Dissertations / Theses: 'Adult age differences'

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Tun, Patricia Ann. "Adult age differences in processing different types of text." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28955.

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Risse, Sarah, and Reinhold Kliegl. "Adult age differences in the perceptual span during reading." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5693/.

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Following up on research suggesting an age-related reduction in the rightward extent of the perceptual span during reading (Rayner, Castelhano, & Yang, 2009), we compared old and young adults in an N+2-boundary paradigm in which a nonword preview of word N+2 or word N+2 itself is replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N. The intermediate word N+1 was always three letters long. Gaze durations on word N+2 were significantly shorter for identical than nonword N+2 preview both for young and for old adults with no significant difference in this preview benefit. Young adults, however, did modulate their gaze duration on word N more strongly than old adults in response to the difficulty of the parafoveal word N+1. Taken together, the results suggest a dissociation of preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effect. Results are discussed in terms of age-related decline in resilience towards distributed processing while simultaneously preserving the ability to integrate parafoveal information into foveal processing. As such, the present results relate to proposals of regulatory compensation strategies older adults use to secure an overall reading speed very similar to that of young adults.

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Li, Xuan. "Electrophysiological Evidence for Adult Age Differences in Orientation Discrimination." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512732686486329.

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Colônia, Regina Célia. "Adult age differences in memory for lateral orientation of pictures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29327.

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Koumoutzis, Athena N. "Age Differences in Stressors and Outcomes Among Young Adult, Midlife, and Older Adult Caregivers." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1553839757877709.

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Brown, Scott Charles. "Adult age differences in memory, the roles of facilitation and interference." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ49984.pdf.

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Babcock, Renee L. "Analysis of adult age differences on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29376.

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Laumann, Lisa L. "Adult age differences in vocabulary acquisition as a function of individual differences in working memory and prior knowledge." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=614.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 78 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-38).

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9

Miller, Marian M. "Adult development : traits of instrumentality and expressiveness." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/514538.

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The purpose of this research was to examine significant change, if any, in instrumental and expressive traits during adulthood. The research was designed to test the assumption that chronological age and psychosocial stage are related to instrumentality and expressiveness.The present study utilized the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) and a personal information questionnaire. The research question was: Are there differences in traits of instrumentality and expressiveness at different stages of adult development?Three hundred sixty-three men and women between the ages of 20 and 70 participated in the study. The sample included 164 men and 197 warren. Participants were members of volunteer organizations. They were assigned to different groups based on age and psychosocial development.Four 3 x 3 Analyses of Variance procedures were performed. There were three levels of age: (1) 20-35, (2) 36-50, and (3) 51-70. Categorization of psychosocial stage included: (1) no children, (2) children from birth to graduation from high school, and (3) all children graduated from high school. Sex was not combined, rather separate analysis was performed on each sex. The dependent variables were expressiveness and instrumentality as defined by scores on the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The following effects were studied:(1) Effects of age and psychosocial stage on traits of instrumentality in men.(2) Effects of age and psychosocial stage on traits of expressiveness in men.(3) Effects of age and psychosocial stage on traits of instrumentality in women.(4) Effect of age and psychosocial stage on traits of expressiveness in women.The results of the research indicated that traits of instrumentality and expressiveness in men and women do not change significantly during adulthood. No significant differences were found in men or women with regard to age and psychosocial development on traits of instrumentality and expressiveness.

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Young, Tiffany Lenell. "Age Differences in Substance Use and Social Support among Recently Incarcerated Adult Females." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/gerontology_theses/14.

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While men retain the highest rates of incarcerations, the female prison population has tripled in the last decade (Covington, 2007; Henderson, 1998). The goal of this study was to examine micro-level forces, such as social support, substance use, and childhood trauma, in a sample of 188 recently incarcerated women, aged 18-58. Using an ANOVA with ages grouped 18-29, 30-39, and 40-58, age differences in substance use were identified, with the 30-39 year old group reporting more alcohol and drug use than the 18-29 year old group. There were no age differences on social support or childhood trauma. Multiple regression analyses revealed that older age and less social support predicted more alcohol use and older age alone predicted drug use. These results illustrate a need for deeper exploration of these micro forces across the life course of incarcerated women and the need for age-specific programs with at-risk populations to address different use patterns.

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Groß, Julia Verfasser], Ute [Akademischer Betreuer] Bayen, and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Musch. "Adult Age Differences in Hindsight Bias / Julia Groß. Gutachter: Ute Bayen ; Jochen Musch." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035274078/34.

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Groß, Julia [Verfasser], Ute Akademischer Betreuer] Bayen, and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Musch. "Adult Age Differences in Hindsight Bias / Julia Groß. Gutachter: Ute Bayen ; Jochen Musch." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035274078/34.

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Skovronek, Eric Stephen. "Decomposing adult age differences in spatial ability : a componential analysis of cube comparison performance." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28802.

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Warrington, Kayleigh Louise. "Adult age differences in early word processing : evidence from eye movements during sentence reading." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42849.

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This thesis reports seven experiments which examine whether young and older adult readers differ in aspects of early word processing during reading. Further, this thesis explores whether the mechanisms underlying these processes differ between young and older adult readers. Despite age-related reading difficulties being well documented, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these difficulties. Many aspects of older adults’ processing have not previously been examined in detail. Accordingly, the current experiments provide a novel examination of various aspects of older adults’ early word recognition processing. Findings from Experiment 1 indicate that young and older adults make similar use of parafoveal orthographic information and have a perceptual span which is similar in size and symmetry. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that older adults experience greater difficulty when reading low-contrast text than young adults. Further, Experiment 2 provided an initial indication that middle-aged readers do not yet experience the reading difficulty typically associated with older age. Experiments 4 and 5 suggest that young and older adults process letter position similarly (e.g. similar coding of “problem” and “rpoblem”). Experiments 4 and 5 also highlighted the potential for effects to be inflated in measures sensitive to rereading for groups that are more likely to reread. These groups may experience a “double-whammy” due to a greater likelihood of words being processed multiple times. Finally, Experiments 6 and 7 indicate that older adults may make more word misperception errors during reading when two words are both visually and orthographically similar and when the alternative reading of the word is higher frequency (e.g. mistaking “spice” for “space”). Overall, these experiments have advanced our understanding of adult age differences in early word recognition processes. These findings highlight key areas for development for future studies, models of eye movement control during reading and models of visual word recognition.

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Stock, R. A. "Adult age differences in thinking styles and probabilistic reasoning : the effect of natural frequencies." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6111/.

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Probabilistic reasoning is a distinct type of reasoning which previous evidence has found to be particularly difficult for both naive and expert participants in laboratory research. The current study looked at probabilistic reasoning performance in the light of dual- process theories of thinking and reasoning, using thinking style measures to investigate whether normative reasoning is indeed most often associated with a tendency to reason analytically, rather than heuristically. The tasks were presented both as probabilities, requiring participants to think of the chance of a given event happening once and as frequencies, requiring participants to imagine a large number of times or people, and suggesting what number of these might involve the given event. The latter is believed to prime the analytical process of reasoning, particularly when natural, rather than normalised, frequencies are used. Two age groups were used in order to examine the relationship between cognitive ageing and probabilistic reasoning, and to provide greater variability in a range of individual differences. Using samples of young participants (18-32 years) and older participants (>60 years) the studies reported in this thesis did find a consistent effect of format, whereby those in the frequency format showed both fewer fundamental reasoning fallacies on conjunctive and disjunctive tasks, and lower levels of error, as measured by absolute distance from the normatively correct answer. The format of the tasks - whether probability or frequency - was also an effective predictor of responses to two different Bayesian tasks. Many of the findings regarding the format of the tasks were consistent with dual process theories of reasoning. There was no effect of age on reasoning performance, despite predictions that older individuals would show less analytical reasoning than the younger group. There was however an interaction effect between the format of the tasks and age group, whereby older participants' performance did not benefit from the frequency wording, indicating that they were either not primed to reason analytically, or that they were primed to do so but were unable to do so to the extent that they could obtain the normatively correct response. More surprisingly, there was no consistent relationship between thinking styles and reasoning performance. 7 parison between current results and previous literature continues to highlight the . que nature of probabilistic reasoning, and the above findings are considered as providing continued support for dual process theories of reasoning. Future research in this area may need to find more accurate ways of assessing an individual's preferred thinking styles, as well as further investigating the nature of the differences between the processes used in completing inclusive and exclusive disjunctive tasks. The measure of reasoning error developed in this current research would also benefit from greater application and further investigation of possible refinements in order to continue to increase our knowledge of how people reason with probabilities.

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Abernathy, L. Ty. "An examination of adult age differences in implicit and explicit memory for prescription drug advertisements." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11042008-095252.

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Whitworth, Bernadette Ann. "Exploring Age Cohort Differences in Childhood Nature Experiences and Adult Feelings of Connection to Nature." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367359205.

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Elliott, Dustin Michael. "Facilitating Attentional Guidance in Driving Scenes: Adult Age Differences in the Effectiveness of Directional Cues." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27455.

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Aging negatively impacts multiple processes of visual attention that can influence driving performance and safety. However, spatial orienting in response to visual cues remains relatively intact into late adulthood. The two experiments in the present study were aimed to determine the extent to which two types of directional visual cues effectively guide spatial orienting of older (60-80 years) and younger (18-35 years) adults in driving scenes. In Experiment 1, I utilized a Posner cuing task to investigate reflexive orienting to a target (a car at an intersection) in response to peripheral onset and central arrow cues. Both younger and older adults showed orienting benefits to valid directional cues and costs to invalid directional cues, and older adults showed greater attentional costs and benefits than younger adults. Furthermore, only younger adults showed general alerting effects following non-directional cues. In Experiment 2, I tested whether peripheral onset cues could effectively orient younger and older adults’ attention to a car’s location in video clips of simulated driving. Both age groups showed attentional benefits and costs from directional cues as well as alerting effects from neutral cues. Older adults showed larger overall cuing effects, which were driven primarily by costs from invalid cues. The age differences in the magnitude of cuing effects persisted, for the most part, after reducing the influence of general slowing. The two experiments of the present study demonstrated the effectiveness of visual cues in guiding attention in driving scenes. The findings suggest that the visual attention of both younger and older adults can be facilitated by visual cues in a driving environment, and the findings serve as a stepping-stone to the applied integration of cues into automobiles.
Department of Psychology, NDSU

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Kliegl, Reinhold, and Ulman Lindenberger. "Modeling intrusions and correct recall in episodic memory : adult age differences in encoding of list context." Universität Potsdam, 1993. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4039/.

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A model for correct recall and intrusions in cued recall of word lists is introduced. Intrusions are false responses that were correct in an earlier list. The model assumes 3 exclusive states for memory traces after encoding: with a list tag (i.e., with information about list origin), without list tags, and missing. Across lists, a trace can lose its list tag or its content. For retrieval, an optimal strategy of response selection was assumed. Younger and older laboratory-trained mnemonists participated in 2 experiments in which recall of permutations of a single word list across a single set of cues was held constant with individually adjusted presentation times. With correct recall equated to younger adults, older adults were more susceptible to intrusions. Age differences were restricted to model parameters estimating the probability of generation of list tags. Alternative accounts of age differences in context memory are discussed.

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Earles, Julie Lynn. "Influence of type of material to be remembered on adult age differences in memory performance : is there something special about performed activities?" Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28864.

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Stanavitch, Vicki A. "Symptom Presentation Frequency and Severity Associated with Adult Lyme Disease by ROSS Scale Review." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2766.

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Although Lyme disease is the most frequently reported vector-borne illness in the United States, recent evidence from the CDC suggests that Lyme disease incidence in the United States may be much higher than reported. Lyme disease symptoms can be mistaken for a wide variety of diseases, which can complicate the diagnosis. To date, no diagnostic criteria analysis has been conducted examining the association between sociodemographic variables (sex and age) and seasonality of infection with the severity and symptomology found in Lyme disease cases. Using the CDC's outbreak investigation model, a primary case/control study was conducted using the ROSS Scale to collect data. Comparisons were made between a Lyme disease-diagnosed group (n = 203) and a convenience sample of non-Lyme disease patients (n = 388). Novel symptom patterns were found to significantly predict a diagnosis of Lyme disease. Odds ratio results revealed a positive association between musculoskeletal (OR = 11; 95% CI), neurological (OR = 12; 95% CI), cognitive (OR = 10; 95% CI), and cutaneous (OR = 144; 95% CI) symptoms frequency and severity and the diagnosis of Lyme disease. In addition, overall symptom frequency and severity scores displayed significant differences between cases and controls, between males and females, and among certain age groups. No correlation was found between symptom frequency and severity with the seasonality of infection. Current diagnostic tools search for antibodies to the Borrelia bacteria, but antibody production takes a few weeks. The results of this study help identify at-risk patients based on the presentation and severity of Lyme disease symptoms when antibodies are not present in measureable quantities in the blood stream, allowing for earlier diagnosis.

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Kliegl, Reinhold, Jacqui Smith, and Paul B. Baltes. "Testing-the-limits and the study of adult age differences in cognitive plasticity of a mnemonic skill." Universität Potsdam, 1989. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4031/.

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Investigated the range and limits of cognitive reserve capacity as a general approach to the understanding of age differences in cognitive functioning. Testing-the-limits is proposed as a research strategy, Data are reported from 2 training studies involving old (65 to 83 years old) and young adults (19 to 29 years old). The training, designed to engineer an expertise in serial word recall, involved instruction and practice in the Method of Loci. Substantial plasticity was evident in pretest to posttest comparisons. Participants raised their serial word recall several times above that of pretest baseline. Age-differential limits in reserve capacity were evident in amount of training gain but not in responses to conditions of increased test difficulty (speeded stimulus presentation). Group differences were magnified by the training to such a degree that age distributions barely overlapped at posttests. Testing-the-limits offers promise in terms of understanding the extent and nature of cognitive plasticity.

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FitzGerald, John P. "Heterochrony of ageing of adult cerebral hemispheres and relationships with emotion function, mood and social engagement /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071002.101145.

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McCreary, Faith Anne. "Adult-child Differences in Spatial Learning in an Immersive Virtual Environment as a Function of Field-of-view." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36643.

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Despite the potential of immersive virtual environments (VEs) as educational tools, little is known about how VE system parameters impact a child using the environment. Designers of VE applications targeted at children must rely on studies done with adults to guide their design decisions. The failure to understand how children differ from adults in their responses to VEs poses a serious obstacle to the design of effective learning environments for children. The main goal of this research was to quantify the impact of varying one VE system parameter, field-of-view, on large-scale, spatial learning in middle elementary schoolchildren and the incidence of side-effects in that population in an immersive VE. The other goals of this research were to identify 1) how, and if, middle elementary schoolchildren's responses to this environment differ from that of adult participants, and 2) how, and if, gender changed participant performance and responses. Adults and 7-9 year old children were taught a U-shaped route through a six room virtual house, while wearing a helmet mounted display (HMD). Participants viewed the environment under monoscopic conditions with the horizontal field-of-view (HFOV) of the display set at either 30 or 48 degrees. Head tracking was not enabled as the children were unable to maintain a normal head position while wearing the HMD. After the learning period, participants performed tasks designed to assess spatial knowledge of the space: 1) locomotion efficiency was measured by the number of collisions with objects, 2) landmark knowledge was measured by the participant's ability to recognize photos of objects found in the environment 3) route knowledge was measured by the participant's ability to correctly re-trace the route and name the sequence of landmarks along the route, 4) configuration knowledge was measured by the participant's ability to point to occluded landmarks, make spatial inferences, and construct a model of the environment. Participants also completed a simple questionnaire which assessed the incidence of equipment difficulties and side-effects, general enjoyment, and the sense of presence in the VE. Additionally, the participant's vision and balance was checked before and after immersion in the VE. Locomotion, route knowledge, and configuration knowledge efficiency increased significantly with both age and FOV. At the smaller FOV, both adults and 7-9 year olds developed a significantly lesser degree of spatial knowledge, with the effect being amplified in the 7-9 year olds. In general, the more sophisticated the level the spatial knowledge required by a task, the greater the impact of FOV and age, with configuration knowledge being achieved significantly less frequently than route knowledge. Gender also significantly impacted the development of configuration knowledge. Only landmark knowledge did not change with age, FOV, or gender. Also, the incidence of VE balance side-effects decreased significantly with age and was impacted by gender. The incidence of equipment difficulties also decreased with age,with significantly more, and longer, breaks being taken by 7-9 year olds than by adults. Further, general enjoyment of VE immersion and presence decreased significantly with age.
Master of Science

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Greenwood, Maria A. "Differential behavioral effects of ketamine between adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3045.

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The dissociative anesthetic ketamine has been subject to growing abuse worldwide, particularly in adolescents. This project compared the effects of ketamine in conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration in adolescent (PND 28-50) and adult (>PND70) Sprague-Dawley rats. Cocaine served as a positive control. In CPP, adolescents demonstrated preferences for ketamine, while adults developed an aversion. In the self-administration procedure, adults acquired the behavior more rapidly, but there was no difference in the percentage of subjects reaching acquisition nor in responding under a progressive ratio schedule for either drug. The CPP results suggest that adolescents have a greater sensitivity to the rewarding and tolerance to the aversive effects of ketamine. The divergent results for ketamine in the adults may reflect differences in the two procedures. However, because cocaine produced only hedonic effects in both age groups, it also suggests unique characteristics of ketamine and differences in its effects based on age.

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Chaudhury, Shahzya Shahrin. "An examination of the impact of cellular age on leukaemic transformation to understand biological differences in paediatric and adult acute myeloid leukaemia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8898/.

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Kliegl, Reinhold. "Kognitive Plastizität und altersbedingte Grenzen am Beispiel des Erwerbs einer Gedächtnistechnik." Universität Potsdam, 1989. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4032/.

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Die Bedeutung kognitiver Entwicklungskapazität (Plastizität) und ihrer altersabhängigen Grenzen für Theorien kognitiven Alters wird thematisiert. Für kognitive Basisprozesse wird erwartet, daß die durch Training umgesetzte Entwicklungskapazität älterer Menschen zwar ausreicht, die Ausgangsleistung junger Erwachsener zu übertreffen, daß aber aufgrund altersbedingter Grenzen der Entwicklungskapazität nur sehr wenige ältere Erwachsene das Leistungsniveau trainierter junger Erwachsener erreichen werden. Am Beispiel eines Gedächtnistrainingsprogrammes zur Erhöhung der Merkfähigkeit für Wortlisten werden zwei Forschungsstrategien vorgestellt: (a) das Training von sehr leistungsfähigen älteren Erwachsenen und (b) Längsschnitt-Einzelfall-Studien. Die experimentellen Befunde bestätigten die theoretischen Erwartungen. Zwar waren die Leistungen der besten älteren Erwachsenen etwa doppelt so hoch wie die untrainierter junger Erwachsener, aber die durch das Training aufgedeckten Altersverluste konnten auch in bis zu 75 weiteren Übungsstunden nicht behoben werden.
The relevance of developmental reserve capacity (plasticity) and associated age-related limits for theories of cognitive aging is discussed. For basic cognitive mechanisms, older adults' developmental reserve capacity is expected to be sufficient to surpass young adults' baseline performance. Aging-related limits of this reserve, however, will allow only very few older adults to achieve levels of performance characteristic of trained young adults. Two research strategies (designed to engineer a mnemonic skill for serial recall of words) are described: (a) training of positively selected, mentally very fit older adults and (b) longitudinal single case studies. Experimental results were in agreement with the theoretical expectations. The best older adults scored about twice as high as untrained young adults but even with up to 75 additional experimental sessions the age difference generated by the cognitive intervention was not overcome.

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Buczylowska, Dorota [Verfasser], Monika [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Daseking, and Canan [Gutachter] Basar-Eroglu. "Executive Functions across the Adult Life Span: Age-related Differences and Relationships with Intelligence / Dorota Buczylowska ; Gutachter: Monika Daseking, Canan Basar-Eroglu ; Betreuer: Monika Daseking." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113875952X/34.

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Schlosnagle, Leo. "Age differences in younger and older adults' experience of interpersonal problems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10188.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 74 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-53).

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Crawford, Jennifer. "Age Differences in Social Decision-Making: The Role of Discrete Emotions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1625089104773958.

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Krishnamoorthi, Prithviraj. "Gender differences in oral health of seniors." Thesis, Boston University, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37815.

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Thesis (MSD) -- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2010 (Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research).
Includes bibliographic references: leaves 73-75.
Objectives: To describe the oral health of Rhode Island Seniors and to evaluate gender differences in oral health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of individuals who underwent oral screening at the HeathLink Wellness Health Fair, RI, in June, 2008. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire on self-reported general and oral health, and a dental examination for those who attended the HealthLink Wellness Progran’s health fair. Data was coded and entered into Epi-Info version 3.4.1, then analyzed using SAS version 9.1. The clinical oral health outcome variables studied were: number of teeth, edentulousness, root tips, untreated caries, dentures, and DMFT. The self-perceived oral health outcome variables were: difficulty relaxing, avoided going out or feeling nervous or self-conscious, felt pain or distress due to teeth, gums or denture, and overall poor self-perceived oral health. The main predictor variable was gender. Other predictor variables included age, self-reported chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and dry mouth), smoking history and current smoking status, self-perceived oral health, number of teeth, dentures, and DMFT. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The study sample consisted of 166 subjects with a mean age of 72.3[plus or minus]7.8 years (range=42-89 years). Descriptive analyses of the study sample’s oral health showed that the subjects had overall good oral health, with 47% having good oral hygiene, 19% had untreated caries, 8% had root tips, 46% had at least one denture (upper or lower, complete or partial), and 12% were completely edentulous. On average, study subjects retained at least half of their natural dentition (mean=16.8[plus or minus]0.8 teeth). The mean DMFT score was 18.5[plus or minus]0.5 teeth. The mean number of teeth with untreated caries was 0.4[plus or minus]0.1 teeth. Multiple logistic regression models and linear regression models were performed after controlling for potential confounders and statistically significant associations were found between the main predictor, gender; and the outcome variables, self-perceived oral health, and clinical oral health. Females were 3.3 times more likely to feel difficulty relaxing due to their teeth, gums or denture (95% CI=1.5-7.6, p=0.002), were 10 times more likely to avoid going out or felt nervous or self-conscious due to their teeth, gums or denture (95%CI=2.1- 48.2, p=0.004), were 5.9 times more likely to have felt pain or distress due to their teeth, gums or denture (95% CI=1.8-19.8, p=0.005), and were 3.2 times more likely to avoid eating some foods due to their teeth gums or denture (95% CI=1.0-10.1, p=0.03). When a new variable was constructed, that reflected an overall score for self-perceived oral health, a multiple linear regression model showed that females had overall poorer self-perceived oral health (p=[less than]0.0001) than males. When clinical oral health outcome variables and gender was analyzed, females were less likely to have decayed teeth (p=0.005), had lower DMFT (p=0.02), and had a greater number of teeth (p=0.03) than males. Conclusion: In this study sample, there is an association between clinical oral health and self-perceived oral health and gender compared to the national data. Also, despite the fact that males had poorer clinical oral health than females, females reported poorer self-perceived oral health than males.

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Ma, Xiaodong. "Age differences in conjunction fallacies and information-processing styles." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1178153602.

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Almofadda, Omar A. "Age and sex differences in spontaneous self-concept in Saudi Arabia : \"preadolescents, adolescents and youth adults\" /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825075993.

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Muskin, Ryan M. "Age Differences in Emotional Reactivity to Subtypes of Sadness and Anger." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu162421148394513.

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Emegbo, Stephen. "Age and sex differences in human sleep : objective versus self-reported measures in healthy adults." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600128.

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Objective: There is an ever growing body of literature which endorses the view that sleep evolves with normal aging and also modified by being either a man or woman. Changes in sleep patterns have been consistently described from childhood, through adolescence, adulthood and into old age, with sleep continuity measures seen to decline with aging and to a greater extent in men compared to women. However, when sleep is evaluated using subjective means, elderly women are more likely to report poor quality sleep compared to men. We evaluated the subjective (self-reported) and objective (polysomnographic and EEG power spectra) of 181 healthy subjects under normal and experimental challenge by traffic noise with three defined aims; firstly, to describe the nature of aging and sex-related effects upon sleep. Secondly, to evaluate the inter-relationship between objective (PSG & spectral) and subjective (self-reported) measures of sleep. Finally, to assess the influence of these age and sex upon sleep propensity when sleep is experimentally challenged (ESF).

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Horhota, Michelle. "Age Differences in the Correspondence Bias: An Examination of the Influence of Personal Belief." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11182004-143243/unrestricted/horhota%5Fmichelle%5Fe%5F200412%5Fmast.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Dr. Fredda Blanchard-Fields, Committee Chair ; Dr. Christopher Hertzog, Committee Member ; Dr. Ann Bostrom, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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Taylor, Olivia. "Rehabilitative Input and Support Received by Older Adults following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury event." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9455.

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Introduction: Older adults have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, limited research exists that examines the information and support received by older adults after a TBI, despite suggestions that input may be insufficient. We therefore aimed to evaluate the information and rehabilitative support received by individuals after mTBI, and to determine whether there were any age-related differences. Method: Adults (n = 250) who presented at the Christchurch Hospital Emergency Department over a 12 month period, with a diagnosis of mTBI were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 106 consented and 80 were able to be contacted for follow up. Participants were aged 18-85 years (M = 48) and evenly distributed into four age groups (18-30, 31-50, 51-65 and 66-85 years). Participants were interviewed over the phone using a questionnaire developed in a pilot study. Questions focussed on information and treatment received after the participants’ injury, as well as questions about cognitive and mood problems following the injury. Data was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: There were no significant differences between age groups for the number of post-TBI symptoms reported by participants. However, as predicted, the post-injury information and assistance received were inconsistent and differed across groups: 25% of all participants did not receive any information after their TBI, and older adults were the least satisfied with the information received. Post-injury assistance was most commonly offered by friends, family and significant others, but this may not have been sufficient to encourage complete recovery. Participants made suggestions for assistance and support that they would have liked following their injury. Conclusions: The current study has significant implications for the treatment of mTBI as ill-informed and neglected patients are unlikely to return to pre-injury functioning and mental state. Furthermore, a rapidly increasing older population makes immediate attention to mTBI in older adults imperative.

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Smarr, Cory-Ann. "Emotion and motion: age-related differences in recognizing virtual agent facial expressions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42800.

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Technological advances will allow virtual agents to increasingly help individuals with daily activities. As such, virtual agents will interact with users of various ages and experience levels. Facial expressions are often used to facilitate social interaction between agents and humans. However, older and younger adults do not label human or virtual agent facial expressions in the same way, with older adults commonly mislabeling certain expressions. The dynamic formation of facial expression, or motion, may provide additional facial information potentially making emotions less ambiguous. This study examined how motion affects younger and older adults in recognizing various intensities of emotion displayed by a virtual agent. Contrary to the dynamic advantage found in emotion recognition for human faces, older adults had higher emotion recognition for static virtual agent faces than dynamic ones. Motion condition did not influence younger adults' emotion recognition. Younger adults had higher emotion recognition than older adults for the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. Low intensities of expression had lower emotion recognition than medium to high expression intensities.

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Tehan, Jennifer R. "Age-related differences in deceit detection the role of emotion recognition /." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04102006-110201/.

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Buxton, Jennifer Katie. "Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma : the malignant cells and tumour microenvironment in adults of different ages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23401.

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Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) has an annual incidence of 2.4 cases per 100 000 population in the UK, and is one of the most common malignancies diagnosed in young adults aged 15 to 34. The majority of younger patients have a good long-term outcome with between 80 and 90% disease-specific survival but cHL also affects older adults in whom the prognosis is significantly poorer. The role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) in cHL has gained much interest, with several studies reporting an association between high numbers of CD68-positive TAM and poor prognosis. There is also a question over the prognostic significance of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection which is implicated in up to 50% of cHL cases in developed countries. Published data suggests that EBV positivity in elderly patients may be associated with a poorer outcome, whereas in younger adults may be of prognostic benefit. Differences related to age are of interest particularly as an age-related decline in immunity has been linked with the development of certain subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in older patients. In a retrospective study, two separate cohorts of patients with cHL were examined with the aim of identifying: • Differences in the cellular composition of the tumour microenvironment in cHL which has arisen in young and elderly adult patients; • Differences in the cellular composition of the tumour microenvironment in cHL associated with or without EBV infection; • Factors within the tumour microenvironment which may influence prognosis and may be targeted for novel treatments. One group consisted of patients aged between 15 and 34 years at diagnosis and the other, of those aged 60 or over at presentation. Tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis was examined with regard to a number of factors related to the malignant cells and the surrounding microenvironment, including the number and phenotype of macrophages, the number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the number of malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and non-malignant ‘background’ cells undergoing apoptosis. Comparisons were made between the two age groups, also taking into account the EBV-status of tumours, cHL subtype and gender. Results confirmed the current understanding that EBV-positive cHL is more common in older patients and has a strong, but not exclusive, association with the MCHL subtype. In addition, a strong link between young males and EBV-positive disease was shown. Macrophages were found to vary between the two age groups, in number and phenotype and there were clear differences associated with the presence or absence of EBV infection. While no definite link with outcome and macrophages was identified it was apparent that the implications of macrophages in the tumour microenvironment may differ between the two age groups. The number of apoptotic cells correlated closely with the number of macrophages and in the young the number of HRS cells was associated with prognosis. Investigation of the tumour microenvironment is complex and caution is needed in interpreting studies which do not differentiate between patients according to age, as tumour characteristics may have variable implications in different age groups. In this thesis a number of clinicopathological differences were identified between the two age groups. These point to the need for further larger studies to delineate how such age-related differences may or may not be associated with immune function and how this information could be translated into treatments to improve outcomes.

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Wenner, Jennifer Rose. "Predictors of Prosocial Behavior and Civic Involvement: Differences in Middle Aged and Older Adults." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27619.

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Generativity is important for wellbeing throughout middle and late life. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what contributes to generativity during these life stages. Parenting and work are common ways middle age adults engage generatively. However, older adults may not have these opportunities. Those who are grittier, have a greater sense of religious importance, and a stronger sense of community cohesion may be more inclined to engage in prosocial behaviors and civic activities to stay generative. The current study examined whether age group moderated the relation between these variables and prosocial behavior and civic involvement. Data were used from 188 upper-Midwest adults (aged 37-89). Multiple regression analyses showed that age group moderated the relation between grit and prosocial behavior. Logistic regression analysis showed no moderating effects for any predictors of civic involvement. The discussion focuses on future directions and ways to promote generativity using this research.

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Batsakes, Peter J. "Age-related differences in dual-task search: understanding the role of component task learning in skilled performance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7081.

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It is widely held among cognitive aging researchers that older adults are at a disadvantage with respect to the division of attention between two or more concurrent tasks. Some researchers have attributed dual-task performance decrements to reduced processing speed with age while others have attributed declines in dual-task performance to the reduced efficiency of task coordination and control processes. Few researchers, however, have considered the possibility that age-related differences in dual-task performance may be related to underlying differences in the learning mechanisms supporting component task performance. Three studies were conducted which differed in the type of single-task training provided to young and old adult participants: Consistently mapped (CM), variably mapped (VM) and attenuated priority (AP) training. Skilled dual-task performance was then assessed as a function of both component task learning and age through a) the examination of initial and end-level skilled dual-task performance, b) transfer of learning to novel task combination and c) retention capability. It was predicted that type of component task training would moderate age-related differences in skilled dual-task performance. The results were confirmatory, however, were not completely consistent with initial predictions.

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Theeke, Laurie Ann. "Sociodemographic and health-related risks for loneliness and outcome differences by loneliness status in a sample of older U.S. adults." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5400.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 135 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-130).

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Ezer, Neta. "Is a robot an appliance, teammate, or friend? age-related differences in expectations of and attitudes toward personal home-based robots." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26567.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Fisk, Arthur D.; Committee Member: Corso, Gregory; Committee Member: Essa, Irfan A.; Committee Member: Roberts, James S.; Committee Member: Rogers, Wendy A.; Committee Member: Van Ittersum, Koert.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Zortéa, Maxciel. "Metamemória em adultos e em pacientes pós-acidente vascular cerebral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158189.

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Este trabalho investigou processos metamnemônicos de monitoramento e controle, bem como conhecimento e desempenho de memória em diversas condições. O Capítulo I apresenta um paradigma experimental de aprendizado associativo de pares de palavras para avaliação da metamemória. No Capítulo II observou-se que julgamentos de aprendizagem (JOL) tardios foram mais precisos do que imediatos, porém apenas para adultos jovens, em comparação a adultos de idade intermediária. Adultos jovens contaram mais com seus JOLs e seu desempenho de memória prévios para alocação de tempo de estudo (STA), porém apenas na condição JOLs tardios. No Capítulo III, os grupos de pacientes pós-acidente vascular cerebral e controles não se diferenciaram significativamente quanto ao funcionamento metamnemônico. Contudo, uma análise de séries de casos revelou heterogeneidade dos casos e associações e dissociações funcionais entre memória e metamemória, além de uma dissociação dupla entre monitoramento e controle de memória, indicando que lesões à esquerda comprometem o monitoramento, enquanto lesões à direita o controle.
This work investigated metamemory processes of memory monitoring, control, as well as memory knowledge and performance in several conditions. Chapter I presents a paired-words associative learning experimental paradigm to assess metamemory. In Chapter II we observed that delayed judgements of learning (JOLs) were more accurate than immediate JOLs, however only for young adults compared to intermediate age adults. Young adults relied more on theirs previous JOLs and memory performance for the allocation of study-time (STA), though only in the delayed JOLs condition. In Chapter III a group analysis showed no significant differences for metamnemônic measures between stroke patients and controls. Nevertheless, a case series analysis revealed inter-case heterogeneity and functional associations and dissociations between memory and metamemory, in addition to a double dissociation between memory monitoring and control, which suggested that left hemisphere lesions impair the monitoring while right hemisphere lesions impair the control.

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Stein, Cheryl R. Miller William C. "Chlamydial infection among young adults selective screening and partner age difference : an investigation of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,684.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.

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Clay, Coleen. "Adolescents and adults in Jamaica : an analysis of age, socioeconomic and sex difference (a dialectical view of social and political attitudes) /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1987. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10778317.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1987.
Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Samuel Johnson. Dissertation Committee: William Sayres, Michael O'Brien, . Bibliography: leaves 163-180.

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Masterson, Ashley. "Older and Weaker or Older and Wiser: Exploring the Drivers of Performance Differences in Young and Old Adults on Experiential Learning Tasks in the Presence of Veridical Feedback." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/400624.

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Business Administration/Marketing
Ph.D.
This dissertation proposes that while traditional cognitive psychology literature suggests that cognitive function decreases with age, these decreases are dependent on the types of testing being performed. While traditional cognitive tests of memory and processing speed show declines associated with age, this research suggests these declines are not robust across all types of learning. The coming pages present four studies aimed at furthering our understanding of how different age cohorts of consumers learn about products in active and complex marketplaces. Study one reveals an age advantage associated with learning experientially; an interesting and somewhat surprising result that warrants further investigation given the rapid rate at which populations are aging. The additional studies presented here begin that investigation through the application of several psychological theories. This research explores increased vigilance associated with the security motivation system (based on the principles of evolutionary psychology), the possible impact of mortality salience through the application of Terror Management Theory and a positive correlation between age and cognitive control, as possible explanations.
Temple University--Theses

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Doldo, Neil Anthony. "Racial and sex differences in strength, peak power, movement velocity, and functional ability in middle aged and older adults." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2331.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Warren, Brian W. "Connecting the Dots: A Study to Determine the Differences in Diet Quality of Exercising and Non-Exercising Obese, Overweight, Normal Weight, and Underweight Male and Female College Age Individuals." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397179119.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adult age differences'

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