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Eriksson, Martina. "Relative Age Effects among Physically Active Adolescents." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31061.
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Background: Studies have shown that children and adolescents who are relatively older than their younger peers have advantages in sports, partly because they are more biologically mature, a relative age effect (RAE). However the occurrence of RAE in physical performance is still somewhat unclear and more knowledge is needed. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if there were any RAEs on anthropometric measures and physical performance in adolescents who are 13 years old and active in sports. Methods: 128 subjects (78 boys, 50 girls) from Malmö idrottsakademi, a school with a sports profile, were included in this study. Measurements of height and weight were taken and the physical performance was tested for grip strength, sprint and countermovement jump (CMJ). To analyse RAEs the subjects were divided into three groups (teriles) according to their month of birth. Subjects born in Tertile 1 (Jan-Apr) and Tertile 3 (Sep-Dec) were compared together as well as within and between the sexes with independent t-tests. Results: RAEs were present in height (p=0.01), weight (p=0.01), and grip strength (0.03) where higher values were found in the relatively older subjects. Additionally, if weight was accounted for, RAE was present in CMJ where the relatively younger subjects performed better (p=0.03). Further, when sexes was analysed separately the older boys were taller (p=0.01), heavier (p=0.02), and stronger (p=0.05) compared with the younger boys. The older girls were heavier (p=0.01) compared with the younger girls whereas the younger girls got a higher CMJ weight ratio (p=0.05). Conclusion: RAEs were found on anthropometric measures, but were less clear in physical performance. This indicates that although relatively older adolescents are taller and heavier, they are not always in advantage over their younger peers regarding physical performance.
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Sales, Latrice Stephanie. "The effectiveness of the SPARK program in increasing fitness among children and adolescents." Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2007/latrice_s_sales/Sales_Latrice_S_200705_MS.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." In Kinesiology, under the direction of Jim McMillan. ETD. Electronic version approved: July 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-48) and appendices.
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Gedvilaitė-Moan, Akvilė. "Lengvąją atletiką sportuojančių paauglių asmenybės nerimo ir psichinės būsenos prieš varžybas ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060512_113559-92344.
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Pre-competition anxiety in sports is very common not only among professional athletes, but also among adolescents who are active in sports, compete a lot and experience physical, emotional and social changes in their lives. The aim of the study was to evaluate track-and-field adolescent athletes’ (12-18 years old) personal anxiety level and pre-competition anxiety. The hypothesis of the thesis was based on the assumption that adolescent track-and-field athletes’ personal anxiety level and pre-competition anxiety components (somatic, emotional and cognitive) differ depending on gender.
Personal anxiety level was determined using J. Taylor’s test. V. A. Alekseev’s pre-competition anxiety test showed dominant competition state anxiety component among adolescent athletes.
Examination of the results and setting the personal anxiety level for the track-and-field adolescent athletes studied showed no gender differences (p>0,05).
The findings of the results among track-and-field athletes’ pre-competition anxiety components (somatic, emotional and cognitive) suggest dependable differences between adolescent girls and boys (p<0,05). The test results also showed that cognitive anxiety was most common in both groups, i.e. boys and girls.
The comparison of the results (those of both methods studied individually for every athlete) of the personal anxiety level and pre-competition anxiety tests from the perspective of gender suggested that the differences between gender do exist (p<0,0... [to full text]
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Benjamin, Heinrich Neil. "Perceptions of community leaders of the role sports participation in dealing with psychosocial problems amongst adolescent in a rual area." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3067_1298628551.
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Participation in recreational and formal sports can play a vital role in enhancing adolescents&rsquo
wellbeing. Research indicates that involvement in different forms of recreation and physical activities offer beneficial effects on the physical and mental health status of individuals. Sports participation has also been associated with lowered obesity, multiple risk behaviours, smoking and substance abuse. In South Africa rural and urban areas are increasingly affected by violence and a range of psychosocial problems such as youth crime, substance abuse and alcohol abuse. The aim of this research project was to explore the perceptions of community leaders of the role of sports participation in dealing with psychosocial problems amongst adolescents in a rural area. A qualitative approach was adopted to explore the perceptions of community leaders. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants according to the criteria set by researcher. The data was collected through the process of 10 indepth, semi-structured interviews with Afrikaans speaking community leaders, male and female from the two rural towns in the Cederberg region namely, Lamberts Bay and Clanwilliam. The semi-structured interview schedule consisted of five open-ended questions. A thematic content analysis was used to interpret the information. The study revealed that community leaders perceived sports participation as a protective factor against psychosocial problems within the community. They discussed sports benefits under three broad themes namely, health benefits, societal benefits and emotional benefits. The study further revealed poor financial resources, transport and poor facilities to be the major constraints for sports participation in their area. Future studies which explore the role of sports participation should include more information from a female&rsquo
s perspective, to enrich and understand the benefits of sports participation amongst females in the community.
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Cook, Graham Victor. "'Active sports' : the first step to sporting excellence?" Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/254/.
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The aim of this research was to establish whether the Active Sports initiative (Sport England, 1999a) was an effective vehicle to facilitate progression in young children’s involvement in sport from grass roots towards elite performance. The Durham Sport Partnership in the North East of England was used as a case study to examine this. As part of a survey design, varied methodologies including registration forms, questionnaires and interviews were employed to generate qualitative and quantitative data to identify the numbers and profiles of the children and coaches engaged in Active Sports, as well as to compare their interpretation of the quality of their experiences during the Active Sports initiative in providing the first step to sporting excellence. The extent to which the scheme achieved the set equity targets and the influence of the initiative on the sporting involvement of the children were examined, along with the coaches’ interpretation of the impact of the scheme on the development of sporting talent. Analysis of the data revealed that participants and coaches found involvement in Active Sport a fulfilling and enjoyable experience that had positive impact on continued sports involvement and professional development respectively. However, the design of the activities and their relationship with any progression to elite sport was found to be questionable, as was the appropriateness of the inclusion of equity targets into an initiative designed to positively impact on elite sport. A significant contributory factor to this was the lack of knowledge the stakeholders had of the initiative, particularly the coaches. The organisation and fundamental structure of the Active Sport initiative in terms of the relationship between what sports the sporting infrastructure is able and willing to offer and what sports young people want to be involved in is questioned, as is the lack of integration of robust talent identification systems in the initiative. The conclusion is therefore drawn that the Active Sports initiative was not an effective vehicle to facilitate the progression in young children’s involvement in sport from grass roots towards elite performance.
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Gribbon, Aidan. "Active Video Games and Energy Balance in Male Adolescents." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32275.
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Active video games (AVG) have been shown to acutely increase energy expenditure when compared to seated video games; however, the compensatory effects on energy intake and subsequent energy expenditure are largely unknown. The main objective of this thesis was to examine the acute effects of AVG on energy intake and expenditure in male adolescents. Our results suggest that male adolescents compensate for one hour of AVG play by decreasing their physical activity levels for the remainder of the day. There was no compensation in acute energy intake with AVG play. The results from this thesis suggest that the benefits of one hour of Kinect™ AVG play are offset within 24 hours in male adolescents. Therefore, caution must be exercised when prescribing AVG for interventions aimed at preventing/treating childhood obesity.
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Johnson, Jason. "Participation in Sports and the Development of Resilience in Adolescents." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5977.
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Adolescents today are faced with an array of risk factors including sexual activity and drug and alcohol use, as well as environmental factors that are beyond their control, such as parental divorce and poverty. The attribute of resilience is an extremely desirable quality that, if developed, has the capacity to reduce the effect of many of these risk factors that many adolescents are exposed to. Sport participation is a potential intervention that a large portion of adolescents can have access to through school and community programs that could potentially foster resilience. The current causal-comparative, non-experimental study sought to add to the limited existing research by examining resilience levels of adolescents who participate in sports compared to resilience levels of their peers who do not participate in sports. The Social Emotional Assets and Resiliency Scale - Parent form was used to calculate resilience levels of the students in the study sample. Participants (n = 276) reported that the overall mean resilience score of those youth who had participated on a sports team within the last year was significantly higher than the overall mean resilience score of those youth who had not. There was no significant difference in resilience ratings of those who played school-sponsored sports versus city/recreational sports. There was also a small, statistically significant, positive correlation between the number of sports played and resilience ratings. Implications and limitations of this study are included. Parents and educators are encouraged to offer a variety of opportunities for youth to participate in activities aligned with student interests. In budgeting and planning curricular and extracurricular activities to enrich students' social experiences, schools and communities must consider the importance of sports activities in strengthening youth resilience.
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Bailey, Daniel Paul. "An investigation into cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/218371.
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The principle aim of this work was to provide an insight into the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents and to examine the associations of body composition measures, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and physical activity with cardiometabolic risk. The combined association of adiposity and CRF on cardiometabolic risk in youths is also explored, as is the association of CRF with potentially modifiable variables, such as physical activity. This work has shown that, dependent on the definition employed, MetS may be present in 2.3% to 9.8% of children and adolescents in Bedfordshire, UK. When applying modified Adult Treatment Panel III definitions (Cook et al. 2003; de Ferranti et al. 2004), the condition was significantly more prevalent in overweight compared to non-overweight youths. Backward regression analyses identified that only body mass index (BMI) explained significant amounts of variance in clustered cardiometabolic risk, although being overweight according to internationally proposed cut points for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio conferred participants to increased risk compared to their non-overweight counterparts. Clustered risk was also elevated in children and adolescents with low levels of CRF compared to those with high levels, whereas time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical activity (VPA) held no association. When stratified into groups according to level of fatness (BMI z-score) and CRF, those with high fatness/low CRF generally exhibited the most unfavourable cardiometabolic risk profiles. Cardiometabolic risk was higher in the high fatness/low CRF group compared to those with low fatness/low CRF and low fatness/high CRF when excluding WC from the score, and those with low fatness/low CRF when including WC in the score. Multiple regression and ANCOVA revealed that increased visceral fatness (indirectly measured using WC) was associated with reduced CRF, while increased time spent in VPA was associated with elevated CRF. These data suggest that BMI may be the best simple measure of obesity to employ when exploring adiposity-related cardiometabolic in children and adolescents. In addition, results from this iv investigation indicate that low CRF and overweight/obesity may have deleterious effects on the cardiometabolic health of children and adolescents and that interventions to reduce risk may target decreases in fatness and improvements in CRF and VPA as standard.
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Parvin, Dill Robiya. "PERCEIVED MEANINGFUL LEISURE TIME AND EDUCATION : A sub-study of actions for sustainable education and health among youth." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55810.
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A higher level of education increases the chances of getting work, therefore, this can improve the socio-economic status and social position. Besides, higher education ensures improved health by providing fundamental health knowledge. Completing high school even with low grades increases the chances of getting a job, whereas, unemployment is three times more common among the students with incomplete high school education which leads to low socio-economic status and an unhealthy lifestyle in the long run. This study aims to gain a better understanding of high school students’ perspectives living in Västerås and Eskilstuna regarding meaningful leisure activities and perceived quality of education from their school which may lead to complete high school education. This study will also investigate whether there are any associations between membership in sports and perceived quality of education by adolescents at different gender and socio-economic levels. A cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. The result shows there are many available outdoor activities where the adolescents live to spend their leisure, among them parks are the most reported (314, 58%); walking and cycling paths, running track, outdoor gym and soccer field are the second most reported available opportunity (309, 56.8%) followed by the free sports activities (295, 55.9%). The most popular activities to adolescents are free sports (71, 13.2%) together with homework help at school (70, 13.1%); and more adolescents have membership in sports associations compared to other associations. Also, the study finds that adolescents who either have membership in sports or not do not make any change to the perceived quality of education by students whether they get a very good education, good education, and less than good education in high schools at different gender and self-reported socioeconomic levels.ACTION: Actions for sustainable education and health among youth
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Ho, Chi-on Billy, and 何志安. "Sexual risk-taking among sexually active adolescents in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245377.
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Picot, Patrick. "Des representations, a l'analyse du sens des activites physiques sportives et d'expression pour les adolescents(es)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20024.
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La recherche tente de comprendre le sens de la pratique des activites physiques sportives et d'expression des adolescents(es) a partir d'une interpretation methodique de leurs representations. Dans une premiere partie, les concepts de representation, d'adolescent et d'a. P. S. E. Sont definis et clarifies. Le cadre theorique et epistemologique explicite le recours a l'approche comprehensive ainsi que le paradigme clinique et l'interet de la methode hermeneutique pour comprendre et interpreter. Le dispositif de recherche presente l'entretien clinique de recherche, les precautions methodologiques et l'analyse critique de ce travail. Le second tome presente la retranscription et l'analyse des huit recits d'entretiens a partir des procedures d'interpretation et de la methode hermeneutique definie. Puis, une reflexion de synthese, sur l'ensemble du travail d'analyse, propose de reconstruire differents rapports de sens de ces pratiques sociales. Le caractere singulier, historique et subjectif de ce rapport aux pratiques est particulierement souligne ainsi que sa signification sociale. Le sens des pratiques s'elabore en fonction du projet existentiel de l'adolescent et de sa "theorie personnelle d'action". Les activites peuvent etre considerees comme des "espaces intermediaires et transitionnels" favorisant la realisation de soi par la mediation de leur fonction de "niche egologique". Le caractere original et existentiel de ces pratiques repose sur la mobilisation de l'eprouve corporel. La recherche met en evidence l'importance de l'investissement subjectif des sujets dans leurs pratiques. Chaque activite est investie a partir de leur ideal du moi et de leur aspiration identitaire. L'interpretation de leurs representations a permis de mieux comprendre, qu'au dela ces activites, les raisons d'agir des individus visaient d'autres finalitesThe search attempts to understand the meaning of teenagers' practice of physical and sport activities from the methodical interpretations of their representations. First, representation, adolescent, physical and sport activity' concepts are defined and clarified. The theorical and epistemological frame explains the recourse of to a comprehensive approach as well as a clinical paradigm and the interest of a hermeneutic method in order to understand and interpret. The searching attempt reveals the transcription of the clinical interview, the medological precautions and the critical analysis of this study. The second part reveals the retranscription and the analysis of eight interviews made from the interpretation proceedings and from the hermeneutic method defined before. Then, a synthetic thought of the wole analysis aims to build up several meanings of teenagers' physical and sport activities. The singular character, historic and subjective part of the meaning of these practices is particulary underlined, as well as its social signification. The meaning of practices is elaborated according to the teenagers' existential project and his their personal theories of action. The activities can be considerate as so many intermediate and transitionnal spaces encouraging self development in "egological niches". The original part of such practices is based on self body mobilisation. The search therefore reveals the importance of subjects' subjective investments in their practices. Each activity is invested in relation to each selfideal and identity aspiration. The interpretations of their representations allow us to understand that beyong these activities, each individual's reasons to act aims at other finalities
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Downs, Samantha Jayne. "Physical activity, sedentary and playtime behaviours in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4527/.
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Despite the wealth of research examining physical activity (PA) in children and adolescent without disability, there is a lack of research that has focussed on PA related to children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). The evidence that does exist in this area suggests that children and adolescents with ID are less active than their non-ID peers. The school environment offers numerous opportunities to engage in PA regularly, yet to date, school-based research focussing on PA in children and adolescents with ID is limited. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis was to investigate PA, sedentary time (ST) and playtime behaviours in children and adolescents with ID.Four study chapters are included in the thesis. Study 1 used uniaxial accelerometers to investigate habitual PA levels, sedentary behaviour and PA patterns in children and adolescents with severe and moderate ID. Results demonstrated that participants engaged in low amounts of PA, spent a large proportion of waking hours in ST and mainly engaged in short, sporadic bursts of PA.Study 2 investigated the PA levels of children and adolescents with severe and moderate ID during playtime and PE contexts using direct observation techniques. Participants engaged in similar levels of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and spent minimal amounts of time engaging in sport based activities during playtime and PE. At playtime participants spent the majority of time playing alone or in small groups and no participants engaged in any large group play. Study 3 explored teachers’ perceptions of PA engagement for children and adolescents with ID. Teachers reported that pupils prefer to engage in fun, unstructured activities. Parents and teachers were identified as key role models who can influence PA engagement for this population and teacher participants explained that pupils with ID have limited understanding around PA and the benefits to health. Study 4 evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based PA intervention, delivered in two primary special educational needs (SEN) schools. The intervention demonstrated promising results, with an increase in accelerometer assessed MVPA levels between baseline and follow up of ~18mins. However, these findings were not statistically significant, possibly due to the small sample size involved. Minimum clinically important difference analysis suggested that changes in MVPA were likely to be beneficial to heath. Furthermore, qualitative data generated through teacher interviews highlighted positive intervention effects across the school. Overall the studies presented in this thesis provide an overview of PA engagement and associated behaviours in children and adolescents with ID. The major findings presented suggest that children and adolescents with moderate and severe ID are not sufficiently active, and the SEN school environment may be an important area to target PA interventions. The current thesis has made a significant contribution to our understanding related to the PA in children and adolescents with ID and has highlighted a number of recommendations for future research.
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Lyons-Daniels, Patricia. "Interscholastic Sports and The Middle School Student: A Case Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29882.
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Participating in organized sports activities can result in developmental benefits to the adolescent. Increased fitness, self-esteem, competency, academic success and increased recognition by peers are few of the benefits cited by researchers. Participation can also provide opportunities for developmental liabilities to occur. Researchers have cited liabilities such as stress, anxiety and physiological injury. Developmental benefits and liabilities have been the foci of the controversy that has existed over adolescents participating in interscholastic sports programs in the middle and junior high school.
Although research has studied the impact of interscholastic sports on the high school and collegiate athlete, few studies have investigated the impact of interscholastic sports on the middle school athlete. This qualitative case study of four middle school athletes investigated the benefits and liabilities of participating on an interscholastic team to the adolescent athlete.
Based on the literature, four domains were identified as benefits and two domains were identified as liabilities. These six domains were achievement, competency, fitness, self-esteem, sports injuries, stress and anxiety. Interviews were held with students, coaches and parents. These interviews were based on domain specific questions. A journal was kept, and a document review of achievement, attendance and medical records was completed.
The study revealed a pattern of improved grades, increased skill levels in the sport, improved fitness, and increased self-esteem. The students experienced injuries and moments of stress and anxiety.Ed. D.
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Long, Thierry. "Étude des relations entre le contexte de socialisation sportive (sport institutionnalisé et sport auto-organisé) et la conscience juridique et réglementaire des adolescents." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4010.
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Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer deux types distinct de pratique sportive comme instances de socialisation morale, politique, et juridique, chez les adolescents : la pratique sportive institutionnalisée (fédérale) et la pratique sportive auto-organisée (« le sport libre »). Pour ce faire, notre travail se place dans le champ de la socialisation juridique en s’appuyant sur un de ses concepts majeurs : la conscience juridique (Kourilsky, 1991). La méthodologie s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs et des questionnaires qui ont été conduits auprès de 500 adolescents. Les résultats mettent en exergue une conscience juridiques plus élaborée chez les sportifs auto-organisés que chez les sportifs institutionnalisés. Le contexte auto-organisé, souple et autonome, permet l’interaction qui un joue un rôle important dans le développement moral, politique, et juridique. Le contexte institutionnalisé, coercitif et hétéronome, engendre une attitude soumise des individus.
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Yard, Ellen E. "Using Surveillance for Sports Injury Epidemiology." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1233687846.
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Millett, Susan D. "Parents' active involvement in the home-based sexuality education of their adolescents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24883.pdf.
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Johnson, Dustin M. "Coaches’ Influence on Male Adolescents’ Achievement Motivation, Psychological Factors, and Sport Participation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84226/.
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The motivational climate, as created by coaches, and athletes’ goal orientations are key constructs in understanding children’s experiences with sport. In this study, the relationship between the perceived motivational climates, male adolescents’ goal orientation, and their experiences of self-esteem, sport competence, enjoyment, and ultimately, intention to continue participating in sport was examined. Participants were 405 male adolescents (Sample A: n = 200; Sample B: n = 205) aged 13-15 years old. Structural equation modeling indicated an overall good fit to the structural model for both data sets. A task goal orientation was predicted by higher levels of coach-created task climate. Participants with higher task goal orientation had greater sport competence, self-esteem, and more enjoyment in sport; enjoyment was the only significant predictor of their intention to continue playing the sport they believe is most important over the next three years.
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Vigne, Patricia. "Activité sportive, conflit et personnalisation à l'adolescence : place de l'autre dans la gestion stratégique en natation et en judo." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20108.
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Les aspects socio-culturel, pluri-dimensionnel du sport, sa logique également constituent des conditions d'expression et d'affirmation de soi. Ces conditions, référées au cadre qu'elles imposent, peuvent se révéler plus particulièrement constructives chez un sujet qui traverse une période conflictuelle telle que l'adolescence. En effet, cette rencontre est d'autant plus apte à favoriser, par les conflits qu'elle suscite, la mise en jeu de processus psychologiques en termes de stratégies de personnalisation. Ces processus sont différenciés dans la pratique de deux activités sportives, la natation et le judo, dont les définitions respectives ont permis de mettre en évidence un rapport spécifique à l'autre dans la pratique même. Notre hypothèse est que l'adolescent sportif fait référence, dans l'évaluation de lui-même, à des représentations concernant l'estime de soi, le locus of control, les compétences sociales et les stratégies de coping, différentes de celles de l'adolescent "tout venant" ; elles sont, de plus, différenciées selon l'activité sportive pratiquée qui implique, en natation et en judo, un rapport spécifique à autrui. La population de cette recherche est constituée de 140 adolescents sportifs, dont 70 nageurs et 70 judoka, et de 82 adolescents"tout venant". Les effets de la pratique sportive sont, en terme d'évaluation de soi, appréhendés à travers des questionnaires sur l'estime de soi, le locus of control, les compétences sociales et les stratégies de coping. Globalement, un adolescent engagé dans une pratique sportive témoigne de représentations positives à l'égard de lui-même, aptes à soutenir son processus de personnalisation. En ce qui concerne la natation et le judo, il convient de prendre en compte la différenciation de ces représentations, mais surtout la nature de leurs interactions.
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Owens, Christopher Stephen. "Sport and physical activity participation and sedentary behaviour among adolescents : exploring the transition from compulsory education." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2012. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5297/.
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The move out of compulsory education is a key transition period in adolescents' lives. The aim of the present study was to investigate physical activity and sedentary behaviour (using 'screen time' as the proxy measure) among adolescents during the transition from completing compulsory education to entering further education, training or (un)employment. A prospective population-based longitudinal design was adopted, using a large cohort of adolescents in Gloucestershire. A questionnaire was administered to participants at two time points (baseline and follow-up). At baseline, 2204 Year 11 pupils (aged 14 to 17 years) and at follow-up, 886 participants from the baseline sample (aged 15 to 17 years) completed the questionnaire. ( For all statistical analyses performed, two sets of analysis were conducted. Analysis one included the final sample of participants (n = 663) who had an associated output area (OA) code to include in statistical analyses and analysis two included the final sample of participants (n = 834) who did not have an associated OA code included in statistical analyses. Since the overall findings for each analysis were similar, only findings from analysis one are presented. For physical activity, there was a significant change in the number of participants meeting guidelines at baseline but not meeting guidelines at follow-up. For screen time status, there was no significant change between baseline and follow-up. Binary logistic regression (BLR) revealed that for gender, in comparison to males, females were 52.4% less likely to meet guidelines for physical activity at follow-up. Meanwhile, BLR revealed that there were no significant associations with screen time status at follow-up. Further BLR for the decline in physical activity through the transition, revealed that for gender, in comparison to males, females were 42.4% less likely to move from meeting guidelines at baseline to not meeting guidelines at follow-up (i.e., physical activity decline was associated with being male). The findings of the present study have demonstrated: i) a decline in physical activity through the transition; ii) the high proportion of adolescents not meeting guidelines for screen time at either baseline or follow-up; and iii) associations between gender and physical activity during this transitional period. There is a need for future research to longitudinally examine adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behaviour during this transitional period.
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Kristén, Lars. "Possibilities offered by interventional sports programmes to children and adolescents with physical disabilities : an explorative and evaluative study." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1318.
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Today, sport is a topic that interests and engages many people. However, pursuing sporting activities and being a member of a sports club is not a matter of course for children and adolescents with physical disabilities. The overall aim of this thesis is to study the possibilities offered by interventional sports programmes to children and adolescents with physical disabilities and to describe in what way they can be offered meaningful physical activities as well as active participation in sport clubs, with a view to improving their health and socialisation through sport. The thesis includes three descriptive and one evaluative study. The results of the thesis rest on a combination of methods: practical- empirical experiences based on theoretical reasoning, interviews in line with a method inspired by phenomenography, and data from questionnaires analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics. The results are also based on a variety of data sources i.e. children, young people and parents as well as theory triangulation i.e. socialisation and health. According to the findings, sports programmes offered possibilities to children and adolescents with physical disabilities for improving their health and socialisation. An important component of the sports programmes were sports clubs that offered meaningful physical activities as well as active participation. Guidelines for co-operation in and the organisation of sports programme for children and adolescents with physical disabilities were of great importance and should involve the families as well as sports organisations and local authorities. The children and adolescents regarded sport as a form of social arena to enhance their participation in society and as a means for achieving better health. They also stressed the importance of knowledge and experiencing nature as factors that promote an active and healthy lifestyle. The parents regarded sport as a form of health education and as a means for their children to achieve increased participation in society. The parents also stressed the fact that the learning process was important for empowering the children to influence their life situation. The findings also illustrate the importance of building co-operation between the habilitation centre, sports clubs and families of children with physical disabilities by means of a working team, as well as the importance of the sports movement opening up its activities to children and adolescents with functional disabilities and each sports club appointing a contact person with special responsibility for this target group. Continued external support was regarded as necessary in order to assist the sports clubs in implementing permanent and well-functioning activities in partnership with a personal sport and health counsellor, who advises and supports the children and adolescents to participate in physical activity.
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Abbott, Jo-Anne, and jomabbott@yahoo com au. "The influence of the quality of childhood sports participation experiences on adult motivation to be physically active." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060712.140042.
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As efforts to promote greater participation in physical activity among adults
have focussed on targeting childhood patterns of physical activity, it is important to
evaluate the assumed relationship between childhood and adulthood patterns of
physical activity. In the studies in this thesis an examination was made of whether
adult motivation to engage in physical activity is influenced by the perceived quality
of experiences with sports participation in childhood and adolescence.
In a pilot study, a measure of perceived quality of childhood and adolescent
sports participation experiences was developed. Young adults were asked by
questionnaire to rate their childhood and adolescent sports participation experiences
on a variety of items. From these responses, measures of the quality of childhood and
adolescent sports participation experiences were validated with confirmatory factor
analyses.
In the main study, the measure of adolescent sports participation experiences
was incorporated into a second questionnaire along with other measures of adult
motivation towards, and participation in, physical activity. The theoretical framework
of Personal Investment Theory (PIT, Maehr & Braskamp, 1986) guided the design of
this study. PIT proposes that individuals are motivated to participate in physical
activity based on what they hope to gain from participation, their beliefs about
themselves and their perceptions of opportunities for participation. This motivation
is, in turn, influenced by a number of other personal and situational factors, such as
prior personal experiences with sports participation.
The results of correlation and structural equation modelling analyses
suggested that the direct influence of the perceived quality of adolescent sports
participation experiences on the level of adult involvement in physical activity is
relatively weak. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated that this
relationship is mediated by some of these other motivational variables in PIT. These
were individuals. perceptions of their physical competence and personal control over
their physical activity behaviour, as well as the tendency to set physical activity goals
and to seek intrinsic motives for physical activity, such as skill improvement or
enjoyment. Although the quality of sports participation experiences also influenced
perceptions about the impact of potential barriers on activity in adulthood, such
perceptions did not relate to the actual level of activity of these adults.
The perceived quality of adolescent sports participation experiences also
influenced the type of physical activity engaged in as an adult, with more negative
memories of sports participation being associated with taking part in non-sport-related
physical activities in adulthood. In conclusion, application of PIT, along with the use
of structural equation modelling, provided valuable insight into how the quality of
adolescent sports participation experiences influences adult physical activity
behaviour.
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Ferland, Julie. "Effets de genre sur les préférences des athlètes adolescents pour des comportements de leadership de l'entraîneur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46513.
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La participation grandissante d'athlètes féminins dans les sports collectifs soulève un questionnement des plus actuels sur les variations de la relation entraîneur-entraîné. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à des groupes spécifiques d'athlètes masculins entraînés par des hommes, d'athlètes masculins entraînés par des femmes, d'athlètes féminins entraînés par des hommes et d'athlètes féminins entraînés par des femmes. L'Échelle de Leadership en Milieu Sportif (ELS), traduction française du Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS), dans sa version Préférence, a été soumise à ces groupes d'athlètes adolescents afin de mesurer l'influence du genre de l'entraîneur sur les préférences des athlètes masculins et féminins à l'égard des cinq comportements de leadership de l'entraîneur identifiés par l'ELS (instruction, démocratie, autocratie, support social et récompense). Les résultats démontrent que le genre de l'entraîneur influence effectivement les préférences des athlètes masculins et féminins en ce qui concerne les comportements d'instruction. Pour les athlètes féminins, la préférence est plus marquée lorsque l'entraîneur est un homme. De même, chez les athlètes qui sont entraînés par des femmes, les garçons ont une préférence plus forte pour les comportements d'instruction que les filles. On remarque également que les variables genre de l'entraîneur et genre de l'athlète seules n'ont pas d'effet principal significatif sur les autres comportements mesurés par l'ELS.
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Lynch, Kyle Robinson. "Impact of organized sports on risk of bone fracture among adolescents : ABCD - growth study /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154488.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivo: Analisar o risco de fraturas traumáticas de acordo com o engajamento em esportes com diferentes níveis de impacto, assim como identificar o potencial impacto da participação esportiva nos gastos entre adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal com 24 meses de seguimento. A amostra foi composta por 285 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (202 meninos e 83 meninas) que foram contatados pelos pesquisadores em escolas (n= 104) e clubes esportivos (n= 181) localizados na região metropolitana de Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil. Todos os adolescentes foram convidados considerando os seguintes critérios de inclusão: a) idade entre 10-19 anos, 2) assinatura dos pais no termo de consentimento, 3) se contatados em clubes esportivos, pelo menos um ano de treino; se contatados na escola, pelo menos um ano sem prática esportiva ou exercícios. Os grupos foram classificados em: Controle (n= 104), Natação (n= 34), e Esportes de Impacto (n= 147). A ocorrência de fraturas e gastos em saúde foram avaliadas mensalmente durante 12 meses antes da linha de base e 12 meses após linha de base. Sexo, idade, composição corporal, participação esportiva, maturação biológica e proteína CReativa (PCR) foram avaliados durante os 12 meses após a linha de base. Análise estatística foi composta por teste Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado, Regressão de Cox, Kruskal-Wallis, Analise de Covariância e medidas de tamanho de efeito. A significância estatística foi fixada em p<0.05 e todas as análises foram realizadas no software BioEstat (versão 5,2 [BioEstat, Teffe, Brasil]). Resultados: A incidência de novas fraturas foi de 2,1% (n= 6). A ocorrência de fraturas traumáticas durante o período de 24 meses (12 meses de seguimento + 12 meses prévios) foi de 6,0% ([IC95%: 3,2% a 8,7%]; n= 17). Os gastos totais acumulados durante o período de 12 meses de seguimento foram de U$ 2.991,96. Quando comparados os adolescentes de acordo com a incidência de novas fraturas, não houveram diferenças por sexo, idade, densidade óssea, gordura corporal, esportes, maturação biológica e PCR. Gastos totais também não apresentaram diferença de acordo com a ocorrência de qualquer fratura durante o período de 24 meses. Participação esportiva não mostrou qualquer associação ou risco para a ocorrência de fraturas traumáticas. Quando desmembrados os grupos por esportes, atletismo [US$ 4,13 (27,67)], ginástica [US$ 10,77 (23,90)], judô [US$ 4,24 (6,96)] e natação [US$ 24,67 (46,50)] apresentaram maiores gastos quando comparados ao grupo controle. Caratê, kung-Fu, tênis, basquete e baseball não apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados ao grupo controle. Nadadores apresentaram maiores gastos com medicação (p-valor= 0,001), consultas (p-valor= 0,001) e exames (p-valor= 0,005) quando comparados ao grupo controle e esportes de impacto. Mesmo após ajustes por fatores de confusão, nadadores (Média: US$ log10 1,172 [IC95%: 0.925 a 1.420]) tiveram maiores gastos do que o grupo controle (Média: US$ log10 0,280 [IC95%: 0,101 a 0,459]) e esportes de impacto (Média: US$ log10 0,404 [IC95%: 0,290 a 0,519]) (p-valor = 0,001). Participação esportiva explicou 13,2% de toda variância em gastos com saúde, enquanto sexo (2,6% da variância) e fraturas (3,5% da variância) também foram covariáveis relacionadas aos gastos nesse modelo. Conclusão: Os achados desse estudo indicaram que participação esportiva (incluindo esportes de impacto) não aumentou o risco de fraturas entre adolescentes, enquanto fraturas traumáticas foram o principal determinante de gastos com saúde entre adolescentes. Além disso, alguns esportes pareceram estar mais relacionados a maiores gastos com saúde entre adolescentes, independente do impacto econômico de fraturas e sexo.
Objective: To analyze the risk of traumatic fractures according to the engagement in sports with different levels of physical impact, as well as to identify the potential impact of sports participation on health care costs among adolescents. Methods: Longitudinal study with 24 months of follow-up. The sample was composed of 285 adolescents of both sexes (202 boys and 83 girls) who were contacted by the researchers in schools (n= 104) and sports clubs (n= 181) located in the metropolitan region of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil. All adolescents were invited, considering the inclusion criteria: 1) 10-19 years-old, 2) parents' consent form signed, 3) if contacted in any sports club, at least one year of training experience; if contacted in any school unit, at least one year without regular practice of sport or exercise. The groups were classified as: Control (n= 104), Swimming (n= 34), and Impact Sports (n= 147). The occurrence of fractures and health care costs were assessed monthly during the 12 months before baseline, as well as 12 months after baseline. Sex, age, body composition, sports participation, peak height velocity (PHV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed during the 12 months of follow-up. Statistical analyses were composed of Mann-Whitney test, chisquare test, Cox Regression, Kruskal-Wallis test, Analysis of Covariance and measures of effect size. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and all analyzes were performed using BioEstat software (version 5.2 [BioEstat, Teffe, Brazil]). Results: The incidence of new fractures was 2.1% (n= 6). The occurrence of traumatic fractures during the 24-month period (12-month follow-up plus previous 12 months) was 6.0% ([95%CI: 3.2% to 8.7%]; n= 17). The overall costs accounted during the 12-month follow-up were U$ 2,991.96. When comparing the adolescents according to the incidence of new fractures, there were no differences regarding age, BMD, BF, sports, PHV, and CRP. Overall health care costs were also not different according to subjects with any fracture during the 24-month period. Sports participation did not show any significant association or risk with the occurrence of traumatic fractures. When breaking the groups down by sport, track and field [US$ 4.13 (27.67)], gymnastics [US$ 10.77 (23.90)], judo [US$ 4.24 (6.96)], and swimming [US$ 24.67 (46.50)] presented higher costs when compared to the control group. Karate, kung-Fu, tennis, basketball and baseball did not show significant differences when compared to the control group. Concerning health care costs, swimmers presented higher costs with medicine (p-value= 0.001), appointments (p-value= 0.001), and tests (p-value= 0.005) when compared to control and impact sports groups. Even after adjustment by confounders, swimmers (Mean: US$ log10 1.172 [95%CI: 0.925 to 1.420]) had higher health care costs than control (Mean: US$ log10 0.280 [95%CI: 0.101 to 0.459]) and impact sports (Mean: US$ log10 0.404 [95%CI: 0.290 to 0.519]) (p-value = 0.001). Sports participation explained 13.2% of all variance in health care costs, while sex (2.6% of the variance) and fractures (3.5% of the variance) were also covariates related to health care costs in this model. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that sports participation (including impact sports) did not increase the risk of fracture among adolescents, while traumatic fracture was the main determinant of health care costs among these adolescents. Moreover, some sports seem to be related to higher health care costs among adolescents, independently of the significant economic burden of fractures and sex.
2016/20377-0
24
Beukes, Phillo. "A comparison between the effects of hamstring static stretching and active warm-up on range of motion and performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3002.
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Vadachalan, Timothy. "The effect of a hamstring contract-relax-agonist-contract intervention on sprint and agility performance in moderately active males." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14313.
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Background: The demands of modern day sport require athletes to reach their optimal sporting performance. Flexibility is an important component of exercise performance. The high incidence of hamstring strain injuries in various sporting codes has been linked to reduced hamstring flexibility. Stretching has been used as the primary method to improve or maintain flexibility as a prophylactic prevention of muscle strains in many sporting codes. While a variety of stretching techniques exist, contract-relax-agonist-contract (CRAC) stretching, a type of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, appears to induce greater flexibility improvements than other forms of stretching. However, the effectiveness of this stretch as a method of enhancing agility and sprint performance, as functional measures of athletic performance, has yet to be determined. Objective: To determine the effect of hamstring contract-relax-agonist-contract stretch on flexibility, agility and sprint performance as functional measures of muscle performance in moderately active adult males. Methods: Forty healthy male volunteers between the ages of 21 and 35 years, who performed between three and five hours of physical activity per week were recruited for this study, which had a true experimental design. Participants provided written informed consent, and completed medical- and exercise-related questionnaires. Body mass, stature and body mass index were measured. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which received the CRAC intervention, or the control group, which did not receive CRAC intervention. Participants attended a total of three testing sessions. During the first session, hamstring flexibility and sprint and agility times were measured. In the second session, pre- and post-CRAC hamstring flexibility was measured and the best of twotimed trials was recorded for the sprint and agility tests. During the final testing session, pre-CRAC hamstring flexibility was recorded and following a standardised warm-up, post-CRAC hamstring flexibility was measured at specifically timed intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 15, and 20 min) on a randomly selected leg (referred to as the "thixotropy" leg). The hamstring flexibility of the opposite leg (the "control" leg) was measured at 0 and 20 min only. A standardised warm-up was performed prior to the hamstring CRAC stretch in all testing sessions. During testing sessions, participants in the control group were asked to rest in supine lying for 6 min, which was equivalent to the time taken to perform the CRAC stretch for participants in the experimental group following the warm-up. Results: There was a significant difference between groups in body mass (p = 0.02), with participants in the experimental group (n = 20) having a significantly higher body mass, compared to participants in the control group (n = 20). There were no significant differences between groups for any other descriptive variables. There was a significant increased percentage change in hamstring flexibility of the experimental group, compared to the control group (p <.001). No significant differences were found in the percentage of change of agility, best 10 m or best 25 m sprint times between groups. There was a significant difference between groups with repeated flexibility measurements conducted over regularly timed intervals (F(7, 266) = 38.95; p <.001). Hamstring flexibility remained significantly increased for the duration of 8 min in the experimental group post-CRAC stretch, compared to the control group (p <.001). There were no significant differences between the knee extension angles of the "thixotropic" and "control" leg in the experimental and control groups at the 20 minute interval when compared to baseline knee extension angles within each group. Conclusion: Hamstring flexibility was significantly increased for up to 8 min following the CRAC stretch. However, the CRAC stretch was ineffective in enhancing agility and sprint performance. The need for further research into the use of CRAC stretching as a method of functional performance enhancement was highlighted. There should be a standardised protocol of CRAC application, and future studies should determine the effects of chronic stretch adaptations following regular, longterm hamstring CRAC application on measures of exercise performance. This study showed that CRAC is an effective, time-efficient method of stretching that does not have a detrimental effect on exercise performance.
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Wong, Yee-man Bonny. "Adolescents' physical activity competition between perceived neighborhood sport facilities and home media resources /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085696.
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Southward, Elissa Fay. "The contribution of active travel to school to physical activity in children and adolescents." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679955.
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Active travel is a possible method to increase physical activity in children and adolescents and it has been associated with higher physical activity in youth. However, it is unclear what the precise contribution of the journey is to daily physical activity relative to other activity before and after school. The aim of this thesis is to explore and quantify the contribution of school specific active travel to physical activity in children and adolescents aged 10-16 years. Participants were from the PEACH Project (Personal and Environmental Associations with Children's Health) in Bristol, England. One thousand three hundred and seven UK primary school children had been recruited in their final year (Y6, 10-11 years), of whom 953 were followed-up the first year of secondary school (Y7, 11-12 years) and finally 585 were followed-up the final year of secondary school (Y11 , 15-16 years). Longitudinal analyses in Chapter 4 showed a change from active to passive travel between Y6 and Y7 was associated with decreased weekday physical activity. There was little change in travel mode between Y7 and Y11, and physical activity decreased over this time; however children who walked to/from school still had the greater physical activity compared to car/bus users. In Chapter 5, analyses based on combined accelerometry, GPS and GIS showed that the journey was a major contributor to children's daily physical activity levels in Y7. A comparison of two GPS models in Chapter 6, found a 12.7% loss of data, due to signal acquisition and dropout issues, in GPS data measured by the Garmin Foretrex 201 compared with the BT QStarz (used in Y11); therefore, journey MVPA, duration and distance were likely underestimated in Y6 and Y7. Longitudinal analyses in Chapter 7 showed that as physical activity levels decreased with age, journey related physical activity increased and became an increasingly important contributor to physical activity. Physical activity acquired during the school journey was similar for both boys and girls, but since girls were less active than boys overall, the journey contributed a greater proportion of their daily MVP A. This thesis confirms the important role of active travel in contributing to children's weekday physical activity and suggests that interventions which aim to maintain and increase active travel between primary and secondary school may be an important public health target to reducing the decline in physical activity levels seen throughout adolescence, especially in girls.
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Atkin, Andrew J. "School gate to dinner plate : sedentary and physically active behaviours in adolescents after school." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13533.
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Against a backdrop of rising overweight and obesity, there is a need to further our understanding of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns in young people to aid the development of behaviour change strategies that may bring about an increase in energy expenditure. Sedentary and active behaviours exhibit temporal patterning, thus it may be beneficial to examine behaviour and associations between behaviours during specific periods of the day This thesis presents five studies that examine sedentary and physically active behaviours in adolescents during the three hours immediately after school. Chapter 2, using data from a large study of adolescents in the UK, describes physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns between 15.30h - 18.30h, and examines the contribution of this period relative to broader leisure-time behaviour patterns. In chapter 3.1, the' associations between a broad range of sedentary behaviours and objectively assessed physical activity are examined during the after school hours, providing unique insight into the interactions between behaviours at this time. Chapter 3.2 explores the social and environmental context of selected sedentary and active behaviours after school, enabling a more complete understanding of where and with whom young people spend their time during these hours. Chapter 4 is a systematic literature review of interventions to increase physical activity in young people conducted in the hours immediately after school. Together, the four studies described above established a rationale and informed the content of a pilot family-based intervention to reduce screen-time and increase physical activity after school, presented in Chapter 5. Approximately 40% of adolescents' leisure-time physical activity occurs in the three hours immediately after school, suggesting that this is a critical period in which young people obtain a significant proportion of their daily leisure-time activity. However, sedentary behaviours, particularly screen-based media, account for the majority of time-use during these hours, and may displace participation in physical activity. The development of time-targeted intervention strategies, with a focus upon the after school period, holds considerable promise for the promotion of physical activity in young people.
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Duché, Pascale. "Etude longitudinale du développement bioénergétique de l'enfant au cours de la puberté : influence de l'entrainement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF22509.
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L'objet de ce travail est l'étude de l'influence respective de la puberté et de l'entrainement sur le profil biométrique, bioénèrgétique et hormonal du garçon. 43 garçons prepubéres au début de l'étude sont répartis en 4 groupes selon leur pratique et sportive hebdomadaire et leur stade pubertaire: sportifs prepubéres et pubéres, non sportifs prepubéres et pubéres. Les enfants non sportifs bénéficient de l'eps (5 h. Sem##1 max. ). Les enfants sportifs sont des nageurs réalisant en plus de l'eps, 3 a 4 entrainements par semaine (7 h. Sem##1 mini. ). La consommation maximale en oxygène (vo#2 max. : méthode directe), la puissance et la capacité anaérobie (pmax. : test de force-vitesse; p30s: test de wingate), les concentrations sanguines en acide lactique à l'issue de l'épreuve maximale aérobie (l#s max. ) et de l'épreuve de Wingate (l#s wing. ) et les concentrations salivaires de testostérone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone et 11 hydroxyandrostenedione déterminées avant et après l'épreuve maximale aérobie ont été étudiées. Les principaux résultats montrent une influence prépondérante de la puberté sur le développement des possibilités anaérobie de l'enfant. Pmax. Et p30s (watt, watt. Kg##1, watt. Kg##1 mm) augmentent de façon significative avec le démarrage pubertaire. L#s wing. Est plus élevé chez les enfants pubères que chez les prepubères. La testostérone, correlée de façon significative avec pmax, p30s, l#s max. Et l#s wing. , semble avoir une action sur le développement quantitatif et qualitatif de la masse musculaire. Nous n'observons pas de différence de vo#2 max. Relatif au poids corporel ou a la masse maigre entre les différents groupes. Un entrainement de 24 mois n'engendre pas de modifications sur le plan biométrique, hormonal et bioenergétique des enfants tant avant qu'après le démarrage pubertaire
30
SIRET, REMY. "La legitimite de l'intervention educative : sports de combat dans un centre socio-educatif pour adolescents." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON1A003.
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Bonnet, Caroline. "Choisir le volley-ball : une autre façon de vivre la violence pour des adolescents." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H020.
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Cette étude s'est intéressée aux adolescents et le volley-ball. Les questions relatives à ce travail étaient : quelles sont les motivations des jeunes à pratiquer un sport tel que le volley-ball ? De quelle façon parviennent-ils à atteindre l'adversaire, lui faire violence ? Peut-on y voir un type particulier de violence ? Les joueurs de sexe féminin et masculin ont-ils les mêmes raisons de jouer ? Trente entretiens cliniques ont été réalisés auprès d'adolescents, d'adultes et d'entraîneurs. Ainsi ce travail a pu dégager que les jeunes choisissent le volley-ball en raison de la mise à distance de l'adversaire, plus précisément parce qu'il n'y a pas de violence corporelle directe. Il était alors intéressant d'étudier quel type de violence se joue dans cette pratique. Il en ressort qu'elle est indirecte, non agie et qu'il est possible de parler d'une violence visuelle : la violence du voir. En effet, le volley-ball offre un cadre et un espace favorisant la fantasmatisation. Enfin, cette recherche a tenté de dégager qu'il existait des différences en fonction du sexe du joueur : il apparaît principalement que les filles apprécient l'absence de contact de part la présence du filet, tandis que les garçons se sentent valorisé par un sport où la violence est mentale, "intelligente". La finalité de cette étude est de dégager ce que peut apporter le volley-ball à dans la maturation des adolescents : une autre façon de vivre la violence au quotidienThis study concerns adolescence and volleyball. The questions relating to this study were : what motivates young people to practice a sport like volleyball ? How can they exert control over their opponent to push them to do something ? Can one see a certain type of violence ? Do female and male players play for the same reasons ? Thirty clinical interviews took place with adolescents, adults and coaches. This study makes it clear that young people chose volleyball due to the distance of the opponent and more precisely because they don't have direct physical contact. It was therefore interesting to study what type of violence is used in this sport. In conclusion, it is indirect, not acted out and it is possible to speak of a visual violence : the violence of seeing. In fact, volleyball offers a framework and a space to support fantasy. Lastly, this study clarifies the fact that there exist differences in regard to the sex of the players : it appears that girl appreciate the absence of physical contact due to the presence of the net, while boys feel valorization from a sport where violence is mental "intelligent". The conclusion of this study shows what volleyball can bring to the maturation of adolescents : another way of living with everyday violence
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Bernstorf, Jill. "Influence of Competitive Sports on Disordered Eating Behaviors in Young Female Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3682.
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The field of treating and learning about eating disorders in athletes is a growing field that continues to flourish as more knowledge is acquired. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that length of time in the sport, age at which an individual starts a competitive sport, level of competitiveness, and type of sport (leanness vs. non-leanness focused) has on disordered eating behaviors. The participants were college students who were involved in at least one competitive sport in their life. They completed the EAT-26 questionnaire as well as a basic questionnaire. There was not enough data collected to conduct a logistic regression so descriptive statistics are reported. This remains an area to be further explored as there is a gap in the literature on the age at which individuals begin competitive sports and the length of time in sports and how that relates to disordered eating behaviors.
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Kahaiali'i, Nathan A. K. "The Effect of Ethnic Identity on Motivation to be Physically Active in Schools in Hawai’i." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8533.
Full textAbstract:
This cross-sectional study examines if there is a relationship between student ethnic identity and their motivation towards physical activity (PA), with a particular interest with students who self-identify as Hawaiian. Results indicate that there is a small but positive correlation between motivational indices and measures of ethnic identity. This study surveyed 301 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students from one of the Hawaiian Islands. The survey consisted of the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (SIMS) instrument (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) to measure motivation of PA and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised (MEIM-R) instrument (Phinney & Ong, 2007) to measure ethnic identity. Participants were given a pedometer to measure PA (steps) and a list of sports and activities they participate in outside of school. MANOVA was used to examine significant differences among group variables (gender and ethnic identity) for selected variables (motivational indices, ethnic exploration, ethnic commitment, and steps). Data analysis reveals significant gender effects for all response variables, notably males being significantly more intrinsically motivated (MIM = 5.94), externally regulated (MER = 4.55), and amotivated (MAM = 2.77) towards PA than females. Yet, females explore their ethnic identity (MExplore = 3.78) and are committed to their ethnic identity (MCommit = 4.00) significantly more than males. Significant ethnic identity effects were found for motivational measures amotivation (AM), self-determination index (SDI) score, notably Hawaiian students demonstrating significantly lower AM (MAM = 2.18) than Hispanic students, and Asian students. Also, Hawaiian students demonstrate significantly higher SDI scores (MSDI = 9.02) than Asian students. Hawaiian students in general explore and commit to their ethnic identity more than not, and are positively motivated towards PA. Hawaiian students who explore their culture and are committed towards their ethnic identity are more likely to be positively motivated towards PA. Although this indicates a relationship between student ethnic identity and motivation towards PA, future research needs to be made on the relationship of ethnic identity and motivation towards PA with a larger population of Hawaiian students.
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Maïano, Christophe. "La pratique sportive : un support de valorisation pour les adolescents présentant des troubles du comportement ?" Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON14003.
Full textAbstract:
LES ADOLESCENTS PRESENTANT DES TROUBLES DU COMPORTEMENT (TC), SCOLARISES DANS UN INSTITUT DE REEDUCATION (IR), TEMOIGNENT SELON LES CLINICIENS D'UNE IMAGE DEVALORISEE. LORS D'UNE ETUDE PRELIMINAIRE, NOUS AVONS CONFIRME CETTE OBSERVATION A L'AIDE D'UN QUESTIONNAIRE D'ESTIME DE SOI ET DU SOI PHYSIQUE. AFIN DE LIMITER CETTE DEVALORISATION, LES PROFESSIONNELS DES IR UTILISENT SPONTANEMENT LES PRATIQUES SPORTIVES. POURTANT, AUCUNE ETUDE CONTROLEE N'A VERIFIE LA VERACITE DE CETTE DEMARCHE. L'OBJECTIF CENTRAL DE CETTE THESE EST D'EVALUER LES REPERCUSSIONS DE RENCONTRES DE BASKET-BALL SUR L'ESTIME DE SOI, LE SOI PHYSIQUE ET LES HABILETES MOTRICES D'ADOLESCENTS TC D'IR. TROIS GROUPES HOMOGENES DE HUIT ADOLESCENTS PRESENTANT DES TROUBLES DU COMPORTEMENT ET DES APPRENTISSAGES ONT ETE CONSTITUES. DEUX GROUPES ENGAGES DANS DEUX MODALITES COMPETITIVES EN BASKET-BALL (INTER-ETABLISSEMENTS SPECIALISES ET INTEGREES) ONT REALISE 18 RENCONTRES EN 24 MOIS. LE TROISIEME SERVANT DE GROUPE CONTROLE ETAIT COMPOSE DE SUJETS PRATIQUANT L'EDUCATION PHYSIQUE DANS LE CADRE DE LEUR IR. UN SUIVI LONGITUDINAL SUR 24 MOIS A ANALYSE L'EVOLUTION (a) DES HABILETES SPORTIVES EN BASKET-BALL, (b) DU RESULTAT PERCU AUX TESTS D'HABILETES SPORTIVES EN BASKET-BALL, (c) DE L'ESTIME DE SOI ET DU SOI PHYSIQUE EN BASKET-BALL. LES RESULTATS MONTRENT (a) QUE LES HABILITES MOTRICES SPECIFIQUES AU BASKET-BALL SE SONT AMELIOREES, (b) QUE LES ADOLESCENTS TC ONT UNE RELATIVEMENT BONNE IMPRESSION DE LEURS CAPACITES MOTRICES EN BASKET-BALL, (c) QUE LES PRATIQUES SPORTIVES INTEGREES OU INTER-ETABLISSEMENTS SPECIALISES N'ONT PAS AUGMENTE LE NIVEAU D'ESTIME DE SOI ET DU SOI PHYSIQUE DES ADOLESCENTS TC. CETTE IMPOSSIBILITE DES RENCONTRES SPORTIVES EN BASKET-BALL, A VALORISER LES ADOLESCENTS TC, S'EXPLIQUE PAR DES FACTEURS ENDOGENES (FAIBLE IMPORTANCE ACCORDEE A LA REUSSITE EN SPORT, MANQUE D'ASPIRATIONS, DESORIENTATION TEMPORELLE) ET EXOGENES (SENSIBILITE AUX EVENEMENTS RENCONTRES, DISCIPLINE SPORTIVE PRATIQUEE). LA THESE SOUTENUE EST, QUE LA PRATIQUE SPORTIVE COMPETITIVE NE CONSTITUE PAS UN SUPPORT PROBANT DE VALORISATION POUR LES ADOLESCENTS TC PLACES EN IR. CELLE-CI SOULIGNE QUE LES PRATIQUES SPORTIVES COMPETITIVES, TELLES QU'ELLES SONT PROPOSEES AUJOURD'HUI PAR LES IR, NE SONT PAS POUR CES ADOLESCENTS STRUCTURANTES SUR LE PLAN PSYCHIQUE. ELLES N'ONT PAS INTRINSEQUEMENT DE VERTUS THERAPEUTIQUES. ELLES REPRESENTENT POUR CES ELEVES UN SIMPLE AGIR CORPOREL, UNE ACTIVITE DE DECHARGE PULSIONNELLE SANS AUCUNE REPERCUSSION PSYCHIQUE. CETTE THESE PRECONISE DONC AUX RESPONSABLES INSTITUTIONNELS ET AUX PRATICIENS, D'ASSOCIER UN ESPACE DE VERBALISATION A LA PRATIQUE SPORTIVE ET D'UTILISER DES ACTIVITES SPORTIVES INDIVIDUELLES A DOMINANTE ENERGETIQUE ET/OU DE FORCE, PLUTOT QUE DES SPORTS COLLECTIFS.
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Lemme, Thato. "Barriers to highly active antiretroviral therapy amongst HIV-infected adolescents in a government hospital in Botswana." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53426.
Full textAbstract:
The emergence of the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has resulted in many children being perinatally-infected. Some die before reaching adolescence, while others survived into adolescence due to the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Amongst countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana has the highest estimated prevalence rate of HIV and AIDS which is 18.5% of a total population of 2 038 228. In 2002, Botswana became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to launch a free national HAART programme in the public health sector. The country has achieved more than a 96% coverage rate of HAART. Despite availability of HAART, adolescence is a complex developmental phase marked with psychological, behavioural, physiological and cognitive changes. Hence, the goal of the study has been to identify barriers to HAART adherence amongst HIV-infected adolescents in a government hospital, in Botswana.
A qualitative research approach and a phenomenological research design have been utilised to explore and describe factors that inhibit HIV-infected adolescents from adhering appropriately to HAART. The study participants are twelve HIV-infected adolescents (males and females) aged 13 to 17 years who receive HAART from a government hospital in Botswana. Simple random sampling had been used to select these study participants. Unstructured, one-on-one interviews had been conducted utilising an interview schedule and the data that had been collected from the interviews has been transcribed and thematically analysed using Tesch s framework. A bio-ecological perspective has been applied to enhance understanding of this phenomenon.
The following themes emerged from the study: knowledge about HIV and AIDS and the importance of HAART adherence, contextualising and conceptualising HAART adherence amongst adolescents, factors contributing towards non-adherence to HAART amongst HIV-infected adolescents, coping strategies and recommendations. The study findings reveal that participants displayed adequate knowledge regarding HIV and AIDS, its transmission, prevention and treatment. However, participants showed inadequate knowledge regarding the myths of HIV and AIDS. The study findings reveal further that participants are knowledgeable of the benefits of HAART adherence, methods that are being utilised to assess adherence and consequences of non-adherence. Hospital, school, home, radio, television, pamphlets, teen club and church are the major sources of information for the knowledge displayed. The results of the study show that a significant number of participants started treatment at a younger age and have been on treatment for lengthier periods. The main barriers to HAART adherence are individually-related factors, regimen or medication side effects, social stigma from school and community, and lengthy waiting times in the health facility during medication refills. However, disclosure of HIV positive status, support from family, teen club or peers, hospital, school, church and various individual strategies were utilised as coping mechanisms.
Moreover, majority of the participants were adamant that continuous education on the importance of HAART adherence by healthcare workers and caregivers is essential. They also added that medication supervision is a key strategy in enhancing adherence amongst non-adherent HIV-infected adolescents.
Recommendations include the imperativeness of a multi-sectoral approach towards strengthening education on HIV and AIDS, including the importance of HAART adherence, as well as addressing stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV and AIDS. Last of all, future research should include caregivers and healthcare workers particularly, in studies of this nature to strengthen the findings. It should also consider the effectiveness of initiatives that have been outlined to promote HAART adherence.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
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Machingaidze, Shingai. "The predictive value of a QuantiFERON conversion in the development of active tuberculosis disease in adolescents." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11366.
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This study is an extension of a prospective epidemiological study of TB disease and infection in adolescents in the Worcester and surrounding areas in the Western Cape carried out from 2005 to 2009, in which 6363 participants were enrolled from local public schools. In this follow-on study, a subset of adolescents who were identified to have converted their QFT status during the original study will be followed up and observed for the occurrence of active TB disease over a period of two years. A similar sized, random sample of participants identified to have a QFT status that remained negative throughout the original study will be used as the control group.
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Dias, Bernardo Miloski. "O efeito da estratégia de periodização baseada na intensificação e tapering nas respostas hormonais, comportamentais, perceptuais e de desempenho em jovens jogadores de basquetebol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-05042016-072234/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo desta tese foi examinar o efeito de uma etapa de intensificação das cargas de força e de uma subsequente etapa de tapering no desempenho técnico e físico, respostas perceptuais e comportamentais, e respostas hormonais de jogadores adolescentes de basquetebol. Dezesseis jogadores de basquetebol (sub15 e sub 16) foram submetidos a cinco semanas de intensificação das cargas de força e três semanas de tapering. A carga interna de treinamento (CIT) foi registrada utilizando-se o método da Percepção Subjetiva do Esforço (PSE) da sessão. Os atletas responderam os questionários Profile of Mood States (POMS) e Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes (DALDA) semanalmente. A concentração de testosterona salivar, desempenho em testes físicos (teste T, Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery 1 [Yo-yo IR1], supino reto e leg press 45º), e ações de deslocamento e ações técnicas durante jogo reduzido foram registrados no início do treinamento (T1), ao final da intensificação (T2) e final de tapering (T3). Maiores valores de CIT foram registrados durante a intensificação (vs. tapering). Não foram observadas alterações na concentração de testosterona e na tolerância ao estresse durante o experimento. Entretanto, observou-se maior fadiga e menor energy index na etapa de intensificação (vs. tapering), sem alteração para o estado de vigor entre as etapas. Adicionalmente, foi observado aumento da carga levantada no supino reto e no leg press 45º (T1 vs. T2; T1 vs. T3), bem como melhora do desempenho no teste T (T1 vs. T2; T1 vs. T3) e Yo-yo IR1 (T1 vs. T2; T1 vs. T3; T2 vs. T3). O grupo também demonstrou redução do tempo dedicado as ações andar/parado (T1 vs. T2 e T3) e shuffle de baixa intensidade (T1 vs. T3), bem como aumento do tempo de corrida (T1 vs. T2 e T3). O programa de treinamento acarretou aumento com tamanho de efeito pequeno no número de ações de arremesso certo, total de arremessos, desarme realizado, rebote e finta com bola. Os atletas com melhor desempenho no Yo-yo IR1 apresentaram maior tempo dedicado a corrida e número de fintas com bola (vs. pior desempenho); os com melhor desempenho no teste T, maior número de fintas com bola; os com melhor desempenho no leg press 45º, maior número de fintas com bola. Não houve diferença nas ações realizadas pelos grupos melhor e pior desempenho no supino reto. Em conclusão, essas respostas adaptativas sugerem que, a) os jogadores de basquetebol adolescentes foram capazes de lidar apropriadamente com o estresse proveniente da intensificação das cargas de treinamento de força sucedida por uma etapa de tapering; b) que essa estratégia de treinamento foi eficaz para a melhora da aptidão física e do padrão de deslocamento na condição de jogo reduzido, e acarretou em um efeito \"pequeno\", mas possivelmente importante no desempenho técnico observado durante a condição de jogo reduzido; c) que o desempenho em testes físicos pode afetar o desempenho na condição de jogo reduzidoThe aim of this thesis was to examine the effect of strength overloading and tapering on technical and physical performance, perceptual, behavioral and hormonal responses in adolescent basketball players. Sixteen basketball players (under15 and under16) were submitted to five weeks of strength overloading and three tapering weeks. Internal load training (ITL) was recorded using the session Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes (DALDA) were recorded weekly. Salivary testosterone concentration, performance in physical tests (T test, Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery 1 [Yo-yo IR1], bench press and leg press 45º), displacement action, and technical actions performed during small-sided game were recorded at the beginning of the study (T1), after overloading (T2) and tapering (T3). Higher values for ITL in overloading (vs. tapering) were observed. As well as higher fatigue and lower energy index in overloading (vs. tapering), but without difference for vigor state between periods. However, it was not observed changes in testosterone concentration and stress tolerance across the training program. There were increases in lifted load in bench press and leg press 45º (T1 vs. T2; T1 vs. T3), as well as improvements in T test (T1 vs. T2; T1 vs. T3) and Yo-yo IR1 performances (T1 vs. T2; T1 vs. T3; T2 vs. T3). A decrease in percentage time of standing/walking (T1 vs. T2 e T3) and low intensity shuffle actions (T1 vs. T3), and am increase in percentage time of running (T1 vs. T2 e T3) were observed. It was verified that the training program causes an increase with a small effect in number of successful shoots, total shoot, tackles made, rebounds and dribbling with the ball. Better performers in the Yo-yo IR1 showed higher number of dribbling with the ball, percentage of running time (vs. worse performance). Better performers in T test showed higher number of dribbling with the ball; the top performers in leg press 45º had higher number of dribbling with the ball. There was no difference for actions performed between athletes with better and worse performance in the bench press. In conclusion, these adaptive responses suggest that, a) adolescent basketball players were able to cope with stress from strength overloading, followed by a tapering period; b) this strategy was efficient to improve physical performance and displacement actions pattern in small sided games, and shows a small effect but, possibly, with an important practical effect on technical performance in small sided games; c) performance in physical tests affects the performance in small sided games
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Taylor, Shallie Marlene. "Influences on Active Family Leisure and Its Relationship to Obesity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2484.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control influence adolescents' intent to participate in active family leisure and furthermore to explore the nature of the relationship between active family leisure and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents. Adolescents (N = 472) completed an online questionnaire assessing the theory of planned behavior (TPB) variables, active family leisure, individual active leisure, and BMI. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Tests of direct paths of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to intent indicated these variables were significant predictors of intent to participate in active family leisure. The combination of attitude and subjective norm was the greatest predictor of intent. The TPB was extended to examine the relationship between active family leisure and BMI. There was not a significant relationship; however the TPB did accurately model the behavior of active family leisure. Findings suggest the influence of friends and family is a strong predictor for active family leisure. This highlights the important role families and friends can play to encourage adolescents' participation in active family leisure.
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Peiffer, Adam J. "The Collaborative Assessment of Neurocognition and Vision in Adolescents with Sports-related Concussion - The CANVAS Concussion Study." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523962375501181.
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Allsop, Susan. "Acute appetite, energy intake and physical activity levels of 8 to 11 year-old boys in response to active video gaming." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/29619/.
Full textAbstract:
There is evidence that physical activity (PA) levels are declining in English children. Sedentary screen based media activities, including computer use and video game play have been linked to low PA levels and unhealthy energy intake (EI). These behaviours appear to be particularly prevalent in boys during mid-to-late childhood. Recent laboratory-based studies have found active video games can increase children’s energy expenditure (EE) and PA levels to moderate to vigorous levels, in comparison to matched conditions such as resting and seated video game play and so could increase children’s PA. However, the previous active video gaming studies have utilised various protocols that probably do not accurately reflect the real life active video gaming practices of children. Recently it has been established that there is EI in adolescents during active video gaming. If this is so, the EI during active video gaming could potentially counteract the EE from active video game play. The purpose of this thesis therefore, was to establish the acute appetite, EI and PA responses to active video gaming, in 8-11 y boys. There is sparse information regarding the habitual active video gaming behaviours of children during mid-to-late childhood. Consequently, in study one a questionnaire was designed specifically, to understand the real-life active video gaming practices of 40 7-11 yr-olds. By utilising the survey findings, in study two an acute intervention was designed to investigate the subjective appetite sensations (hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness), EI and PA in response to active video gaming in 21 8-11 yr-old boys. Each boy completed four individual 90 min gaming bouts in a randomised order which were; 1) seated video gaming no food or drinks, 2) active video gaming no food or drinks, 3) seated video gaming, food and drinks offered ad libitum and 4) active video gaming, food and drinks offered ad libitum. The study determined that there were no differences in acute sensations of hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness, or EI (MJ) between the seated and active video gaming bouts during which foods and drinks were offered ad libitum (bouts 3 and 4). Physical activity levels due to active video gaming were light and from seated video gaming were sedentary. Energy intake during both bouts was greater than the estimated EE, thus producing a positive relative energy balance state in the boys. As subjective appetite findings did not explain the high EI during both seated and active video gaming, the objective study of appetite was necessary. A previous adult study had established good reproducibility in GLP-17-36, glucagon, leptin and insulin by using the less invasive fingertip capillary sampling. Since fingertip capillary sampling had not been utilised to measure plasma concentrations of the above mentioned hormones in children during gaming, in study three, preliminary testing established good reliability for fasting plasma GLP-17-36 and blood glucose in 8- 11 yr-old boys. Enabling study three to compare acute satiety related signalling, subjective appetite, EI and PA in 21 8-11 yr-old boys, in response to one bout of active video gaming and one bout of seated video gaming, during which food and drinks were offered ad libitum. The satiety-related signals, namely plasma GLP-17-36 and blood glucose were measured alongside subjective appetite sensations and EI during active and seated video game play and in a post-gaming test meal. A significant increase in glucose showed the boys had consumed a greater proportion of carbohydrate (CHO) during active video gaming. However, as more total energy was consumed during seated video gaming, and plasma GLP-17-36 was higher during active video gaming, according to the ‘glucostatic theory’, there may have been a satiety response. The satiety signals may not have been strong enough to override the hedonic response to food intake, especially as fullness sensations were higher during active video gaming. Physical activity levels were light due to active video gaming and sedentary from seated video gaming and so on cessation of both bouts, the relative energy balance of the boys was positive. The positive relative energy balance state was then not compensated for by a reduction in EI in a post-gaming test meal. Instead, the additional EI resulted in an increase in the positive relative energy balance state, of the 8-11 yr-old boys. The overall findings of this thesis established that EI appears to be commonplace in the majority of 8-11 yr-old children during active video gaming. Parents should encourage their children to play active, rather than seated video games to reduce sedentary time and also discourage EI during game play.
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Davies, Ben Rhys. "Dietary glycaemic carbohydrate, physical activity and cardiometabolic health in postpubertal adolescents." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/316091.
Full textAbstract:
The principle aims of this work were two fold; firstly to identify the current dietary intakes (specifically dietary glycaemic carbohydrate (CHO)) and physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of a UK, postpubertal, adolescent population (n = 105) and assess the relationship between these factors, adiposity and cardiometabolic health. Diet and health relationships were assessed whilst accounting for energy misreporting and controlling for levels of PA and CRF. The effect of excluding dietary misreporters on the associations between glycaemic CHO and health was assessed whilst comparing an established technique (the Goldberg equation) to a novel approach (the ratio of energy intake (EI) to energy expenditure (EE)), which utilised RT3 accelerometry data (EI:EE(RT3)). Associations of PA and metabolic risk factors were also assessed whilst comparing two child specific PA thresholds for the assessment of PA subcomponents. Secondly, the impact of a flexible, ad libitum, low GI dietary intervention on cardiometabolic health was examined in an „at risk‟, overweight, postpubertal, adolescent population. Glycaemic index (GI) but not glycaemic load (GL) was shown to be associated significantly with anthropometric measures (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and adiposity (body fat percentage (BF%)) in this general group of post-pubertal adolescents from Bedfordshire. When adjusting for dietary intake, CRF was also associated with adiposity but PA was not. The prevalence of misreporting varied depending on the method used to assess the validity of dietary intakes; between 23% and 31% increasing to 62.1% (in overweight) of adolescents under reported energy intakes and up to 11.1% over reported. The novel application of a triaxial accelerometer to measure EE resulted in more under and over reporters being identified than when compared to the widely used Goldberg equation. Increased dietary GI was associated with increased odds of having a high WC; however, associations between GL and other risk factors were less clear; no associations with risk were observed. Excluding dietary misreporters from analysis had important implications for these associations. Only after removal of misreporters by EI:EE(RT3) was a borderline significant positive association between GL and blood glucose (BG) revealed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), that was not present in prior analyses. Increased GI (moderate vs low GI intake) was significantly associated with reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and increased triglyceride (TG) levels (borderline significant) after removal of misreporters. In addition, using different PA thresholds to assess PA intensity resulted in different relationships between PA subcomponents and metabolic risk factors. Regardless of the threshold used, evidence suggested that limiting sedentary (SED) behaviour and engaging in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) is beneficial for blood pressure (BP) in this adolescent population. Additionally, irrespective of the threshold utilised, higher levels of vigorous PA (VPA) were associated with reduced odds of having a high clustered risk score and the associations observed between CRF and risk factors were stronger than those observed with PA. Despite a lack of significant improvement in individual metabolic risk factors as a result of the low GI (LGI) dietary intervention, there was a significant reduction in clustered risk score for the LGI group at week 12. A borderline significant improvement in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was also observed as a result of the LGI intervention compared to those in the control group. Conversely, there appeared to be an unfavourable effect of the LGI diet on fasting insulin levels and thus the diet‟s impact on health overall is unclear. The small sample size of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) means that caution is required when interpreting the results. These data suggest that future research in this age group should target improvements in CRF and a lower dietary GI to reduce adiposity. Controlling for dietary misreporting appears to have a significant impact on associations of glycaemic CHO and cardiometabolic health and should be an important consideration of future research. The low GI intervention may be an effective approach for reducing glycaemic CHO, whilst maintaining a healthy macronutrient intake, in comparison to more restricted dietary regimens published in the literature. However, the impact of this regime needs to be confirmed utilising a larger sample of adolescents. This may provide a useful approach for future research aiming to assess the impact of reduced GI and GL.
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Weigand, Daniel A. (Daniel Arthur). "Perceived Parental Goal Projections and Parental Pressure on the Development of Children's and Adolescents' Goal Orientations in Sport." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278516/.
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The present investigation evaluated sport-related motivational climates by assessing personal and perceived parental goal orientations and perceived parental pressure in children and adolescents. Data were collected from 202 middle-class, racially diverse students, including 43 male and 50 female children aged 12 or below (M age = 10.6) and 51 male and 58 female adolescents aged 13 or above (M age = 14.7), who had participated in a variety of organized sports, and were enrolled in elementary, middle, and high schools of the Dallas (TX) Independent School District. Measures included personal and parental projected versions (mother's and father's) of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Sport Parental Pressure Scale (mother's and father's versions), and a background assessment.
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Van, der Westhuizen Sarel Francois. "Slow active suspension control for rollover prevention." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25432.
Full textAbstract:
Rollover prevention in Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV‟s) offers a great challenge in vehicle safety. By reducing the body roll angle of the vehicle the load transfer will increase and thus decrease the lateral force that can be generated by the tires. This decrease in the lateral force can cause the vehicle to slide rather than to roll over. This study presents the possibility of using slow active suspension control to reduce the body roll and thus reduce the rollover propensity of a vehicle fitted with a hydro-pneumatic suspension system. The slow active control is obtained by pumping oil into and draining oil out of each hydro-pneumatic suspension unit individually. A real gas model for the suspension units as well as for the accumulator that supplies the oil is incorporated in a validated full vehicle Adams model. This model is then used to simulate a double lane change manoeuvre performed by a SUV at 60 km/h and it is shown that a significant improvement in body roll can be obtained with relatively low energy requirements. The proposed control is successfully implemented on a Land Rover Defender test vehicle. A Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller is used to control on-off solenoid operated valves and the flow is adjusted using the lateral acceleration as a parameter. Experimental results confirm that a significant improvement in body roll is possible. AFRIKAANS : Omrolvoorkoming in Sportnutsvoertuie bied geweldige uitdagings in terme van voertuigveiligheid. Deur die rolhoek van die voertuig te verminder word die laterale lasoordrag verhoog en word die laterale krag wat die bande kan genereer minder. As die laterale krag genoeg verminder sal die voertuig eerder gly as omrol. Die studie ondersoek die moontlikheid om stadig-aktiewe suspensiebeheer op 'n voertuig met 'n hidropneumatiese suspensie te gebruik om bakrol te verminder en dus die omrolgeneigdheid van die voertuig te verlaag. Die beheer word toegepas deur olie in elke hidropneumaties suspensie-eenheid individueel in te pomp of te dreineer. 'n Werklike gas model word gebruik om die supensie-eenhede asook die akkumulator, wat die olie aan die suspensie voorsien, te modeleer. Hierdie modelle word in 'n gevalideerde volvoertuig ADAMS model geïnkorporeer en 'n dubbel laanverwisseling word gesimuleer teen 60 km/h. Die resultate toon dat 'n beduidende verbetering in die rolhoek moontlik is met relatiewe lae energievereistes. Die voorgestelde beheer is suksesvol op 'n Land Rover Defender geïmplimenteer en 'n Proportioneele-Differensiaal (PD) beheerder word gebruik om die aan-af solenoїde kleppe te beheer terwyl die vloei aangepas word na gelang van die laterale versnelling. Eksperimentele resultate bevestig dat 'n beduidende verbetering in bakrol moontlik is.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
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Foucault, Valérie. "Evaluation de l'aptitude physique d'une population active : le MST (mesure du seuil de tolérance à l'effort)." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3056.
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Lorente, Fabrice Olivier. "Consommation de substances et sport : un problème de santé publique : études épidémiologiques et psycho-sociales auprès des adolescents et des jeunes adultes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22046.
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Artaud, Christophe. "Impact des activités physiques et sportives sur la qualité de vie subjective de deux populations socio-culturellement opposées." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0190.
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Notre société fait le douloureux constat d’un mal-être adolescent qui se traduit de plus en plus par des comportements à risques ou des suicides. Partant de ce constat, il paraît important d’étudier l’impact que peut avoir la pratique sportive sur ce mal-être ou plus généralement sur la qualité de vie, à cet age charnière entre l’enfance et l’age adulte, en tenant compte de données subjectives et objectives comme le milieu social d’appartenance. L’étude porte donc sur deux populations scolaires, des deux sexes, de milieux sociaux opposés, très favorisé et défavorisé. La qualité de vie objective et subjective est étudiée pour chaque population, avec les mêmes tests, de la classe de la sixième à la troisième. En effet, le concept de qualité de vie permet de prendre en compte tous les aspects de la vie de ces adolescents. Il est plus large que celui de bien être, ou de santé. Il tient compte à la fois de leur satisfaction à l’égard des différents aspects de leur vie intérieure ou de leur vie relationnelle, etc… et de l’importance que revêt à leurs yeux ces mêmes aspects. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le sport a un impact très favorable sur la qualité de vie subjective des filles de milieux défavorisés, alors qu’à l’inverse les garçons de milieux sociaux élevés semblent être en souffrance car leur pratique en club ne leur permet d’assouvir ni leur soif de relations, ni leur souci d’assurer leur avenirTeenagers’ ill-being results in an increase of suicides and harmful behaviour. Therefore, it seems important to study the impact that practising a sport can have on this ill-being or more generally on the quality of life, at this pivotal stage between childhood and adulthood, taking into account subjective and objective data such as the social background. The study was underteken on two populations of children of school age, from both genders and from opposite social backgrounds : privileged and underprivileged. The objective and subjective quality of life is studied for each population, with the same tests applied to children in secondary schools, from 1st year to 4th year. The concept of quality of life is wider than the concept of well-being or personal health. It takes into account every aspect of the lives of these teenagers. It takes into consideration their relationships, etc. The results of this study show that sport has a very positive impact on the subjective quality of life for girls from an underprivileged social background, whereas boys from privileged social backgrounds seem to suffer, as practising sports in clubs does not enable them to quench their thirst for relationships nor to meet their concern to secure their future
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Wong, Yee-man Bonny, and 黃綺文. "Adolescents' physical activity: competition between perceived neighborhood sport facilities and home media resources." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085696.
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Kristén, Lars. "Possibilities offered by interventional sports programmes to children and adolescents with physical disabilities : an explorative and evaluative study /." Luleå : Centrum för forskning i lärande, Luleå tekniska univ. [distributör], 2003. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2003/23/index.html.
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Pelletier, Christine. "Le sens attribué par des adolescents à leur expérience dans le cadre d'activités sports-études et arts-études." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2005.
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Thèse (M. A.) - Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2005.Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en éducation. Comprend un résumé. Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 juin 2006). CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 89-92. Parait aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
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Binsinger, Caroline Laure Patrick. "Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les pré-adolescents. Estime de soi, anxiété et activité physique et sportive." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2006. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000519.pdf.
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