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Journal articles on the topic 'Adult intelligence test'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Climie, Emma A., and Kristin Rostad. "Test Review: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 29, no. 6 (November 2, 2011): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282911408707.

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2

Stecka, Mariola, and Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz. "Polish Adult Reading Test – PART – construction of polish test for estimation the level of premorbid intelligence in schizophrenia." Psychiatria Polska 51, no. 4 (August 29, 2017): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/63207.

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3

Walters, Steven O., and Kenneth A. Weaver. "Relationships between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1111.

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The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test detects learning problems of young students and is a screen for whether a more comprehensive test of intelligence is needed. A study to assess whether this test was valid as an adult intelligence test was conducted with 20 undergraduate psychology majors. The correlations between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test's Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices test scores and their corresponding Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition test scores, the Full Scale ( r = .88), Verbal ( r = .77), and Performance scores ( r = .87), indicated very strong relationships. In addition, no significant differences were obtained between the Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices means of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance means of the WAIS–III. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test appears to be a valid test of intelligence for adults.

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4

Dumont, Ron, and Cliff Hagberg. "Book Review: Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (2nd ed.)." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 12, no. 2 (June 1994): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428299401200210.

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5

Brown, Douglas T. "Review of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT)." Journal of School Psychology 32, no. 1 (March 1994): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(94)90030-2.

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6

Rossini, Edward D., Edward J. Wygonik, Deborah E. Barrett, and Beth Friedman. "WAIS—R Validation of the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness." Psychological Reports 74, no. 3_suppl (June 1994): 1339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3c.1339.

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This preliminary study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness as a brief intelligence test using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised as the criterion of adult intellectual achievement. Analyses indicated that the Total score on Thurstone's test was significantly correlated with the standard summary scores as well as with the WAIS—R factor scores. On the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness scores could accurately predict WAIS—R intelligence for this nonclinical sample of 32 undergraduates. The concurrent validity of the test as a brief intelligence test was inferred and the results were consistent with the range of correlations expected among all measures of global intellectual achievement. Reading comprehension was suggested as a principal factor attenuating the correlation between the two tests.

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7

Bright, Peter, Emily Hale, Vikki Jayne Gooch, Thomas Myhill, and Ian van der Linde. "The National Adult Reading Test: restandardisation against the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth edition." Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 28, no. 6 (September 14, 2016): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2016.1231121.

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8

Zagar, Robert John, Joseph W. Kovach, Kenneth G. Busch, Michael D. Zablocki, William Osnowitz, Jonas Neuhengen, Yutong Liu, and Agata Karolina Zagar. "Ammons Quick Test Validity among Randomly Selected Referrals." Psychological Reports 113, no. 3 (December 2013): 823–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/03.04.pr0.113x29z0.

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After selection using a random number table, from volunteer referrals, 89 Youth (61 boys, 28 girls; 48 African Americans, 2 Asian Americans, 27 Euro-Americans, 12 Hispanic Americans), and 147 Adults (107 men, 40 women; 11 African Americans, 6 Asian Americans, 124 Euro-Americans, 6 Hispanic Americans) were administered the Amnions Quick Test (QT). Means, confidence intervals, standard deviations, and Pearson product-moment correlations among tests were computed. The Amnions QT was moderately to strongly and significantly correlated statistically with: the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3b (PPVT-3b); the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-2 Parent/Teacher Form; the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-4) or the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-4); and the Wide Range Achievement Test-Fourth Edition (WRAT-4) Blue and Green Forms. After 51 years, the original norms for the Amnions QT remain valid measures of receptive vocabulary, verbal intelligence, and auditory information processing useful to clinicians.

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9

WALTERS, STEVEN O. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE KAUFMAN BRIEF INTELLIGENCE TEST AND THE WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE-THIRD EDITION." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3 (2003): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.92.3.1111-1115.

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WALTERS, STEVEN O. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE KAUFMAN BRIEF INTELLIGENCE TEST AND THE WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE-THIRD EDITION." Psychological Reports 92, no. 4 (2003): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.92.4.1111-1115.

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11

Demsky, Yvonne I., Carlton S. Gass, and Charles J. Golden. "Common Short Forms of the Spanish Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3 (December 1997): 1121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.1121.

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Although the Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler (EIWA) has remained the only standard Spanish version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and is consequently the most often-used intelligence test with Spanish-speaking clients, little information exists on the psychometric properties of the test beyond the information in the test manual (Wechsler, 1968). There is no information on the validity or reliability of commonly used short forms of the test, the two-test version using Block Design and Vocabulary, and the four-test version using Block Design, Vocabulary, Arithmetic, and Picture Arrangement. Using the statistical data in the test manual, the two-test version yielded reliabilities of .94 to .95 across the three standardization age groups and validity ratings of .92 to .93. Values for the four-test version were slightly higher, and all were comparable to those for the WAIS and WAIS–R. The results suggest that the short forms can be used with the same confidence with the Spanish WAIS as on the WAIS.

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12

Grossman, Ira, Alan S. Kaufman, and Dana Grossman. "Correlations of Scores on the Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment Procedure and the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test for a Hospitalized Depressed Sample." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 3 (December 1993): 1055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3.1055.

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Scores on the K-SNAP, a new brief cognitive measure designed to assess neuropsychological functioning in adolescents and adults, were correlated with KAIT IQs, a comprehensive test that measures fluid and crystallized intelligence. The sample included 33 adolescent and adult patients hospitalized for depression. The K-SNAP correlated significantly higher with fluid than crystallized intelligence.

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13

Smith, Andrew. "Breakfast Consumption and Intelligence in Elderly Persons." Psychological Reports 82, no. 2 (April 1998): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.424.

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The relationship between breakfast cereal consumption and intelligence was examined in a sample of 205 adults aged between 60 and 79 years. Those who consumed breakfast cereal every day had a higher mean score (38.4) on the National Adult Reading Test, known to correlate highly with intelligence, than that ( M = 34.7) for the irregular breakfast eaters (WAIS predicted IQs for breakfast cereal everyday 118 and for irregular breakfast eaters 115).

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14

Woods, Stephen A., Daniel P. Hinton, Sophie von Stumm, and James Bellman-Jeffreys. "Personality and Intelligence." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 2 (March 2019): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000391.

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Abstract. In this study, we examine the associations of the scales of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; a measure of personality traits) with intelligence measured by four cognitive ability tests, completed by a sample of 4,876 working adults. We framed our analyses of the correlations around the investment perspective on the personality-intelligence relationship that proposes traits are associated with investment in intellectual activity, which develops cognitive abilities over time. In particular, we report associations between investment-related scales (Intellectual Efficiency, Flexibility, Achievement via Independence, Psychological-mindedness, and Tolerance) and a higher-order personality factor (Originality) of the CPI with intelligence measured at broad and narrow levels of abstraction. We found positive associations between investment-related scales, and Originality with observed ability test scores and factor g extracted from test scores. We found positive associations of traits with unique variance in verbal ability measures, but negative with measures of quantitative and visuospatial abilities. Our study extends the literature on investment theories of intelligence-personality relations, is the first study to examine the associations of multiple scales of the CPI with intelligence measures, and adds much needed data to the literature from a working adult sample.

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15

Layton, C. "Unemployment and Intelligence." Psychological Reports 57, no. 2 (October 1985): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.2.653.

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The Mill Hill (Form I, Set B Synonyms) was administered to 186 prospective male school-leavers and 101 adult men facing redundancy to test the popular belief that the unemployed are less intelligent. Some 6 months postschool and redundancy, employment status was sought. No significant differences were noted for either sample between those who found employment and those who were unemployed.

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16

Crawford, J. R., D. M. Parker, and J. A. O. Besson. "Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence in Organic Conditions." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 2 (August 1988): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.2.178.

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The validity of premorbid IQ estimates provided by the National Adult Reading Test (NART) and Vocabulary sub-test of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were evaluated, by comparison with matched, healthy control subjects, in Korsakoff psychosis, alcoholic dementia, dementia Alzheimer type (DAT), multi-infarct dementia (MID), Huntington's disease, and closed head injury (CHI). There was no significant difference in NART performance between control subjects and the alcoholic dementia, DAT, MID, and CHI groups. Although there appeared to be a decline in NART performance in the Korsakoff and Huntington's groups, it did provide a significantly higher IQ estimate than the Vocabulary sub-test. All clinical groups, with the exception of the CHI group, performed at a significantly lower level than the control group on the Vocabulary sub-test.

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17

Pluck, Graham. "Preliminary Validation of a Free-to-Use, Brief Assessment of Adult Intelligence for Research Purposes: The Matrix Matching Test." Psychological Reports 122, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 709–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118762589.

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The concept of intelligence as a measurable trait of intellectual function continues to be an important issue in psychology. Traditionally, a core field of differential psychology and widely employed in applied settings, it is also important in various research fields. Here, I describe development of a new assessment of general intelligence of adults that has no language component and can be administered in about 10 minutes. A total sample of 176 adult participants, from various settings, was assessed with a set of matrix tasks that involved either visuospatial (fluid) or semantic (crystallized) reasoning. The internal consistency was acceptable (α = .748), and there was good four-week test–retest reliability ( r = .931). Concurrent validity was demonstrated by a high correlation between the new test and the (seven-subtest version) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) scores ( r = .889). A principal component analysis also suggested that the new test measures the same latent construct as the WAIS-IV—thought to be general intelligence. Predictive validity was shown in a subsample of 60 undergraduates by a medium-sized correlation between test scores and grade point average data ( r = .396). These preliminary results suggest that the Matrix Matching Test may be a useful research tool.

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18

Pieters, Huibrie C., and D. A. Louw. "Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wechsler-Intelligensieskaal vir Volwassenes: 'n Kritiese perspektief." South African Journal of Psychology 17, no. 4 (December 1987): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638701700405.

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The South African Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: A critical perspective. The South African Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (SAWAIS) is applied widely, but may no longer be serving its purpose more than 25 years after its introduction. Certain negative implications for research with the test are highlighted. It is not clear which abilities the SAWAIS measures, and students are trained to use the SAWAIS in a clinical diagnostic way which is applicable to the American situation. The uncritical and one-sided way in which the SAWAIS is used as a diagnostic aid is criticized. The research literature is discussed to illustrate the many inconsistent results regarding the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy, as well as subtest scatter. It is suggested that attention should be given urgently to either the restandardization of the SAWAIS, or the compilation of a new South African intelligence test for adults.

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19

Holmstrom, R. W., S. A. Karp, and D. E. Silber. "Relationship between the Apperceptive Personality Test and Verbal Intelligence in a University Sample." Psychological Reports 73, no. 2 (October 1993): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.575.

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This study examined the relationship between verbal intelligence and the Apperceptive Personality Test/Brief Adult in a university sample. The recently developed test is a picture-story assessment technique and, as with its parent test, the Apperceptive Personality Test/Comprehensive Adult, combines both projective and objective features. Research to date with both tests has focused on some 19 (objectively scored) questionnaire variables selected for intensive study. The relationship of questionnaire variables to verbal intelligence has not been directly studied. To examine this question, a sample of 149 undergraduates (108 women, 41 men) took the personality test and the Shipley-Hartford Vocabulary Scale. As expected, results generally confirmed the expectation that personality variables would show minimal or no relation with verbal intelligence.

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20

Ito, Haruna, Naoko Kawano, and Kasumi Ohkawa. "Impact of intelligence for the Trail Making Test performance in elderly adult." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 3AM—2–023–3AM—2–023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_3am-2-023.

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21

Hishinuma, Earl S. "Issues Related to WAIS-R Testing Modifications for Individuals with Learning Disabilities or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Learning Disability Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August 1998): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511084.

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The stakes are high: diagnosis for better self-understanding, test adjustments for more meaningful scores, program eligibility for treatment and services, college admissions, and employment accommodations. These benefits could be available to adolescents and adults with learning disabilities or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In deriving such diagnoses, professional ethics and federal legislation require high standards, especially when testing special populations. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) is the most commonly used and well-respected adolescent and adult intelligence test (Spruill, 1987). However, not enough discussion and research have centered around test accommodations when assessing individuals with mild disabilities using the WAIS-R. The purposes of this article are to provide an overview of the WAIS-R, present ethical and legal issues, discuss the schism of standardized testing vs. modifications, provide assessment alternatives, summarize practitioner guidelines, and suggest further research.

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22

Kvaal, Steven A., Edward Wygonik, Angelika Spanos, and Sarah Landsberger. "A Revalidation of the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness as a Brief Measure of Intelligence through Comparison with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (April 2001): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.581.

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In earlier research, Rossini, Wygonik, Barrett, and Friedman (1994) demonstrated that the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness (TMA) is a valid, brief measure of intelligence by comparing it to the Wechsler Scale of Adult Intelligence–Revised, which was at that time the “gold standard” of IQ assessment. Since that study, the WAIS has again been revised and reissued in a third edition, the WAIS–III. We assessed the relationship between scores on the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness and this latest WAIS test to see if there is still a predictive relationship between the two tests. Correlations between the two tests and the accuracy of TMA point estimates of IQ indicate that the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness remains a viable brief measure of adult intelligence.

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23

Burton, D. Bradley, Richard I. Naugle, and Joneen M. Schuster. "A structural equation analysis of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised." Psychological Assessment 7, no. 4 (December 1995): 538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.538.

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24

MORRISON, G., V. SHARKEY, J. ALLARDYCE, R. C. KELLY, and R. G. McCREADIE. "Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 21: a longitudinal study of National Adult Reading Test stability." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 3 (May 2000): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799001920.

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Background. The stability of the National Adult Reading Test (NART) as a measure of pre-morbid intelligence in schizophrenia has not yet been satisfactorily established despite the widespread use of the NART in schizophrenia research.Method. We examined NART stability in a diverse group of 45 schizophrenic patients in a prospective longitudinal study over 6·5–7·5 years.Results. The results showed that NART performance does not decline significantly with increasing duration of schizophrenic illness and that test–retest reliability, even over 6·5–7·5 years, is extremely high.Discussion. Our results provide the necessary evidence that the NART can be used as a stable measure of pre-morbid intelligence in schizophrenia.

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25

Et. al., Dr Ziyad Kamel Ellala,. "The Level of Multiple Intelligences of Deaf Adult Students at Al-Ain University and The University of Tabuk." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.537.

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The study aimed to identify the level of multiple intelligences among deaf adult students, attending both Al-Ain University and the University of Tabuk from their point of view in the light of multiple variables (including sex, university, employment). The study sample consisted of 82 deaf students divided among two groups. Thirty two (32) students were from Al-Ain University distributed 1 2) Student ) 11 (student. From Tabuk University fifty (50) students were distributed into two groups of students numbering (23) and (27) respectively. To achieve the objectives of the study a scale developed by researcher Walter Mackenzie (Mackenzie, 1999) was used. The scale scans multiple intelligences; included on the scale was eighty (80) statements distributed over eight (8) areas, where each area represents a kind of multiple intelligence. To derive results, the mean, standard deviations and a T-test were used to answer the designated study questions. The Study Results showed c and d differences D of the self/inner intelligence, verbal/linguistic intelligence, social/external intelligence, visual/spatial intelligence, and the total score of the scale was in favor of females. There were no significant differences in other areas depending on the variable sex (male, female). The results showed there to be significant differences in the field verbal intelligence/linguistic to the benefit of deaf adult students at Tabuk University in Saudi Arabia. There was no significant differences in the other fields according to the university variable, Al Ain for Science and Technology and Tabuk. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences according to the emloyment condition variable in the intelligence fields verbal/linguistic, social/external, natural intelligence/environmental, physical/motor and musical/rhythmic) in favor of non-staff. The absence of significant differences was found in the rest of the areas depending on the variable employment (employee, non-employee). The study came up with several recommendations.

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Abdelhamid, Gomaa S. M., Juana Gómez-Benito, Ahmed T. M. Abdeltawwab, Mostafa H. S. Abu Bakr, and Amina M. Kazem. "A Demonstration of Mokken Scale Analysis Methods Applied to Cognitive Test Validation Using the Egyptian WAIS-IV." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38, no. 4 (July 9, 2019): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282919862144.

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The fourth edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) has been used extensively for assessing adult intelligence. This study uses Mokken scale analysis to investigate the psychometric proprieties of WAIS-IV subtests adapted for the Egyptian population in a sample of 250 adults between 18 and 25 years of age. The monotone homogeneity model and the double monotonicity model were consistent with the subtest data. The items of all subtests except Matrix Reasoning, Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary formed a unidimensional scale. The WAIS-IV subtests have discriminatory and invariantly ordered items, although some items violated the invariant item ordering and scalability criteria. Therefore, the WAIS-IV subtests—with the exception of some items—are hierarchical scales that allow items to be ordered according to difficulty and subjects to be ordered using the sum score. In conclusion, the current study provides evidence of the dimensionality and hierarchy of the WAIS-IV subtests in the framework of Mokken scaling, although care should be taken when interpreting or including certain items.

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27

Bass, Barry A., and Paul G. Levkulic. "Effects of Verbal Reinforcements upon WAIS Scores of Examinees High and Low in Anxiety." Psychological Reports 56, no. 1 (February 1985): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.1.261.

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This study examined the effect of contingent verbal reinforcement upon the intelligence test performance of adults high and low in anxiety. 60 white undergraduates were divided into groups of 30 of high anxiety and 30 of low anxiety on the basis of their IPAT Anxiety Scale scores. Each examinee received the Quick Test as a premeasure of intelligence and then the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale under experimental conditions. 15 subjects with low and 15 subjects with high anxiety received verbal reinforcement after each correct response on the WAIS, while another 15 in each group performed under standard testing conditions. Results were not consistent with previous findings in that WAIS Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQs were not significantly affected by reinforcement condition or anxiety level.

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Joncas, Jasmine, and Lionel Standing. "How Much Do Accurate Instructions Raise Scores on a Timed Test?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3_suppl (June 1998): 1257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3c.1257.

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This study assessed the performance increment obtainable with small changes in test instructions, using the Digit Symbol subtest of the original Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Scores were raised by 47% ( N = 60) under more explicit instructions than the standard instructions.

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29

Johnstone, Brick, and Karen L. Wilhelm. "The Construct Validity of the Hooper Visual Organization Test." Assessment 4, no. 3 (September 1997): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107319119700400304.

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Although the Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) is commonly described as a measure of “visual-spatial integration,” face validity suggests it measures global visual-spatial intelligence similar to the revised edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) performance IQ (PIQ) subtests. The present study investigated the construct validity of the VOT by comparing it to conceptually similar and dissimilar cognitive abilities in a principal components factor analysis of 240 participants with cognitive impairment. Results indicated that the VOT falls within a global visual-spatial factor and shares the following variance with the other tests that loaded on this factor: WAIS-R PIQ subtests, 12% to 23%; Category Test, 11%; the revised edition of the Wechsler Memory Scale Visual Reproduction I subtest, 10%; and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, 9%. Previous studies, current results, and face validity suggest the VOT is best considered a measure of global visual-spatial intelligence. Clinical implications are discussed.

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30

McGrew, Kevin S., Stephanie A. Untiedt, and Dawn P. Flanagan. "General Factor and Uniqueness Characteristics of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT)." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 14, no. 3 (September 1996): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428299601400302.

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31

Caruso, John C., and Susan Jacob-Timm. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test with Young Adolescents." Assessment 8, no. 1 (March 2001): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107319110100800102.

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32

Johnson, J. Amanda, and Ames O. Rust. "Correlational Analysis of Microcog: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—III for a Clinical Sample of Veterans." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3_suppl (December 2003): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1261.

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With rapid advances in technology and an emphasis in efficiency in psychological testing, there is a need to investigate the relation between a computerized cognitive examination and a traditional individually administered intelligence test. The current study provided correlations of intelligence scores from MicroCog: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning and intelligence scores from WAIS–III. MicroCog is a single computerized test measuring intelligence and the WAIS–III is a single traditionally administered test measuring intelligence. The study included 30 participants referred for psychological testing at a Veterans Medical Center in Tennessee as part of the standard intake process. Half of the participants were administered MicroCog first and half the WAIS–III first. Analysis indicated scores on the two tests were positively correlated. Index scores measuring similar constructs also were positively correlated. However, MicroCog was significantly more difficult than the WAIS–III in that scores were, on average, lower on MicroCog.

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33

Buckhalt, Joseph A., Ron L. McGhee, and David J. Ehrler. "An Investigation of Gf-Gc Theory in the Older Adult Population: Joint Factor Analysis of the Woodcock-Johnson–Revised and the Detroit Test of Learning Aptitude–Adult." Psychological Reports 88, no. 3_suppl (June 2001): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3c.1161.

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Researchers and clinicians are increasingly interested in the structure of intelligence among older adults. A joint factor analysis was conducted for 27 subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery–Revised and the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude–Adult for a sample of 50 persons ranging in age from 55 to 84 years ( M = 65.16 yr.). The results provide evidence for the latent factors specified by Gf-Gc theory in older adults, indicate which Gf-Gc factors are measured by subtests of the two batteries, and illustrate the necessity of cross-battery assessment to identify the full complement of Gf-Gc factors.

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Lezak, Muriel D. "More Practice Effect Tables for More Effective Practice: Practitioner's Guide to Evaluating Change with Intellectual Assessment Instruments, R.J. McCaffrey, K. Duff, and H.J. Westervelt (Eds.). 2001. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. 280 pp., $69.95 (PB)." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 6 (September 2002): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702246160.

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Clinicians owe a debt of gratitude to McCaffrey and his team for developing not just one (McCaffrey et al., 2000) but now a second set of tables providing an extensive compilation of test–retest data for tests commonly used in neuropsychological assessment. The newest Practitioner's Guide presents the retest findings for all four versions of the adult Wechsler Intelligence Scale [Wechsler-Bellevue, the original Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and its variants: WAIS–R, WAIS–III, WAIS–RNI], plus the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with its variants (WISC–R, WISC–III) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. For each of Wechsler's batteries this guide provides retest data for the scores in common use (e.g., IQ, VIQ, PIQ, each individual test, and WAIS–III index scores). In addition retest findings are given for the North American Reading Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices, Shipley-Hartford Institute of Living Scale, and for 13 Stanford-Binet studies (form L-M, judging from study dates; all but five are IQ scores).

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Duchesneau, André P. "Alexithymia and Visual Perception." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.291.

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60 subjects were administered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, a screening test for alexithymia, and categorized by the usual scoring procedure. Each subject was then given the six Performance subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised which address aspects of visual perception, organization, and construction. Analysis indicated that the alexithymic group scored significantly lower on two tests of visual perception, Picture Completion and Digit Symbol of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised.

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Campanholo, Kenia Repiso, Marcos Antunes Romão, Melissa de Almeida Rodrigues Machado, Valéria Trunkl Serrao, Denise Gonçalves Cunha Coutinho, Gláucia Rosana Guerra Benute, and Mara Cristina Souza de Lucia. "Performance of an adult Brazilian sample on the Trail Making Test and Stroop Test." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, no. 1 (March 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn81000005.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Test (ST) are attention tests widely used in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the adult Brazilian population and to study the influence of gender, age and education on the TMT parts A and B, and ST cards A, B and C. Methods: We recruited 1447 healthy subjects aged ≥18 years with an educational level of 0-25 years who were native speakers of Portuguese (Brazilian). The subjects were evaluated by the Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III, along with the TMTA, TMTB and ST A, B and C. Results: Among the participants, mean intellectual efficiency was 103.20 (SD: 12.0), age 41.0 (SD: 16.4) years and education 11.9 (SD: 5.6) years. There were significant differences between genders on the TMTA (p=0.002), TMTB (p=0.017) and STC (p=0.024). Age showed a positive correlation with all attention tests, whereas education showed a negative correlation. Gender was not found to be significant on the multiple linear regression model, but age and education maintained their interference. Conclusion: Gender did not have the major impact on attentional tasks observed for age and education, both of which should be considered in the stratification of normative samples.

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Umphress, Thomas B. "A Comparison of Low IQ Scores From the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale— Third Edition." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2008.46:229-233.

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Abstract Twenty people with suspected intellectual disability took the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS; C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus, 1998) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—3rd Edition (WAIS-III; D. Wechsler, 1997) to see if the 2 IQ tests produced comparable results. A t test showed that the RIAS Composite Intelligence Index scores were significantly higher than WAIS-III Full Scale IQ scores at the alpha level of .01. There was a significant difference between the RIAS Nonverbal Intelligence and WAIS-III Performance Scale, but there was no significant difference between the RIAS Verbal Intelligence Index and the WAIS-III Verbal Scale IQ. The results raise questions concerning test selection for diagnosing intellectual disability and the use of the correlation statistic for comparing intelligence tests.

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Crawford, J. R., J. A. O. Besson, M. Bremner, K. P. Ebmeier, R. H. B. Cochrane, and K. Kirkwood. "Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 1 (July 1992): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.1.69.

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To determine whether the National Adult Reading Test (NART) would provide a valid estimate of premorbid intelligence in schizophrenia, two schizophrenic samples were recruited, one consisting of 35 patients resident in long-stay wards, the other of 29 patients normally resident in the community. Schizophrenic patients were individually matched for age, sex, and education with a healthy, normal subject. Both schizophrenic samples scored significantly lower on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) than their respective control groups. NART-estimated IQ did not differ significantly between the community-resident schizophrenics and their controls, suggesting that the NART provides a valid means of estimating premorbid intelligence in such a population. NART-estimated IQ was significantly lower in the long-stay sample than in their controls. Although low NART scores in this latter sample could be a valid reflection of low premorbid IQ, the alternative explanation that NART performance was impaired by onset of the disease cannot be ruled out.

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Quintero, Javier, Rosa Vera, Isabel Morales, Pilar Zuluaga, and Alberto Fernández. "Emotional Intelligence as an Evolutive Factor on Adult With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 10 (January 17, 2017): 1462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716688251.

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Objective: ADHD adults exhibit deficits in emotion recognition, regulation, and expression. Emotional intelligence (EI) correlates with better life performance and is considered a skill that can be learned and developed. The aim of this study was to assess EI development as ability in ADHD adults, considering the effect of comorbid psychiatric disorders and previous diagnosis of ADHD. Method: Participants ( n = 116) were distributed in four groups attending to current comorbidities and previous ADHD diagnosis, and administered the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test version 2.0 to assess their EI level. Results: ADHD adults with comorbidity with no previous diagnosis had lower EI development than healthy controls and the rest of ADHD groups. In addition, ADHD severity in childhood or in adulthood did not influence the current EI level. Conclusion: EI development as a therapeutic approach could be of use in ADHD patients with comorbidities.

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Lassiter, Kerry S., T. Darin Matthews, Nancy L. Bell, and Carrie M. Maher. "Comparison of the General Ability Measure for Adults and the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test with college students." Psychology in the Schools 39, no. 5 (August 5, 2002): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.10053.

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Stella, Florindo, and Jayme Antunes Maciel. "Intelligence functions disorders in patients with complex partial epilepsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 62, no. 4 (December 2004): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2004000600010.

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OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of patients with complex partial epilepsy with the normal controls in the subtests of an instrument used to assess intelligence function. METHOD: Fifty epileptic patients, whose ages ranged from 19 to 49 years and 20 normal controls without any neuropsychiatric disorders. The Wechsler-Bellevue adult intelligence test was applied in groups, epileptic patients and control subjects. This test is composed of several subtests that assess specific cognitive functions. A statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS: All the Wechsler-Bellevue subtests revealed that the intelligence functions of the patients were significantly inferior to that of the controls (p<0.05). This performance was supported by the patient's complaints in relation to their cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Patients with complex partial epilepsy presented poorer results in the intelligence test when compared with individuals without neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Nikulina, Valentina, and Cathy Spatz Widom. "Higher Levels of Intelligence and Executive Functioning Protect Maltreated Children Against Adult Arrests: A Prospective Study." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 1 (November 18, 2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518808218.

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Research shows that maltreated children are at elevated risk of arrest as adults and that higher verbal intelligence, reading ability, and executive functioning (abstract reasoning and cognitive flexibility) may be protective against criminal behavior. The current study examines this hypothesis using data from court-substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect and demographically matched controls followed prospectively into middle adulthood ( N = 1,196). At age 29, verbal intelligence was assessed with the Quick Test and reading ability with the Wide Range Achievement Test–Revised. At age 41, abstract reasoning was assessed with the Matrix Reasoning Test and cognitive flexibility with the Trail Making Test-B. Arrest records were gathered from law enforcement agencies through mean age 51. Data were analyzed with binomial logistic regressions. The results indicated that maltreated children were at increased risk of arrest for nonviolent and violent crime. Higher verbal intelligence, reading ability, nonverbal reasoning, and cognitive flexibility were protective against arrest for violent crime. The protective effects of neuropsychological functions were more pronounced for violent than nonviolent crime, for the control than maltreated children, and differed by gender and race. These results suggest that interventions targeting improved cognitive and neuropsychological functions may serve an important role in reducing risk of crime.

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Gignac, Gilles E. "A moderate financial incentive can increase effort, but not intelligence test performance in adult volunteers." British Journal of Psychology 109, no. 3 (February 10, 2018): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12288.

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Flanagan, Dawn P., Vincent C. Alfonso, and Rosemary Flanagan. "A Review of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test: An Advancement in Cognitive Assessment?" School Psychology Review 23, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 512–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1994.12085729.

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Yi, Dahyun, Eun Hyun Seo, Ji Young Han, Bo Kyung Sohn, Min Soo Byun, Jun Ho Lee, Young Min Choe, et al. "Development of the Korean Adult Reading Test (KART) to estimate premorbid intelligence in dementia patients." PLOS ONE 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2017): e0181523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181523.

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MacCluskie, K. C., R. H. Tunick, J. G. Dial, and D. S. Paul. "The Role of Vision in the Development of Abstraction Ability." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 92, no. 3 (March 1998): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9809200306.

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The study reported here investigated the differences in verbal and nonverbal abstraction ability of adults who became blind before age 2 and those who lost their sight after the age of 5, when their expressive language ability would have been more fully developed. No significant differences between the two groups were found in these areas, as measured by the Cognitive Test for the Blind and the Verbal sub-scale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). The finding that educational level affects the variability of scores on the WAIS-R suggests that differences in educational experiences may significantly influence individuals’ performance on standardized measures of intelligence.

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Kazumata, Ken, Khin Khin Tha, Kikutaro Tokairin, Masaki Ito, Haruto Uchino, Masahito Kawabori, and Taku Sugiyama. "Brain Structure, Connectivity, and Cognitive Changes Following Revascularization Surgery in Adult Moyamoya Disease." Neurosurgery 85, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): E943—E952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz176.

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AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of the combined direct/indirect revascularization surgery in Moyamoya disease has not been evaluated sufficiently with regard to cognitive function, brain microstructure, and connectivity.OBJECTIVETo investigate structural and functional changes following revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) through a combined analysis of brain morphology, microstructure, connectivity, and neurobehavioral data.METHODSNeurobehavioral and neuroimaging examinations were performed in 25 adults with MMD prior to and >12 mo after revascularization surgery. Cognitive function was investigated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III, Trail-Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Test, Stroop test, and Wechsler Memory Scale. We assessed white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging, brain morphometry using magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequences, and brain connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).RESULTSCognitive examinations revealed significant changes in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ), performance IQ (PIQ), perceptual organization (PO), processing speed, and Stroop test scores after surgery (P < .05). Enlargement of the lateral ventricle, volume reductions in the corpus callosum and subcortical nuclei, and cortical thinning in the prefrontal cortex were also observed (P < .05). Fractional anisotropy in the white matter tracts, including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, increased 2 to 4 yr after surgery, relative to that observed in the presurgical state (P < .05). Resting-state brain connectivity was increased predominantly in the fronto-cerebellar circuit and was positively correlated with improvements in PIQ and PO (P < .05).CONCLUSIONRevascularization surgery may improve processing speed and attention in adult patients with MMD. Further, multimodal MRI may be useful for detecting subtle postsurgical brain structural changes, reorganization of white matter tracts, and brain connectivity alterations.

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Warner, Molly H., John Ernst, and Brenda D. Townes. "Comparison of WAIS and WAIS—R Factor Structure for Neuropsychiatric Patients." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (October 1986): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.715.

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The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale vs the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised was examined using two samples of 198 and 276 neuropsychiatric patients. Results of two- and three-factor principal factor solutions with varimax rotations were compared across test forms. Results supported comparable two-factor models for both scales. The third factor, Freedom From Distractibility, accounted for a small percentage of the total variances. Composition of the third factor was inconsistent between samples, calling into question the clinical and theoretical utility of this construct.

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Coleman, Maggie, Alicia Paredes Scribner, Susan Johnsen, and Margaret Kohel Evans. "A Comparison between the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-2 with Mexican-American Secondary Students." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 11, no. 3 (September 1993): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428299301100305.

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Wagner, Edwin E. "Measured Intelligence of Problematic Patients with Chronic Pain." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3 (June 1996): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.939.

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100 patients with chronic pain judged “problematic” by their referring physicians were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test–Revised. 38 obtained IQs of 85 or less while only 11 earned IQs of 101 or higher. While a number of confounds may have influenced these results, low intelligence appears to be a marker for negative treatment prognosis, at least as perceived by physicians, and its influence would seem to merit further investigation and clarification.

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