Journal articles on the topic 'Adult education – Zimbabwe'

Just as refugees fleeing to escape Zimbabwe have struggled to cross the crocodile-hungry waters of the Limpopo, so are Zimbabweans battling to find ways to traverse the abyss of a digital divide affecting their country. In 2008-09, Zimbabwe was rated third worst in the world for its national information communications technology (ICT) capability by the World Economic Forum, being ranked at 132/134 nations on the global ICT ‘networked readiness index’. Digital divide issues, including severe deficits in access to new technologies facing this small Sub-Saharan country, are therefore acute. In terms of global power relations involving ICT capability, Zimbabwe has little influence in any world ranking of nations. A history of oppression, economic collapse, mismanagement, poverty, disease, corruption, discrimination, public sector breakdown and population loss has rendered the country almost powerless in ICT terms. Applying a critical social theory methodology and drawing on Freirean conceptions of critical pedagogy to promote emancipation through equal access to e-learning, this chapter is written in two parts. In the first place, it analyzes grim national statistics relating to education and to the digital divide in Zimbabwe, situating these in the wider context of Africa; in the second part, the chapter applies this information in a practical fictional setting to imagine life through the eyes of an average Zimbabwean male farm worker called Themba, recounting through narrative an example of the impact on one person’s life that could result from, firstly, a complete lack of educational and ICT resources for adults in a rural farming situation and, secondly, new opportunities as a migrant to become engaged with adult and higher education, including ICT training and facilities. Access to education, to book publications, to ICT facilities, in dialogue with others during a long process of conscientization, are seen to open up democratising and liberating opportunities for Themba in South Africa. The powerful transformation that takes place Themba’s life and propels him towards many achievements as an e-learning teacher is inspired by Freire’s critical pedagogy: it provides a message of hope in an otherwise exceptionally bleak educational and technological situation, given the current difficult socio-economic and political situation that has resulted in a digital abyss in Zimbabwe.

Quality education in Zimbabwe has remained one of the major demands in the system. This has therefore seen the majority of both academic and non-academic staff in institutions of higher learning advancing themselves in various courses and programmes. This study hence was conducted to explore opportunities and challenges experienced by adult individuals as they further pursue their studies. It was a case study of one tertiary education institution conducted within the framework of a qualitative research paradigm and also influenced by the human capital theory. Semi structured questionnaires and interviews were used to generate data from 20 participants that were purposively and conveniently targeted for the study. The major findings revealed that staff in tertiary institutions envy to advance themselves education wise. However, their efforts are being derailed by several challenges which unfold themselves socially, academically and economically, among others. The results further revealed that issues of institutions policy on manpower development were a cause of concern. Ultimately the study concluded that continued adult education in the 21st century is quite pivotal despite the challenges that these adults encounter. Recommendations put forth in the study, therefore include reconceptualization of institution policy on manpower development, availing financial resources and a variety of schemes for adult education

Universally, there is concern for women enablement and United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organisational (UNESCO) cites Zimbabwe as having 17% of the adult population being illiterate with two thirds being women (Kadada, 2014). Despite efforts by the government of Zimbabwe through formal education and other key players such as Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) in ensuring women enablement, women have not been fully integrated into many development spheres. As alluded by Pietila, and Vickers, (1996), that the subordinate position of women limits their ability to effectively indulge in development activities and women in Chirumanzu district are no exception. They continue to be seen as a missing link in being effective stakeholders in development processes. A notable pattern inherently evident on the ground is that few women are socially, politically, and economically active in development programmes. Hence the need to advocate for women enablement through formal education. According to Pietila, and Vickers, (1996), “empowerment is an active, multidimensional process which enables women to realize their full identity and power in all spheres of life”. Women in Chirumanzu district need to be enabled enough to know their rights, to have access to knowledge and resources, greater autonomy in decision making, greater ability to plan their lives, greater control over the circumstances that influence their lives and finally to be free from customs, beliefs that are barriers to their enablement. In light of the above, this study therefore endeavours to assess how formal education has assisted women in Chirumanzu district to be enabled.

 This study was designed to examine the extent to which the availability of adequate infrastructure or lack of it affects the future success of learners. This was against the backdrop of the persistent calls by researchers and agencies for the engagement with issues around basic, youth and adult education in Southern Africa so as to find ways of dealing with the region’s escalating primary school drop-out rates and limited access to both technical and vocational education. The study adopted a purely qualitative approach to uncover the meanings that participants attach to their behaviour, how they interpret situations, and what their perspectives are on particular issues. This study was conducted in two primary schools in Zimbabwe among 52 participants, which included 20 learners and 32 educators. The study indicates that the level of infrastructure available in the schools varies and, in some cases, is inadequate. But more importantly, the study found that a well-equipped school is more functional and presents better learning opportunities for learners. The study recommended, among other things, that school planners, funders and policy makers should take note of the positive impact that a functional, clean and attractive school building can make on education. The size of the population is small; therefore generalisation should be done cautiously. This paper adds to the literature on the significance of quality infrastructure in facilitating learner education, especially in a burgeoning economy such as Zimbabwe.

AbstractThis study examines the perceptions of urban residents towards the socio-economic and environmental consequences of tourism development in Zimbabwe. Perceptions were tested using empirical data that were gathered from a sample of 384 adult members, representing urban households in Bulawayo. The results from a semi-structured survey revealed that such sociodemographic variables as gender, education, length of stay and income are relatively predictable of their attitude towards tourism. Further, although the urban residents tended to perceive tourism impacts positively, they reacted more strongly to the environmental impacts involved than to the economic and sociocultural impacts. The urban geographic context of this study makes this finding significant, as it indicates that urban residents have an environmental consciousness with regard to tourism. The study has implications for tourism development planners and destination managers, in terms of enhanced engagement with the urban residents regarding tourism development, irrespective of the likelihood of residents supporting future development.

This study is an analysis of samples of one years vocal productions of 92 children between birth and age 7 in the Nharira Communal Lands of Zimbabwe to determine at what stage and to what degree children's melodic efforts resembled adult song prototypes. Results indicate a common sequence of song acquisition that parallels the age-related phases observed in children of other cultures. Milestones were the use of characteristic tune segments and musical conventions at 3 years; ability to sing independently with larger ranges and forward motion at age 4; marked improvement of pitch precision at age 5; and tonal consistency throughout a song at 5.5 years. Few differences emerged in cognitive capacities between Nharira children and those in Western studies. Perhaps because of the importance of personal music-making in the environment, a dramatic difference appeared in singing accuracy. Nharira children produced more correct contours, intervals, and stable phrase endings than comparable children in the United States.

Background The association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe. Methods We used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Results Our results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488). Conclusion These results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.

The desire to understand young adults’ transition into adulthood from informal kinship-based foster care has been growing. This article examines the challenges encountered by, and the opportunities available to, young adults as they transition from informal kinship-based foster care to independent living in the Bikita District of Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 young people who had left care and key informants. Data were analyzed using a thematic framework. Key findings included the young adults’ need for proper preparation in formal education, health, social welfare, and employment to ward off the challenges they face before they leave informal kinship-based foster care. The opportunities available to the young adults included cultural identity, social capital, and training in independent life skills within their kinship group. Recommendations are made for better preparation and support to young people transitioning out of informal kinship-based care in Zimbabwe.

Introduction: In Zimbabwe, though adults consume 80% of donated blood, their contribution to the national blood bank remains low.Considering that blood is an essential but scarce national resource it is important to gain insight into the beliefs that influence adults’ decisionsto donate blood or refrain from doing so.Aims and objectives: We sought to identify and describe the behavioural beliefs underlying adults’ blood donation intentions in Harare.Materials and methods: We used a qualitative study design based on the Integrated Behavioural Model. We interviewed 32 participants usinga semi-structured questionnaire. The responses were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We analysed data thematically.Results: Concerning positive behavioural beliefs, our analysis yielded four positive latent themes: ‘donating saves lives’, ‘it is a social andreligious responsibility’, ‘enhances blood accessibility’ and ‘enhances the donor’s health’. Regarding negative behavioural beliefs, we alsofound four latent themes namely, ‘donated blood can negatively affect the donor’s health’, ‘donated blood can negatively affect the recipient’shealth’, ‘some cultural and religious beliefs discourage donating blood’ and ‘charging for donated blood is demotivating’.Discussion: Contemporary behavioural beliefs indicate that adults attach multiple and complex meanings to blood donation. The identifiedbeliefs can enable National Blood Service Zimbabwe to develop context-specific donor education and motivation strategies.Conclusion: Comprehensive knowledge about adults’ behavioural beliefs concerning blood donation is critical in shaping promotionalmessages that resonate with the target population. French title: «Mon sang est maintenant vieux et épuisé»: Une étude Qualitative des Croyances Comportementales des Adultes Concernant le Don de Sang à Harare, Zimbabwe Introduction: Au Zimbabwe, bien que les adultes consomment 80% du sang donné, leur contribution à la banque nationale de sang reste faible. Étant donné que le sang est une ressource nationale essentielle mais rare, il est important de mieux comprendre les croyances qui influencent les décisions des adultes de donner du sang ou de s’abstenir de le faire.Buts et objectifs: Nous avons cherché à identifier et à décrire les croyances comportementales qui sous-tendent les intentions de don de sang des adultes à Harare.Matériaux et méthodes: Nous avons conçu une étude qualitative basée sur le modèle comportemental intégré. Nous avons interviewé 32 participants à l'aide d'un questionnaire semi-structuré. Les réponses ont été enregistrées et transcrites textuellement. Nous avons analysé les données par thème.Résultats: Concernant les croyances comportementales positives, notre analyse a dégagé quatre thèmes latents positifs: «le don sauve des vies», «c'est une responsabilité sociale et religieuse», «améliore l'accessibilité au sang» et «améliore la santé du donneur». En ce qui concerne les croyances comportementales négatives, nous avons également trouvé quatre thèmes latents, à savoir: «le don de sang peut nuire à la santé du donneur», «le don de sang peut nuire à la santé du destinataire», «certaines croyances culturelles et religieuses découragent le don de sang» et «facturer le sang donné est démotivant ».Discussion: Les croyances comportementales contemporaines indiquent que les adultes attachent des significations multiples et complexes au don de sang. Les croyances identifiées peuvent permettre au National Blood Service Zimbabwe de développer des stratégies d'éducation et de motivation des donateurs spécifiques au contexte.Conclusion: Une connaissance approfondie des croyances comportementales des adultes concernant le don de sang est essentielle pour façonner des messages promotionnels qui résonnent avec la population cible.

Against the backdrop of a high prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zimbabwe, this paper analyses data from the 1997 Zimbabwe Sexual Behaviour and Condom Use Survey to throw light on the degree to which sexually active adults consistently use condoms in high-risk sexual situations. The multivariate results indicate that at the time of the survey, consistent condom use in non-marital relationships is significantly higher for males than females, higher among those who had access to information about condoms from multiple sources than among those with limited access, and higher among those who have positive attitudes to condoms than among those with negative attitudes. Even though consistent condom use with non-marital partners is higher for those who know a source where condoms can be obtained, this effect is due to the fact that these respondents have more positive attitudes towards condoms. Likewise, the higher levels of consistent condom use exhibited by those who are aware of the efficacy of condoms are due to the fact that men have higher awareness of this, and men use condoms more consistently than women. In sum, the results suggest that the effects of the respondents’ sex and their knowledge of the prophylactic importance of condoms and where condoms might be obtained are a function of other socioeconomic advantages they have. It is, therefore, concluded that programmes that use mass media information, education and communication campaigns to reduce shyness, embarrassment and stigma about condom use can help increase consistent use of condoms in non-marital relationships in Zimbabwe.

Indonesia is a country that has a high potential for natural disasters. Picture story book is a form of disaster management learning that can help children from an early age to prepare for a natural disaster. The aims of this study to develop story books as a disaster management learning media, to improve knowledge and skills of children and teacher about the understanding, principles, and actions of rescue when facing the natural disasters, to increase the teacher’s learning quality in disaster management. Developmental research approach is used to execute the study. A total of 48 children aged 5-6 years have to carry out pre-test and post-test. Pre-test data shows that children's knowledge about disaster management with an average of 47.92% and its improved at post-test with 76,88%. Five theme of story books involves floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, lands and forest fires is the product. 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The achievement of family well - being is an aspiration of all families including families of migrant workers, to achieve the well - being of one of the ways that the families of migrant workers with the departure of the wife work as domestic servants in various countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze social capital, economic coping, sress symptom’s husband and family subjektive well - being of women migrant workers. This research use cross sectional studies. The location was chosen purposively in Tanggeung Village, Pagermaneuh Village, Margaluyu Village, Karangtengah Village, Tanggeung District and Pasirdalam Village Kadupandak District, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Seventy five families were selected purposively among the families of women migrant workers. The finding indicates that social capital is in the moderate category, the coping economy is in the moderate category, the sress symptom’s husband is in the low category and the family well-being is in the low category. Finding in this study family subjective well-being is influenced by income per capita, sress symptom’s husband and economic coping. Keywords: economic coping, family subjective well-being, social capital, stress symptom Abstrak Kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan sesuatu yang ingin dicapai seluruh keluarga, termasuk keluarga Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW), untuk mencapai kesejahteraan tersebut salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh keluarga TKW adalah mengirim istri sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di berbagai negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis modal sosial, coping ekonomi, gejala stres suami, dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional studies. Lokasi dipilih dengan metode purposive di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Cianjur, Kecamatan Tanggeung, Desa Pagermaneuh, Desa Marguluyu, Desa Karangtengah, Desa Tanggeung, Kecamatan Kadupandak, Desa Pasirdalam. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 keluarga TKW dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan modal sosial berada pada kategori sedang, coping ekonomi berada pada kategori sedang, gelaja stres suami berada pada kategori rendah, dan kesejahteraan subjektif berada pada kategori rendah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kesejahteraan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, gelaja stres suami, dan coping ekonomi. Kata kunci : coping ekonomi, gejala stres, kesejahteraan subjektif, modal sosial. References [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Data provinsi termiskin 2016. Berita Resmi Statistik [internet]. 4 Januari 2016. [diunduh 2016 September 7]; Tersedia pada: http://www.bps.go.id. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat. 2016. 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Abstract 44 Purpose Despite overt presentation on the skin, most Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in Africa is diagnosed too late for treatment to be effective. Training health care workers to recognize KS early can increase knowledge, but is only clinically impactful if providers actually encounter early KS—that is, if patients with early KS present to care. Indeed, recent work from Zimbabwe has shown that facility-based KS training failed to increase early diagnosis, which is unsurprising given the public’s lack of awareness of KS. We hypothesized that educating affected populations about KS is critical to making progress in early detection and that enhanced community awareness about KS can be achieved through exposure to common media. Methods Working in Uganda, we used community-engaged research to learn about health-related behaviors in the context of skin disease, craft a culturally appropriate educational theme regarding the detection of KS, and develop three forms of media. We interacted with survivors of KS, HIV-infected patients, facility-based and community health workers, traditional healers, and media professionals. We tested our media among adults at community-based venues in rural Uganda. Participants were randomly assigned to be exposed to one of the three media and were evaluated for changes in knowledge and attitudes concerning KS before and after exposure to media. Results In comics, 90-second radio plays, and a 10-minute film, we developed a three-part theme that was aimed at the public: “look,” meaning to regularly examine one’s skin and mouth; “show” to bring to the attention of a health care worker any skin changes; and “test” to remind providers about skin biopsy for diagnosis. Among the 240 participants who were exposed to media, median age was 30 years, 50% were women, 6% were HIV infected, and 60% were literate. Exposure to media resulted in increases in the ability to recognize and/or name KS (+47%), awareness that anyone is at risk for KS (+15%), and knowledge of how to prevent KS from becoming a substantial problem (+34%). Conclusion Featuring the theme, “Look, show, and test,” we developed media—comics, radio plays, and film—for the public in Africa about the early detection of KS. Exposure to these media resulted in increases in knowledge and changes in attitudes concerning KS. Although the increases in knowledge were not large, they may be as much as can be expected from a single exposure. Optimal outcomes will likely require multiple exposures and facilitated discussions. Media elements are freely available online. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

PurposeGweru District, Zimbabwe faces a major challenge of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Globally, health systems have not responded successfully to problems in prevention and management of NCDs. Despite numerous initiatives, reorienting health services has been slow in many countries. Gweru District has similar challenges. The purpose of this paper is to explore what the health systems in Zimbabwe have done, and are doing to respond to increasing numbers of NCD cases in adults in the nation, especially in the district of GweruDesign/methodology/approachThe study employed a descriptive narrative review of the academic and grey literature, supplemented by semi-structured key informant interviews with 14 health care staff and 30 adults living with a disease or caring for an adult with a disease in Gweru District.FindingsRespondents identified many limitations to the response in Gweru. Respondents said that screening and diagnosis cease to be helpful when it is difficult securing medications. Nearly all community respondents reported not understanding why they are not freed of the diseases, showing poor understanding of NCDs. The escalating costs and scarcity of medications have led people to lose trust in services. Government and NGO activities include diagnosis and screening, provision of health education and some medication. Health personnel mentioned gaps in transport, medication shortages, poor equipment and poor community engagement. Suggestions include: training of nurses for a greater role in screening and management of NCDs, greater resourcing, outreach activities/satellite clinics and better integration of diverse NCD policies.Research limitations/implicationsParticipant responses were greatly influenced by the current political and economic situation in Zimbabwe, so responses may reflect short-term crises rather than long-term trends.Originality/valueThis research offers an understanding of NCD strategies and their limitations from the bottom-up, lived experience perspective of local health care workers and community members.

Successful promotion of a reading culture in rural schools requires the participation of the rural community who need more education on the importance of a library and how it is a central asset that can empower them to be productive citizens of their country. In rural Zimbabwe, there are few libraries existing in schools, creating a situation which has impacted negatively on the literacy and reading levels of the poor marginalized rural children. This paper therefore explores the collaboration and partnership of a rural community, parents, schools, local traditional leaders and international trust organizations in promoting a reading culture in schools by encouraging the community to develop an interest in books as resources that can transform their livelihoods. The author on his first visit met with important stakeholders such as School Heads, School Development Committee who are the parents’ representatives, the District Education Inspector, local Chief and several Headmen, Village Councillor, local businesspeople and health workers. Five Schools which the author identified through Mavhurazi School Head’s assistance were targeted in order to elicit response on a culture of reading. The paper will offer recommendations on the best way forward regarding use of the books by rural learners of Mudzi district, and then concludes by examining best methods to adopt to promote reading and bring about better performance in schools by learners. The promotion of rural adult literacy is another issue to be examined by this paper as well as the need to support the Primary and Secondary School Ministry’s concerted efforts to bring on board the concept of adult literacy to the poor rural folks of Mudzi district in rural Zimbabwe.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 is a global public health emergency resulting in lockdowns, associated diet and lifestyle changes and constrained public health delivery.ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of the COVID-19-induced lockdown in Zimbabwe on nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking among Zimbabwean population aged ≥18 years.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information on demographics (age, gender, place of residence, current employment), food system dimensions, diet and physical activity patterns, stress and anxiety, body image perceptions, lifestyle behaviours like smoking, alcohol intake, screen time and ease of access to health services.ResultsThe participants (n=507) were mostly women (63.0%) between the ages of 31 and 40 years (48.1%) and had tertiary education (91.3%). The lockdown resulted in increase in food prices (94.8%) and decrease in availability of nutritious foods (64%). Most (62.5%) of the participants reported a reduction in their physical activity levels. The prevalence of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) was 40.4% and mostly affecting woman (63.5%, p=0.909), 31–40 years age group (49.6%, p=0.886). Based on the Body Mass Index-based Silhouette Matching Test (BMI-SMT) 44.5% gained weight, 24.3% lost weight and 31.2% did not have weight change. The paired samples t-test showed that there was a significant increase in perceived body weight (p<0.001). More than half (59.6%) reported having difficulties accessing medicinal drugs and 37.8% growth monitoring services.ConclusionsThe lockdown period was associated with increase in food prices, decrease in dietary diversification, elevated GAD symptoms, disrupted diet and consumption patterns. There were low levels of physical activity and perceived weight gained during the lockdown period, thus increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. Further studies incorporating participants of different socioeconomic status are warranted to get more conclusive results.

Introduction: Malnutrition remains a childhood scourge in Sub Saharan Africa, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe and in the Insiza District, in particular. The district is rich in mineral (gold) deposits, vibrant agricultural (animal husbandry) and diverse ecosystems that has potential support self-sufficiency of its population. However, the cause to <5-year-old malnutrition and stunting remain to opaque requiring elucidation. Materials and Methods: A mixed method approach, where both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to elicit and describe in-depth people’s experiences on determinants of malnutrition and stunting in the Insiza District among the <5-year-olds. Statistical comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test using Graph Pad In Stat Software. Both probability and purposive sampling were used to triangulate and corroborate findings deriving meaning to explain the factors associated with wasting/ underweight. Results: Children with birth weights ±2.4kG were predominant in the study sample (57%) when compared to those who were born with 2.5-3.0 kG or >3.1 kG birth weights [19 fold more]. Two meals per day were taken frequently (57%) a mong adults comparable with birth weight underweight frequencies and feeding habits of infants <5-year-olds (53%), showing food insecurity in Isiza District. Households that lived on < US$1.00/day formed relatively the most prominent majority (73%) when compared to those who lived on US$0.87-1.67/day (23%) or US$1.87-2.50 (2%) or US$2.53-3.33 (2%). Health-related expenses (18.3%), education expenses (25%) and staple food related expenses (56.7%) took the bulk of the income without meaningful effect on child malnutrition. Fathers were over represented as household income usage decision markers in households with malnourished and stunted <5-year-olds (43%) compared to mothers, the family or both parents. Poverty was present in 65% of the households which had malnourished and or stunted children. Malnourishment was from nutritional deficit and non-nutritional lack (25%) while 20% had malnutrition from other determinants other than food consumption score. Conclusion: More than half (57%) children who developed malnutrition were underweight at birth and born in families with who had two meals a day (57%). Malnutrition was influenced negatively by marital status, household leadership, household income, size, religion, educations status and consumption scores.

The purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and learners on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on rural secondary school female learners in Matobo District. The study was qualitative in nature, entrenched on interpretivist paradigm and adopted a case study design. Data was collected using open-ended questionnaire and online focus group discussions from six teachers and eighteen learners who formed three focus group discussions. The participants were purposively sampled from three schools. The study found that a few teachers were able to conduct online lessons using WhatsApp platform during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the selected schools though there was no consistence as teaching was not programmed and participation of female learners was low. The findings revealed that most of the parents could not afford to provide online learning resources for their children because of economic hardships. The study further established that rural female learners were at risk during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown as some of them were exposed to sexual abuse when they try to have access to smartphones and data bundles from some male adults. It was found that female learners have lost much of their learning time whilst on lockdown and many cases of pregnancy have emerged leading to dropping out of school. The study concluded that most of the rural secondary school female learners were excluded from education during lockdown due to poverty, unavailability of network or poor network coverage, lack of broadcast transmission services to enable them to access online lessons through the radio, lack of electricity, poor attendance due to lack of smartphones and data bundles, performance of all household chores including herding of cattle and lack of cooperation from some parents. The study recommended that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should collaborate with stakeholders to provide necessary resources to enable all learners to access online learning despite geographical location. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0721/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>