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1
Cantwell, Dennis P. "Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37, no. 1 (January 1996): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01377.x.
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Westen, Drew, Lissa Dutra, and Jonathan Shedler. "Assessing adolescent personality pathology." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 3 (March 2005): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.3.227.
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BackgroundPersonality pathology constitutes a major form of psychopathology in adolescents.AimsTo examine the reliability and validity of a Q-sort instrument for assessing adolescent personality pathology designed for clinically experienced informants.MethodA sample of 294 randomly selected psychiatrists and psychologists each provided data on a current patient, aged 14–18 years. Clinicians completed several measures, including the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure for Adolescents (SWAP–200–A).ResultsFactor analysis identified II dimensions of adolescent personality: psychopathology/malignant narcissism, dysphoria/inhibition, psychological health, histrionic sexualisation, schizotypy, sexual conflict, emotional dysregulation, anxious obsessionality, peer rejection, delinquent behaviour and attentional dysregulation. These correlated in predicted ways with a range of criterion variables, including measures of adaptive functioning, Axis II pathology, the Five Factor Model and the Child Behavior Checklist.ConclusionsThe SWAP–200–A shows promise as an instrument for assessing personality pathology in adolescents. Trait dimensions such as delinquent behaviour and emotional dysregulation may prove useful additions to a classification of personality.
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Rutter, Michael, and Rudolf Uher. "Classification issues and challenges in child and adolescent psychopathology." International Review of Psychiatry 24, no. 6 (December 2012): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.719862.
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CANTWELL, DENNIS P., and LORIAN BAKER. "Issues in the Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 27, no. 5 (September 1988): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198809000-00001.
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Everhart Newman, Jan L., Jessica L. Larsen, Kelli Thompson, Melissa Cyperski, and Barry R. Burkhart. "Heterogeneity in Male Adolescents With Illegal Sexual Behavior: A Latent Profile Approach to Classification." Sexual Abuse 31, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 789–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063218784554.
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Current research has established that male adolescents with illegal sexual behavior (AISB) are a heterogeneous population. We aimed to explore this within-group heterogeneity to derive clinically relevant groups of AISB using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). We then compared these groups on selected covariates (age at intake, minority status, and child maltreatment history) and distal outcomes (general, nonviolent, violent, drug, and sexual recidivism 5 years after release) to identify any differences. The sample consisted of 698 male AISB (age = 11-20 years) referred to a secure juvenile facility for assessment and treatment. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using the clinical and personality scales of the MACI to identify AISB groups and examine group differences. Four unique AISB groups emerged: Anxious, Depressed/Anxious, Dysthymic/Disorganized, and Antisocial. Groups differed on age at intake and child maltreatment history, but not minority status. At 5-year follow up, groups differed in their rates of general, nonsexual, and violent recidivism but not in their rates of sexual or drug recidivism. Clinically relevant AISB groups can be identified using personality and psychopathology indicators from the MACI. Implications for the assessment and treatment of AISB, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Evans, Spencer C., Geoffrey M. Reed, and John E. Lochman. "DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN THE ICD-11: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW DATA." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 61, no. 10 (October 2022): S279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.564.
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Harden, K. Paige, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, and Jennifer L. Tackett. "The Texas Twin Project." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (October 30, 2012): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.97.
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Socioeconomic position, racial/ethnic minority status, and other characteristics of the macro-environment may be important moderators of genetic influence on a wide array of psychosocial outcomes. Designed to maximize representation of low socioeconomic status families and racial/ethnic minorities, the Texas Twin Project is an ongoing study of school-age twins (preschool through 12th grade) enrolled in public schools in the Austin, Texas and Houston, Texas metropolitan areas. School rosters are used to identify twin families from a target population with sizable populations of African American (18%), Hispanic/Latino (48%), and non-Hispanic White (27%) children and adolescents, over half of whom meet US guidelines for classification as economically disadvantaged. Initial efforts have focused on a large-scale, family-based survey study involving both parent and child reports of personality, psychopathology, physical health, academic interests, parent–child relationships, and aspects of the home environment. In addition, the Texas Twin Project is the basis for an in-laboratory study of adolescent decision-making, delinquency, and substance use. Future directions include geographic expansion of the sample to the entire state of Texas (with a population of over 25 million) and genotyping of participating twins.
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Kumsta, Robert, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, and Michael Rutter. "Adolescent callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder in adoptees exposed to severe early deprivation." British Journal of Psychiatry 200, no. 3 (March 2012): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.089441.
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BackgroundThere is a debate over whether disruptive behaviour should be regarded as a central component of, or rather as an epiphenomenon with little diagnostic value for, psychopathy.AimsTo test whether callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder can be dissociated in the English and Romanian Adoptee Study, a prospective longitudinal study of adopted individuals with a history of severe early institutional deprivation.MethodThe Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment was used to establish DSM-IV diagnoses for conduct disorder (and also oppositional defiant disorder) at the 15-year follow-up stage. The Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits questionnaire was administered to assess psychopathy traits.ResultsThere was no significant association between callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder, both according to parent and youth self-report assessed categorically and dimensionally after controlling for confounds.ConclusionsThe majority of individuals with high callous–unemotional traits did not show conduct disorder in this special sample of children. This supports the view that, while common, an overlap between these aspects of psychopathology is not inevitable and so provides evidence for the dissociation of these two concepts. In terms of classification, we argue for a diagnostic scheme where psychopathy can be diagnosed independently of conduct disorder.
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Kaimal, Ganga G., Varghese P. Punnoose, and Saibunnisa Beevi K. "Influence of Family Environment on Childhood Emotional and Behavioural Disorders." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 7, no. 44 (November 2, 2020): 2544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2020/526.
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BACKGROUND India has a large proportion of child and adolescent population. Psychiatric disorders are common among children and adolescents, but they are often underdiagnosed. Family environment influences psychopathology in young children. Identification of risk factors for child psychiatric disorders can lead to early identification of children at risk and facilitation of preventive interventions. METHODS The study was conducted among 103 children attending the Child Guidance Clinic (CGC) in a tertiary care institute in Kerala. A specially prepared proforma was used to obtain the sociodemographic profile and clinical variables. Global Family Environment Scale was used to assess the quality of family environment. ICD 10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders was used for making diagnosis, and Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices was used for assessing intelligence. RESULTS Emotional disorders were seen more commonly in girls, and in older age group. Children with behavioural disorders were below average in academics and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in socioeconomic status, locality, family type, family history of psychiatric illness, and in family environment. CONCLUSIONS Though there was no statistically significant difference, family history of psychiatric illness and poor and moderately unsatisfactory family environment was observed in a large proportion of children. This finding may have implication in management of childhood psychiatric disorders. KEYWORDS Family Environment, Children, Emotional Disorders, Behavioural Disorders
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González-Bueso, Vega, Juan Santamaría, Ignasi Oliveras, Daniel Fernández, Elena Montero, Marta Baño, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez, and Joan Ribas. "Internet Gaming Disorder Clustering Based on Personality Traits in Adolescents, and Its Relation with Comorbid Psychological Symptoms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051516.
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In recent years, the evidence regarding Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) suggests that some personality traits are important risk factors for developing this problem. The heterogeneity involved in problematic online gaming and differences found in the literature regarding the comorbid psychopathology associated with the problem could be explained through different types of gamers. Clustering analysis can allow organization of a collection of personality traits into clusters based on similarity. The objectives of this study were: (1) to obtain an empirical classification of IGD patients according to personality variables and (2) to describe the resultant groups in terms of clinical and sociodemographic variables. The sample included 66 IGD adolescent patients who were consecutive referrals at a mental health center in Barcelona, Spain. A Gaussian mixture model cluster analysis was used in order to classify the subjects based on their personality. Two clusters based on personality traits were detected: type I “higher comorbid symptoms” (n = 24), and type II “lower comorbid symptoms” (n = 42). The type I included higher scores in introversive, inhibited, doleful, unruly, forceful, oppositional, self-demeaning and borderline tendency traits, and lower scores in histrionic, egotistic and conforming traits. The type I obtained higher scores on all the Symptom Check List-90 items-Revised, all the State-Trait Anxiety Index scales, and on the DSM-5 IGD criteria. Differences in personality can be useful in determining clusters with different types of dysfunctionality.
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Dukanac, Vesna, Tamara Dzamonja-Ignjatovic, Marko Milanovic, and Branislava Popovic-Citic. "Differences in temperament and character dimensions in adolescents with various conduct disorders." Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, no. 4 (2016): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp141007022d.
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Background/Aim. Adolescence is characterized both by a large developmental potential and by an increased risk for emergence of different forms of psychopathology. International classifications of mental disorders recognize the psychopathology of adolescence at the age of 15?18 through the categories of conduct disorders and some forms of addiction: chemical and non-chemical. The aim of this research was to analyse the personality structure among four groups of adolescents manifesting different types of conduct disorder based on Cloninger?s Psychobiological theory of personality. Methods. The research sample consisted of 140 respondents at the age of 16?18, divided into five groups: 30 respondents manifesting socialized conduct disorder, 20 adolescents in conflict with the law, 30 respondents manifesting abuse of psychoactive substances, 30 respondents with the problem of the Internet addiction and 30 from general population. The Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory (BAPI) questionnaire was used for the purpose of assessment of personality. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), followed by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences between the given groups of adolescents. Results. The results of MANOVA show differences in the personality structure among the groups, both in the dimensions of temperament, F (20,418.84) = 2.71, p < 0.001, Wilks?s lambda 0.67, and in the dimensions of character, F (12,344.24) = 3.27, p < 0.001, Wilks?s lambda is 0.75. Socialized conduct disorder is characterized by low selfdirectedness and average cooperativeness. Adolescents in conflict with the law have the lowest persistence, together with low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Adolescents abusing psychoactive substances have low harm avoidance and self-transcendence. Adolescents with Internet addiction are characterized by high novelty seeking (impulsivity and curiosity), low self-directedness and the lowest cooperativeness. Conclusion. The results show that the dimensions of personality can play an important role in etiopathogenesis of various disorders in adolescents.
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Castellini, G., J. Ristori, and T. Steensma. "Psychopathology in adult transgender people." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.151.
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Transgender people represent a broad spectrum of individuals that transiently or persistently identify with a gender different from the one assigned at birth (APA, 2013). Transgender healthcare issues have become an increased matter of interest over the last years, as shown by the growth of publications on the subject and by the increase of referrals reported worldwide in all age groups. However, transgender people report encountering numerous obstacles in accessing and receiving appropriate health care with professionals being described as not properly trained on specific gender issues. Considering the diversity and complexity of the gender spectrum in the different age groups and in light of the recent changes in the formal psychiatric classification, mental health providers play a critical role in meeting the needs of gender non-conforming children, adolescents and adults, according to individualized paths. This course has the following aims: (1) learn the principles of assessment of gender incongruence in childhood, adolescence and adulthood; (2) address co-occurring psychopathology (if present); (3) identify different treatment paths according to age and individualized psychological and/or medical needs; (4) work in a multidisciplinary team in line with an integrated model.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Hendriks, Jean Harris, and Martin Newman. "Psychological trauma in children and adolescents." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 1, no. 6 (July 1995): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.1.6.170.
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During the last decade, direct work with children who have experienced public disaster or private catastrophe, such as abuse, neglect and other intrafamilial crime, has led to the recognition that classifications of post-traumatic stress disorder are relevant to childhood psychopathology. Comorbidity is common. Traumatised children who also are bereaved or dislocated are hindered in mourning and in the capacity to sustain or form attachments. Adult psychopathology often may be linked with unrecognised or underestimated effects of psychological trauma during childhood and adolescence. This paper discusses therapeutic interventions, outlines research hypotheses and provides an introductory bibliography.
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Sawant, Neena S., Suraj S. Singh, Sachin Mahajan, and Sangeeta H. Ravat. "A Retrospective Analysis of Psychiatric Presurgical Evaluation of Children and Adolescents Evaluated for Epilepsy Surgery in a Comprehensive Epilepsy Care Unit of Mumbai." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 13, no. 01 (January 2022): 095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742159.
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Abstract Background Epilepsy being one of the most prevalent neurological diseases in children is associated with psychopathology and academic concerns. Epilepsy surgery is considered for refractory epilepsy at some centers in India and hence this study was undertaken to find out prevalence and type of psychopathology in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy before epilepsy surgery. Methods All data were analyzed from the records of patients undergoing preepilepsy surgery protocol workup in comprehensive center of epilepsy care at a general municipal hospital in Mumbai. A record of 150 children and adolescents in the age group of 3 to 18 years over a period of 10 years was taken and all details of demographics, epilepsy, and psychopathology were recorded. Results The mean age for our sample was 11.4 ± 3.4 years and a male preponderance was seen. Majority (80%) of the children were pursuing education. The duration of seizure disorder was approximately 4.41 + 2.36 years and complex partial seizures were seen commonly in 50% of the children. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and video electroencephalography (VEEG) findings revealed right sided lateralization followed by left in majority of the patients. Psychopathology was seen in 70 (46%) patients with mental retardation, hyperkinetic disorders affecting attention and activity and oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified mental disorder due to underlying brain damage being the type of International Classification of Disease-10th Revision (ICD-10) disorders seen. Patients with psychopathology showed a left-sided predominance on their MRI and VEEG findings for laterality of the epileptogenic focus as compared with right side. Conclusion Refractory seizures and associated psychopathology impact family life, friendships, and academics and worsen prognosis and quality of life. Screening for psychopathology in children with epilepsy would therefore lead to better outcomes especially prior to epilepsy surgery.
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Scott, Jan, Jacob J. Crouse, Nicholas Ho, Frank Iorfino, Nicholas Martin, Richard Parker, John McGrath, Nathan A. Gillespie, Sarah Medland, and Ian B. Hickie. "Early expressions of psychopathology and risk associated with trans-diagnostic transition to mood and psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252550.
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Objectives The heterogeneity and comorbidity of major mental disorders presenting in adolescents and young adults has fostered calls for trans-diagnostic research. This study examines early expressions of psychopathology and risk and trans-diagnostic caseness in a community cohort of twins and non-twin siblings. Methods Using data from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study, we estimated median number of self-rated psychiatric symptoms, prevalence of subthreshold syndromes, family history of mood and/or psychotic disorders, and likelihood of subsequent trans-diagnostic caseness (individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for mood and/or psychotic syndromes). Next, we used cross-validated Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analyses to identify the nature and relative importance of individual self-rated symptoms that predicted trans-diagnostic caseness. We examined the positive and negative predictive values (PPV; NPV) and accuracy of all classifications (Area under the Curve and 95% confidence intervals: AUC; 95% CI). Results Of 1815 participants (Female 1050, 58%; mean age 26.40), more than one in four met caseness criteria for a mood and/or psychotic disorder. Examination of individual factors indicated that the AUC was highest for subthreshold syndromes, followed by family history then self-rated psychiatric symptoms, and that NPV always exceeded PPV for caseness. In contrast, the CHAID analysis (adjusted for age, sex, twin status) generated a classification tree comprising six trans-diagnostic symptoms. Whilst the contribution of two symptoms (need for sleep; physical activity) to the model was more difficult to interpret, CHAID analysis indicated that four self-rated symptoms (sadness; feeling overwhelmed; impaired concentration; paranoia) offered the best discrimination between cases and non-cases. These four symptoms showed different associations with family history status. Conclusions The findings need replication in independent cohorts. However, the use of CHAID might provide a means of identifying specific subsets of trans-diagnostic symptoms representing clinical phenotypes that predict transition to caseness in individuals at risk of onset of major mental disorders.
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ZAHN–WAXLER, CAROLYN, BONNIE KLIMES–DOUGAN, and MARCIA J. SLATTERY. "Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression." Development and Psychopathology 12, no. 3 (September 2000): 443–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400003102.
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The focus of this article is on internalizing problems that are experienced by children and adolescents. We provide an historical perspective, selectively examine the current state of knowledge, consider advances and gaps in what is known, and identify new research directions. Diagnosis, epidemiology, theory, and research first are considered separately for anxiety and depressive disorders. These internalizing problems, however, whether clinical or subclinical, share many common features and show high comorbidity rates. We emphasize the importance of systematic analysis of comorbid anxiety and depression, including their comorbidity with externalizing problems. This could lead to more valid classification of subtypes of internalizing problems and further an understanding of the diverse conditions that constitute internalized distress. We highlight the need to study anxiety and depression within a developmental psychopathology framework, as well as to include both categorical and dimensional assessments of these problems in the same research designs. This will be essential for understanding the complex interplay of biological and environmental processes that contribute to the emergence, progression, and amelioration of internalizing problems over time.
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Rey, Joseph M., Michael G. Sawyer, and Margot R. Prior. "Similarities and Differences Between Aggressive and Delinquent Children and Adolescents in a National Sample." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (May 2005): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01583.x.
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Objective: To examine differences in the correlates, comorbidity and use of services between aggressive and delinquent children and adolescents. Method: An Australian representative sample (n = 4083) of parents of children and adolescents were administered a psychiatric diagnostic interview, the Child Behaviour Checklist, and other instruments to measure service use. The characteristics of children with high scores (top 5%) in the aggressive and delinquent syndromes or both were then examined. Results: The proportion of aggressive children decreased with increasing age while that of delinquents increased. The aggressive group was specifically associated with the impulsivehyperactive subtype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 12.63; 95% CI = 5.97–26.74). Comorbidity between ADHD, aggression and delinquency was less frequent among adolescents than in children, with the exception of the inattentive subtype in which comorbidity was higher. Both aggressive and delinquent groups had a considerable overlap with conduct disorder. Aggressive and delinquent youths used services more often, but parents perceived aggressive children as more in need of help than delinquent ones. Living in a sole parent family was specifically associated with the delinquent group (OR = 3.34; 95% CI = 2.25–4.96). Conclusions: The results suggest that these empirically derived syndromes while sharing many features also differ in important ways, highlighting the need for further convergence between categorical and dimensional classifications. Their differential association with the subtypes of ADHD requires further examination and may help to understand the relationship between ADHD and conduct problems. The importance of aggressive behaviour in children should not be underestimated since it is associated with significant psychopathology, parental distress and use of services.
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Wade, Mark, Liam Wright, and Katherine E. Finegold. "The effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning." Translational Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (June 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02001-0.
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AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children and adolescents. While there is minimal evidence that different types of ELA are associated with specific psychopathology outcomes, there are partially unique cognitive and socioemotional consequences of specific dimensions of ELA that increase transdiagnostic risk of mental health problems across the internalizing and externalizing spectra. The current review provides an overview of recent findings examining the cognitive (e.g., language, executive function), socioemotional (e.g., attention bias, emotion regulation), and mental health correlates of ELA along the dimensions of threat/harshness, deprivation, and unpredictability. We underscore similarities and differences in the mechanisms connecting different dimensions of ELA to particular mental health outcomes, and identify gaps and future directions that may help to clarify inconsistencies in the literature. This review focuses on childhood and adolescence, periods of exquisite neurobiological change and sensitivity to the environment. The utility of dimensional models of ELA in better understanding the mechanistic pathways towards the expression of psychopathology is discussed, with the review supporting the value of such models in better understanding the developmental sequelae associated with ELA. Integration of dimensional models of ELA with existing models focused on psychiatric classification and biobehavioral mechanisms may advance our understanding of the etiology, phenomenology, and treatment of mental health difficulties in children and youth.
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Kerr, Sophie, Francesca Penner, Gabrielle Ilagan, Lois Choi-Kain, and Carla Sharp. "Maternal interpersonal problems and attachment security in adolescent offspring." Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40479-022-00188-8.
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Abstract Background Research on parent-level factors linked to adolescent attachment security would inform interventions to prevent or reduce youth psychopathology and other negative outcomes. The current study examined one relevant parent-level variable: maternal interpersonal problems. Interpersonal problems, a key characteristic of personality pathology, are well described by the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) and have been shown to be associated with maladaptive adult attachment in close/romantic relationships; however, studies have not examined relationships with offspring attachment. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between maternal interpersonal problems and adolescent attachment insecurity. Based on previous evidence that parents’ recalled bonding with caregivers is associated with the quality of bonding and attachment with offspring, the second aim was to examine whether mothers’ recalled bonding with their own mothers partially explained this relationship. Methods Participants included 351 psychiatric inpatient adolescents (Mage = 15.26, 64.1% female) and their biological mothers. Logistic regressions tested whether maternal interpersonal problems were associated with Child Attachment Interview classifications (secure vs. insecure; secure vs. preoccupied vs. dismissing; not disorganized vs. disorganized). A mediation model (N = 210) tested whether the relationship between maternal interpersonal problems and adolescent attachment was mediated by the mother’s recalled maternal bonding. Results Maternal interpersonal problems were associated with insecure (vs. secure), dismissing (vs. secure), and preoccupied (vs. secure) attachment. There was no significant relationship between maternal interpersonal problems and disorganized attachment. Mediation analyses showed that maternal interpersonal problems were indirectly related to adolescent attachment security via the mother’s recalled maternal care, though only a small amount of variance (7%) in adolescent offspring attachment was accounted for by the model. Conclusions Results provide the first evidence that maternal interpersonal problems are associated with higher likelihood of insecure attachment in adolescents. Therefore, researchers could consider drawing upon the IPC literature to further examine mechanisms of intergenerational risk and to tailor interventions aimed to improve parent-child relations and attachment. Additionally, findings highlight the mediating role of the mothers’ recalled experiences with caregivers in the transmission of risk, suggesting attachment-based or mentalization-based interventions may be helpful for mothers with interpersonal problems and personality pathology.
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Breda, Maria, and Ignazio Ardizzone. "Irritability in developmental age: A narrative review of a dimension crossing paediatric psychopathology." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, May 20, 2021, 000486742110112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00048674211011245.
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Objective: Irritability is an important theme in paediatric psychiatry considering its high frequency in developmental age, its association with negative outcomes and consequently significant public health impact. Present as main or associated feature of several psychiatric diagnoses, irritability represents a challenge for clinicians who try to understand its origin and role in developmental psychopathology. In this review we try to: (1) get an overview of this dimension and its relationship with each of the main neuropsychiatric disorders in paediatric population and (2) provide a summary of currently available instruments to assess irritability in children and adolescents. Method: In this narrative review, an overview of irritability in children and adolescents is proposed focusing on selected literature. Results: Irritability as feature of many paediatric psychiatric conditions has been evaluated by many authors and included in classifications of paediatric psychiatric diseases. Framework of irritability evolved over time and dimension of irritability has been investigated using different tools and methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative. Metrics of irritability as clinical dimension are important in the diagnostic process of paediatric diseases. Conclusion: Investigating the presence of irritability in all children with related disorders is mandatory if we consider the risk for functional impairment and affective and behavioural disorders associated with high levels of irritability. Using rigid threshold in developmental age to differentiate physiological from pathological irritability could lead many children having subthreshold levels of irritability to receive no diagnosis and, consequently, no treatment where instead a dimensional approach to irritability could allow to identify prodromal phase and prevent the evolution towards clinical pathological expressions.
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Las-Hayas, Carlota, Maider Mateo-Abad, Itziar Vergara, Irantzu Izco-Basurko, Ana González-Pinto, Silvia Gabrielli, Iwona Mazur, et al. "Relevance of well-being, resilience, and health-related quality of life to mental health profiles of European adolescents: results from a cross-sectional analysis of the school-based multinational UPRIGHT project." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, August 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02156-z.
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Abstract Purpose The existing evidence suggests that a complete evaluation of mental health should incorporate both psychopathology and mental well-being indicators. However, few studies categorize European adolescents into subgroups based on such complete mental health data. This study used the data on mental well-being and symptoms of mental and behavioral disorders to explore the mental health profiles of adolescents in Europe. Methods Data collected from adolescents (N = 3767; mean age 12.4 [SD = 0.9]) from five European countries supplied the information on their mental well-being (personal resilience, school resilience, quality of life, and mental well-being) and mental and behavioral disorder symptoms (anxiety, depression, stress, bullying, cyber-bullying, and use of tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis). Multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were combined to classify the youths into mental health profiles. Results Adolescents were categorized into three mental health profiles. The "poor mental health" profile (6%) was characterized by low levels of well-being and moderate symptoms of mental disorders. The "good mental health" profile group (26%) showed high well-being and few symptoms of mental disorders, and the "intermediate mental health" profile (68%) was characterized by average well-being and mild-to-moderate symptoms of mental disorders. Groups with higher levels of well-being and fewer symptoms of mental disorders showed lower rates of behavioral problems. Mental well-being indicators strongly contributed to this classification. Conclusion Adolescents with the "intermediate" or "poor" mental health profiles may benefit from interventions to improve mental health. Implications for school-based interventions are discussed. Trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03951376. Registered 15 May 2019.
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Colucci Neto, Victor, and Cintia Canato Martins. "Saúde psíquica infanto-juvenil em casos de alienação parental: uma reflexão jurídica e psicológica." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 8, no. 4 (July 8, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v8i4.4698.
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Aborda-se neste artigo a situação de crianças e adolescentes que são vítimas de Alienação Parental. A Alienação Parental (AP) consiste em interferência na formação psicológica da criança ou do adolescente, praticada por um dos genitores, parentes ou por quem exerça autoridade, com o objetivo de fazer com que o menor repudie o outro genitor, tendo geralmente motivação egoísta de vingança e desentendimentos que marcam o término dos vínculos conjugais. A legislação brasileira combate essa nociva prática na Lei 12.318/2010, mediante utilização de recursos interdisciplinares que envolvem o direito, a psicologia, ciências sociais e demais ciências úteis à preservação dos menores envolvidos.Descritores: Alienação Social; Legislação & Jurisprudência; Psicologia.ReferênciasTrindade J. Manual de Psicologia Jurídica para os Operadores do Direito. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado; 2007, p. 282.Gardner RA. Does DSM-IV have equivalents for the parental alienation syndrome (PAS) diagnosis? 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