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Journal articles on the topic 'Adrenal incidentaloma'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Minnaar, E. M., K. E. Human, D. Henneman, C. Y. Nio, P. H. Bisschop, and E. J. M. Nieveen van Dijkum. "An Adrenal Incidentaloma: How Often Is It Detected and What Are the Consequences?" ISRN Radiology 2013 (November 28, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/871959.

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Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the detection rate of adrenal incidentalomas and subsequent workup. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Methods. Two investigators evaluated the adrenals on abdominal CT scans. Abnormalities were compared to the original radiology reports and an experienced abdominal radiologist reviewed the CT scans. All additional imaging and laboratory tests were assessed. Results. The investigators detected 44/356 adrenal incidentalomas (12%). In 25 patients an adrenal incidentaloma had been noted in the radiology report. The expert radiologist agreed on

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Bajcetić, Danica, Slobodan Tanasković, Vuk Sotirović, et al. "Diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with adrenal incidentaloma." Medicinska istrazivanja 49, no. 3 (2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medist1501047b.

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Routine and frequent use of computerized tomography (CT) angiography in vascular disease detection has led to frequent suprarenal gland abnormal findings that could, if undiagnosed, significantly complicate the course of the future treatment. The term adrenal incidentaloma refers to adrenal lesion discovered serendipitously during an imaging investigation. Adrenal incidentalomas do not constitute a single pathological entity. Major concerns are risks of malignancy and autonomous hormone secretion. The majority of all adrenal incidentalomas (approximately 79%) are nonfunctioning benign lesions.

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Ivovic, Miomira, Svetlana Vujovic, Zorana Penezic, Milos Zarkovic, and Milka Drezgic. "Insulin sensitivity in patients with adrenal incidentaloma." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, no. 7-8 (2006): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0608315i.

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Introduction. Frequent use of modern imaging methods (such as ultrasound, CT and MRI) results in high incidence of accidentally discovered adrenal mass. Adrenal incidentalomas are accidentally discovered adrenal tumors by imaging methods without any prior suspicion of adrenal disease. Some studies have shown decreased insulin sensitivity in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Objective. The objective of our study was to assess the insulin sensitivity in patients with adrenal incidentalom a. Method. A total of 22 patients with accidentally discovered adrenal mass confirmed by CT/MRI were evalu

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Stojković, Mirjana, Jasmina Ćirić, Biljana Beleslin, et al. "Adrenal incidentalomas: Effect of size on cortisol secretion and clinical features." Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma 26, no. 81 (2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medgla2181007s.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adrenal incidentaloma size, cortisol secretion suppressibility by Dexamethasone and relevant clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with adrenal incidentaloma and admitted to the single department of the Clinic of endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism during the period from 2012 till the end of 2019. The inclusion criterion was the presence of an asymptomatic adrenal mass on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. The study group include

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5

Orrego M., Arturo. "Incidentalomas adrenales. Unas sorpresas inesperadas." Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo 4, no. 1 (2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53853/encr.4.1.103.

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Es de esperar que la incidencia de los incidentalomas aumente más debido a una mayor resolución de la TAC y a su uso indiscriminado ante la presencia de síntomas inespecíficos. Los autores recomiendan la utilización de métodos imaginológicos con posibilidades de definir el potencial de malignidad en los incidentalomas adrenales. La tomografía axial computarizada sin medio de contraste para el estudio del coeficiente de atenuación del incidentaloma adrenal es el método más aconsejado para diferenciar entre adenomas benignos o malignos, la hiperplasia, las lesiones quísticas, y los tumores malig

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6

Singh, P. K., and H. N. Buch. "Adrenal incidentaloma: evaluation and management." Journal of Clinical Pathology 61, no. 11 (2008): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2006.044313.

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Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses discovered incidental to imaging studies performed for reasons unrelated to adrenal pathology. Although most adrenal incidentalomas are non-functioning benign adenomas, their increasing prevalence presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The assessment of adrenal incidentalomas is aimed at deciding whether or not the tumour should be surgically removed. Adrenalectomy is indicated for phaeochromocytoma, other symptomatic hormone-secreting tumours and those with a high risk of malignancy. Biochemical screening for tumour hypersecretion is mandator

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7

Lavingia, Kedar, Ramyar Torabi, Samuel W. Kim, Marybeth S. Hughes, Eric C. Feliberti, and Roger R. Perry. "A Rare Adrenal Incidentaloma That Mimics Adrenocortical Carcinoma." Case Reports in Surgery 2018 (June 7, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9607972.

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Objective. We present a case of an adrenal hemangioma, an uncommon cause of an adrenal mass, and review the clinical presentation, work-up, and management of adrenal incidentalomas. Background. A 64-year-old male was found to have a right adrenal incidentaloma during work-up for elevated liver transaminase levels, later found to be from hepatitis C. The mass was suspicious for adrenocortical carcinoma on CT imaging. Biochemical evaluation revealed no evidence of function. He underwent an open right adrenalectomy. The mass was found to be an adrenal hemangioma on histopathologic analysis. Metho

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8

Linos, Dimitrios. "Adrenal Incidentaloma (Adrenaloma)." HORMONES 2, no. 1 (2003): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1178.

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9

Rybakov, S. I. "Adrenal incidentaloma: what is it? Review 1." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 17, no. 2 (2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.2.2021.230571.

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A review of the literature and the author’s own reflections are devoted to the issues of detecting various forms of pathology, which, being often benign, could exist for a long time, if not all life. The author proposes a definition of the term. Adrenal incidentaloma is a combined working category (group) that includes various forms of adrenal pathology, mainly neoplastic, benign or malignant, with or without signs of hormonal activity, as well as formations of inflammatory, infectious, parasitic origin, the consequences of trauma, developmental abnormalities that are found accidentally when e

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10

Fassnacht, Martin, Wiebke Arlt, Irina Bancos, et al. "Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (2016): G1—G34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-0467.

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By definition, an adrenal incidentaloma is an asymptomatic adrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas, but may also represent conditions requiring therapeutic intervention (e.g. adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma or metastasis). The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with best possible evidence-based recommendations for clinical management of patients with adrenal incidentalomas based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Asse

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Grineva, E. N., L. V. Belousova, and I. V. Basek. "ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 19, no. 6 (2013): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2013-19-6-532-537.

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Adrenal incidentaloma is an unsuspected and asymptomatic mass, usually detected by an imaging study performed for other purposes. The widespread use of diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging has resulted in the frequent incidental discovery of asymptomatic adrenal mass. Adrenal incidentalomas represent a public health challenge because they are increasingly recognized in current medical practice. The majority of adrenal incidentalomas are benign, but careful evaluation of all patients is warranted to be certain that malignant tumours and functional adenomas are

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12

Adapa, Sreedhar, Srikanth Naramala, Vijay Gayam, et al. "Adrenal Incidentaloma: Challenges in Diagnosing Adrenal Myelolipoma." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 232470961987031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709619870311.

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Adrenal myelolipomas (AMLs) are rare benign adrenal tumors, containing adipose and hematopoietic tissue, a result of reticuloendothelial cell metaplasia. Incidence on autopsy has been reported from 0.08% to 0.4%. AMLs are generally considered nonsecretory. The functional aspect of adrenal incidentaloma should be evaluated. In this article, we report a case of a 40-year-old male, who presented with uncontrolled hypertension and renal failure, with imaging revealing an adrenal incidentaloma. He was started on dialysis for acute fluid overload, and workup for pheochromocytoma revealed an elevated

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13

Taya, Michio, Viktoriya Paroder, Linda Haramati, and Eran Bellin. "2048." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.55.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To compare methods of ascertaining prevalence for adrenal incidentalomas METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Retrospective electronic medical record study using Looking Glass Clinical Analytics (Streamline Health, Atlanta, GA, USA) at an urban university medical center. All patients with CT or MR imaging of the abdomen between 1997 and 2014 were identified. Patients with a documented diagnosis (ICD-9 code or problem list) for any history of adrenal disease were excluded. The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas was ascertained by 2 different detection strategies: (1) documented

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14

Bülow, Birgitta, Svante Jansson, Claes Juhlin, et al. "Adrenal incidentaloma – follow-up results from a Swedish prospective study." European Journal of Endocrinology 154, no. 3 (2006): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02110.

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Objectives: To examine the risk of developing adrenal carcinomas and clinically overt hypersecreting tumours during short-term follow-up in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Design: 229 (98 males and 131 females) patients with adrenal incidentalomas were investigated in a prospective follow-up study (median time 25 months; range 3–108 months). The patients were registered between January 1996 and July 2001 and followed until December 2004. Twenty-seven Swedish hospitals contributed with follow-up results. Methods: Diagnostic procedures were undertaken according to a protocol including rein

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15

Hanna, Fahmy W. F., Basil G. Issa, Simon C. Lea, et al. "Adrenal lesions found incidentally: how to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 1 (2020): e000572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000572.

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IntroductionAdrenal incidentalomas are lesions that are incidentally identified while scanning for other conditions. While most are benign and hormonally non-functional, around 20% are malignant and/or hormonally active, requiring prompt intervention. Malignant lesions can be aggressive and life-threatening, while hormonally active tumours cause various endocrine disorders, with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite this, management of patients with adrenal incidentalomas is variable, with no robust evidence base. This project aimed to establish more effective and timely management of t

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Zelinka, Tomáš. "Adrenal incidentaloma." Vnitřní lékařství 68, no. 3 (2022): E22—E25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2022.043.

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17

Farrugia, F. A., G. Martikos, C. Surgeon, et al. "Radiology of the adrenal incidentalomas. Review of the literature." Endocrine Regulations 51, no. 1 (2017): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/enr-2017-0005.

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Abstract The term “adrenal incidentaloma” is a radiological term. Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal tumors discovered in an imaging study that has been obtained for indications exclusive to adrenal conditions (Udelsman 2001; Linos 2003; Bulow et al. 2006; Anagnostis et al. 2009). This definition excludes patients undergoing imaging testing as part of staging and work-up for cancer (Grumbach et al. 2003; Anagnostis et al. 2009). Papierska et al. (2013) have added the prerequisite that the size of a tumor must be “greater than 1cm in diameter”, in order to be called incidentaloma. Although in t

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18

Arnaldi, G., A. M. Masini, G. Giacchetti, A. Taccaliti, E. Faloia, and F. Mantero. "Adrenal incidentaloma." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33, no. 10 (2000): 1177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2000001000007.

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19

Kebebew, Electron. "Adrenal Incidentaloma." New England Journal of Medicine 384, no. 16 (2021): 1542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp2031112.

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20

Román González, Alejandro, Maria del Pilar Universidad de Antioquia Londoño, James Diaz, Carlos Alfonso Builes Barrera, and Johnayro Gutiérrez. "Incidentaloma adrenal." Acta Médica Colombiana 40, no. 4 (2015): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36104/amc.2015.565.

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Con el uso creciente de las tecnologías en imágenes diagnósticas, se han descubierto lesiones adrenales en pacientes sin sospecha o manifestaciones clínicas de una enfermedad originada en las glándulas suprarrenales, hallazgo conocido como incidentaloma suprarrenal. Estas lesiones pueden ser benignas como los mielolipomas, infecciones por hongos y micobacterias o lesiones infrecuentes como los schwanomas. También se pueden encontrar adenomas, los cuales pueden ser productores de hormonas o no productores. Finalmente, se pueden encontrar lesiones malignas, como carcinomas adrenales. Ante la pre

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21

SAKAMOTO, Eiji, Yutaka OHMURA, Daizo OHASHI, et al. "ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA." Journal of the Japanese Practical Surgeon Society 51, no. 2 (1990): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3919/ringe1963.51.389.

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22

Thompson, Geoffrey B., and William F. Young. "Adrenal incidentaloma." Current Opinion in Oncology 15, no. 1 (2003): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-200301000-00013.

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23

Kudva, Yogish C., William F. Young, Geoffrey B. Thompson, Clive S. Grant, and Jon A. van Heerden. "Adrenal Incidentaloma." Endocrinologist 9, no. 2 (1999): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-199903000-00002.

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24

SARUTA, Takao, Hiromichi SUZUKI, and Hirotaka SHIBATA. "Adrenal Incidentaloma." Folia Endocrinologica Japonica 69, no. 5 (1993): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrine1927.69.5_509.

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25

Sherlock, Mark, Andrew Scarsbrook, Afroze Abbas, et al. "Adrenal Incidentaloma." Endocrine Reviews 41, no. 6 (2020): 775–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa008.

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Abstract An adrenal incidentaloma is now established as a common endocrine diagnosis that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. The majority of patients can be reassured and discharged, but a personalized approach based upon image analysis, endocrine workup, and clinical symptoms and signs are required in every case. Adrenocortical carcinoma remains a real concern but is restricted to &lt;2% of all cases. Functional adrenal incidentaloma lesions are commoner (but still probably &lt;10% of total) and the greatest challenge remains the diagnosis and optimum mana

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Zarco-González, J. A., and M. F. Herrera. "Adrenal Incidentaloma." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 93, no. 4 (2004): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145749690409300408.

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Annamalai, Anand K., and Mark Gurnell. "Adrenal incidentaloma." Medicine 41, no. 9 (2013): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.06.004.

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28

McLeod, M. K. "Adrenal incidentaloma." European Surgery 25, no. 4 (1993): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02602104.

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Gajraj, H., and A. E. Young. "Adrenal incidentaloma." British Journal of Surgery 80, no. 4 (1993): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800800405.

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Arnaldi, Giorgio, and Marco Boscaro. "Adrenal incidentaloma." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 26, no. 4 (2012): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2011.12.006.

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Aynaou, Hayat, Houda Salhi, and Hanan El Ouahabi. "Adrenal incidentaloma." Cahiers Santé Médecine Thérapeutique 31, no. 3-4 (2022): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/sanmt.2023.125.

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32

Llavero Valero, M., J. Gargallo Vaamonde, and G. Gutiérrez Buey. "Incidentaloma adrenal." Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 13, no. 92 (2023): 5443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.med.2023.12.002.

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33

Nordin, Noor Fareha binti. "ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA." Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 39, S1 (2024): 12. https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.039.s1.012.

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INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is found while imaging for a different purpose when there are no overt signs of adrenal illness. A thorough history and examination of a patient with adrenal insufficiency may provide more hints to help diagnose and narrow the differentials. CASEThe first patient is a 25-year-old male with hypertension and chronic diarrhoea. Blood investigation showed deranged liver function. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a heterogenous hyperechoic mass at the right suprarenal region measuring 6.9 x 5.8 x 7.5 cm (APxWxCC) which is compressing the adjacent

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Ferreira, Eleci V., Mauro A. Czepielewski, Carlos Sasso Faccin, Melissa Coral Accordi, and Álvaro Porto Alegre Furtado. "Prevalência de lesão adrenal incidental em pacientes submetidos a tomografia computadorizada de tórax e abdome em um hospital geral brasileiro." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 49, no. 5 (2005): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302005000500017.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Determinar prospectivamente a prevalência de lesão adrenal incidental a tomografia computadorizada (TC) em um hospital geral universitário brasileiro. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, avaliando pacientes consecutivos sem doença adrenal conhecida, submetidos a TC de tórax e abdome no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, em um período de 10 meses. Incidentalomas adrenais foram definidos pela presença de alteração no contorno, tamanho ou densidade da glândula. Valores de kappa foram calculados, avaliando a concordância intra e inter-observador. RESULTADOS: Identif

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Mintegui, Gabriela, Fernanda Sánchez, and Andrea Cristiani. "Pheochromocytoma: A Great Simulator. Small Series of A Single Institution." Frontiers in Medical Case Reports 04, no. 01 (2023): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47746/fmcr.2023.4103.

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Background: pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumor, with usual origin in the adrenal medulla. They are mostly diagnosed as adrenal incidentalomas in abdominal tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or by related symptoms, as the classic triad including headaches, profuse sweating, and palpitations. Although it is a rare cause of secondary hypertension, this occurs in a great proportion of patients and it is usually sustained and paroxysmal. The biochemical diagnosis requires the dosage of plasmatic and/or urinary metanephrines and once confirmed, an ima

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Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Asterios Karagiannis, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Anna Kakafika, Vasilios Athyros, and Dimitri Mikhailidis. "Adrenal incidentaloma: a diagnostic challenge." HORMONES 8, no. 3 (2009): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1233.

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Muangnoo, Natwara, Worapaka Manosroi, Napitch Leelathanapipat, Tanaporn Meejun, Pattanan Chowchaiyaporn, and Pasinee Teetipsatit. "Predictive Factors of Functioning Adrenal Incidentaloma: A 15-Year Retrospective Study." Medicina 58, no. 5 (2022): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050597.

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Background and Objectives: Adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass that is found incidentally in abdominal imaging studies. It is important to categorize whether the mass is a functioning or non-functioning incidentaloma to determine the appropriate management and follow-up. Our study aimed to identify predictive factors for functioning adrenal incidentaloma that could assist in early detection and in determining which patients may require hormonal investigations. Materials and methods: This 15-year retrospective study was performed in a tertiary care medical center. A total of 244 patients w

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Ibraheem Hamad, Mohammad Khair Ahmad, Ahmed Osman Saleh, and Emad Naem. "Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas, Uncommon Presentation and Very Rare Pathology." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.239.

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Abstract Background: Adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass larger than 1cm accidentally discovered by radiological examination. The incidentalomas should be evaluated for malignancy and functionality. The prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma is 4–10%,1 and around 10–15% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses can be bilateral.2 We present a patient with bilateral adrenal masses due to primary adrenal lymphoma. Clinical Case: 74-year-old gentleman, with past medical history of type-2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, presented to our hospital with 2 months history of right-sided flank pain,

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Olsen, Henrik, Albin Kjellbom, Magnus Löndahl, and Ola Lindgren. "High prevalence of smoking in patients with adrenal incidentalomas: causality or case selection?" European Journal of Endocrinology 183, no. 3 (2020): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0033.

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Objective: Autonomous cortisol secretion and possible autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS/pACS) are associated to an increase of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. To our knowledge, the prevalence of smoking, another well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has not been studied in detail in people with ACS/pACS or adrenal incidentalomas. Methods: Patients with adrenal incidentalomas were examined with the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (cortisolONDST). Information about current smoking was collected from the pati

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Dumitrascu, Mihai Cristian, Alice Elena Ghenea, Mihaela Popescu, et al. "Pediatric adrenal incidentaloma." Romanian Journal of Pediatrics 70, no. 4 (2021): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjp.2021.4.4.

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The term of “incidentaloma” involves multiple disciplines of the medicine, especially on the era of modern medicine with massive progress of investigations tools that increased the epidemiological implications of this entity. “Endocrine incidentaloma” represents a term mostly used for adrenals and pituitary glands (and less used for thyroid where it is replaced by the term of “thyroid nodule”). Adult adrenal incidentaloma (AAI) is expected to be found up to 5-20% of population depending on age group, co-morbidities, radiological/imaging method (the incidence increases with age), and not in chi

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Buryakina, Svetlana A., Natalia V. Tarbaeva, Natalia N. Volevodz, et al. "Adrenal incidentaloma. Part 2. Modern concepts of computed tomography semiotics of adrenal gland incidentalomas: algorithm of differential diagnosis." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 93, no. 11 (2021): 1381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.11.201169.

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While accidentally detecting an adrenal gland lesion (incidentaloma) during a routine computed tomography (CT) scan, the radiologist should correctly interpret revealed changes. The most common lesion is adenoma with high lipid content, but a lipid poor adenoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical cancer, metastasis and other less common adrenal diseases are also worth of attention and require detailed knowledge of their CT semiotics. The article presents criteria of differential diagnosis of the adrenal incidentalomas on the basis of which an algorithm of differential diagnosis was proposed for

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Kloos, Richard T., Brahm Shapiro, and Milton D. Gross. "The adrenal incidentaloma." Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes 2, no. 3 (1995): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199506000-00005.

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43

Graham, Debra J., and Christopher R. McHenry. "The Adrenal Incidentaloma." Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America 7, no. 4 (1998): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-3207(18)30243-6.

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McRae, Joyce J. L. H., Andrei Radulescu, and Faraz A. Khan. "Pediatric adrenal incidentaloma." Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 60 (September 2020): 101573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101573.

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LIGHTNER, ELMER S. "The Adrenal Incidentaloma." American Journal of Diseases of Children 147, no. 12 (1993): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1993.02160360016002.

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Reimondo, Giuseppe, Elena Castellano, Maurizio Grosso, et al. "Adrenal Incidentalomas are Tied to Increased Risk of Diabetes: Findings from a Prospective Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 4 (2020): e973-e981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz284.

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Abstract Context The frequency of adrenal incidentalomas and their association with comorbid conditions have been assessed mostly in retrospective studies that may be prone to ascertainment bias. Objective The objective of this work is to evaluate the frequency of adrenal incidentalomas and their associated comorbid conditions. Design A prospective cohort study was conducted. Setting This study took place at a radiology department at a public hospital. Participants Unselected outpatients who underwent an abdominal computed tomography (CT) from January 2017 to June 2018. Patients with known or

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Said, Surita, Rohaizak Muhammad, Hairol A. Othman, Suraya Othman, Nor FA Rashid, and Reena RM Zin. "Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma." World Journal of Endocrine Surgery 9, no. 3 (2017): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1223.

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ABSTRACT Benign tumor of the myelin sheath or schwannoma is not uncommon, especially when it involves the peripheral or cranial nerves. But adrenal schwannoma is very rare and commonly presented as an incidentaloma. Adrenal incidentaloma by itself is not uncommon as more imaging is now being performed and its incidence is estimated to be around 4 to 6%. Clinical and imaging studies are not able to differentiate adrenal schwannoma from other causes of incidentaloma, making its diagnosis difficult preoperatively. We report a 64-year-old man who underwent computed tomography (CT) abdomen as part

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Carlson, Anders L., Annis M. Marney, Scott R. Anderson, and Matthew P. Gilbert. "Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas: A Case Report and Review of Diagnostic Challenges." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/953052.

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Incidentally discovered adrenal masses (incidentalomas) are common and present challenges both in diagnosis and management. When incidentally discovered adrenal masses are bilateral, a refined diagnostic approach is warranted since bilateral disease is more likely to be pathologic. We review a case of a 34-year-old man with incidentally discovered bilateral adrenal nodules. A comprehensive diagnostic strategy led to the diagnosis of bilateral pheochromocytoma caused by von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. He was successfully treated with bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy and has recovered well. Whil

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Tarantino, Roberta Magalhães, Adriano Machado de Lacerda, Silvio Henriques da Cunha Neto, Alice Helena Dutra Violante, and Mário Vaisman. "Adrenal ganglioneuroma." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 56, no. 4 (2012): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302012000400009.

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Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are unsuspected adrenal masses discovered during investigation of unrelated diseases, and are increasing in frequency. The majority of the AI is non-secretory adenomas, although it can also represent primary or metastatic malignant neoplasia. However, less frequent diseases should not be forgotten in the differential diagnosis. We describe a case of a young woman with an adrenal mass without clinical or laboratorial signs of hormonal hyperfunction. Diagnosis was performed after an episode of acute pyelonephritis in which the imaging study was carried out in order to

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Kannan, Subramanian, Ankita Satra, and Amir Hamrahian. "Incidental Lipid Poor Adrenal Mass in a Patient with Antiphospholipid Syndrome." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/379852.

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Adrenal incidentalomas are commonly encountered in this era of ubiquitous imaging. The attenuation of the incidentaloma measured in Hounsfield units (HU) is an important step in the work up. Attenuation less than 10 HU indicates a benign lesion in more than 98% of cases, whereas attenuation greater than 30 HU is highly suspicious for adrenocortical cancer (ACC). Adrenal hematoma is rarely suspected clinically and exhibits no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory findings. There are multiple radiological features of adrenal hemorrhage and can mimic ACC. We present a case of an adrenal mass i

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