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1

Hess, Beth B., and Jay A. Mancini. "Aging Parents and Adult Children." Journal of Marriage and the Family 52, no. 2 (May 1990): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353054.

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2

Grigsby, Jill S., and Jay A. Mancini. "Aging Parents and Adult Children." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 1 (January 1991): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2072141.

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3

Roberto, Karen A. "Adult Children and Aging Parents." Activities, Adaptation & Aging 6, no. 4 (April 11, 1985): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j016v06n04_09.

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4

Haggan, Paul S. "COUNSELING ADULT CHILDREN OF AGING PARENTS." Educational Gerontology 24, no. 4 (January 1998): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0360127980240404.

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5

McDermott, Suzanne, Terry Tirrito, Deborah Valentine, Dianne Gallup, and Susan C. Thompson. "Aging Parents of Adult Children with Mental Retardation:." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 27, no. 1-2 (May 2, 1997): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j083v27n01_09.

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6

Gilbert, Sarah M., Lynne Nemeth, Elaine Amella, Barbara Edlund, and Virginia Burggraf. "Adult Children and the Transition of Aging Parents." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 39, no. 5 (March 5, 2018): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2018.1434842.

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7

LEE, GARY R., and JEFFREY W. DWYER. "Aging Parent-Adult Child Coresidence." Journal of Family Issues 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251396017001004.

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Several recent studies have concluded that coresidence between aging parents and their adult children is caused by the children's dependency needs, whereas parental characteristics are irrelevant. We argue that these studies are based on samples that contain insufficient proportions of elderly parents who possess the characteristics that eventuate in coresidence. Such elders, however, represent a large and important segment of the elderly population. Data from the National Long-Term Care Survey, a sample of Medicare beneficiaries, indicate that the probability of coresiding with children is elevated by parents' advanced age, failing health, and absence of a spouse. At the same time, children's characteristics (marital status and employment status) are also important predictors of coresidence.
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8

Choi, Namkee G. "Coresidence between Unmarried Aging Parents and their Adult Children." Research on Aging 25, no. 4 (July 2003): 384–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027503025004003.

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9

Conway, Kimberly. "The Experience of Adult Children Caregiving for Aging Parents." Home Health Care Management & Practice 31, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822318803559.

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When the normal progression of life for an aging person is interrupted by a decline in physical and or mental abilities, adult children are often suddenly faced with assuming care of their parent(s). Currently, adult child caregivers of aging parents work up to 100 hours per month at caregiving. Most existing literature is focused on informal caregivers, which can consist of spouses, relatives, and friends’ caregiving for persons with debilitating illnesses. Despite the amount of time dedicated to parental caregiving, little is known about the experience of this exclusive caregiver group. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experience of adult children caregiving for aging parents at any stage of health. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to interview six daughters and one daughter-in-law. Themes were identified and presented through the use of narratives and poetry. The participants expressed they felt unprepared for caregiving and their culture had a direct impact on the expectations of caregiving. A myriad of unpleasant emotions and loss were voiced, yet their outlooks remained extremely positive. The overall health of adult child caregivers needs to be supported to prepare them for what lies ahead with caregiving. Caregivers report their loved one(s) required several hospitalizations, which lead to performing medical/nursing tasks at home. Nursing then has a unique opportunity during discharge preparation, to identify those who need community, state, and faith-based services. Replication is needed to address the limitation of the number of participants, ethnic, and gender diversity.
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10

Silverstein, Merril, Daphna Gans, and Frances M. Yang. "Intergenerational Support to Aging Parents." Journal of Family Issues 27, no. 8 (August 2006): 1068–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x06288120.

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This investigation examines how norms of filial responsibility influence adult children to provide social support to their aging parents. Relying on intergenerational solidarity and social capital theories, the authors hypothesize that filial responsibility as a latent resource is more strongly converted into support when (a) the parent experiences increased need and (b) the child in question is a daughter. Using data from 488 adult children in the Longitudinal Study of Generations, the authors examine change in support provided between 1997 and 2000. Declining health of either parent increases the strength with which filial norms predisposed children to provide support. The conversion of filial norms into support is stronger among daughters than among sons but only toward mothers. Results are discussed in terms of the contingent linkage between latent and manifest functions and the persistence of gender role differentiation in the modern family.
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11

Jung, Seojung, and Daniela S. Jopp. "Adult Children’s Relationship to Parent Influences Their Views on Aging and Attitude Toward Own Aging." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 89, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018784703.

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The goal of this study was to examine how the quality of relationship between parent and adult children influences adult children’s views on aging and attitude toward their own aging and whether the effects of relationship qualities depend on parents’ health and adult children’s perceptions of how well their parents were aging. The sample included 217 adult children aged 18 to 73. Findings revealed that different parent–child relationship quality dimensions (i.e., support, conflict, depth, ambivalence) differentially influenced adult children’s view on aging (positive and negative) and attitude toward own aging, and some of these effects depended on levels of parental health and the way adult children view how successfully their parents were aging. The quality of the relationship to one’s parents has an important role in shaping adults’ views on aging and experience of their own aging, highlighting the importance of incorporating the role of family context to further enhance our understanding of how individuals develop perceptions of aging.
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12

Nelson, Margaret K. "The Presentation of Donor Conception in Young Adult Fiction." Journal of Family Issues 41, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19868751.

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Using a thematic analysis, this study examines the presentation of donor conception in 30 books of fiction written for young adults. Most of the donor-conceived characters in these books live in single mother families, the majority are girls, and most have some kind of status as outsiders. Donor conception is presented differently depending on the type of family in which the teen lives. Children living with single mothers are most often endangered. Children living with lesbian-couple parents are most often marked as outsiders. Among children living with heterosexual-couple parents, donor conception is often presented as a significant issue that can unsettle family dynamics and lead to a search for the donor or donor siblings.
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13

Mancini, Jay A., and Rosemary Blieszner. "Aging Parents and Adult Children: Research Themes in Intergenerational Relations." Journal of Marriage and the Family 51, no. 2 (May 1989): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/352492.

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14

Altschuler, Joanne, Susan Jacobs, and Deena Shiode. "Psychodynamic time-limited groups for adult children of aging parents." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 55, no. 3 (July 1985): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb03455.x.

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15

Freedman, Ruth I., Marty Wyngaarden Krauss, and Marsha Mailick Seltzer. "Aging Parents' Residential Plans for Adult Children With Mental Retardation." Mental Retardation 35, no. 2 (April 1997): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(1997)035<0114:aprpfa>2.0.co;2.

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16

Kaufman, Allan V., Forrest Scogin, Gordon MacNeil, James Leeper, and Joshua Wimberly. "Helping Aging Parents of Adult Children with Serious Mental Illness." Journal of Social Service Research 36, no. 5 (October 14, 2010): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2010.510949.

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17

Huo, Meng, Jamie L. Graham, Kyungmin Kim, Kira S. Birditt, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Aging Parents’ Daily Support Exchanges With Adult Children Suffering Problems." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, no. 3 (June 17, 2017): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx079.

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18

Lin, I.-Fen, and Douglas A. Wolf. "Division of Parent Care Among Adult Children." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (December 28, 2019): 2230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz162.

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Abstract Objectives Many older adults rely on their children’s support to sustain community residence. Although filial norms encourage adult children to help their parents, not every child provides parent care in times of need. The majority of prior studies have adopted an individualistic perspective to examine factors associated with individual children’s caregiving behavior. This study complements previous work by using the family systems perspective to understand how caregiving responsibilities are allocated among children in the family and how the pattern of care division evolves over time. Method Data came from seven rounds of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011–2017), in which community-dwelling respondents were asked about all of their children and which children provided them with care. Multilevel models were estimated to examine how caregiving responsibilities were distributed among children and how the children’s caregiving efforts responded to changes in their parents’ frailty. Results About three quarters of older adults reported receiving help from only one child, and the average of monthly care hours was about 50 at baseline. As parents’ frailty increased, the proportion of children providing parents rose and the allocation of parent-care hours became more equal. Discussion This study underscores the importance of using the family systems perspective to better understand adult children’s caregiving behavior. Although just one adult child providing care is the most common caregiving arrangement initially, adult children tend to work with their siblings to support parents’ aging in place as parents’ need for care increases.
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19

Uche, Rachel D., Peter Unoh Bassey, and Melvin Amalu. "The Effects of Dispersed Adult Children on Aging and Aged Parents." International Journal of Aging and Society 3, no. 4 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2160-1909/cgp/v03i04/35121.

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20

Ingersoll-Dayton, Berit, Margaret B. Neal, and Leslie B. Hammer. "Aging Parents Helping Adult Children: The Experience of the Sandwiched Generation*." Family Relations 50, no. 3 (July 2001): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00262.x.

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21

MYERS, JANE E. "The Mid/Late Life Generation Gap: Adult Children with Aging Parents." Journal of Counseling & Development 66, no. 7 (March 1988): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb00880.x.

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22

Piazza, Vivian E., Frank J. Floyd, Marsha R. Mailick, and Jan S. Greenberg. "Coping and Psychological Health of Aging Parents of Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 119, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.2.186.

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Abstract Among aging parents (mean age = 65, N = 139) of adults with developmental disabilities, we examined the effectiveness of multiple forms of coping with caregiver burden. As expected, accommodative strategies of adapting to stress (secondary engagement), used frequently in later life, buffered the impact of caregiver burden, whereas disengagement and distraction strategies exacerbated the effects of burden on depression symptoms. Most effects were similar for mothers and fathers, and all coping strategies, including active strategies to reduce stress (primary engagement), had greater effects for the parents with co-resident children. Vulnerability to caregiver burden was greatest when the aging parents with co-resident children used disengagement and distraction coping, but those who used engagement coping were resilient.
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23

Lee, Hyo Jung, and Jacobbina Jin Wen Ng. "Conversations About Death and Dying, End-of-Life Care Plans and Preferences Between Aging Parents and Adult Children." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1345.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate whether attitude and perception on late-life death and dying, end-of-life care plans and preferences could be better understood from current values shared between aging parents and their adult children in the multi-cultural city-bound country, Singapore. We are in the process of interviewing 20 aging parent-adult child dyads. Up to date, six semi-structured interviews were completed and transcribed. We performed Content analysis to analyze the transcripts. Preliminary findings showed that both aging parents and adult children rarely discussed this issue, although parents had their own plans or preferences. The major barriers against open conversations about death and dying of aging parents include: the perception of not-yet time to talk about this issue (without knowing when the right time is) and tendency to have conversations about death in tandem with finances, but not death itself. Although specific end-of-life care plans or arrangements were not thought out thoroughly, aging parents expressed a high level of trust and reliance on close family members’ decisions regarding their end-of-life care. They tended to agree on joint decision-making process within family, even though adult children had no or unmatched ideas about their aging parents’ end-of-life wishes. This did not necessarily align with previous findings in Western countries, underscoring individuals’ control over their own death and dying process. Open conversation within family, family-involved advance care planning, or joint decision-making processes may be warranted to promote quality of life and death in older Singaporeans and well-being of their family members of all ages.
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Namkung, Eun Ha. "THE ROLE OF AMBIVALENCE ON WELL-BEING OF AGING PARENTS WHO HAVE A DISABLED CHILD: MULTILEVEL MEDIATION APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S37—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.146.

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Abstract According to the family systems theory, strains from parenting an adult with disabilities may spillover to parents’ relationships with their other children and disrupt family dynamics and their well-being in later life. This study examined whether parental ambivalence toward their non-disabled children is greater in families of adults with disabilities [developmental disabilities (DD) or serious mental illnesses (SMI)] than families without an adult child with disabilities. The study also investigated whether ambivalence mediates the associations of having an adult child with DD or SMI on parents’ health. Data were from the 2011 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study in which aging parents (Mage = 71; n = 6,084) were asked about their relationship with each of their adult children. Multilevel regression models and multilevel structural equation models (MSEM) were estimated to analyze the data. Our findings showed that parents of an adult with SMI felt greater ambivalence toward their non-disabled adult children than comparison group parents of adults without disabilities, whereas no significant differences were found between parents of an adult with DD and comparison group parents. Parental ambivalence toward their non-disabled adult children played a significant indirect role in the negative association between having a child with SMI and parental physical and mental health, after adjusting for parent- and child-characteristics associated with parental health and/or ambivalence. The findings have implications for clinical practice with aging families of adults with disabilities and suggest the need for additional research to better understand intergenerational dynamics in these families.
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Gerber, Andrew, Allison R. Heid, and Rachel Pruchno. "Adult Children Living With Aging Parents: The Association Between Income and Parental Affect." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 88, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018758448.

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This study examined the moderating effect of parental income on the association between parent–child coresidence and parental affect. Secondary analysis was conducted with data from the ORANJ BOWL panel, a representative sample of adults in New Jersey, aged 50 to 74 years ( N = 5,688). Results indicated that income had a significant moderating effect on the association between the adult child’s residential status and parents’ positive and negative affect. Among parents with coresident adult children, an observed decline in positive affect and rise in negative affect were amplified as parental income level increased, suggesting differential strains on parental well-being across income levels.
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Patterson, Sarah, Robert Schoeni, Vicki Freedman, and Judith Seltzer. "The Enduring Strength of Biology and Gender: Care for Aging Parents Among Adult Children." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3340.

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Abstract Family complexity in the form of step-relationships are increasing across cohorts. Filial obligation, or the social norm that adult children should care for aging parents, are generally weaker in stepfamilies. Further, gender continues to be a main axis of stratification of who provides care within families. Taken together, we test whether biological versus step ties, the gender of the adult child, and the interaction between these two factors are associated with helping aging parents (ages 65 and older) with functional or health limitation based care needs. We use Round 5 (2015) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Results illustrate the enduring strength of both biological and gendered ties, with biological daughters being the most likely to help an aging parent, followed by biological sons, step-daughters, and lastly step-sons. This pattern holds even when we control for important characteristics of both the adult child and the care receiver. As families become more complex, these findings could mean that gaps in unmet care needs will emerge, especially for older adults who only have stepchildren.
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Willson, Andrea E., Kim M. Shuey, and Glen H. Elder. "Ambivalence in the Relationship of Adult Children to Aging Parents and In-Laws." Journal of Marriage and Family 65, no. 4 (November 2003): 1055–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.01055.x.

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28

Lefley, Harriet P. "Aging Parents as Caregivers of Mentally Ill Adult Children: An Emerging Social Problem." Psychiatric Services 38, no. 10 (October 1987): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.38.10.1063.

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Wang, Haowei, Kyungmin Kim, Jeffrey A. Burr, Kira S. Birditt, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Middle-aged adults’ daily sleep and worries about aging parents and adult children." Journal of Family Psychology 34, no. 5 (August 2020): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000642.

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Wang, Haowei, Kyungmin Kim, Jeffrey Burr, and Bei Wu. "PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS AND SLEEP QUALITY AMONG CHINESE AGING PARENTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2486.

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Abstract Relationships with adult children play an important role in older adults’ well-being. However, little is known about the association between parent-child relations and aging parents’ sleep quality, which is an emerging health issue that is closely related to individuals’ physical and mental well-being in later life. With the largest aging population, China has experienced rapid changes of family structure and traditional norms regarding parent-child ties. This study focused on different dimensions of parent-child relationships (i.e., upward/downward financial and instrumental support, emotional closeness) in Chinese aging families. This study examined the association between parent-child relationships and older parents’ sleep quality, comparing one-child and multiple-children Chinese families. Utilizing the 2014 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Aging and Social Survey, we analyze data from 8,450 respondents (aged 60+) who had at least one living child. Descriptive analysis showed that parents with multiple children engaged in more intense financial exchanges, less frequent instrumental support, and lower levels of emotional closeness with their adult children compared to their counterparts with only one child. Logistic regression models revealed that older parents who received more instrumental support were more likely to report sleep difficulty in both one-child and multiple-children families. For parents with multiple children, the overall level of financial transfers from children was negatively associated with having sleep difficulties, while the variability of financial transfers across multiple children was positively associated with having sleep difficulty. Findings highlight the importance of considering family dynamics in studying sleep quality among Chinese older adults.
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Sabater, Albert, and Elspeth Graham. "The Role of Children’s Education for the Mental Health of Aging Migrants in Europe." GeroPsych 29, no. 2 (June 2016): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000145.

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Abstract. In this study, using SHARE data we examined whether the education of adult children is associated with depressive symptoms (EURO-D caseness) for older immigrants and nonimmigrants in Europe. After controlling for possible confounders, we found that the education of adult children has independent effects on the mental health of their parents, and that having children with upper secondary or tertiary levels of education significantly lessen the odds of immigrants experiencing depressive symptoms. Furthermore, regular contact between parents and their adult children exerts a positive influence as well as amplifying the relationship between children’s education and mental health. Taken together, the results demonstrate that, were it not for family social capital, older immigrants might experience much worse mental health outcomes.
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Chai, Hye Won, and Hey Jung Jun. "Relationship Between Ties With Adult Children and Life Satisfaction Among the Middle-Aged, the Young-Old, and the Oldest-Old Korean Adults." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 85, no. 4 (January 2, 2017): 354–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415016685834.

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One of the important determinants of well-being among aging parents is their relationship with adult children. Using the two waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this study examined how different types of ties with adult children affect the life satisfaction of the Korean middle-aged, the young-old, and the oldest-old adults. Multigroup analysis was used to see if the effects of ties with adult children differ by the three age-groups. The results showed that frequency of contact had positive effect on life satisfaction for all of the age-groups. However, coresidence with children had a negative effect for the middle-aged, but a positive effect for the oldest-old. Finally, exchanges of support with adult children had significant effects only for the young-old. These results show that the importance of different types of ties with children change according to aging parents’ life stages.
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Band-Winterstein, Tova, Yael Smeloy, and Hila Avieli. "Shared reality of the abusive and the vulnerable: the experience of aging for parents living with abusive adult children coping with mental disorder." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 11 (July 30, 2014): 1917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001495.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Increasing numbers of aging parents are finding themselves in the role of caregiver for their mentally ill adult child due to global deinstitutionalization policy. The aim of this paper is to describe the daily aging experience of parents abused by an adult child with mental disorder and the challenges confronting them in this shared reality.Methods:Data collection was performed through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 parents, followed by content analysis.Results:Three major themes emerged: (a) old age as a platform for parent's vulnerability facing ongoing abuse; (b) “whose needs come first?” in a shared reality of abusive and vulnerable protagonists; (c) changes in relationship dynamics.Conclusions:Old age becomes an arena for redefined relationships combining increased vulnerability, needs of both sides, and its impact on the well-being of the aging parents. This calls for better insights and deeper understanding in regard to intervention with such families.
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Marsack, Christina N., and Faith P. Hopp. "Informal Support, Health, and Burden Among Parents of Adult Children With Autism." Gerontologist 59, no. 6 (July 5, 2018): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny082.

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Abstract Background and Objectives Many adults with autism spectrum disorders require lifelong reliance on caregiver support. As these caregivers age and experience health challenges, social support can be critical. This study seeks to understand if caregiver health moderates the relationship between informal social support and caregiver burden. Research Design and Methods A total of 320 parents (age 50+ years) of adult children diagnosed with ASD were recruited from autism organizations and support groups and completed a web-based survey. Separate moderation analyses were used to determine if caregiver health was moderating the relationship between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as the separate domains of developmental, time dependence, emotional burden, and impact of caregiving on finances. For each analysis, perceptions of available informal social support were the independent variable, composite and domains of caregiver burden were dependent variables, and parents’ self-reported general health was the moderating variable. Results Caregiver health had a statistically significant moderating effect when predicting the relationships between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as time dependence burden and impact of caregiving on finances. Discussion and Implications Increased attention should be focused on supporting the current and future needs of both aging caregivers and their adult children with ASD. Future research on the dynamics of social support, health, and burden is also urgently needed to address the growing number of aging caregivers of adults diagnosed with ASD.
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Summers, Nicole Marie, and Falak Saffaf. "Fact or Fiction: Children’s Acquired Knowledge of Islam through Mothers’ Testimony." Journal of Cognition and Culture 19, no. 1-2 (May 2, 2019): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340054.

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AbstractOne way in which information about the unknown is socialized to children is through adult testimony. Sharing false testimony about others with children may foster inaccurate perceptions and may result in prejudicially based divisions amongst children. As part of a larger study, mothers were instructed to read and discuss an illustrated story about Arab-Muslim refugees from Syria with their 6- to 8-year-olds (n = 31). Parent-child discourse during two pages of this book was examined for how mothers used Islam as a talking point. Results indicated that only 50% of mothers and 13% of children shared accurate testimony about Islam. However, while 35% of children admitted uncertainty in their knowledge, only 3% of mothers admitted uncertainty. These results highlight the importance of parents sharing the confidence in their knowledge. If parents teach inaccurate information about other religions, it may create a greater divide between children of different religious backgrounds.
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Birditt, K., J. Manalel, K. Kim, S. Zarit, and K. L. Fingerman. "DAILY INTERACTIONS WITH AGING PARENTS AND ADULT CHILDREN: IMPLICATIONS FOR WELL-BEING AND CORTISOL." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.040.

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Remnet, Valerie L. "HOW ADULT CHILDREN RESPOND TO ROLE TRANSITIONS IN THE LIVES OF THEIR AGING PARENTS." Educational Gerontology 13, no. 4 (January 1987): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0360127870130405.

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38

Shimada, C., R. Hirayama, K. Nakazato, and T. Wakui. "WHAT ENCOURAGES JAPANESE ADULT CHILDREN TO INITIATE END-OF-LIFE DISCUSSION WITH AGING PARENTS?" Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.468.

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39

Miyawaki, C., and N. Hooyman. "A REVIEW OF TRANSNATIONAL CAREGIVING: IMMIGRANT ADULT CHILDREN TO AGING PARENTS IN HOME COUNTRY." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.077.

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40

Wiemers, Emily E., and Suzanne M. Bianchi. "Competing Demands from Aging Parents and Adult Children in Two Cohorts of American Women." Population and Development Review 41, no. 1 (March 2015): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00029.x.

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Band-Winterstein, Tova. "The Impact of Lifelong Exposure to IPV on Adult Children and Their Aging Parents." Journal of Family Issues 35, no. 4 (March 8, 2013): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x12472657.

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42

Lee, J. "ASIAN AMERICAN ADULT CHILDREN AS CAREGIVERS FOR THEIR AGING PARENTS: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.3277.

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43

Toyokawa, Noriko, Nancy Darling, and Teru Toyokawa. "SCAFFOLDING PARENTS TO ACCEPT ADULT CHILDREN’S INTERVENTION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S282—S283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1044.

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Abstract Guided by social-cognitive domain specific theory (Smetana, 1997), this study explored the issue of role reversal in the aging parent-adult child relation when parents are experiencing age-related functional limitations. Data was collected from adult children (N=16, Mage=53.06, SD=6.08) with a living parent of 70 years old or older who participated in a focus group and were analyzed by a directed analysis (Potter & Levine-Donnerstein, 1999). Participants legitimated their intervention into parents’ autonomy when they perceived a potential risk of parents’ health and safety and involvement of those and of others. Eight types of intervention emerged: (1) monitoring and talking with potential risk with parent (2) convincing parents under the name of super power or an authority figure (3) scaffolding parent’s task by teaching skills, (4) scaffolding by sharing role, (5) scaffolding by optimizing environment, (5) overriding parents’ autonomy behind parents, (6) forcefully overriding, (7) giving up parents’ behavioral modification by accepting parents’ lifestyle, and (8) giving up because of discomfort of talking about the issue (i.e., potential risks of parent’s sexual intercourse, parents’ death preparation). Thus, adult children changed their strategies of intervention from monitoring their parents’ behaviors to overriding parents’ autonomy, depending on their appraisal of potential harms of parents’ prudential and moral domains of life and of their own work/family conditions from monitoring to overriding. Adult children’s possible ways of scaffolding in helping their parents accept their children’s interventions as letting parents maintain their psychological autonomy, including communication skills to discuss uncomfortable topics is discussed.
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Chai, Hye Won, Steven H. Zarit, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Revisiting Intergenerational Contact and Relationship Quality in Later Life: Parental Characteristics Matter." Research on Aging 42, no. 5-6 (January 21, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519899576.

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Contact and relationship quality between adult children and aging parents are two widely used indicators of intergenerational solidarity and are often assumed to be positively correlated. However, the association between the two may depend on characteristics of the parent involved. Using Family Exchanges Study Wave 1, this study assessed whether parental difficulties—measured as functional limitations and life problems—and gender moderated the associations between middle-aged adults’ contact and relationship quality with their parents. We found that more frequent email or phone contact was associated with worse relationship quality for fathers who had functional limitations. For life problems, however, more contact was not related to relationship quality for fathers with life problems. The associations did not differ by mother’s difficulties. These results suggest that frequent contact between middle-aged adult children and aging parents does not uniformly reflect better relationship quality but rather depends on parents’ characteristics.
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Torres, Jacqueline M., Oleg Sofrygin, Kara E. Rudolph, Mary N. Haan, Rebeca Wong, and M. Maria Glymour. "US Migration Status of Adult Children and Cognitive Decline Among Older Parents Who Remain in Mexico." American Journal of Epidemiology 189, no. 8 (January 13, 2020): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz277.

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Abstract Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing rapid aging, a growing dementia burden, and relatively high rates of out-migration among working-age adults. Family member migration status may be a unique societal determinant of cognitive aging in LMIC settings. We aimed to evaluate the association between adult child US migration status and change in cognitive performance scores using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a population-based, national-level cohort study of Mexico adults aged ≥50 years at baseline (2001), with 2-, 12-, and 14-year follow-up waves (2003, 2012, and 2015). Cognitive performance assessments were completed by 5,972 and 4,939 respondents at 11 years and 14 years of follow-up, respectively. For women, having an adult child in the United States was associated with steeper decline in verbal memory scores (e.g., for 9-year change in immediate verbal recall z score, marginal risk difference (RD) = –0.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.16, −0.03); for delayed verbal recall z score, RD = –0.10 (95% CI: −0.17, −0.03)) and overall cognitive performance (for overall cognitive performance z score, RD = –0.04, 95% CI: −0.07, −0.00). There were mostly null associations for men. To our knowledge, this is the first study to have evaluated the association between family member migration status and cognitive decline; future work should be extended to other LMICs facing population aging.
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Hu, Anning, and Feinian Chen. "Which Child Is Parents’ Preferred Caregiver/Listener in China?" Research on Aging 41, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027518813654.

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Adult children are an important source of care providers for parents in a rapidly aging Chinese society, but we know little of which particular child is preferred by parents in time of need. Using the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, we investigate the factors associated with parental preference of caregivers and listeners among all his or her children. With children nested within each parent, we fit the conditional (family) fixed-effect fractional logit model. The main results for both caregivers and listeners suggest a preference for the unmarried, the oldest or the youngest, and children who have provided them with support before. Coresident children are favored in rural but not urban China. We did not find preference for sons over daughters. Neither did we find any effect of prior transfers from parents to children. Our findings shed light on the changing norms of eldercare provision in a transitioning society.
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Marsack-Topolewski, Christina N., and Heather L. Church. "Impact of Caregiver Burden on Quality of Life for Parents of Adult Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 124, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-124.2.145.

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Abstract This study sought to examine the impact of time, developmental, emotional, and financial burdens on the quality of life (QOL) for parents (aged 50+) of an adult child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants (N = 320) completed a web-based survey and could indicate interest in participating in one-on-one follow up interviews. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that two variables, developmental burden and impact of caregiving on finances, were statistically significant predictors of parents' QOL. Developmental burden was the strongest predictor of parental QOL, demonstrating an inverse relationship. Qualitatively, reported findings indicated that many parents were experiencing all four burdens. Findings highlighted the need to provide services and supports to alleviate burden among aging parents of adult children with ASD.
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Marsack, Christina N., and Tam E. Perry. "Aging in Place in Every Community: Social Exclusion Experiences of Parents of Adult children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Research on Aging 40, no. 6 (July 5, 2017): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027517717044.

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This article offers an examination of aging processes of lifelong caregivers and the possibilities for social exclusion place experienced by parents of adult children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study of parental caregivers ( n = 51) sheds light on how enduring caregiving roles can lead to social exclusion in three ways: misunderstanding of ASD and stigma, the complexity of the caregiving roles, and impact on daily routines including challenges with long-term planning for both the adult children and the parental caregivers. Implications for practice to address social exclusion include education and building greater communication ties among family member for family members and advocacy for more and higher quality services including respite care. This article concludes with discussion of the impact of this aging, yet caregiving population and the need for knowledge about aging processes and anticipating aging for these caregivers.
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Birditt, Kira S., Jasmine A. Manalel, Kyungmin Kim, Steven H. Zarit, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Daily interactions with aging parents and adult children: Associations with negative affect and diurnal cortisol." Journal of Family Psychology 31, no. 6 (September 2017): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000317.

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Xie, Xiaolin, and Xia Yan. "Adult Children Taking Care of Their Aging Parents: A Multiple-Case Study on Caregivers' Perspectives." Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development 11, no. 2 (September 2001): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2001.9755860.

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