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Journal articles on the topic 'Adulterated dietary supplements'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Ling, Amy G. "FDA to Ban Sales of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500007506.

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On December 30, 2003, the FDA announced that it will publish a rule banning sales of ephedra - a dietary supplement often utilized for weight loss, increased energy, and enhanced athletic performance - because it poses an unreasonable health risk.The ban will be issued under the auspices of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), in response to a process that began in June of 1997, when the FDA first proposed a mandatory warning statement on dietary supplements containing ephedra. FDAs analysis of the scientific evidence has led it to conclude that dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury and are therefore adulterated under Section 402(f)(1)(A) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?

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2

Hu, Bin, Yingyan Huang, Guo Yin, Gaofei Zhang, Liyang Zhang, Tiejie Wang, and Zhong-Ping Yao. "Rapid detection of adulterated drugs in herbal dietary supplements by wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 38 (2016): 6840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay01735e.

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3

Wu, Nao, Stéphane Balayssac, Saïda Danoun, Myriam Malet-Martino, and Véronique Gilard. "Chemometric Analysis of Low-field 1H NMR Spectra for Unveiling Adulteration of Slimming Dietary Supplements by Pharmaceutical Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051193.

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The recent introduction of compact or low-field (LF) NMR spectrometers that use permanent magnets, giving rise to proton (1H) NMR frequencies between 40 and 80 MHz, have opened up new areas of application. The two main limitations of the technique are its insensitivity and poor spectral resolution. However, this study demonstrates that the chemometric treatment of LF 1H NMR spectral data is suitable for unveiling medicines as adulterants of slimming dietary supplements (DS). To this aim, 66 DS were analyzed with LF 1H NMR after quick and easy sample preparation. A first PLS-DA model built with the LF 1H NMR spectra from forty DS belonging to two classes of weight-loss DS (non-adulterated, and sibutramine or phenolphthalein-adulterated) led to the classification of 13 newly purchased test samples as natural, adulterated or borderline. This classification was further refined when the model was made from the same 40 DS now considered as representing three classes of DS (non-adulterated, sibutramine-adulterated, and phenolphthalein-adulterated). The adulterant (sibutramine or phenolphthalein) was correctly predicted as confirmed by the examination of the 1H NMR spectra. A limitation of the chemometric approach is discussed with the example of two atypical weight-loss DS containing fluoxetine or raspberry ketone.

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4

Csupor, Dezső, András Szekeres, Anita Kecskeméti, Erika Vékes, Katalin Veres, Ákos Micsinay, Kálmán Szendrei, and Judit Hohmann. "Dietary supplements on the domestic market adulterated with sildenafil and tadalafil." Orvosi Hetilap 151, no. 43 (October 1, 2010): 1783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2010.28952.

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Az étrend-kiegészítők gyártását és forgalmazását nem garantálják a gyógyszerszabályozáshoz hasonlóan szigorú jogszabályok. Az elmúlt években a termékcsoport tagjainak száma meredeken emelkedett, és ezzel párhuzamosan szaporodtak a készítmények reklámozásával, ajánlásával és minőségével kapcsolatos visszaélések. A termékek hamisításának egyik gyakori módja a szintetikus gyógyszerhatóanyagok jelölés nélküli felhasználása növényi eredetű készítményekben. Vizsgálatunkban 10, hazánkban forgalomban lévő, potenciafokozóként (vagy ezt a hatást sugallva) reklámozott étrend-kiegészítőt vontunk kémiai elemzés alá. Hat termékben szildenafil és/vagy tadalafil vagy a vegyületek analógjai voltak kimutathatóak. Eredményeink felhívják a figyelmet arra, hogy a rossz minőségű, hamisított étrend-kiegészítők valós egészségi kockázatot jelentenek a fogyasztók számára. Orv. Hetil., 2010,43,1783–1789.

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5

Nishijima, Chiharu, Etsuko Kobayashi, Yoko Sato, and Tsuyoshi Chiba. "Are There Adverse Events after the Use of Sexual Enhancement Nutrition Supplements? A Nationwide Online Survey from Japan." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112814.

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Dozens of safety alerts for sexual enhancement and weight loss dietary supplements have been launched from the government not only in Japan but also overseas. However, adverse events have been reported only for the use of weight loss supplements, and the prevalence of use and adverse events in sexual enhancement supplements is not known in Japan. To address this issue, we assessed the situation of sexual enhancement supplement use through a nationwide online survey. The prevalence of sexual enhancement supplement use among males was 23.0%. Use of these supplements was higher among younger people than among older people (p < 0.001). In total, 17.6% of users had experienced adverse events, but 58.3% of them did not consult about the events with anybody because of the temporality of their symptoms and their sense of shame. In addition, eight supplement products were found to be possible adulterated supplements in this survey. It is necessary to inform the public about the risk of sexual enhancement supplement use and also prepare a place for consultation on media channels that younger people are more familiar with, in order to monitor adverse events while also preserving their privacy.

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6

Wierzejska, Regina Ewa. "Dietary Supplements—For Whom? The Current State of Knowledge about the Health Effects of Selected Supplement Use." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178897.

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Dietary supplements are products containing nutrients sold in various medicinal forms, and their widespread use may stem from the conviction that a preparation that looks like a drug must have therapeutic properties. The aim of this scoping review is to present what is known about the effects of using selected dietary supplements in the context of chronic diseases, as well as the risks associated with their use. The literature shows that the taking of vitamin and mineral supplements by healthy people neither lowers their risk of cardiovascular diseases nor prevents the development of malignancies. Many scientific societies recognize that omega-3 fatty acids lower blood triglycerides, but whether taking them prevents heart disease is less clear-cut. Taking weight loss supplements is not an effective method of fighting obesity. Often, some supplements are increasingly sold illegally, which is then also associated with the higher risk that they may be adulterated with banned substances, thus making them even more dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Supplements are necessary in cases of nutrient deficiency; however, even though prescription is not required, their use should be recommended and monitored by a physician.

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7

Kim, Ji Won, Soon Jae Kweon, Seon Kyung Park, Jung Yeon Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Kyoung Moon Han, Sooyeul Cho, et al. "Isolation and identification of a sibutramine analogue adulterated in slimming dietary supplements." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 30, no. 7 (July 2013): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.793826.

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8

Deconinck, E., T. Cauwenbergh, J. L. Bothy, D. Custers, P. Courselle, and J. O. De Beer. "Detection of sibutramine in adulterated dietary supplements using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 100 (November 2014): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.009.

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9

Kodchakorn, Kanchanok, Nawarat Viriyakhasem, Tunchanok Wongwichai, and Prachya Kongtawelert. "Structural Determination, Biological Function, and Molecular Modelling Studies of Sulfoaildenafil Adulterated in Herbal Dietary Supplement." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040949.

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Unapproved ingredients included in herbal medicines and dietary supplements have been detected as adulterated synthetic drugs used for erectile dysfunction. Extraction from a dietary supplement was performed to isolate the compounds by HPLC analysis. The structural characterization was confirmed using mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS and LC-MS/MS), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. Results identified the thus-obtained compound to be sulfoaildenafil, a thioketone analogue of sildenafil. The biological activities of this active compound have been focused for the first time by the experimental point of view performance in vitro. The results revealed that sulfoaildenafil can affect the therapeutic level of nitric oxide through the upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) gene expressions. This bulk material, which displays structural similarity to sildenafil, was analyzed for the presence of a PDE5 inhibitor using a theoretical calculation. These unique features of the potential activity of PDE5 protein and its inhibitors, sildenafil and sulfoaildenafil, may play a key consideration for understanding the mode of actions and predicting the biological activities of PDE5 inhibitors.

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10

Kim, Hyung Joo, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyoung Joon Park, Jung-Yeon Kim, Sooyeul Cho, and Woo Seong Kim. "Determination of non-opioid analgesics in adulterated food and dietary supplements by LC-MS/MS." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 31, no. 6 (May 9, 2014): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.908262.

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11

Vaysse, J., S. Balayssac, V. Gilard, D. Desoubdzanne, M. Malet-Martino, and R. Martino. "Analysis of adulterated herbal medicines and dietary supplements marketed for weight loss by DOSY1H-NMR." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 27, no. 7 (July 2010): 903–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440041003705821.

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12

Eichner, Amy, and Travis Tygart. "Adulterated dietary supplements threaten the health and sporting career of up‐and‐coming young athletes." Drug Testing and Analysis 8, no. 3-4 (November 2, 2015): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.1899.

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13

Kim, Unyong, Hyun-Deok Cho, Myung Hee Kang, Joon Hyuk Suh, Han Young Eom, Junghyun Kim, Sumin Seo, et al. "Screening of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Their Analogs in Dietary Supplements by Liquid Chromatography–Hybrid Ion Trap–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122734.

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An accurate and reliable method based on ion trap–time of flight mass spectrometry (IT–TOF MS) was developed for screening phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, and their analogs in dietary supplements. Various parameters affecting liquid chromatographic separation and IT–TOF detection were investigated, and the optimal conditions were determined. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column under gradient elution using acetonitrile and water containing 0.2% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The chromatographic eluents were directly ionized in the IT–TOF system equipped with an electrospray ion source operating in the positive ion mode. The proposed screening method was validated by assessing its linearity, precision, and accuracy. Sequential tandem MS was conducted to obtain structural information of the references, and the fragmentation mechanism of each reference was proposed for providing spectral insight for newly synthesized analogs. Structural information, including accurate masses of both parent and fragment ions, was incorporated into the MSn spectral library. The developed method was successfully applied for screening adulterated dietary supplement samples.

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14

Lin, Yen-Ping, Ying-Lin Lee, Chien-Ya Hung, Chuan-Fa Chang, and Yi Chen. "Detection of adulterated drugs in traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplements using hydrogen as a carrier gas." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): e0205371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205371.

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15

Stefanescu, Ruxandra, Eszter Laczko Zold, Anca Mare, Sigrid Esianu, Izabela Grama, Ancuta Negroiu, and Camil Vari. "Risks and Benefits Associated with Tribulus terrestris Products Assessed by Phytochemical and Pharmacological Screening." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8082.

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Recommendations of products with Tribulus terrestris as anabolic enhancers are based on empirical data. Exposure, especially of athletes, is very high, being among the most widely used nutritional supplements. Consumption of products containing Tribulus terrestris extracts has increased rapidly in the past few years due to the high content of sterol saponosides, compounds with presumed anabolic properties. Because of this upward surge, their efficacy and/or their safety are more and more often questioned. Commercialized dietary supplements, are often mislabelled, adulterated, or contaminated, therefore an evaluation of benefit/risk balance should always be conducted. Our study aimed to analyse an herbal drug and a food supplement frequently encountered on the market. Total polyphenolic and total saponosides content were determined. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine mineral element content of Tribulus terrestris products. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were assayed. The extract obtained with the herbal drug had no antibacterial effect. The extract from the capsules, however, was active against all tested strains with higher activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.78 mg/mL). Trace elements were quantified, and dose-related risks were outlined, raising awareness regarding the aluminum and nickel content in the herbal drug.

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16

Kim, Beom Hee, Wonwoong Lee, You Lee Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, and Jongki Hong. "Efficient Matrix Cleanup of Soft-Gel-Type Dietary Supplements for Rapid Screening of 92 Illegal Adulterants Using EMR-Lipid dSPE and UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060570.

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An efficient matrix cleanup method was developed for the rapid screening of 92 illegal adulterants (25 erectile dysfunction drugs, 15 steroids, seven anabolic steroids, 12 antihistamines, 12 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), four diuretics, and 17 weight-loss drugs) in soft-gel-type supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As representative green chemistry methods, three sample preparation methods (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS-dSPE), and enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-Lipid) dSPE) were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency, recovery rate, and matrix effect. In this study, EMR-Lipid dSPE was shown to effectively remove complicated matrix contents in soft-gels, compared to DLLME and QuEChERS-dSPE. For the rapid screening of a wide range of adulterants, extracted common ion chromatogram (ECIC) and neutral loss scan (NLS) based on specific common MS/MS fragments were applied to randomly collected soft-gel-type dietary supplement samples using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Both ECICs and NLSs enabled rapid and simple screening of multi-class adulterants and could be an alternative to the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. The developed method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The range of LODs was 0.1–16 ng/g. The overall precision values were within 0.09–14.65%. The accuracy ranged from 81.6% to 116.6%. The recoveries and matrix effects of 92 illegal adulterants ranged within 16.9–119.4% and 69.8–114.8%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to screen and identify 92 illegal adulterants in soft-gels. This method can be a promising tool for the high-throughput screening of various adulterants in dietary supplements and could be used as a more environmentally friendly routine analytical method for screening dietary supplements illegally adulterated with multi-class drug substances.

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17

Park, So-ra, Jin Gyun Lee, Si Hun Roh, Gyudong Kim, Chan Hyeok Kwon, Hee Ra Park, Ki Sung Kwon, Deukjoon Kim, and Sung Won Kwon. "Determination of PDE-5 inhibitors and appetite suppressants in adulterated dietary supplements using LC/PDA and LC/MS." Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B 5, no. 1 (March 2012): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2012.656706.

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18

Cai, Yu, Tian-Ge Cai, Yan Shi, Xian-Long Cheng, Ling-Yun Ma, Shuang-Cheng Ma, Rui-Chao Lin, and Wei Feng. "SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF EIGHT PDE5-IS POTENTIALLY ADULTERATED IN HERBAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH TLC AND HPLC-PDA-MS METHODS." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 33, no. 13 (August 20, 2010): 1287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2010.488979.

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19

Mannino, Giuseppe, Vita Di Stefano, Antonino Lauria, Rosa Pitonzo, and Carla Gentile. "Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry)-Based Dietary Supplements: Variation in Mass Uniformity, Proanthocyanidin Dosage and Anthocyanin Profile Demonstrates Quality Control Standard Needed." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040992.

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Vaccinium macrocarpon (syn. American Cranberry) is employed in dietary supplements (DS) with the aim to improve urinary tract well-being. This property is linked to the antiadhesion-activity of proanthocyanidins (PACs) against uropathogenic-bacteria. However, the current European legislation has been criticized for being weak and ineffective. Indeed, recent scientific works report mislabeled, contaminated, and adulterated supplements containing dangerous or unknown compounds, or sold at toxic doses. In this work, we analysed 24 DS that claim to contain cranberry, and to have a specific dosage of PACs. Our tests included the control of the good manufacturing practice according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and the verification of the claimed dosage of PACs. Moreover, in order to confirm the real presence of cranberry in DS, chemical fingerprinting via HPLC-UV/Vis-MS/MS was employed. Our results showed that 17 DS did not comply with the uniformity test of dosage forms, and only five contained cranberry. Finally, 16 DS claimed an incorrect amount of PACs. These data suggest that several cranberry-based DS are present in the European market with insufficient quality controls. Considering that often DS are self-prescribed by consumer relying on their claim, the data obtained in this work should encourage more controls and stricter rules.

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20

TAN, Huijie, Changchuan GUO, Sheng XING, Yanxia ZHAO, Xunjie ZHANG, Feng SHI, and Liping GONG. "Application of Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry for the screening and identification of 15 adulterated weight loss compounds in dietary supplements." Chinese Journal of Chromatography 37, no. 9 (2019): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1123.2019.02009.

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21

Yao, Ya‐Nan, Lin Wu, Wan‐Yang Sun, Zhi‐Hui Luo, Dandan Di, Zi‐Cheng Yuan, Zhengxu Huang, and Bin Hu. "Fast‐switching high‐voltage porous‐tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid detection of antirheumatic drugs in adulterated herbal dietary supplements." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 33, no. 24 (November 21, 2019): 1877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8559.

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22

ElAmrawy, Fatema, Ghada ElAgouri, Ola Elnoweam, Samar Aboelazayem, ElMohanad Farouk, and Mohamed I. Nounou. "Adulterated and Counterfeit Male Enhancement Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements Pose a Real Threat to the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: A Global Perspective." Journal of Dietary Supplements 13, no. 6 (February 25, 2016): 660–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231.

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23

Fang, Fang, Yunpeng Qi, Feng Lu, and Liangbao Yang. "Highly sensitive on-site detection of drugs adulterated in botanical dietary supplements using thin layer chromatography combined with dynamic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Talanta 146 (January 2016): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.067.

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24

Guo, Changchuan, Feng Shi, Shuyin Jiang, Liping Gong, Yanxia Zhao, Jinling Zhang, and Su Zeng. "Simultaneous identification, confirmation and quantitation of illegal adulterated antidiabetics in herbal medicines and dietary supplements using high-resolution benchtop quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography B 967 (September 2014): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.032.

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25

YU, Hong, Qing HU, Jian SUN, Rui FENG, Su ZHANG, Jingxian ZHANG, Xiuhong MAO, and Shen JI. "Qualitative analysis of illegally adulterated sildenafil and related compounds in dietary supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Chinese Journal of Chromatography 36, no. 10 (2018): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1123.2018.04031.

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26

Pagès, Guilhem, Anna Gerdova, David Williamson, Véronique Gilard, Robert Martino, and Myriam Malet-Martino. "Evaluation of a Benchtop Cryogen-Free Low-Field1H NMR Spectrometer for the Analysis of Sexual Enhancement and Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Adulterated with Pharmaceutical Substances." Analytical Chemistry 86, no. 23 (November 10, 2014): 11897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac503699u.

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27

Zhou, Chunyan, Bobin Tang, Cunxian Xi, Lei Zhang, Guomin Wang, Junrong Xi, and Zhiqiong Chen. "Simultaneous Determination of Seven Sulfonylurea-Type Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents in Adulterated Dietary Supplements and Traditional Chinese Medicines by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Spectroscopy Letters 48, no. 3 (October 14, 2014): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2013.866965.

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28

Venhuis, B. J., M. E. Zwaagstra, P. H. J. Keizers, and D. de Kaste. "Dose-to-dose variations with single packages of counterfeit medicines and adulterated dietary supplements as a potential source of false negatives and inaccurate health risk assessments." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 89 (February 2014): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.038.

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29

Li, Ning, Mei Cui, Xiumei Lu, Feng Qin, Kun Jiang, and Famei Li. "A rapid and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of fourteen synthetic anti-diabetic drugs in adulterated Chinese proprietary medicines and dietary supplements." Biomedical Chromatography 24, no. 11 (May 4, 2010): 1255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1438.

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30

Cheng, Qiaoyuan, Linjun Shou, Cen Chen, Shi Shi, and Minghao Zhou. "Application of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry for identification, confirmation and quantitation of illegal adulterated weight-loss drugs in plant dietary supplements." Journal of Chromatography B 1064 (October 2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.009.

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31

Shi, Feng, Changchuan Guo, Liping Gong, Jun Li, Peng Dong, Jinling Zhang, Ping Cui, Shuyin Jiang, Yanxia Zhao, and Su Zeng. "Application of a high resolution benchtop quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry for the rapid screening, confirmation and quantification of illegal adulterated phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in herbal medicines and dietary supplements." Journal of Chromatography A 1344 (May 2014): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.030.

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32

Jiang, Shuyin, Huijie Tan, Changchuan Guo, Liping Gong, and Feng Shi. "Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for the rapid detection and confirmation of illegal adulterated sedative-hypnotics in dietary supplements." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 32, no. 10 (May 11, 2015): 1749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1041427.

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33

&NA;. "Dietary supplement found to be adulterated with estazolam." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1118 (September 2006): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200611180-00004.

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34

van der Merwe, Sanette, Marena Manley, and Merrill Wicht. "Enhancing near infrared spectroscopy models to identify omega-3 fish oils used in the nutraceutical industry by means of calibration range extension." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 26, no. 4 (August 2018): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518795811.

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The high demand for omega-3 fish oil nutraceuticals (dietary supplements) is due to the numerous health benefits contributed by the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The nutraceutical industry is required to follow good manufacturing practice standards in order to ensure label claims and prevent adulteration. It is vital that the quality control procedures will be able to detect adulterated products. It is thus necessary to ensure that the analytical techniques are adequate by using validated methods. The qualification or identification of natural fish oils is a difficult task due to overlapping concentration ranges of polyunsaturated fatty acids and other similar properties. Gas chromatography is the prescribed technique in the nutraceutical industry for analysis of omega-3 fatty acids, but it is time-consuming and costly. Near infrared spectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective technique which can replace the prescribed method if it is proven to be equivalent, through validation, to the criteria as prescribed by the pharmacopoeias and other industry guidelines. In this study, near infrared spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics was considered as an alternative method to gas chromatography to identify various commercial fish oils and to quantify the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Identification methods were developed for nine commercial omega-3 fish oils by using spectral libraries. Quantitative near infrared methods were developed for arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in fish oils expressed as mg.g−1 as well as % area using partial least squares regression and independent validation by superimposing datasets with mutual properties. Based on the statistics in terms of standard error of calibration, R2, standard error of prediction and r of the polyunsaturated fatty acid models, the near infrared method was equivalent to the prescribed gas chromatography methods, and precision results obtained were also within the prescribed criteria. Near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used for conclusive identification and quantification of omega-3 fish oils, thereby minimizing the risk of adulteration. The method also complied with the prescribed pharmaceutical method validation criteria, and therefore was proven as an alternative method to gas chromatography for the nutraceutical industry.

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35

Nicoletti, Marcello. "Identification of Thiosildenafil in a Health Supplement." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 7 (July 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600721.

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The presence of a sildenafil derivative, the thiosildenafil, in an herbal product has been evidenced first by HPTLC and later determined by isolation and analysis of spectroscopic data. The analyzed product is nowadays marketed as dietary supplement containing herbal extracts and claimed for male and female sexual improvement. This report is noteworthy since it is clear that adulterated materials can cause serious health problems if they are consumed as herbal “natural” products, generally considered deprived of toxicity by the consumers. The use of a simple and reliable method, based on HPTLC, to determine synthetic adulterations is reported in this paper.

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Lee, Ji Hyun, Hyung Joo Kim, Suresh Mandava, Jungjoong Hwang, Hyoung Joon Park, Sooyeul Cho, Sun Young Baek, and Jongkook Lee. "Identification of a new tadalafil analogue in an adulterated dietary supplement: Trans-Bisprehomotadalafil." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 115 (November 2015): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.023.

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Chen, Y., L. Zhao, F. Lu, Y. Yu, Y. Chai, and Y. Wu. "Determination of synthetic drugs used to adulterate botanical dietary supplements using QTRAP LC-MS/MS." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 26, no. 5 (May 2009): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030802641880.

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Shapira, Barak, Lee Goldstein, Amikam Reshef, and Alina Poperno. "A Rare Case of Psychomotor Disturbances Linked to the Use of an Adulterated Dietary Supplement Containing Sibutramine." Clinical Neuropharmacology 39, no. 3 (2016): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnf.0000000000000141.

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Cohen, Pieter A., Carly Benner, and Danny McCormick. "Use of a Pharmaceutically Adulterated Dietary Supplement, Pai You Guo, Among Brazilian-Born Women in the United States." Journal of General Internal Medicine 27, no. 1 (August 16, 2011): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1828-0.

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Ichikawa-Kaji, Yoko, Jun’ichi Nakajima, Shoko Kikkawa, Fujio Ishizawa, Rei Nishiyama, Kiyoko Kishimoto, Nozomi Uemura, et al. "Identification of Descarbonsildenafil in an Adulterated Dietary Supplement and Evaluation of Its Inhibitory Activity for Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5)." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 61, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.61.34.

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Lanzarotta, Adam, John B. Crowe, Mark Witkowski, and Bryan M. Gamble. "A multidisciplinary approach for the analysis of an adulterated dietary supplement where the active pharmaceutical ingredient was embedded in the capsule shell." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 67-68 (August 2012): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.023.

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Gabriels, Gary, and Mohamed Irhuma. "The potential impact of dietary supplement adulteration on patient assessment and treatment from a healthcare provider’s perspective." South African Family Practice 61, no. 6 (December 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i6.5062.

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Dietary supplements have been manufactured and supplied to the market with the objective of enhancing the overall health of the general population and optimising the performance of athletes. The perceived intention of dietary supplementation is to increase the nutritional content of a normal diet, and to fill a dietary need and/or presumed deficiency. The usage and popularity of dietary supplements, however, raises concerns from a health benefit and risk perspective. Moreover, safety and efficacy of these supplements have generally not been established by the Medicines Regulatory Authorities, both nationally and internationally. The exponential increase in supplement sales can, however, be attributed to aggressive marketing by manufacturers, rather than the development of more effective nutritional supplements. These supplements may contain adulterated substances that may potentially have harmful short- and long-term health consequences for the patient. In addition, a large spectrum of drug interactions may render the use of such supplements risky, without proper medical and scientific assessment.

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Liu, Yan, and Feng Lu. "Adulterated pharmaceutical chemicals in botanical dietary supplements: novel screening approaches." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 36, no. 3 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2016-0032.

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AbstractThe increased availability and use of botanical dietary supplements (BDS) has been accompanied by an increased frequency of adulteration of these products with pharmaceutical chemicals. These adulterated products are a worldwide problem, and their consumption poses health risks to consumers. The main focus of this paper is to highlight novel screening approaches utilized in the detection of adulterants in BDS marketed for different therapeutic purposes. We summarize spectroscopic methods involving near-infrared, infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as feasible and interesting in-field screening tools for the analysis of suspected products (adulterated or not) before being sent to a laboratory for deeper inspection. In addition, the new approaches based on chromatographic methods such as liquid chromatography-circular dichroism, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin layer chromatography-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and thin layer chromatography-mass spectrometry are discussed and reviewed. Novel analysis strategies from targeted analysis to post-targeted and non-targeted analysis allowing simultaneous determination of the number of multiclass pharmaceuticals are discussed.

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Baraniak, Justyna, Małgorzata Kania-Dobrowolska, Aleksandra Górska, Marlena Wolek, and Anna Bogacz. "Istotne problemy związane z bezpieczeństwem surowców roślinnych obecnych w wybranych grupach suplementów diety." Postępy Fitoterapii 21, no. 3 (September 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25121/pf.2020.21.3.161.

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Dietary supplements are a wide group of products belonging to the food category. Their sales are still growing. The composition, appearance and the intended use of these products make them resemble drugs. Dietary supplements are designed to meet the specific requirements of different consumer groups. Many dietary supplements contain herbal substances or their preparations. The safety of the herbal material is particularly affected by its proper identification, the part of the plant used as well as the standardization of the extract for a specific biologically active compound. Regardless of the group of consumers for which these products are intended, the risks associated with taking dietary supplements may relate to their contamination with heavy metals, pesticide residues or pathogenic microorganisms. There may also be adulterated dietary supplements on the market, the real composition of which differs from the composition presented on the original packing. Furthermore, the presence of restricted hazardous substances, or limited substances on the product is undoubtedly dangerous to health.

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Lin, M. C., Y. C. Liu, Y. L. Lin, and J. H. Lin. "Isolation and identification of a novel sildenafil analogue adulterated in dietary supplements." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 16, no. 4 (July 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2340.

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"Diabetes Herbal Medicines and Dietary Supplements -adulteration and health related risks." International Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 5, no. 3 (June 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/ijdmd.05.03.02.

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The current study aims to examine the problem of adulteration of herbal antidiabetic medicines with undeclared registered and banned pharmaceuticals. There is a growing trend where herbal medicines, dietary supplements and conventional foods are adulterated with hidden drugs and chemicals. These products are typically promoted for weight loss, lowering blood glucose, sexual enhancement and bodybuilding and are often represented as being “Natural.” Consumers should exercise caution before purchasing any product in the above categories. The FDA has taken the unprecedented step of warning diabetics not to purchase or use so-called “natural” diabetes treatments. In their most recent consumer bulletin, “Beware of Illegally Sold Diabetes Treatments,” the FDA asks diabetics to be on their guard when it comes to buying natural diabetic treatments online. Fraudulent diabetes products can be especially dangerous if we use them instead of proven treatments for diabetes. Without proper disease management, people with diabetes are at greater risk of developing serious complications. Undeclared ingredients can cause serious harm. If consumers and their health care professionals are unaware of the actual ingredients in the products they are taking, these products may interact in dangerous ways with other medications. Zayed Complex for Herbal Research & Traditional Medicine (ZCHRTM) lab. Department of Health (DOH) Abu Dhabi has identified an emerging trend where over-the-counter herbal products, frequently represented as dietary supplements, contain hidden active ingredients that could be harmful. Consumers may unknowingly take products laced with varying quantities of approved prescription drug ingredients, controlled substances, and untested and unstudied pharmaceutically active ingredients. ZCHRTM Research laboratory purchased diabetes samples from market as well as samples received from DOH, MOHAP and other government organizations, VIP’s and various other sources, revealed the presence of adulteration in many herbal medicinal products. These findings of ZCHRTM laboratory will help consumers, health care practitioners, and the public understands our action regarding diabetes products contaminated with various prescription drugs and chemicals. In continuation of our earlier studies, the main objective of the present study is to check pharmaceutical medicine adulteration of nonprescription and even prescription diabetes medicines in the laboratory using chromatographic and spectrometric techniques and to discuss its side effects in the best interest of consumers and public health safety (Chart -1). This paper also gives an overview of health-related risks after consuming such spurious products and challenges for future perspectives to control such type of malpractices [1-3].

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"Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids Adulterated Because They Present an Unreasonable Risk; Final Rule." Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 18, no. 3 (January 2004): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j354v18n03_11.

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"Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids Adulterated Because They Present an Unreasonable Risk; Final Rule." Journal Of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 18, no. 3 (September 8, 2004): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j354v18n03_11.

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Wei, F., Y. Shi, XL Cheng, XY Xiao, SC Ma, and RC Lin. "Simultaneous Determination of Eight PDE5-Is Potentially Adulterated in Herbal Dietary Supplements with TLC and HPLC-PDA-MS Methods." Planta Medica 76, no. 05 (March 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1251781.

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Sun, Mengmeng, Shengpeng Wang, Yong Jing, Li Li, Min He, Yusheng Jia, Eduard van Wijk, Yitao Wang, Zhihong Wang, and Mei Wang. "Application of delayed luminescence measurements for the identification of herbal materials: a step toward rapid quality control." Chinese Medicine 14, no. 1 (October 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-019-0269-2.

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Abstract Background Herbal materials are widely used as medicinal products, dietary supplements, food, and spices. With increased consumption, the safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal materials are becoming more relevant. The authenticity of herbal materials plays an important role in herbal quality control, and there is an urgent need to develop a simple, direct, objective, rapid, and inexpensive measurement tool for the identification of herbal materials for the purpose of quality control. Methods Delayed luminescence (DL) was used to measure authentic and counterfeit herbal materials. A hyperbolic function was used to extract four properties from the DL curves of the herbal materials. Statistical tools, including Student’s t test and Principal Component Analysis, were used to differentiate authentic and counterfeit herbal materials based on the DL properties. Results Our results showed that authentic and counterfeit herbal materials could be identified based on the DL properties as follows: (a) authentic versus counterfeit materials; (b) authentic versus adulterated materials; (c) authentic versus sulfur-fumigated materials; as well as (d) authentic versus dyed materials. Conclusion The simple, direct, rapid, and inexpensive measurements offered by DL potentially offer a novel technique for the identification of Chinese herbal materials. However, the establishment of a valid database will be the next step toward the possible application of this technique, which would contribute significantly to the development of a novel digital tool for the quality control of herbal materials.

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