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Azupogo, Fusta, Abdul-Razak Abizari, Elisabetta Aurino, Aulo Gelli, Saskia J. M. Osendarp, Hilde Bras, Edith J. M. Feskens, and Inge D. Brouwer. "Malnutrition, Hypertension Risk, and Correlates: An Analysis of the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey Data for 15–19 Years Adolescent Boys and Girls." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092737.
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The sex differences in malnutrition and hypertension during adolescence is largely inconclusive. There is also a paucity of data on the sex-specific correlates of malnutrition and hypertension for adolescents. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association between malnutrition, pre-hypertension/hypertension (PHH) and sex among adolescents. The study also aimed to determine and contrast the factors associated with these risks in Ghana. We analysed data of non-pregnant adolescent girls (n = 857) and adolescent boys (n = 870) aged 15–19 years from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). We modelled the prevalence risk ratio (PRR) of malnutrition and PHH using Cox proportional hazard models. Compared to adolescent girls, boys were more than twice likely to be stunted (PRR = 2.58, 95% C.I (1.77, 3.76)) and underweight (PRR = 2.67, 95% C.I (1.41, 5.09)) but less likely to be overweight/obese (PRR = 0.85, 95% C.I (0.08, 0.29)). Boys were also about twice likely to have PHH (PRR = 1.96, 95% C.I (1.47, 2.59)) compared to their female peers. Girls were more at risk of the detrimental effects of poor education on stunting and PHH. Empowerment index while protective of stunting for girls (PRR = 0.82, 95% C.I (0.67, 0.99)) also increased their risk of overweight/obesity (PRR = 1.31, 95% C.I (1.02, 1.68)). A higher household wealth index (HWI) increased the risk of overweight/obesity for adolescent girls but was protective of stunting and PHH for adolescent boys. Improvement in household water, hygiene, and sanitation (WASH) reduced the risk of stunting by 15% for adolescent boys. Overall, our findings suggest a double-burden of malnutrition with an up-coming non-communicable disease burden for adolescents in Ghana. Our findings may also be highlighting the need to target adolescent boys alongside girls in nutrition and health intervention programmes.
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Nsemo, Alberta David, Idang Neji Ojong, Ramatu Agambire, Regina Adu, and Mercy Dankwah. "Menstrual Hygiene Practices Among Adolescent Girls in Junior High Schools in Selected Communities of Ashanti Region, Ghana." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 8 (May 29, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n8p38.
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INTRODUCTION: Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females and menstrual hygiene is still a problem for adolescent girls especially in low and middle income countries particularly when attending school. This issue is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention in the reproductive health sectors in developing countries including Ghana and its relationship with the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls, the cultural beliefs that influence menstrual hygiene practices, and the problems adolescent girls face in practicing menstrual hygiene.
METHODOLOGY: A quantitative research method using descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed in the study. Using a multi-staged sampling technique, a sample size of 151 adolescents in Juniors High schools who had reached menarche was selected from four (4) schools located in Asamang, Sekyere south District of Ashanti region of Ghana. Data was collected through a researchers’ constructed and validated questionnaire titled “Adolescents knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene questionnaire (AKPMHQ)”. Data was analysed using simple frequencies and percentages.
RESULTS: The study revealed that 68(45%) of the girls were in the Junior High School three (JHS3) and 88(58.5%) of them ranged between 14-15 years. Most of them (74.2%) had pre-menarche education given by their family members. Most of the parents 94(62.3%) had secondary education. Majority of the girls practiced good menstrual hygiene. Their culture does not exert much influence on their knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene. However, there were some myths which are not scientifically based. Most of the girls experience some challenges during menstruation such as lower abdominal pain 77(51.0%) and unavailability of facility in school to change during menstruation 61(40.4%).
CONCLUSION: The adolescent girls are knowledgeable about menstrual hygiene and also have good menstrual hygiene practices. However, there exist few cultural practices in the community that may have negative effect on their knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene in the midst of some physical and social challenges experienced by the adolescents during menstruation.
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Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Hubert Amu, Tarif Salihu, John Elvis Hagan, Ebenezer Agbaglo, Abigail Amoah, Eric Abodey, Margaret Abokoma Boateng, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hygiene Behaviours among In-School Adolescents in Ghana." J 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4020014.
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(1) Background: Despite a global call to act to resolve communicable diseases caused by lack of clean water, sanitation, and hygiene, many people in low- and middle-income countries continue to die each year. In this study, we looked at in-school adolescents’ oral and hand hygiene activities in Ghana, as well as the factors that influence them. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilised data on 1348 in-school adolescents from the 2012 global school-based health survey. Using Stata software version 14.2, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. All statistical analyses were considered significant at p-value < 0.05. (3) Results: The prevalence of good hygiene behaviour was 62.6% and 79.9% for good oral hygiene and good hand hygiene, respectively. In-school adolescents who were truant were 31% (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92) and 28% (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.87), respectively, less likely to practise good hand and oral hygiene compared to those who were not. Adolescents whose parents supervised their homework, however, had higher probabilities of practising good hand (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.64–2.31) and oral (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.80–3.04) hygiene respectively. Adolescents aged 18 years and above were 1.33 times more likely to practice good oral hygiene than younger adolescents (AOR=1.33, 95% CI = 1.07–1.66). Adolescents who were bullied had lower odds of practicing good hand hygiene (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.94). (4) Conclusions: While good hygiene behaviour remains a major strategy in decreasing the prevalence of communicable diseases, the less than 65% prevalence of hand hygiene we observed in the current study is indicative of the country’s inability to achieve water, hygiene and sanitation for all by the year 2030. To accelerate progress towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, there is a need for the implementation of innovative interventions which seek to promote good hygiene behaviours among adolescents and the expansion of existing interventions, such as the WASH initiative, in schools. Such interventions should focus more on younger adolescents, those who are truant, and adolescents who suffer from bullying in school.
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Baku, Elizabeth AKu, Isaac Agbemafle, Agnes Millicent Kotoh, and Richard M. K. Adanu. "Parents’ Experiences and Sexual Topics Discussed with Adolescents in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana: A Qualitative Study." Advances in Public Health 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5784902.
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Background. Traditionally, discussion about sexuality is subdued in proverbs and is earmarked for adults. However, adolescents also need information about their sexuality to make informed choices regarding sexual behaviours. This study, therefore, seeks to explore the experiences of parents discussing sexuality topics with adolescents in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana. Methods. This was a qualitative study that used focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to assess parents’ experiences in discussing sexuality topics with adolescents. The FGDs, consisting of 8-12 parents each, were conducted for one “all fathers”, then another “all mothers”, and finally “fathers and mothers” groups. Parents who were not part of the FGDs were engaged in IDIs. The data was transcribed and analyzed manually. Results. Most of the parent-adolescent sexual discussions were based on physical changes, personal hygiene, abstinence, abortion, and saying “no” to forced sex. Parents discussed sexuality issues with adolescents to prevent them from premarital sex, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. Parents sourced their knowledge about sexuality from books, television, radio, and personal experiences. Parents always seize opportunities such as television scenes to discuss sexual topics with their children. Although some parents expressed some level of comfort discussing sexual topics with adolescents, many still had difficulties explaining some terminologies related to sex. Preferentially, parents were protective of their girls than the boys when discussing issues on sexuality. Most parents received no sexuality education from their parents but a few reminisced precautionary advices on sex. Parents believed training on sexuality issues will help them to better discuss sexual topics with adolescents. Conclusions. Ghanaian parents preferentially discuss sex with their daughters as a protective tool against irresponsible sexual behaviours. Parents still have challenges discussing adolescent sexuality topics; hence equipping parents to effectively discuss such sensitive topics will improve adolescent reproductive health and sexual behaviour.
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Baku, Elizabeth Aku, Victor Adrakpanya, Kennedy Diema Konlan, and Peter Adatara. "Menstrual hygiene management among girls at a peri-urban senior high school in the Volta Region, Ghana." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2018.0020.
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Background Young women and adolescent girls experience many challenges in their lives related to sanitation, hygiene, and menstruation. These challenges are often seen in a school setting and are more intense in peri-urban areas, where the infrastructure in educational institutions is often outpaced by the population, generating poor sanitary conditions. This can lead to adolescent girls contracting reproductive tract infections, such as candidiasis, as a result of poor menstrual hygiene. This study assessed menstrual hygiene management among students at a senior high school in the Volta Region, Ghana, in order to identify improvements to be made by school authorities to improve the health and comfort of students during menstruation. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 265 students aged 13–22 years, who had attained menarche. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data on their menstruation knowledge and practices, and the available sanitary facilities for menstrual hygiene management in the school. This was followed by an evaluation of the available facilities using a survey process. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to test the association between a student's year group and their knowledge and practices. Results The majority of the girls had accurate knowledge on menstruation (52.8% reported the correct length of a woman's menses, 74.7% correctly reported that a woman's menses comes once a month). However, the majority (63%) of participants reported the belief that menstrual blood is unhygienic and this belief was significantly associated with year group (P<0.00). When reporting on their practices during menstruation, the majority (76.2%) bathed twice a day and most (47.2%) changed their sanitary product twice a day. The frequency of these practices was significantly associated with year group (P=0.017 and P≤0.00, respectively). Only one-third (33.6%) of girls reported always having access to water for washing when menstruating and only 24.9% reported always having access to soap. The survey of facilities revealed that there was no handwashing facility in the school. Conclusions There is a need for Ghanaian educational institutions to provide proper sanitary facilities and for parents to provide sanitary pads or towels, which will allow girls who are menstruating to be comfortable and free of reproductive health infections. To achieve this, school authorities should be educated on the importance of providing the necessary sanitary facilities and parents should be educated on the necessity of provision of sanitary pads.
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Rampalli, Krystal, Christine Blake, Edward Frongillo, Kenneth Erickson, and Amos Laar. "Perspectives of Urban Ghanaian Adolescents on Healthy Eating Habits." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab043_016.
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Abstract Objectives Adolescents are vulnerable to diet-related health risks as they experience major life changes alongside food environment changes. In Ghana, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising, and there is a need to understand what, how and why adolescents eat the way they do. This study explored perspectives of adolescents about healthy and unhealthy eating and relationships to portion sizes. Methods The Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for NCDs (MEALS4NCDs) Project is measuring the nature and extent of unhealthy food marketing to support public sector actions to create healthier food environments for Ghanaian children. In July-August 2020, 48 interviews with students (14–17 years old) in six districts across the Greater Accra Region were conducted in schools. Interviews were done in English, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded with NVivo12 using a thematic analysis. Results All students demonstrated basic nutrition knowledge and conceptualized healthy eating as “not eating too much”, “a balanced diet,” “not eating late,” and “not eating cold foods.” Connections between NCDs and consumption of foods high in fat, sugar, and salt were rarely made. All students consumed items contrary to what was described as a healthy diet. Students expressed food safety as indicative of healthy food, emphasizing food prepared in a “hygienic environment by a hygienic person,” “a hot temperature,” and “covered.” Participants did not understand portion sizes beyond “too much of anything is bad” and most stated contexts where they would consume smaller or larger portion sizes, such as around strangers (less) or unsure of next meal (more). Participants admitted that peer pressure and food advertising claims informed their food choices and showed minimal knowledge of marketing tactics. Students voiced their limited agency in food choice decisions, citing financial and cultural constraints. Conclusions Students had some nutrition knowledge but limited agency to apply it in daily food choices. Interventions should include educating students and parents on diet-related NCDs and deceptive marketing tactics that promote unhealthy foods. Funding Sources International Development Research Centre's Food, Environment & Health Programme, IDRC-Canada. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina.
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Abuosi, Aaron Asibi, Samuel Kaba Akoriyea, Gloria Ntow-Kummi, Joseph Akanuwe, Patience Aseweh Abor, Anita Anima Daniels, and Robert Kaba Alhassan. "Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ghana’s health care institutions: An observational study." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 25, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043520958579.
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Objective To assess hand hygiene compliance in selected primary hospitals in Ghana. Design A cross-sectional health facility-based observational study was conducted in primary health care facilities in five regions in Ghana. A total of 546 healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, midwives and laboratory personnel from 106 health facilities participated in the study. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures included availability of hand hygiene materials and alcohol job aids; compliance with moments of hand hygiene; and compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing. These were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results The mean availability of hand hygiene material and alcohol job aids was 75% and 71% respectively. This was described as moderately high, but less desirable. The mean hand hygiene compliance with moments of hand hygiene was 51%, which was also described asmoderately high, but less desirable. It was observed that, generally, hand hygiene was performed after procedures than before. However, the mean compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing was 86%, which was described as high and desirable. Conclusion Healthcare workers are generally competent in performance of hygienic hand washing. However, this does not seem to influence compliance with moments of hand hygiene. Efforts must therefore be made to translate the competence of healthcare workers in hygienic hand washing into willingness to comply with moments of hand hygiene, especially contact with patients.
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Sharma, Shantanu, Faiyaz Akhtar, Rajesh Kumar Singh, and Sunil Mehra. "Comparing Reproductive Health Awareness, Nutrition, and Hygiene among Early and Late Adolescents from Marginalized Populations of India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080980.
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Adolescence (10–19 years) is marked by many physiological changes and is vulnerable to health and nutritional problems. Adolescence, particularly, early adolescence is inadequately addressed in our national surveys. The present study aimed to assess the reproductive health awareness, nutrition, and hygiene of marginalized adolescent girls and boys and compare them among early and late adolescents. Our cross-sectional study was a part of a community-based project across India’s five zones, namely North, East, West, Central, and South. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression was performed to compare awareness about HIV/AIDS, or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), consumption of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets and three meals in a day, safe menstrual hygiene practices, history of anemia, and open defecation practice among early and late adolescents. Data were reported as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Among early adolescents, around 58% of girls and boys did not consume IFA tablets, and 28% of girls and 24% of boys defecated in the open. Compared to late adolescents, early adolescent girls had lower odds of awareness about HIV/AIDS (aOR (95% CI): 0.50 (0.47–0.54)) and open defecation (aOR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.83–0.98)) and higher odds of hand hygiene after defecation (aOR (95% CI): 1.52 (1.37–1.68)) and safe menstrual practices (aOR (95% CI): 1.42 (1.23–1.64)). There is a dire need to start public health interventions from early adolescence for long-term benefits throughout adolescence.
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Gaferi, Sharifa M., Manal F. Al-Harbi, Sahar M. Yakout, and Aziza T. Soliman. "Knowledge, attitude and practice related to reproductive health among female adolescents." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 8, no. 8 (March 27, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n8p53.
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Objective: Reproductive health (RH) is a crucial aspect of general health; it is a reflection of health during adolescence and adulthood. The period of adolescence in females is a period of physical and psychological preparation for safe motherhood. As direct reproducers, adolescent girls’ health influences not only their own health but also the health of the future generation. This study aimed to assess knowledge, hygiene practices during menses, and attitudes of female adolescents in Riyadh female secondary schools regarding RH aspects.Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study conducted on 350 female students selected from governmental secondary schools in Riyadh using multistage random sample type. Two tools were used for data collection in the current study: a self-administered questionnaire and an Attitudinal Assessment scale.Results: The findings showed that more than two-thirds (66.3%) of the participants had inaccurate knowledge, while about one-third (33.7%) of them had correct knowledge regarding RH. With respect to overall hygiene practices during menstruation, about 95.4% had correct menstruation hygiene practice, while only 4.6% had incorrect practices. The majority (88.3%) of students had positive attitudes regarding RH, while only 11.7% had negative attitudes. Mothers are a vital source of information regarding RH.Conclusions: The present study concluded that female adolescents had unsatisfactory knowledge, inadequate hygiene practices, and positive attitudes toward RH. It is recommended to improve adolescents’ knowledge regarding RH issues and involve their parents and teachers to provide appropriate education related to RH issues.
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Korang-Yeboah, Bright, and Rebecca Buobi. "Working conditions and employee’s productivity: Evidence from a health centre in Ghana." Journal of Management Info 8, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v8i1.1736.
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The purpose of the study was to identify the types of working conditions at the Beposo Health Centre, the nature of their working conditions and the effects of hygiene factors on employees’ productivity. Data were drawn from 33 employees of the Health Centre using a questionnaire and analyzed using Predictive Analytical Software to determine the frequency and mean. The study found that employees at the health centre were provided with job security, work-life balance, occupational health and safety and workload. It also ascertained that the physical work environment was not comfortable for the employees although they were provided a considerable amount of workload and high job security. Also, it was revealed that noisy environment, stress and absence of work-life balance were some hygiene factors that affected employees’ productivity. This study has implications for the development of procedures and measures to improve employees working conditions and productivity in the developing country context.
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Blay, Daniel, Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, and Ola Haugejorden. "Oral hygiene and sugar consumption among urban and rural adolescents in Ghana." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 28, no. 6 (December 2000): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.028006443.x.
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Adzovie, Rita Holm, and Daniel Edem Adzovie. "Family Communication Patterns and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: Experiences from Coastal Communities in Ghana." Technium Social Sciences Journal 9 (July 9, 2020): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v9i1.1175.
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A good understanding of human growth and development helps in the smooth transition of an individual from one stage to another. One of such stages is adolescence, which presents a lot of challenges as well as opportunities. There are differences in the extent to which families encourage conversation, the extent to which they demand conformity to family values as well as the extent to which families pass down strongly held family values from one generation to another, regarding changes that occur during adolescence. The study examines Parent-Child Communication Patterns between parents and adolescents in coastal communities in Ghana. Also, the study explored the effects of parent-child communication related to sexual and reproductive health in improving adolescent sexual reproductive health practices in Ghana. Data was collected from 300 adolescents in selected coastal communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana. We found that many parents in the coastal communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis are unable to transmit SRH information to their children. The findings also revealed that level of formal education influenced parents’ ability to transmit SRH information to adolescents and exposes poor parent-adolescent relationship regarding SRH information in the communities studied. Aside from contributing to literature and informing policy directions on family communication patterns regarding adolescent SRH, the study brings more insight on how parents and their adolescents along coastal communities in Cape Coast, Ghana communicate SRH issues. Implications for counselling are outlined.
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Yawson, Alfred Edwin, and Afua A. J. Hesse. "Hand hygiene practices and resources in a teaching hospital in Ghana." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 04 (April 17, 2013): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2422.
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Introduction: Nosocomial infections have long been neglected in Sub-Saharan Africa, and hand hygiene (HH) is usually neglected in hospital settings. This study aimed to provide baseline data on HH compliance among health workers and HH resources in a large West African teaching hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional, unobtrusive observational study assessed personal and care-related HH compliance among doctors and nurses and HH resources in 15 service provision centres of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana, in 2011. Data was collected with an infection prevention checklist and health worker HH compliance form, based on World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Care-related HH compliance of doctors and nurses was low and basic HH resources were deficient in all 15 service centres. Care-related HH compliance among doctors ranged from 9.2% to 57% and 9.6% to 54% among nurses. HH compliance was higher when risk was perceived to be higher (i.e., in the emergency and wound dressing/treatment rooms and labour wards). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) showed the highest level of compliance among health workers. Facilities for HH, particularly alcohol hand rub and liquid soap dispensers were shown to be deficient. Conclusion: Care-related HH compliance among doctors and nurses in this large West African hospital is low; however, the NICU, which had implemented HH interventions, had better HH compliance. HH intervention programs should be designed and promoted in all service centres. Also, the introduction of alcohol-based hand rubs as an accessible and effective HH alternative in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital is recommended.
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Rossouw, Laura, and Hana Ross. "Understanding Period Poverty: Socio-Economic Inequalities in Menstrual Hygiene Management in Eight Low- and Middle-Income Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052571.
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Menstrual hygiene management and health is increasingly gaining policy importance in a bid to promote dignity, gender equality and reproductive health. Effective and adequate menstrual hygiene management requires women and girls to have access to their menstrual health materials and products of choice, but also extends into having private, clean and safe spaces for using these materials. The paper provides empirical evidence of the inequality in menstrual hygiene management in Kinshasa (DRC), Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Rajasthan (India), Indonesia, Nigeria and Uganda using concentration indices and decomposition methods. There is consistent evidence of wealth-related inequality in the conditions of menstrual hygiene management spaces as well as access to sanitary pads across all countries. Wealth, education, the rural-urban divide and infrastructural limitations of the household are major contributors to these inequalities. While wealth is identified as one of the key drivers of unequal access to menstrual hygiene management, other socio-economic, environmental and household factors require urgent policy attention. This specifically includes the lack of safe MHM spaces which threaten the health and dignity of women and girls.
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ADDY, M., M. L. HUNTER, A. KINGDON, P. M. H. DUMMER, and W. C. SHAW. "An 8-year study of changes in oral hygiene and periodontal health during adolescence." International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263x.1994.tb00108.x.
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Scott, B., V. Curtis, T. Rabie, and N. Garbrah-Aidoo. "Health in our hands, but not in our heads: understanding hygiene motivation in Ghana." Health Policy and Planning 22, no. 4 (May 25, 2007): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czm016.
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Abass, Kabila, Alfred Foster Senior Owusu, and Razak M. Gyasi. "Market vegetable hygiene practices and health risk perceptions of vegetable sellers in urban Ghana." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 29, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2018.1535057.
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Bigson, Kate, Edward Ken Essuman, and Comfort Worna Lotse. "Food Hygiene Practices at the Ghana School Feeding Programme in Wa and Cape Coast Cities." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9083716.
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Objective. The integrity and the wholesomeness of the food served to school pupils cannot be overlooked, especially when one considers the magnitude of health and sanitation issues that are plaguing the West African nations. This study aimed to investigate some of the personal hygiene practices by the pupils and the hygienic conditions in which food is cooked and served to these school-going children under the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP). Design. A cross-sectional and descriptive survey research designs were used in the study. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting participants. Participants. There were 720 respondents for the study, comprising 600 pupils, 60 teachers, and 60 kitchen staff members from 20 schools. Information was obtained using questionnaire, observation, and unstructured interview instruments. Results. Findings from the study revealed that the majority of pupils (92% in Wa and 65% in Cape Coast) did not wash their hands with soap under running water. No hand washing centers for pupils were also seen in most of the schools studied. Majority of the cooks did not have health certificate, and neither had attended any in-service training in two years. In both Wa and Cape Coast municipal schools, none of the kitchen staff admitted that pupils and teachers ever complained about the meals they served to the pupils. Conclusion. The GSFP in basic schools forms part of the integral diet of the school children; hence, provision of good quality food can affect the health, learning, and physical activities of these children. Observational checklist revealed that most of the kitchen staff do not strictly adhere to basic food hygiene practices, and this affects the wholesomeness of the food served to the children. There is, therefore, a need for kitchen staff training on hygiene and food preparation practices.
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Dumbre, Dipali, and Seeta Devi. "Effect of Educational Intervention on Menstrual Hygiene on Knowledge, Perception and Practices of Adolescence Girls." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 7 (2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01809.6.
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Abe, Masanobu, Akihisa Mitani, Kazuto Hoshi, and Shintaro Yanagimoto. "Large Gender Gap in Oral Hygiene Behavior and Its Impact on Gingival Health in Late Adolescence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124394.
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Background: Epidemiologic studies provide broad-based evidence that males are at greater risk of severe periodontal diseases than females. Our recent findings further revealed that male gender was an independent risk factor for gingival bleeding in late adolescents in Japan. Gingival health status has been reported to be affected by oral hygiene behavior. However, gender difference in this regard has not yet been clarified. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of mandatory medical questionnaires administered as part of a legally required freshman medical checkup between April 2017 and 2019 at the University of Tokyo. Results: Among a total of 9376 sets of responses, chosen subjects were 9098 students aged 17–19. For frequency of daily brushing, males brushed less frequently than females (p < 0.001): 1 time or less (male: 22.9%, female: 11.2%), twice (65.0%, 69.2%), 3 times or more (12.1%, 19.6%). For the duration of brushing each time, males brushed for a shorter period of time than females (p = 0.005): 1 min or less (male: 17.2%, female: 14.1%), 2–3 min (46.9%, 49.2%), 4 min or more (35.9%, 36.7%). (1) Male gender, (2) lower frequency of daily brushing and (3) shorter duration of brushing each time, were significantly associated with the presence of gingival bleeding (p < 0.001 for all). Multivariate regression analysis showed that: (1) male gender (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.44); (2) frequency of daily brushing: 1 time or less (2.36, 2.02–2.76), twice (1.45, 1.27–1.67); and (3) brushing duration each time: 1 min or less (1.57, 1.39–1.78), 2–3 min (1.26, 1.14–1.39), were independent risk factors for gingival bleeding (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Males showed poorer oral hygiene behavior than females in late adolescents in Japan. Male gender was an independent risk factor for gingival bleeding, as well as poor oral hygiene behavior.
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Odonkor, Stephen T., Jones Kitcher, Mavis Okyere, and Tahiru Mahami. "Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana." BioMed Research International 2019 (August 4, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3868537.
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Introduction. Personal hygiene is essential to the current paradigm shift towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine, which enables the prediction and prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. Objective. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the personal hygiene practices among university students aiming at providing a basis for preventive and predictive medical interventions and to make future efforts improve target interventions for young people. Methods. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Validated instruments that related personal hygiene practices were used to obtain quantitative data from 412 tertiary students from seven universities in Accra, Ghana. The resulting data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS, version 23. Results. There were more female respondents (54.4%) in the study than male respondents (45.6%). Respondents between the age group of 19-24 years constituted majority (59.7%) of the respondents in the study. Respondents from urban areas exhibited good hygiene practice compared to those from urban residences. There was a significant association between residence and hygiene practice (χ2=17.8, P≤0.001). We also observed that those respondents within the upper class in society had a poor hygiene practice, compared to the Lower Class and Middle Class respondents. Lack of education (63.1%) was observed as the main barrier to personal hygiene among the respondents. Future of the society depends on the health of its youth. Conclusion. A significant number of students are not actively practicing good hygiene. There is a need for deployment of preventive medicine interventions targeted at young people. It calls for improvement in methods of hygiene education for young people in tertiary institutions and the inclusion of hygiene in school curricula.
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Ameade, Evans Paul Kwame, and Helene Akpene Garti. "Relationship between Female University Students’ Knowledge on Menstruation and Their Menstrual Hygiene Practices: A Study in Tamale, Ghana." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1056235.
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Positive perception about menstruation and good menstrual hygiene practice safeguards the health of postpubescent females by reducing their vulnerability to reproductive and urinary tract infections. Using a questionnaire, a cross-sectional study involving 293 randomly selected female undergraduate students in northern Ghana assessed the relationship between knowledge on menstruation and the practice of safe menstrual hygiene. Data collected was analyzed using GraphPad 5.01. This study found that although majority of respondents (73.4%) were aware of menstruation before menarche, most of them experienced fear and panic when it occurred. Mothers were the first to be informed when menstruation occurred, although teachers first provided them knowledge on menstruation. Respondents’ knowledge on menstruation was average (57.3%) but their menstrual hygiene practice was good (80.2%). Age (p=0.005) and course of study (p=0.0008) significantly influenced respondents’ knowledge on menstruation with older students as well as the medical and midwifery students being most knowledgeable. Muslim rather than Christian female students practiced better menstrual hygiene (p=0.0001). Average knowledge score on menstruation indicated a deficit of knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. Increasing knowledge on menstruation had a positive and significant effect on practice of good menstrual hygiene.
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Fianko, Joseph Richmond, and Josephine Akosua Gawu. "Evaluation of hand hygiene behaviour in basic schools in Ghana: a case study of the Ablekuma Central Municipality in the greater region of Ghana." Health Education Research 35, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa017.
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Abstract Hand washing is effective for the prevention and transmission of pathogens but washing with water only is not effective at reducing contamination. The study focussed on the evaluation of hand washing behaviour in Basic schools (Primary and Junior High Schools) in Ghana. Results of the study revealed that 75% of responding schools have hand washing stands to promote hand washing with soap. Sixty percent of the hand washing facilities were functional at the time of the study in the schools. Hand washing facilities were found to be inadequate as most of the schools lacked running water and soap for hand washing. The school children (72%) were found to have knowledge on hand hygiene. The school children were aware that they can get cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, stomach cramps and pains when they do not wash their hands with soap. Majority (68.2%) of school children reported that washing hands after defecation is important but only 17.5% reported actually follow this practice. The school children (51%) reported washing their hands before eating. Many of the schools did not have toilet facilities for the school children. The school children (35%) learnt hand washing from their parents and 60% from the teachers.
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Jeil, Emmanuel Bintaayi, and Kabila Abass. "A contextual analysis of public health implications of water choices and hygiene practices in Northern Ghana." Local Environment 26, no. 5 (March 18, 2021): 542–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2021.1901269.
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D., Sridhar, and Gauthami N. "Menstrual health status and cultural practices of tribal adolescent girls." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 4120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174648.
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Background: Adolescence in the life cycle of a Homosapien organism is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. The word ‘Adolescent’ has been derived from Latin word ‘Adolescere’ which means ‘to grow to maturity’. The children from the poor scheduled tribes families are not being sent to school because of the tendency of some parents to utilize their services in augmenting their family income. Therefore a provision for educational opportunities forms a very important part of the programme for the welfare of the scheduled tribes. The aim of the present study was to observe menstrual health of the tribal adolescent girls and to describe cultural factors on study population.Methods: Community based cross sectional descriptive study done on 425 tribal adolescent girls residing in 18 habitations of Achampet mandal. Pre designed pre tested semi structured schedule applied on the subjects after a written informed consent.Results: Out of 425 study subjects majority 178 (41.9%) were from early adolescent age i.e. 10-13 years, followed by 144 (33.9%) from mid adolescent age i.e., 14-15 years and 103 (24.2%) from late adolescent age i.e. 16-19 years. Majority illiterate subjects (55.1%) menstrual hygiene was non sanitary. Subjects who had illiterate mothers their menstrual hygiene was non sanitary way (55.1%). Girls in joint families were having sanitary menstrual hygiene.Conclusions: Present study showed education and awareness play key role in maintaining menstrual hygiene. Hygiene education is supposed to be given at all levels. Bad cultural practices supposed be addressed at community level with intervention.
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Amegah, Kingsley E., Henry O. Addo, Mary E. Ashinyo, Loveland Fiagbe, Serene Akpanya, Samuel K. Akoriyea, and S. Dajan Dubik. "Determinants of Hand Hygiene Practice at Critical Times among Food Handlers in Educational Institutions of the Sagnarigu Municipality of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study." Environmental Health Insights 14 (January 2020): 117863022096041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220960418.
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Introduction: Food handlers’ hands serve as a vehicle for potential foodborne pathogenic contamination which constitutes a public health risk. In Ghana, there are always constant reports of outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools. However, determinants of hand hygiene practice among educational institutions food handlers are little known. The study, therefore, aimed to assess the determinants of hand hygiene practice at critical times among educational institutions’ food handlers in the Sagnarigu Municipality of Ghana. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey among educational institutions food handlers in the Sagnarigu Municipality. Two hundred and six food handlers were selected through convenience sampling in the educational institutions. At the same time, structured questions that were developed from previous studies were used to assess food handlers’ hand hygiene practice at critical times. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models. All variables with their respective confidence intervals (95%) and adjusted odds ratios were declared significant at P-values less than .05. Results: Hand hygiene practice at critical times among the food handlers were relatively good at a rating of 66.0% (95% CI: 59.1, 72.5%). Good hand hygiene practice at critical times was less likely among food handlers with no food safety training (AOR 0.04; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.41) and food handlers who had insufficient knowledge of hand hygiene (AOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01, 0.25). Good hygiene practice at critical times was 99% lower in food handlers with a negative attitude as compared to food handlers with positive attitudes towards hand hygiene at critical times (AOR 0.01; 95% CI 0.00, 0.07). Only 17.0% of the food handlers demonstrated proper handwashing techniques, whereas a good number (85.4%) of the food handlers did not wash their hands after touching money. Conclusion: Good hand hygiene practice at critical times was relatively good. Food safety training, knowledge of hand hygiene and attitudes towards hand hygiene were independent predictors of hand hygiene practice at critical times. Concerned stakeholders and organizations should focus on WASH interventions that seek to improve educational institutions food handlers’ knowledge and attitudes towards hand hygiene, coupled with training on food safety.
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Kailasraj, Kanchanaganga Hassan, Vidya Basavaraju, Jayanth Kumar, and Shashikala Manjunatha. "A study of knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls in rural and urban field practice area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200446.
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Background: The word adolescent is derived from Latin word adolescence which means to grow into maturity. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. WHO has defined adolescence as the age group 10-19 years. These are formative years when maximum amount of physical, psychological, developmental and behavioral changes take place. In India adolescent girls accounts for a little more than one- fifth of the population. The onset on menstruation is one of the most important changes occurring among the girls during the adolescent years. The event of menarche may be associated with taboos and myths existing in our traditional society which has a negative implication for women’s health, particularly their menstrual hygiene. Women having better knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene and safe practices are less vulnerable to reproductive tract infections.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample size of 184 is obtained in each group and rounded off to 190 (urban and rural schools). The duration of the study was for 5 months among adolescent high school girls in randomly selected schools.Results: The mean age of urban girls was 12.87±0.94 years whereas rural girls it was 12.85±0.86 years. Among 380 study subjects 43.4% were aware about menstruation before attaining menarche, 62.4% were aware that menstruation is a natural process. Majority of study subjects (58.9%) were using sanitary pads during menstruation and 46.8% of study subject’s changes absorbents twice a day. Conclusion: Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent high school girls is better in rural area as compared to urban adolescent high school girls.
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Daaj, Sally T., and Zainab A. Al Dahan. "The impact of an Oral Health Education (OHE) program by teachers and mothers on adolescents' oral health." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 30, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v30i4.2555.
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Background: Adolescence is one of the most dynamic stages of human development. However, Oral health is an integral part of public health, significantly impacts on the quality of life. OHE program is an important issue that should be given to them. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health outcomes on adolescents' oral health by teachers and mothers Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in seven schools of Diyala - Baquba city. This 14-weeks duration study assessed the effectiveness of school OHE program on oral hygiene status, gingival health, and halitosis assessment of 80, 12 year-old, both genders of school adolescents. From the selected schools, one group was supervised by the teachers and the other was supervised by the mothers. General and oral health assessments were evaluated using a questionnaire. A three days training workshop was organized for the teachers and mothers. Oral hygiene, gingival health, and halitosis assessment were assessed using plaque indices, gingival indices and halitosis scores respectively. the resulting data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Plaque, gingival and halitosis scores reductions were highly significant. Results recorded gingival index, and halitosis scores were lower among the teacher-led group compared to the mother-led group. Statistically, high significant differences were found (P< 0.01).But there is no significant differences were noticed between the groups for plaque index (p>0.05). Conclusions: The OHE program was effective in teacher-led group than mother-led group in improving oral hygiene status, gingival health and halitosis scores of adolescents.
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Yilmaz, Siobhan K., Alok K. Bohara, and Swati Thapa. "The Stressor in Adolescence of Menstruation: Coping Strategies, Emotional Stress & Impacts on School Absences among Young Women in Nepal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178894.
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Throughout the developing world, girls face hardships surrounding menstruation, often resulting in poor emotional wellbeing and missing school. Providing ways to keep girls in school will increase their educational and earning potentials, which will ultimately trickle down to improving the economic standing of nations in the next generation. Informed by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, this work evaluates the roles that cultural and school environments play in appraisals of menstruation as a major life stressor for adolescent females and the impacts of emotional stress on missing school. Using primary survey data from schools in Nepal, robust results are found to support the theoretical framework based on conditional mixed-process (CMP) estimation with fixed effects, utilizing multiple index building techniques. Strong cultural norms during menstruation appear to increase the probability of girls self-reporting emotional stress, while the presence of hygiene supporting infrastructure at schools reduces this outcome. Furthermore, there is strong support for the finding that the presence of emotional stress during menstruation increases the likelihood of not only missing school but also for an extended period of time. Our findings motivate increasing government policies to provide stronger hygiene infrastructure in schools to improve successful coping skills and attendance rates.
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Issahaku, Gyesi, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Samuel Kwashie, Francis Broni, Paul Boateng, Holy Alomatu, Ekua Houphouet, Afua Asante, Donne Ameme, and Ernest Kenu. "Protracted cholera outbreak in the Central Region, Ghana, 2016." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.8.
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Objective: On 24th October 2016, the Central Regional Health Directorate received report of a suspected cholera outbreak in the Cape Coast Metropolis (CCM). We investigated to confirm the diagnosis, identify risk factors and implement control measures.Design: We used a descriptive study followed by 1:2 unmatched case-control study.Data source: We reviewed medical records, conducted active case search and contact tracing, interviewed case-patients and their contacts and conducted environmental assessment. Case-patients' stool samples were tested with point of care test kits (SD Bioline Cholera Ag 01/0139) and sent to the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Laboratory for confirmation.Main outcomes: Cause of outbreak, risk factors associated with spread of outbreakResults: Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa caused the outbreak. There was no mortality. Of 704 case-patients, 371(52.7%) were males and 55(7.8%) were aged under-five years. The median age was 23 years (interquartile range: 16-32 years). About a third 248(35.2%) of the case patients were aged 15-24 years. The University of Cape Coast subdistrict was the epicenter with 341(48.44%) cases. Compared to controls, cholera case-patients were more likely to have visited Cholera Treatment Centers (CTC) (aOR=12.1, 95%CI: 1.5-101.3), drank pipe-borne water (aOR=11.7, 95%CI: 3.3-41.8), or drank street-vended sachet water (aOR=11.0, 95%CI: 3.7-32.9). Open defecation and broken sewage pipes were observed in the epicenter.Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa caused the CCM cholera outbreak mostly affecting the youth. Visiting CTC was a major risk factor. Prompt case-management, contact tracing, health education, restricting access to CTC and implementing water sanitation and hygiene activities helped in the control.Keywords: Cholera outbreak, Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa, Cholera treatment center, Water sanitation and hygiene, Cape Coast MetropolisFunding: This work was supported by Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (GFELTP), University of Ghana
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Scott, B. E., W. P. Schmidt, R. Aunger, N. Garbrah-Aidoo, and R. Animashaun. "Marketing hygiene behaviours: the impact of different communication channels on reported handwashing behaviour of women in Ghana." Health Education Research 23, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cym056.
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Akuoko-Asibey, Augustine, and Harry J. McPherson. "Assessing hygiene and health related improvements of a rural water supply and sanitation programme in northern Ghana." Natural Resources Forum 18, no. 1 (February 1994): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1994.tb00871.x.
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Ashinyo, Mary Eyram, Kingsley E. Amegah, Stephen Dajaan Dubik, Gloria Ntow-Kummi, Maxwell Kudzo Adjei, Joyce Amponsah, John T. Ayivase, et al. "Evaluation of water, sanitation and hygiene status of COVID-19 healthcare facilities in Ghana using the WASH FIT approach." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.254.
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Abstract Access to improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is essential for the delivery of high-quality care in healthcare facilities and the prevention of hospital-acquired infections such as the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, unimpeded access to WASH facilities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment centres (TCs) is central in facilitating compliance with infection prevention and control protocols. However, data for the WASH status of COVID-19 TCs in Ghana are limited. We evaluated the WASH status of seven COVID-19 TCs in Ghana using the WHO/UNICEF water and sanitation for health facility improvement tool (WASH FIT). The water domain had the highest number of indicators meeting standards with an average percentage score of 90.5% (range: 66.7–100%) across the seven TCs, followed by management (66.9%) and hygiene (58.7%). The TCs performed poorly in the sanitation and healthcare waste domain, with an average percentage score of 44.6% (range: 22.2–75%). These findings highlight the challenges being faced by COVID-19 TCs in implementing WASH services. Specific WASH interventions are urgently required to strengthen WASH services in the COVID-19 TCs. This should precede the prioritisation of resources to WASH infrastructure in the treatment facilities coupled with actions that involve all stakeholders.
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Mathur, Roopali Nath, Daljeet Kaur, Rashmi Katyal, Bibhash Datta, and Mohit Mathur. "Knowledge regarding menstruation among school-going adolescents of urban Bareilly." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 2871. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192817.
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Background: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period. Adolescents are a large and growing segment of the world’s population. Adolescence in girls is a turbulent period of development, which includes stressful events like menarche. Some of the special problems of adolescents are nutritional problems, menstrual disorders, leucorrhoea, and psychological problems. Though menstruation is a natural process, it is linked with several misconceptions and practices in India due to different rituals in the communities, which sometimes result in adverse health outcomes. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge about menstrual hygiene among urban adolescent girls in Bareilly.Methods: The study was conducted in the urban area of Bareilly taking a sample size of 450 girls with multistage sampling technique.Results: About 40% of participants had complete knowledge regarding menstruation, 64.9% of participants regarded menstruation as a curse of God, and 35.6% of the participants perceived urethra as the main source organ for blood during menstruation.Conclusions: This research addressed the issues in managing their menstruation and maintaining a good standard of menstrual hygiene in adolescent girls.
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Pertiwi, Teresina Ika. "GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PADA SISWI SDN 4 PACARKEMBANG SURABAYA." Jurnal PROMKES 6, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v6.i2.2018.142-154.
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Abstract: Adolescence is an important period to develop their first decade of life. At this age, an adolescent girl begins to get their first menstrual period (menarche). After getting menstruation, adolescent girls need to know how to maintain their reproductive health. One effort that can be done to take care of the reproductive health has adopted the behavior of menstrual hygiene. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of elementary school girls about reproductive health and menstrual hygiene behavior in the period of menarche. The population of this study was all students grades 5 and 6 at SDN 4 Pacarkembang Surabaya and already through menarche. This study has 30 samples and the method of data collection conducted by survey method using a questionnaire with closed questions. The variables are categorized into three categories: good knowledge level if the score range between 76-100%, the level of knowledge sufficient if the range between 56-75% and the level of knowledge is deficient when the score <56%. Variable action using the same category as the level of knowledge. The average age of menarche here is 11-12 years old. All of the respondents had got information about health reproduction and menstruation. Most respondents had heard that information from their mother. But the majority of respondents have “less” knowledge (53.33%) about health reproduction. For the practice of menstrual hygiene, respondents had the moderate level. Keyword: health reproduction, menstrual hygiene, adolescence, menarche AbstrakMasa remaja menjadi waktu yang sangat penting untuk membangun perkembangan mereka dalam dekade pertama kehidupan. Pada usia ini, remaja putri mulai mendapatkan menstruasi pertamanya (menarche). Setelah mendapatkan haid, remaja putri perlu mengetahui cara menjaga kesehatan reproduksinya. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan reproduksi adalah dengan menerapkan praktik menstrual hygiene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sekolah dasar mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dan praktik menstrual hygiene pada periode menarche. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswi kelas 5 dan 6 yang sudah melalui masa menarche di SDN 4 Pacarkembang Surabaya. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sejumlah 30 sampel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan total populasi sebagai responden. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dengan pertanyaan tertutup. Variabel dikategorikan menjadi tiga kategori yaitu tingkat pengetahuan baik apabila skor 76-100%, tingkat pengetahuan cukup apabila skor 56-75%, dan tingkat pengetahuan kurang apabila skor <56%. Variabel tindakan menggunakan kategori serupa dengan tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil rata-rata usia menarche responden adalah usia 11 sampai dengan 12 tahun. Hampir seluruh responden sudah mendapatkan informasi terkait menstrual hygiene sebelum responden mengalami menarche dari orang tua perempuan responden. Namun sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang (53.33%) dan perilaku menstrual hygiene responden sudah cukup baik (60.0%).Keyword: kesehatan reproduksi, menstrual hygiene, remaja, menarche
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Pythagoras, Katarina Canggih. "PERSONAL HYGIENE REMAJA PUTRI KETIKA MENSTRUASI." Jurnal PROMKES 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v5.i1.2017.13-26.
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Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood. In the transition, there are three stages that include growth process, development, and maturation of genital hormones, namely the primary and secondary change. Male and female adolescent also happen to experience these changes. However, the female adolescents are in a higher risk for having reproductive tract infection. The continuous reproductive tract infection can result in infertility until pregnancy occurs outside the womb. The causes of reproductive tract infection vary, such as improper personal hygiene behavior. Such behavior includes replacing sanitary napkin less than four times in a day, using inappropriate pad material, often using antiseptics to treat genetal, not replacing underwear twice a day, not changing sanitary napkin for each 1-hour to 2-hour usagein the first day of menstruation, and not replacing sanitary napkin after urinating, defecate, and bathing.The study aims at describing the behaviour of female adolesenctsaboutpersonal hygiene during menstruation in SMPN 2 Kras, Kediri district. The study uses descriptive research design. The population of the study is female adolescents at class VII and VIII with the total of 191 students. The study collects data from 130 respondents by using Simple Random Sampling. The result of general behaviour of female adolescents’ personal hygiene during menstruationshows 47 percentsalready meet the criteria, while 26 percents sufficiently meet the criteria, and 27 percentsdo not meet the criteria. It is suggested thatschool collaborates with local area health institutionsin providing basic activities to overcome such health problem. These activities can be done through communication, information and education (IEC) along with the distribution ofposter and leaflet about reproductive health especially personal hygiene during menstruation. Keywords: female adolescents’ behaviour, personal hygiene menstruation
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Okyere, Charles Yaw, Evita Hanie Pangaribowo, and Nicolas Gerber. "Household Water Quality Testing and Information: Identifying Impacts on Health Outcomes and Sanitation- and Hygiene-Related Risk-Mitigating Behaviors." Evaluation Review 43, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 370–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x19885204.
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Background: In 2014, a group of 512 households in multipurpose water systems and also relying on unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in the Greater Accra region of Ghana were randomly selected to participate in water quality self-testing and also receipt of information in the form of handouts on how to improve water quality. Objectives and Research Design: Using a cluster-randomized controlled design, we study the health, sanitation, and hygiene behavior impacts of the household water quality testing and information experiment. Subjects: The study has three arms: (1) adult household members, (2) schoolgoing children, and (3) control group. Measures: The study measures the effects on handwashing with soap, cleanliness of households, and prevalence of diarrhea and self-reported fever. We also address impacts on child health and nutrition outcomes, particularly diarrhea and anthropometric outcomes. Results: We show that there is high household willingness to participate in this intervention on water quality self-testing. About 7 months after households took part in the intervention, the study finds little impacts on health outcomes and on sanitation- and hygiene-related risk-mitigating behaviors, regardless of the intervention group, either schoolchildren or adult household members. Impacts (direction and extent) are rather homogeneous for most of the outcomes across treatment groups. Conclusions: The study discusses the implications of the findings and also offers several explanations for the lack of transmission of impacts from the household water quality testing and information intervention on health outcomes and on sanitation and hygiene behaviors.
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Meshram, Pravin Dilipkumar, Amandeep Kaur Ratta, and Vinod Kumar. "Perceptions and practices related to menstruation amongst tribal adolescent girls in rural field practice area of tertiary health care institute in Mumbai." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201034.
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Background: Adolescence is the crucial phase in the woman’s life has on the woman’s health and later on reproductive and maternal life. Around 20% of the global health burden among women is attributed to reproductive and sexual ill health, lack of menstrual hygiene is one of the factors among the adolescent. They lack awareness about menstruation when they first experience it, especially in rural and tribal areas. This study aimed to provide an insight into the most sensitive issue of menstruation among the tribal community which would help in promoting improved awareness level and increase in right knowledge about menstruation.Methods: A cross sectional study. Total of 114 adolescent girls (11-18 years), have attained the menarche were included. Universal sampling method is used. Data was collected regarding their perceptions and practices related to menstrual hygiene.Results: The mean age of the subjects and of menarche were 15.48±1.75, 13.09±1.04 years respectively. About 27.20% had no clue about the menstrual cycle. Majority of them asked their mothers about the problems followed by close friends. About 37.72% used sanitary napkins. Not to attend religious occasion (54.39%) was common restriction.Conclusions: In the present study, it is reflected that mothers of the adolescent girls were a crucial and important role in giving information about menstrual hygiene. More awareness related to hygiene and practice and education related to social issues related to menstrual hygiene has to be addressed. Focussed programmes related to tribal adolescent health have to be implemented.
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AKUAMOAH-BOATENG, CLARA. "Study Centre Sanitary Conditions and Its Impact on Health and Academic Outcomes of Distance Learners at University of Cape Coast." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2103.
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This study examined the impact of Study Centre Sanitary and hygiene conditions and its impact on health and academic outcomes of Distance Learners at the University of Cape Coast (UCC). The major objective of the study was to find out how sanitary conditions at the host institutions used by the College of Distance Education (CoDE), as study centers for distance education (DE) delivery, impact on the health and academic status of distance education learners. Data was gathered using mainly self-developed and administered questionnaire. The simple random technique was used to select 300 DE learners from 10 study centers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Approval by the Institutional Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Coast and informed consent from study participants were sought. The results of the study indicated that the state of sanitary conditions and general hygiene practices at CoDE study centres was poor, unmaintained, and inadequate in almost all study centres. This demonstrated that investment in school infrastructure was not given the due priority. The negative impact on the health status and academic outcomes of learners were due to inadequate sanitary facilities despite learners’ knowledge on good personal hygiene and sanitation practices. The study concluded that physical sanitary facilities at CoDE study centres within the study area were in a deplorable state and inadequate for the learner population in the host institutions. Gaps were identified in school management of resources and enforcement of school health, hygiene and sanitation practices. It was recommended that (CoDE-UCC) collaborates with host institutions to improve sanitation and hygiene practices at the study centres for the benefit of learners.
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A., Egna Mahalekshmi, and Poornima C. "Comparative study on gynaecological issues in adolescence among private and government school girls." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164639.
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Background: Gynaecological problems of adolescents occupy a special spectrum of gynaecological disorder of all ages. This is because of the transitional phase of the physical nature of the problems which are so unique, special and specific for the age group and also because of the associated physiological factors which are very important in the growth and psychological remodelling of someone in the transition between childhood and womanhood. The study conducted with the objective to assess the extent of awareness regarding adolescent changes and problems among school going adolescents and to compare the same between government and private school adolescent girls.Methods: We used a preformed questionnaire as our study material to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding nutritional requirement, BMI, obesity, puberty changes, menstrual hygiene and irregularities, anaemia, vaginal discharge, gynaecological tumours and HPV vaccine among the adolescent girls in both government and private schools and thereby, to compare the same between them.Results: Awareness regarding nutritional requirement (45%, 98%), BMI (66%, 15.5%), obesity related gynaecological problems (9%, 81%) and causes for anaemia (28%, 93%) were less in government school girls when compared private school girls. Awareness on menstrual hygiene was satisfactory in both the groups. Awareness on HPV vaccination was unsatisfactory in both the groups.Conclusions: Government school girls need better health education regarding adolescent related gynaecological issues. There is need to educate both the groups on HPV vaccination.
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Fielmua, Nicholas, Bismarck Yelfogle Guba, and Darius Tuonianuo Mwingyine. "Hand hygiene and safety behaviours at shopping centres in COVID-19: an observation in Wa township in Ghana." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.240.
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Abstract This study observed hand hygiene and safety behaviours of shoppers and shop keepers with respect to COVID-19 safety protocols in shopping centres in Wa, a business centre in North-western Ghana. Based on the theory of planned behaviour, the behaviours of 751 customers of 50 shops with handwashing facilities were observed from April to June 2020. It was observed that adherence to COVID-19 safety protocols at shopping centres was very poor. Although the shops observed provided handwashing facilities, 91.3% of the customers did not practise handwashing before entering the shops. Also, 84.2% of them did not wear mouth-and-nose masks during shopping. Similarly, for 78% of the shops observed, no shop attendant wore a mask. Despite the provision of handwashing facilities and widespread advocacy to minimise COVID-19 infections, the citizenry, especially the youth, demonstrated a poor attitude towards safety measures. Non-adherence to COVID-19 protocols was higher in shops where there was no pressure to conform to the protocols. The findings, amidst the increasing number of infections, suggest that attitude and perceived behavioural control are critical to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and, as such, could be good entry points for behavioural interventions.
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Arthur, E., and A. Z. Imoro. "Knowledge and practice of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene by traders. A case study of Tamale Central Market." Ghana Journal of Science 62, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v62i1.7.
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Tamale is one of the rapidly growing cities in Ghana which is faced with numerous sanitation and hygiene problems. Markets generate large volumes of wastes due to their functions. Poor waste management in markets poses a threat to public health. This study sought to assess traders’ knowledge and practice of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. It also sought to identify the environmental sanitation challenges in the market. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and personal observations were employed for data collection. The traders demonstrated fair knowledge on environmental sanitation but most did not practice recommended sanitation practices. Moreover, both males (50.1%) and females (49.9%) demonstrated good knowledge of personal hygiene and practiced it. The study identified poor drainage systems, lack of potable water, inadequate waste bins, littering, pilling of wastes, poor wastewater handling as major environmental challenges in the market. The findings of this study underline the need for bolstering up environmental education and hygiene promotion activities in public places like markets. It is also recommended that the toilet facility within the market get replace or renovated. The need for sanitation equipment and tools like waste bins should be met by the Metropolitan Assembly, as well as supports from NGOs and other bodies.
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Mirzoev, Tolib, Anna Cronin de Chavez, Ana Manzano, Irene Akua Agyepong, Mary Eyram Ashinyo, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Leveana Gyimah, et al. "Protocol for a realist synthesis of health systems responsiveness in low-income and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e046992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046992.
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IntroductionHealth systems responsiveness is a key objective of any health system, yet it is the least studied of all objectives particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Research on health systems responsiveness highlights its multiple elements, for example, dignity and confidentiality. Little is known, however, about underlying theories of health systems responsiveness, and the mechanisms through which responsiveness works. This realist synthesis contributes to bridging these two knowledge gaps.Methods and analysisIn this realist synthesis, we will use a four-step process, comprising: mapping of theoretical bases, formulation of programme theories, theory refinement and testing of programme theories using literature and empirical data from Ghana and Vietnam. We will include theoretical and conceptual pieces, reviews, empirical studies and grey literature, alongside the primary data. We will explore responsiveness as entailing external and internal interactions within health systems. The search strategy will be purposive and iterative, with continuous screening and refinement of theories. Data extraction will be combined with quality appraisal, using appropriate tools. Each fragment of evidence will be appraised as it is being extracted, for its relevance to the emerging programme theories and methodological rigour. The extracted data pertaining to contexts, mechanisms and outcomes will be synthesised to identify patterns and contradictions. Results will be reported using narrative explanations, following established guidance on realist syntheses.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals for the wider RESPONSE (Improving health systems responsiveness to neglected health needs of vulnerable groups in Ghana and Vietnam) study, of which this review is one part, were obtained from the ethics committees of the following institutions: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (ref: 22981), University of Leeds, School of Medicine (ref: MREC19-051), Ghana Health Service (ref: GHS-ERC 012/03/20) and Hanoi University of Public Health (ref: 020-149/DD-YTCC).We will disseminate results through academic papers, conference presentations and stakeholder workshops in Ghana and Vietnam.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020200353. Full record: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020200353.
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Ashinyo, Mary Eyram, Stephen Dajaan Dubik, Vida Duti, Kingsley Ebenezer Amegah, Anthony Ashinyo, Brian Adu Asare, Angela Ama Ackon, Samuel Kaba Akoriyea, and Patrick Kuma-Aboagye. "Infection prevention and control compliance among exposed healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment centers in Ghana: A descriptive cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): e0248282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248282.
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Compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols is critical in minimizing the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection among healthcare workers. However, data on IPC compliance among healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment centers are unknown in Ghana. This study aims to assess IPC compliance among healthcare workers in Ghana’s COVID-19 treatment centers. The study was a secondary analysis of data, which was initially collected to determine the level of risk of COVID-19 virus infection among healthcare workers in Ghana. Quantitative data were conveniently collected using the WHO COVID-19 risk assessment tool. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. We observed that IPC compliance during healthcare interactions was 88.4% for hand hygiene and 90.6% for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage; IPC compliance while performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), was 97.5% for hand hygiene and 97.5% for PPE usage. For hand hygiene during healthcare interactions, lower compliance was seen among nonclinical staff [OR (odds ratio): 0.43; 95% CI (Confidence interval): 0.21–0.89], and healthcare workers with secondary level qualification (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08–0.71). Midwives (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.93) and Pharmacists (OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02–0.92) compliance with hand hygiene was significantly lower than registered nurses. For PPE usage during healthcare interactions, lower compliance was seen among healthcare workers who were separated/divorced/widowed (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.43), those with secondary level qualifications (OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01–0.43), non-clinical staff (OR 0.16 95% CI 0.07–0.35), cleaners (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05–0.52), pharmacists (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01–0.49) and among healthcare workers who reported of insufficiency of PPEs (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14–0.77). Generally, healthcare workers’ infection prevention and control compliance were high, but this compliance differs across the different groups of health professionals in the treatment centers. Ensuring an adequate supply of IPC logistics coupled with behavior change interventions and paying particular attention to nonclinical staff is critical in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission in the treatment centers.
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Beck, A. J., L. Duffett-Leger, S. Raffin Bouchal, R. Ferber, and T. Ward. "0917 Designing a Wearable Technology-Based Sleep Intervention To Support Sleep Health Among Adolescents: Using a Participatory Design Approach." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A348—A349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.913.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep problems during adolescence are increasingly common and have been associated with adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. Efforts to improve insufficient sleep among adolescents have resulted in increased sleep knowledge and temporary enhancements in sleep hygiene. Good sleep hygiene is established through the development of daily routines that support healthy sleep. Wearable technology offers a potential solution whereby adolescents can acquire and manage healthy sleep habits. In this study, we are co-designing with adolescents a prototype intervention using wearable technology to promote sustained improvements in their sleep hygiene. Methods Guided by participatory design approaches, the ongoing multi-phase mixed methods study is currently being conducted in a metropolitan area in western Canada. In phase 1, sleep data is being collected from a sample of 30 adolescent-parent dyads using wearable sensors (Actigraphy watches) and self-report sleep measures (questionnaires about sleep quality, hygiene, and beliefs and attitudes, as well as their general health) over a 10-day period. In phases 2 and 3, individual interviews and iterative user interface design sessions will be conducted with 25 adolescents. Results To date, thirteen adolescents-parent dyads (13-17 years, 9 females; 39-56 years, 11 females) have completed phase 1 of our study. Data analysis is currently being conducted to evaluate sleep onset/offset, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and sleep schedule differences between adolescents and their parents. Ten adolescents have completed individual interviews in phase 2 of the study. Preliminary qualitative data suggests that youth are aware of the importance of sleep to their overall health. However, they struggle with identifying credible information to act on from the various and sometimes conflicting sources (e.g. online, friends, family). Conclusion We anticipate that co-designing a wearable solution with adolescents will lead to a sleep intervention that is more relevant, persuasive, and useful in supporting their sleep health. Support This work is supported by the Sensor Technology in Monitoring Movement STiMM Program.
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Ghimire, Sasmita. "Knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173534.
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Background: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period which signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in the society. Isolation of the menstruating girls and restrictions being imposed on them in the family, have reinforced a negative attitude towards this phenomenon. And the issue of menstrual hygiene is inadequately acknowledged and has not received proper attention.Methods: Quantitative approach with descriptive cross-sectional design was used to assess the knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. A structured knowledge questionnaire was developed focusing on menstrual hygiene. Validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of nursing, medicine and statistics. Reliability of the tool was tested by test retest method and found to be highly reliable with a score of 0.80. The study was carried out in 2 schools of Dharan, Nepal. About 100 adolescent girls were selected by simple random sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect needed data on knowledge of adolescent girls. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Maximum numbers 42 of the subjects were in the age group of 12 years, majority i.e. 81 of the subjects belonged to nuclear family, majority i.e. 39 of the subjects were in 7th standard, maximum of 72 subjects belonged to Hindu religion, majority i.e.79 had family income below 5000, majority of the subjects 35 had their first menstruation at the age of 14, 35 subjects father were self-employed, 60 subjects had their mothers as government employee , majority of the respondents, 80 had previous knowledge on menstrual hygiene. Majority of the subjects 70% had average knowledge, 25% of them had poor knowledge and only 5% had good knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene. There was a significant association of knowledge adolescent girls with demographic variables such as age at first menstruation.Conclusions: Present study showed overall average knowledge of menstrual hygiene in adolescent girls. Formal as well as informal channels of communication need to be emphasized for the delivery of information on menstrual hygiene through organized community efforts. Institutions and organizations at community level should be strengthened for effective delivery of health and nutrition care services for overall better health of community beneficiaries.
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Tudoroniu, Cosmin, Monica Popa, Simona Maria Iacob, Anca Lucia Pop, and Bogdana Adriana Năsui. "Correlation of Caries Prevalence, Oral Health Behavior and Sweets Nutritional Habits among 10 to 19-Year-Old Cluj-Napoca Romanian Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 6923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186923.
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Background and objectives: The primary oral disease during adolescence is dental caries. Less is known about the caries prevalence, oral health behavior, and sweets nutritional habits in Romanian adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the actual caries prevalence among Romanian adolescents in a representative area of Romania, Cluj, and to correlate with oral hygiene behaviors and dietary sugary foods intake. Materials and methods: We have done a cross-sectional study of 650 adolescents aged 10 to 19-years-old (average age 15.3 ± 2.8). We performed the oral dental examination according to the WHO methodology, calculated the number of decayed, missing (due to caries), and filled teeth (DMFT index), assessed the oral hygiene and dietary behaviors using a two-section valid questionnaire and statistically analyzed the interrelation between DMFT, oral hygiene and eating behaviors by multivariate statistical analysis. Results: (a) The caries prevalence in the adolescent population enrolled in the study was 95.5%; (b) the mean DMFT was 3.13 ± 2.0, without significant differences between the urban and rural adolescents (p = 0.253); lower in females than males (p < 0.050), (c) more than one third (33.7%, n = 219) of teenagers are seldom or never brush their teeth in the evening; (c) 40.6% of adolescents are missing the regular annual dental check-ups leading to an increased DMFT as shown in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.038); and (d) there is an increased prevalence of caries with age (p = 0.020), and with sugary sweetened beverages consumption (p = 0.028). Conclusions: Our study evidenced a persistent high caries prevalence in Romanian teenagers. Their dietary habits and irregular dental check-up were associated with the occurrence of dental conditions.
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Lubis, Layla Takhfa, Laras Sati, Naura Najla Adhinda, Hera Yulianirta, and Bahril Hidayat. "Peningkatan Kesehatan Mental Anak dan Remaja Melalui Ibadah Keislaman." Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan 16, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jaip.2019.vol16(2).3898.
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In modern situation giving positive and negative impacts to children and adolescent development, including moral development and mental health for children stage to adolescent development phase. According to the previous studies described the adolescent need self-control to think, act, attitude, based on religion value, especially in Islam perspective. To develop and improving the potential of adolescent health, especially mental health or mental hygiene. In early adolescence development phase, the mind develops into abscond, conceptual, and future-oriented. Adolescence as a formal operating stadium, shows a lot of extraordinary creativity potential that should be express in writing, music, art, poetry, and other positive or productive works. Therefore, with the great potential on adolescents phase, they need reference for improving their mental health according to Psychology and Islam through Islamic worship, so that their goals of life as students become focused. This scientific article uses library research method. The results of library research showing these children and adolescent which understanding and appreciating the implementation of worship are be able to overcoming the problems of life experienced, capable to adjust the environment, maintaining relationships with the environment and thankful to God, so they tend to have good mental health standards.
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Abdulai, M., Z. I. Abubabakari, S. J. Cobinna, and D. Oduro. "BACTERIA LOADS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE TAMALE METROPOLIS, GHANA." UDS International Journal of Development 7, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47740/492.udsijd6i.
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Investigations for pathogenic microbes on surfaces of objects have been attaining significant consideration from public health researchers for some time now. This is especially because of the risk of the spread of diseases of public health concern. Consequently, this study was conducted to provide information on bacterial contamination levels in taxis and motorised tricycles operating from the Tamale Main Taxi Rank. Forty samples from taxis and tricycle seats were collected and analysed. All samples contained Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Shigella spp. Taxis contained significantly (p < 0.006) more bacteria than tricycles (mean bacterial loads of 20.35×106 CFU/ml and 2.80×10 6 CFU/ml respectively). Also, considering the materials with which the vehicle seats were made vinyl contained more bacteria (14.06×106 CFU/ml) than cloth (10.98×106 CFU/ml) and polythene (1.12×106 CFU/ml). Using the Kruskal-Wallis test for analysing bacteria loads across material types, it was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.026) between bacteria numbers and material types. The bacteria isolates showed resistance to the antibiotics, ampicillin (10 μg), Ceftazidime (30 μg), Cefotaxime (30 μg), and Ciprofloxacin (5 μg). Taxis and tricycles in some parts of the Metropolis operate under poor hygienic conditions. It is recommended that routine cleaning and disinfection of vehicles as well as the practice of personal hygiene be highly encouraged to keep a safer and healthier urban population and environment. Keywords: Escherichia coli, Pathogenic, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp
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Boadu, Kwame, and Frank Trovato. "Association of Social Class with Malaria Prevalence Among Household Heads in Ghana." Canadian Studies in Population 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6fs67.
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This is an exploratory study that investigates the association of social class with malaria prevalence among household heads in Ghana. Data utilized is taken from the 1997 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (CWIQ) survey of Ghana. The survey collected information on households covering a variety of topics including education, health, employment, household assets, household amenities, poverty predictors, and child anthropometry. A total of 14,514 households were interviewed, comprising 63 percent rural household heads and 37 percent urban household heads. The research method employed in this study involves the construction of a composite index of social class from six indicators namely, education, dwelling ownership, heads of cattle, modern household items, main source of cooking fuel and type of toilet facility. Logistic regression was applied in examining the association between social class and the dependent variable, prevalence of malaria. Marital status and personal hygiene were examined together with social class as the predictor variables, while sex, age, place of residence and ecological zone were introduced as control variables. The study revealed that there was no direct association between social class and the prevalence of malaria among household heads in Ghana; rather, marital status served as a mediating factor.