Dissertations / Theses: 'Adults with aphasia'

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Roper, A. "Computer gesture therapy for adults with severe aphasia." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18030/.

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Aphasia intervention has made increasing use of technology in recent years. The evidence base, which is largely limited to the investigation of spoken language outcomes, indicates positive treatment effects for people with mild to moderate levels of aphasia. Outcomes for those with severe aphasia however, are less well documented and - where reported - present less consistent gains for measures of spoken output. In light of this issue for existing approaches, and due to the fact that non-speech focused interventions might therefore be more suitable, the current thesis explores the use of computer gesture therapy for people with severe aphasia. An initial review of gesture therapy is presented, followed by a systematic review of current computer therapy literature. A pseudo-randomised, wait-list control study of twenty participants with severe aphasia forms the experimental body of the thesis. The study investigates the effects of two purpose-built gesture therapy technologies: GeST and PowerGeST. The latter of these was developed for the purposes of the thesis. Following completion of a range of candidacy measures examining gesture comprehension, language, cognition and praxis, participants undertook a five-week intervention period comprising practice with GeST and PowerGeST. Primary outcomes were assessed using a measure of gesture production in isolation. Secondary outcome measures included an assessment of naming production, a novel assessment of interactive gesture abilities and an accessible computer use and confidence measure. These two latter measures were developed for the purposes of the thesis. Study outcomes show significant improvement in gesture production abilities for adults with severe aphasia following computer intervention. They indicate no transfer of effects into naming gains or interactive gesture. Findings reveal comparatively low levels of access to everyday technologies for this group. Outcomes therefore, indicate the positive effects of a purpose built computer-delivered therapy for a population who commonly experience challenges with access to everyday technology. Insights gained within this thesis offer encouraging results for computer therapy methods within this hitherto under-researched population and propose a case for further development of the evidence base in this field.

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Cardone, Victoria. "Exploring the Construct of Overlearning in Adults with Aphasia." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492024567011232.

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Braddock, Barbara. "Links between language, gesture, and motor skill a longitudinal study of communication recovery in adults with Broca's aphasia /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4656.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Ogrodnik, Giselle. "The Impact of Aphasia on Working Memory in Bilingual Adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1546.

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The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the effects of aphasia on working memory (WM) in bilingual adults. Available research supports the notion that there are strong positive correlations between WM capacity and language function in monolingual adults with aphasia and that aphasic adults' ability to comprehend language may be predicted by WM capacity. The relationship between WM capacity and auditory comprehension, as measured by the Token Test, was investigated in bilingual adults with and without aphasia. Additional areas of investigation included examination of the influence of aphasia on bilingualism and language proficiency as measured by differential performance in both languages on the Boston Naming Test (BNT); relationships between severity of aphasia, as measured by the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT); and WM, as measured by listening span. Sixteen participants between the ages of 26 and 91 were included in this study (mean age for women was 61.3; men was 52.8; 37% of the sample population was male, 63% was female). Eight participants were non-aphasic bilingual adults, the remaining 8 participants were bilingual aphasic adults. Results of the study indicated that both groups yielded relatively equivalent findings for the two languages on WM measures. Highly significant and strong positive correlations were observed between WM and auditory comprehension for both groups in both languages. There were no significant differences between English and Spanish results relative to auditory comprehension in the group with aphasia. There was, however, more variability on the BNT for the group with aphasia. Moreover, a significant difference between English and Spanish on the BNT was observed for the non-aphasic group. Significant relationships were found between language proficiency and aphasia severity for both languages; however, no significant differences were found between English and Spanish on the BAT. Nonetheless, moderate to strong positive linear relationships were observed between WM and aphasic severity (BAT) and strong positive relationships were found between language proficiency and aphasia severity for both languages for the group with aphasia. In conclusion, results suggest that the impact of bilingualism on WM for aphasic adults may be similar to what has been observed for monolingual aphasic individuals. Further research is needed relative to the nature of WM in bilingual adults with aphasia.

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Lebrun, Nathalie. "Drawing assessment protocol for adults with aphasia: a rubric for scoring." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6823.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a scoring rubric developed by the investigator could differentiate scores on the Drawing Assessment Protocol (DAP) (Alarcon, 2007) for persons with aphasia and for persons with no history of the specific language disorder. From these scores, the study also sought to explore whether adults with aphasia perform differently on the DAP compared to adults with no history of acquired brain injury. Additionally, the study was designed to investigate possible performance correlations between how adults with aphasia perform on DAP and to the drawing section of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) (Kertesz, 2006). Eight dyads containing six adults with aphasia and their communication partners as well as two dyads with no history of aphasia participated in the study. The two dyads with no history of aphasia were age and gender matched with two dyads in the aphasia group. The investigator obtained data from the administration of the drawing section of the WAB-R and DAP. The investigator rated the DAP drawings on the following measures: clarity, completeness, recognizability, and willingness to draw based the scoring rubric designed for this study. Scoring differentiation trends between the aphasia group and typical group indicated that the suggested rubric may be a beneficial scoring tool for the DAP. Parallels in scores between the WAB-R and DAP further supports this indication. Findings from this study warrant the use of the DAP and rubric with a larger pool of participants with aphasia in both research and clinical settings. Revisions to the recognizability measure should be made to help further differentiate scores along that measure.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders

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Kagan, Aura. "Supported conversation for adults with aphasia§T§M, methods and evaluation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/NQ45755.pdf.

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Wood, Sara Elizabeth. "Electropalatographic study of speech sound errors in adults with acquired aphasia." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361902.

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Jones, Bethany Anne. "Comparing satisfaction with social networks of adults with and without aphasia." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5528.

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Background: A social network is made up of the people with whom individuals make communicative contact throughout their lives. The socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that older adults selectively prune their social networks to make them more intimate and satisfying (Carstensen, 1992). Aphasia, a disorder that affects mostly older adults, has been found to reduce social network size. Prior research does not adequately address satisfaction with that change. Aims: The current qualitative study investigates the hypothesis that aphasia reduces social participation and satisfaction with social participation. Methods: Four people with aphasia and five people without aphasia were interviewed about their social network size, frequency of communication, satisfaction of communication, frequency of activity participation, and satisfaction of activity participation. We investigated the impact of factors hypothesized to affect these indices of social participation: aphasia severity, hearing loss, mobility status, and communication modalities. Results: The aphasia group reported smaller social networks, and less frequent social communication and individual and social activity participation. Social isolation was also reported by the aphasia group. Satisfaction of communication was roughly the same between groups. The aphasia group was more dissatisfied with activity participation than the control group. Conclusions: Individuals with aphasia had smaller social networks and less frequent activity participation than controls. This contributed to a perception of social isolation. Socioemotional selectivity theory may apply to the social communication changes in people with aphasia because results indicated equal dissatisfaction when compared to the control group. However, alternative hypotheses cannot be discounted. The aphasia group’s increased dissatisfaction with activity participation indicates an undesired change.

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Pound, Carole. "An exploration of the friendship experiences of working-age adults with aphasia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7696.

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Aphasia impairs using and understanding language, and thus impacts on communication, identity and relationships. However, little research has investigated how people with aphasia understand friends and friendship. This Participatory Action Research (PAR) study explored how younger adults with aphasia experience friendship. Participants were 28 people with aphasia, some of whom were members of the Research Group. Data from 12 initial interviews in Phase 1 of the study led to a model of friendship and aphasia. This underpinned development of peer-led Friendship Events in Phase 2 of the study, after which 16 additional participants with aphasia were interviewed, contributing to elaboration of the model. Within the context of living with aphasia, which was central for all participants, eight inter-connected themes emerged. Friends could be anchors in a time of change and trusted stabilising influences while reconfiguring identity. Participants described the hard work of friendship, the place of communication in supporting friendship, and the challenge of equality within post-aphasia friendships. Time, humour and two-way flexibility were crucial in developing new kinds of friendship. Participants categorised a wide variety of relationships as friendship. These findings elucidate understandings of friendship loss and change as well as strategies to maintain friendship post-onset of aphasia. The study sheds new light on social connectedness and social support provided by friends, family and peers with aphasia. It emphasises the role of friendship in reconfiguring identity, and offers practical recommendations for harnessing the benefits of friends and friendship in life with aphasia. PAR methodology facilitated creation of accessible tools to support conversations and awareness-raising about friendship. The study highlights the strengths of relational methods for researching friendship and the transformative potential of doing PAR with marginalised groups such as people with aphasia.

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Pike, Caitlin. "Social participation in working-age adults with aphasia : an updated systematic review." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61355.

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Background: A previous systematic review found limited data regarding social participation in working-age people with aphasia (PWA). This population has many roles to fulfill, that are negatively affected by aphasia. A review of recent studies may reveal more information on the challenges in re-establishing social roles and thus may inform treatment thereof. Method: The aim was to provide an updated systematic review on social participation in PWA under 65 years of age. Studies from 2005-2017 were searched from Scopus, Pubmed and Psychinfo. Search terms were derived from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the Aphasia- Framework for Outcomes Measures (A-FROM). Aspects of domestic life, interpersonal relations and interactions, education and employment and community, civic and social life were investigated. Results: From 2,864 initial hits, 11 studies were identified, all of which were on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Level III of evidence. The studies indicated that participation in domestic life is reduced and PWA showed reduced social networks, loss of friendships and changes in the quality of marital relations. Few PWA returned to work or spent time on education. Limitations in community, civic and social life were noted and there were contradictory findings on the impact of contextual factors on social participation. There was an increase in research into contextual factors impacting on social participation in PWA and in the use of conceptual frameworks in the last decade. Conclusions: Social participation in working-age adults is limited across the social domains. While the ICF conceptual framework is increasingly used, no studies used the A-FROM. There is greater use of standardised assessments and larger sample sizes.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
MA
Unrestricted

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Nabeemeeah, Kauthar. "Discourse characteristics of Creole-speaking Mauritian adults with mild to moderate aphasia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2927.

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Bibliography: leaves 134-143.
With the shift away from evaluation of isolated aspects of linguistic performance, discourse assessment has become an important tool in assessing the communication competence of individuals following a neurological insult. The present research investigates the effects of mild to moderate aphasia on the dscourse performance of Creole speaking Mauritians. A control group was included so as to differentiate aspects of discourse from normal to pathological and with a view to discerning compensatory strategies of adults with aphasia in discourse.

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Hassan, Fatimah Hani B. "Time Windows for Indexing Language Comprehension in Adults With and Without Aphasia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1352997697.

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Sechtem, Phillip R. "The impact of communication partner variables on supported conversation for adults with aphasia." Diss., Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6729.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of three communication partner variables on conversational effectiveness including: (a) interpersonal cognitive complexity, (b) partner perceptions of communicative effectiveness of spouses/close relatives with aphasia, and (c) partner perceptions about the quality of their relationship with their spouses/close relatives with aphasia. Ten dyads (one person with aphasia and their communication partner) participated in this study. The communication partners were trained to use conversation strategies based on Kagan's (1999) supported conversation protocol. Pre- and post-training 10-minute conversations were videotaped and analyzed using adapted versions of Kagan's supported conversation scales. Scores obtained from these scales were compared to scores obtained from scales indexing the partner variables of interest. Results showed scores on supported conversation measures to be significantly improved (p < .05) after training (Kagan et al., 2004). Interpersonal cognitive complexity did not correlate significantly with the conversational effectiveness of trained partners; however, there was a significant correlation with the conversational effectiveness of persons with aphasia. Partner perceptions of communicative effectiveness of persons with aphasia were significantly inversely correlated with their own measure of conversational effectiveness; but not with the conversational effectiveness of persons with aphasia. Partner perceptions of the quality of his or her marital/close relative relationship did not significantly correlate with the conversational effectiveness of either conversation partner. Results indicate that both interpersonal cognitive complexity and partner perceptions of the communicative effectiveness of their spouse/relative with aphasia share a relationship with conversational effectiveness. A non-significant relationship was found between mutuality and conversational effectiveness and there was little if any relationship among the three partner variables of interest.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders

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Nielsen, Courtney Paige. "Effect of Positive and Negative Emotion on Naming Accuracy in Adults with Aphasia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9138.

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This is a preliminary study investigating the effects of emotion on a confrontational naming task in people with aphasia (PWA). Previous research investigating the effects of emotion on various language tasks in PWA has produced mixed findings with some suggesting a facilitative effect and others an inhibitory effect. Participants included 9 adults with aphasia as the result of a stroke, resulting in the presence of word-finding deficits (i.e., anomia). Participants named images in positive, negative, and neutral conditions. Responses were scored as either correct or incorrect; incorrect responses were coded further to illustrate individual error patterns. The majority of participants demonstrated a decrease in naming accuracy in the negative condition compared to the preceding and subsequent neutral conditions. The results of this study suggest that negative emotional arousal may cause PWA to devote attentional resources to emotional regulation and away from the linguistic task, thus interfering with language performance. Further research is needed to support these preliminary findings.

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Chan, Chung-yan Jenny. "Comparing the effects of semantic cueing and orthographic cueing on naming performance of Cantonese-speaking aphasic adults with naming difficulties." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3620772X.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2001.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences). The University of Hong Kong, May 4, 2001." Also available in print.

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McGill, Paige l. "Two adults with chronic aphasia and apraxia : treatment effectiveness and performance changes using emotional and non-emotional stimuli /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 1998. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1389877.

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McGrane, Helen. "An investigation into the ability of adults with post-stroke aphasia to learn new vocabulary." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2006. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7449.

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Recent studies have established that adults with post-stroke aphasia can learn to establish connections between familiar words and abstract images, and nonwords with familiar objects. What has not been investigated was whether adults with aphasia could learn non-words with abstract images/ novel meanings i.e. new vocabulary. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether adults with post-stroke aphasia could learn ‘novel’ word forms with ‘novel’ word meanings, despite phonological and/or semantic impairment. Specific research questions included: Can post-stroke adults with aphasia learn new vocabulary? If so, what factors affect their capacity to learn? Is it possible to predict which individuals will learn most successfully? The methodology was developed using preliminary studies both with adults of normal language and cognitive functioning and post-stroke non-aphasic and aphasic adults. It incorporated learning theory and a cognitive neuropsychological model of language. A range of assessments was used to facilitate the capture of new learning. ‘New learning’ was measured not only in terms of the accurate production of the new stimuli but also the recognition and knowledge of the word forms and meanings of this new vocabulary. In the main investigation twenty novel word forms with 20 novel meanings were taught to 12 aphasic adults (< 65 years), over a four day period, using an errorless learning paradigm. Immediate recall of these newly learnt representations was investigated as well as delayed recall. Quantitative and qualitative results from a case series of 12 participants are presented and discussed. Despite semantic and phonological difficulties, all but three participants demonstrated substantial learning of the new vocabulary. The participants’ range of learning ability (from both immediate and delayed recall data) was analysed in relation to severity of aphasia, cognitive factors (including attention, memory and executive function), as well as variables such as age, months post-stroke and number of years in education. With an intensive training period, these participants with aphasia demonstrate varying degrees of ability for new learning. Possible influencing factors and implications for speech and language therapy rehabilitation are discussed.

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Griffith, Luke Marcus. "An exploration of factors affecting performance by adults with aphasia on a functional communication task." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12768.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
In traditional aphasia testing and treatment, clinicians administer a standardized aphasia test that measures language impairment, followed by a linguistic approach to treatment. Many clinicians have argued the need for emphasis on functional communication, and third party payers desire functional information to determine patient progress. This study explores several characteristics of a functional communication task, the Catalog Ordering Task (COT) (Hinckley et al. 2001), to better understand factors affecting aphasia patients' performance on two forms of the task. The COT requires patients to order from a catalog, interacting with a clinician playing a telephone-based catalog worker. Two forms of the COT, "Long" and "Short", vary in length and complexity of stimulus items. Data from an already existing dataset was analyzed. Thirty-nine participants (32 male, 7 female) with aphasia (primarily non-fluent) each completed two forms ofthe COT. Mean age was 52.2 years (range= 18-85); average time post-onset was 27.9 months (range 4-102). Age, Socioeconomic Status, Time Post-Onset, Aphasia Type, and Fluency were not significant predictors of COT performance. Gender was a small but reliable (R Squared =.09, p=.0544) predictor of Long COT scores only. Severity did reliably explain about 30% of variance on both Long and Short COTs. Scores on a single-word auditory comprehension test reliably predicted both Long and Short COT scores, while sentence-based auditory comprehension scores were not significant predictors. Longer items with single or double-focus questions (Long version) were paired with elliptical versions ofthe same questions (Short version). T-tests showed no difference between scores on Long and Short versions of the COT. However, item analysis revealed that patients performed significantly lower on longer, double-focus questions. Compound syntax did not pose a problem in the short version, but longer sentences combined with compound syntax were more difficult than longer sentences with simple syntax, or elliptical sentences with compound syntax.

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Lo, Melody Lueen Woun. "Understanding semantic and phonological processing deficits in adults with aphasia: effects of category and typicality." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12151.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University
Background: Semantic and phonological processing deficits are often present in aphasia. The degree of interdependence between the deficits has been widely studied with variable findings. Within semantic processing, category and typicality are proposed to influence accuracy and response time on semantic tasks in both healthy and aphasic subjects. Aims: This study examines the nature of semantic-phonological access in aphasia by comparing adults with aphasia to healthy control subjects. Three semantic tasks and three phonological tasks containing typical and atypical items of six semantic categories were used to assess the difference in category and typicality effects between persons with aphasia and healthy adults. Finally, we aim to identify demographic factors and formal language measures that correlate with semantic and phonological processing performance. Methods: Twenty patients with aphasia and ten neurologically healthy adults were administered six tasks: category superordinate, category coordinate, semantic feature verification, syllable judgment, rhyme judgment, and phoneme verification. Accuracy and reaction time data were collected and analyzed as three conditions: 1) phonological no name, 2) phonological name provided, and 3) semantic. Results: Patients with aphasia performed with significantly lower accuracy than controls, with greater between-group difference on phonological tasks than on semantic tasks. Patients were significantly slower than control on semantic and phonological no name conditions, but showed no difference on the name provided condition. Both patient and control groups showed category effect on semantic accuracy. The only category effect found on RT was controls on the phonological no name condition. Control showed an effect of typicality on the semantic condition for accuracy while patients showed it for RT. Correlations were found between language measures and education and task performance. Conclusions: Patients demonstrated greater phonological than semantic deficits. Both patient and control groups showed effect of category, but patients showed a reduced effect of typicality. Category and typicality effects are robust in semantic tasks, but not in either phonological task conditions, providing support for discrete serial processing models of lexical processing. Education level was found to be a predictor for semantic boundary knowledge, but not for phonological processing skills.

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Geranmayeh, Fatemeh. "Using fMRI to investigate speech production in healthy adults and patients with post-stroke aphasia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25126.

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This thesis presents an investigation of brain networks mediating both language-specific and domain-general control of propositional speech production in health and following left hemisphere stroke. The research used univariate and multivariate analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data as participants produced sentential speech in response to stimuli (Speech). The activity of specific brain networks during Speech was compared against different baseline conditions. Two studies on healthy participants confirmed a language-specific role for a left fronto-temporo-parietal (LFTP) network. Propositional speech was accompanied by a relative suppression of activity in domain-general networks including a right fronto-temporo-parietal (RFTP) network, default mode network (DMN), and cingulo-opercular (CingOper) network. A separate study investigated alterations in the activity of these networks following a chronic left hemisphere stroke. The network measures in patients were related to those from the healthy participants. There was an up-regulation of the CingOper network during Speech, a task the patients found difficult. Although the activity within individual networks was not predictive of speech production in patients, the relative activity between networks was a predictor of both within-scanner and out-of-scanner performance, over and above that predicted from lesion volume and various demographic factors. Specifically, the robust functional imaging predictors were the differential activity between the DMN and both the left and right fronto-temporo-parietal networks. The patients also demonstrated an altered speech-related between-networks functional connectivity. A further study of cerebrovascular reactivity measurements suggested that signal changes in the healthy tissue remote from the infarct were unlikely to be confounded by cerebrovascular reactivity changes following stroke. The results of the thesis indicate that recovery of speech production after stroke, is not adequately captured by notions of brain regions 'taking over' lost domain-specific functions. Rather it is best considered as the interaction between what remains of domain-specific networks and the domain-general systems that regulate behaviour.

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Blackett, Deena Schwen. "The Effects of Emotional Stimuli on Language Processing in Aging Adults and People with Aphasia." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618404969127489.

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Blake, Priscilla Jane. "Word retrieval behaviors of aphasic adults in conversational speech : a preliminary study." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4213.

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Word retrieval difficulties are experienced by almost all aphasic adults. Consequently, these problems receive a substantial amount of attention in aphasia treatment. Because of the methodological difficulties, few studies have examined WRBs in conversational speech, focusing instead on confrontational naming tasks in which the client is asked to retrieve a specific word. These studies have left unanswered questions about the WRB processes. The purposes of this study were to: (1) develop profiles of WRB for moderately impaired aphasic adult clients and examine these profiles for evidence that reflects the level of breakdown in the word retrieval process, and (2) determine potential treatment applications derived from the study of WRBs of moderately aphasic speakers.

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Goff, Rachel Ann Haley Katarina L. "Life interests and values agreements and disagreements between adults with aphasia and family members and friends /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1725.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Allied Health Sciences in the Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences." Discipline: Allied Health Sciences; Speech and Hearing Sciences; Department/School: Medicine.

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Koran, L. "Aphasia in a linguistically diverse population : resources for turn construction and interactional adaptations of Malaysian adults." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1468881/.

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The central aim of this thesis is to explore resources for turn construction and interactional adaptations in the conversation of adults with aphasia (a language difficulty acquired most commonly after stroke) in the linguistically diverse Malaysian population. Malaysia has a long history of societal multilingualism, necessitating individual bi/multilingualism; the thesis investigates for the first time the impact of aphasia on conversational interactions in this population. As a result, the thesis applies Conversation Analysis (CA), with an emphasis on localised investigation of participants’ turns within particular sequences. The data are from two sources: video recorded natural conversations in the homes of three participants with aphasia and their regular conversation partners, and conversations outside the home with a friend, where languages other than the home language were reportedly used. The data driven procedures of CA reveal turn construction resources of topic-comment structure, co-construction and repetition are deployed by PWAs in conversation with regular and less familiar conversation partners and these resources cross the linguistic boundaries of the languages in their repertoire. These resources also occur in the non-aphasic conversation partners’ turns and exhibit similarities to those documented in studies of the conversations of monolingual English speakers with aphasia. Given that two or more sets of linguistic resources are available for each partnership, code-switching is found to be a compensatory resource for dealing with word finding difficulties as well as a resource for claiming or ascribing identity. A comparison of conversations with a friend indicates that a partnership’s familiarity influences interactional outcomes. However, the relationship between familiarity and interactional success is a complex one which appears to vary for each partnership. The findings of this thesis have theoretical and clinical implications for planning support services for aphasia in societies where bi/multilingualism is the norm. The significance of this contribution becomes evident when global trends in linguistic diversity are taken into consideration.

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Burrill, Katheryn Elizabeth. "The effect of phonological and semantic cues on word retrieval in adults." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/694.

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Word retrieval difficulties can affect individuals who have had strokes or head trauma (Goodglass & Wingfield, 1997) and to a lesser extent, typically aging adults. This can affect an individual's ability to name pictures accurately and quickly. Cues are used to help individuals with word retrieval difficulties in fmding specific words. Two commonly used cues are semantic and phonological cues. Semantic cues can be information about the word the person is trying to retrieve, such as its definition, and/or its functions. Phonological cues are usually the initial sound of a word that a person is attempting to retrieve. Previous research has suggested that both of these cues, in isolation, are effective in stimulating word retrieval during naming tasks (Li & Williams 1989; Stirnley & Noll 1991 ). However, research has not investigated the effects of combining these two cues during picture naming tasks. The current study observed participants under four different cueing conditions during a picture naming task with the Boston Naming Test. The four conditions include a control group (received no cues), a semantically cued group (received a semantic cue before being asked to name a picture), a phonologically cued group (received a phonological cue before being asked to name a picture), and a semanticallyphonologically cued group (received a semantic and phonological cue before being asked to name a picture). Each group was compared on number of items correctly named and response times. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to number of items named. There was a statistically significant difference found between the groups with regards to response times. These findings are discussed and compared to previous research and current word retrieval theories.

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Anderson, Elizabeth C. "Frequency effects in the processing of verbs and argument structure : evidence from adults with and without acquired aphasia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20867/.

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Introduction In usage-based approaches to language, grammar is viewed as an emergent phenomenon that derives from humans’ repeated exposure to individual instances of particular linguistic expressions (Bybee, 2006). Goldberg’s (1995) construction grammar is a version of usage-based grammar that treats language as an inventory of form-meaning pairings, termed constructions. Usage-based approaches to language predict that factors of language use, such as frequency of occurrence, affect processing at every level of the linguistic system, from sounds to sentences. This approach is gaining increasing recognition in the field of aphasiology, where sentence-level frequency effects have historically been described in terms of deficits (Gahl & Menn, 2016). The current research adopts a usage-based approach to language and contributes new data on the topic of verb and sentence processing in typical adults and adults with acquired aphasia. Aims This research investigated the effects of two frequency-based properties of verbs on language processing in adults, including the frequency of a verb as a single word, termed lexical frequency, and the frequency of a verb in a particular syntactic construction, termed construction frequency. Specifically, this project aimed: (1) to examine the effect of construction frequency and lexical frequency on sentence processing in adults; (2) to explore whether the pattern of performance from adults with acquired aphasia was similar to or divergent from the performance of typical adults; and (3) to consider how residual linguistic capabilities in participants with aphasia affected their performance in experimental tasks. Methods In Phase 1, 20 typical adults and four adults with acquired aphasia took part in a verbal fluency task in which they named verbs that could occur in eight unique syntactic constructions. Noun phrases were encoded as pronouns, so no semantic activation was available from the lexemes contained in sentence stimuli, and a blank space stood in place of the verb. For example, a sentence corresponding to the conative construction was presented as you ___ at us. In Phase 2, 90 typical adults and 14 adults with acquired aphasia took part in a grammaticality judgement task and a sentence completion task. Participants silently read sentences like those in Phase 1 and were subsequently presented with a written verb. In the grammaticality judgement task, participants decided whether or not the verb could occur in the sentence stimulus. In the sentence completion task, participants replaced the blank space in the sentence stimulus with the given verb and produced the entire sentence aloud. Participants’ number of target responses and response times were measured in each task. The frequency of verbs in Phase 2 varied along two dimensions. These independent variables included construction frequency and lexical frequency, each of which had two levels, namely, high frequency and low frequency. These four groups resulted in a factorial design, where conditions differed with respect to levels of construction frequency and lexical frequency. Results In Phase 1, the number of times typical participants generated verbs in response to syntactic constructions was more strongly related to verbs’ construction frequency than lexical frequency, for most constructions. Sentence stimuli successfully elicited verbs from participants with aphasia. In Phase 2, typical participants showed an effect of construction frequency in the grammaticality judgement task and an effect of lexical frequency in the sentence completion task. These effects were moderated by construction and interactions. In general, group-level results from participants with aphasia were consistent with findings from typical participants. Some individuals with aphasia showed frequency effects to a greater or lesser extent than typical participants. Conclusion Results suggest that at the sentence level, the frequency of verbs as single words and the frequency of verbs in particular syntactic contexts affects language processing, depending on task demands. Findings confirm the predicted effect of linguistic experience on language use. Importantly, this project extends the number of investigations of pathological language undertaken in a usage-based linguistic framework. Results from participants with aphasia are discussed with reference to treatments for sentence processing deficits in aphasia, item selection for those treatments and theories of agrammatism.

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Chapman, Laura R. Chapman. "Using Pupillometry to Index Cognitive Effort in Sentence Processing in People With and Without Aphasia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1518793884170866.

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Kongsbak, Ute. "Reading comprehension of literal, translational, and high inference level questions in aphasic and right hemisphere damaged adults." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4094.

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The purpose of this study was to examine and compare inferential abilities on a reading comprehension task in two groups of adults who had suffered cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Sixteen subjects with a CVA to the right hemisphere of the brain were compared to an equal number of left hemisphere damaged subjects. Subjects were selected after they had demonstrated an adequate level of functioning on the Short Porch Index of Communicative Ability (SPICA), a test which measures communicative efficiency, to perform the tasks required in this study. All subjects were administered the revised version of the Nelson Reading Skills Test (NRST). On the NRST, test questions can be grouped into three categories representing literal, translational and high levels of inference. Subjects were presented five reading paragraphs. They were asked to answer thirty-three questions pertaining to the reading material by pointing to the correct answer out of four choices. Subjects were allowed to refer back to the paragraphs when trying to answer the questions. Results revealed total NRST performance to be significantly better for RBD subjects. RBD subjects also performed significantly better than LBD subjects on translational inference items. The research data did not reflect the expected error pattern with most errors on questions requiring high inferential abilities followed by translational items and fewest errors on literal inferences for either group of subjects.

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Loveridge, Corinne Jones. "Effects of Positive and Negative Emotional Valence on Response TimeDuring a Confrontational Naming Task: Findings from People with Aphasia and Young Adults." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9088.

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The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of emotional arousal and valence on linguistic processing of adults with aphasia and neurotypical young adults. Nine people with aphasia (at least 6 months left hemisphere stroke and presenting with word retrieval deficits) and 20 young adults (reporting no evidence of neurological injury) participated. All participants completed a confrontational naming task during three conditions that were manipulated according to emotional arousal and valence: positive (high arousal, positive valence), negative (high arousal, negative valence), and neutral (low arousal, neutral valence). Average response time was measured for pictures named accurately within each condition. In general, participants with aphasia named pictures more slowly than young adult participants. Neither participant group had significant differences in response time across conditions. Individual participants varied in how emotional valence affected their response times. Further research is needed to identify what factors lead to differing responses to the high-arousal conditions.

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Dinh, An. "Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perceptions on Social Relationships of Older Adults with Aphasia Before and After Exposure to Socioemotional Selectivity Theory." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1572882456682253.

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Berry, Caitlin Ann. "Effectiveness of communication partner training program for employees working with persons with aphasia." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523401040148992.

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Loveridge, Corinne Jones. "Effects of Positive and Negative Emotional Valence on Response Time During a Confrontational Naming Task: Findings from People with Aphasia and Young Adults." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9088.

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The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of emotional arousal and valence on linguistic processing of adults with aphasia and neurotypical young adults. Nine people with aphasia (at least 6 months left hemisphere stroke and presenting with word retrieval deficits) and 20 young adults (reporting no evidence of neurological injury) participated. All participants completed a confrontational naming task during three conditions that were manipulated according to emotional arousal and valence: positive (high arousal, positive valence), negative (high arousal, negative valence), and neutral (low arousal, neutral valence). Average response time was measured for pictures named accurately within each condition. In general, participants with aphasia named pictures more slowly than young adult participants. Neither participant group had significant differences in response time across conditions. Individual participants varied in how emotional valence affected their response times. Further research is needed to identify what factors lead to differing responses to the high-arousal conditions.

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Kahn, Loren. "Training 6th year medical students in the use of supportive communication strategies in obtaining a case history from adults with aphasia : preliminary findings." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8783.

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Bibliography: leaves 113-117.
The medical interview is often the ﬁrst point of contact between doctors and patients. For patients who have suffered a stroke, this interaction is often a frustrating attempt to tell the doctor how they are feeling and a struggle on the part of the doctor, to obtain the necessary facts. In this study, a group of 6th year medical students were trained to use supportive communication strategies for the speciﬁc purpose of obtaining a case history from an adult with aphasia. These strategies were based on principles of Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia (SCA [TM]) (Kagan, 1998b). Results showed that students who received communication skills training as opposed to a theory lecture improved signiﬁcantly in their abilities to acknowledge the abilities of their patient, reveal their competence through different modalities and verify patient responses. In addition, students in the experimental group were signiﬁcantly better at establishing initial and developing rapport with their patients, exploring their patients' problems and providing structure to the interview as compared to the students in the control group. Further, the experimental group rated their post-training interviews and the quality of their interactions with their patients as signiﬁcantly better following their training. The results of this study provide strong evidence that medical students show signiﬁcant improvements in a number of skills following supportive communication training. These ﬁndings have implications for medical education and service delivery.

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Karidas, Stephanie. "Does the Use of Personally Relevant Stimuli in Semantic Complexity Training Facilitate Improved Functional Communication Performance Compared to Non-Personally Relevant Stimulus Items among Adults with Chronic Aphasia?" Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4704.

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This study investigated the influence of semantic complexity treatment in individuals with fluent aphasia on discourse performance. Semantic treatment is an effective way to improve semantically based word retrieval problems in aphasia. Treatment focused on the semantic application of the Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy (CATE) (Thompson, Shapiro, Kiran, & Sobecks, 2003) promotes training of complex items resulting in generalization to less complex, untrained items. In addition, research has shown that the personal relevance of treatment material can increase treatment efficacy. This study investigated the effect of semantic treatment of atypical personally relevant items among individuals with aphasia on discourse performance. Two treatment phases were applied to examine the influence of personally relevant and non-relevant treatment material on discourse performance. In addition, generalization from trained atypical items to untrained typical items was investigated. Methods and procedures were partially replicated from Kiran, Sandberg, & Sebastian (2011) examining semantic complexity within goal-derived (ad hoc) categories. Three participants with fluent aphasia were trained on three semantic tasks including category sorting, semantic feature generation/selection, and Yes/No feature questions. A generative naming task was used for probe data collection every second session. Stimuli consisted of atypical items only. The hypothesis that semantic complexity training of personally relevant items from ad hoc categories will produce greater generalization to associated, untrained items than training of non-relevant items and consequently increase discourse performance was not supported. The findings revealed a failure to replicate the magnitude and type of improvements previously reported for the typicality effect in generative naming. Clinical significance was found for personally relevant and non-relevant discourse performance. However, no consistent pattern was found within and across participants. In addition, effect size for generalization from trained atypical to untrained typical items was not significant. Limitations of this study lead to future directions to further specify participation selection, such as cognitive abilities, procedural changes, and the inclusion of discourse performance as an outcome measure. Overall, the results of this study provide weak support for replicating semantic treatment of atypical exemplars in ad-hoc categories and hence demonstrate the critical role of replication across labs to identify key issues in the candidacy, procedures, and outcome measurement of any developing treatment.

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Sotiropoulou, Drosopoulou Christina. "Speed of word retrieval across neurotypical and aphasic participants : an investigation of novel assessment and treatment methods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/speed-of-word-retrieval-across-neurotypical-and-aphasic-participants-an-investigation-of-novel-assessment-and-treatment-methods(f949ed93-7f56-48bb-888d-8db4c54a1e4c).html.

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Word finding difficulties (WFD) and slowing down both in linguistic comprehension and production are standard characteristics of people as they grow older. WFD also commonly occur in aphasia and are considered one of the most pervasive symptoms affecting stroke participants’ everyday communication. Research on older adults’ WFD has traditionally focused on production of single words when completing picture naming tasks, while very little is known about how much these WFD can compromise connected speech. Similarly, while picture naming tasks have typically been used for assessing and treating word finding problems in clinical practice, there is a dearth of studies in the aphasiological literature investigating the relationship between confrontation naming and connected speech tasks. The thesis investigated whether a newly-developed method/treatment targeting both speed and accuracy (‘repeated increasingly speeded presentation’ - RISP) in picture naming was more effective in (a) speeding up participants without compromising accuracy, and (b) improving the use of the trained/treated names in connected speech, compared to a standard method/therapy (‘standard presentation’ - SP) which targeted accuracy alone. English-speaking, elderly participants (n=27 at Chapter 3, n= 21 at Chapter 4) and participants with aphasia of varying severity and subtype (n=5 at Chapter 5 and n=20 at Chapter 6) were asked to carry out picture naming tasks/picture naming treatments and composite picture description tasks where the composite pictures included the trained/treated items. As for the neurotypical participants, words which were retrieved more quickly in picture naming tasks were also those which were more readily available and produced in connected speech tasks. Compared to SP, RISP was found to be significantly more effective in significantly reducing picture naming latencies without inducing a speed-accuracy trade-off and with lasting effects. Finally, SP was as effective in promoting retrieval in connected speech as RISP. As for the clinical population, compared to SP, RISP was significantly more effective in improving picture naming accuracy and in maintaining the reduced RTs in the long term. In comparison to the SP, RISP crucially led to significantly higher carry-over of targeted items to connected speech. The thesis findings underlined the effectiveness of a more demanding single word training method/treatment in improving lexical retrieval in confrontation naming for neurotypical participants and in enhancing connected speech for participants with aphasia.

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Martin, Paula Irene. "MRI neuroimaging: language recovery in adult aphasia due to stroke." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11133.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
This research focuses on the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to understanding recovery and treatment of aphasia in adults who have suffered a stroke. There are three parts. Part 1 presents the feasibility of the application of an overt, picture-naming, functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm to examine neural activity in chronic, nonfluent aphasia (four mild-moderate and one severe nonfluent/global patient). The advantages and disadvantages of an overt, object picture-naming, fMRI block-design paradigm are discussed. An overt naming fMRI design has potential as a method to provide insight into recovery from adult aphasia including plasticity of the brain after left hemisphere stroke and response to treatment. Part 2 uses the overt naming fMRI paradigm to examine changes in neural activity (neural plasticity) after a two-week series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatments to improve picture naming in chronic nonfluent aphasia. An overview of rTMS and rationale for use of rTMS as a clinical treatment for aphasia is provided. Patterns of fMRI activation are examined in two patients with chronic nonfluent aphasia following a two-week series of 1 Hz rTMS treatments to suppress the right pars triangularis portion of the right hemisphere, Broca's homologue. One patient responded well, and the other did not. Differences in fMRI activation in response to the rTMS treatment for the two patients may be due to differences in the patients' lesion sites and extent of damage within each lesion site. Part 3 examines the area of the corpus callosum (CC) in 21 chronic nonfluent aphasia patients and 13 ageequivalent controls using structural MRI. Understanding brain morphology and potential atrophy of the CC in chronic stroke patients may shed light on alterations in the interhemispheric dynamics after stroke, especially patterns of brain reorganization during post-stroke language recovery. A decrease in interhemispheric connections has implications for mechanisms of language recovery and potential success with specific treatment methods. Future directions of both structural and functional neuroimaging to study language recovery in adult aphasia are discussed.

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Chan, Lai-ming Cindy. "Communicative adequacy of request strategies in Cantonese-speaking aphasic adults." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209430.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1997.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1997." Also available in print.

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Ritchie, Hannah. "The Efficacy of Different Stimulus Fading Procedures to Teach Verbal Operants to an Older Adult with Aphasia." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1715.

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Aphasia can severely impact an individual’s ability to communicate. However, existing research on interventions is limited. The current study compared different stimulus fading procedures with an older adult diagnosed with aphasia. A multielement within a multiple baseline design across behaviors was used to measure the efficacy of each approach. Results showed that the time delay procedure was more efficient at fading prompts when teaching intraverbals.

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Parr, Susan Phillippa. "Aphasia and literacy : the application of practices associated with literacy teaching to the assessment of reading and writing disorders in adult aphasia." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357112.

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This study investigates the relevance of contemporary theories of literacy and associated practices for the assessment of functional reading and writing in acquired aphasia. `Ideological' and `autonomous' models of literacy are described. The ideological model represents reading and writing as a set of activities intrinsically connected with social behaviour. The autonomous model represents literacy as a set of discrete cognitive and linguistic skills which can operate regardless of context. An analysis of currently-used aphasia assessments, and the traditions from which they spring, suggests that they operate a predominantly autonomous model of literacy. Theoretical analysis is reinforced by three studies of people with and without aphasia. The first study demonstrates the diversity of everyday literacy practice of 50 non-aphasic people. The second study is a qualitative investigation of the literacy practices of twenty people with mild-moderate aphasia. Again, a diversity of psychosocial factors is found to affect literacy practice. These concern the roles both lost and taken on by the aphasic respondents, and the ways in which they cope with their condition. In the final study of the reading and writing difficulties of three aphasic people, a direct comparison is made of autonomous and ideological approaches to aphasia assessment, using a cognitive neuropsychological battery of tests, and an investigative procedure developed along ethnographic principles. These qualitative data suggest that the ideological approach addresses functional use of written language more adequately than the autonomous approach. There is little predictive relationship between the two approaches. The relevance of an ideological approach is supported, and the qualitative methodology associated with this model endorsed as a means of investigating aphasia. While the contributions of autonomous measures to the knowledge of impairment are acknowledged, the shortcomings of prescriptive approaches to functional assessment are also apparent. Contemporary theories of disability contribute to a re-evaluation of current approaches in the study of aphasia. It is argued that the personal interpretation of impairment must be addressed in functional assessment. The study represents a development in the theory of functional assessment of aphasia. It also develops a methodology which has implications for clinical practice.

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Wirth, Dian Carrol. "Discourse facilitation of language production by a nonfluent aphasic adult." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29806.

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This study investigated the language production of a single nonfluent aphasic individual as it varied across a number of discourse tasks. The tasks were hypothesized to affect the performance of the aphasic individual differentially because they varied in terms of number of extralinguistic variables, although the support factors do not necessarily contribute equivalent amounts of support. The extralinguistic variables included: schematic structure, temporal structure, visual support, retelling opportunity, familiar context and graphic representation of the semantic relations that form the basis of a discourse. The tasks also varied in terms of discourse type: fairytale, procedural discourse, memorable experience, sequence picture, expository discourse and complex picture description. A theory of sentence production (Garrett, 1980,1982,1984) provided a framework for identification of a number of dependent variables that were representative of the subject's level of language impairment at the functional and positional levels of Garrett's theory. Results indicated that discourse type was a factor in the subject's differential performance, measured in terms of length of discourse (words per discourse and utterances per discourse), length of utterance, the proportion of complete sentences (in relation to total utterances), and production of verbs in relation to the production of nouns. The number of extralinguistic variables was a factor in the subject's differential performance, measured in terms of the total number of words produced per minute per discourse and complete sentences as a proportion of total utterances. Also, the subject produced a greater proportion of complete sentences and a greater proportion of sentences having three arguments in a task represented in a format that emphasized the semantic relations of a discourse than in a task that did not, when all other variables were held constant. The subject produced longer discourses (measured in total number of words), a larger number of verb tokens, and a greater proportion of complete sentences in tasks having schematic structure than in tasks that did not, when all other variables were held constant. The results suggest that certain discourse tasks facilitate certain aspects of language production better than others. Knowledge of which discourse tasks are more facilitative is important for the assessment, and potentially, the treatment of aphasia.
Medicine, Faculty of
Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of
Graduate

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Wallner, Maria, and Sarah Weström. "Avdramatiserande strategier i logopedisk intervention : En samtalsanalytisk studie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67587.

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Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera de avdramatiserande strategier som förekommer under logopedisk afasi- och barnintervention samt att jämföra dessa interventionstyper. Vidare syftade studien till att beskriva hur dessa strategier påverkar interaktionen mellan logoped och patient. Vald analysmetod har influerats av Conversation Analysis (CA) eftersom det är en metod som kan användas för studier av interaktionen mellan människor. Materialet för analysen har utgjorts av sex samtal inom afasiintervention och åtta samtal inom barnintervention. Vid analysen av materialet till föreliggande studie blev det tydligt att det främst är logopeden som använde avdramatiserande strategier och detta skedde något oftare inom barnintervention än inom afasiintervention. I samma material var det relativt ovanligt att patienten använde avdramatiserande strategier. I de fall detta förekom bland patienter var det för att skydda sitt eget ansikte, till skillnad från logopedens användning som främst syftade till att skydda patientens ansikte. I resultaten framkom inga större skillnader gällande vilka avdramatiserande strategier som användes, däremot fanns skillnader i hur ofta de användes samt i hur de tillämpades. En annan tydlig skillnad vid jämförelse av interventionstyperna var att logopeden inom barnintervention oftare använde en stigande grundton som en artighetsstrategi, vilket i vissa situationer fungerar avdramatiserande. Gällande interaktionen ser de avdramatiserande strategierna till att samtalet fungerar och förs framåt inom de båda interventionstyperna. Behovet av de avdramatiserande strategierna blev tydligt när de inte fungerade och patienten till följd av detta upplevde ansiktshot. Sammanfattningsvis låg den största skillnaden mellan de studerade interventionstyperna i hur logopeden anpassade de olika strategierna till en vuxen person med afasi respektive ett barn med språkstörning.

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Hilton, C. R. "Linguistic redundancy and verbal comprehension in adult aphasics." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356805.

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Lastra, Juan Carlos. "Single-subject experimental design using melodic intonation therapy with an adult Hispanic male a case study /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Pillay, Bhavani S. "Semantic feature analysis for word retrieval in a small aphasia-group setting." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58976.

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Background: Word retrieval deficits are a common, pervasive feature of aphasia. Semantic feature analysis (SFA) is a popular treatment technique for word retrieval impairment. Preliminary evidence of its use in small aphasia-group settings suggests improved word retrieval in discourse-based tasks with improvements in communicative informativeness (Antonucci, 2009; Falconer & Antonucci, 2012). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the training of SFA within discourse during a small (two-member) aphasia group treatment to ascertain if gains would be made in word retrieval abilities and communicative informativeness. Method: Two female participants with chronic aphasia, aged seventy seven and sixty eight, participated weekly in group treatment for five consecutive weeks where stimuli were used to elicit increasingly naturalistic discourse. A multiple-baseline design was used and a case series analysis conducted. Baseline measures, treatment data and data from the six week follow-up (SWFU) session were analysed using the protocols developed by Nicholas and Brookshire (1993) and Mayer and Murray (2003). Results: Both participants demonstrated certain modest gains in overall communicative informativeness but these were not maintained at the SWFU session. Gains in informativeness ranged from 12% to 13.4% for participants, which agree with improvements in other studies (Antonucci, 2009; Boyle & Coelho, 1995; Falconer & Antonucci, 2012). P2 (presented with anomic aphasia) performed better than P1 (presented with Broca’s aphasia and a component of apraxia of speech [AOS]) with regards to communicative informativeness (%CIUs) and had greater access to semantic knowledge (i.e. could access lexical forms at an improved rate). Conclusion: The small group setting may offer advantages to facilitate communication skills and increase participation in everyday conversation. Further research is needed to identify benefits for individuals with differing aphasia types and severity, optimal intensity and frequency of group treatment and the role of peer support during group interaction. Key Words Aphasia, stroke rehabilitation, word retrieval, semantic feature analysis, connected speech, discourse, group therapy, communicative informativeness, functional communication.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
MA
Unrestricted

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Stayer, Jane Mary. "Facilitating Independent Communication for an Adult with Severe, Nonfluent Aphasia Using a Voice Output Communication Aid." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4790.

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Aphasia is an acquired general impairment of the language processes resulting from brain damage that is frequently caused by cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Persons with aphasia have a history of retaining important communication competencies that have the potential for helping them succeed in using augmented communication systems. Using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems by adults with aphasia has been studied, but few studies have reported successfully using AAC systems in rehabilitating adults with aphasia. New advanced technologies including the availability of devices that talk, store a lot of information, and are relatively small can give AAC the potential to affect a greater change in functional communication skills for more persons with aphasia, particularly as experience with AAC rehabilitation grows. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an adult with severe, nonfluent aphasia could communicate independently by adding a voice output communication aid (VOCA) to his natural communication repertoire. This study also sought to answer the following question: Does the addition of a VOCA to natural expression facilitate independent communication in an adult with severe, nonfluent aphasia? One subject was drawn from the out-patient members of a recreationoriented communication treatment group which is conducted at the Portland Veterans' Affairs Medical Center. The subject had been diagnosed with severe, nonfluent aphasia by a certified Speech/Language Pathologist. This study used a single-subject, component assessment research design to explore the relative effectiveness of components in an aphasia and AAC treatment package. It compared the relative effectiveness of Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness (PACE) only treatment using natural communication strategies with that of PACE treatment for natural strategies plus a VOCA component. The subject's attempts to convey information were videotaped and analyzed using mean scores and a split-middle method of trend estimation to determine whether performance differences existed under two treatment conditions. The data for the number of conversational turns show an increase in the number of conversational turns which confirms an overall decrease in efficiency of communication for a severely aphasic person in this structured task in the augmented condition. Second, although the data for the number of communication breakdowns, the number of repair turns, and the repair turns as a percentage of total turns show a decline which would confirm an overall increase in effectiveness, this study does not conclusively demonstrate that the use of a VOCA enhances communication in this setting for this person compared to PACE only treatment. Lastly, the data for the number of messages conveyed correctly show little change which confirms by the measure used in this study, no difference in accuracy of communication for this activity in the augmented condition.

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Spezzano, Luisa Carmen. "Estudo da habilidade de nomeação de objetos e verbos - análise dos tipos de erros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-19042013-115603/.

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A nomeação constitui uma das tarefas mais importantes no processamento da linguagem. A nomeação de diferentes categorias semânticas e gramaticais diverge em suas propriedades lexicais e possui substratos neuroanatômicos distintos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos caracterizar as alterações de nomeação de sujeitos com afasia, comparando-os aos sujeitos sem alteração de linguagem e estabelecer relações da tipologia de resposta na tarefa de nomeação de verbos e de substantivos em afásicos. A amostra foi composta por indivíduos divididos em dois grupos: GC e GP. O GC foi constituído de 95 sujeitos sem alteração de linguagem, com média de idade de 56,7 anos (15,4) e escolaridade de 9,3 anos (4,4). O GP foi constituído por 33 afásicos, subdividido em não fluentes (GNF) e fluentes (GF). No GNF foram avaliados 17 sujeitos com média de idade de 65,5 anos (14) e escolaridade de 8,2 anos (6,4). No GF foram avaliados 16 sujeitos com média de idade de 60,5 anos (16,7) e escolaridade de 11,5 anos (7,6). O teste utilizado foi a bateria inglesa An Object and Action Naming Battery (Bateria de Nomeação de Objetos e Verbos - BNOV). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de afásicos no número de acertos para substantivos e verbos (p<0,001). O número de acertos para a nomeação de substantivos é maior do que para verbos no GNF enquanto o número de acertos para a nomeação de verbos é maior no GF. Os sujeitos do GNF apresentaram como tipo de resposta desviante mais frequente a \"complementação por gesto\", seguido dos tipos xiii \"hiperônimo\" e \"componente\" na nomeação de substantivos e \"erros de associação\", \"co-hipônimo\", e \"substantivo relacionado\", na nomeação de verbos. Os sujeitos do GF apresentaram como tipo de resposta desviante mais frequente o \"neologismo\", seguido de \"parafasia fonêmica\" e \"circunlóquios\" para a nomeação de substantivos e \"neologismo\", \"erros fonológicos\" e \"circunlóquios\" para verbos.
Naming is one of the most important functions in language processing. The naming of different semantic and grammatical categories diverge in their lexical properties and possess distinct neuroanatomical substrates. This study aims at characterizing the naming alterations and types of errors of aphasic individuals in a verbs and nouns naming. The sample was composed of subjects divided into two groups: GC and GP. The GC consisted of 95 subjects with no language impairment, with the mean age of 56.7 years (15.4) and schooling of 9.3 years (4.4). The GP comprised 33 aphasic patients, subdivided into non fluent (GNF) and fluent (GF). In the GNF, 17 subjects with the mean age of 65.5 years (14) and schooling of 8.2 years (6.4) were evaluated. In the GF, 16 subjects with the mean age of 60.5 years (16.7) and 11.5 years of schooling (7.6) were evaluated. The test used was the English battery An Object and Action Naming Battery. There were statistically significant differences between the aphasic groups as to the number of correct answers for nouns and verbs (p <0.001). The number of correct answers in the naming task for nouns was higher than for verbs in the GNF, while the number of correct answers in the naming of verbs was higher in the GF. The most frequent type of error presented by the GNF presented \"complementation by gesture\", followed by \"hyperonym\" and \"component\" in the naming of nouns and \"association errors\", \"hyponym\", and \"related noun\" in the naming of verbs. The most frequent type of error presented by the GF was \"neologism\", followed by \"phonemic paraphasia\" and \"circumlocutions\" in the naming of nouns and \"neologism\", \"phonological errors\" and \"circumlocutions\" for verbs.

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Godoy, Marina Rodrigues Bighetti. "Qualidade de interação entre familiar/cuidador e adulto ou idoso pós-acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-28062016-072701/.

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Considerando a família como instituição primária a qual se tem acesso, e a sua relevância nos diversos processos os quais o ser humano passa durante a vida, um resultado desse movimento são as mudanças na dinâmica familiar, quando há, por exemplo, o adoecimento de algum dos membros e um familiar torna-se cuidador. , atentando-se para as necessidades de cada sistema familiar. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a qualidade da relação entre o cuidador familiar e adulto ou idoso pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral, que se encontram no processo de reabilitação. Participaram deste estudo, familiares de 11 pacientes que se encontram em atendimento na Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru FOB/USP. Para a coleta de dados foram agendadas entrevistas com a aplicação de questionários para caracterizar os aspectos interacionais entre o cuidador familiar e a pessoa cuidada, avaliar o nível de dependência na realização de atividades básicas e instrumentais diárias e como esses fatores podem influenciar na sobrecarga do cuidador, considerando o tempo do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (tAVC) e tempo de convivência diária (tCD) e, consequentemente, oferecer uma qualidade da relação insatisfatória. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 49 anos, houve predominância do sexo feminino (63,6%), a média de tAVC de 44 meses e a média de tCD foi de 19 horas. Para a análise dos dados optou-se por uma análise descritiva e abordagem quantitativa para a apresentação dos dados, para determinar a correlação entre as variáveis foi utilizado o Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman e adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados oferecem subsídios para estudos complementares direcionados ao desenvolvimento de intervenções no âmbito familiar. A psicologia pode auxiliar nessa tarefa de observar os comportamentos e as interações dos indivíduos, além de avaliar o contexto desse paciente, em especial, na descrição da qualidade da relação entre paciente-familiar, partindo da atual situação vivenciada.
Considering the family as the primary institution to have access, and its relevance among different processes which the human being goes through the life, as result of this reality there are changes in family dynamics such as illness of a member and a family member becomes a caregiver. Changes in roles and family dynamics suggest that the services and health professionals are prepared to meet the patient and families, paying attention to the needs of each family system and each person. The objective of this study was to describe the quality of the relationship between family members / caregivers and adults and elderly poststroke, who are attending a rehabilitation program. In this study, 11 family members of patients who are in attendance at the Clinic of Speech Language Pathology Dentistry School - FOB / USP participated. For data collection interviews with questionnaires were scheduled to characterize the interactional aspects between the family / caregiver and the cared person, assess the level of dependency in carrying out daily basic and instrumental activities and how these factors may influence the overload caregiver, considering the time of stroke and time of daily living together and thus it will all provide a quality unsatisfactory relationship. The average age of participants was 49 years, there was a predominance of females (63.6%), the average when stroke happened was 44 months and the average of being together was 19 hours. For data analysis it was chosen a descriptive analysis and quantitative approach to the presentation of data to determine the correlation between the variables we used the Spearman correlation coefficient and adopted a significance level of 5% (p <0.05 ). The results provide input for further studies directed to development interventions within the family. Psychology can help in this task of observing the behavior and interactions of individuals, as well as evaluating the context of this patient , in particular in describing the quality of the relationship between patient - family, from the current situation experienced.

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Aedo, Araya Trinidad, Sir Camila Aragonés, González Daniela Araya, Barrios Daniela Cortese, and Alvear Valentina Pereira. "Aplicación de la versión en español del KAT (Kentucky Aphasia Test) : estudio para la adaptación en adultos normales chilenos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114242.

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Dentro de los trastornos de la comunicación de origen neurológico la afasia es uno de los más frecuentes, repercutiendo en la capacidad de satisfacer las necesidades comunicativas del individuo. Su intervención debe incluir una evaluación detallada que permita detectar presencia, tipo y severidad del cuadro clínico para posteriormente elaborar un plan terapéutico. En Chile la disponibilidad de pruebas de evaluación es escasa, debido a que la mayoría fue creada para pacientes de habla inglesa con normas y estandarizaciones distintas del contexto lingüístico nacional. Ante esta realidad se propone adaptar el KAT, el cual posee una serie de ventajas que cubren la mayoría de las limitaciones de las pruebas actualmente utilizadas. Razón por la cual, el propósito de este seminario es aportar a la clínica fonoaudiológica chilena un test de evaluación para personas con afasia que responda al contexto lingüístico nacional. Los procedimientos realizados incluyeron la traducción del KAT, adaptación de estímulos visuales y verbales evaluados por un grupo de expertos, y la aplicación del test a 118 sujetos sin daño neurológico del sector sur oriente de la región Metropolitana de Chile que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Los resultados obtenidos de esta aplicación presentaron diferencias significativas entre los KAT 1, 2 y 3, lo cual concuerda con el incremento de la complejidad entre las 3 baterías. La gran mayoría de los resultados del KAT 1 y 2 cumplen con todos los criterios propuestos para su validación en el español, sin embargo, la gran variabilidad en las respuestas obtenidas en el KAT 3 sugieren modificaciones y re – evaluaciones para su posterior inclusión en la versión final del test.

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49

Roll, Marika JoBeth. "Effects of Drill-Based Therapy on the Recognition and Transcoding of Arabic Numerals in an Adult with Chronic Aphasia." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1428498660.

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50

Ferreira, Elisabete Duarte. "A influência dos principais factores de risco cardiovascular nos AVCs e consequente perturbação da linguagem adquirida: afasia no adulto." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4848.

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Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Terapêutica da Fala, área de especialização em Linguagem no Adulto
Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) constitui um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, de morbimortalidade e de incapacidade prolongada. As alterações decorrentes do AVC incluem os défices motores, os défices cognitivos e as perturbações da linguagem adquirida, tal como a afasia. Foi seleccionada a afasia, uma vez que é a sequela comunicacional mais comum decorrente do AVC. Assim, o tema do presente trabalho é a influência dos principais factores de risco cardiovascular nos acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC`s) e consequente perturbação da linguagem adquirida: afasia no adulto, que teve como objectivos caracterizar os principais factores de risco cardiovascular associados ao AVC; caracterizar a afasia associada ao AVC; identificar os principais critérios de referenciação para a terapia da fala; e identificar a percepção do utente sobre o estado comunicacional pós-AVC. Participantes e Métodos: O estudo é transversal e os instrumentos de recolha de dados utilizados foram: o questionário; a Bateria de Avaliação de Afasia de Lisboa (BAAL); e o Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A amostra deste estudo foi constituída por 60 utentes de uma instituição de saúde, seleccionada por conveniência. O grupo A foi constituído por 20 indivíduos que não sofreram um AVC, não apresentam afasia, e não apresentaram critérios de referenciação para a terapia da fala; o grupo B foi formado por 20 indivíduos que sofreram um AVC, manifestam afasia, com critérios de referenciação para terapia da fala; e o grupo C, composto por 20 indivíduos que sofreram um AVC, manifestam afasia e não tinham critérios de referenciação para terapia da fala. Recorreu-se a uma análise univariada e multivariada, bem como a frequências relativas, para determinar os objectivos em estudo. Resultados: O presente estudo sugeriu que a probabilidade de um indivíduo sofrer um AVC aumenta com a idade (> a 65 anos; OR:14,0; IC 95%: 1,554 - 126,163; p= 0,019) e com a hipertensão arterial (HTA), (OR: 22,29; IC 95%: 2,379 – 208, 789; p= 0,007). Verificou-se que os tipos de afasia decorrentes do AVC mais frequentes foram: a afasia global (26,7%); a afasia anómica (25%); e a afasia transcortical motora (6,7%). Os critérios de referenciação para a terapia da fala mais frequentes foram a idade (15%); o tipo de défices da linguagem e de fala (6,7%) e o nível de consciência (5,0%). E por último 35% dos participantes consideram as suas dificuldades comunicacionais severas e 15% dos mesmos afirmam que as dificuldades comunicacionais são moderadas. Conclusões: Globalmente estes resultados sugerem que os factores de risco na base do AVC estão bem identificados e os benefícios alcançados com as estratégias de prevenção quer primária como secundária são claros. A qualidade de vida dos participantes com afasia é prejudicada, não só pelo comprometimento do estado de saúde geral, como também pelas consequências associadas. Assim, concluiu-se que a hipertensão arterial é a principal causa de AVC e que o comprometimento da funcionalidade comunicativa tem implicações para o indivíduo e para a sua família, uma vez que condiciona a sua indepêndencia e a sua participação nas actividades de vida diária (AVD`s) e que dependendo da idade e da severidade dos défices linguísticos associados, os participantes são referenciados para a terapia da fala, sendo que os critérios de referenciação necessitam de ser uniformizados para garantir o acesso aos cuidados de saúde adequados para todos os utentes com afasia. Introduction: Stroke is a major problem of public health, of morbility and mortality and long-term disability. The main changes that results from a stroke includes motor and cognitive deficits and acquired language disorders, such as aphasia. Aphasia was selected because it`s the most common communication`s consequence that results from the stroke. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to describe the influence of the main cardiovascular risk factors in stroke and subsequent acquired language disorder: aphasia in adults, which had as aims to characterize the main cardiovascular risk factors associated with stroke; characterize aphasia associated with stroke; identify the main selection criteria for referral to speech therapy; and identify the participantes perception of the post-stroke communicational status. Participants and Methods: The study is transversal and the data collection instruments used were: a questionnaire; the Bateria de Afasia de Lisboa (BAAL); and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The sample was composed by 60 institutionalized individuals selected by pre-established criteria and investigator`s convenience. The group A consisted of 20 individuals who did not suffer a stroke nor have aphasia, or met the criteria for referral to speech therapy; group B consisted of 20 individuals who have suffered a stroke, have aphasia and criteria for referral to speech therapy; and group C, composed of 20 individuals who have suffered a stroke, aphasia and without criteria for referral to speech therapy. We used a univariate and multivariate analysis, as well as the relative frequencies to determined the study`s aims. We used a univariate and multivariate analysis, as well as the relative frequencies to determine the objectives for the study. Results: The present study suggested that the probability of an individual having a stroke increases with age (> 65 years, OR: 14,0; 95% CI: 1,554 to 126,163; p = 0.019) and hypertension (OR: 22,29; 95% CI: 2,379 to 208, 789; p = 0,007). It was found that the most common aphasia`s types resulting from stroke were global aphasia (26,7%); the anomic aphasia (25%); and motor aphasia transcortical (6,7%). The most frequent selection criteria for the referral to speech therapy were age (15%), type of deficits in language and speech (6,7%) and consciousness´s level (5,0%). And finally 35% of respondents considered their communication difficulties severe and 15% of them claim that communication difficulties are moderated. Conclusions: Overall these results suggest that the risk factors on the basis of stroke are well known, and the benefits achieved with primary and secondary prevention strategies are clear. The life´s quality is comprised not only by general health condition but also by the associated consequences. Thus, it was concluded that hypertension is the leading cause of stroke and the communicative functionality restrictions has implications for the individual and their family, as it conditions their independence and participation in the daily living`s activities and that depending on the age and severity of language deficits associated, participants are referred for speech therapy, and these need to be standardized to ensure the access to adequate health care for all individuals with aphasia.

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