sociable youth. Results also suggest that some types of strain moderate the isolation-violence relationship and that these patterns are gendered.

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Galloti, Lorraine. "Beyond theory : adolescent girls' perceptions of body image, physical activity and health." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35316.

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Accompanying materials housed with archival copy.
The purpose of this research was to describe and critically interpret girls' experiences with respect to body image, physical activity and health. The qualitative inquiry included focus group and individual interviews, document analysis and field observations. These methods were used to explore the perceptions of sixty-three girls (grades eight and eleven) and staff from an inner-city high school. Through interpretive data analysis (and constant comparison), the inter-related themes of body image, physical activity and health branched into the sub-themes of societal influences and personal attitudes including: friends, boys, family, school and media. Girls' body images ranged from minor preoccupations to major dissatisfaction with their bodies, while a few girls were happy being themselves. Weak or negative family influences gave way to influences by media, boys and friends. A few girls were very active, whereas others' low levels of participation were attributed to: disinterest in physical activity, intimidation by boys, or perceived lack of opportunity. The girls' perceptions of health incorporated fitness, weight, and eating habits. Girls often used negative qualifiers when describing their weight or body shape. Generally, girls perceived overweight individuals as not taking care of themselves. This research supports the development of gender sensitive physical education programs promoting healthier lifestyles for females.

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Owusu, Nicodemus Osei. "Malaria control policies and strategies in Ghana : the level of community participation in the intersectoral collaboration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340008/.

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For more than a century now, malaria has been a major public health problem in Ghana which consequently has been one of the country’s sources of underdevelopment due to economic losses, high rate of morbidity and mortality. Faced with this problem, the last ten years has seen a commitment from the Ghanaian government to address the issue by establishing a policy that would transform the way the disease is prevented and controlled. The transformation of the management of the disease by the use of intersectoral collaboration strategy (ISC) was to ensure the inclusion of the grass root community members who were hitherto excluded from participating in policymaking process of the national malaria control programme (NMCP) activities. The idea was that by allowing the communities to participate, members would be empowered to have ownership of programme activities, could accept the challenges associated with the control of the disease, and above all contribute more effectively to the success of the policy goal of minimising the persistence of malaria in Ghana. However, over ten years now, no systematic study has been done to access the extent to which this policy goal has been rhetoric or a reality. This thesis therefore seeks to examine this vision by investigating the extent to which the community members are allowed by the health authorities to participate in this policy strategy. Drawing on the case studies in the rural and urban districts in Ghana, the practical reality of the degree of community participation in ISC has been explored. In addition, the roles played by the community members in malaria control programme activities were examined with the aim of understanding the importance of communities in malaria control efforts. Finally, the barriers to participation as well as the extent of the institutional involvement in ISC and its possibility to facilitate community participation have also been examined. Overall, the evidence from the study findings demonstrated that the established strategy of ISC has not significantly promoted community participation in the NMCP activities. While the communities were consulted on malaria issues, they were often excluded from the final decision-making on issues that needed to be acted upon. Consequently, the communities have no guarantee that their views will be considered during the final deliberation in which they have little or no part to play. In spite of this, the study found that through various ways, the community members had been playing a number of significant roles in the control activities. These roles included: supporting health staff in their outreach services, contributing in managing the environment, providing assistance in the monitoring and evaluation of malaria programmes and finally assisting victims to cope with the disease. The findings also indicated that without a number of barriers, certain existing contextual factors (e.g. good level of horizontal integration and political structures and social-cultural institutions) potentially could have contributed to the community participation. From the views of health officials, these barriers were the powers of central bureaucratic structures and lack of resources whilst the community members perceived poverty, lack of support from the local health authorities, the precarious nature of their livelihood and traditional culture as those factors that have undermined participation. These barriers were structural and as such tackling any one barrier in isolation was not likely to solve the malaria problem. Besides, no one government sector, on its own, through participation, could make it possible for the community members to have a full ownership of the control programme activities as well as develop a culture of malaria prevention and control. Thus in the context of the study sites, the study concluded that although there is no evidence to suggest that ISC has enhanced full community participation, the strategy should be commended. In reality, the finding indicated that through ISC strategy many sectors including the community have become more aware of malaria problem and communicate more to solve the problem together. In the light of this, the study finds joint action in the form of ISC across many government sectors as a potential solution if these barriers are to be dealt with in a more strategic way rather than a piecemeal manner. In conclusion, it has been argued that with such a complex problem like malaria, ISC with community participation in policy making process is both a necessary and sufficient condition in reducing malaria persistence in the study sites. The health sector must work collaboratively with other related sectors and it is with such collaborative efforts that can change the attitudes of the community members. Changes in behavioural attitudes are paramount if communities’ activities that affect the environment and promote breeding of mosquitoes are to be minimised. Thus with ISC strategy, what is further needed are: proper control planning that will ensure better coordination amongst sectors, adequate resources and behavioural change by the community members themselves. Each of these factors, I believe should not work in isolation, rather must work together otherwise malaria persistence in Ghana will not go away anytime soon.

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Gebhardt, Rianne. "The Adolescent Singing Voice in the 21st Century: Vocal Health and Pedagogy Promoting Vocal Health." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461188945.

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Ng, Ip Kit-wan Judy. "The use of pedometer and physical activity log in assessing physical activity of school children." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/157.

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Cudhea, Maia Christine. "Topical content in sexuality education and sexual health outcomes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5189/.

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Secondary analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health is used to examine possible explanatory variables for sexual health outcomes. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between sexual health outcomes and topical content in sexuality education, controlling for race, biological sex, low socioeconomic status, and religiosity. Results indicated increasing topical content in sexuality education had a positive effect on knowledge acquisition and confidence, but no statistically significant effect on engagement in sexual risk behavior or likelihood of reporting sexual coercion. Control variables were significant predictors and overall model fit was low, indicating topical content in sexuality education is minimally important in creating adolescent sexual behavior. Further exploration of differing aspects of sexuality education is suggested.

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Liu, Keke 1988. "Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of The Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysfunction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849771/.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related disorder that may develop in response to traumatic or stressful events. Dysfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the disorder. Studies support such dysfunction as being a consequence of PTSD, rather than a precursor. However, most studies of the HPA are either cross-sectional or have been carried out in adults. The aim of the present study was to identify whether HPA dysregulation interacts with stressful experiences to increase the likelihood of developing PTSD symptoms in a community-recruited sample of healthy adolescent girls. Adolescent girls (N = 550) and one of their parents participated. Adolescents’ clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline and at a nine month follow-up. Saliva samples were collected from all adolescent participants at waking, 30 minutes after waking, and 8 pm on 3 consecutive days. Flattened diurnal slope of cortisol at baseline was associated with increased PTSD symptoms nine months later. Baseline cortisol awakening response (CAR) per se was not prospectively related to developing PTSD symptoms, but its interactions with stressful experience was associated with elevated PTSD symptoms at follow-up. Effects were small and need to be replicated in samples with more severe stressors, as well as more clinical levels of PTSD. Nevertheless, findings suggest that dysregulated basal HPA functioning may be involved in the development of PTSD symptoms.

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Africa, Eileen K. "Die invloed van 'n intervensieprogram op omkeerbare gesondheidsrisikofaktore by 'n geselekteerde groep adolessente dogters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1446.

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Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The continued integration of our global society has caused a shift in human social interaction and redefined the contexts of adolescents’ lives. Adolescents are inundated with a variety of choices at a stage of their lives where they are trying to create their own identity. This critical period of development is highlighted by an increased desire to experiment with adult life. Thus is experimentation not uncommon. The study examines the prevalence of a range of health risk behaviours amongst adolescent girls. It focuses on the identification of behaviours such as violence, smoking, alcohol and drug use and abuse, sexual behaviours, dietary behaviours and physical inactivity that place adolescents at increased risk for premature morbidity and mortality. An intervention programme was launched at the schools concerned in an effort to address these behaviour patterns and to inform learners regarding the dangers of these health risk factors. The sample population was selected from three previously disadvantaged high schools in the Worcester region. Due to restrictive circumstances at the schools, the sample could not be randomly selected and therefore the study is based on a quasi-experimental research approach. A sample of 1805 adolescent girls in Grades 8 to 10 completed a questionnaire, which assessed a range of health risk behaviours. This questionnaire was based on the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) and completed by all the respondents during the pre-test. A control and experimental group was selected from the Grades concerned, at the different schools. The experimental group was subjected to a six-months long intervention programme. At the end of the intervention programme a post-test was conducted on both the control and experimental groups. Four months after the post-test the respondents were subjected to the same test, which is now known as the follow-up test. The girls who dropped out of the study as it progressed are referred to as the drop-out group. Information regarding the socio-economic background of the girls, as well as permission to take part in the study, was obtained from the parents by means of a questionnaire. A self-designed questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding the state and status of Physical Education (PE) and movement programmes within Life Orientation at the schools. Teachers who were responsible for Grades 8, 9 and 10, completed the questionnaire. To keep track of body size and growth, mass and length were determined and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured to determine to what extend these girls suffer from hypertension. Skinfold measures were taken to determine the fat percentage. The 20m shuttle run (Bleep test) was used to indirectly determine the physical activity levels of the respondents. The main results are discussed next. The results indicate that more respondents in the post-test (64%) reported that learners carry weapons on school grounds than in the pre-test. According to the results 64% of the respondents indicated in the post-test that learners carry weapons on school grounds compared to 29% of the respondents in the follow-up test (p<0.01). The pre-tests results indicate that 11% of the respondents smoke cigarettes in comparison to 14% in the post-test (p<0.01). Approximately 9% of the respondents in the pre-test indicated that they drank at least one alcoholic drink in the week before the study was undertaken in comparison to the 22% of the post-test (p<0.01). Regarding the smoking of dagga 2% of the respondents indicated in the pre-test that they smoked dagga whereas 9% in the post-test indicated that they did. More sexual active respondents during the follow-up test (57%) indicated that they used condoms during their last sexual experience than in the post-test (46%). The results of the pre-test indicate that approximately 49% of the respondents did something to loose weight or to prevent weight-gain in comparison to the 25% of the post-test and the 31% of the follow-up test. According the results, 35% of the respondents purported to have PE at their school in comparison to 30% during the post-test and 54% during the follow-up test. Although there were some exceptions, in most cases a tendency existed that indicated an increase in the variables measured between the pre-test and post-test. In most cases the results remained constant between the post-test and the follow-up test. This study can therefore be a starting point for further research into the process to combat health risk behaviours amongst adolescent girls. This can be done with educational programmes in cooperation with several role-players in the community.

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Nanyangwe, Lenganji. "Location, dislocation and risk for HIV: a case study of refugee adolescents in Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Refugees are not a new phenomenon and their plight has been felt the world over. Africa continues to see large numbers of people displaced through armed conflict, producing more refugees on the worlds&rsquo
most poverty stricken continent than any other.
The implications of these displacements of people dislocated from their places of habitual residence create much concern, particularly in the wake of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Such dislocations and displacements imply separation from family and communities, including socio-economic benefits that accrue to them. There is an apparent problem of accessing health services, educational services, sources of livelihood and protection from sexual and emotional abuse. Refugee children and women are said to be the most vulnerable, although until recently adolescents in armed conflict were not considered as a
special group of children requiring special attention. The main objective of this research was to investigate levels of risk for HIV among refugee adolescents in Zambia and to determine how location relates to risk. Of particular interest was the difference in risk experienced in rural and urban areas. The researcher&rsquo
s hypothesis was that refugee adolescents in rural camps of Zambia are at greater risk because they lack adequate sources of income, health, and education in comparison to urban areas. The research was located within two theoretical underpinnings namely the social cognitive theory and the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM). The theory posits that a reciprocal relationship exists between environmental contexts, personal factors and behavior. The model explains how people change behavior that reduces risk for HIV by changing perceptions on sexual activity and when they enact the knowledge obtained from HIV preventive programmes. The methodology was located within both the qualitative and quantitative research
approaches. Qualitative because firstly, the research is a comparative case study and secondly, it is the first time such a study is being conducted. The researcher also made use of the quantitative through the survey and secondary HIV/AIDS statistical data.

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Sandoval, Adriana Aja. "Does a coeducational environment affect performance for female students in physical education classes?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3337.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how a coed environment affects a female student's performance in physical education classes. The focus of this study is middle school students. Most middle school students are normally going through puberty and many environmental changes at a new school. These changes can influence a student's performance often in P.E., causing a decrease in performance and participation which can lead to physical inactivity.

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Yeatts, Paul. "Relationship between Adolescents' Perceptions of Parental Physical Activity and Their Own Well-Being." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011772/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adolescents' perceptions of their parents' encouragement to lose weight and physical activity habits (i.e., exercise habits and sedentary behaviors) and their own physical health-related fitness (HRF) and psychological well-being. Results of structural equation modeling revealed both similarities and differences between boys and girls. Specifically, parental sedentary behavior and encouragement to lose weight related to girls HRF. Among boys, only encouragement to lose weight related to HRF. When inspecting the relationship between HRF and psychological well-being, HRF related to body satisfaction, but not depressive symptoms, among both boys and girls. Results of this study highlight the complex influence that parental perceptions have during adolescent development.

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Somers, Avril. "The prevalence of obesity amongst learners attending the schools in Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1462.

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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2004
Introduction and Background: The prevalence of obesity amongst both the adult and paediatric population has assumed almost epidemic proportions in many developed and developing countries. A recent study by the Medical Research Council found that a disturbing 20% of all South African children could be categorized as being obese. Limited data is currently available on the prevalence of obesity in South African children, particularly from the previously disadvantaged population. Given the global epidemic of paediatric obesity, hypertension and type-2-diabetes and the limited available data relating to obese South African children, further studies to enhance the understanding of the risk factors associated with the epidemic are imperative. Aims and Objectives of the Study: The objectives of the study were to: 1. Determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst leamers attending schools in the communities of Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni within the City of Cape Town, South Africa. 2. Determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension amongst learners attending school in the communities of Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni in the City of Cape Town. 3. To investigate the association of overweight and obesity with diabetes and hypertension in children and adolescents, and • To determine the risk factors associated with overweight, obesity, diabetes and hypertension Sample Population: Excluding learners that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 338 learners aged 10 - 16 years attending the government funded primary and secondary schools and residing in the target communities.

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Mitchell, Sara H. "A Biopsychosocial Model of Dietary Restraint in Early Adolescent Boys." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700049/.

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The current study replicated and extended previous research by examining empirically the direct and indirect influence of social pressure (to lose weight and diet), social body comparisons, internalization of the thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and cardiorespiratory fitness on self-reported dietary restraint in a diverse sample of middle school boys (n = 663); Mage was 12.49 years (SD = .99). With IRB approval, parental consent, and child assent, during annual FITNESSGRAM testing, participants completed questionnaires that measured the study’s constructs. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was determined by the boys’ performance on the PACER running test. The proposed model was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Because measures demonstrated univariate and multivariate normality, the maximum likelihood procedure within EQS to examine the measurement and structural models was used. Fit was determined using a two-index procedure. Participants were randomly split into exploratory (Sample A - 331) and confirmatory (Sample B - 332) samples. For Sample A, the measurement and structural models fit the data well. The structural model was confirmed in Sample B, with the same paths being significant and nonsignficant. For both Sample A and Sample B, 35% of the Dietary Restraint variance was explained. These findings support a multifactorial approach to understanding boys’ self-reported dietary restraint, and illuminate the negative influence of sociocultural weight pressures and salutary effects of CRF on early adolescents’ psychosocial well-being and dietary behaviors.

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21

Granich, Joanna. "Electronic-based sedentary behaviour among children within the family home environment : a descriptive study." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0069.

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[Truncated abstract] This descriptive study identified correlates of electronic media use among pre-adolescent children (10-12 year olds). It specifically focused on the potential influence of individual factors and the social and physical environment within the family home setting. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children is escalating. Sedentary behaviour in the form of electronic media use (comprised of television (TV) and video/DVD viewing, video and computer gaming, and computer use) is a contributing and a modifiable risk factor for overweight/obesity. To date, research focused on sedentary behaviour has been largely derived from physical (in)activity data where the absence or observed low levels of physical activity participation or TV viewing only has been used as a proxy for sedentariness. Little is known about the specificities of children's electronic media use; its impact on children's overall leisure and screen-time; and, the potential influencing factors that may operate at the home level. The family home is a context-specific setting where electronic media use is a daily practice for most children. To better understand electronic-based sedentary behaviour among children the following specific aims were addressed; 1) To describe children's leisure time, particularly time spent with electronic media. 2) To explore children and parents' perceptions about electronic-based sedentary behaviour. 3) To determine the prevalence of children's electronic-media use at home. 4) To examine the influence of individual, family social and home physical factors associated with different levels of electronic media use by children. ... The availability and accessibility of a variety of electronic equipment at home, especially in the child's bedroom (particularly among boys), was also associated with children's screen behaviour. Physical aspects of the family home (i.e., lay-out and yard size) had a mixed effect on children's electronic media use. Overall, the nature of electronic media use among children is complex and is influenced by dimensions that present at children's individual, family social and physical home level. The knowledge generated from this study about specific correlates of electronic media use has extended the understanding about its impact on children's discretionary time. Future prospective longitudinal research is warranted given that most studies investigating electronic media and sedentary behaviour are of cross-sectional design. Including other forms of sedentary behaviour such as sitting and talking with friends and family, reading and/or using telephones may provide a more comprehensive measure of sedentariness in the future. Further studies should use multivariate statistical analyses (i.e., modelling) to improve clarity of relationships between multiple variables and gauge mediating factors. This study also calls for future intervention research. Findings on gender-specific correlates of electronic media use provide superior information for the development of tailored behaviour modification strategies aimed at girls and boys respectively. Active involvement of household members in the intervention is also warranted. Utilising this study's findings may strengthen intervention outcomes towards a more directed and sustained behaviour change

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22

Jaars, Cleopatra. "HIV knowledge and sexual risk behaviour of grade 12 learners in the Cape Metropole, Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85690.

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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV pandemic threatens the social, emotional, and physical development of all persons, especially the youth. Adolescents are more at risk of contracting HIV as their lifestyle often involves sexual exploration and experimentation. Effective educational interventions are central to HIV prevention in South Africa. Being a clinical nurse practitioner in a primary health care (PHC) facility, the principal investigator observed that school learners failed to practice safe sex and demonstrated little knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention. The aim of the study was to investigate the reported level of HIV knowledge and sexual risk behaviour of grade 12 school learners in the Eastern Sub-District of the Cape Metropole, Cape Town. A descriptive, non-experimental, research design was employed with a primarily quantitative approach. The study population comprised grade 12 learners from high schools in the Eastern Sub-District of the Cape Metropole in Cape Town (N=7940). A total of 92 participants from four schools (2 public and 2 private) were included in the sample by using a cluster sampling method. A self-completion semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was collected by the principal investigator and a trained field worker. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University (N11/07/225). Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Department of Education. Reliability and validity were assured by means of a pilot study and the use of experts in the field of nursing research and statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Statistical associations were determined using ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U tests. The qualitative data was analysed thematically and then quantified. The results show that the average HIV/AIDS knowledge score of participants was 60.73%. However, many gaps in HIV/AIDS knowledge were identified. Only 77.2% (n=71) of participants knew the meaning of HIV, 80.4% (n=74) did not know all the ways in which HIV can be transmitted and only 8.7% (n=8) knew how to safely use a condom. The majority of participants (67.4%; n=62) believed in the myth that HIV can be cured and 18.5% (n=17) reported that a traditional healer can cure HIV. With regard to risky behaviour, half of the participants at the time of the study (51%; n=47) reported sexual engagement and 20% (n=9) of these respondents did not use condoms. Furthermore, 25% (n=23) had used alcohol before having sex. There were no association found between the knowledge about HIV/AIDS of participants and their sexual risk behaviour. In view of these study findings, participants are exposing themselves to high risk sexual behaviour that may increase their chances of acquiring sexually transmitted infections including HIV. Several recommendations were identified, including the strengthening of HIV and STI education linked to sexual risk reduction, open communication and additional information sources, availability of condoms at schools and improved access to HIV testing at schools.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die jeug se sosiale, emosionele en fisiese ontwikkeling word deur die MIV-pandemie gekortwiek. As gevolg van hulle seksuele eksperimentering, word adolessente as ŉ hoë risikogroep beskou, sover dit die ontwikkeling van MIV aangaan. Gevolglik speel onderrig ŉ belangrike rol in MIV voorkoming. Die beoefening van onveilige seks, en onvoldoende kennis rakende MIV/VIGS-voorkoming, is deur die primêre navorser, ŉ kliniese verpleegpraktisyn in die primêre gesondheidsorg omgewing, waargeneem. Die studie het dit ten doel om te bepaal wat die MIV-kennis vlakke, en die seksuele gedrag risiko van Graad 12 leerders in die Oostelike sub-distrik van die Kaapstadse Metropool is. ŉ Beskrywende, nie-eksperimentele navorsingsontwerp is gebruik, met ŉ hoofsaaklike kwantitatiewe benadering. Uit die studie populasie van Graad 12 leerders in die Oostelike sub-distrik van die Kaapstadse Metropool hoërskole (N=7940), is ŉ steekproef van 92 deelnemers uit vier hoërskole (twee staatskole en twee privaatskole) gekies – die trossteekproefnemingsmetode is gebruik. Data is versamel deur middel van ŉ semi-gestruktureerde vraelys wat deur die deelnemers self voltooi is. Toestemming vir die uitvoer van die studie is verkry van die Etiese Komitee van die Mediese Fakulteit van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (N11/07/225), asook die Wes-Kaapse Departement van Onderwys. Die betroubaarheid en geldigheid van die studie is verseker deur die uitvoer van ŉ voorstudie, en is verder versterk deur gebruik te maak van kundiges in die veld van statistiek en verpleegnavorsing. Data is ontleed deur middel van beskrywende statistiese metodes en assosiasies is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van variansie-analise (“ANOVA”) en Mann-Whitney U toetse. Die bevindinge is in frekwensie tabelle en histogramme vervat. Die kwalitatiewe data is gekodeer en gekategoriseer, waarna temas geïdentifiseer is. Alhoewel die studie-bevindinge aangedui het dat die deelnemers ŉ gemiddelde MIV/VIGS-kennis telling van 60.73% behaal het, is verskeie leemtes in hulle bestaande kennis geïdentifiseer. Slegs 77.2% (n=71) van die deelnemers het geweet wat MIV beteken, terwyl 80.4% (n=74) nie geweet het hoe MIV oorgedra word nie. Slegs 8.7% (n=8) van die deelnemers het kennis gehad rakende veilige kondoom gebruik. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (67.4%; n=62) glo dat MIV genees kan word en 18.5% (n=17) het aangedui dat MIV deur ŉ tradisionele geneesheer genees kan word. Hoë-risiko gedrag, spesifiek seksuele aktiwiteit (51%; n=47%) sonder kondome (20%; n=9) is rapporteer. ŉ Verdere 25% (n=23) van die deelnemers het rapporteer dat hulle alkohol gebruik voor seks, maar daar was geen assosiasie tussen die vlak van MIV/VIGS-kennis en hoë-risiko gedrag nie. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die deelnemers hulself blootstel aan hoë-risiko seksuele gedrag met die gevolg dat hul kans om MIV te kry verhoog. Die aanbevelings, gegrond op die bevindinge, sluit in: ŉ groter fokus op onderrig wat verband hou met MIV en seksueel oordraagbare infeksies wat gekoppel is aan ŉ verlaging in hoe-risiko seksuele gedrag, openhartige kommunikasie en bykomende inligtingshulpbronne, beskikbaarheid van kondome by skole, asook verbeterde toegang tot MIV toetsing by skole.

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23

Ntlabati, Pumla L. "Patterns of early adolescent sex and implications for HIV/AIDS risk prevention : a contextual study in the Amatole Basin, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007814.

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This study involves an analysis of accounts of first and subsequent early sexual experiences in a deep rural area of the Eastern Cape in South Africa over the last forty years. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the enculturation of youth into sexual activity in the community of interest is explored. The study looks into sexual experiences from childhood, through early adolescence to adults of up to sixty five years old, allowing an analysis of the changing forms of sexual experimentation and sexual debut in this context. Contextual factors mediating these changes are explored, with special emphasis on the changing regulatory practices around early sexual experiences and the effect thereof on behaviors connected to HIV infection risk. Practices that were previously important mediators of sexual behavior were: anxiety about the social consequences of pregnancy, which was previously a significant disincentive to sexual intercourse; men's previous acceptance of the need to practice non-penetrative forms of sex and girls postponing sexual debut for as long as possible. All these were culturally endorsed, but are now noted to have changed due to changes in the regulatory practices surrounding youth sexuality. The context of early sexual experiences and the surrounding cultural practices have also changed significantly, and this needs to be taken into account in understanding receptivity to condom use messages. Implications for HIV/AIDS prevention are discussed. Among other interventions, the study describes a participatory, community-based, multi-sectoral approach that takes social conditions into account as a way of empowering the community to strengthen its response to the pandemic. This incorporates different sectors of the community, including youth, parents, religious and traditional leaders, and various other structures, services and institutions that make up the community.

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Knispel, Susanne 1971. "Christliche AIDS pravention unter ghanaischen Jugendlichen : eine praktisch-theologische Studie uber Chancen und Grenzen christlicher Curricula." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5883.

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The global AIDS pandemic with more than 30 million people being infected, with the greatest impact in sub-Saharan Africa, remains an enormous challenge to all societies including the churches. Especially young Africans, aged 15 to 24, face a high risk of getting infected with HIV. However, multifaceted and contextual preventive measures for this age group have good chances of curbing the epidemic. This dissertation in Practical Theology attempts to explore the potential contribution of Christian curriculum-based AIDS prevention in the Ghanaian context. It does this by relating practical-theological insights to the lifeworld of young people in Ghana. Thus the specific opportunities and limitations of Christian prevention programmes are identified. Their relevance for religious education in Ghana is finally examined in three exemplary curricula with Christian and secular approaches. The findings result in practical recommendations for the design of Christian AIDS prevention programmes within the Ghanaian context.
Practical theology
D. Th. (Practical Theology)

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Boone, Erin Margaret. "Game on : diminishing risks for depressive symptoms in early adolescence through positive involvement in team sports." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/455.

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Research shows that low levels of social acceptance, body satisfaction, and athletic competence increase risks for depressive symptoms among both girls and boys (Harter, Marold, & Whitesell, 1992). Little is known, however, about factors that can mediate these risks. To better understand how sports involvement may mediate risks for depressive symptoms, this study uses a multivariate structural model to examine how the qualitative nature of team sports involvement operates to influence risks for depressive symptoms. Participants were 455 students from a high school in a moderately-sized city. Girls reported lower mean levels of body satisfaction and athletic engagement and tended have higher levels of depressive symptoms. No sex differences were observed in experiences of positive team sports involvement. Structural equation modeling showed that the mediating model fit the data well. Implications for community- and school-based sports programs are discussed.

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Bennie, Progress Tholakele. "The relationship between perceived parental monitoring and involvement in health related risk-taking behaviours in adolescents in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3256.

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This study sought to investigate the relationship between perceived parental monitoring and adolescents' engagement in risky behaviour, in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. A total of 705 adolescents from both township and suburban schools in and around the city of Pietermaritzburg were involved in this study. Data collection took place during April and May of2002. Among the questions the study aimed to answer was whether there would be gender and school grade or age differences with regards to perceived parental monitoring, what the relationship would be between age, gender, perceived parental monitoring, level of religiosity, family structure, family conflict and attitudes towards condom use and, lastly, what the main predictors of engagement in risky behaviour would be. A survey which measured amongst other things, perceived parental monitoring, attitudes towards condom use, level of religiosity and the type of risky behaviours the adolescent might be involved in, was administered to the participants. Results showed perceived parental monitoring to be inversely correlated with involvement in risky behaviours and that, girls and the younger youth, were more monitored than boys and the older youth. Gender, level of religiosity, attitudes towards condom use, and age were identified by regression analysis as the four main predictors of engagement in risky behaviour. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the long-term relationship between perceived parental monitoring and engagement in risky behaviour.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
National Research Foundation.

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27

"The development of a nutrition education intervention to improve the eating practices of secondary students in Hong Kong." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889220.

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by Wu Yee Man.
Questionnaires in Chinese and English.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-141).
Acknowledgments --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Table of contents --- p.iv
List of figures --- p.viii
List of tables --- p.ix
List of abbreviations --- p.xiii
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two --- Background and strategy development --- p.3
Chapter 2.1 --- Conceptual framework of food consumption behaviour --- p.3
Chapter 2.2 --- What we know about the diet and health of Hong Kong adolescents --- p.5
Chapter 2.3 --- Community care and nutrition education in Hong Kong --- p.13
Chapter 2.4 --- Lessons from nutrition education research and programmes in other nations --- p.18
Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.22
Chapter Chapter Three --- Methodology --- p.23
Chapter 3.1 --- Subject selection --- p.23
Chapter 3.2 --- Theoretical approach and study design --- p.23
Chapter 3.3 --- Baseline survey --- p.26
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Focus groups --- p.26
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Survey instrument --- p.28
Chapter 3.3.3 --- J Survey implementation: school selection and data collection --- p.29
Chapter 3.4 --- Intervention programme --- p.31
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Intervention design --- p.31
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Intervention activities and their characteristics --- p.33
Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Activities and schedule --- p.33
Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Key characteristics --- p.34
Chapter 3.5 --- Evaluation survey --- p.36
Chapter 3.6 --- Data management and analysis methods --- p.37
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Focus groups --- p.37
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Baseline survey --- p.37
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Intervention programme process evaluation --- p.38
Chapter 3.6.4 --- Evaluation surveys --- p.38
Chapter Chapter Four --- Results --- p.40
Chapter 4.1 --- Focus groups --- p.40
Chapter 4.1.1 --- General results --- p.40
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Eating and drinking patterns --- p.42
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Food knowledge and health awareness --- p.45
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Food and nutrition promotion in school --- p.48
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Miscellaneous results --- p.50
Chapter 4.2 --- Baseline survey --- p.51
Chapter 4.2.1 --- General subject description --- p.51
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Eating and drinking patterns --- p.51
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Food and nutrition knowledge --- p.58
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Healthy weight maintenance --- p.63
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Food and nutrition education --- p.67
Chapter 4.2.6 --- Implications --- p.70
Chapter 4.2.7 --- Brief summary --- p.70
Chapter 4.3 --- Intervention programme process evaluation --- p.73
Chapter 4.4 --- Student outcome evaluation --- p.76
Chapter 4.4.1 --- General subject description --- p.76
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Changes in eating and other health-related habits --- p.77
Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Breakfast habits --- p.77
Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Lunch habits --- p.81
Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Dinner habits --- p.87
Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- Snack habits --- p.87
Chapter 4.4.2.5 --- Other health-related habits --- p.90
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Changes in food and nutrition knowledge --- p.93
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Changes in food and nutrition attitude --- p.97
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Education group student evaluation of the intervention programme --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.6 --- Brief summary of student evaluation survey --- p.105
Chapter 4.5 --- Intervention programme evaluation by the school principals and teachers --- p.110
Chapter Chapter Five --- Discussion --- p.114
Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusions --- p.132
References --- p.135
Appendices
Chapter A --- Focus group discussion question guides --- p.A1
Chapter B --- Baseline questionnaire --- p.A7
Chapter C --- Weekly programme evaluation forms
School 1 --- p.A33
School 2 --- p.A43
Chapter D --- Intervention activity schedules
School 1 --- p.A53
School 2 --- p.A63
Chapter E --- Materials for intervention programme activities
Chapter (1) --- Body weight measurement & evaluation --- p.A73
Chapter (2) --- Demonstration of BMI calculation --- p.A79
Chapter (3) --- 'Fitness & health' self assessment test --- p.A85
Chapter (4) --- 'Healthy eating' self assessment test --- p.A89
Chapter (5) --- Tongue Twister --- p.A93
Chapter (6) --- "Cross-word puzzles (junior, intermediate & senior levels)" --- p.A94
Chapter (7) --- Story telling quiz --- p.A97
Chapter (8) --- Lunch time games --- p.A99
Chapter (9) --- Healthy foods in the school tuck shop --- p.A100
Chapter (10) --- Short drama --- p.A101
Chapter (11) --- Dr. Fit mailbox --- p.A102
Chapter (12) --- Talk by a dietitian --- p.A112
Chapter (13) --- "Inter-class nutrition quiz (junior, intermediate & senior levels)" --- p.A113
Chapter (14) --- Inter-class bulletin board design contest --- p.A134
Chapter (15) --- Leaflets --- p.A138
Chapter (16) --- Pamphlet --- p.A141
Chapter (17) --- Bulletin board exhibition --- p.A144
Chapter (18) --- Magnet --- p.A145
Chapter F --- Evaluation questionnaire (additional section) for students --- p.A146
Chapter G --- Evaluation questionnaire for school principals and teachers
School 1 --- p.A151
School 2 --- p.A155
Chapter H --- Baseline survey result data from students --- p.A159
Chapter I --- Evaluation survey result data from students --- p.A190
Chapter J --- Evaluation survey result data from school principals and teachers --- p.A251

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Roman, Mike T. "I-Kiribati youth perceptions of HIV/AIDS and related risk behaviors." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28992.

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The Republic of Kiribati is one of the last countries to face the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Pacific. First appearing in the region in 1982, HIV/AIDS was recognized as a national concern during the late 90s. Partnering with the National AIDS Committee, research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods which included focus groups, surveys, personal interviews and quasi experiments. These methods were used to explore population and individual perceptions and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Once perceptions and behaviors were understood, HIV/AIDS was placed in a broader historical and social context. Placing the illness in these contexts, I examined how history and social environments influenced the spread of the virus. Focusing on youth, research exposed complex social structures which produced opportunities for varying levels of stigma, economic development, migration, education and modernity, all contributing to a systematic promotion and prevention of the spread of HI V/AIDS. Conclusions showed that gender roles, modernity, educational and economic opportunity, overpopulation, religious beliefs and limited resources contributed to greater amounts of high risk behaviors taken by individuals. Conversely, gender roles, religious beliefs, and modernity also assisted in the prevention of transmission.
Graduation date: 2006

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29

Völker, Fabian. "Prevalence of infectious risk factors during pregnancy: An infectiological snapshot of 180 pregnant women in a rural setting of Western Ghana." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3DC7-8.

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30

Herling, Allison M. "The pursuit of bright futures : delayed sexual debut, declining HIV prevalence, and the social construction of sexual attitudes, values, and norms among adolescents in Uganda." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29711.

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Uganda has experienced the largest decline of HIV prevalence of any country in the world, from a peak of 15% in 1991 to 5% today. In cooperation with community-based and faith-based organizations, the Ugandan government has pursued an AIDS prevention strategy centered on urging people to Abstain from sex, Be faithful to one partner, or use Condoms (the so-called ABC model). It is believed that the large drop in AIDS prevalence has been due to behavior change, especially reduction of number of sexual partners among adults and abstinence and delayed sexual debut among youth. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of Ugandan adolescent's attitudes and values towards relationships and sexuality, and the ways in which their social environment sends messages and creates perceived norms which shape sexual behavior, especially the behavior of abstinence. Focus groups were conducted with youth between the ages of 13 and 16 years in the districts of Soroti and Masaka. Youth discussed reasons for having relationships, both platonic and sexual; the benefits and risks of relationships; the proper age for boys and girls to initiate sexual relationships; messages they have received regarding sexuality and perceptions of family, peer, and community norms; and values regarding ideal sexual behavior. Youth expressed that the right age to begin having sex is 18 years and above, so that sex does not interfere with education and cause other adverse consequences such as early pregnancy, family strife, and infection with HIV/AIDS.
Graduation date: 2005

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31

Crowder, Sharron Johnson. "Illness representations and self-management behaviors of African American adolescents with asthma." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3617.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
African American adolescents have inadequate self-management behaviors, particularly during middle adolescence (14-16 years of age). Inaccurate beliefs, degree of asthma impairment (well controlled or not well controlled), and gender could influence asthma self-management (symptom management, medication management, and environmental control). The researcher used the illness representations concept from the common sense self-regulation model as the framework for this study. The descriptive correlational study explored (1) differences in illness representations (cognitive and emotional) and self-management behaviors by gender, asthma impairment, and gender by asthma impairment of African American adolescents with asthma; and (2) relationships between illness representations and asthma self-management behaviors, gender, and asthma impairment in 133 African American adolescents with asthma. Data were collected using the Asthma Control Test, the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised, and the Asthma Self-Care Practice Instrument. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, MANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple regressions. Findings indicated that females whose asthma was not well controlled had more beliefs about the chronicity of their asthma than those who were well controlled. However, there were no differences in such beliefs among males whose asthma was not well controlled from those who were well controlled. Well controlled adolescents differed from not well controlled adolescents for cognitive representations of cyclic timeline, treatment control, psychological attributes, and consequences as well as for emotional representations. There were no significant differences in the means of the self-management behaviors by gender, by asthma impairment, or by gender by asthma impairment. A significant bivariate relationship was found between representations of identity, consequences, treatment control, and symptom management. In the multiple regression model, representations of treatment control and consequences contributed to variances in symptom management; however, no other representations, gender, or asthma impairment variables were statistically significant. The representations, gender, and asthma impairment variables did not contribute to variances in medication management or environmental control. Limited studies have been conducted with African American adolescents with asthma; therefore, the findings will contribute information to the literature on their illness representations and self-management behaviors. The findings also contribute to the literature information based on adolescents' genders and levels of asthma impairment.

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32

Furry, Daba Banne. "Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291.

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BACKGROUND: Studies done in both developed and developing countries have reported the tendencies of adolescents to engage in risky behaviours. Such behaviours include indulging in early and unsafe sexual activities, having multiple sexual partners, alcohol and drug use and dropping out of school among others. PURPOSE: The main aim of the study was to develop intervention strategies for reducing sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia. METHODS: A mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed in order to investigate the risks of sexual practices among urban and rural adolescents in the selected area. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data quantitatively and focus group discussions were used for the qualitative part of data collection. A total of 449 students and 72 FGD participants were selected for quantitative and qualitative study respectively using systematic random sampling technique. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with knowledge on emergency contraceptive, condom utilisation, pre-marital sex practices and perception of risky sexual practices. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy (37.9%) respondents had experienced sexual intercourse at the time of the study. The higher proportion (42.6%) of those who had engaged in sexual relationships was from the rural school compared to 33.1% in the urban schools. The proportion of sexually active respondents was higher among males (44.8%) compared to (29%) females. Multiple partners were higher in rural adolescents (44.7%) compared to 31.8% among urban adolescents. Sexually Transmitted Diseases were reported by 28.6% of the sexually active adolescents and the prevalence was higher among males (73.5%) compared to 27% females. 87% of the sexually active adolescents rarely used a condom. CONCLUSION: The study identified a knowledge gap on ASRH which limited adolescents to access reproductive services. Social, cultural and economic factors contributed to adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviours. Based on the major findings of this study, intervention strategies targeting behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions were proposed.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

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33

Mashapha, Valeria Azwihangwisi. "The community's perceptions regarding adolescents sexual health in Tshiungani Village, Mutale Municipality of Limpopo Province." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/739.

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MCur
Department of Advanced Nursing Science
Background: Adolescent sexual health is fundamental to the physical and emotional health, and well-being of individuals, couples, and families, as well as the social and economic development of communities and countries. The purpose and the aim of this study was to explore and describe the community’s perceptions of adolescent sexual health in Mutale Municipality, Vhembe District of Limpopo Province. Methodology: The research design of this study was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The population comprised of every adult community member or resident of Tshiungani Village. Both genders were included in the sample. Parents and guardians of adolescents made up the sample. Data were collected by means of in-depth face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed qualitatively using Teschs’ qualitative analysis. Findings: The study involved six themes, six categories and nineteen sub-themes. The community expressed concerns related to degradation of cultural norms and values, change in family structure, effects of media, politics, religion and poverty as affecting adolescent sexual health. Conclusion: The study explored and described the perceptions of community members regarding adolescent sexual health although the findings could not be generalized as it represents only part of the population. Recommendations: The study recommended intense sexual health education and promotion at early primary phase, career guidance to enhance and promote selfesteem, parental and community involvement in assisting and engaging adolescents with life skills within communities.

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34

McDonald, Samantha M. "The effects of a S.M.A.R.T. goal setting and self-monitoring intervention on physical activity and fitness in middle school students." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31582.

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A large body of evidence suggests physical activity is inversely associated with several cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents. Despite these health benefits, a majority of youth are not meeting the physical activity guidelines set forth by the USDHHS. Schools have been identified as an ideal vehicle for interventions; however, research evidence indicates school-based interventions are not effective at increasing outside of school physical activity. Goal setting may be a potential effective strategy for increasing physical activity among youth; however no previous studies have examined the effects of goal setting on cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in middle school students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a S.M.A.R.T. goal setting and self-monitoring intervention on fitness and physical activity in middle school students. Two middle schools in Tallahassee, FL participated in this study. One school served as the intervention and the other served as a delayed intervention measurement only control. The students in the intervention school completed a one-time S.M.A.R.T. goal setting lesson. During the lesson, students were taught the definition of a goal, the importance of goal setting, and how to set S.M.A.R.T. goals. As part of the lesson, students completed a S.M.A.R.T. goal setting worksheet. The objectives of the worksheet activity were to teach students the concepts of S.M.A.R.T. goal setting and to apply this knowledge by creating personal fitness goals. Student fitness goals were entered into an interactive website that acted as a self-monitoring tool. Before and after the intervention, participating students completed a survey assessing student demographics, physical activity, and physical activity self-efficacy. Cardiorespiratory fitness levels, assessed by the PACER test, were also measured pre and post. Betweengroup differences in post-test scores, adjusted for baseline levels, were assessed for statistical significance using ANCOVA. Additional covariates included gender, race/ethnicity, grade level and weight status. After adjustment for baseline levels, students in the intervention school exhibited significantly higher PACER laps in comparison to the control school ((F[subscript (1,257)] = 58.0) p<0.0001)). The PACER scores in intervention school increased from 40.6 laps to 45.9 laps while the PACER scores in the comparison school decreased. There were no significant between-group differences for physical activity or self-efficacy Although these results require replication in larger studies using a group randomized study design and objective measures of physical activity, the results suggest that teaching students about S.M.A.R.T. goal setting may be a potentially effective strategy for increasing fitness in middle school students and worthy of further investigation
Graduation date: 2013

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35

Freitas, Engrácia da Glória Gomes de. "Adolescents' knowledge of contraception in a selected area in Angola." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/550.

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Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide problem. This study attempted to describe and explore the knowledge of female adolescents in Angola's knowledge with regard to contraception. The research results, obtained from interview schedules, revealed that the respondents lacked knowledge about themselves as adolescents as well as a lack of knowledge of their reproductive health and development. Furthermore, the results portrayed a lack of knowledge of contraceptives. The study findings may assist health care providers to identify educational programmes on contraception at schools, markets and in the community.
Health Studies
Thesis (M.A. (Health Studies))

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36

Matshediso, Ellah. "The facilitation of youth friendliness in a Youth Activity Centre (YAC) in Botswana." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2968.

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The concept of youth activity centre (YAC) has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the YAC in Botswana. Accordingly, the researcher explored and described the lived experience of young people utilising the YAC as well as the perceptions of service providers at the Mochudi Centre in the Kgatleng District, in Botswana. Furthermore, the objective was to develop and describe guidelines for the facilitation of youth-friendly services (YFS) at YAC. A phenomenological, qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used to extract young people’s experiences and perceptions of service providers. Thirty-two young people and 27 service providers (peer educators and service delivery officers [SDOs]) were purposefully selected. Methods of data collection used were unstructured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations in the forms of field notes. The data, mainly tape-recorded interviews and field notes were transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Tesch’s eight-step data analysis model (Creswell 1994:155) was used. One major theme, youth friendliness emerged with three categories, namely: physical, administrative, and psychological aspects of youth-friendly services. All the respondents indicated that they benefited and affirmed they were empowered and better people after using the facility. However, limited access to the facility by the target group due to location, cost of reaching the facility, and attitudes of service providers as well as failure to implement planned activities due to financial and staff shortage were obstacles to youth friendliness of the YAC. Based on the findings and literature review, the researcher developed guidelines to facilitate YFS and improved access to the YAC. Recommendations made are for practise in the YAC, education of SDOs and for further research.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

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37

Banana, Catrine. "An investigation into the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2342.

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The study sought to explore and describe the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo, their knowledge of HIV transmission and the sources of information on HIV transmission accessible to them. A quantitative, descriptive exploratory design was used and 238 youth from three secondary schools in Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe were the respondents. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to facilitate and acquire insight into the risk behaviour among the youth. The inferences drawn from the study were that youth have inadequate knowledge about HIV transmission and therefore do not fully understand their risk of infection. Youth also find shyness and fear of rejection serious barriers to communicating openly about sexuality, sexual and HIV/AIDS issues. The findings of the study have implications for programmes to limit HIV transmission among youth and should assist policymakers and educators in developing and implementing such programmes in order to improve the health of youth in Zimbabwe.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)

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38

Ndlovu, Proper. "Exploring food habits and nutritional behaviours in adolescents at a secondary school in South Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20145.

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Text in English
The purpose this study was to explore food habits and nutritional behaviours of adolescents in a school in Lenasia South, in Gauteng Province. Qualitative, explorative research was conducted in order to recommend effective prevention strategies of non-communicable diseases. Adolescents from the selected secondary school formed the sample of the study. Data collection was done using focus groups’ discussions. Three focus group discussions were conducted in the study. The first group comprised of thirteen male adolescents, followed by ten female adolescents and the final group was a combination of both female and male learners to produce a homogenous group. Specific common eating habits and nutritional behaviours emerged from the focus group discussions which included skipping meals, high consumption of high energy dense foods and sweetened beverages. Consequently, when developing intervention programs and policies to improve health of adolescents, environmental influences that undermine efforts to improve adolescent’s dietary behaviours must be addressed.
Health Studies
MPH (Health Studies)

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39

Ndzombane, Lindelwa. "An investigation of the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing by adolescents aged 15 to 19 at two integrated youth friendly service sites in Gauteng, South Africa." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8050.

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Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is at the core of HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment and care programmes. Timely access to treatment and related services requires knowledge of one‟s HIV status. Adolescents are at the epicentre of the HIV and AIDS pandemic. This study investigated the factors that influence adolescents‟ decisions to actively seek VCT. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with twelve adolescents aged 15 to 19 who were conveniently selected to participate in the study. The study found that adolescents have extensive knowledge regarding the benefits of VCT and acknowledge the need to test for HIV. However, fear of the consequences of testing positive for HIV such as stigmatisation by family and the community, inability to influence their partners to take an HIV test and the inability to make their own decisions and follow through on them still hinder their maximum uptake of VCT.
Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS

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40

Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang. "Knowledge, attitudes and perception regarding HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviours among senior secondary school learners in kumba, Cameroon." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3899.

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This study’s purpose was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS and condom use, and sexual behaviours among senior secondary school learners in Kumba, Cameroon using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the theoretical framework. The ultimate goal was to determine how at risk learners were of contracting HIV/AIDS. A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive, explorative and correlational research design was adapted; using self-designed questionnaires for data collection. Respondents were sampled through proportionally stratified simple random sampling resulting in 480 (240 male and 240 female) grade 10 to grade 12 learners from two participating high schools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using the SPSS version 12 software program. Most learners were knowledgeable about HIV transmission; the prevention of HIV/AIDS; and sexual risk behaviours pertaining to HIV transmission. Learners also manifested positive attitudes towards PLWHA. Most learners did not perceive themselves to be at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Up to 52,3% who were sexually active, only 30,0% used condoms consistently. The respondents knew about condoms, but had poor attitudes towards condom use. Most respondents received information on HIV/AIDS, condoms and sexuality from magazines/newspapers and teachers. The findings could assist policy makers, programme planners and educators in developing and implementing programmes to improve the health of adolescents. The perceived barriers to condom use and modifying factors should be addressed into consideration in designing any policy geared towards controlling risk exposure to HIV/AIDS among youths in Kumba, Cameroon.

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41

Silva, Maria da Conceicao Martins da. "Female adolescents' knowledge regarding the implications of pregnancy in Bengo area, Angola." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/557.

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This is a descriptive study with a quantitative, non-experimental and contextual design, with the objective of describing the knowledge of female adolescents with regards to the implications of pregnancy. The study took place in the Bengo Province, more specifically in the school of the suburb Bairro da AÃ§Ãºcareira and the sample was constituted by 100 female adolescents, within the age group 13 to 19 years. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of the sample. For the collection of data a structured questionnaire with closed questions was used. Based on the data obtained the researcher draws the following conclusion: there is a need to develop educational programmes pertaining to the consequences of pregnancy, not only for adolescents but also for the teachers and parents, as the respondents indicated that teachers and parents would be the ideal people for this type of discussion; on the other hand, and of extreme importance, there is a need for specific assistance to adolescents at health centers and hospitals of the province with regard to the lack of entertainment for adolescents in the province is also an aspect that deserves attention on the part of the government of the Province of Bengo.
Health Studies
M.A (Health Studies))

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42

Mokaba, Sekgero Akisa. "Perceptions of adolescent high school learners of HIV counselling and testing in Madibeng sub-district, North West Province." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18534.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions, attitudes, opinions and fears of the adolescent high school learners towards HIV counseling and testing at school.Quantitative, descriptive, exploratory research was conducted to determine if high school learners would like to be tested for HIV at school. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. The respondents in the study were daytime high school learners (n=120) who were in grade 8 to 12, between ages of 12 to 18 years of age. The study highlighted that adolescents engage in sexual activities at an early age. The results revealed that there is lack of knowledge, unavailability of HCT services for adolescents and the resources to keep a girl child school. This behavior may result in adolescents contracting sexually transmitted infections and HIV, falling pregnant at an early age, which may force adolescent high school learners to drop out of school. However, the study shows that government has more to educate adolescent high school learners about HIV/AIDS to modify their perceptions and attitudes towards HIV counseling and testing.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health studies)

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43

Govender, Dhanasagree. "Perceptions of young Indian adolescents in Chatsworth, towards HIV and AIDS." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22275.

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Text in English
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions’ of young Indian adolescents in Chatsworth, towards HIV and AIDS. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used. The participants were selected using judgemental purposive sampling. Nine participants were interviewed. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Data was collected through individual interviews guided by an interview schedule. The interpretative phenomenological analysis framework for data analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that participants were well informed about HIV and AIDS. Participants reported disinterest in HIV prevention programmes due to inundation with repetitive information; disinterested attitudes of facilitators of these programme as well as fear of social stigmatisation. The misconceptions that were highlighted were related to very little personal contact with people living with HIV and AIDS. Conclusions and Recommendations: These findings have revealed that there is a need for a revision in HIV/AIDS prevention programme. The HIV/AIDS school programmes should be contextual relevant to learners from diverse backgrounds and communities.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)

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44

Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/606.

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Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made.
Educational Studies
D.Ed.(Educational Management)

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Oyewale, Tajudeen Oyeyemi. "HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2125.

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The study sought to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria. The study noted that teachers were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and poor HIV/AIDS attitude persist. Among the respondents, statistically significant relationship exist between education qualification and knowledge of MTCT of HIV during pregnancy; between geographic location and the knowledge to clarify misconception about HIV transmission; between gender and the knowledge of condom use; and between the receipt of HIV/AIDS information or training on FLHE curriculum and the procedural knowledge of discussing / teaching sexuality and HIV/AIDS issues with fellow teachers or students. However, there is no statistical significant relationship between the teachings of HIV/AIDS issues and the feeling that HIV/AIDS education promotes sexual promiscuity.
Health Studies
MA (Public Health)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adolescence – Health and hygiene – Ghana'

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