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Berard, Michael, and Ralph Mason Dreger. "Prediction of Recreational Therapy Behavior of Hospitalized Adolescents from a Behavior Classification Instrument." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3_suppl (1994): 1603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1603.
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The purpose of this study was to estimate the validity of an instrument of the Adolescent Behavioral Classification Project in predicting behavior patterns of emotionally disturbed adolescents in an inpatient setting. Subjects ( n = 126) were adolescents admitted to a state residential treatment unit across a period of 35 months. Predictor variables were scores on 17 or 25 factors of the instrument from both adolescents' own responses and their mothers' responses on their behalf. Criterion variables were 10 recreational therapy factors, especially 4 temporally stable factors, and length-of-time in treatment. 3 phases of the project were (I) behavior during initial stages of the therapy, (II) behavioral change after 3 months of therapy, and (III) length-of-time in treatment. In Phase I, both mothers' and adolescents' responses produced significant correlations with criteria; however, in Phase II only the adolescent students' 25 ABCP factors predicted behavioral change. In Phase III, adolescents' responses but not their mothers' responses classified the adolescents by length-of-time in treatment.
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Westen, Drew, Lissa Dutra, and Jonathan Shedler. "Assessing adolescent personality pathology." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 3 (2005): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.3.227.
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BackgroundPersonality pathology constitutes a major form of psychopathology in adolescents.AimsTo examine the reliability and validity of a Q-sort instrument for assessing adolescent personality pathology designed for clinically experienced informants.MethodA sample of 294 randomly selected psychiatrists and psychologists each provided data on a current patient, aged 14–18 years. Clinicians completed several measures, including the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure for Adolescents (SWAP–200–A).ResultsFactor analysis identified II dimensions of adolescent personality: psychopathology/malignant narcissism, dysphoria/inhibition, psychological health, histrionic sexualisation, schizotypy, sexual conflict, emotional dysregulation, anxious obsessionality, peer rejection, delinquent behaviour and attentional dysregulation. These correlated in predicted ways with a range of criterion variables, including measures of adaptive functioning, Axis II pathology, the Five Factor Model and the Child Behavior Checklist.ConclusionsThe SWAP–200–A shows promise as an instrument for assessing personality pathology in adolescents. Trait dimensions such as delinquent behaviour and emotional dysregulation may prove useful additions to a classification of personality.
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Stamm, Raini, Meelis Stamm, and Säde Koskel. "Adolescent female volleyballers’ (aged 13-15 years) body build classification and proficiency in competitions." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 64, no. 4 (2006): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/64/2006/423.
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Chew, Robert, Caroline Kery, Laura Baum, Thomas Bukowski, Annice Kim, and Mario Navarro. "Predicting Age Groups of Reddit Users Based on Posting Behavior and Metadata: Classification Model Development and Validation." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 3 (2021): e25807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25807.
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Background Social media are important for monitoring perceptions of public health issues and for educating target audiences about health; however, limited information about the demographics of social media users makes it challenging to identify conversations among target audiences and limits how well social media can be used for public health surveillance and education outreach efforts. Certain social media platforms provide demographic information on followers of a user account, if given, but they are not always disclosed, and researchers have developed machine learning algorithms to predict social media users’ demographic characteristics, mainly for Twitter. To date, there has been limited research on predicting the demographic characteristics of Reddit users. Objective We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm that predicts the age segment of Reddit users, as either adolescents or adults, based on publicly available data. Methods This study was conducted between January and September 2020 using publicly available Reddit posts as input data. We manually labeled Reddit users’ age by identifying and reviewing public posts in which Reddit users self-reported their age. We then collected sample posts, comments, and metadata for the labeled user accounts and created variables to capture linguistic patterns, posting behavior, and account details that would distinguish the adolescent age group (aged 13 to 20 years) from the adult age group (aged 21 to 54 years). We split the data into training (n=1660) and test sets (n=415) and performed 5-fold cross validation on the training set to select hyperparameters and perform feature selection. We ran multiple classification algorithms and tested the performance of the models (precision, recall, F1 score) in predicting the age segments of the users in the labeled data. To evaluate associations between each feature and the outcome, we calculated means and confidence intervals and compared the two age groups, with 2-sample t tests, for each transformed model feature. Results The gradient boosted trees classifier performed the best, with an F1 score of 0.78. The test set precision and recall scores were 0.79 and 0.89, respectively, for the adolescent group (n=254) and 0.78 and 0.63, respectively, for the adult group (n=161). The most important feature in the model was the number of sentences per comment (permutation score: mean 0.100, SD 0.004). Members of the adolescent age group tended to have created accounts more recently, have higher proportions of submissions and comments in the r/teenagers subreddit, and post more in subreddits with higher subscriber counts than those in the adult group. Conclusions We created a Reddit age prediction algorithm with competitive accuracy using publicly available data, suggesting machine learning methods can help public health agencies identify age-related target audiences on Reddit. Our results also suggest that there are characteristics of Reddit users’ posting behavior, linguistic patterns, and account features that distinguish adolescents from adults.
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Pawloski, Lisa R., and Panagiota Kitsantas. "Classification tree analysis of stunting in Malian adolescent girls." American Journal of Human Biology 20, no. 3 (2008): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20716.
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Everhart Newman, Jan L., Jessica L. Larsen, Kelli Thompson, Melissa Cyperski, and Barry R. Burkhart. "Heterogeneity in Male Adolescents With Illegal Sexual Behavior: A Latent Profile Approach to Classification." Sexual Abuse 31, no. 7 (2018): 789–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063218784554.
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Current research has established that male adolescents with illegal sexual behavior (AISB) are a heterogeneous population. We aimed to explore this within-group heterogeneity to derive clinically relevant groups of AISB using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). We then compared these groups on selected covariates (age at intake, minority status, and child maltreatment history) and distal outcomes (general, nonviolent, violent, drug, and sexual recidivism 5 years after release) to identify any differences. The sample consisted of 698 male AISB (age = 11-20 years) referred to a secure juvenile facility for assessment and treatment. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using the clinical and personality scales of the MACI to identify AISB groups and examine group differences. Four unique AISB groups emerged: Anxious, Depressed/Anxious, Dysthymic/Disorganized, and Antisocial. Groups differed on age at intake and child maltreatment history, but not minority status. At 5-year follow up, groups differed in their rates of general, nonsexual, and violent recidivism but not in their rates of sexual or drug recidivism. Clinically relevant AISB groups can be identified using personality and psychopathology indicators from the MACI. Implications for the assessment and treatment of AISB, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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., Nyoto, Nicholas Renaldo, Gunasegaran Karuppannan, Abul Bashar Bhuiyan, and Mokana Muthu Kumarasamy. "THE DETERMINANCE OF THE FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR AMONG GRADUATE STUDENTS IN INDONESIA." Australian Finance & Banking Review 5, no. 1 (2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1009.
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The lifestyle of adolescents who migrate to work and college will largely determine their future. Concerns about economic conditions can cause problems with their behavior. This research has aimed to explore the most influential factors on Financial Behavior among graduate students in Indonesia. The Primary data collected by distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale. There are 239 samples have collected based on the combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods. The study used descriptive statistical techniques and path analysis techniques for data analysis. Based on path analysis results, study findings indicate that there is a significant influence of financial knowledge on financial self-efficacy; financial self-efficacy and financial knowledge on financial behavior; financial attitude and financial self-efficacy on financial behavior but there is no significant influence of financial knowledge on financial behavior. The study results also showed that adolescent habits are still not good but can be improved through education such as character education and achievement of a better motivation to deal with economic problems. The study recommended that the good habits can be passed on to friends of his age, especially adolescents so they can have a good future.
 JEL Classification Codes: F36, G02, A23.
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Ramos, Pilar, Carmen Moreno, Francisco Rivera, and Ana López. "The Classification of Spanish Adolescents Based on Substance Consumption Patterns and the Analysis of the Relationships within their Social Developmental Contexts." Spanish journal of psychology 14, no. 2 (2011): 734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.21.
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This research is part of the 2006 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The data presented were composed of a sample of 15942 Spanish adolescents ranging from 13 to 18 years of age. The instruments used included a variety of questions related to substance consumption among adolescents, their bio-psycho-social adjustment and developmental contexts, all of which are part of the HBSC study instrument bank. Through classification analysis, as well as significance and effect size tests, we obtained relevant information about the current epidemiology of substance consumption among Spanish adolescents. These results are representative of the Spanish adolescent population which allows the typical risk profile attributed to young people to be clarified. A gradual adjustment can be seen in terms of substance consumption levels in youth and that same level in their friends. Likewise, the analysis of the developmental context (family, friends and school) provides important information when it comes to preventing substance consumption, thus showing the advantages that coherence and connection have between the different environments where youth live, grow up and develop.
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Hinshaw, Stephen P., Benjamin B. Lahey, and Elizabeth L. Hart. "Issues of taxonomy and comorbidity in the development of conduct disorder." Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 1-2 (1993): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004247.
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AbstractA developmental approach to the classification of antisocial behavior is necessary for two reasons. First, although the continuity of antisocial behavior is strong for many individuals, the topography of antisocial behavior changes during the course of development. Second, antisocial behavior apparently develops in at least two separate pathways — child-onset versus adolescent-onset — that differ markedly regarding types of antisocial behavior displayed, persistence, and perhaps etiology. The development of antisocial behavior must also be understood within the context of co-occurring disorders and conditions. Comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder appears to be associated with greater aggression and a worse prognosis, and comorbid academic underachievement is also associated with a negative course. Emerging evidence also suggests that comorbid anxiety disorder is associated with level of aggression, but the direction of the correlation appears to differ at different ages. In all, full understanding of conduct disorder requires developmentally sensitive classification as well as consideration of comorbid conditions.
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Rosolen, Angelo, Sherrie L. Perkins, C. Ross Pinkerton, et al. "Revised International Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Staging System." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 18 (2015): 2112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.59.7203.
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Purpose Treatment and prognosis of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have improved dramatically in the last 30 years. However, the St Jude NHL staging classification for pediatric NHL was developed more than 35 years ago. The most recent Lugano lymphoma staging classification focused on adult lymphoma. Furthermore, major limitations of the current pediatric NHL staging classification include lack of consideration of new distinct pediatric NHL histologic entities; absence of recognition of frequent skin, bone, kidney, ovarian, and other organ involvement; and lack of newer precise methods to detect bone marrow and CNS involvement, minimal disease quantification, and highly sensitive imaging technologies. Methods An international multidisciplinary expert panel convened in Frankfurt, Germany, in 2009 at the Third International Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult NHL Symposium to develop a revised international pediatric NHL staging system (IPNHLSS), addressing limitations of the current pediatric NHL staging system and creating a revised classification. Evidence-based disease distribution and behavior were reviewed from multiple pediatric cooperative group NHL studies. Results A revised IPNHLSS was developed incorporating new histologic entities, extranodal dissemination, improved diagnostic methods, and advanced imaging technology. Conclusion This revised IPNHLSS will facilitate more precise staging for children and adolescents with NHL and facilitate comparisons of efficacy across different treatment strategies, various institutions, multicenter trials, and cooperative groups by allowing for reproducible pediatric-based staging at diagnosis and relapse.
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Azhari, Ahmad, and Ajie Kurnia Saputra Swara. "K-Nearest Neighbor Classification for Detection of The Effect of Game Addiction on Cognitive Activity in The Late Adolescent Phase based on Brainwave Signals." Signal and Image Processing Letters 1, no. 2 (2019): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/simple.v1i2.5.
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World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that Gaming disorder is included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The behavior of playing digital games included in the Gaming disorder category is characterized by impaired control of the game, increasing the priority given to the game more than other activities insofar as the game takes precedence over other daily interests and activities, and the continuation or improvement of the game despite negative consequences. The influence of video games on children's development has always been a polemic because in adolescence not only adopts cognitive abilities in learning activities, but also various strategies related to managing activities in learning, playing and socializing to improve cognitive abilities. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the cognitive activity of late teens in learning and playing games based on brainwave signals and to find out the impact of games on cognitive activity in adolescents. Prediction of the effect of the game on cognitive activity will be done by applying Fast Fourier Transform for feature extraction and K-Nearest Neighbor for classification. The results of the expert assessment showed the percentage of respondents with superior cognitive category but game addiction was 63.3% and respondents with cognitive categorization were average but were addicted by 36.6%. The percentage of accuracy produced by the system shows 80% in games and cognitive by using k values of 1, 6, and 7. The correlation test results show a percentage of 0.089, so it is concluded that there is no influence of the game on cognitive activity in late adolescents.
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Cianchetti, Carlo, Noemi Faedda, Marcello Pasculli, et al. "Predictive validity for the clinical diagnosis of a new parent questionnaire, the CABI, compared with CBCL." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25, no. 2 (2020): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104519895056.
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Background: The questionnaires completed by the parents give a first general information on the behavioral problems of the child–adolescent, as a useful orientation to the clinical evaluation. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) is a 75-item parent questionnaire, which explores a large number of problem areas. The study of its predictive validity for the clinical diagnosis, in comparison with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM)-oriented scales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), can assess whether its use may be advantageous. Material and Methods: Parents/caregivers of 462 children and adolescents responded to both CABI and CBCL as a preliminary routine investigation. The results were compared with those of diagnoses obtained after the completion of the usual clinical procedure. Results: Accuracy values (probability of correct classification) resulted high for both instruments and significantly better for CABI anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scales, and for CBCL oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) scales; no significant difference was found for depression scales. All the areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic analysis reached excellent values, suggesting a very good predictive ability of the five scales of the two instruments. The comparison of AUC showed the CABI’s anxiety and ADHD scales to give significantly higher values than those of CBCL, indicating that these two scales have a better predictive ability. Conclusion: The study indicates a very good comparative (vs CBCL) and predictive validity of the CABI, suggesting an advantage in the use of this shorter questionnaire, available for free use both for clinical practice and supposedly for screening and epidemiological evaluations.
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Paschke, Kerstin, Maria Isabella Austermann, and Rainer Thomasius. "Assessing ICD-11 Gaming Disorder in Adolescent Gamers: Development and Validation of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (2020): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040993.
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Background: Adolescents affected by Gaming Disorder (GD) show substantial impairments in daily functioning. GD was included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as a new diagnosis coming into effect in January 2022. An instrument to screen for GD in adolescents has not yet been published and is urgently needed for scientific research and clinical practice. Methods: In the present study, the ICD-11-based Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) was developed by clinical experts and scientists. It was validated with 819 frequent gamers of 10 to 17 years and a respective caregiver in an online survey. Criterion validity was examined by assessing gaming behavior, emotional dysregulation, and academic performance. Item structure was investigated by factorial analyses. ROC- and Latent Profile Analyses were computed for differentiation between GD and Non-GD. Results: In line with the ICD-11 approach and accounting for cognitive-behavioral symptoms and negative consequences equally, GADIS-A items were best described by two factors. The new instrument showed excellent internal consistency, good criterion validity, and excellent discriminatory power. Conclusions: GADIS-A is the first successfully validated questionnaire to assess ICD-11 GD in adolescents. Thus, it can significantly contribute to reliably identify affected adolescents in clinical and research settings.
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Koren, Chaya, and Zvi Eisikovits. "Continuity and Discontinuity of Violent and Nonviolent Behavior: Toward a Classification of Male Adolescent Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel." Sociological Focus 44, no. 4 (2011): 314–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2011.10571401.
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Gonzálvez, Carolina, Cándido J. Inglés, Christopher A. Kearney, Ricardo Sanmartín, María Vicent, and José M. García-Fernández. "Relationship between school refusal behavior and social functioning: a cluster analysis approach." European Journal of Education and Psychology 12, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30552/ejep.v12i1.238.
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On the basis of the heterogeneous casuistry that characterizes the students who refuse going to school, it is useful to have a classification of this population in homogeneous groups. For this, the aim of this study was, first, to identify by cluster analysis the profiles of school refusal behavior based on the functional model evaluated through the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-S). Secondly, it is intended to analyze if there are differences in social functioning scores according to the school refusal profiles identified. This study involved 1212 Spanish children between 8 and 11 years old (M=9.12, SD=1.05) who completed the SRAS-R to evaluate the school refusal behavior and the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS) to assess social functioning. Four profiles were identified: Non-school refusers, School refusers by mixed reinforcements, School refusers by tangible reinforcements and School refusers by negative reinforcements. The profile of Non-school refusers achieved the highest average scores in social functioning, while School refusers by mixed reinforcements group obtained the lowest average scores in social functioning. In general, the profiles found support the clusters identified in previous studies. The implications of social functioning on school refusal behavior are discussed.
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Zhang, Ying-Dong, Jian-Song Zhou, Feng-Mei Lu, and Xiao-Ping Wang. "Reduced gray matter volume in male adolescent violent offenders." PeerJ 7 (September 3, 2019): e7349. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7349.
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Background Previous studies reported that reduced gray matter volume (GMV) was associated with violent-related behaviors. However, the previous studies were conducted on adults and no study has studied the association between GMV and violent behaviors on adolescents. The purpose of the study was to investigate GMV’s effects in adolescent violent offenders based on a Chinese Han population, which can address the problem of possible confounding factors in adult studies. Methods We recruited 30 male adolescent violent offenders and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Differences in both whole-brain and GMV were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We assessed the accuracy of VBM using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and discriminant analysis. Results Compared with HCs, the male adolescent offenders showed significantly reduced GMV in five cortical and subcortical brain regions, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe in the left hemisphere, as well as the right superior temporal gyrus. Both ROC curve and discriminate analyses showed that these regions had relatively high sensitivities (58.6%–89.7%) and specificities (58.1%–74.2%) with 76.7% classification accuracy. Conclusions Our results indicated that reduced volume in the frontal-temporal-parietal-subcortical circuit may be closely related to violent behaviors in male adolescents, which might be an important biomarker for detecting violent behaviors in male adolescents.
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Castro júnior, André Ribeiro de, Leidy Dayane Paiva de Abreu, Leilson Lira de Lima, Aretha Feitosa de Araújo, Raimundo Augusto Martins Torres, and Maria Rocideide Ferreira da Silva. "Consulta de enfermagem no cuidado ambulatorial às juventudes." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 4 (2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i4a239115p1157-1166-2019.
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RESUMOObjetivo: identificar as evidências científicas sobre a consulta de Enfermagem no cuidado ambulatorial às juventudes. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, tipo revisão integrativa, sem recorte temporal, nas Bases de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF, de artigos na íntegra em inglês, português ou espanhol. Recorreu-se ao método de leitura para se realizar a análise dos dados e os apresentaram em tabelas. Resultados: aponta-se para o olhar clínico do enfermeiro voltado à coleta de informações e à classificação de atendimentos nos ambulatórios de emergência, o que proporciona a assistência de Enfermagem sistematizada e de qualidade. Considera-se que a Enfermagem é um agente promotor de cuidados aos adolescentes no âmbito ambulatorial, contudo, a consulta centra-se nos comportamentos e mudanças dos adolescentes, enfatizando o desenvolvimento do adulto e a saúde reprodutiva e sexual. Destaca-se, ainda, a necessidade de referenciais teórico-metodológicos que fundamentem o cuidado ao jovem. Conclusão: conclui-se que a consulta ambulatorial de enfermagem produz o cuidado para as questões individuais e comportamentais, mas se recomendam estudos relacionados aos referenciais de cuidado clínico à consulta ambulatorial de enfermagem. Descritores: Enfermagem; Adolescente; Saúde do Adolescente; Adulto Jovem; Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica; Assistência Ambulatorial. ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the scientific evidence about the Nursing consultation in outpatient care for youths. Method: this is a bibliographical study, type integrative review, without temporal cut, in the Databases MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF, of articles in full in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The reading method was used to perform the data analysis and presented them in tables. Results: it is pointed to the clinical perspective of the nurse focused on the collection of information and the classification of care in emergency outpatient clinics, which provides systematized and quality nursing care. Nursing is considered to be a promoter of adolescent care in the outpatient setting, however, consultation focuses on the behaviors and changes of adolescents, emphasizing adult development and reproductive and sexual health. It is also important to emphasize the need for theoretical and methodological references that support care for the young person. Conclusion: it was concluded that outpatient nursing consultation produces care for individual and behavioral issues, but studies related to clinical care referrals to outpatient nursing appointments are recommended. Descriptors: Nursing; Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Young Adult; Research in Clinical Nursing; Ambulatory Care.RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las evidencias científicas sobre la consulta de Enfermería en el cuidado ambulatorial a las juventudes. Método: se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, tipo de revisión integrativa, sin recorte temporal, en las Bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed, LILACS y BDENF, los artículos en su totalidad en Inglés, portugués o español. Se recurrió al método de lectura para realizar el análisis de los datos y los presentó en tablas. Resultados: se apunta a la mirada clínica del enfermero orientado a la recolección de informaciones y a la clasificación de atendimientos en los ambulatorios de emergencia, lo que proporciona la asistencia de Enfermería sistematizada y de calidad. Se considera que la Enfermería es un agente promotor de cuidados a los adolescentes en el ámbito ambulatorial, sin embargo, la consulta se centra en los comportamientos y cambios de los adolescentes, enfatizando el desarrollo del adulto y la salud reproductiva y sexual. Se destaca, además, la necesidad de referenciales teórico-metodológicos que fundamenten el cuidado al joven. Conclusión: se concluye que la consulta ambulatorial de enfermería produce el cuidado para las cuestiones individuales y comportamentales, pero se recomiendan estudios relacionados con los referenciales de atención clínica a la consulta ambulatorial de enfermeríaDescritores: Enfermaría; Adolescente; Salud del Adolescente; Adulto Joven; Investigación en Enfermería Clínica; Atención Ambulatoria.
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Surette, Tobie, and Jacques Allard. "A regression mixture with logistic weights for modeling heterogeneous crustacean growth data when the maturity phase is unknown." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 5 (2008): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-023.
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Piecewise linear models (PLMs) have been used widely in crustacean morphometry and growth modeling when subjects belong to more than one undetermined maturity stage, for example, to model immature and adolescent male snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) growth increment at moulting as a function of pre-moult size. PLMs assume, unrealistically, that the transition between the maturity stages occurs at a fixed size. PLMs have also often been applied without taking into account the heterogeneity of variance or without supplying parameter confidence intervals. We propose to describe the unknown maturity stage and the known growth increments as functions of the pre-moult size by regression mixture with logistic weights (RMLW), where a logistic function and two linear regressions are mixed with weights provided by the logistic function. Errors are assumed to be normally distributed with a standard deviation depending linearly on the expected growth increment. Parameters and their confidence intervals are obtained using maximum likelihood. Model diagnostic procedures and a posteriori maturity stage classification methods are presented. The methodology is applied to 1311 snow crab growth observations, and results are compared with those of other snow crab studies. The methodology has widespread applications to crustacean morphometry and can be generalized to nonlinear relationships.
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Pakaslahti, Laura, Anu Karjalainen, and Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen. "Relationships between adolescent prosocial problem-solving strategies, prosocial behaviour, and social acceptance." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 2 (2002): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000681.
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This study examined the relationship between adolescents’ prosocial problem-solving strategies and prosocial behaviour, and their associations with social acceptance among their peers. Age- and gender-related variance was also examined. The subjects were 777 14-year-old adolescents (381 girls and 396 boys) and 877 17-year-olds (464 girls and 413 boys). Prosocial problem-solving strategies were measured by means of a self-rating questionnaire, while prosocial behaviour and social acceptance were evaluated in terms of the dimensions of social popularity and rejection as well as the classification of adolescents into popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average status groups, on the basis of peer nominations. The results showed that prosocial problem-solving strategies and prosocial behaviour were only minimally related, but both predicted social acceptance among peers. The rejected adolescents had low levels and the controversial adolescents high levels of both prosocial strategies and behaviour, while the popular and neglected adolescents did not differ from the average ones in terms of strategies, but they did in their behaviour. The popular adolescents had a high level, and the neglected adolescents a low level of prosocial behaviour. As a dimension, social popularity correlated positively and rejection negatively with prosocial behaviour but not with strategies. Analysis of gender and age differences revealed that the girls and the 14-year-olds achieved higher scores on both prosocial strategies and behaviour than the boys or the 17-year-olds. The results extend our knowledge of adolescent social functioning.
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Baker, Kayla M., Sean Healy, David J. Rice, and Jeanette M. Garcia. "Adolescent Weight and Health Behaviors and Their Associations With Individual, Social, and Parental Factors." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 15, no. 12 (2018): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0279.
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Background: To examine the associations and differences between gender and weight classification for physical activity (PA) and individual, social, and parental factors. Methods: Data from wave 2 of the “Growing up in Ireland” national study were used, resulting in a sample of 7525 13-year-old adolescents. Information on factors affecting adolescents’ social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development was collected. Results: Overweight (OW) adolescents were more likely to exercise and restrict food for weight loss and less likely to perform moderate to vigorous PA than normal weight adolescents. Parent body mass index was associated with adolescent body mass index for OW and normal weight adolescents, with the strongest association seen with OW females. Parents of OW adolescents considered themselves to be more OW and less physically active than parents of normal weight adolescents. Furthermore, for all groups, a greater amount of moderate to vigorous PA was associated with less television viewing, greater PA of parents, and a greater number of friends. Conclusion: Parental health behaviors play a significant role in adolescents’ bodyweight, representing the necessity for more constructive health behaviors and PA among parents. Future interventions may be strengthened by focusing specifically on gender and body mass index, while taking into consideration the importance of parental behaviors on adolescents.
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Chae, Myungah, and Sophia Jihey Chung. "Clustering of South Korean Adolescents’ Health-Related Behaviors by Gender: Using a Latent Class Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (2021): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063129.
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Background: Health-related behaviors during adolescence could influence adolescents’ health outcomes, leading to either advantageous or deteriorative conditions. Clustering of adolescents’ health-related behaviors by gender identifies the target groups for intervention and informs the strategies to be implemented for behavioral changes. Methods: Data from 1807 adolescents in grades 7 and 10 in a city in South Korea were used. Health-related behaviors including eating habits, physical activity, hand washing, brushing teeth, drinking alcohol, smoking, and Internet use were examined. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of adolescents with regard to their health-related behaviors. Results: A four-class model was the most adequate grouping classification across genders: adolescents with (1) healthy behaviors, (2) neither health-promoting nor health-risk behaviors, (3) good hygiene behaviors, and (4) unhealthy behaviors. The majority of both male and female adolescents were classified into the healthy group. Male adolescents belonging to the healthy group were more likely to engage in vigorous physical activities, while vigorous physical activity was not important for female adolescents. The smallest group was the unhealthy group, regardless of gender; however, the proportion of boys in the unhealthy group was almost twice that of girls. Only female adolescents engaged in excessive Internet use, especially the group with neither health-promoting nor health-risk behaviors. Conclusion: To improve adolescents’ health-related behaviors, it would be more effective to develop tailored interventions considering the behavioral profiles of the target groups.
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Lambert, Nadine. "The Contribution of Childhood ADHD, Conduct Problems, and Stimulant Treatment to Adolescent and Adult Tobacco and Psychoactive Substance Abuse." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (2005): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.7.3.197.
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The investigation capitalizes on a 28-year prospective longitudinal study of hyperactive (ADHD) and age mate control participants identified from among 5212 elementary school children in randomly sampled classrooms from grades kindergarten through 5. The participants were followed from childhood through adolescence and interviewed 3 times in adulthood to document their life histories and the ages and use of licit and illicit substances over the developmental course. The Children’s Attention and Adjustment survey provided parent and teacher rating scales of the cardinal symptoms of ADHD—inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity—as well as ratings of conduct problems. The ratings were available at baseline, making possible the classification of all of the participants by research diagnostic proxies for DSM-IV ADHD. The substance use data included the age of initiation into tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamines, daily smoking and lifetime use of the substances, and DSM-III-R diagnoses of psychoactive substance use disorder at an average age of 26. Survival analysis of the age of regular smoking showed that the severity of ADHD symptoms lowered the survival rate for regular smoking. Severity of conduct problems also lowered the survival rate. Stimulant treatment affected lower survival rates, and when participants were classified by the age when stimulant treatment stopped, a protective effect was evident: Regular smoking did not begin until stimulant treatment ended. But the protective effect was short-lived. Those who had been treated with stimulants were significantly more likely to be daily smokers in adulthood. Chi-square analysis of ADHD, problem behavior and stimulant treatment showed a significant association between ADHD and between stimulant treatment and DSM-III-R diagnoses of tobacco dependence, and cocaine dependence. ADHD was also significantly associated with amphetamine dependence. Childhood conduct problems were significantly associated only with tobacco dependence. ADHD and stimulant treatment were each significantly associated with daily smoking in adulthood. Stimulant treatment was associated as well with lifetime use of amphetamine, and conduct problems only with the lifetime use of marijuana. Logistic regression was used to model the prediction of psychoactive substance dependence and lifetime use. Being initiated into tobacco by age 13 increased the odds of dependence on all of the substances in the investigation. Severity of ADHD increased the odds of dependence on tobacco, cocaine, amphetamine, and cocaine/amphetamine when the contribution of other variables in the analysis was accounted for. Stimulant treatment increased the odds of dependence on tobacco, cocaine, and cocaine/amphetamine. The logistic regressions for lifetime use as the dependent variable showed that being initiated into tobacco by age 13 increased the risk for lifetime use of all of the substances. Having been treated with stimulants increased the odds of adult daily smoking and lifetime use of amphetamine and cocaine/amphetamines. ADHD and problem behavior did not increase the odds of either daily smoking or lifetime use of any of the substances. The study supported hypotheses that tobacco serves as a gateway substance for dependence and lifetime use of all of the substances investigated. Self-medication, problem behavior, and sensitization hypotheses were discussed as possible explanations for the findings.
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Kitsantas, Panagiota, Trent W. Moore, and David F. Sly. "Using classification trees to profile adolescent smoking behaviors." Addictive Behaviors 32, no. 1 (2007): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.014.
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Pivnick, Lilla K., Rachel A. Gordon, and Robert Crosnoe. "Crowd Sourcing: Do Peer Crowd Prototypes Match Reality?" Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 3 (2020): 272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272520936228.
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During the transition into high school, adolescents sort large sets of unfamiliar peers into prototypical peer crowds thought to share similar values, behaviors, and interests (e.g., Jocks). Often, such sorting is based solely on appearance. This study investigates the accuracy of this sorting process in relation to actual characteristics using video and survey data from a longitudinal sample of U.S. youths who attended high school in the mid- to late-2000s. To simulate this sorting process, we asked same-birth-cohort strangers to view short videos of youths at age 15 and to classify those strangers into likely crowd membership. We then compared the classifications they made to how adolescents characterized themselves at that same time point. Results show that peer crowd classification predicts aspects of unknown peers’ mental health, academic achievement, extracurricular involvement, social status, and risk-taking behaviors.
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Korenblum, M., H. Golombek, P. Marton, and B. Stein. "The Classification of Disturbed Personality Functioning in Early Adolescence." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (1987): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200507.
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This study describes disturbed personality functioning in early adolescence. A non-clinical sample of 63 thirteen year olds underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview as part of a longitudinal study investigating the relationship between competence in personality functioning and development. The presence of personality disturbance was determined by two psychiatrists who rated the adolescents on a personality functions scale. The raters then described the type of disturbance using Axis II of DSM-III as a guideline. Forty-six percent of the sample were found to have some degree of disturbed personality functioning. Of these, over one-half fell into a cluster comprised of avoidant, dependent, compulsive, or passive-aggressive types, while another third were characterized by antisocial tendencies. Severity of disturbance was not related to type of disturbance. Ratings of behaviour by teachers and parents supported the division of subjects with personality dysfunction into two broad groups: an anxious, fearful, “quiet” cluster; and a group of more “acting out”, disturbing individuals. However, parents and teachers could not distinguish the “quiet” group from teenagers who were free of disturbed personality functioning. These data indicate that it is possible to classify a segment of a non-clinical population of young adolescents who had personality dysfunction using Axis II of DSM-III as a guideline. Furthermore, such a group of teenagers is not homogeneous. They distribute themselves into internalizing and externalizing clusters.
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Skitka, Linda J., Andrea L. Piatt, Timothy U. Ketterson, and H. Russell Searight. "OFFENSE CLASSIFICATION AND SOCIAL FACILITATION IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 21, no. 4 (1993): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1993.21.4.339.
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Considerable research has investigated the effects of social facilitation on either positive or neutral behaviors, but little if any research has examined whether the presence of others can lead to greater levels of negative behavior. The purpose of this project was to explore the influence of social facilitation on patterns and severity of offenses committed by juvenile delinquents. Study l compared the severity of crime (as measured by the offense classification) as a function of 130 currently incarcerated juvenile delinquents' self-reports of whether their crime was committed alone or with others. Results suggested that juveniles tend to act in concert with others in delinquent acts. White females tended to act in concert with others more than African-American female adolescents in the commission of delinquent acts. However, no significant effects were found for social facilitation and severity of crime, even when controlling for MMPI lie scores. Study 2 addressed the same question, but used an archival approach. Data was obtained for criminal charges and whether the crime happened in the presence or absence of others from random sample of 30 records from a juvenile delinquency home. The best predictor of severity of crime from this sample was the number of people involved with the crime. The study therefore provides limited support for Zajonc's drive theory that suggests social facilitation can have a non-directional effect on behavior.
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van Leeuwen, Abram J., and Ruth Mace. "Life history factors, personality and the social clustering of sexual experience in adolescents." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 10 (2016): 160257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160257.
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Adolescent sexual behaviour may show clustering in neighbourhoods, schools and friendship networks. This study aims to assess how experience with sexual intercourse clusters across the social world of adolescents and whether predictors implicated by life history theory or personality traits can account for its between-individual variation and social patterning. Using data on 2877 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we ran logistic multiple classification models to assess the clustering of sexual experience by approximately 17.5 years in schools, neighbourhoods and friendship networks. We examined how much clustering at particular levels could be accounted for by life history predictors and Big Five personality factors. Sexual experience exhibited substantial clustering in friendship networks, while clustering at the level of schools and neighbourhoods was minimal, suggesting a limited role for socio-ecological influences at those levels. While life history predictors did account for some variation in sexual experience, they did not explain clustering in friendship networks. Personality, especially extraversion, explained about a quarter of friends' similarity. After accounting for life history factors and personality, substantial unexplained similarity among friends remained, which may reflect a tendency to associate with similar individuals or the social transmission of behavioural norms.
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Fortes, Leonardo de Sousa, Sebastiao de Sousa Almeida, Flavia Marcele Cipriani, and Maria Elisa C. Ferreira. "Inappropriate eating behavior: a longitudinal study with female adolescents." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 32, no. 1 (2014): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822014000100014.
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Objective: To evaluate the inappropriate eating behaviors (IEB) of female adolescents over a one-year period. Methods: 290 adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years old participated in the three research stages (T1: first four months, T2: second four months and T3: third four months). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was applied to assess the IEB. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) in the three study periods. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to analyze the data, adjusted for the scores of the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Brazil Economic Classification Criteria. Results: Girls at T1 showed a higher frequency of IEB compared to T2 (p=0.001) and T3 (p=0.001). The findings also indicated higher values for BMI in T3 in relation to T1 (p=0.04). The other comparisons did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: IEB scores of female adolescents declined over one year.
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McCoy, Stephanie M., and Kristen Morgan. "Obesity, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing peers." Autism 24, no. 2 (2019): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319861579.
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Decreased engagement in beneficial physical activity and increased levels of sedentary behavior and unhealthy weight are a continued public health concern in adolescents. Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder may be at an increased risk compared with their typically developing peers. Weekly physical activity, sedentary behavior, and body mass index classification were compared among adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. Analyses included 33,865 adolescents (autism spectrum disorder, n = 1036) from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health (United States). After adjustment for covariates, adolescents with autism spectrum disorder were found to engage in less physical activity and were more likely to be overweight and obese compared with their typically developing peers ( p’s < 0.05). As parent-reported autism spectrum disorder severity increased, the adjusted odds of being overweight and obese significantly increased and physical activity participation decreased ( p-for-trends < 0.001). The findings suggest there is a need for targeted programs to decrease unhealthy weight status and support physical activity opportunities for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder across the severity spectrum.
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B., Falissard. "Classifications in child and adolescent psychiatry: A risky business?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800284502.
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Psychiatrists, like most physicians, are fascinated by their classifications. Like art critics that distinguish surrealists, cubists, hyperrealists, minimalists, etc. psychiatrists try to reveal patterns of symptoms, emotions or behaviors from the patients they see in their day-to-day practice. But psychiatric disorders are not used and determined only by psychiatrists. As pointed by P. Zachar (2015), psychiatric disorders can be considered as biological dysfunction, patterns of symptoms helpful for treatment and prognosis, categories used by health insurances, categories used by judges, words used in the media, concepts used by sociologists (“The weariness of the self”, Alain Eherenberg).We will discuss in the conference what science can say about this confusion and what clinicians should consider for their clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Rani, Gurram Sudha, and Bollampalli Baburao. "A study on prevalence of anaemia and various factors influencing anaemia among adolescent girls in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical College." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 9 (2017): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173837.
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Background: Adolescents in India represent over 1/5th (22.3%) of total population. Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest medical disorder and is a problem of serious public health condition with epidemic proportions. It has significant impact on physical, psychological development, immunity, behaviour, and work performance. The objectives of the study were to determine prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls and to study the various factors associated with anaemia in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical CollegeMethods: A total of 760 adolescent girls (380 in each area) were interviewed and examined. BMI was calculated with anthropometric calculator available in WHO anthroplus. Method of haemoglobin estimation is by cyneamethe-heamoglobin. Anaemia was classified based on WHO classification. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 74.5% and 82.6% in rural and urban area respectively. In rural area, 84 (87.5%) of girls were anaemic who were menstruating more than 7 days and only 31 (45.6%) were anaemic who were menstruating less than 3 days. Majority of married subjects were anaemic in both urban (82.4%) and rural (95.8%) area. Religion did not have significant relation with anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia was more in lower and lower middle class. In the present study majority of thin girls were anaemic in both rural (97.4%) and urban (94.8%) area with significant statistical association. In present study those who were taking meat more than once a week had less percentage of anaemia 38 (36.9). Those respondents who never took green leafy vegetables have more prevalence of anaemia in both areas. All were statistically associated. Conclusions: Anaemia which is a very serious problem in adolescent girls requires urgent action and practicable interventions
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Kosticova, Michaela, Daniela Husarova, and Zuzana Dankulincova. "Difficulties in Getting to Sleep and their Association with Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents: Does the Sleeping Duration Influence this Association?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (2020): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051691.
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Sleep problems are common in adolescence with a negative impact on the mental health and functioning of adolescents. However, the roles of different sleep problems in relation to emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs), classified according to the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and social functioning disorders, are not clear. The first aim of the study was to investigate the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs in adolescents. The second aim was to explore the role of sleep duration in this association. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia. Presented are results for specific age groups of 13-year-old (N = 1909) and 15-year-old (N = 1293) adolescents. Subjective measures of sleep variables were used. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to assess associations between difficulties in getting to sleep, sleep duration and EBPs measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Modification of the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs by sleep duration was also explored. We found that difficulties in getting to sleep at least once a week as well as insufficient sleep (less than 8 h) increased the probability of EBPs. Interactions of sleep duration with difficulties in getting to sleep on EBPs were found to be non-significant. The results suggest that caregivers and clinicians should screen and intervene for both sleep quality and quantity problems in adolescents as they might indicate and promote EBPs.
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May, Alexis M., Ewa K. Czyz, and Brady T. West. "Differentiating Adolescent Suicide Attempters and Ideators: A Classification Tree Analysis of Risk Behaviors." Journal of Adolescent Health 67, no. 6 (2020): 837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.018.
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INOUE, Hiromitsu, Tatsuo UJIIE, Katsumi NINOMIYA, Atsushi IGARASHI, and Chika YAMAMOTO. "Developmental study on Japanese adolescents' social behavior(91) -their victimazion and it's classification-." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 1PM—086–1PM—086. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1pm-086.
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Fergusson, David M., Joseph M. Boden, and L. John Horwood. "Classification of behavior disorders in adolescence: Scaling methods, predictive validity, and gender differences." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 119, no. 4 (2010): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018610.
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Dixon, C., A. Aspinall, S. Rolfe, and C. Stevens. "Acceptability of intravenous propofol sedation for adolescent dental care." European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 21, no. 3 (2019): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40368-019-00482-0.
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Abstract Purpose Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic agent commonly utilised in general anaesthesia, however in sub-anaesthetic concentrations can be utilised to provide sedation through automated dosing of target-controlled infusion (TCI). TCI has been shown to provide accurate and stable predicted plasma and effect-site concentrations of propofol. A four-part mixed-method prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and patient acceptability of intravenous propofol sedation in adolescent patients requiring dental care. There is a paucity in the literature on patient-reported outcomes and patient safety in the management of adolescent patients for dental treatment. Methods Demographics were recorded including age, gender, ASA Classification and Children’s Fear Survey Schedule—Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) completed pre-operatively. Behaviour ratings of the Frankl and Houpt scales were recorded followed by post-operative questionnaire and telephone consultation. Consultation was completed following the procedure to determine patient satisfaction, memory of the procedure and any reported side effects of treatment. Qualitative thematic analysis was utilised. Results 55 patients were recruited for the study, of which 49 (mean age 14.67 years) completed the sedation study and were treated safely with no post-operative complications. The mean lowest oxygen saturation was 98.12% SpO2 (SD 2.6). Thematic analysis demonstrated positive patient-reported outcomes to IV sedation. Conclusion Propofol TCI sedation is an effective treatment modality for the management of dentally anxious adolescents as a safe alternative to general anaesthesia, allowing the opportunity for increased provision of treatment per visit on those patients with a high dental need. Further randomised controlled trials comparing propofol TCI to other pharmacological managements are required.
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Sanjeevi, Namrata, Leah M. Lipsky, Tonja R. Nansel, Denise Haynie, Aiyi Liu, and Bruce Simons-Morton. "Stronger State School Nutrition Laws Are Associated With Healthier Eating Behaviors and Optimal Weight Status in US Adolescents." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 8 (2020): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117120902346.
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Purpose: To investigate relationships of farm-to-school, school meal, and competitive food state laws with eating behaviors and weight status and to examine interaction between different types of state laws. Design: Observational cohort study. Settings: US adolescents. Participants: The NEXT study is a nationally representative sample of adolescents assessed annually for 7 years. Data (N = 2751) from students attending public schools from the first (W1) and third (W3) assessment waves (2010 and 2012), occurring during grades 10 and 12, respectively, of the NEXT study were included. Measures: Eating behaviors and weight status of adolescents were linked with Classification of Laws Associated with School Students scoring for state laws. Analysis: Regression analyses examined associations of laws with intake and weight status, accounting for complex survey design and school-level clustering. Results: Adolescents in states with strong farm-to-school laws had greater W1 whole fruit, lower soda, and snack intakes versus those in states with no laws. Strong school meal laws were associated with lower W1 soda intake. Adolescents in states with strong competitive food laws had lower soda intake and overweight/obesity odds than those in states with no laws in W3. Strong farm-to-school laws were inversely associated with W3 overweight/obesity odds only in states with strong competitive food laws. Conclusions: Stronger laws governing school nutrition were related to healthier eating behaviors and optimal weight status in this nationally representative sample of adolescents. Further, farm-to-school laws may be more effective in reducing obesity when combined with strong competitive food legislation.
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Fortes, Leonardo de Sousa, Flavia Marcele Cipriani, and Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira. "Risk behaviors for eating disorder: factors associated in adolescent students." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 35, no. 4 (2013): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2012-0055.
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INTRODUCTION: Evidence shows that the prevalence of risk behaviors for eating disorders (RBED) among young people has increased in recent years. Body dissatisfaction, excessive exercise, body composition, economic status, and ethnicity may be risk factors for RBED. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of body dissatisfaction, psychological commitment to exercise, body fat, nutritional status, economic class, and ethnicity with RBED in adolescents. METHOD: This study included 562 boys and girls aged 10 to 15 years. We used the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to assess RBED. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES) were used to measure body dissatisfaction and commitment to exercise, respectively. Skin fold thickness was measured to classify body fat according to sex. Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and classify participants according to nutritional status. The economic class was recorded according to the Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion. A questionnaire was used to record ethnicity, age and sex. Binary logistic regression was used to determine associations between variables. RESULTS: The results showed an association of RBED with body dissatisfaction, CES scores, and economic class among girls (p < 0.05). Among boys, body dissatisfaction, body fat, and nutritional status were associated with RBED (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Even though body dissatisfaction had the highest odds ratio, other variables were also associated with RBED.
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Gee, Kevin A. "Maltreatment Profiles of Child Welfare–Involved Children in Special Education: Classification and Behavioral Consequences." Exceptional Children 86, no. 3 (2019): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014402919870830.
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In this study, I investigated the maltreatment profiles of child welfare–involved children in special education and examined how those profiles influenced their internalizing and externalizing behaviors. I analyzed data on a sample of 290 children (63% male, 37% female, Mage = 11 years) from the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being II. When weighted, this sample represented approximately 233,000 children involved in the child welfare system and in special education. Results from latent class analyses revealed four maltreatment classes, listed by predominance: supervisory neglect, physical abuse, other forms of maltreatment, and sexual abuse. Relative to children in the sexual abuse class, children had higher teacher-reported internalizing problem behaviors if their predominate maltreatment class was either supervisory neglect or physical abuse. Understanding maltreatment and its consequences for child welfare–involved children in special education can help better inform ways to promote their educational success.
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In-Albon, Tina. "Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents." European Psychologist 20, no. 3 (2015): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000229.
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Abstract. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent, pervasive, clinically significant behavior in adolescents, frequently associated with serious social, physical, and psychological consequences. It is characterized by high comorbidity with various disorders. Therefore, NSSI has been included as a research diagnosis in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., American Psychiatric Association (APA; 2013) ; DSM-5; Section 3), as a condition requiring further study for possible future official adoption. This is a positive step toward providing researchers with a uniform definition and criteria. This state-of-the-art article gives an overview of prevalence rates, comorbidity, clinical correlates, functions, and risk factors as well as treatment and dealing with adolescents with NSSI and their Internet activities. Furthermore, the association and differences between NSSI and suicidality as well as borderline personality disorder are reviewed. The article concludes with future directions for research, for example, the dimensional approach to classification of the Research Domain Criteria project.
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Kaniušonytė, Goda, and Brett Laursen. "Parenting styles revisited: A longitudinal person-oriented assessment of perceived parent behavior." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 1 (2020): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520960818.
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The pernicious consequences of parent psychological control are well-established. Parenting style classification schemes, however, typically exclude this behavioral practice, focusing instead on demandingness and responsiveness. The present study applies a person-oriented approach to the classification of parenting styles, taking into account psychological control. Lithuanian adolescents (239 girls, 215 boys; M age = 15.14 at the outset) completed questionnaires at annual intervals across high school, describing parent behavioral control, support, and psychological control. Longitudinal multidimensional latent class growth analysis (LCGA) yielded four parenting style categories. Two conventional groups emerged: authoritative (highest behavioral control and support, lowest psychological control) and indulgent (high support, low behavioral control, lowest psychological control). Two additional groups emerged in lieu of an authoritarian category: enmeshed (high behavioral control and psychological control, intermediate support) and affectively controlling (highest psychological control, lowest behavioral control and support). Children of authoritative parents reported favorable adjustment on a host of indicators, including behavior problems, school engagement, character, self-esteem and interpersonal caring and connection; children of affectively controlling parents reported the poorest adjustment on all variables measured.
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Riddle, Mark. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, S35 (1998): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000297948.
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BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition that usually emerges during childhood or adolescence. Over 80% of individuals with OCD have their onset before age 18 years. Epidemiologic studies suggest a prevalence of 1-2for adolescents.MethodThis article reviews current knowledge of paediatric OCD in the following areas: age of onset, nosology and classification, subtypes, prevalence, aetiology, pathophysiology, assessment, prognosis and treatment.ResultsEssential components of treatment include long-term commitment, care management and illness education. Specific components of treatment include cognitive-behavioural therapy, parent behaviour management training and medication.ConclusionsThe most effective treatments are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. fluvoxamine, sertraline) and exposure/response prevention.
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Białecka-Pikul, Marta, Marta Rynda, and Daria Syrecka. "Constructing a Narrative in the Standard Unexpected Transfer Test in Adolescence and Adulthood." Psychology of Language and Communication 14, no. 1 (2010): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10057-010-0002-9.
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Constructing a Narrative in the Standard Unexpected Transfer Test in Adolescence and Adulthood The aim of the presented research was the replication and extension of the research by Nelson, Plesa and Henseler (1998), which was the basis for examining the nature of the theory of mind or mentalizing ability (that is, the ability to attribute mental states to other people in order to explain and predict their behaviors) in adolescents and adults. Specifically, its experience-like versus theory-like character. The test, an unexpected transfer task (the Max story), was completed by 827 people aged 13 to 75 (average 21.9). Half of them were supposed to solve the task with a shorter version of the story (including only the facts), and the other half were given the longer version (including descriptions of emotions, beliefs of the protagonist and explanations of ongoing events). All of the answers were then categorized applying Nelson's classification and two other types of analysis. Gender, age and fields of interest were taken into account during analysis of the participants' answers. The Polish respondents rarely answered in a narrative way (only 13%, in contrast to Nelson's result of 46%). Despite the fact that age was not a factor corresponding to a narrative answer, it was proven that older respondents did indeed assume the first person perspective when justifying Max's behavior. Women, more often than men, appealed to the knowledge and the protagonist's way of thinking. The respondents' fields of interest did not seem to diversify the obtained results, nor did the version of the story. The results do not allow us to draw unambiguous conclusions about the nature of the adult's theory of mind, but they form the basis for analyzing the methodology of research on theory of mind.
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Diyaningsih, Rofiad Darojad, and Yuni Pratiwi. "Perilaku Abnormal Tokoh dalam Antologi Cerpen Bingung Karya Mahasiswa Psikologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, no. 5 (2021): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i52021p673-682.
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Abstract: This study aims to describe the forms of abnormal behavior, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior in the anthology of Bingung short stories. This is qualitative research using a literary psychology approach with the object of the study being the anthology of Bingung short stories written by the student of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. There are 22 short stories in the anthology, 17 of which meet the criteria. The criteria for analysis are stories presenting a character with abnormal behavior. The behaviors being observed are those in accordance with the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) classification published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). The results of this study indicate, first, that there are four types of abnormal behavior in the anthology, namely (1) anxiety disorders, (2) schizophrenia disorders, (3) dissociative disorders, and (4) abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence. Second, the causes and treatment of abnormal behavior include (1) causes and treatment of anxiety disorders, (2) causes and treatment of schizophrenia, (3) causes and treatment of abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence.
 Keywords: abnormal behavior; characters; the anthology of Bingung short stories
 Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk perilaku abnormal, penyebab, dan penanganan perilaku abnormal dalam antologi cerpen Bingung. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan psikologi sastra dengan objek kajian antologi cerpen Bingung karya mahasiswa UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Terdapat 22 cerpen dalam antologi cerpen Bingung, 17 diantaranya merupakan cerpen yang memenuhi kriteria untuk diteliti. Kriteria cerpen yang diteliti adalah cerpen yang di dalamnya menceritakan seorang tokoh berperilaku abnormal dengan bentuk-bentuk perilaku abnormal yang sesuai dengan pedoman penggolongan perilaku abnormal DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) yang diterbitkan oleh APA (American Psychiatric Association). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pertama, adanya empat tipe perilaku abnormal dalam antologi cerpen Bingung, yaitu (1) gangguan kecemasan, (2) gangguan skizofrenia, (3) gangguan disosiatif, (4) perilaku abnormal pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja. Kedua, Penyebab dan penanganan perilaku abnormal meliputi (1) penyebab dan penanganan gangguan kecemasan, (2) penyebab dan penanganan pada gangguan skizofrenia, (3) penyebab dan penanganan pada perilaku abnormal pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja.
 Kata kunci: perilaku abnormal; tokoh; antologi cerpen bingung
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Ma, Hing Keung. "The Relation of Gender-Role Classifications to the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior of Chinese Adolescents." Journal of Genetic Psychology 166, no. 2 (2005): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/gntp.166.2.189-202.
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Bar-Haim, Simona, Ronit Aviram, Anat Shkedy Rabani, et al. "Effects of Exercise Interventions on Habitual Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy." Pediatric Exercise Science 31, no. 4 (2019): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0254.
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Purpose:Exercise interventions have been shown to increase motor capacities in adolescents with cerebral palsy; however, how they affect habitual physical activity (HPA) and sedentary behavior is unclear. The main objective was to correlate changes in HPA with changes in mobility capacity following exercise interventions.Methods:A total of 54 participants (aged 12–20 y) with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II and III received 4 months of group progressive resistance training or treadmill training. Mobility measurements and HPA (averaged over 96 h) were made before and after interventions.Results:Averaged baseline mobility and HPA measures and improvements in each after both interventions were positively correlated in all participants. Percentage of sedentary/awake time decreased 2%, with significant increases in HPA measures of step count (16%), walk time (14%), and upright time (9%). Mobility measures and HPA changes were quite similar between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels, but improvement in HPA after group progressive resistance training was greater than after treadmill training (12% vs 4%) and correlated with mobility improvement.Conclusions:Mobility capacity improved after these interventions and was clearly associated with improved HPA. The group progressive resistance training intervention seems preferable to improve HPA, perhaps related to greater social interaction and motivation provided by group training.
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Rivas, Ryan, Moloud Shahbazi, Renee Garett, Vagelis Hristidis, and Sean Young. "Mental Health–Related Behaviors and Discussions Among Young Adults: Analysis and Classification." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (2020): e17224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17224.
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Background There have been recurring reports of web-based harassment and abuse among adolescents and young adults through anonymous social networks. Objective This study aimed to explore discussions on the popular anonymous social network Yik Yak related to social and mental health messaging behaviors among college students, including cyberbullying, to provide insights into mental health behaviors on college campuses. Methods From April 6, 2016, to May 7, 2016, we collected anonymous conversations posted on Yik Yak at 19 universities in 4 different states and performed statistical analyses and text classification experiments on a subset of these messages. Results We found that prosocial messages were 5.23 times more prevalent than bullying messages. The frequency of cyberbullying messages was positively associated with messages seeking emotional help. We found significant geographic variation in the frequency of messages offering supportive vs bullying messages. Across campuses, bullying and political discussions were positively associated. We also achieved a balanced accuracy of over 0.75 for most messaging behaviors and topics with a support vector machine classifier. Conclusions Our results show that messages containing data about students’ mental health–related attitudes and behaviors are prevalent on anonymous social networks, suggesting that these data can be mined for real-time analysis. This information can be used in education and health care services to better engage with students, provide insight into conversations that lead to cyberbullying, and reach out to students who need support.
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Karabanova, Olga A. "THE RISKS OF INFORMATION SOCIALIZATION AS A MANIFESTATION CRISIS OF MODERN CHILDHOOD." Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 3 (2020): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2020.03.01.
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The relevance of the article is explained by crisis nature of modern childhood and the risks of informational socialization, reflected in loss of value in becoming mature, the loss of the leading role of education, and the growth of deviant behavior in children and adolescents. Social anomie and cultural deprivation create a diverse information environment that poses the risks of promoting the cult of violence, cruelty, extremism, suicidal behavior, involving children and adolescents in the consumption of psychoactive substances, the formation of Internet addiction and computer gaming addiction. The purpose of the article is to analyze risk management capabilities of information socialization as a manifestation of a childhood crisis. Methods — theoretical and comparative analysis, generalization. The results. The risks of information socialization associated with a low level of information security are highlighted. Significant age-related psychological characteristics of the child are identified and analyzed. These characteristics determine the effect of the psychological impact of information products on the development of the child. They are specified for preschool, primary school age, younger and older adolescents. A comparative analysis of the features of cognitive activity and mental development is presented: the degree of vulnerability of the child to the effects of harmful content; preservation of psychological well-being; readiness to imitate the social patterns of behavior presented on the Internet. The tasks to ensure informational security of children and adolescents have been specified. Conclusions. Accounting for age-related psychological characteristics will allow to create an effective risk management system for informational socialization of children. Such a system includes the tasks of the age classification of information products and building the developing content of the information environment. The creation of interdisciplinary science of social ecology of childhood will make it possible to make significant progress in overcoming the crisis of modern childhood.
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WITHERS, Joseana Wendling, Sandra Baggio MUZZOLON, and Marise Bueno ZONTA. "Influence of adapted hip-hop dancing on quality of life and social participation among children/adolescents with cerebral palsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 10 (2019): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190124.
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ABSTRACT To describe the influence of adapted hip-hop dancing on the quality of life (QoL) and biopsychosocial profile of children/adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Pilot study including 18 children/adolescents with CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II. Nine participants took part in an adapted hip-hop dance practice (study group; SG), and nine others served as the control group (CG). All participants were assessed with the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and the Child Behavior Checklist at baseline and after at least three months of dance practice and a public performance (SG) or a similar period without intervention (CG). Results Improvement in QoL was observed in the SG in the domains of transfer and basic mobility (p = 0.00*), sporting and physical function (p = 0.04*), and global function and symptoms (p = 0.01*). In the SG, there was a reduction in emotional and behavioral problems and an increase in social competence in the biopsychosocial profile. Greater participation in adapted hip-hop dancing was associated with a greater gain in the transfer and basic mobility domains (p = 0.05*) of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and in the activities (p = 0.05*) and social (p = 0.04*) scales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Conclusions Children/adolescents with CP participating in adapted hip-hop dance practice showed improvement in QoL and biopsychosocial profile scores.
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Cristi-Montero, Carlos, Palma Chillón, Idoia Labayen, et al. "Cardiometabolic risk through an integrative classification combining physical activity and sedentary behavior in European adolescents: HELENA study." Journal of Sport and Health Science 8, no. 1 (2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.03.004.
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