Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adult humor'

Children's animated films have held a lasting influence on their audiences since the rise of their popularity in the 1980s. As adults co-view such films with their children Hollywood has had to rewrite the formula for a successful animated children's film. This thesis argues that a main factor in audience expansion is adult humor. The results show that children's animated films from 2002-2013 are riddled with many instances of adult humor while earlier films from 1982-1993 use adult humor sparingly. It is clear that over the years the number of adult humor occurrences has consistently increased. Furthermore, this research shows that adult male roles consistently deliver the adult humor.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar associações prospectivas dos transtornos de humor e da religiosidade com o risco de suicídio em adultos jovens provenientes da população geral. MÉTODO: Coorte prospectiva de base populacional. Adultos jovens (18-24 anos) foram recrutados e acompanhados em média cinco anos depois. Risco de suicídio, transtornos de humor e de ansiedade foram avaliados usando o Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Transtornos por uso de substâncias foram avaliados utilizando o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. A religiosidade foi avaliada na linha de base e agrupada de acordo com a afiliação religiosa e de acordo com a freqüência de participação. RESULTADOS: A amostra incluiu 1560 adultos jovens na linha de base, com 1244 reavaliados no seguimento (80,6%). Os episódios depressivos, tanto atuais como prévios, tiveram um impacto significativo no risco de suicídio. Os episódios maníacos prévios, no entanto, foram associados com uma menor consistência a um risco de suicídio. Nenhuma associação da religiosidade com o risco de suicídio foi encontrada nas duas etapas da pesquisa. Este resultado permaneceu na análise em todas as afiliações religiosas, mesmo quando subdivididas de acordo com a freqüência de participação. CONCLUSÕES: Os episódios depressivos têm um robusto efeito prospectivo, independente, sobre o risco de suicídio. O efeito dos episódios maníacos, por outro lado, foi dependente da análise e merece uma melhor investigação. Embora existam evidências prévias sugerindo um papel protetor da religiosidade sobre o risco de suicídio, essas não foram confirmadas nessa amostra específica de adultos jovens.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prospective associations of mood disorders, religiosity and suicidality in a community sample of young adults. METHODS: Prospective population-based cohort study. Young adults (18-24 years old) were recruited and followed-up five years later. Suicidality, mood and anxiety disorders were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Substance use disorders were assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Religiosity were assessed at baseline and grouped according to religious affiliation and according to attendance frequency. RESULTS: The sample included 1560 young adults at baseline, with 1244 reassessed at follow-up (80.6%). Depressive episodes, both current and past had a significant impact on suicidality. Previous manic episodes, however, were less consistently associated with suicidality. No association of religiosity with suicidality was found in the two waves of the research. This effect is maintained in all religious affiliations, even when subdivided the analysis according to the frequency of attendance in religious service. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive episodes have an independent and robust effect on prospective suicidality. The effect of manic episodes, on the other hand, was dependent on the analysis and deserves further exploration. Although there is prior general evidence suggesting a protective role of religiosity on suicidality, these were not confirmed in this specific sample of young adults.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Jansen 2.pdf: 601451 bytes, checksum: e84f12927abaa8f47025474e4930cc3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of mania and hypomania episode, as well as associated factors, comorbidities, and quality of life among young from 18 to 24 years old the city of Pelotas, RS. Method: This cross-sectional population-based, which was included to a larger study that evaluated Health Behaviors among young from 18 to 24 years old in the city of Pelotas . The sample selection was through conglomerates, and mania e hypomania episode were assessed using a standardized diagnostic interview short, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), consistent with the DSM-IV and ICD-10. Results: The sample was 1560 young adults. In this, the prevalence of mania or hypomania episode the lifetime were 7,5% and 5,3%, respectively. The young with mania episode showed more prevalence to anxiety, suicide risk and substance abuse. In addition to minor index to quality of life in all domain of SF- 36 (p<0,001). Conclusion: The high prevalence of mania/hypomania episode in young population, associated to co-morbities disorders indicates that THB can being subdiagnostics. While the decline in the quality of life explain the injury in the person life with such pathology
Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de episódio de mania e hipomania, bem como, fatores associados, comorbidades e o impacto na qualidade de vida entre jovens de 18 a 24 anos da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base-populacional, no qual a seleção amostral foi realizada por conglomerados e os episódios de mania e hipomania foram avaliados através de uma entrevista diagnóstica padronizada breve, Mini Internacional Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), compatível com os critérios do DSM-IV e CID-10. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário com dados sócio-demográficos, e os instrumentos ASSIST e SF-36. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 1560 jovens. Destes, a prevalência de episódios de mania ou hipomania ao longo da vida foi de 7,5% e 5,3%, respectivamente. Os jovens com episódio de mania apresentaram maior prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade, risco de suicídio e abuso de substâncias, além de menores níveis de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios do SF-36 (p<0,001). Conclusão: A alta prevalência de episódios de mania/hipomania na população de jovens, associada aos transtornos co-mórbidos indica que os THB podem estar sendo subdiagnosticados. Enquanto, o declínio na qualidade de vida demonstra o prejuízo na vida do individuo com tal patologia

The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to humor media improves mood states of older adults. The humor media consisted of four thirty minute videos. Ten subjects from a retirement community in East Central Indiana participated in the study. A control group and experimental group were assigned by the Activities Director of the retirement community. Each participant was administered the Profile of Mood States for the pretest and posttest measurement. The Profile of Mood States lists sixty-five adjectives and participants ranked on a scale of 0 to 4 how much they felt that mood within the past week. Members of the experimental group participated in fifteen minute interviews after the completion of the intervention.Total mood score means for the experimental group indicated an increase in positive mood from the pretest to the post-test. Total Mood Score means for the control group showed either no change or a decrease in positive mood. Because the sample size was very small,no statistical test of significance could be executed to test the null hypothesis. Based upon the qualitative interviews and the simple analysis of quantitative data humor media appears to have positive effects on the subjects in nursing homes and retirement communities. However, this intervention deserves further investigation with a larger sample that would allow for more rigorous statistical analysis.
Fisher Institute for Wellness

Introducción: El humor tiene un papel importante en la promoción de un envejecimiento exitoso y saluda-ble. Sin embargo, su estudio científico es aún limitado, en parte debido a la ausencia de medidas validadaspara su uso en el ámbito latinoamericano. El objetivo del estudio fue traducir al espa˜nol y examinar lasevidencias de fiabilidad y validez basadas en la estructura interna, convergente y discriminante de laversión peruana de la Coping with Humor Scale-5 ítems.Materiales y métodos: Los participantes fueron 236 adultos mayores peruanos (78,4% mujeres y 21,6%hombres) con un promedio de edad de 72,8 años (DE = 6,90).
Revisión por pares

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:07:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000438064-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 8052964 bytes, checksum: 78caadbb2cab12e908570acc4bbcea8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
This study is divided into three sections: one theoretical and two empirical studies. The theoretical chapter presents a systematic review were searched the last ten years researches that related Childhood Trauma with mood disorders in adults in empirical studies (cohort or cross). In this review there was a lack of empirical studies that describe these phenomena and their association in our country, from such a reality was outlined to verify the empirical studies of childhood trauma and its association with mood disorders in a clinical population in the city of Porto Alegre. Chapter two describes the frequency of childhood trauma and specified by the most frequent types with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In the third chapter there was an association between trauma in childhood mood disorders, diagnosed from the SCID-I-CV and symptoms of depressive mood (BDI-II) and hypomanic (HCL-32). RESULTS: The frequency of trauma found this population was 44. 22%. And that was associated with bipolar disorder and dysthymia. There was also a lack of studies describing and associating factors for the development of psychopathology in the Brazilian reality. Finally difficulty parameters have been firm to carry out intervention strategies and effective prevention.
O presente estudo é dividido em três capítulos: um estudo teórico, e dois empíricos. O capítulo teórico apresenta uma revisão sistemática, onde foram buscados artigos dos últimos dez anos que relacionassem Trauma na infância com Transtorno de Humor na vida adulta em estudos empíricos (transversais ou de coorte). Nesta revisão verificou-se a falta de estudos empíricos que descrevessem estes fenômenos e sua associação em nosso pais, a partir de tal realidade delineou-se os estudos empíricos para verificação de trauma na infância e sua associação com os transtornos do humor em uma população clínica do município de Porto Alegre. No capítulo dois descreveu-se a freqüência de trauma na infância e dividiram-se a partir do QUESI (Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância) quais os tipos mais freqüentes. No terceiro capítulo verificou-se a associação entre Trauma na infância Transtornos do humor, diagnosticados a partir da SCID-I-CV e sintomas do humor depressivos (BDI-II) e hipomaníacos (HCL-32). RESULTADOS: A freqüência de trauma encontrada nesta população foi de 44,22%. E este apresentou associação com os transtornos de humor bipolar e distimia. Verificou-se ainda a carência de estudos que descrevam e associem fatores para desenvolvimento de psicopatologia na realidade brasileira. E por fim dificuldade em ter-se parâmetros firmes para a realização de estratégis de intervenção e prevenção eficazes.

A irritabilidade é um sintoma frequente tanto em transtornos externalizantes quanto internalizantes. Pode ser definida como propensão à raiva em relação aos pares manifestando-se através de humor irritável e/ou ataques de raiva. Embora humor irritável e ataques de raiva ocorram muitas vezes de forma simultânea, trata-se de uma questão empírica investigar se humor e comportamento irritável são parte de um construto único ou se constituem-se em componentes distintos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a diferença dos construtos humor e comportamento disruptivo em adultos em uma amostra de pacientes com transtornos mentais graves. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de análise fatorial confirmatória e de validações externas com outros instrumentos clínicos. Além disso foi nosso objetivo avaliar a prevalência das principais síndromes disruptivas no adulto: o Transtorno Explosivo Intermitente (TEI), o Transtorno Opositor Desafiante (TOD) e o Transtorno da Desregulação Disruptiva do Humor (TDDH). A coleta de dados foi realizada nos ambulatórios de esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, depressão e ansiedade do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre totalizando 246 pacientes (idade média 45 anos, 63% do sexo feminino). Sintomas de comportamento e humor disruptivos foram frequentes na amostra, embora o diagnóstico DSM-5 das síndromes disruptivas apresentaram prevalência baixa (TEI, 8%, TOD, 2% TDDH, 2%). O modelo unidimensional, que envolve os fatores humor e comportamento como um construto único não apresentou bons índices de ajuste na amostra. Os modelos que apresentaram índices de ajuste adequados foram os modelos correlacionado (com as dimensões humor e comportamento) e o modelo bifatorial com uma dimensão geral de irritabilidade e duas específicas (humor e comportamento). A avaliação psicométrica demonstrou que os sintomas de humor já estão presentes em casos mais leves de irritabilidade, enquanto que os sintomas de comportamento aparentam indicar níveis de irritabilidade mais elevados. Análises com os validadores externos demonstraram que o humor irritável mesmo após retirar o componente comum entre humor e comportamento esteve especificamente associado com prejuízo e com medidas clínicas de depressão e mania, o que não aconteceu com o componente comportamento. Este estudo fornece suporte para estudar os componentes comuns e específicos do humor e comportamento irritado no adulto, sendo evidência inédita de validade para o construto de humor disruptivo no adulto.
Irritability is a common symptom in both externalizing and internalizing disorders. It can be defined as a propensity to anger toward peers manifested through irritable mood and/or anger attacks. Although irritable mood and anger attacks often occur simultaneously, it is and empirical question to investigate whether mood and irritable behavior are part of a single construct or if they constitute distinct components. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference of mood and disruptive behavior constructs in adults in a sample of patients with severe mental disorders. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis and external validations with clinical instruments. In addition, it was our objective to evaluate the prevalence of the main disruptive syndromes in adults: Intermittent Explosive Disorders (IED), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Data collection was performed at the outpatient units of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, totalizing 246 patients (mean age 45 years old, 63% female). Symptoms of disruptive mood and behavior were frequent in the sample, although the DMS 5 diagnosis of disruptive syndromes presented low prevalence (IED, 8%, ODD, 2%, DMDD, 2%). The unidimensional model encompassing mood and behavior factors as a single construct, did not provide a good fit to our data. The models who presented proper fit indexes were the correlated model (with mood and behavior dimensions) and the bifactor model with a general irritability dimension and two specific ones (mood and behavior). Psychometric evaluation has shown that mood symptoms are present in milder cases of irritability, while behavioral symptoms are present in higher levels of irritability. External validators analysis demonstrated that irritable mood even after removing the common component between mood and behavior was specifically associated with impairment and with clinical measures of depression and mania, which did not happen with the behavior component. This study provides support for studying the common and specific components of irritable mood and behavior in adults, being unprecedented evidence of validity for the adult disruptive mood construct.

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2017-08-04T14:48:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luana barbosa.pdf: 1523833 bytes, checksum: 46f2f0554a5b1582d2857f9cd170d525 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T14:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luana barbosa.pdf: 1523833 bytes, checksum: 46f2f0554a5b1582d2857f9cd170d525 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25
Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in adult life. It may be described as the exposure of the child to circumstances of physical, psychological, or sexual violence and/or neglect that endangers the child’s life. Investigations on negative life events are important to determine the environmental impact related to the development of psychiatric disorders in adult life. On this matter, early traumatic experiences have been strongly associated with suicidal behavior, which leaves deep emotional scars that accompany the individual throughout life. Childhood trauma has also been associated with mood disorders, which are disturbances regarding mood and affective states that are classified in depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder. The following thesis has two purposes: 1) to verify the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and current suicide risk in a population-based sample of individuals aged 14-35 years in the urban area of Pelotas/RS; and 2) to verify and corroborate the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) in adult life, in a population-based study. Both purposes were addressed by the cross-sectional population-based study entitled: Trauma na infância, transtornos de humor e risco de suicídio em jovens entre 14 e 35 anos, residentes na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS, which is nested within a bigger study entitled: “Estudo do temperamento e transtornos psiquiátricos na interface entre psiquiatria, psicologia e neurociências”. Childhood trauma was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) whereas the suicide risk and the mood disorders were evaluated through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). In addition, the participants responded to a questionnaire containing 10 information on sociodemographic and substance use variables. Statistical analyses were conducted in the SPSS 13.0 for Windows and STATA 12. They were carried out using a conceptual model and the variables that presented p ≤ 0.20 were included in the adjusted analysis according to the levels from the hierarchical model. Statistical associations were considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. The probability of presenting suicide risk was higher amongst women, individuals who were not currently working, the ones who presented alcohol abuse and tobacco smokers. Moreover, suicide risk was associated with all trauma domains, especially emotional abuse. Regarding mood disorders, the present study verified the relationship between childhood trauma and mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) in young adults. In conclusion, the avoidance of early trauma may reduce suicide risk in young individuals and, in addition, this type of study may help to create new prevention and intervention strategies targeting this population.
Traumas infantis são importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos na vida adulta. Podem ser definidos como a exposição de uma criança às circunstâncias de violência física, psicológica ou sexual e / ou negligência que põem em perigo a vida deste indivíduo. A investigação sobre eventos negativos da vida é necessária, a fim de determinar o impacto ambiental relacionado ao aparecimento de transtornos psiquiátricos e o desenvolvimento destes, na vida adulta. Neste sentido, experiências traumáticas precoces vêm sendo fortemente associadas ao comportamento suicida, deixando profundas marcas emocionais, que acompanham os indivíduos ao longo da vida. O trauma na infância também tem sido associado aos transtornos de humor, os quais são caracterizados por uma perturbação no humor ou afeto, classificados em transtornos depressivos e transtornos de humor bipolar (THB). A presente tese se propõe a dois objetivos: 1) verificar a relação entre as experiências traumáticas na infância e risco de suicídio atual em uma amostra de base populacional de indivíduos com idade entre 14-35 anos, na área urbana de Pelotas/RS; e 2) reforçar a relação entre o trauma na infância e o desenvolvimento de transtornos de humor (depressão e transtorno de humor bipolar) na vida adulta, em um estudo de base populacional. Os dois objetivos foram alcançados através do estudo transversal de base populacional intitulado: Trauma na infância, transtornos de humor e risco de suicídio em jovens entre 14 e 35 anos, residentes na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS, sendo este um estudo transversal de base populacional, aninhado a outro estudo maior intitulado: “Estudo do temperamento e transtornos psiquiátricos na interface entre psiquiatria, psicologia e neurociências”. O trauma de infância foi avaliado através do 8 Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) e o risco de suicídio e os transtornos de humor foram avaliados pela Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Também, os participantes responderam um questionário com dados sócio demográficos e uso de substâncias. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o SPSS 13.0 para Windows e o STATA 12. Estas foram realizadas através de um modelo hierárquico conceitual e, as variáveis que apresentaram p ≤ 0,20, foram incluídas na análise ajustada de acordo com os níveis propostos no modelo e, foram consideradas associações estatisticamente significativas quando p<0,05. As probabilidades de risco de suicídio foram maiores entre as mulheres, as pessoas que não estavam trabalhando atualmente, os que apresentavam abuso de álcool e entre os fumantes de tabaco. Além disso, o risco de suicídio esteve associado a todos os tipos de trauma, principalmente ao abuso emocional. Com relação aos transtornos de humor, o presente estudo verificou a relação entre trauma na infância e transtornos de humor (depressão e THB) em adultos jovens. Neste sentido, evitando trauma precoce pode-se reduzir o risco de suicídio em indivíduos jovens e ainda, este tipo de estudo pode auxiliar na criação de novas estratégias de prevenção e intervenção nesta população.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438064.pdf: 8052964 bytes, checksum: 78caadbb2cab12e908570acc4bbcea8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-17
This study is divided into three sections: one theoretical and two empirical studies. The theoretical chapter presents a systematic review were searched the last ten years researches that related Childhood Trauma with mood disorders in adults in empirical studies (cohort or cross). In this review there was a lack of empirical studies that describe these phenomena and their association in our country, from such a reality was outlined to verify the empirical studies of childhood trauma and its association with mood disorders in a clinical population in the city of Porto Alegre. Chapter two describes the frequency of childhood trauma and specified by the most frequent types with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In the third chapter there was an association between trauma in childhood mood disorders, diagnosed from the SCID-I-CV and symptoms of depressive mood (BDI-II) and hypomanic (HCL-32). RESULTS: The frequency of trauma found this population was 44.22%. And that was associated with bipolar disorder and dysthymia. There was also a lack of studies describing and associating factors for the development of psychopathology in the Brazilian reality. Finally difficulty parameters have been firm to carry out intervention strategies and effective prevention.
O presente estudo ? dividido em tr?s cap?tulos: um estudo te?rico, e dois emp?ricos. O cap?tulo te?rico apresenta uma revis?o sistem?tica, onde foram buscados artigos dos ?ltimos dez anos que relacionassem Trauma na inf?ncia com Transtorno de Humor na vida adulta em estudos emp?ricos (transversais ou de coorte). Nesta revis?o verificou-se a falta de estudos emp?ricos que descrevessem estes fen?menos e sua associa??o em nosso pais, a partir de tal realidade delineou-se os estudos emp?ricos para verifica??o de trauma na inf?ncia e sua associa??o com os transtornos do humor em uma popula??o cl?nica do munic?pio de Porto Alegre. No cap?tulo dois descreveu-se a freq??ncia de trauma na inf?ncia e dividiram-se a partir do QUESI (Question?rio Sobre Traumas na Inf?ncia) quais os tipos mais freq?entes. No terceiro cap?tulo verificou-se a associa??o entre Trauma na inf?ncia Transtornos do humor, diagnosticados a partir da SCID-I-CV e sintomas do humor depressivos (BDI-II) e hipoman?acos (HCL-32).RESULTADOS: A freq??ncia de trauma encontrada nesta popula??o foi de 44,22%. E este apresentou associa??o com os transtornos de humor bipolar e distimia. Verificou-se ainda a car?ncia de estudos que descrevam e associem fatores para desenvolvimento de psicopatologia na realidade brasileira. E por fim dificuldade em ter-se par?metros firmes para a realiza??o de estrat?gis de interven??o e preven??o eficazes.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer la relación entre autoeficacia para envejecer y humor como afrontamiento en adultos mayores de Ica y analizar la relación entre ambas de acuerdo a las variables sociodemográficas. La investigación es de tipo experimental, transversal y correlacional. El muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional y la muestra está conformada por 142 adultos mayores de Ica. Para la medición, se emplearon dos dos instrumentos, la Escala de Autoeficacia para envejecer y la Escala de humor como afrontamiento. A manera de resultados, se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables (rho=.254). Además de diferencias significativas en relación al sexo (p>.048) y centro asistido (p>.000) en la autoeficacia para envejecer; y en la percepción de ingreso económico (p<.042) y actividad física (p>.000) en el humor como afrontamiento. Se afirma que los adultos mayores de la investigación cuentan con una red de apoyo social, de familiares o de sus grupos pares, lo que facilita afrontar los declives de esta etapa. El apoyo instrumental que reciben por parte de las instituciones se relaciona con la autoeficacia global y el dominio de actividades sociales. Se concluye que la autoeficacia y el humor como afrontamiento funcionan como variables que proporcionan una vejez saludable y que las variables sociodemográficas permiten mayor comprensión de factores que pueden influir en el desarrollo de adultos mayores.
The objectives of the study were to know the relationship between self-efficacy for aging and mood as coping in older adults from Ica and to analyze the relationship between the two according to sociodemographic variables. The research is experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. The sampling was intentional non-probabilistic and the sample is made up of 142 older adults from Ica. For the measurement, two two instruments were used, Self-efficacy Scale for aging and Coping Humor Scale. By way of results, a positive and statistically significant correlation was found between both variables (rho = .254). In addition to significant differences in relation to sex (p> .048) and assisted center (p> .000) in self-efficacy for aging; and in the perception of economic income (p <.042) and physical activity (p> .000) in humor as coping. It’s stated that the older adults in the research have a social support network of relatives or their peer groups, which makes it easier to face the declines of this stage. The instrumental support received from the institutions is related to global self-efficacy and mastery of social activities. It is concluded that self-efficacy and humor as coping function as variables that provide a healthy old age and that sociodemographic variables allow a better understanding of factors that can influence the development of older adults.
Tesis

This thesis first reviews the literature on humour experiences in adults experiencing psychosis. An empirical study was next conducted to test the application of sociocognitive models of paranoid delusions to grandiose delusions. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on electronic academic databases between 1980 and 2012. Seventeen studies that have utilised humorous tasks within explorations of either the comprehension and/or the appreciation of humorous stimuli were found. The literature suggests difficulties comprehending humour are clear in individuals with experiences of psychosis, and that this difficulty is augmented when there is a need to infer the mental states of others to understand jokes or humorous scenarios. However, the findings with respect to appreciation are less clear. Here the evidence points to the role of co-morbid mood symptoms such as depression and mania in the attenuation of humour appreciation. In the empirical study, a cross-sectional design was employed to compare the performance of individuals with grandiose delusions to a depressed control group on measures of Theory of Mind (ToM) and attributional style. Participants experiencing grandiose delusions performed significantly worse on both ToM tasks and produced significantly fewer references to mental states in a dialogue task. Following a symptombased approach, the presence of a grandiose delusion was significantly associated with poorer ToM on the joke appreciation and stories task. Participants with a grandiose delusion appear to have a ToM impairment independently of the severity of a comorbid persecutory delusion. Implications for clinical practice are also noted.

This is a qualitative, descriptive study of group processes in classes of adult language learners, viewed from the perspective of practising teachers. The study has an internal narrative which takes the reader through the process of the research, from the initial question raised by a casual classroom conversation to the discussion chapter which questions a number of assumptions underlying current English language teaching practices within western educational contexts. The study falls into two distinct phases. The first phase uses the constant comparative method of data collection and analysis to integrate the perceptions of 28 experienced language teachers into the following theory: teachers judge the quality of their classes in terms of the degree to which they function as cohesive groups. The second phase uses the social-psychological framework of class cohesion to explore the perceptions of eight language teachers concerning a range of everyday behaviours and events occurring within their classes. The data were gathered through classroom observations and extended weekly teacher interviews and were supplemented by information from student interviews.

The present study tested the hypothesis that humor directly integrated with targeted material positively impacts memory retention and recall. The rationale underlying the hypothesis is based on findings of neurological studies and behavioral research on humor. Participants were 56 students in three online Freshman English classes at a local community college. Building on the information learned from previous empirical research and incorporating evidence revealed by neurological inquiries, this project provided each class of students with one of three different versions of declarative grammar material presented as an interactive pronoun instruction module: without humor, with non-integrated humor, or with integrated humor. Assessments included a pre-test to determine prior knowledge. Following review of the module, the recall of students’ memory of the targeted material was tested through an objective exam. After a longer period of time (five weeks), which included using the newly learned material in writing assignments unrelated to the study, students were tested again to evaluate their longer-term retention. The analysis of the scores was a two-way 2X3 analysis of variance (ANOVA). A significant difference in improvement of memory with a 95 percent confidence level was shown for participants in the Integrated Humor condition as compared to those in either the No Humor or the Non-Integrated Humor conditions in both the Immediate Post-Test (0.00, 0.02) and the Delayed Post-Test (0.00, 0.00). Although the sample was small, the results support the hypothesis that humor integrated with learning material can beneficially impact memory and recall.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
創意生活設計系
104
According to UN-DESA Division for Social Policy and Development (DSPD), the disabilities around the world reach over 500 million, roughly accounting for 10% of the total population of the world. In some developed countries, nearly 20% of the total populations are citizens with diverse disabilities. Given the impact of disabilities on the families, it seems that almost 50% of the citizens will be affected. In Taiwan, citizens with spinal cord injuries have reached over 23,000, with 1000 to 1200 more each year and its proneness to young adults aged 20 to 29. Some young adults think wheelchairs demonstrate their disabilities, and thus refuse to use the assistive device. In fact, using assistive devices does not mean one’s disability, and such aids enable an individual to become more independent, without relying on others in all aspects and causing inconvenience. In addition to the emphasis on functions, current design of assistive devices focuses more on why people avoid using assistive devices. Design elements to improve such conditions are thus included to increase the usage willingness and to lower the burden and impact on the family as well as the caretaker. As modern manufacturing technologies for assistive devices keep innovating, users obviously do not just seek for functional needs, the appearance of related devices has become increasingly important. Therefore, the current study extracted six humor design techniques from previous research, including (1) displacement and indirect representation, (1) false reasoning and representation by the opposite, (3) condensation and juxtaposition, (4) multiple use and double meaning, (5) exaggeration and repetition, and (6) behavior and action as well as expression and gesture. Expert interview was also adopted for evaluation indexes of wheelchair appearance. The preference order of wheelchair appearance among wheelchair users from questionnaire survey and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was as follows: (1) comfort in the sitting position, (2) lighter material, (3) durable material, (4) easy maneuver while moving, (5) easily foldable, (6) concise style, (7) optional kits, (8) built-in LED, (9) user-friendly interface, and (10) special surface finish. It is hoped that the humor elements integrated in the design strategy and suggestion of wheelchair appearance serve as reference for manufacturers to innovate the appearances of wheelchairs and to break through conventional appearance and positioning of wheelchairs.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
諮商與應用心理學系碩士班
107
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of the humor styles between adult attachment and job burnout of medical social workers and psychologists. The measurements adopted in this study included the Experience in Close Relationship Scale-Chinese Version, the Humor Style Questionnaire, HSQ, and the Burnout Scale. The sample size is 323 helping professions, the finding of this study were summarized as follows: 1、There is a significant gender difference, female use less maladaptive humor styles than male. 2、The professionals' seniority between 1 ~ 3 years and 3 ~ 5 years got a higher burnout score than whose seniority is over 20 years. On job performance, seniority under 1 year and seniority between 5 ~ 10 years, got higher burnout than seniority over 20 years. 3、On job performance, who works at the local clinic is exhausted than who work at the medical center. On job engagement, who works in the district hospital is exhausted than who work at the medical center. 4、The helping professions who need to on-call on their job have higher burnout status (included work value work performance, and total burnout) than those who don’t have to on-call. 5、The clinical psychologists have higher burnout of job value than counseling psychologists. 6、On the correlation of the variables shows that attachment avoidant has a negative association with adaptive humor, and positive association with self-defeating humor style; attachment anxiety has a positive association with maladaptive humor styles and negative association with self-enhancing humor style. All burnout sub-scales and total burnout have a negative association with adaptive humor styles and positive association with maladaptive humor styles. 7、With the SEM analysis shows that maladaptive humor styles significant mediated the link between attachment avoidant and burnout. Moreover, adaptive humor styles significant mediated the link between attachment anxiety and burnout. Keyword: Adult Attachment, Humor Styles, Burnout, Helping Professions.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2003.
Advisor: Mark Winegardner, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 25, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

碩士
亞洲大學
心理學系
105
This research investigates the relations among individuals’ humor styles, response styles and loss coping (i.e. how they cope with loss). We were able to collect data from 635 adult participants via online survey. Measures used in this study include Personal Basic Attributes Scale, Coping Behavior Scale, Chinese version of the Rumination Response Scale-Short Form (CRRS-SF), and Chinese version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ-TC). By using descriptive statistical analysis, t- test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, as well as multiple regression analysis, we were able to shed some light on how humor styles, response styles and loss coping correlate with each other. Here are some major findings: 1. Individuals prefer using affiliative humor style, distracting responses to depression and positive reinterpretation to cope. 2. There are significant gender and age differences for humor styles. 3. Although gender difference is non-significant, we do observe significant age difference for response styles. 4. Although subjective feelings of loss does not significantly influence how people cope with loss— gender, age, the type of loss and its duration, all significantly predict how individuals cope. 5. Humor styles is significantly related to people’s coping of loss. 6. Response styles is positively correlated to individuals’ coping of loss. 7. There is a significant positive relation between humor styles and response styles. 8. Age and the type of loss are two significant predictors for our loss coping. 9. Individuals’ humor styles can significantly predict how they cope with loss. 10. Individuals’ response styles can significantly predict how they cope with loss, distracting responses to depression, in particular, seems to be the most salient one. Discussion based on our results and findings were further elaborated, and suggestions for practitioners and further studies were included as well.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Será a Tonalidade do Humor (TH) dos adultos idosos influenciada pela idade e pelas estratégias de Selecção, Optimização e Compensação (SOC)? O objectivo do presente estudo consiste no teste de um Modelo Preditor da Tonalidade do Humor (MPTH) em adultos idosos. A amostra integra um total de 240 adultos idosos autónomos, não institucionalizados, com um leque etário entre os 65 e os 90 anos (M=72), residentes na Área da Grande Lisboa, seleccionados através de métodos de amostragem não probabilísticos e controlados para demência e depressão. Após a obtenção de modelos de medida bem ajustados (análise factorial confirmatória, LISREL8) para o Questionário SOC-Versão Reduzida (Amado, Diniz, & Martins, 2006) e para o Índice de Satisfação com a Vida (Diniz, Amado, & Gouveia, no prelo), o qual operacionaliza o constructo TH, testou-se o MPTH, verificando-se que a idade e as estratégias SOC são bons preditores da TH e que, as estratégias SOC amplificam o efeito da idade sobre a TH.
ABSTRACT: It will be the Mood Tone (MT) of old adults influenced by age and Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) strategies? The aim of the present study is to test a predictor model of MT in old adults. The sample includes 240 autonomous old adults, non institucionalizaded, an age range between 65 and 90 years old (M=72), residents in the subarea of Lisbon and selected by non-probabilistic methods of sampling. A control for dementia and depression was previously made. After the attainment of well-adjusted models of measure (Confirmatory Factorial Analysis, LISREL8) for portuguese version of SOC Questionnaire-Short version (Amado, Diniz, & Martins, 2006; Freund & Baltes, 1998) and for portuguese version of Life Satisfaction Índex-A (Diniz, Amado, & Gouveia, in prelo; Neugarten et al., 1961) in which we can find the MT construct, the predictor model of MT was tested and it was found that age and SOC strategies are good preditors of MT. It was also found that SOC strategies amplifies the age effect over the MT.

Orientação: Célia Regina Gomes Oliveira ; co-orientação: Pedro Machado
O presente trabalho corresponde a um estudo piloto, desenvolvido a partir da avaliação inicial de um grupo de participantes que integra um programa de estimulação cognitiva (Mentha Health and Ageing-Mentha), cuja aplicação e validação se encontra em curso. Objetivos: O presente estudo foca-se em dois objetivos centrais, nomeadamente: 1) na caraterização do perfil cognitivo de adultos idosos com declínio cognitivo e perturbação de Humor Bipolar comórbida, e 2) na exploração da interação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, declínio cognitivo e presença de Perturbação de Humor Bipolar. Método: A amostra é constituída por 15 indivíduos divididos pelo: grupo experimental com idades compreendidas entre os 53 e os 72 anos (M = 60.80, DP = 7.40); grupo de comparação emparelhado com idades compreendidas entre os 80 e os 89 anos (M = 85.6, DP = 3.65) e um grupo de comparação aleatorizado com idades compreendidas entre os 81 e os 94 anos (M = 87.20, DP = 5.07). Resultados: Em relação ao perfil cognitivo, os participantes com a perturbação apresentam todas as áreas cognitivas afetadas, especificamente o declínio cognitivo geral, a atenção e a orientação, a memória, a fluência, a linguagem e a capacidade visuoespacial. Comparativamente, os sujeitos do grupo de comparação emparelhado apresentam todas as áreas cognitivas preservadas. Contudo, não existem diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos no funcionamento cognitivo. As análises correlacionais apontam para uma associação significativa entre a escolaridade e a subescala da linguagem da Avaliação Cognitiva de Addenbrooke Revista no grupo de comparação aleatorizado, não tendo sido encontradas associações adicionais entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e o funcionamento cognitivo em ambos os grupos. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que existe uma influência da perturbação de humor bipolar no declínio cognitivo e a associação significativa entre a escolaridade e a subescala da linguagem da Avaliação Cognitiva de Addenbrooke Revista no grupo de comparação aleatorizado.
The present work corresponds to a pilot study, developed from the initial evaluation of a group of participants that is part of a cognitive stimulation program (Mentha Health and Aging-Mentha), whose application and validation is ongoing. Objetives: The present study focus on two main objectives, namely: 1) characterizing the cognitive profile of elderly adults with cognitive decline and comorbid Bipolar Disorder, and 2) exploring the interaction between sociodemographic variables, cognitive decline, and presence of Bipolar Disorder. Method: The sample consists of 15 individuals divided by: experimental group aged 53 to 72 years (M = 60.80, SD = 7.40); paired comparison group aged 80 to 89 years (M = 85.6, SD = 3.65) and a randomized comparison group aged 81 to 94 years (M = 87.20, SD = 5.07). Results: Regarding the cognitive profile, participants with the disorder show all cognitive areas are affected, specifically general cognitive decline, attention and orientation, memory, fluency and visuospatial ability, and language. Comparatively, the subjects in the paired comparison group show all preserved cognitive areas. However, there are no significant differences between the two groups in cognitive functioning. Correlational analyzes point to a significant association between education and The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised language subscale in the randomized comparison group, and no additional associations were found between sociodemographic variables and cognitive functioning in both groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there is an influence of bipolar disorder on cognitive decline and the significant association between education and The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised language subscale in the randomized comparison group.

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto, no ramo de Actividade Física e Saúde, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física
Ageing and longevity, increase the risk of development/ aggravation of adverse health conditions that may lead to the increase of medication use and health care expenditure, loss of independence and physical disability, negative mood states and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ultimately, to mortality. Exercise and/or some pharmacological therapies may counteract these negative effects. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to analyse the effect of a long-term multicomponent exercise training (MEX) and/ or pharmacological treatment plans in older adults (> 60 years old) with several chronic conditions namely hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in terms of: i) medication [antidiabetic-metformin (MET); antihypertensive- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), calcium channel blockers, thiazide related diurectics and β- blockers; antidyslipidemic- statins (ST)]; ii) physical fitness using the Senior Fitness Test battery; iii) anthropometric profile [body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)]; iv) hemodynamic and lipid profile [systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, glycemia, glicosolated hemoglobin]; v) mood states using the Profile of Mood States – Short Form (POMS) and; vi) HRQoL using the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36). This longitudinal un-randomized cohort study included a sample of 1473 comorbid older adults - age (66.5±5.9); comorbidity (2.2±1.6) - of the local community of Santa Maria da Feira, Aveiro, Portugal. Participants underwent one of 2 conditions: MEX participants (n = 1221; age [67.1±6.9]; medications [2.2±1.6]) underwent a 3 days/week, 60 minutes multicomponent exercise training, throughout 24 month intervention; and control groups maintained standard care (CO; n = 252; age [63.8±3.3]; medications [1.8± 1.6]). After the 24-month intervention, the MET group unchanged cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and HRQoL, while increased WC, WHR, SBP and tension mood state. The ACEi monotherapy worsened CRF and HRQoL, but also the upper/lower body strength and flexibility, anthropometric profile, and SBP. The ST monotherapy decreased all functional status outcomes, including CRF, upper/lower body strength and flexibility and also HRQoL. Moreover, this group augmented anthropometric and hemodynamic profile, but improved total cholesterol and bodily pain. Reversely, MEX participants decreased BM, WC, BMI, SBP, DBP, triglycerides, glycaemia, depression, tension and anger mood states, and improved all physical fitness components, particularly upper/lower body strength and CRF, vigor mood state, and physical and mental HRQoL in older adults with T2D, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Overall, the present data showed that: i) long-term MEX was the most effective treatment plan, decreasing multifactorial cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) and negative mood states, and improving functional status and positive mood states like vigor, physical and mental HRQoL, independently of the disease, antihypertensive medication or mode of therapy; ii) isolated pharmacological medications showed a negative evolution, worsening several CVR factors, decreasing functional status, augmenting negative mood states (tension and anger), and aggravating/unchanging HRQoL according to the disease; and iii) the combined groups (MEX+ MET; MEX+ ACEis; MEX+ TDs; MEX+ CCBs; MEX+ βBs; MEX+ ST) revealed an intermediated pattern between the improvements of isolated MEX and the decreases of isolated pharmacological treatments, suggesting that MEX might counterbalance the potential negative effects of the pharmachological therapies. Thus, MEX should be highly adopted/ prescribed in the early stages of T2D, hypertension and dyslipidemia as the most effective first-line non-pharmacological therapy to manage these chronic conditions. Secondly, for those that need pharmacological treatments due to the severity or cumulative risk factors, a multicomponent exercise program should be prescribed to counterbalance the negative effects that ageing and pharmacological treatments may have in terms of CVR factors, functional independence, mood states, medication consumption and HRQoL.
O envelhecimento e a longevidade aumentam o risco do desenvolvimento/ agravamento de diversas patologias crónicas que podem levar ao incremento do consumo de medicamentos e da despesa com cuidados de saúde, perda de independência e incapacidade física, a estados de humor negativos e diminuição da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e podem mesmo, em última instância, levar à mortalidade. O exercício físico e/ou alguns grupos farmacológicos poderão contrariar esses efeitos negativos. Assim, o objetivo principal desta tese é analisar o efeito longitudinal de um programa de exercício físico multicomponente (MEX) e/ou alguns grupos farmacológicos em idosos (> 60 anos) com hipertensão, diabetes e dislipidemia em termos de: i) medicamentos [antidiabéticos-metformina (MET); antihypertensores- inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina (ACEi), bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio, diuréticos e β-bloqueadores; antidyslipidémicos- estatinas (ST)]; ii) aptidão física através da bateria do Senior Fitness Test; iii) perfil antropométrico [massa corporal (MC), circunferência da cintura (CC), índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura- anca (RCA)]; iv) perfil hemodinâmico e lipídico [pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), colesterol total, lipoproteína de baixa e alta densidade, glicemia e hemoglobina glicosada]; v) estados de humor através do Profile of Mood States – Short Form (POMS); vi) QVRS através do Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36). Este estudo de coorte longitudinal não aleatorizado incluiu uma amostra de 1473 idosos com comorbidades - idade (66,5 ± 5,9); comorbidade (2,2 ± 1,6) - da comunidade de Santa Maria da Feira, Aveiro, Portugal. Os participantes foram divididos de acordo com duas condições: os participantes dos MEX (n = 1221; idade [67,1 ± 6,9]; medicações [2,2 ± 1,6]) foram submetidos a um programa de exercício físico multicomponente 3 vezes/semana, com duração de 60 minutos durante 24 meses; e os grupos de controlo mantiveram cuidados “standard” (CO; n = 252; idade [63,8 ± 3,3]; medicamentos [1,8 ± 1,6]). Após 24 meses, o grupo sob MET manteve a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (CRF) e QVRS, aumentou a CC, a RCA, a PAS e a tensão. Os ACEi agravaram CRF e QVRS, mas também a força e flexibilidade, o perfil antropométrico e a PAS. As ST diminuiram o estado funcional, incluindo CRF, a força e flexibilidade superior/ inferior do corpo, e também QVRS. Contudo, este grupo melhorou o colesterol total e a dor corporal. Por outro lado, o grupo com MEX diminuiu a MC, CC, IMC, PAS e PAD, triglicerídeos, glicemia, depressão, tensão e raiva, melhorou todos os componentes da aptidão física, particularmente a força superior e inferior e a CRF, aumentou o vigor e a QVRS física e mental na diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão e dislipidemia. Analiticamente, os dados mostraram que: i) O MEX foi o plano de tratamento mais eficaz, diminuindo os factores de risco cardiovasculares (RCV), os estados de humor negativos, melhorando o estado funcional e incrementando estados de humor positivos como o vigor, e a QVRS física e mental, independentemente da patologia, da medicação anti-hipertensiva ou modo de terapia; ii) os tratamentos farmacológicos agravaram vários fatores de RCV, diminuiram o estado funcional, aumentaram os estados de humor negativos (tensão e raiva) e decresceram/ não alteraram a QVRS de acordo com a patologia; iii) mostrou-se também que as terapias combinadas (MEX+MET, MEX+ACEis, MEX+TDs, MEX+CCBs, MEX+βBs, MEX+ST) revelaram um padrão intermédio, entre as melhorias do MEX e os decréscimos dos grupos farmacológicos, sugerindo que o MEX parece contrabalançar os efeitos negativos que o envelhecimento e os tratamentos farmacológicos parecem ter. Assim, o MEX deve ser adotado/ prescrito em estágios iniciais da diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão e dislipidemia, como a terapia mais eficaz para a manutenção destas patologias. Mostrou-se também, que para os idosos que devido à severidade ou multiplicidade dos fatores de risco necessitam do tratamento farmacológico, deve ser prescrito, conjuntamente, um programa de exercício multicomponente para contrabalançar os efeitos negativos que o envelhecimento e as terapias farmacológicas parecem ter nos fatores de RCV, na independência funcional, nos estados de humor, no consumo de medicamentos e na QVRS.

Museums as colonial institutions and agents in nation building have constructed, circulated and reinforced colonialist, patriarchal, heteronormative and cisnormative national narratives. Yet, these institutions can be subverted, resisted and transformed into sites of critical public pedagogy especially when they invite Indigenous artists and curators to intervene critically. They are thus becoming important spaces for Indigenous counter-narratives, self-representation and resistance—and for settler education. My study inquired into Cree artist Kent Monkman’s commissioned touring exhibition Shame and Prejudice: A Story of Resilience which offers a critical response to Canada’s celebration of its sesquicentennial. Narrated by Monkman’s alter ego, Miss Chief Eagle Testickle, the exhibition tells the story of the past 150 years from an Indigenous perspective. Seeking to work on unsettling my “settler within” (Regan, 2010, p. 13) and contribute to understandings of the education needed for transforming Indigenous-settler relations, I visited and studied the exhibition at the Glenbow Museum in Calgary, Alberta and the Confederation Centre Art Gallery in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. My study brings together exhibition analysis, to examine how the exhibition’s elements work together to produce meaning and experience, with autoethnography as a means to distance myself from the stance of expert analyst and allow for settler reflexivity and vulnerability. I developed a three-lens framework (narrative, representational and relational/embodied) for exhibition analysis which itself became unsettled. What I experienced is an exhibition that has at its core a holism that brings together head, heart, body and spirit pulled together by the thread of the exhibition’s powerful storytelling. I therefore contend that Monkman and Miss Chief create a decolonizing, truth-telling space which not only invites a questioning of hegemonic narratives but also operates as a potentially unsettling site of experiential learning. As my self-discovery approach illustrates, exhibitions such as Monkman’s can profoundly disrupt the Euro-Western epistemological space of the museum with more holistic, relational, storied public pedagogies. For me, this led to deeply unsettling experiences and new ways of knowing and learning. As for if, to what extent, or how the exhibition will unsettle other visitors, I can only speak of its pedagogical possibilities. My own learning as a settler and adult educator suggests that when museums invite Indigenous intervention, they create important possibilities for unsettling settler histories, identities, relationships, epistemologies and pedagogies. This can inform public pedagogy and adult education discourses in ways that encourage interrogating, unsettling and reorienting Eurocentric theories, methodologies and practices, even those we characterize as critical and transformative. Using the lens of my own unsettling, and engaging in a close reading of Monkman’s exhibition, I expand my understandings of pedagogy and thus my capacities to contribute to understandings of public pedagogical mechanisms, specifically in relation to unsettling exhibition pedagogies and as part of a growing conversation between critical adult education and museum studies.
Graduate