Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adsorption du bleu de méthylène'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 28 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Adsorption du bleu de méthylène.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Reffas, Abdelbaki. "Etude de l'adsorption de colorants organiques (Rouge Nylosan et Bleu de Méthylène) sur des charbons actifs préparés à partir du marc de café." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS041.
Full textActivated carbons were prepared by phosphoric acid activation from Arabica coffee grounds at different impregnation ratios (defined as the ratios of weight (g) of H3PO4 to the weight (g) of precursor) : 30, 60, 120 and 180 % by heating to 450 °C in air. The adsorption properties of the Prepared Activated Carbons (PACs) have been compared to a commercial activated carbon (CAC) (obtained by steam activation) and related to their preparation methods, porous structure and surface chemistry. The PACs and CAC were characterized for their surface chemistry by thermogravimetric analysis, Infra-Red spectroscopy, pH measurement of the point of zero charge (pHpzc), surface functional groups semi-quantitative titrations ("Boehm" method) and X-ray microanalysis; and for their porous structure and morphology by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and methylene blue adsorption. The PACs and CAC were compared for their adsorption of "Nylosan Red N-2RBL" (Clariant) which is an anionic (azo) dye used in Nylon (polyamide 6 and polyamide 6. 6) dyeing
Nonviho, Guévara. "Valorisation chimique de la biomasse oléagineuse d’origine béninoise : Lophira lanceolata et Carapa procera." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0052/document.
Full textThe chemical composition of wild oilseeds, such as Lophira lanceolata (Ll) and Carapa procera (Cp) of Benin is mostly unknown. Yet they undergo crafted transformations for food, cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. This study aims to characterize their seeds, hulls and woods. From these crops, different oils have been extracted. One of them has been produced in rural area according to aqueous ancestral method. On the whole, oils of Ll have presented an interesting nutritional profile. They are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (> 50% m/m: mass for mass), especially that extracted by artisanal process. Beyond its good chemical properties, it provides essential fatty acids, phytosterols such as lupeol and more tocols compounds. Roasting and the use of enzymes have also assessed the impact of these methods on the chemical composition of LI seeds. Differently, Cp oil’s has an abundant presence of MUFA, tocotrienols (85.56% w/w) and the richest composition in lanosterol (28.03%, m/m). The seeds cakes, hulls and wood of both species showed various distributions on chemical components (extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin). The characterization of hemicelluloses from different parts of plants has shown that they are essentially glucuronoxylans type. Extractives also offered a wide range of compounds mostly appreciated for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. The chemical composition of the shells of Lophira was rich in organic compounds such as lignin (32.13%, dry weight) so their biosorbent capacity was evaluated. They showed methylene blue good adsorption capacity in aqueous solution, which highlighted their potential use in the purification of wastewater
Valencia, Cabezas Fabian Alonso. "Caractérisation des particules fines d'un matériau granulaire de fondation par l'essai au bleu de méthylène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25125/25125.pdf.
Full textValencia, Fabian. "Caractérisation des particules fines d'un matériau granulaire de fondation par l'essai au bleu de méthylène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19783.
Full textKowouvi, Koffi. "Mises en forme pharmaceutiques du bleu de méthylène pour le traitement du paludisme : nanoformulations nucléolipidiques et formes orales adaptées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0346.
Full textTo respond to the emerging resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisin derivatives, many strategies are currently under discussion. Among them, adding another antimalarial drug to the existing bi-therapies has been proposed. Among the possible third drugs, Methylene Blue (MB) is a good candidate as it present many advantages: early access to a pure active ingredient responding to pharmacopeia grade, a low manufacturing cost, and a proven efficacy against asexual stages of multiresistant malaria strains associated with a strong anti-gametocidal activity responsible for transmission. Many clinical trials demonstrated MB efficacy in malaria treatment, however no galenic research was done to improve its bioavailability and antimalarial activity, reduce side effects and improve patient adherence to treatment. Our research concentrated on two complementary directions: In order to improve MB bioavailability in solution, we encapsulated it with nucleolipids (diC16dT and DOTAU), and tested its antimalarial efficacy in vitro. This nanoformulation partially protected MB against reduction and light degradation, without alteration of its antimalarial efficacy against two P. falciparum strains (chloroquinosensitive and multiresistant). To propose access to an optimized oral form, gastro-resistant tablets were developed. Use of a humid granulation process allowed to obtain a granule highly dosed in MB, easier to handle, with better physico-chemical characteristics. We obtained homogeneous tablets with variable options in drug dosage. A gastro-resistant coating was added, with the aim to eliminate the vomiting side effect and improve compliance. Complementary evaluation of the proposed formulations (nanonucleolipids and gastro-resistant tablets) will be conducted to confirm their interest and evaluate their industrial feasibility under Good Manufacturing Practices. A clinical evaluation of the tablets is currently considered by an international MB – malaria consortium newly created
Audet, Jean-Nicolas. "Le bleu de méthylène comme traitement potentiel de sclérose latérale amyotrophique : étude de modèles murins surexprimant la superoxyde dismutase ou la TDP-43." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28925/28925.pdf.
Full textHeidari, Raheleh. "Modèle drosophile inductibles de pathologies à expansion de polyglutamine : applications au criblage génétique et pharmacologique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077082.
Full textPolyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases are a class of nine hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, including Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and Huntington's disease (HD), which are primarily caused by expansion of CAG repeats in coding region of their corresponding genes. Despite vigorous research on PolyQ, no efficient therapy is currently available for affected patients. In this thesis, we designed new Drosophila models of SCA3 and HD to identify new mechanisms involved in these diseases and used them in drug screening assays. As heart failure is a prominent cause of death in HD, we designed new heart models by overexpressing expanded (mHtt) or non expanded forms of Nter Huntingtin (Htt) fragments. Characterization of these models revealed significant cardiac hypertrophy that mimics the human HL phenotype. Using inducible systems we could identify critical stages for mHtt induced heart impairments. In addition we showed that treatment of flues with Methylene blue improves mHtt induced heart hypertrophy and cardiac function. We also characterized, in HD and SCA3 Drosophila inducible models within CNS, impairments of several physiological and behavioral parameters including average life span, circadian activity and rhythmicity, and sleep cycles. Characterization of these models allowed us to screen a number of genetic modifiers and a medium sized library of compounds. A proteomics study on a glial specific RD model was also performed. We discuss the new putative therapeutic targets identified by these three complementary approaches
Méallet-Renault, Rachel. "Caractérisation de billes de latex fluorescentes pour l'élaboration de nanocapteurs." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371478.
Full textZheng, Feng. "Le choc anaphylactique : de la physiopathologie à la thérapeutique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0063/document.
Full textThe aim of our work was to study new aspects of the pathophysiology and treatment of anaphylactic shock in the Brown Norway rat. The first part of this thesis focuses on the systemic and regional pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock which is accompanied by a rapid decrease in cardiac output, a sudden alteration of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and a respiratory dysfunction involving swelling of the airways and bronchospasm. The second part of our work focuses on the therapeutic management of anaphylactic shock. Epinephrine was found to be superior to vasopressin, to inhibit bronchospasm and decrease microvascular permeability, allowing a better preservation of the cerebral oxygenation, in particular in the region of the hippocampus. Furthermore, it provided also an alleviation of bronchospasm and of bronchial hyperperméabilté in the early phase of anaphylactic shock. We also compared the effects of three types of fluid therapy administered in combination with adrenaline during anaphylactic shock, demonstrating the superiority of the administration of a macromolecular solution such as HES compared to hypertonic saline fluids. Finally we were able to highlight the usefulness of the administration of methylene blue (3mg/kg) demonstrating the existence of a synergistic effect with adrenaline during anaphylactic shock
Jimenez, Romero Alex Manuel. "Nanoparticules à base d'oxyde de titane pour la photocatalyse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868611.
Full textGhazaly, Christelle. "Développement d’un capteur spectrophotométrique pour la mesure en temps réel des expositions professionnelles à l’ozone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0207.
Full textOzone causes headaches, eye burns and lung damage and serious respiratory diseases such as asthma. Ozone is emitted into the atmosphere of workplaces in various sectors, including printing, water treatment, arc welding, and plastics processing. Exposure of workers to concentrations exceeding national and european ozone occupational exposure limit values (OELs), set at 100 ppbv over 8 hours and 200 ppbv over 15 minutes, may cause severe health alterations. Currently, the determination of ozone concentrations is carried out by using colorimetric tubes, providing spot measurements, or by using commercial sensors. Some studies were carried out on electrochemical cells or semiconductors based sensors and more rarely on optical sensors. The detection limit of these sensors is compatible with ozone OELs, but they are fragile and not selective. There is currently no reliable and robust reference method for the assessment of occupational exposures to ozone. The objective of this study is the development of a real-time ozone measurement method, which is characterized by a stable signal under air, high sensitivity, and selectivity. This measurement system must also make it possible to identify the most exposed phases for employees. We chose visible spectroscopy as a simple, fast and accurate detection system. We have successfully developed the sensitive material, based on an inexpensive dye, methylene blue, adsorbed on a thin film of mesoporous silica deposited on a glass plate by dip-coating. This material is stable for more than 50 days stored under ambient air. The system also includes a Nafion® tube; used to stabilize the relative humidity of the air. The measured sensor signal is the absorbance decrease at 600 nm. This reduction results from the oxidation of the dye in the presence of ozone and is irreversible under air. The developed sensor is characterized by sensitivity to low ozone concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 ppbv, reproducible response kinetics and no direct interference in the presence of 500 ppbv of nitrogen dioxide. The temperature dependence of the sensor response is described. The performance of the detection during exposure scenarios for short times and variable concentrations is described. The developed system could be a good candidate for real-time monitoring of occupational ozone exposures. This step will require miniaturization of the test bench components to use the sensor developed in the workplace
Laurent, Thomas. "Imperméabilisation, traitement antiseptique et teinture d'une prothèse vasculaire fonctionnalisée par la cyclodextrine." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10157/document.
Full textPost operative infections occur in 1 to 6% of patients implanted with a vascular prosthesis. To solve this problem, we functionalised the polyester prostheses by a method developed in our laboratory. This method can be used to coat the fibre by a cyclodexrin polymer, which allows the complexation of drugs like antiseptics. DSC, SEM and TGA results showed that cyclodextrin polymer was physically fixed onto the prosthesis and that no properties of the prosthesis were modified. Degradation tests revealed that cyclodextrin coating was eliminated after about 10 weeks in human blood plasma and that degradation products were non-toxic. Finally, in vivo histopathological tests and in vitro hemocompatibility tests confirmed that this new prosthesis was perfectly biocompatible. This coating allows us to impregnate methylen-blue known in the medical field to have antiseptic properties. Bacteriological in vitro tests have shown a prolonged efficiency of the functionalised prosthesis against gram(+) and gram(-) bacteria compared to the virgin prosthesis. Moreover, this dye allows to solve the problem met in coelioscopie surgery avoiding the interference phenomena by reducing white light reflection onto the prosthesis wall. The operating conditions can subsequently be improved. A second component of our work was to blood proof the prosthesis by replacing the still widely used hydrogels of animal origin by synthetic polymers. These investigations have allowed us to fulfil the specifications requires by elaborating the best compromise between flexibility and blood proofing of the synthetic graft. Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility results also ensure a higher safety against cells and blood of the functionalised prosthesis compared to the collagen-treated prosthesis used as the control. ln conclusion, our work has allowed us to develop a vascular prosthesis, which provides three additional qualities an therefore three advantages with respect to the currently used products, i.e. an antiseptic activity, improved surgical conditions, and a total reduction of risks induced by pathogenic agents (viruses, prions...) from products of animal origin
Tian, Roger Bi Diangoné. "Sources environnementales de Mycobacterium ulcerans en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5040.
Full textBuruli ulcer is the third mycobacteriosis in the world after tuberculosis, leprosy. Buruli ulcer is widespread in at least 33 countries including West Africa which has the highest prevalence. Among the countries in which Buruli ulcer is reported, Ivory Coast which we come from has the highest incidence of 36% reported in the World Health Organization. Buruli ulcer is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium whose reservoir and source of transmission to humans, are not understood. Our review of the literature focused on environmental sources of this mycobacterium in West Africa, which converge stagnant aquatic environment. On this basis, we conducted an extensive campaign of environmental sampling in Ivory Coast and detected by real-time PCR M. ulcerans in stagnant water, soil and feces of an herbivorous mammal Thryonomys swinderianus. Then we experimentally proved that M. ulcerans could survive in the soil for at least four months. These results suggest that, in Ivory Coast, stagnant water, soil and animal could play a role in the life cycle of the bacterium. In the second work, we have upgraded aquatic tropical plants by the use of extracts in the culture medium of M. ulcerans, slow growing mycobacteria to accelerate its growth. In the third work, we proposed the methylene blue, less expensive, easy to access as an alternative treatment for Buruli ulcer. It is appropriate to resume the experiment on methylene blue by other teams of researchers and after reproducing our experimental data, suggest the topical use of purified, non-toxic methylene blue in human clinical
Fabre, Jean-François. "Etude in vitro et in silico de l'extraction, modification chimique et assemblage de phospholipides pour la construction de nouvelles vésicules végétales : exemple de la caméline." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0066.
Full textWithin the framework of several research projects involving academic and industrial partners as local and national technical centers (CLE Region n°1405050981 : SMON-FERT, Carnot network 3BCAR : CAMELINOIL, ITE PIVERT n° 2015-GENESYS-WP3P18-063 PROBIORAF, FEDER Convention N°16004168 : CHIA-EASYNOV), generic studies of integrated schemes have been designed to valorise mucilage and phospholipids from mucilaginous oilseeds, taking here the example of camelina. As the outermost surface layer of the seeds, mucilage can be effectively extracted by using an ultrasonic reactor with adequate shear conditions. Its composition and derived properties (as the viscoelastic behaviour) strongly depend on the parameters of its extraction, in particular the processing time, as revealed by the continuous monitoring of several responses (motor torque, pH, conductivity, refractive index). The omega-3 rich oil is then easily extracted from whole or demucilaginated seeds by single screw pressing for food and oleochemical needs in these different programs. According to chromatographic analyses and a specifically developed colorimetric method, it appears that if the oil extraction yield depends on the moisture content of the seeds, the phospholipid extraction yield remains low, these polar compounds being mainly found in the meal. Phospholipids can be recovered from the extracted oil by ultrasound-assisted precipitation with the presence of a small amount of water. Concerning the meal, as it is mucilage-free, it can be easily treated with water. However, the activation of enzymes in this solvent encourages the use of organic ones. A couple of solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate is used to replace the traditional methanol/chloroform mixture, giving similar yields with a supposedly much lower impact on health and environment, as well as on the potential further use of the meal. The composition of phospholipids largely determines the properties of the vesicles they can form in an aqueous medium. To extend these properties, particularly in the field of encapsulation of nutrients or elicitors for plants in the SMON-FERT program, a chemical modification of phospholipids has been undertaken. The use of low concentrations (<0.1 mM) of methylene blue, in the presence of air and under illumination (for the generation of singlet oxygen), allows the production of hydroperoxides from model phospholipids (soy lecithin) dissolved in ethanol. Using two variables (photosensitizer concentration and air volume) response surface methodology allows the oxidation to be modulated to produce vesicles of different sizes, charges and ionic permeability. If excessive oxidizing conditions result in the loss of encapsulation properties, moderate conditions allow the production of smaller vesicles with increased water and KCl permeability compared to unoxidized vesicles. Molecular dynamics study in "all atom" and "coarse grain" modes makes it possible to link this increased permeability to a decrease in membrane thickness, an increase in the area per lipid and a greater heterogeneity of the vesicles formed. The combination of in vitro and in silico tools can thus provide a way to adapt the chemical modification of phospholipids to the desired functional properties
Boudjema, Lotfi. "Etude des propriétés d'adsorption d'hydrocarbures par des polymères de coordination en milieu humide." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0017/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is focused on the study of wet adsorption and separation properties by porous coordination polymers. We used adsorption volumetry, gas chromatography separation techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and Monte Carlo modeling to understand the mechanisms governing the adsorption of these materials. The adsorbable molecules studied are water and hydrocarbon vapors linear (pentane and n-hexane), cyclic (cyclohexane and cyclohexene) and polycyclic (anthracene). The adsorbents studied are the Prussian Blue Analogues (ABP) as well as two reference porous organometallic materials, ZIF8 and CuBTC. Among the main results provided by this work, we have shown that Prussian Blue Analogues have remarkable hydrothermal stability conferring them very promising wet adsorption properties. Among the ABPs studied, Co [CoIII (CN)6] 0.66 ⊡0.33 .5.2H2O showed adsorption and separation properties far superior to those of other ABPs. For example, it has been possible to modulate its hydrophobic / hydrophilic balance by controlling the coordination of water on the unsaturated metal center, while preserving its lipophilic character. We have also shown that this Prussian blue analogue is capable of separating mixtures of dry or very wet hydrocarbons repeatedly. On a more fundamental aspect, we have shown that the confinement of anthracene by ZIF-8, which is a porous organometallic compound with cavities of size adjusted to that of the fluorophore, could induce a complete extinction of certain absorption bands of this one
Ovarlez, Sonia. "Le bleu maya et ses secrets : réactivité indigo-sépiolite et son influence sur la couleur du nanocomposite obtenu : vers l'élaboration de couleurs inspirée du modèle maya." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4084.
Full textThis work reports on the characterization and understanding of the reactivity of the sepiolite-indigo system. The aim is first, increasing chemical knowledge of the famous maya blue, second proposing the sepiolite-indigo system as a model of color fabrication process based on palygorskites clays and dyes hybrid nanocomposites elaboration is part of the full expansion fields of both green chemical and natural materials research. This work is taking part in a wild polemic debate about the location on indigo molecules, oppositions exist between the theoretical and experimental points of view are the indigo molecules are not in tunnels of the clays ? It is generally agreed today that the indigo molecules are not in tunnels but in the channels of palygorskites clays. So, in this work, after r=the thorough characterization of the raw materials, sepiolite and indigo, the process and sample elaboration have been realized. The process is a slight equilibrium between temperature, time and concentration. The results obtained from various analytical methods (FTIR, ATG, RMN, DRX, MEB/EDS, TOF-SIMS) permit us to bring out at least four experimental proofs concerning the presence of indigo molecules deeply introduced in the tunnels of sepiolite. Two types of temperature dependent complexes were observed. The first were characterized at room temperature, the second were obtained after high temperature treatments when the coordinated water molecule are leaving both are reversible. Hydrogen and Van Der Waals bonds are supposed to be the main complete interactions. These results are quite new and original. It is the first time that the reversibility is observed. Concerning archaeological topic this work propose hypothesis concerning the elaboration of green pigments by the Mayan painters. The photodégradation of an indigo-sepiolite blend is the key point. The experience of introduction, stabilization and protection of organic molecules palygorskites clay matrices allow us to obtain a large range of blue, green, purple, yellow, and black shades. This is the beginning of new color processing made from ancient pigments
Li, Ronghua. "Evaluation of photocatalytic activity of porous films by in-situ environmental ellipsometric analysis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066033/document.
Full textTiO2-based materials have been extensively studied as potential material to be used in photocatalysis. In particular crystalline mesoporous thin films exhibit increased photocatalytic activities due to their exceptionally high surface area. However the study and the optimization of the photocatalysis in such porous media is not easy to be done due to the fact that the catalytic process is highly dependent from several environmental and structural parameters. The research activities of this thesis were essentially focused on (i) the fabrication of mesoporous TiO2-based photoactive thin films with tunable composition and nanostructure and (ii) their utilization as platform for fundamental study of the photocatalytic process by ellipsometry. The mesoporous films with tunable nanostructure will be fabricated by coupling sol-gel chemistry and highly controlled liquid deposition techniques. Among modern analytical tools, 2D-GISAXS, ellipsometry and ellipso-porosimetry, SEM-FEG, HR-TEM and WAXS, were used to obtain a large set of relevant information. In the first part, a model TiO2 mesoporous film was analysed by ellipsometry for fundamental investigations of the photocatalytic process kinetics in air as function of the environmental and the organic pollutant. The information obtain by ellipsometry has allowed the proposition of photodegradation mechanisms in the studied conditions. In the second part, composite mesoporous TiO2/SiO2 films with tunable optical properties were fabricated by sol-gel chemistry. A structural study on the films porous network and composition was conducted. In-situ ellispometry was also used to study the photocatalytic activity
Garavito, Giovanny. "Etude pharmacologique expérimentale de l'activité antipaludique d'un composé de synthèse : le chlorure de methylthioninium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639025.
Full textJimenez, Romero Alex Manuel. "Nanoparticules à base d’oxyde de titane pour la photocatalyse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112032/document.
Full textTitanium based oxides nanoparticles were synthesized by laser pyrolysis and were tested as possible as photocatalysts. Using the laser pyrolysis method, this work shows that TiO2 and M-TiO2 (M = Pd, Fe, Cu, Si, N) can be easily synthesized in one step from titanium tetra isopropoxideprecursor mixed with organic salts of metals, SiH4 or NH3 to introduce atoms of Fe, Cu, Pd, Si and N in TiO2 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface (SBET), X-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP/EOS). Their optical properties were measured by diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRX). Photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles was evaluated using the degradation of methylene blue, formic acid and phenol tests under UV (360 nm) and/or UV-Visible(290-780nm) or pure visible radiation (455 nm). Results were compared to those of TiO2 Degussa P25 (from Evonik) obtained under same conditions.The nanoparticles are of spherical shape with a size distribution from 5 to 10 nanometers, there are mostly in anatase crystallographic phase. The specific surfaces area is always around 80 m2/g (170 m2/g for N-TiO2), indicating smaller size than TiO2 Degussa P25. Chemical analysis indicate that Fe, Cu, Pd, Si and N atoms are efficiently introduced into TiO2 powders. The mass ration MPowder/MPrecursor yield is always higher than 48%.Using the formic acid degradation test, TiO2, Pd-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2 were more active than TiO2 Degussa P25 test under UV-Vis radiation while Fe-TiO2, Si-TiO2 and N-TiO2 were less actives. Therefore, the influence of Pd amount/oxidation state upon the photocatalytic properties of Pd-TiO2 nanoparticles was studied in more details. Pd-TiO2 activity to degrade methylene blue, formic acid and phenol was improved in presence of metallic palladium. This activity is still important after 4 tests cycles.The activity of Titanium Oxynitride (exhibiting large shift of the optical gap towards the visible region) and N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was also studied in formic acid and methylene blue degradation test under visible radiation. Oxynitrides exhibit low activity, which appears to be improved by the addition of palladium. This low activity could be related to the presence of an amorphous phase in the sample. N-TiO2 samples were active in formic acid degradation under visible radiation while keeping a very good efficiency in the UV
Chen, Chi-Wei. "Etude physico-chimique des possibilités de valorisation des sables argileux non conformes dans des mélanges bitumineux routiers." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1004/document.
Full textSiliceous fines (clays) in fine aggregates used for AC pavement stimulate the moisture entering the bitumen-aggregates interface in AC mixture and create channels for water penetration. MB adsorption for qualifying fine aggregates is in accordance with the layer charge and the accessibility of consisted mineralogy in fine aggregates. However, the correlation between MB qualification for fine aggregates and fine aggregates triggering moisture susceptibility of AC mixture has not ever been addressed; moreover, the questions from MB adsorption still remain to be solved. In order to evaluate the stripping and to clarify MB adsorption on fine aggregates from a mineralogical perspective, the most common clays in natural aggregates, kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite, were extracted from their clay rocks, and used to prepare thin clay film, artificial fine aggregates and asphalt concrete mixtures consist of artificial fine aggregates. Moreover, the 5 blinded fine aggregates received from quarries without any given information were applied as the blinded experiments to confirm the practicability with mineralogical diversity. The mineralogical analysis was identifying and quantifying the mineral phases in extracted clay and fine aggregates by using X-Ray diffraction, and the quantitative results were judged by complementary test. MB adsorption was studied using drop method, UV-Photometer method and cation exchange capacity from clays and aggregates. Water-bitumen-clay interaction was studied using the sessile drop and the Oliensis spot tests on those thin clay films. The water intrusion routes in AC mixture was investigated immersing AC mixture in solution with chemical probe, whereas Duriez tests allowed measuring the moisture susceptibility of AC mixtures containing varied clay mineralogy in fine aggregates. The results show that clay mineralogy is in relation to water-bitumen-clay interaction, and it is agreed by moisture susceptibility of AC mixture indicated by Duriez test. With the dispersive nature bitumen used in this study, cohesive failure is in the light of kaolinite-AC mixture in the presence of water, whereas swelling property is responsible for the stripping in illite- and montmorillonite- AC mixture. In order to exclude the physical interferences on MB adsorption, the vale of 100% of MB adsorption on fine aggregates referred to CEC value is necessary to apply, and MB value measured from drop method efficiently excludes the significant impacts from layer charge, pH value and exchangeable cations. Although MB adsorption is in relation to clay mineralogy, this test does not sufficiently indicate the stripping of AC mixture occurred by clay in fine aggregates. There are still rooms to use the non-qualified fine aggregates for the use of AC pavement. As Rietveld method from X-Ray diffraction derives the most reasonable quantitative results, the X-Ray powder diffraction and the X-Ray orientated EG treated K-saturated clay diffraction are proposed for analyzing clay mineralogy and its swelling property for judging the use of non-qualified fine aggregates for AC mixture.MB2 and Duriez0.8 surfaces can be established on clay mineralogical map since we discovered MB adsorption and moisture susceptibility are related to clay mineralogy in fine aggregates. The fine aggregates which is not qualified by MB adsorption is going to confirm the possibility for the use of AC pavement by the mineralogical analysis through X-Ray diffraction. By adopting the quantitative results of clay on mineralogical map with Duriez0.8 surface and the swelling property of clays in fine aggregates, the use of fine aggregates for AC pavement can be properly judged according to water-bitumen-aggregates interaction and stripping which has been proved in this study
Vargas, Hernandez Jesus. "Structural and Morphological modification of TiO2 doped metal ions and investigation of photo-induced charge transfer processes." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1018/document.
Full textThe thesis work is focused on the synthesis methods of titanium dioxide nanostructures and their physico-chemical studies in order to point out the correlations between the morphology, metal doping, structural features with the photocatalytic efficiency. The great interest on TiO2 nanomaterials deals with new sources of energy or in the environment preservation through the photocatalytic properties. However, the main limitations is due to the wide band gap (~3.2 eV) of the anatase polymorph. Thus, a major objective for improvement of the performance of TiO2 nanomaterials is to increase theirphotoactivity by shifting the onset of the electron-hole pairs creation from UV to the visible range. Moreover, it was found that using onedimensional (1-D) TiO2 (nanotubes) improved the charge collection by 1D nanostructures which consequently minimizes the recombination and prolongate the electron lifetimes. The first part of this work is focused on the synthesis of TiO2 nanopowders doped with metallic ions (Ag, Cu, Eu) prepared by Solgel. Even with different doping elements which apparently can adopt the same valence state (2+) such as (Cu2+, Ag2+,Eu2+), different behaviors were demonstrated for the effective incorporation of these ions in the host structure of TiO2. The discrepancy between ionic radii of the different used elements modulates the ratio of the substitutional doping. This is indeed achieved for Cu2+ but in less extent for Ag2+ while Europium ions form segregated phase as Eu2Ti2O7. The experiments on the degradation of methylene blue (MB)dyes have shown slight improvement with Ag-doped samples. The reason was tentatively attributed to the Ag clusters which were indeed demonstrated through their plasmon optical band. The second part of the work concerns thin films of TiO2 doped (Cu, Ag, and Eu) which were elaborated by spin coating and dip coating. The optimal parameters were obtained to achieve crystalline films but presenting mesoporous organisation which also depends on the doping process. Photocatalysis investigations were also realized and the efficiency of the films compared as function of the doping elements.The third part of the thesis is related to the morphological modification from nanoparticles to nanotubes by using the hydrothermal method with controlled pressure. An experimental design based on Taguchi Method was employed for the determination of the optimal parameters. TiO2 nanotubes increase the surface area in comparison with TiO2nanoparticles. TiO2 nanotubes were tested for the methylene blue degradation and show a higher photocatalytic efficiency than TiO2 nanopowders and TIO2 doped with Ag
Zhou, Shuzhen. "Compact photocatalytic reactors for water treatment : mass and photon transfer issues." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10331.
Full textIn this work, we aim to overcome photon transfer limitations and mass transfer limitations to design, operate and characterize a compact photocatalytic reactor to remove the pharmaceutical pollutant diclofenac (DCF) in a laboratory pilot reactor, and further to produce metrics for the design of a full scale industrial pilot. Metrics include rate law for pollutant degradation, optimal photocatalytic film thickness, catalyst deactivation law, light distribution, geometry, etc. under process conditions. Catalyst deposition, kinetics, catalyst deactivation; external and internal mass transfer and UV light diffusion in TiO2 film, etc. were studied with a model molecule methylene blue (MB) and operation parameters - flow rate, initial concentration of MB, light intensity, thickness of catalyst film, dissolved oxygen, etc - on MB photocatalytic degradation were investigated. A reactor model was built considering the mass transfer and light extinction issues. Numerical integration was performed to fit the experimental data to determine the intrinsic rate constant and order of light intensity. This methodology was then applied albeit partially to the targeted DCF, combined photocatalysis together with hydrogenation technology. Drop-coating method was chosen mainly for catalyst deposition and a wide range of catalyst (TiO2 P25) film was got with this method. A method to get and use the density of the catalyst film was performed to determine the thickness of deposited catalyst film. The extinction coefficients of the Pyrex glass and TiO2-P25 film were measured experimentally and compatible with literature data. DCF was degraded by photocatalysis and hydrogenation. Hydrogenation was proved to be effective for hydrodechlorination and hydrodearomatisation of DCF in water in the presence of Ru/C catalyst (5% Ru, Type H 101B Degussa) at 60°C and around 25 bars. This research can also be applied to other industrial sectors (off-shore platforms, “inside-thecity” production units, etc.) where such compact process may be required
Dormoi, Jérôme. "Statines et paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5025.
Full textOnly 1 to 3% of malaria infections turn into CM. Meanwhile, long term neurological sequelae range from 3 to 10 % in adults and 25% of child survivors present long term cognitive impairments. In a military framework, there are 15 000 soldiers localized in endemic malaria areas, with at less 350 infection cases giving clinical malaria syndrome but mainly 2 deaths each year.In the aim to fight against P. falciparum but also to decrease sequelae related to CM, two molecules were studied. In one hand, atorvastatin (AVA) and in the other hand methylene blue (MB). AVA is a synthetic inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (3HMG-CoA) reductase used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Previous data, reported in numerous articles support the efficacy of AVA not only as antimicrobial, antiviral or antiparasitic agent but also as immune system modulator and potential adjuvant in vitro for common antimalarial drugs. BM is an antimalarial drug which until now had a synthesis pathway with heavy metals. It is a new synthesis pathway without heavy metals and an efficacy demonstrated which encouraged us to study this molecule.To evaluate AVA and BM efficacies in combination with common antimalarial drugs, we successively tested these molecules in an in vitro model (simplified isotopic microtest) against P. falciparum, then in experimental cerebral malaria using C57BL/6N mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. An increased efficacy was observed when AVA or MB is associated with common antimalarial drugs against P. falciparum but also a protection against CM in mice treated by drugs combinations. MB protects against malaria but also CM
Bogner, Christina. "Analysis of flow patterns and flow mechanisms in soils." Thesis, Bayreuth Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997214058/34.
Full textVeravong, Sudarath. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomène d'adsorption de colorant par les fibres cellulosiques papetières : cas particulier de bleu méthylène." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446077/en/.
Full textLarouche, Pierre-Luc. "Développement d'un modèle cellulaire d'acidose lactique et étude des effets du bleu de méthylène." Thèse, 2011. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2154/1/030259344.pdf.
Full textBelhassen, Sarah. "Évaluation de l’ototoxicité secondaire au bleu de méthylène chez le cochon d’Inde : étude animale prospective." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13478.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Methylene blue is widely used in the medical field, especially as a blue dye for staining. It is also used as a photosensitizing agent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, which once photoactivated is effective for the eradication of several multiresistant bacteria. The objective of this study is to investigate its ototoxic potential. METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs, forming two groups, received respectively intratympanic methylene blue and gentamicin in one ear. The contralateral ears received a control saline solution. We conducted auditory evoked brainstem response (ABR) before and one week after the injection series. Once completed, the cochleas were dissected and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The mean difference of hearing loss in the saline group compared to the gentamicin group was 66.25dB (p<0.001). However, the mean difference of hearing loss in the methylene blue group compared to normal saline was 1.50 dB, and it was not shown to be statistically significant (p=0.688). Furthermore, uptake of caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry (apoptotic marker) was negative in the group which received injections of methylene blue. CONCLUSION: In light of our results, intratympanic injections of methylene blue did not demonstrate an ototoxic potential. We recommend further studies to precise its usefulness in the otology field.
Rivard, Marie-Eve. "Impact de facteurs sanguins et d'agents thérapeutiques sur la survie de fibroblastes de sujets atteints de la forme canadienne-française du syndrome de Leigh (LSFC)." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4760.
Full textLeigh syndrome French-Canadian variant (LSFC) is a metabolic disease associated with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency and characterized by episodes of lactic acidosis, referred to as “crisis”, leading to death at an early age. The mechanisms underlying a crisis and its cellular consequences remain elusive, and there is no effective therapy. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of peripheral metabolic factors that are potentially altered in patients with LSFC on their cells death and to identify therapeutic agents able to prevent them using cell-lineage from LSFC patients and controls. The hypothesis are that (i) these metabolic factors can induce premature death in patient cells, and (ii) interventions that could rescue these cells may target potential consequences of COX deficiency, namely low adenosine triphosphate (ATP), high nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and toxic lipids, as well as oxidative stress. A screening of 8 blood factors and 10 therapeutic agents was conducted in fibroblasts. Parameter measured included cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, as well as ATP level and COX activity. LSFC fibroblasts were more susceptible to necrosis (39±6%) induced by high palmitate plus lactate and this was associated with a lower ATP (53±8%). Cell death decreased 2-fold with combined interventions, which presumably act on NADH, ATP, and the accumulation of toxic lipids, but increased with antioxidants. Collectively, our results emphasize the importance of nutrient overload as a factor eliciting premature cell death in LSFC cells and of combining interventions acting through various mechanisms for cell death rescue.