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Lubiewska, Katarzyna, and Fons J. R. Van de Vijver. "Attachment categories or dimensions: The Adult Attachment Scale across three generations in Poland." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 1 (2019): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519860594.
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Even though previous attachment taxometric studies supported the conclusion that attachment is rather dimensional than categorical construct, they also did not provide consistent support against categorical approach. Addressing limitations of previous taxometric studies on adult attachment, we asked two research questions: Is attachment as measured by the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) categorical or dimensional? What is the predictive validity of categorical and dimensional approaches? To answer these questions, data of the AAS from 869 parents, 575 adolescents, and 500 grandmothers from the same families in Poland were analyzed. Taxometric analyses were replicated across three generations providing weak evidences to support the dimensional approach. Clustering methods provided an additional support revealing that empirically derived categories of attachment are based on security level but not on qualitatively different attachment patterns. Analyses testing predictive effects of categorical compared to dimensional approaches to attachment assessment revealed that a dimensional approach is more valid than a categorical approach in testing hypotheses related to the intergenerational transmission of attachment.
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Schmidt, Silke, Bernhard Strauß, Diether Höger, and Elmar Brähler. "Die Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) - Teststatistische Prüfung und Normierung der deutschen Version." PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie 54, no. 9/10 (2004): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-815000.
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Fatmawati, Fatmawati. "DIFFERENCES OF ATTACHMENT STYLES TO FATHERS BETWEEN EARLY ADOLESCENT MALE AND FEMALE." Ar Raniry : International Journal of Islamic Studies 4, no. 2 (2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.20859/jar.v4i2.146.
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<em>Many opinions state that girls have a tendency to be closer to their fathers than boys. This is because fathers usually reveal soft attitude and a kind way of talking toward his daughter. In addition, fathers also succumb to the demands of his daughter. Conversely, with his son, fathers are usually much more 'rough and tough'. So, girls feels more secure to their fathers than boys. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of attachment style to fathers between early adolescent male and female in seventh grade classes of Junior High School 19 Banda Aceh. The number of samples taken were 60 students. A rating scale was used for collecting data, namely Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). The result obtained from the T-Tests showed there was no significant differences of attachment style to fathers between early adolescents male and female in seventh grade classes of Junior High School 19 Banda Aceh. However, early adolescents prefer to have close attachment style with their fathers.</em>
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Manassis, Katharina, Mary Owens, Kenneth S. Adam, Malcolm West, and Adrienne E. Sheldon-Keller. "Assessing Attachment: Convergent Validity of the Adult Attachment Interview and the Parental Bonding Instrument." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 4 (1999): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00560.x.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) can provide information about parent-child attachment that is comparable to information obtained from the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), a more complex measure of attachment. Method: One hundred and thirty emotionally and/or behaviourally disturbed adolescents (73 male, 57 female; ages 13–19 years, × = 15.3 ± 1.47 years) participating in a study of attachment and suicidality completed the PBI and the AAI. Data from these measures were compared within participants. Results: Maternal care and overprotection on the PBI differed significantly by AAI attachment classification (F3,122 = 2.79, p = 0.012), with autonomous participants showing the most optimal and unresolved participants the least optimal PBI results. Maternal love and maternal involvement/role reversal on the AAI were significant predictors of maternal care and maternal overprotection, respectively, on the PBI (R2 = 0.15; R2 = 0.16). These predictions improved when AAI scales measuring idealisation and involving anger towards the mother were included in the regression analyses (R2 = 0.35; R2 = 0.20). Autonomous participants on AAI showed the highest scale correlations across instruments. Conclusions: Attachment information obtained from the PBI and the AAI is comparable in participants with optimal attachment histories, but not in participants showing idealisation or anger towards their mothers. Caution is, therefore, advisable when using the PBI to obtain attachment information in clinical samples where suboptimal attachment histories are likely.
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Moghadam, Fatemeh, Hossein Ebrahimi Moghadam, and Pantea Jahangir. "The Relationship Between Perfectionism, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Attachment Styles, and Body Image Concern by the Mediating Role of Self-esteem in Cosmetic Surgery Applicants." Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care 7, no. 1 (2121): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.7.1.351.1.
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Background: Psychological characteristics could significantly impact applications for cosmetic surgery as well as precognition and satisfaction with surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism, early maladaptive schemas, attachment styles, and body image concern by the mediating role of self-esteem in cosmetic surgery applicants. Methods: This was a predictive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all female applicants for cosmetic surgery referring to cosmetic surgery centers in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. A sample size of 400 women was selected based on Klein’s model (2016). The required data were collected by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (1989), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), and Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations in SPSS and AMOS. Results: The obtained results signified a significant relationship between perfectionism, early maladaptive schemas, attachment styles, self-esteem, and body image concerns (P<0.01). Furthermore, the modified model presented a good fit (The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) =0.061, GFI=0.989, IFI=0.987, P<0.05); the indirect paths of perfectionism, early maladaptive schema, and attachment styles through self-esteem were also significant. Conclusion: The evaluated model indicated a good fit; thus, it can play an essential role in recognizing the factors affecting the body image concerns of female cosmetic surgery applicants.
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Őri, Dorottya, Krisztina Kapornai, Ildikó Baji, and Enikő Kiss. "A Collins–Read Felnőtt Kötődési Skála pszichometriai jellemzőinek vizsgálata." Ideggyógyászati szemle 74, no. 3-4 (2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0087.
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A Collins–Read-féle Felnőtt Kötődési Skála (Adult Attachment Scale, AAS) megbízhatóságának és pszichometriai jellemzőinek vizsgálatát tűztük ki vizsgálatunk céljául. Az AAS-t nemzetközileg széleskörűen használják a felnőtt kötődés jellemzőinek vizsgálatára, azonban érvényességét magyar populáción még nem vizsgálták. Az önkitöltős kérdőív folytonos változóként vizsgálja a kötődési jellemzőket: az eredeti hármas (közelség, függőség, szorongás) és az alternatív kettes (szorongás és elkerülés) felosztás szerint. A pszichometriai mérést 508 fős populáción végeztük, melyben depressziós anamnézisű személyek (n = 264, medián életkor = 25,7 év) és azok nem depressziós testvérei (n = 244, medián életkor = 24,0 év) szerepeltek. A kérdőív belső megbízhatósága a közelség, szorongás és az elkerülés dimenziók esetében elfogadható tartományba esett (Cronbach-α > 0,7), a függőségskála kevéssé bizonyult konzisztensnek (Cronbach-α = 0,62). A kitöltést 14 hónap után ismételve, a teszt-reteszt reliabilitás a teszt minden skáláján megfelelő volt (0,73 és 0,78 között változott). A depressziós és nem depressziós csoport a kérdőív közelség és szorongás dimenzióiban szignifikánsan különbözött egymástól (p < 0,01). Feltáró és megerősítő faktoranalízissel vizsgálva a skála közelség és szorongás dimenziói különültek el egymástól, a függőségskála itemei szórtan helyezkedtek el, a háromfaktoros elgondolás nem nyert megerősítést. Az AAS közelség- és szorongásskálája alkalmazható a kötődési jellemzők vizsgálatára, azonban a kérdőív háromdimenziós struktúrája nem megerősíthető. Eredményeink rámutatnak arra is, hogy a kötődési jellemzők felnőttkorban összefüggést mutatnak a depressziós epizódokkal.
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Civilotti, Cristina, Martina Cussino, Chiara Callerame, Isabel Fernandez, and Maria Zaccagnino. "Changing the Adult State of Mind With Respect to Attachment: An Exploratory Study of the Role of EMDR Psychotherapy." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 13, no. 3 (2019): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.3.176.
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We aimed to assess changes in the attachment internal working model and reflective function (RF) as mechanisms of change in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for patients with traumatic memories. Twenty adult female patients with parenting and relational problems participated in the study. Attachment organization was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the RF coding scale pre- and posttreatment. We found that EMDR therapy increased patients' narrative coherence and RF. We noted a significant decrease in the number of participants classified as unresolved following the course of EMDR treatment in which loss and/or trauma were resolved. This article summarizes the changes after EMDR therapy regarding attachment status and its efficacy to reprocess early traumatic memories in a more adaptive way. Finally, our results also support the usefulness of the AAI as a tool for understanding the changing processes during a therapeutic treatment.
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Wick, Katharina, Steffi Leipold-Haas, Louise Dye, and Bernhard Strauß. "Bindungsmuster, Figurzufriedenheit und auffälliges Essverhalten bei 13- bis 18-jährigen weiblichen und männlichen Jugendlichen." Kindheit und Entwicklung 21, no. 4 (2012): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000088.
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Als potentielle Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Essstörungen sind unsichere Bindung sowie Unzufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Körper bekannt. Diese Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang von Bindungsmustern, Figurzufriedenheit und Essverhalten bei einer nicht-klinischen Stichprobe von Jugendlichen beiderlei Geschlechts. Folgende Variablen wurden bei 13- bis 18-jährigen Mädchen und Jungen (n = 851) an neun Schulen in Jena (Thüringen) erhoben: Bindungsmuster (dt. Version der Adult Attachment Scale, AAS), Figurzufriedenheit (Stunkard Skalen) und Essverhalten (dt. Version des Eating Attitudes Test, EAT-26D). In einem Gesamtmodell stellt die Einschätzung zu dick zu sein das größte Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Essstörung dar (OR = 8,9), gefolgt vom weiblichen Geschlecht (OR = 3,9), Übergewicht (OR = 3,4) sowie unsicherer Bindung (OR = 2,6). Die Ergebnisse bestätigen den positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Bindungsmuster, Figurzufriedenheit und Essverhalten auch für eine jugendliche, nicht-klinische Stichprobe von Jungen und Mädchen und ergeben damit wichtige Implikationen für primär- und sekundärpräventive Interventionen.
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Höger, Diether, and Stephan Buschkämper. "Der Bielefelder Fragebogen zu Partnerschaftserwartungen." Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie 23, no. 1 (2002): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0170-1789.23.1.83.
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Zusammenfassung: Die wesentlichen Methoden zur Erfassung von “Bindungsstilen” werden vor dem Hintergrund diskutiert, dass Operationalisierungen die Modellvorstellungen der zugehörigen Theorie möglichst getreu abbilden sollten. Da “Bindungsstile” als umschriebene Reaktionsmuster in bindungsrelevanten Situationen definiert sind ( Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978 ), erscheinen Prototypen im Sinne charakteristischer Konfigurationen von Merkmalen als die bestgeeignete Basis für die Operationalisierung. Eine an diesem Prinzip orientierte Clusteranalyse anhand des “Bielefelder Fragebogens zu Klientenerwartungen (BFKE)” ( Höger, 1999 ) mit den Skalen “Akzeptanzprobleme”, “Öffnungsbereitschaft” und “Zuwendungsbedürfnis” hatte fünf Bindungsmuster identifiziert: “sicher” sowie je zwei Varianten des “unsicher-ambivalenten” (“verschossen” und “anklammernd”) und des “unsicher-vermeidenden” Musters (“verschlossen” und “kooperationsbereit”). Um den Anwendungsbereich dieses Verfahrens zu erweitern, wurden die auf die Person des Therapeuten bezogenen Items auf die Partnerin/den Partner hin umformuliert und an einer Stichprobe von N = 402 überprüft. Eine Faktorenanalyse ergab zum BFKE äquivalente Resultate. Eine erste Validierung erfolgt anhand einer deutschen Übersetzung der “Adult Attachment Scale (AAS)” ( Collins & Read, 1990 ).
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McClure, Margaret M., and Megan Parmenter. "Childhood Trauma, Trait Anxiety, and Anxious Attachment as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in College Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (2017): 6067–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517721894.
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The current study investigates the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood trauma, trait anxiety, depression, and anxious attachment in college students. Ninety-three male and 161 female undergraduate students at Fairfield University, ranging in age from 17 to 23, with a mean age of 18.8 years, participated. Participants completed five self-report inventories: The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). IPV perpetration in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and trait anxiety. IPV victimization in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, childhood emotional and physical neglect, and an anxious attachment style. IPV perpetration and victimization were also significantly correlated with one another. Subscale analyses suggest that childhood emotional abuse was related to being both the perpetrator and victim of verbal or emotional abuse in dating relationships. Childhood physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were related to both perpetration and victimization of physical IPV. Threatening behavior perpetration in dating relationships was related to childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect; however, being the victim of threatening behavior was only related to childhood emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, not childhood physical abuse. These results support the relationship between childhood trauma and dating violence in college students. They also support a role for anxiety in IPV, although trait anxiety was related to perpetration and an anxious attachment style was correlated with IPV victimization. In addition, they suggest that different experiences of childhood trauma may relate to different aspects of IPV in college dating relationships.
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Besharat, Mohammad Ali, and Vahideh Shahidi. "Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Alexithymia." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 2 (2014): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i2.671.
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The main objective of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia. Five hundred and thirty six undergraduate students (282 girls, 254 boys) from public universities in Tehran participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The results illustrated a significant negative correlation between secure attachment style and alexithymia. Moreover, the results revealed a significant positive correlation between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with alexithymia. Regression analysis showed that both adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, have a mediating role on the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia. Secure and insecure attachment styles predicted changes in alexithymia through adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in opposite directions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia is partial.
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Jungbauer, Johannes, Kathrin Kaufmann, Deborah Metz, and Nicola Großheinrich. "Bindungsstile bei erwachsenen Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern." Psychiatrische Praxis 46, no. 07 (2019): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0945-3542.
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ZusammenfassungIn einer Online-Studie wurden 296 erwachsene Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern befragt. Das Anliegen der Studie war es, die Bindungsmuster der interviewten Personen zu erfassen und hiervon ausgehend mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen berichteten Kindheitserfahrungen und den erwachsenen Bindungsrepräsentationen zu untersuchen. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Fassung der „Adult Attachment Scales (AAS-R)“ verwendet, um grundlegende erwachsene Bindungsdimensionen zu erheben. Erwachsene Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern zeigten im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung niedrigere Werte in der Dimension „Nähe/Vertrauen“ und höhere Werte in der Dimension „Angst“. Einem klinisch relevanten ängstlich-vermeidenden Bindungsstil konnten 39 % der Befragten zugeordnet werden. Als signifikante Prädiktoren für den erwachsenen Bindungstyp erwiesen sich die in der Kindheit erlebte Sicherheit, Kommunikationsdefizite in der Familie sowie Stigmatisierungserfahrungen. In der abschließenden Diskussion der Untersuchungsergebnisse werden Bezüge zur Praxis hergestellt, indem Interventionsvorschläge für erwachsene Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern dargestellt werden.
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Rutimann, Daniel D., and Kevin B. Meehan. "Validity of a Brief Interview for Assessing Reflective Function." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 60, no. 3 (2012): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065112445616.
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The Reflective Function Scale was developed by Fonagy and colleagues (1998) to empirically measure the capacity to mentalize thoughts, intentions, feelings, and beliefs about oneself and others. Reflective Function (RF) has been reliably measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main and Goldwyn 1998), but its length (45–90 minutes) and the labor required to administer, transcribe, and code for RF may be prohibitive for many research studies. The present study measured the reliability and validity of the Brief Reflective Function Interview (BRFI; Rudden, Milrod, and Target 2005) by administering it to 27 undergraduate participants previously assessed using the AAI in another research study (Morrison 2010). The BRFI was coded reliably by two independent raters (ICC = .79) and yielded a highly significant positive correlation ( r = .71) between RF scores obtained by BRFI and by AAI. The average administration time of the BRFI ( M = 24.15 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of the AAI ( M = 44.65 minutes). These findings suggest that the BRFI may offer a reliable, valid, and streamlined alternative to the AAI as a measure for coding RF.
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Raby, K. Lee, Heather A. Yarger, Teresa Lind, R. Chris Fraley, Esther Leerkes, and Mary Dozier. "Attachment states of mind among internationally adoptive and foster parents." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 2 (2017): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000049.
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AbstractThe first aim of the current study was to examine the latent structure of attachment states of mind as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) among three groups of parents of children at risk for insecure attachments: parents who adopted internationally (N= 147), foster parents (N= 300), and parents living in poverty and involved with Child Protective Services (CPS;N= 284). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the state of mind rating scales loaded on two factors reflecting adults’ preoccupied and dismissing states of mind. Taxometric analyses indicated the variation in adults’ preoccupied states of mind was more consistent with a dimensional than a categorical model, whereas results for dismissing states of mind were indeterminate. The second aim was to examine the degree to which the attachment states of mind of internationally adoptive and foster parents differ from those of poverty/CPS-referred parents and low-risk parents. After controlling for parental age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, (a) internationally adoptive parents had lower scores on the dismissing dimension than the sample of community parents described by Haltigan, Leerkes, Supple, and Calkins (2014); (b) foster parents did not differ from community parents on either the dismissing or the preoccupied AAI dimension; and (c) both internationally adoptive and foster parents had lower scores on the preoccupied dimension than poverty/CPS-referred parents. Analyses using the traditional AAI categories provided convergent evidence that (a) internationally adoptive parents were more likely to be classified as having an autonomous state of mind than low-risk North American mothers based on Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn's (2009) meta-analytic estimates, (b) the rates of autonomous states of mind did not differ between foster and low-risk parents, and (c) both internationally adoptive and foster parents were less likely to be classified as having a preoccupied state of mind than poverty/CPS-referred parents.
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Maier, Markus A., Annie Bernier, Reinhard Pekrun, Peter Zimmermann, and Klaus E. Grossmann. "Attachment working models as unconscious structures: An experimental test." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 2 (2004): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000398.
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Internal working models of attachment (IWMs) are presumed to be largely unconscious representations of childhood attachment experiences. Several instruments have been developed to assess IWMs; some of them are based on self-report and others on narrative interview techniques. This study investigated the capacity of a self-report measure, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA; Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), and of a narrative interview method, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985), to measure unconscious attachment models. We compared scores on the two attachment instruments to response latencies in an attachment priming task. It was shown that attachment organisation assessed by the AAI correlates with priming effects, whereas the IPPA scales were inversely or not related to priming. The results are interpreted as support for the assumption that the AAI assesses, to a certain degree, unconscious working models of attachment.
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Hanak, Natasa. "Construction of the new instrument for assessment of adult and adolescence attachment." Psihologija 37, no. 1 (2004): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0401123h.
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This paper describes the development of new instrument for assessment of adult and adolescent attachment. An attempt has been made to integrate development-clinical and social personality models in attachment research, and to construct Questionnaire for Assessment of Adult and Adolescent Attachment (in original - UPIPAV). UPIPAV scales were developed on the basis of a) analysis of the critiques and deficiencies of available self-report instruments; b) characteristics of coding scales for AAI (Adult Attachment Interview); and c) theoretical analysis of relevant attachment phenomena. We present results of the research that brought us to the final form of the Questionnaire. The final form consists of six scales: fear of loss of external secure base, parent idealization, unresolved family traumatization, negative self concept, negative other concept and use of external secure base. The critical assessment of the Questionnaire and recommendations for further improvement are given at the end of the paper. The enhanced version of UPIPAV might have only four scales: self model, other model, use of the external secure base and the existence of the internal secure base.
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Raby, K. Lee, Madelyn H. Labella, Jodi Martin, Elizabeth A. Carlson, and Glenn I. Roisman. "Childhood abuse and neglect and insecure attachment states of mind in adulthood: Prospective, longitudinal evidence from a high-risk sample." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 2 (2017): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000037.
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AbstractThe present report used data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation to investigate the factor structure and childhood abuse and/or neglect related antecedents of adults’ attachment states of mind in a high-risk sample. Adult Attachment Interviews (AAIs) were collected when participants were age 26 years (N= 164) and Current Relationship Interviews (CRIs) were collected from participants (N= 116) and their romantic partners when target participants were between ages 20 and 28 years (M= 25.3 years). For both the AAI and the CRI, exploratory factor analyses revealed that (a) attachment state of mind scales loaded on two weakly correlated dimensions reflecting dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and (b) ratings of unresolved discourse loaded on the same factor as indicators of preoccupied states of mind. Experiencing any subtype of abuse and/or neglect, especially during multiple developmental periods, and experiencing multiple subtypes of abuse and/or neglect during childhood were associated with risk for preoccupied (but not dismissing) AAI states of mind regarding childhood relationships with caregivers. Analyses focused on the particular subtypes, and perpetrators indicated that the predictive significance of childhood abuse/neglect for adult's AAI preoccupied states of mind was specific to experiences of abuse (but not neglect) perpetrated by primary caregivers. In addition, experiencing chronic or multiple subtypes of childhood abuse and/or neglect increased risk for dismissing (but not preoccupied) CRI states of mind regarding adult romantic partners.
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ANAFARTA ŞENDAĞ, Meltem, and Funda KUTLU. "Adult Daughter-Mother Attachment: Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Adult Attachment Scale." Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi 10, no. 4 (2019): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21031/epod.553763.
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Draper, Thomas W., Thomas B. Holman, Whitney White, and Shannon Grandy. "Adult Attachment and Declining Birthrates." Psychological Reports 100, no. 1 (2007): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.1.19-23.
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Attachment scores for 658 young adults living in the USA were obtained using the Experiences in Close Relationships scale. The participants came from a subsample of the RELATE data set, who had also filled out the adult attachment measure. Those young adults living in Utah County, Utah, an area of the country with a higher than normal birthrate (88% members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), also had higher than average adult attachment scores. While the methodology was not sufficient to assess causal direction nor eliminate the possibility of unidentified influences, an undiscussed psychological factor, adult attachment, may play a role in the numerical declines observed among nonimmigrant communities in the USA and Europe.
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Wang, Ta-Wei. "Adult Attachment and Forgiveness in Taiwanese College Students." Psychological Reports 103, no. 1 (2008): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.1.161-169.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between measures of adult attachment and forgiveness in college students in Taiwan. Participants (203 women and 82 men; M age = 19.6 yr., SD =1.2) completed measures of adult attachment dimensions (Adult Attachment Scale), State Forgiveness (Forgiveness Scale), and Trait Forgiveness (Forgiveness Likelihood Scale). Pearson correlations and regression results indicated ratings on three dimensions of adult attachment, Dependence, Anxiety, and Closeness, were significantly related to State Forgiveness, and all but scores on Dependence were significantly related to scores on Trait Forgiveness. Only ratings of Anxiety and Closeness significantly predicted those on State and Trait Forgiveness. The findings provided partial support for using attachment theory to understand the construct of forgiveness.
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Upson-Parra, Hilary. "Development and Validation of the Adult Attachment Scale: Assessing Attachment in Elderly Adults." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 11, no. 1 (1990): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612849009014546.
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Sargent-Cox, Kerry A., Masori Rippon, and Richard A. Burns. "Measuring anxiety about aging across the adult lifespan." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 1 (2013): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213001798.
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ABSTRACTBackground:The development of instruments to measure aging attitudes is an essential part of research into the role of individual differences in the aging process, giving clarification to the relationship between attitudes and behavior across the lifespan. Here we test the structural validity of Lasher and Faulkender's (1993) Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS), and explore measurement invariance across age and gender.Methods:A sample of 783 adults (42% females) age ranging from 20 to 97 years (M = 57.3, SD = 13.66) participated.Results:The first-order four-factor AAS model reflecting the original Lasher and Faulkender (1993) structure showed a better fit to the data than the second-order model. Measurement invariance for both gender and age groups (young adults 20–44 years; mid-aged adults 45–64 years, older adults 65+ years old) was found for three of the factors, but not for all items in the Fear of Losses factor. Structural covariance inequality between the Fear of Losses and Physical Appearance factors was shown between males and females.Conclusions:Findings indicate that the original AAS measures four distinct dimensions of anxiety about aging. These dimensions were shown to be generally comparable across age and gender, indicating that the AAS is a suitable measure for providing meaningful comparison of anxiety about aging across the lifespan. The exception is the Fear of Losses factor, where items may have differential meanings across groups based on cultural and social attitudes regarding aging and gender.
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Teixeira, Rachel Coelho Ripardo, José Henrique Benedetti Piccoli Ferreira, and Anna Beatriz Carnielli Howat-Rodrigues. "Collins and Read Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) validity evidences." Psico 50, no. 2 (2019): 29567. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2019.2.29567.
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This study aimed to find validity evidence of different versions of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) that measures adult attachment style and have been translated into Portuguese, in order to obtain a final version of the instrument for application in a Brazilian sample. We used the original version of the RAAS and its recent variations. Four independent studies were held, with a total of 1436 participants, mostly young adults from the states of São Paulo and Bahia. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses corroborated the validity of the three-factor structure (secure, anxious and avoidant) from the scale, with satisfactory indexes for Brazilian data. We found differences in frequency of attachment styles between sexes, confirming evolutionary hypotheses of intersexual variation. The scales showed satisfactory evidence of validity, and it is advised to use its latest version to measure adult attachment. *** Evidências de validade da Escala de Apego Adulto de Collins e Read (RAAS) ***Este estudo teve o objetivo de encontrar evidências de validade de diferentes versões da Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) que aferem o estilo de apego adulto e que foram traduzidas para a língua portuguesa, a fim de buscar uma versão final do instrumento para aplicação em uma amostra brasileira. Usou-se a versão original da RAAS e suas variações recentes. Realizamos quatro estudos independentes, com um total de 1436 participantes, sendo majoritariamente adultos jovens dos estados de São Paulo e da Bahia. Análises exploratórias e confirmatórias corroboraram a validade da estrutura de três fatores (seguro, ansioso e evitativo) da escala, apresentando índices satisfatórios para os dados brasileiros. Diferenças na frequência entre os sexos em relação aos estilos de apego foram encontradas, confirmando hipóteses evolucionistas de variação intersexual. As escalas apresentaram evidências satisfatórias de validade, e aconselhamos o uso da versão mais recente.Palavras-chave: apego adulto; validação de escala; estilo de relacionamento.
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Ren, Zhen, Dengfeng Wang, Anbo Yang, Meng Li, and Louise T. Higgins. "Implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers in a Chinese context." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, no. 5 (2011): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.5.701.
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In this study we explored the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers and the validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) as a tool for measuring adult attachment in a Chinese context. Conscious and explicit adult attachment were assessed using 2 multiple self-report measures; namely, the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). The implicit processes of adult attachment were assessed using 2 IATs, which were developed based on the 2-dimensional attachment model (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Self-esteem, as measured by the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and subjective well-being, as measured by the Face Scale (Andrews & Withey, 1976), were designed as potential correlates of the implicit and explicit attachment measures. Fifty-six undergraduates participated in this study, and it was concluded that both the Self-IAT and the Other-IAT (1) could be used to measure adult attachment with satisfactory reliability and validity; (2) were significantly related to the 2 dimensions of adult attachment, as measured by the RQ and the ECR; (3) correlated significantly positively with subjective well-being, but not with explicit self-esteem. We concluded that implicit and explicit attachment measures might represent different aspects of the same underlying construct.
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Iwasa, Kazunori, and Toshiki Ogawa. "The Relationship Between Texture Responses on the Rorschach and Adult Attachment." Rorschachiana 31, no. 1 (2010): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000002.
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We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that – at least in Japan – T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.
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BURGE, DORLI, CONSTANCE HAMMEN, JOANNE DAVILA, et al. "The relationship between attachment cognitions and psychological adjustment in late adolescent women." Development and Psychopathology 9, no. 1 (1997): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001119.
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This longitudinal study of 137 female high school seniors investigated the relationship of attachment cognitions, current psychological functioning, and psychological functioning 12 months later. Attachment cognitions, assessed with the Revised Adult Attachment Scale and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, were significantly associated with current symptomatology. The Revised Adult Attachment Scale, in interaction with initial symptomatology, predicted depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and personality disorders 12 months later. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment parent subscales predicted eating disorder and personality disorder symptomatology, whereas the peer subscales predicted substance abuse, eating disorder, and personality disorder symptomatology.
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Iwasa, Kazunori, and Toshiki Ogawa. "Rorschach Texture Responses Are Related to Adult Attachment via Tactile Imagery and Emotion." Rorschachiana 34, no. 2 (2013): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000045.
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This study examined an underlying mechanism of the relationships among Rorschach texture responses and adult attachment dimensions (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance), focusing on the vividness of tactile imagery and emotion as mediators. In Study 1, Japanese undergraduate students (n = 20) completed the Rorschach and the Vividness of Tactile Imagery Scale. A poisson regression analysis revealed that greater vividness of tactile imagery was associated with an increased number of texture responses. In Study 2, Japanese undergraduate students (n = 224) completed the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale for the Generalized Other and the Vividness of Tactile Imagery Scale. A path analysis revealed that attachment avoidance weakened the strength of emotional responses accompanying the generation of tactile imagery, and greater emotional responses enhanced the vividness of tactile imagery. These results suggest the possibility that attachment avoidance indirectly reduces texture responses on the Rorschach.
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Zajac, Kristyn, and Roger Kobak. "Caregiver unresolved loss and abuse and child behavior problems: Intergenerational effects in a high-risk sample." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 1 (2009): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940900011x.
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AbstractThis study examines the intergenerational effects of caregivers' unresolved loss and abuse on children's behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence in an economically disadvantaged sample. One hundred twenty-four caregivers completed the Adult Attachment Interbiew (AAI) and a lifetime trauma interview during the age 13 wave of the study. Child behavior problems were assessed at four time points (ages 6, 8, 10, and 13) with teacher-reported Child Behavior Checklist total problem scales. The children of insecure caregivers with unresolved loss showed a consistent pattern of increased behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence. Caregivers' AAI status accounted for more variance in child behavior problems than did an alternative model of caregiver psychopathology (depression and dissociation). The results extend the literature on the effects of caregiver unresolved states of mind beyond infancy to older children and adolescents.
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Nakao, Tatsuma, and Kazuo Kato. "Constructing the Japanese version of the Adult Attachment Style Scale (ECR)." Japanese journal of psychology 75, no. 2 (2004): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.75.154.
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Tasso, Anthony F., Donalee Brown, Robert Griffo, and Ketrin Saud Maxwell. "The Use of the Adult Attachment Scale with Domestically Violent Men." Journal of Family Violence 27, no. 8 (2012): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-012-9466-9.
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Scrima, Fabrizio, Liliane Rioux, and Lucrezia Lorito. "Three-Factor Structure of Adult Attachment in the Workplace: Comparison of British, French, and Italian Samples." Psychological Reports 115, no. 2 (2014): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/49.pr0.115c25z2.
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The goal was to compare three-factor and two-factor solutions and construct validity of the Adult Attachment in the Workplace (AAW) questionnaire. Participants were 660 volunteers from three countries (France, Italy, and Great Britain). The two-factor model of Neustadt, Chamorro-Premuzic, & Furnham (2006) and the three-factor theoretical model of Collins and Read (1990) were compared. Construct validity was assessed by calculating correlations among the two- and three-factor AAW, the Workplace Attachment Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Scale. The three-factor structure differentiated between the three attachment styles, i.e., secure, preoccupied, and avoidant. There were moderate, significant correlations between AAW, workplace attachment, and affective commitment. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor structure fit the data better. Furthermore, the AAW, the Workplace Attachment Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Scale can be considered independent. In line with previous empirical evidence, a further distinction is noted between avoidant and preoccupied styles in the workplace.
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Bowman, Ashley D., and Geoffrey W. Sutton. "Marital Satisfaction and Relational Attachment in a Sample of Newly Married Couples." Psychological Reports 95, no. 3 (2004): 989–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.3.989-991.
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The purpose was to investigate possible correlates [perception of parental marital satisfaction (Relationship Assessment Scale), marital status of parents, participation in marital enrichment, current stress, and sex] of marital satisfaction (Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and relational attachment (Revised Adult Attachment Scale). 71 young couples ( M age = 25.3 yr., SD = 3.2) in their first ten years of marriage completed the measures. Backward regression analysis indicated that marital status of parents, participation in marital enrichment, current stress, and sex accounted for a significant portion of the variance for the Anxiety subscale of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale. None of the models significantly accounted for the variance on the measure of marital satisfaction.
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Tenelshof, Judith K., and James L. Furrow. "The Role of Secure Attachment in Predicting Spiritual Maturity of Students at a Conservative Seminary." Journal of Psychology and Theology 28, no. 2 (2000): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710002800202.
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Previous research on attachment relationships suggests that early parental interactions generate internalized models of self and others–-models which are carried forward in later relationships. In order to investigate the relationships between secure attachment styles and their collective influence on spiritual maturity, a survey of 216 seminary students was conducted using the Parental Bonding Instrument, Adult Attachment Scale, and the Faith Maturity Index. Secure adult attachment styles were predicted to relate positively with spiritual maturity. Findings of the study suggest that adult measures of secure attachment styles are correlated with faith maturity. Measures of parental bonding evidenced minimal associations with adult attachment styles and were weaker correlates of faith maturity. Secure adult attachment was a stronger predictor of faith maturity when compared to measures of parental bonding. Implications are offered for religious training institutions, the church, and the community.
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Mckeown, Annette, Jane Clarbour, Rebecca Heron, and Nicholas D. Thomson. "Attachment, Coping, and Suicidal Behavior in Male Prisoners." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 4 (2016): 566–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816683742.
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The present study explored the differences between adult male prisoners with and without a history of suicidal behavior on adult attachment dimensions, coping styles, and hopelessness. The role of adult attachment and coping styles as predictors of hopelessness was also explored. The sample included 206 male prisoners from two Category B prisons in the United Kingdom. The Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ), Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ-3), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) measured attachment, coping, and hopelessness. Prisoners with a history of suicidal behavior reported significantly higher levels of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and maladaptive coping strategies. Elevated levels of attachment difficulties and maladaptive coping styles were associated with heightened levels of hopelessness. Emotional coping strategies mediated the influence of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on hopelessness. The study highlights the potential utility of adult attachment conceptualizations and coping skills interventions with prisoners at risk of suicidal behavior.
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Langton, Calvin M., Zuwaina Murad, and Bianca Humbert. "Childhood Sexual Abuse, Attachments in Childhood and Adulthood, and Coercive Sexual Behaviors in Community Males." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 3 (2016): 207–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215583853.
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Associations between self-reported coercive sexual behavior against adult females, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and child–parent attachment styles, as well as attachment with adult romantic partners, were examined among 176 adult community males. Attachment style with each parent and with romantic partners was also investigated as a potential moderator. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, avoidant attachment with mothers in childhood (and also with fathers, in a second model) accounted for a significant amount of the variance in coercive sexual behavior controlling for scores on anxious ambivalent and disorganized/disoriented attachment scales, as predicted. Similarly, in a third model, avoidance attachment in adulthood was a significant predictor of coercive sexual behavior controlling for scores on the anxiety attachment in adulthood scale. These main effects for avoidant and avoidance attachment were not statistically significant when CSA and control variables (other types of childhood adversity, aggression, antisociality, and response bias) were added in each of the models. But the interaction between scales for CSA and avoidance attachment in adulthood was significant, demonstrating incremental validity in a final step, consistent with a hypothesized moderating function for attachment in adulthood. The correlation between CSA and coercive sexual behavior was .60 for those with the highest third of avoidance attachment scores (i.e., the most insecurely attached on this scale), .24 for those with scores in the middle range on the scale, and .01 for those with the lowest third of avoidance attachment scores (i.e., the most securely attached). Implications for study design and theory were discussed.
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Berry, Katherine, Paul Fleming, Samantha Wong, and Sandra Bucci. "Associations between Trauma, Dissociation, Adult Attachment and Proneness to Hallucinations." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 3 (2017): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000716.
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Background: Childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment have all been implicated in the development of hallucinations or ‘voice-hearing’. Testing psychological models in relation to subclinical phenomena, such as proneness to hallucinations in non-clinical samples, provides a convenient methodology to develop understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms. Aims: This paper investigates the relative contribution of childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment in explaining hallucination proneness in a non-clinical sample. Methods: Students and staff with no previous contact with secondary care at the University of Manchester were recruited. Participants completed a series of self-report measures: the Launay‒Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experiences Schedule (DES II) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: As hypothesized, insecure attachment, childhood adversity and dissociative symptoms were correlated with hallucination proneness. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for confounds of age and negative affect, indicated that the RSQ, CTQ and DES II predicted hallucination proneness. Only DES II and RSQ avoidant attachment were significant independent predictors in the final model. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence to support the idea that attachment and dissociation are important psychological mechanisms involved in voice-hearing proneness. Further testing is required with a clinical population.
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Trub, Leora, and Baptiste Barbot. "The paradox of phone attachment: Development and validation of the Young Adult Attachment to Phone Scale (YAPS)." Computers in Human Behavior 64 (November 2016): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.050.
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Delvecchio, Elisa, Daniela Di Riso, Adriana Lis, and Silvia Salcuni. "Adult Attachment, Social Adjustment, and Well-Being in Drug-Addicted Inpatients." Psychological Reports 118, no. 2 (2016): 587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116639181.
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In recent years, attachment studies have gathered overwhelming evidence for a relation between insecure attachment and drug addiction. The existing literature predominantly addresses attachment styles and little attention is given to attachment-pattern–oriented studies. The current study explored how attachment, social adjustment, and well-being interact in 40 (28 men, 12 women; ages 20–52 years, M = 32.3, SD = 9.4) inpatients with drug addiction. The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), the Social Adjustment Scale–Self-report (SAS-SR), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were administered. Descriptive statistics were computed as well as differences between patterns of attachment in all variables were measured. None of the inpatients showed a secure attachment pattern: 7 scored as dismissing (18%), 5 preoccupied (12%) and 28 unresolved (70%). AAP stories were mainly connected with themes of danger, lack of protection, and helplessness. Inpatients classified as unresolved reported significantly higher maladjustment on the SAS-SR and GHQ-28 than those with resolved attachment patterns. Implications for clinicians and researchers are presented.
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Fernández, Ana María, and Michele Dufey. "Adaptation of Collins' revised adult attachment dimensional scale to the Chilean context." Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 28, no. 2 (2015): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7153.201528204.
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Cordon, Shari L., and Sara J. Finney. "Measurement Invariance of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale Across Adult Attachment Style." Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 40, no. 4 (2008): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2008.11909817.
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Lasher, Kathleen P., and Patricia J. Faulkender. "Measurement of Aging Anxiety: Development of the Anxiety about Aging Scale." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 37, no. 4 (1993): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1u69-9au2-v6lh-9y1l.
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This research is based on the premise that aging anxiety is an important mediating factor in attitudes and behavior toward elderly individuals as well as a mediating factor in adjustment to one's own aging processes. The combined concern and anticipation of losses centered around the aging process constitute aging anxiety. This article proposes a multidimensional aging anxiety model, develops a measurement of this model, and assesses the factorial validity of the model. The original eighty-four item Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) was developed to assess four dimensions of aging and three types of fears. A principal components analysis of data collected from 312 adult volunteers revealed the presence of four interpretable factors: 1) Fear of Old People, 2) Psychological Concerns, 3) Physical Appearance, and 4) Fear of Loss. Items were eliminated to strengthen this factor structure and resulted in the retention of twenty items. Men were significantly more anxious about aging than were women on the AAS. Correlates of the four factors and implications for further research are discussed.
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Karayagiz, Saban, and Timucin Aktan. "Investigation of the Relationships Between Paranormal Beliefs, Parental Bonding, and Adult Attachment of University Students." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 39, no. 3 (2019): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236619831629.
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Paranormal beliefs are of interest for the college students especially studying psychology and philosophy. In addition, attitudes such as parental bonding and adult attachment affect levels of paranormal beliefs. Exploring the relationships among these principal themes is of great importance in illuminating possible effects of students’ attachments and bonding toward the development of paranormal beliefs. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among students’ parental attachment, relationship attitude, and paranormal beliefs; 239 university students responded to the items in three separate questionnaires, the Paranormal Belief Scale, parental bonding, and adult attachment survey. The research findings showed that a significant relationship exists between paranormal beliefs and attachment attitudes in the favor of females. In terms of the relationship between paranormal beliefs and adult attachment, the results also revealed that they have akin relationships between adult attachment and parental bonding. Although adult relationships affect paranormal beliefs, no significant correlation was found among three areas possible because the effect of parental bonding is limited in the long term.
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Hu, Wenpeng. "The relationship between adult attachment and love concept of college students: a moderated mediator model." SHS Web of Conferences 60 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196001009.
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In order to explore the influencing factors of college students' love view, this study used love questionnaire, adult attachment scale and interpersonal trust scale to investigate 790 college students. It was found that the adult attachment is dependent love view and interpersonal trust. There is a linear correlation between them; for girls, interpersonal trust and love are also linearly related, but not for boys; for girls, interpersonal trust depends on the closeness dimension, anxiety dimension and love concept of adult attachment .There is an intermediary role between them; for boys, interpersonal trust does not have an intermediary role. In summary, there is a gender difference in the mediating effect of interpersonal trust, that is, gender has a moderating effect. The results of this study provide a certain theoretical support for better exploring the influencing factors and mechanisms of the concept of love from the perspective of growth factors.
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Kafetsios, Konstantinos, and Evangelia Kateri. "Adult attachment, cultural orientation, and well-being in Greece." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 25, no. 1 (2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25345.
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Social bonds and relationships are important determinants of well-being and happiness. Peoples’ propensities for relating to individual and cultural levels can partially account for variations in well-being in different cultures. The present paper examined how adult attachment orientations, a seminal aspect of relating, and independent and interdependent self-construal, a cultural category of social relations, interrelate at an individual level to explain well-being in Greece. In a large-scale community study state secure attachment and independent and interdependent cultural orientations were all positively associated with well-being. As expected, the two relating constructs intersected so that higher interdependence was associated with higher anxiety and lower avoidance in line with expectations. Importantly, the interaction between interdependence and anxious attachment accounted for an additional part of the variance in well-being: participants higher in anxiety and interdependence had higher well-being whereas the inverse was true for participants higher in anxiety and independence. These results point to culture-specific patterns in how central relating schemas contribute to well-being[1].
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Michaeel A., Alghamdi, Al Qudah Mohammad F., Albursan Ismael S., Abduljabbar Adel S., and Bakhiet Salaheldin F. "Predictive Ability of Social Intelligence from Attachment Styles." International Journal of Psychological Studies 8, no. 4 (2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n4p131.
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<p>With our present study we aimed to explore the prevalent attachment styles among female university students and to investigate the extent to which attachment styles (secure, avoidant and anxious-ambivalent) may interpret differences in Social Intelligence (SI). Our subjects were 404 female students randomly selected from the preparatory year and the fourth year at King Saud University in Riyadh. We used and extracted the psychometric characteristics of the Adult Attachment Styles Scale and the Social Intelligence Scale. Data revealed that the most prevalent attachment style among our sample of students at King Saud University was secure attachment followed by avoidant and then anxious-ambivalent attachment. Analysis of multiple regression showed that both secure and anxious-ambivalent attachment contributed significantly to predicting SI. Avoidant attachment, on the other hand, did not prove to be a strong SI predictor.</p>
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Moalla, M., I. Feki, A. Ktata, et al. "Attachment representations in a population of elderly subjects." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.421.
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IntroductionAccording to attachment theory, attachment relationships have a lasting impact on the functioning of the individual. If this impact has been much studied in children, few studies have been conducted in the elderly.ObjectivesExplore the representations of attachment in a population of elderly subjects.MethodsThe sample consists of 90 consultants over the age of 65. Each participant filled out demographic questionnaire, Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ): questionnaire of 13 items, each item rated from 1 to 5, a lower score attests a more secure attachment and Adult Attachment Questionnaire: a categorical scale of 3 statements. Statement 1 corresponds to secure attachment style, 2 to avoidant attachment style and 3 to anxious-ambivalent attachment style.ResultsThe age of participants ranged from 65 to 95 years with an average of 68.14. The sex ratio M:F was 0.8. The RSQ Score ranged from 16 to 56 with an average of 37.27. Of the participants, 72.2% have secure attachment style, 24.4% have an avoidant attachment style and 3.3% have an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. The study of correlations showed strong correlation between the two scales (P = 0.00) and the RSQ score was significantly associated with poor satisfaction of married life (P = 0.025), presence of psychological trauma in childhood (P = 0.016) and a separation experience (P = 0.029).ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of early childhood experiences that may impact late adult life. These finding are in accordance with attachment theory.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Fišerová, Anna, Vojtěch Fiala, Dan Fayette, and Jitka Lindová. "The self-fulfilling prophecy of insecurity: Mediation effects of conflict communication styles on the association between adult attachment and relationship adjustment." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 4 (2021): 1279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407521988974.
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This study examines associations between the dimensions of insecure attachment (anxiety, avoidance) and dyadic adjustment, with a potential mediating effect of conflict communication style. Dyadic analyses and mediation tests were performed on data from 97 Czech and Slovak long-term heterosexual couples. Attachment dimensions were measured by Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised measure (ECR-R-16), six conflict communication styles by the Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS), and dyadic adjustment by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). We confirmed previous findings according to which in both sexes, attachment anxiety and avoidance have a negative effect on dyadic adjustment. We also found that women’s anxiety is negatively associated with their partner’s dyadic adjustment. Our mediation tests showed that in both sexes, the association between attachment anxiety and low dyadic adjustment was partially mediated by a reactive conflict communication style. Moreover, the association between attachment avoidance and low dyadic adjustment in women was partially mediated by both the reactive and compromising communication styles. These results are discussed in the context of behavioral and emotional characteristics of both attachment insecurities and gender differences in interpersonal behavior.
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SakinehJulaieha, MahnazAliakbari Dehkordi, Farhad Shagaghi, Afsaneh Lak, and Marziehkakanejadifard. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND ADJUSTMENT WITH CHRONIC PAIN; WITH STUDY THE MODERATOR ROLE OF RESILIENCY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 8 (2016): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i8.2016.2563.
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The present study investigated the relationship between attachment style with adjustment and resiliency in chronic pain patients and probable mediating role of resiliency between attachment and adjustment. 
 Adult Attachment Inventory; Depression‚ Anxiety‚ Stress Scale (DASS_21) Resiliency Scale (CS_RISC) and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). Data were analyzed using parson’s correlation and regression.
 Results revealed that avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles negatively correlated with adjustment (positively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress) and positively with resiliency. Secure attachment wasn’t correlated with none of them. Resiliency didn’t mediate the impact of attachment style on adjustment. These findings suggest that insecure attachment style is a vulnerability factor for adjustment with chronic pain and predicts lower resiliency in these patients.
 Briefly present the conclusions and importance of the results. Concisely summarize the study’s implications. Please do not include any citations in the abstract.
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Martins, A., I. Narciso, M. C. Canavarro, and M. Pereira. "Adult Attachment and Extradyadic Involvement in Dating Relationships: The Mediating Role of Commitment." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-op-0027.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the association between attachment representations, attitudes toward infidelity, interest in alternatives and sexual and emotional extradyadic involvement (EDI), both face-to-face and online, was mediated by the level of commitment in the relationship. Design and Method: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 628 participants (201 men and 427 women), with a mean age of 23.36 years (SD = 3.91), all of whom reported being in an exclusive dating relationship for an average of 34 months. Participants completed the following self-report questionnaires: Extradyadic Behaviors Inventory, Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale, Experience of Close Relationships – Short Form, and Investment Model Scale. Results: Avoidant attachment was significantly associated with more positive attitudes toward infidelity, greater interest in alternatives, and all forms of EDI. Attachment-related anxiety was only associated with emotional EDI. The association between attachment-related avoidance and more favorable attitudes toward infidelity, greater interest in alternatives and both face-to-face and online EDI was mediated by low levels of commitment. No mediating effects were found for attachment-related anxiety. Conclusions: Avoidantly attached individuals indicated greater interest in alternatives and propensity to engage in EDI, especially when the levels of commitment in the relationship were low. These results are consistent with the literature suggesting that avoidant individuals engage in extradyadic behaviors as a way to meet their desires of independency. Commitment emerges as a relevant variable clarifying the involvement in extradyadic behaviors that may compromise the relational well-being.
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Saferstein, Jocelyn A., Greg J. Neimeyer, and Chad L. Hagans. "ATTACHMENT AS A PREDICTOR OF FRIENDSHIP QUALITIES IN COLLEGE YOUTH." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, no. 8 (2005): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.8.767.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between adult attachment style and friendship qualities in a sample of 330 undergraduates using the Adult Attachment Measure (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) and the Friendship Qualities Scale (Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994). Results indicated that securely attached individuals showed higher levels of transcending problems in their friendships and lower levels of conflict, while avoidant individuals showed higher levels of conflict and lower levels of companionship. Interactions between attachment style, sex of the participant, and the sex of the friend (same/opposite sex) suggested the combined impact of these variables on specific friendship qualities.