Journal articles: 'Adults with aphasia'

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Nicholas, L. E., D. L. MacLennan, and R. H. Brookshire. "Validity of Multiple-Sentence Reading Comprehension Tests for Aphasic Adults." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 51, no. 1 (February 1986): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5101.82.

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This study assessed the passage dependency of multiple-sentence reading test items from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (Goodglass & Kaplan, 1983), the Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia (Schuell, 1965), Examining for Aphasia (Eisenson, 1954), the Reading Comprehension Battery for Aphasia (LaPointe & Horner, 1979), and the Western Aphasia Battery (Kertesz, 1982). More than half of the test items from these reading tests were answered correctly by a significantly greater than chance number of both aphasic and non-brain-damaged adults without reading the passages whose comprehension the items purported to test. These results suggest that published tests for assessing aphasic persons' comprehension of multiple-sentence passages do not provide valid estimates of such persons' ability to comprehend information from printed texts.

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Rodil, Kasper, Emil Byskov Nielsen, and Jonathan Bernstorff Nielsen. "Sharing Memories: Co-Designing Assistive Technology with Aphasic Adults and Support Staff." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2018010102.

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This article describes how for people suffering from aphasia, everyday verbal and bodily interpersonal communication is challenging. To increase aphasics' ability to share memories, an assistive technology (the MemoryBook) was conceptualized based on explicit, observable and tacit knowledge gathered from the practices in which it was to be contextualized and through a close partnership between aphasics and their caretakers. The underlying design methodology for the MemoryBook is a participatory design manifested through the collaboration and creations by two aphasic residents and one member of the support staff. The idea of the MemoryBook is materialized, and inspired by a photo album, which uses photos and audio recordings to present memories digitally. The MemoryBook was evaluated and found to be a useful approach to a wicked problem of allowing aphasics to digitally capture and communicate memories without caretaker intervention.

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Silkes, JoAnn P., Malcolm R. McNeil, and Mathias Drton. "Simulation of Aphasic Naming Performance in Non-Brain-Damaged Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 3 (June 2004): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/047).

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Discussion abounds in the literature as to whether aphasia is a deficit of linguistic competence or linguistic performance and, if it is a performance deficit, what are its precise mechanisms. Considerable evidence suggests that alteration of nonlinguistic factors can affect language performance in aphasia, a finding that raises questions about the modularity of language and the purity of linguistic mechanisms underlying the putative language deficits in persons with aphasia. This study investigated whether temporal stress plus additional cognitive demands placed on non-brain-damaged adults would produce aphasic-like performance on a picture naming task. Two groups of non-brain-damaged participants completed a picture naming task with additional cognitive demands (use of low frequency words and making semantic judgments about the stimuli). A control group performed this task at their own pace, and an experimental group was placed under time constraints. Naming errors were identified and coded by error type. Errors made by individuals with aphasia from a previous study (S. E. Kohn & H. Goodglass, 1985) were recoded with the coding system used in the present study and were then compared with the types of errors produced by the 2 non-brain-damaged groups. Results generally support the hypothesis that the language performance deficits seen in persons with aphasia exist on a continuum with the language performance of non-brain-damaged individuals. Some error type differences between groups warrant further investigation. KEY WORDS : aphasia, language functions and disorders, anomia, verbal expression

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Ross, Katherine B., and Robert T. Wertz. "Discriminative Validity of Selected Measures for Differentiating Normal From Aphasic Performance." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12, no. 3 (August 2003): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2003/077).

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Normal elderly and mildly aphasic individuals may exhibit similar impairments in comprehension and expression. The discriminative validity between normal and aphasic performance on most standardized measures of aphasia has not been reported. The authors compared the performance of 18 aphasic and 18 normal adults to determine the discriminative validity of 2 general language measures—the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (B. E. Porch, 1967) and the Western Aphasia Battery (A. Kertesz, 1982)—and 2 functional communication measures—the Communication Activities of Daily Living-Second Edition (A. L. Holland, C. Frattali, & D. Fromm, 1999) and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults (C. Frattali, C. K. Thompson, A. L. Holland, C. B. Wohl, & M. K. Ferketic, 1995). All between-groups comparisons of summary scores for each measure showed significant mean differences. Expressive language ability and efficiency of performance best differentiated between the aphasic and normal groups. However, group performance ranges overlapped by at least 10% on each measure. To enhance the differential diagnosis of aphasia, supplementing formal test results with additional subjective and objective evidence is recommended.

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Correia, Louise, Robert H. Brookshire, and Linda E. Nicholas. "Aphasic and Non-Brain-Damaged Adults' Descriptions of Aphasia Test Pictures and Gender-Biased Pictures." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 4 (November 1990): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5504.713.

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Twelve aphasic and 12 non-brain-damaged adult males described the speech elicitation pictures from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE), the Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia (MTDDA), the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), and six pictures representing male-biased or female-biased daily-life situations. For each speech sample we calculated number of words, words per minute, number of correct information units, percentage of words that were correct information units, and percentage of correct information units that were nouns or adjectives (amount of enumeration or naming). The WAB picture elicited more enumeration than the BDAE or MTDDA pictures, and information was produced at a slower rate in response to the WAB picture than the other two pictures. These differences were statistically significant and appear to be clinically important. Gender bias had statistically significant effects on two measures. Male-biased pictures elicited significantly more words and significantly more correct information units than female-biased pictures. However, these differences were small and do not appear to be clinically important. Two of the five measures (words per minute and percentage of words that were correct information units) differentiated non-brain-damaged speakers from aphasic speakers. The magnitude of these differences suggests that these measures provide clinically important information about the problems aphasic adults may have when they produce narrative discourse.

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Goldfarb, Robert, Beatrice Stocker, Jon Eisenson, and Susan Desanti. "Communicative Responsibility and Semantic Task in Aphasia and “Schizophasia”." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (October 1994): 1027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.1027.

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A probe technique requiring convergent and divergent semantic behavior and representing five levels of communicative responsibility served as the research tool. Stimuli were presented to 29 aphasic adults (13 Broca's, 7 Wernicke's, and 9 anomic), 26 adults with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, and 32 normal elderly control subjects. Within each group significant differences were observed on the semantic task (convergent and divergent) and on level of communicative responsibility. Among subjects with aphasia, differences appeared to relate more to severity than type. Differences between unclassified aphasic and “schizophasic” groups occurred only when multiword responses were required. We conclude that continued use of the term “schizophasia” may be unwarranted and that the linguistic behaviors we observed in aphasia and the language of schizophrenia may contribute to differential diagnosis.

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Mansur, Letícia Lessa, Márcia Radanovic, Danielle Rüegg, Lúcia Iracema Zanotto de Mendonça, and Milberto Scaff. "Descriptive study of 192 adults with speech and language disturbances." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 120, no. 6 (2002): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802002000600003.

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CONTEXT: Aphasia is a very disabling condition caused by neurological diseases. In Brazil, we have little data on the profile of aphasics treated in rehabilitation centers. OBJECTIVE: To present a descriptive study of 192 patients, providing a reference sample of speech and language disturbances among Brazilians. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Speech Pathology Unit linked to the Neurology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. SAMPLE: All patients (192) referred to our Speech Pathology service from 1995 to 2000. PROCEDURES: We collected data relating to demographic variables, etiology, language evaluation (functional evaluation, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, Boston Naming and Token Test), and neuroimaging studies. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The results obtained in language tests and the clinical and neuroimaging data were organized and classified. Seventy aphasics were chosen for constructing a profile. Fourteen subjects with left single-lobe dysfunction were analyzed in detail. Seventeen aphasics were compared with 17 normal subjects, all performing the Token Test. RESULTS: One hundred subjects (52%) were men and 92 (48%) women. Their education varied from 0 to 16 years (average: 6.5; standard deviation: 4.53). We identified the lesion sites in 104 patients: 89% in the left hemisphere and 58% due to stroke. The incidence of aphasia was 70%; dysarthria and apraxia, 6%; functional alterations in communication, 17%; and 7% were normal. Statistically significant differences appeared when comparing the subgroup to controls in the Token Test. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this sample contributes to a better understanding of neurological patients with speech and language disturbances and may be useful as a reference for health professionals involved in the rehabilitation of such disorders.

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Katz, Richard C., and Robert T. Wertz. "The Efficacy of Computer-Provided Reading Treatment for Chronic Aphasic Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 3 (June 1997): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4003.493.

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We examined the effects of computer-provided reading activities on language performance in chronic aphasic patients. Fifty-five aphasic adults were assigned randomly to one of three conditions: computer reading treatment, computer stimulation, or no treatment. Subjects in the computer groups used computers 3 hours each week for 26 weeks. Computer reading treatment software consisted of visual matching and reading comprehension tasks. Computer stimulation software consisted of nonverbal games and cognitive rehabilitation tasks. Language measures were administered to all subjects at entry and after 3 and 6 months. Significant improvement over the 26 weeks occurred on five language measures for the computer reading treatment group, on one language measure for the computer stimulation group, and on none of the language measures for the notreatment group. The computer reading treatment group displayed significantly more improvement on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability “Overall” and “Verbal” modality percentiles and on the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia “Quotient” and “Repetition” subtest than the other two groups. The results suggest that (a) computerized reading treatment can be administered with minimal assistance from a clinician, (b) improvement on the computerized reading treatment tasks generalized to non-computer language performance, (c) improvement resulted from the language content of the software and not stimulation provided by a computer, and (d) the computerized reading treatment we provided to chronic aphasic patients was efficacious.

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Lasker, Joanne P. "AAC Language Assessment: Considerations for Adults With Aphasia." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 17, no. 3 (September 2008): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac17.3.105.

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Abstract The process of recommending AAC systems and strategies for adults with aphasia requires clinicians to analyze both the language skills of the client and the specific language demands posed by different AAC systems. This paper describes some of the challenges people with aphasia face when attempting to use AAC approaches and presents a brief overview of language assessment techniques for people with aphasia. We review the AAC-Aphasia Classification System (Garrett & Lasker, 2005)—a tool for describing communication behaviors of people with aphasia. We present a brief analysis of the language features inherent in some AAC systems in terms of language storage and retrieval. We also discuss the importance of matching clients' current and potential language skills with an appropriate AAC tool.

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Hopper, Tammy, and Audrey L. Holland. "Aphasia and Learning in Adults." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 21, no. 4 (October 2005): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013614-200510000-00008.

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Chiou, Hsinhuei S., and Mary R. T. Kennedy. "Switching in adults with aphasia." Aphasiology 23, no. 7-8 (July 2009): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030802642028.

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Thiessen, Amber, David Beukelman, Karen Hux, and Maria Longenecker. "A Comparison of the Visual Attention Patterns of People With Aphasia and Adults Without Neurological Conditions for Camera-Engaged and Task-Engaged Visual Scenes." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 2 (April 2016): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-14-0115.

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Purpose The purpose of the study was to compare the visual attention patterns of adults with aphasia and adults without neurological conditions when viewing visual scenes with 2 types of engagement. Method Eye-tracking technology was used to measure the visual attention patterns of 10 adults with aphasia and 10 adults without neurological conditions. Participants viewed camera-engaged (i.e., human figure facing camera) and task-engaged (i.e., human figure looking at and touching an object) visual scenes. Results Participants with aphasia responded to engagement cues by focusing on objects of interest more for task-engaged scenes than camera-engaged scenes; however, the difference in their responses to these scenes were not as pronounced as those observed in adults without neurological conditions. In addition, people with aphasia spent more time looking at background areas of interest and less time looking at person areas of interest for camera-engaged scenes than did control participants. Conclusions Results indicate people with aphasia visually attend to scenes differently than adults without neurological conditions. As a consequence, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) facilitators may have different visual attention behaviors than the people with aphasia for whom they are constructing or selecting visual scenes. Further examination of the visual attention of people with aphasia may help optimize visual scene selection.

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Laures-Gore, Jacqueline, and Kenneth G. Rice. "The Simple Aphasia Stress Scale." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 2855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-19-0053.

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Purpose Clinically accessible and concise measures of acute stress in adults with aphasia are lacking. The current article evaluated some psychometric features of a single-item self-report measure of acute stress in adults with aphasia, the Simple Aphasia Stress Scale. Method Three archival data sets utilizing varying iterations of a stress scale developed for studies of stress in adults with aphasia were included in the present analysis. Results The single-item stress scale had good levels of absolute and relative stability. Scores were generally unaffected by aphasia severity, age, or sex. The scale was strongly correlated with emotional arousal. Conclusion The single-item scale performed reasonably well across different studies and psychometric indicators. A 7-point rather than a 5-point response version of the scale was recommended as a clinically accessible and concise measure of acute stress in adults with aphasia. Future research should examine whether the tendency for adults with aphasia to use a restricted range of lower stress responses was due to underreporting, not perceiving acute stress, or some other factor. The high correlation between stress and arousal in women suggests that there needs to be further investigation of discriminant validity. Future work should also expand the scope of variables to evaluate further evidence of convergent and criterion-related validity.

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Ulatowska, Hanna K., Robert T. Wertz, Sandra B. Chapman, CaSaundra L. Hill, Jennifer L. Thompson, Molly W. Keebler, Gloria Streit Olness, Sharon D. Parsons, Teya Miller, and Linda L. Auther. "Interpretation of Fables and Proverbs by African Americans With and Without Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10, no. 1 (February 2001): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2001/007).

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There is a paucity of performance information for African American adults with aphasia on appraisal tasks, especially in comparison with performance by neurologically normal African American adults. We administered language impairment, functional communication, and discourse measures to neurologically normal African American adults and African American adults with aphasia. The neurologically normal group performed significantly better on the language impairment measure (Western Aphasia Battery), the functional communication measure (ASHA Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults), providing the lesson in a fable discourse task, and spontaneous interpretation of proverbs. No significant differences between groups were observed on a picture description fable task or in performance on a multiple-choice proverb task. Few significant relationships were observed among measures in the neurologically normal group; however, the group with aphasia displayed a variety of significant relationships in their performance on the language impairment, functional communication, fable lesson, and interpretation of proverbs tasks. The results imply that fable and proverb discourse tasks may be valuable supplemental measures for characterizing communicative competence in African American adults who have aphasia.

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Lyon, Jon G. "Communication Use and Participation in Life for Adults With Aphasia in Natural Settings." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 1, no. 3 (May 1992): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0103.07.

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Ensuring effective use of communication and participation in life for adults with aphasia in their natural settings may require broader and more extensive interventions than previously envisioned or actively managed by speechlanguage pathologists. Acquired brain damage unquestionably diminishes the extent to which adults with aphasia make use of communication and participation in daily life. But optimal management of aphasia extends beyond an anatomic-physiologic basis of dysfunction or even concentrated efforts to remediate linguistic or communication disabilities. Past failures to achieve a solution to this problem may be more because of what is absent from aphasia treatment than the improper or incomplete repair or management of what currently is treated. Treatment may require inclusion and active integration of a means of managing the psychosocial handicap of the aphasia. However, with an expanded scope to aphasia treatment, the methods of inquiry must be equally appropriate for discerning pertinent facts about optimal functioning of adults with aphasia in natural settings. This topic, the epistemology of the problem, is the subject of a forthcoming publication.

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Newton, Caroline, Rebecca Burns, and Carolyn Bruce. "Accent identification by adults with aphasia." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 27, no. 4 (January 22, 2013): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2012.753111.

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Kojima, Tomoyuki. "Aphasia in Adults and Brain Plasticity." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 43, no. 3 (2002): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.43.336.

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Centeno, José G. "Multidisciplinary Evidence to Treat Bilingual Individuals with Aphasia." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 15, no. 3 (October 2008): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds15.3.66.

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Abstract The steady increase in linguistic and cultural diversity in the country, including the number of bilingual speakers, has been predicted to continue. Minorities are expected to be the majority by 2042. Strokes, the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the U.S., are quite prevalent in racial and ethnic minorities, so population estimates underscore the imperative need to develop valid clinical procedures to serve the predicted increase in linguistically and culturally diverse bilingual adults with aphasia in post-stroke rehabilitation. Bilingualism is a complex phenomenon that interconnects culture, cognition, and language; thus, as aphasia is a social phenomenon, treatment of bilingual aphasic persons would benefit from conceptual frameworks that exploit the culture-cognition-language interaction in ways that maximize both linguistic and communicative improvement leading to social re-adaptation. This paper discusses a multidisciplinary evidence-based approach to develop ecologically-valid treatment strategies for bilingual aphasic individuals. Content aims to spark practitioners' interest to explore conceptually broad intervention strategies beyond strictly linguistic domains that would facilitate linguistic gains, communicative interactions, and social functioning. This paper largely emphasizes Spanish-English individuals in the United States. Practitioners, however, are advised to adapt the proposed principles to the unique backgrounds of other bilingual aphasic clients.

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Nicholas, Linda E., and Robert H. Brookshire. "A System for Quantifying the Informativeness and Efficiency of the Connected Speech of Adults With Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 2 (April 1993): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3602.338.

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A standardized rule-based scoring system, the Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis, was used to evaluate the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of 20 non-brain-damaged adults and 20 adults with aphasia in response to 10 elicitation stimuli. The interjudge reliability of the scoring system proved to be high, as did the session-to-session stability of performance on measures. There was a significant difference between the non-brain-damaged and aphasic speakers on each of the five measures derived from CIU and word counts. However, the three calculated measures (words per minute, percent CIUs, and CIUs per minute) more dependably separated aphasic from non-brain-damaged speakers on an individual basis than the two counts (number of words and number of CIUs).

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Rhodes, Naomi C., and Emi Isaki. "Script Training Using Telepractice with Two Adults With Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia." International Journal of Telerehabilitation 10, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2018.6259.

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Two male participants with chronic (> 2 years), non-fluent aphasia and their family members participated in script training using videoconferencing. Functional scripts were developed by people with aphasia (PWA) and their family members. Accuracy of scripts was measured by total target words produced per turn. Participant 1 with Broca’s aphasia produced scripts with 0% accuracy pre-treatment and 87.5% accuracy post-treatment. Participant 2 with Transcortical Motor aphasia produced scripts with 20.2% accuracy pre-treatment and 63.5% accuracy post-treatment. Pre- and post-questionnaires for communication effectiveness and the use of telepractice for speech therapy indicated improvements in answering yes/no questions, participating in conversations with strangers, and increasing confidence and satisfaction with technology delivered treatment. The use of videoconferencing to deliver script training appears beneficial for individuals with chronic aphasia.

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Oliveira, F. F., and B. P. Damasceno. "Global aphasia as a predictor of mortality in the acute phase of a first stroke." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 2b (2011): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000300002.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish whether vascular aphasic syndromes can predict stroke outcomes. METHOD: Thirty-seven adults were evaluated for speech and language within 72 hours after a single first-ever ischemic brain lesion, in blind association to CT and/or MR. RESULTS: Speech or language disabilities were found in seven (87.5%) of the eight deceased patients and twenty-six (89.7%) of the twenty-nine survivors. Global aphasia was identified in eleven patients, all with left hemisphere lesions (nine mute; five deceased), consisting on a risk factor for death in the acute stroke phase (ρ=0.022). Age (z=1.65; ρ>0.09), thrombolysis (ρ=0.591), infarct size (ρ=0.076) and side (ρ=0.649) did not significantly influence survival. Absence of aphasia did not predict a better evolution, regardless of the affected hemisphere. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was similar for all patient groups. CONCLUSION: Global aphasia in acute stroke can adversely affect prognosis, translated into impairment of dominant perisylvian vascular territories, with mutism as an important semiological element.

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Kagan, Aura, Nina Simmons-Mackie, and J. Charles Victor. "The Impact of Exposure With No Training: Implications for Future Partner Training Research." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0413.

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Purpose This research note reports on an unexpected negative finding related to behavior change in a controlled trial designed to test whether partner training improves the conversational skills of volunteers. Method The clinical trial involving training in “Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia” utilized a single-blind, randomized, controlled, pre–post design. Eighty participants making up 40 dyads of a volunteer conversation partner and an adult with aphasia were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control group of 20 dyads each. Descriptive statistics including exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the percentage of control group participants who got worse after exposure to individuals with aphasia. Results Positive outcomes of training in Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia for both the trained volunteers and their partners with aphasia were reported by Kagan, Black, Felson Duchan, Simmons-Mackie, and Square in 2001. However, post hoc data analysis revealed that almost one third of untrained control participants had a negative outcome rather than the anticipated neutral or slightly positive outcome. Conclusions If the results of this small study are in any way representative of what happens in real life, communication partner training in aphasia becomes even more important than indicated from the positive results of training studies. That is, it is possible that mere exposure to a communication disability such as aphasia could have negative impacts on communication and social interaction. This may be akin to what is known as a “nocebo” effect—something for partner training studies in aphasia to take into account.

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Dash, Tanya, and Ana Inés Ansaldo. "Clinical Implications of Neurocognitive Control Deficits in Bilingual Adults With Aphasia." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 2 (January 2017): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig2.117.

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The purpose of the paper is to review the literature on the neurocognitive control in bilingual aphasia and extrapolate research findings into clinical guidelines. Neurocognitive control, as well as bilingualism, are multifaceted phenomena whose complex interaction is disrupted by stroke. Bilingualism is an added factor of complexity to aphasia assessment and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation specialists are more aware of the need to understand language and nonverbal cognitive abilities, for a better treatment outcome (Ansaldo, Saidi, Ruiz, 2010; Green, 2005; Helm-Estabrooks, 2002). Consequently, assessment and management of neurocognitive skills in bilingual aphasia are gradually gaining momentum. Applying principles from language-cognitive control interactions to the rehabilitation of bilingual populations with aphasia appears to be a valuable intervention strategy for this population.

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Hardin, Kathryn Y., and Gail Ramsberger. "Treatment of Attention To Improve Conversational Success in Aphasia." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 21, no. 2 (June 2011): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld21.2.72.

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Being able to successfully engage in conversation is an important skill for most adults. When an adult has aphasia, this skill is affected. Traditionally, speech-language pathologists try to increase language skills in people with aphasia in an effort to ultimately improve performance in functional activities such as conversation. However, conversation is a complex communication task that places demands not only on linguistic processing, but also on higher level cognitive processing. In this paper, we describe our initial efforts to improve conversational success in people with aphasia when training their attention on simple non-linguistic computer tasks.

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Laures-Gore, Jacqueline, Dalia Cahana-Amitay, and Tony W. Buchanan. "Diurnal Cortisol Dynamics, Perceived Stress, and Language Production in Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0276.

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Purpose The current study investigated diurnal cortisol dynamics in adults with and without aphasia, along with subjective reports of stress and measures of language production. Dysregulation of cortisol, a common biomarker of stress, is associated with cognitive dysfunction in different clinical populations. However, little is known about the consequences of stress-induced cortisol disturbances for stroke survivors, including those with aphasia. Method Nineteen participants with aphasia and 14 age-matched neurotypical adults were tested. Saliva samples were collected from participants to assess the cortisol awakening response, a marker of the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Participants also completed 2 subjective stress questionnaires. Language was evaluated using 3 short, picture description narratives, analyzed for discourse (dys)fluency and productivity markers. Results In contrast to neurotypical participants, adults with aphasia did not show the predictable cortisol awakening response. Participants with aphasia also showed an unusual heightened level of cortisol upon awakening. Additionally, neurotypical participants demonstrated an association between intact language performance and the cortisol awakening response, whereas the participants with aphasia did not, although they did perceive the language tasks as stressful. Conclusion This study indicates that the functionality of the HPA axis, as indexed by cortisol, contributes to optimal language performance in healthy adults. The absence of an awakening response among participants with aphasia suggests that stroke leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, although the degree to which this impairment affects language deficits in this population requires further investigation.

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Obler, Loraine K. "Studying Multilingualism and Group Differences in Adult Communication." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 17, no. 3 (October 2010): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds17.3.59.

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The focus of this article is on the study of bilingual and multilingual adults at the Howard Goodglass Aphasia Research Center and the Language in the Aging Brain Laboratory by Drs. Obler and Albert along with former students and colleagues. Summaries of studies examining research in healthy bilingual adults, healthy monolingual older adults, and monolingual and bilingual individuals with aphasia are presented.

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Gillespie, Stephanie, Jacqueline Laures-Gore, Elliot Moore, Matthew Farina, Scott Russell, and Benjamin Haaland. "Identification of Affective State Change in Adults With Aphasia Using Speech Acoustics." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0057.

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Purpose The current study aimed to identify objective acoustic measures related to affective state change in the speech of adults with post-stroke aphasia. Method The speech of 20 post-stroke adults with aphasia was recorded during picture description and administration of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (Kertesz, 2006). In addition, participants completed the Self-Assessment Manikin (Bradley & Lang, 1994) and the Stress Scale (Tobii Dynavox, 1981–2016) before and after the language tasks. Speech from each participant was used to detect a change in affective state test scores between the beginning and ending speech. Results Machine learning revealed moderate success in classifying depression, minimal success in predicting depression and stress numeric scores, and minimal success in classifying changes in affective state class between the beginning and ending speech. Conclusions The results suggest the existence of objectively measurable aspects of speech that may be used to identify changes in acute affect from adults with aphasia. This work is exploratory and hypothesis-generating; more work will be needed to make conclusive claims. Further work in this area could lead to automated tools to assist clinicians with their diagnoses of stress, depression, and other forms of affect in adults with aphasia.

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Legg, Carol, and Claire Penn. "The Relevance of Context in Understanding the Lived Experience of Aphasia: Lessons from South Africa." Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders 4, no. 1 (May 2014): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/gics4.1.4.

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Purpose: In this paper we describe a study of aphasia in a unique sociocultural context, to show the value of the anthropological perspective for the clinician faced with a diverse caseload. Methods: We present findings of an anthropological study of the experience of aphasia for adults living in Khayelitsha, a township on the outskirts of Cape Town, where the isiXhosa speaking residents live in conditions of poverty and where health and social resources are either lacking or in disarray (Legg, 2010). The study involved three years of intermittent fieldwork that included in-depth case studies of five adults living with aphasia in Khayelitsha and sustained contact with a number of healthcare and community institutions. Results: Interpretations and experiences of aphasia assumed a wider significance than communication disorder and were, essentially, a window onto the sociocultural and economic struggles that beset the lives of our participants. These struggles had profound influences on experiences of aphasia and responses to treatment. Conclusions: Understanding the unique contextual influences on experiences of aphasia will place the aphasia clinician in a more potent position to develop relevant interventions.

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BUTTA, Mirela. "Life quality assessment for adults with aphasia." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2015): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2015.1.1.08.

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Dekhtyar, Maria, Swathi Kiran, and Teresa Gray. "Is bilingualism protective for adults with aphasia?" Neuropsychologia 139 (March 2020): 107355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107355.

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Kwon, Yeong-Suk, Ji-Wan Ha, and Do-Ha Kwon. "Executive Attention Characteristics in Adults with Aphasia." Communication Sciences & Disorders 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.13015.

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Brown, Jessica A., Sarah E. Wallace, Kelly Knollman-Porter, and Karen Hux. "Comprehension of Single Versus Combined Modality Information by People With Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 1S (March 11, 2019): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0132.

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Purpose Every adult with aphasia displays a unique constellation of language comprehension skills and varies in the benefit derived from different content presentation formats. For many, multiple modality presentation enhances comprehension. This study's purpose was to determine the comprehension benefits for people with mild, moderate, and severe aphasia when hearing, reading, or simultaneously hearing and reading single sentences. Method Twenty-seven adults with aphasia performed a repeated-measures experiment across 3 conditions. Participants read and/or listened to sentence stimuli and selected from 4 images the 1 matching the sentence. Participants also indicated condition preference. Results Participants demonstrated significantly greatest accuracy during simultaneous written and auditory stimulus presentation. Performance patterns varied within aphasia severity groups. Individuals with mild and moderate aphasia demonstrated minimal performance differences across conditions, and people with severe aphasia were significantly more accurate in the combined modality than the written-only modality. Overall, participants required the longest response time in the written-only condition; however, participants were most efficient with auditory content. Condition preferences did not always mirror accuracy; however, the majority reported a preference for combined content presentation. Conclusions Results suggest some people with aphasia may benefit from combined auditory and written modalities to enhance comprehension efforts.

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Bourgeois-Marcotte, Josiane, Maximiliano A. Wilson, Martin Forest, and Laura Monetta. "TEFREP: Épreuve de répétition de phrases en franco-québécois. Développement, validation et normalisation." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 34, no. 3 (June 16, 2015): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980815000173.

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ABSTRACTSentence repetition is part of the assessment tasks used to better characterise aphasic patients’ oral production. Moreover, impaired sentence and phrase repetition is a core feature of the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. The aim of this study is to present the TEFREP (TEst Français de RÉpétition de Phrases), a French sentence repetition task that manipulates psycholinguistic variables known to affect the performance of aphasic patients. The final version of the TEFREP consists of 24 sentences in which length, semantic reversibility and type of sentence have been manipulated. The task shows good psychometric properties (validity and reliability). Norms according to age and education level have been developed from a sample of 80 healthy adults and older adults. In conclusion, the TEFREP fulfills the current need for a reliable assessment tool of sentence repetition in Canadian French-speaking populations and contributes to the differential diagnosis of language impairment.

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Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen, and Megan Gehman. "The Role of Processing Speed and Cognitive Control on Word Retrieval in Aging and Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 949–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00326.

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Purpose When speakers retrieve words, they do so extremely quickly and accurately—both speed and accuracy of word retrieval are compromised in persons with aphasia (PWA). This study examined the contribution of two domain-general mechanisms: processing speed and cognitive control on word retrieval in PWA. Method Three groups of participants, neurologically healthy young and older adults and PWA ( n = 15 in each group), performed processing speed, cognitive control, lexical decision, and word retrieval tasks on a computer. The relationship between word retrieval speed and other tasks was examined for each group. Results Both aging and aphasia resulted in slower processing speed but did not affect cognitive control. Word retrieval response time delays in PWA were eliminated when processing speed was accounted for. Word retrieval speed was predicted by individual differences in cognitive control in young and older adults and additionally by processing speed in older adults. In PWA, word retrieval speed was predicted by severity of language deficit and cognitive control. Conclusions This study shows that processing speed is compromised in aphasia and could account for their slowed response times. Individual differences in cognitive control predicted word retrieval speed in healthy adults and PWA. These findings highlight the need to include nonlinguistic cognitive mechanisms in future models of word retrieval in healthy adults and word retrieval deficits in aphasia.

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Fox, Lynn E. "Linguistic Interactions: A Therapeutic Consideration for Adults With Aphasia." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 17, no. 3 (September 2008): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac17.3.93.

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Abstract Linguistic interaction models suggest that interrelationships arise between structural language components and between structural and pragmatic components when language is used in social contexts. The linguist, David Crystal (1986, 1987), has proposed that these relationships are central, not peripheral, to achieving desired clinical outcomes. For individuals with severe communication challenges, erratic or unpredictable relationships between structural and pragmatic components can result in atypical patterns of interaction between them and members of their social communities, which may create a perception of disablement. This paper presents a case study of a woman with fluent, Wernicke's aphasia that illustrates how attention to patterns of linguistic interaction may enhance AAC intervention for adults with aphasia.

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Sitren, Amanda, and Sofia Vallila-Rohter. "How Well Do We Use Our Technology? Examining iPad Navigation Skills in Individuals With Aphasia and Older Adults." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 1523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-0004.

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Purpose Technology is increasingly being used in rehabilitation, yet exposure and comfort with technology varies across individuals, particularly among older adults. There are limited ways to evaluate comfort with technology or teach people how to use technological devices. The objective of the current study was to develop an iPad task battery and evaluate performance by individuals with aphasia and older adults, further examining whether participants could learn to improve performance with written, verbal, and visual instructions. Method Thirty-two participants completed this study (16 with poststroke aphasia and 16 older adult controls). Participants completed 3 phases of testing: (a) baseline evaluation of performance of an iPad task battery, (b) teaching and practice of unknown tasks, and (c) retention evaluation. Participants were scored on accuracy, speed, and efficiency in each phase. Results were evaluated as a function of demographic and cognitive–linguistic variables. Results Results demonstrate that variability arises in people's abilities to perform tasks on an iPad and that cognitive skills such as executive functions, planning, and visuospatial attention relate to baseline scores of performance. The majority of participants with aphasia showed evidence of retaining information learned in the teaching and practice phase; however, they showed a lower percentage of retained lessons relative to controls. Conclusions Findings support the hypothesis that technology abilities vary among individuals with and without aphasia. Evaluating technology ability and the ability to learn technology is an important component to consider when prescribing tablet-based therapies.

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Lee, Jaime B., Rosalind C. Kaye, and Leora R. Cherney. "Conversational script performance in adults with non‐fluent aphasia: Treatment intensity and aphasia severity." Aphasiology 23, no. 7-8 (July 2009): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030802669534.

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Wright, Heather Harris, Anthony Koutsoftas, Gerasimos Fergadiotis, and Gilson Capilouto. "Coherence in Stories told by Adults with Aphasia." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 6 (2010): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.08.056.

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Purdy, Mary, and Amy Koch. "Prediction of strategy usage by adults with aphasia." Aphasiology 20, no. 2-4 (February 2006): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030500475085.

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Petry, Margaret C., Bruce Crosson, Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi, Russell M. Bauer, and Charles A. Schauer. "Selective attention and aphasia in adults: Preliminary findings." Neuropsychologia 32, no. 11 (November 1994): 1397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(94)00072-7.

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Kambanaros, Maria, and Willem van Steenbrugge. "Lexical retrieval deficits in anomic aphasia and specific language impairment (SLI)." Linguistic Variation 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.13.2.05kam.

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Lexical retrieval of verbs and nouns was compared in two groups of impaired language users, children diagnosed with SLI and adults with acquired anomic aphasia, on two production tasks: picture confrontation naming and connected speech. Both children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia showed a more substantial lexical or naming deficit for verbs than for nouns. However, no specific verb retrieval deficit was observed in connected speech in either group. Furthermore, partial correlations between verb and noun naming and their type-token ratios in connected speech failed to find an association between verb/ noun retrieval in naming and in connected speech. The results suggest (1) that children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia show a specific verb deficit in naming, and (2) that the ability to predict lexical retrieval abilities for verbs (and nouns) in connected speech from naming performance is weak for both groups.

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Haley, Katarina L., and Thomas Wangerman. "Using Family Members or Close Friends as Informants About Participation Goals for Older Adults With and Without Aphasia." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 22, no. 1 (April 2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld22.1.12.

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Client-centered care is a stated focus for many rehabilitation programs, but personalized goal-setting presents unique challenges for people with aphasia (PWA). A potential solution for clinicians is to enlist the help of family members or close friends to determine what life activities should be addressed. In this article, we review two main reasons this solution is not ideal. First, we discuss how negative effects on autonomy and motivation may be instigated unintentionally. Next, we consider to what extent accurate input can be assumed by proxy responders. We conclude by reporting the results of a small study showing that congruence about activity choices among family members or friends not affected by aphasia is similar to previously reported congruence in families with a history of aphasia. These results suggest that ability to predict life activity preferences in others is limited, regardless of the presence of aphasia. We contend that although the input and participation of significant others is often critical to positive rehabilitation outcomes, the value of this input lies in its relationship to the priorities identified by the individual with aphasia, not in the potential for replacing it.

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Narotam, Heena, and Helen E. Sammons. "Exploring Experiences of Expressive Aphasia in Brain Injury Patients: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 7, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v7i2.622.

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Background: Aphasia affects 0.37% of South Africans. Expressive aphasic patients’ ability to react appropriately to the environment contributes to their hospital experience, and ultimately their mental health and recovery. The challenge of communication for these patients makes it important to anticipate their experiences. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore the patterns of patient experiences in relation to expressive aphasia following brain injuries in order to identify helpful recommendations for alternative communication and for promoting mental health and well-being.Methods: A qualitative case series study was completed with the participation of seven adults who had recovered from expressive aphasia. Participants had received their acute care at Worcester Provincial Hospital, South Africa and at the time of the study were able to communicate effectively concerning their experiences and perspectives. Interviews were transcribed and transcripts analysed by two independent researchers. A thematic analysis method, within a constructionist framework, and at a latent level, was applied.Results: Participants were generally satisfied with the services of health professionals. All participants described their families as being supportive. However, even though most participants had attempted to initiate alternative forms of communication, their families had not reciprocated this. Participants experienced sadness, frustration and anger following the onset of expressive aphasia. They reported gaining insight into the way their lives might change in the near future, such as their roles within the community, as well as into their experiences of introspection and self-reflection. Conclusions: Persons with new onset expressive aphasia during acute care at a large South African hospital experience negative emotions (such as feelings of frustration, entrapment and sadness) as well as inadequate responses to their desire to use alternative forms of communication. Anticipation of such negative experiences may substantially help communication. Formal training in this regard is recommended for health care professionals. Also, visitors to patients with expressive aphasia require basic instruction on the use of alternative communication.

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Hemsley, Bronwyn. "Adults with aphasia value their involvement in teaching nursing assistant students about aphasia and communication." Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention 6, no. 2 (June 2012): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2012.732376.

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Bislick, Lauren, and William D. Hula. "Perceptual Characteristics of Consonant Production in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 1411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0169.

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Purpose This retrospective analysis examined group differences in error rate across 4 contextual variables (clusters vs. singletons, syllable position, number of syllables, and articulatory phonetic features) in adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) and adults with aphasia only. Group differences in the distribution of error type across contextual variables were also examined. Method Ten individuals with acquired AOS and aphasia and 11 individuals with aphasia participated in this study. In the context of a 2-group experimental design, the influence of 4 contextual variables on error rate and error type distribution was examined via repetition of 29 multisyllabic words. Error rates were analyzed using Bayesian methods, whereas distribution of error type was examined via descriptive statistics. Results There were 4 findings of robust differences between the 2 groups. These differences were found for syllable position, number of syllables, manner of articulation, and voicing. Group differences were less robust for clusters versus singletons and place of articulation. Results of error type distribution show a high proportion of distortion and substitution errors in speakers with AOS and a high proportion of substitution and omission errors in speakers with aphasia. Conclusion Findings add to the continued effort to improve the understanding and assessment of AOS and aphasia. Several contextual variables more consistently influenced breakdown in participants with AOS compared to participants with aphasia and should be considered during the diagnostic process. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9701690

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Laures-Gore, Jacqueline S., Vonetta M. Dotson, and Samir Belagaje. "Depression in Poststroke Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 1798–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00040.

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Purpose The aim of this tutorial is to provide speech-language pathologists with foundational knowledge of poststroke depression comorbidly occurring with aphasia. Given the negative effect of depression on functional outcomes and mortality, it is crucial that speech-language pathologists possess this knowledge in order to better advocate for and treat their patients. Method and Results Three areas of complementary expertise (speech-language pathology, psychology, and neurology) collaborated on this tutorial to address the following areas: (a) provide terminology associated with depression and related mood disorders, (b) describe the potential underlying pathophysiology of depression in the general population, (c) provide an overview of our existing understanding of comorbid poststroke depression and aphasia, and (d) summarize current assessment methods and interventions for poststroke depression in adults with aphasia. Conclusion Given the compounding impact aphasia and depression have on rehabilitation outcomes, it is imperative that speech-language pathologists understand terminology, assessment, and treatment practices for depression.

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Hux, Karen, Jessica A. Brown, Sarah Wallace, Kelly Knollman-Porter, Anna Saylor, and Erica Lapp. "Effect of Text-to-Speech Rate on Reading Comprehension by Adults With Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00047.

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Purpose Accessing auditory and written material simultaneously benefits people with aphasia; however, the extent of benefit as well as people's preferences and experiences may vary given different auditory presentation rates. This study's purpose was to determine how 3 text-to-speech rates affect comprehension when adults with aphasia access newspaper articles through combined modalities. Secondary aims included exploring time spent reviewing written texts after speech output cessation, rate preference, preference consistency, and participant rationales for preferences. Method Twenty-five adults with aphasia read and listened to passages presented at slow (113 words per minute [wpm]), medium (154 wpm), and fast (200 wpm) rates. Participants answered comprehension questions, selected most and least preferred rates following the 1st and 3rd experimental sessions and after receiving performance feedback, and explained rate preferences and reading and listening strategies. Results Comprehension accuracy did not vary significantly across presentation rates, but reviewing time after cessation of auditory content did. Visual data inspection revealed that, in particular, participants with substantial extra reviewing time took longer given fast than medium or slow presentation. Regardless of exposure amount or receipt of performance feedback, participants most preferred the medium rate and least preferred the fast rate; rationales centered on reading and listening synchronization, benefits to comprehension, and perceived normality of speaking rate. Conclusion As a group, people with aphasia most preferred and were most efficient given a text-to-speech rate around 150 wpm when processing dual modality content; individual differences existed, however, and mandate attention to personal preferences and processing strengths.

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Kim, Mi Kyoung, and So Young Choi. "Characteristics of Homonym Processing in Adults with Anomic Aphasia." Journal of Special Education 36, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31863/jse.2020.08.36.2.67.

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Hinckley, Jacqueline J. "Vocational and social outcomes of adults with chronic aphasia." Journal of Communication Disorders 35, no. 6 (November 2002): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9924(02)00119-3.

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Wright, Heather Harris, and Marilyn Newhoff. "Inference revision processing in adults with and without aphasia." Brain and Language 89, no. 3 (June 2004): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00469-3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Adults with aphasia'

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