Journal articles: 'Advanced high strength steel'

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Zhi, Chao, Yi Fei Gong, Ai Min Zhao, Jian Guo He, and Ran Ding. "Wear Resistance Research of Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.197.

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The wear performance and wear mechanism under two-body abrasion of five advanced high strength steels, i.e. Nanobainite (NB) steel, Tempered Martensitic (TM) steel, Dual Phase (DP) steel, Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Steel and Twining Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel were studied. By using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we investigated the wearing surface. Phase transformation strengthening behavior was also be discussed by analyzing the surface and sub-surface after abrasion. The results showed that micro-cutting was the major role of wear mode in the condition of two-body abrasion. In the circumstance of two-body abrasion, hardness was an important factor, the property of wear resistance enhanced while the hardness increased except for TM steel. NB steel possessed the best wear resistance which was 1.71 times higher than that of TWIP steel. The retained austenite transformed into martensite which can improve the hardness so that it enhanced the wear resistance of NB steel.

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Zhang, Mei, Jun Zhang, Yu Xiang Ning, Tao Wang, and Zi Wan. "Springback Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) CP800." Advanced Materials Research 820 (September 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.820.45.

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800MPa grade Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS), Complex Phase steel CP800, containing microalloying elements, are chosen to test the stamping properties in different test conditions and compared with traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels HSLA S700MC. Tensile test, and HAT shape stamping test are taken to investigate the properties of the materials. Test results indicate that the studied 800MPa grade AHSS shows a better strength ductility balance compared with the reference HSLA steels. Under the same HAT shape springback stamping condition, HSLA steels S700MC always show the largest springback deformation among the investigated steels. While springback angles of all the AHSS studied are markedly smaller than that of steel S700MC. Among the 3 kinds of AHSS researched, CP800T always show the largest springback deformation. Domestic steel CP800 and imported CP800S show much smaller springback deformation respectively. In BHF of 100KN condition, springback deformation of 3 kinds of AHSS reaches the top value among all the BHF conditions. However, steel CP800 indicates an outstanding springback restrain trend in blank holding force (BHF) further increasing attempt. Thus, springback behavior can be restricted obviously by using a larger blank holding force (BHF) in steel CP800 stamping cases.

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Galán, J., L. Samek, P. Verleysen, K. Verbeken, and Y. Houbaert. "Advanced high strength steels for automotive industry." Revista de Metalurgia 48, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1158.

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Zhang, Mei, Yu Xiang Ning, Jun Zhang, Zi Wan, and Tao Wang. "Forming Performance of 800MPa Grade Advanced High Strength Steels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.173.

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800MPa grade Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS), including Complex Phase steel CP800 and Ferrite-Bainite steel FB800, were chosen to test the forming performance in different test conditions and compared with the reference traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels HR700LA. Tensile test, hole expansion (HE) test, and HAT shape stamping test were taken to investigate the forming performance of the materials. Test results indicated that the studied 800MPa grade AHSS showed a better strength ductility balance compared with the reference steel. Among all the steels researched, FB800 showed the best hole expansion ratio (HER), and CP800 the worst. Springback angles of AHSS after HAT shape stamping tests were markedly smaller than those of HR700LA steels, though the springback angles of HR700LA decreased continuously with blank holding force (BHF) increasing. Steel FB800, CP800S and CP800B had much better shape stability compared with steels HR700LA. AHSS showed much smaller springback behavior under the same stamping condition, especially for steels CP800-B, FB800-2 and FB800-1. When increasing the BHF to 100KN, AHSS showed the largest springback deformation. Among the three kinds of CP800 steels researched, steel CP800-B indicated outstanding springback restrain trend in BHF further increasing attempt. So, springback behavior could be restricted obviously by using a larger BHF in AHSS CP800B forming operations.

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Gui, Long Ming, Xiao Chun Jin, Hong Tao Li, and Mei Zhang. "High Cycle Fatigue Performances of Advanced High Strength Steel CP800." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.238.

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A low carbon content and improved steel making practices have imparted advanced high strength steel (AHSS) CP800 with superior combination of strength, ductility and weldability. Its performance in fatigue, however, is not well understood. Stress-controlled high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests were conducted to obtain stress vs. fatigue life curve (S-N curve), and the fatigue limit of CP800. The follow HCF performances were obtained. , SRI1=1940MPa, b=-0.09972, Nc1=2.89×106, and R2= 0.88. The collected material data are used as a basis of comparison of CP800 with more common grades of structural steel. CP800 steel shows high strength, comparable ductility, and high fatigue limit level. The test results indicate that compare to that of lower strength common grades of structural steels, CP800 steel has a much higher fatigue endurance limit (say, 476MPa), about 0.6 of its tensile strength (TS). Thus, provides a distinct advantage.

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Lucaci, Mariana, Magdalena Lungu, Eugeniu Vasile, Virgil Marinescu, Dorinel Talpeanu, Gabriela Sbarcea, Nicolae Stancu, et al. "Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) Alloys." Journal of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences 1, no. 1 (August 15, 2017): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14510/araj.2017.4122.

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Janssen, M. H. E., M. J. M. Hermans, M. Janssen, and I. M. Richardson. "Fatigue Performance of Laser Brazes in Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3254.

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Advance high strength steels (AHSS), like dual phase (DP) and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, offer high strength and toughness combined with excellent uniform elongation. However, the higher alloying content of these steels limit their weldability and the thermal cycle of welding processes destroys the carefully designed microstructure. This will result in inferior mechanical properties of the joint. Therefore, joining processes with a low heat input, like brazing, are recommendable. Data regarding mechanical properties of joints in DP and TRIP steel is limited, especially for brazed joints. Results with respect to the fatigue lifetime of laser brazed butt joints are presented. In DP and TRIP steel, crack initiation takes place at the braze toe. In DP steel the crack propagates through the base metal. In TRIP steel, however, the crack may either follow the interface or may continue through the steel depending on the maximum stress level. The different failure mechanisms are explained on the basis of process conditions, the microstructure and the stress state.

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Kalácska, Eszter, Kornél Májlinger, Enikő Réka Fábián, and Pasquale Russo Spena. "MIG-Welding of Dissimilar Advanced High Strength Steel Sheets." Materials Science Forum 885 (February 2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.885.80.

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The need for steel materials with increasing strength is constantly growing. The main application of such advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is the automobile industry, therefore the welding process of different types of AHSSs in dissimilar welding joint was investigated. To simulate the mass production of thin steel sheet constructions (such as car bodies) automated metal inert gas (MIG) welding process was used to weld the TWIP (twinning induced plasticity) and TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel sheets together. The welding parameters were successfully optimized for butt welded joints. The joints were investigated by visual examination, tensile testing, quantitative metallography and hardness measurements. The TRIP steel side of the joints showed increased microhardness up to (450-500 HV0.1) through increased fraction of bainite and martensite. Macroscopically the tensile specimen showed ductile behaviour, they broke in the austenitic weld material.

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Bhattacharya, Debanshu. "Niobium Containing Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive Applications – Processing, Microstructure, and Properties." Materials Science Forum 773-774 (November 2013): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.773-774.325.

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Two major drivers for the use of advanced steels in the automotive industry are fuel efficiency and increased safety performance. Fuel efficiency is mainly a function of weight of steel parts, which in turn, is controlled by gauge and design. Safety is determined by the energy absorbing capacity of the steel used to make the part. All of these factors are incentives for the automobile manufacturers to use Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) to replace the conventional steels used to manufacture automotive parts in the past. AHSS is a general term used to describe various families of steels. The most common AHSS is the dual-phase steel that consists of a ferrite-martensite microstructure. These steels are characterized by high strength, good ductility, low tensile to yield strength ratio and high bake-hardenability. Another class of AHSS is the complex-phase or multi-phase steel which has a complex microstructure consisting of various phase constituents and a high yield to tensile strength ratio. Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels is another class of AHSS steels finding interest among the U.S. automakers. These steels consist of a ferrite-bainite microstructure with significant amount of retained austenite phase and show the highest combination of strength and elongation, so far, among the AHSS in use. High level of energy absorbing capacity combined with a sustained level of high n value up to the limit of uniform elongation as well as high bake hardenability make these steels particularly attractive for safety critical parts and parts needing complex forming. A relatively new class of AHSS is the Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steels. These steels seem to offer higher ductility than the dual-phase steels of similar strengths or similar ductility as the TRIP steels at higher strengths. Finally, martensitic steels with very high strengths are also in use for certain parts. The most recent initiative in the area of AHSS is the so-called 3rd Generation AHSS. These steels are designed to fill the region between the dual-phase/TRIP and the Twin Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels with very high ductility at strength levels comparable to the conventional AHSS. Enhanced Q&P steels may be one method to achieve this target. Other ideas include TRIP assisted dual phase steels, high manganese steels and higher carbon TRIP type steels. In this paper, some of the above families of advanced high strength steels for the automotive industry will be discussed with particular emphasis on the role of niobium.

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Zhang, Mei, Qing Shan Li, Chao Bin Huang, Ru Yi Wu, Ren Yu Fu, Lin Li, and Ping Fang. "Weldability of Ti-Microalloyed Advanced High Strength Steel CP 800." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2899.

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Complex phase steel CP 800, a kind of advanced high strength steel (AHSS), exhibited quite high carbon equivalent (CE) which was a detrimental factor for weldability of steels. Thus the weldability of CP 800 steels containing (in wt%) 0.06C-0.45Si-1.71Mn-0.11Ti was extensively studied. Mechanical properties and impact toughness of butt joint, the welding crack susceptibility of weld and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) for tee joint, Control Thermal Severity (CTS) welded joint, and 60°Y-groove butt joint were inspected after gas shielded arc welding tests. The impact toughness was larger than 27J either at room temperature (RT) or at -20°C, indicating good impact toughness of the weld of the steel. In addition, welding crack susceptibility tests revealed that the weldments were free of surface crack and other imperfection, showed fairly good weldability. In application, the longitudinal control arm of automobile made of this steel exhibited excellent fatigue and durability performance.

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Timokhina, Ilana B., Peter D. Hodgson, Simon P. Ringer, Rong Kun Zheng, and Elena V. Pereloma. "Characterization of Nano-Scale Particles in Hot-Rolled, High Strength Low Alloy Steels (HSLA)." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2083.

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The contribution of nano-scale particles observed using Atom Probe Tomography in an increase of yield strength of conventional and advanced HSLA steels was studied. The advanced HSLA steel showed higher yield strength than conventional HSLA steel. There were two types of carbides, which primarily contribute to an increase in yield strength of conventional HSLA steel: (i) coarse TiC with average size of 25±5nm and (ii) fine TiC with average radius of 3±1.2nm. The presence of two types of carbides was found in the microstructure of advanced HSLA steel: (i) nano-scale Ti0.98Mo0.02C0.6 carbides with average radius of 2.2±0.5nm, and (ii) C19Cr7Mo24 particles with an average radius of 1.5±0.3nm. The contribution of precipitation hardening in the yield strength of advanced HSLA steel due to the nano-scale particles was 174MPa, while this value in the conventional HSLA steel was 128MPa.

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Tisza, Miklós. "Development of Advanced High Strength Automotive Steels." Acta Materialia Transylvanica 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2021-01-02.

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Abstract In recent decades, the automotive industry has faced ever-increasing demands. Increasing requirements can be observed in terms of both consumer expectations and legal requirements. On the consumer side, there is a demand for cars that are as economical as possible with lower fuel consumption, but providing also greater comfort and safety. These requirements are accompanied, from a legal point of view by more rigorous environmental regulations and requirements concerning the reduction of harmful emissions. Meeting these often-contradictory requirements is a growing challenge for car manufacturers and raw material suppliers, as well. Meeting the requirements in the most versatile way has resulted in tremendous progress over the last 40–50 years, both in the automotive industry and in the production and development of raw materials. The first part of this series of papers summarizes the main requirements in the automotive industry, as the main driving forces for material developments. Furthermore, the main types and properties of traditional high-strength steels, as well as the so-called first-generation Advanced High-Strength Steels will be introduced. In the second part, the main types and manufacturing processes of second generation advanced high-strength steels will be analyzed and some of the current steel developments will be presented through the results of the three generations of Advanced High-Strength Steels.

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Kwon, Ohjoon, Kyoo Young Lee, Gyo Sung Kim, and Kwang Geun Chin. "New Trends in Advanced High Strength Steel Developments for Automotive Application." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.136.

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The body design with light weight and enhanced safety is a key issue in the car industry. Corresponding to this trend, POSCO is developing various automotive steel products with advanced performance. Conventional advanced high strength steels such as DP and TRIP steels are now expanding their application since the steels exhibit higher strength and ductility than those of conventional solution and precipitation strengthened high strength steels. Efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical performance of these steels such as ductility, hole expansion ratio, deep drawability, etc. Current research is focused on development of extra- and ultra-AHSS. Extra-AHSS are designed to utilize nano-scale retained austenite embedded in fine bainite and martensite. Ultra-AHSS are designed to have austenite as the major phase, and the ductility is enhanced primarily by continuous strain hardening generated during forming. These steels including extra- and ultra-AHSS are believed to be the next generation automotive steels which will replace the existing high strength steels due to their extremely high strength and ductility combinations.

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Jiang, Ying Hua, Jian Zhou, Can Fu, and Xue Bai. "Zn-Assisted Liquid Metal Embrittlement of 980MPa Grade Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 953 (May 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.953.3.

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Recently, the weight reduction of automotive body and crash safety become much more important factors. In addition, the corrosion resistance must be ensured for any material used in a structural part of automotive components. In an effort to satisfy these requirements, zinc-coated high strength steels have been developed. However, challenges to resistance spot weldability of zinc-coated high strength steel such as liquid metal embrittlement (LME) have emerged. In this study, the high temperature tensile test was conducted for 980MPa DP steel. And resistance spot welding was conducted for 980MPa DP steel and CP steel. The results show that the fracture behavior during tensile test are influenced by the temperature and strain rate. Cracks were formed on the weld surface of the DP steel after welding.

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Chen, Shang Ping, Richard Mostert, and Maxim Aarnts. "Microstructure Evolution in an Advanced High Strength Steel under Continuous Cooling." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.332.

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The present work was undertaken to understand the phase transformation behaviour in a third generation steel 0.22C-2.1Mn-1.0Si during continuous cooling. The microstructure at various cooling rates were examined by using different techniques, such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dilatation test and X-ray measurement. The results show that the amount of bainite that forms during continuous cooling is limited and there is a bainitic transformation stop temperature for this kind of steels. A continuous cooling transformation diagram of the steel is established.

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Kaščák, Ľuboš, and Emil Spišák. "Effect of Welding Parameters on the Quality of Spot Welds Combining AHSS Steel and HSLA Steel." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.162.

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The resistance spot welding of dissimilar materials is generally more challenging than that of similar materials due to differences in the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the base metals. Advanced high strength steels and high strength low alloy steels are utilized in automotive industry to reduce weight of the vehicle body and consequently lowering the fuel consumption to achieve the lowest possible fuel consumption, high active and passive safety of passengers while decreasing the amount of emission. The influence of the primary welding parameters, especially welding current, microhardness and tensile shear load bearing capacity of dissimilar welds between TRIP 40/70 as an Advanced High Strength Steel and H220PD as a High-Strength Low-Alloy steel has been investigated in this paper.

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Ramírez-Ramírez, J. H., F. A. Pérez-González, O. J. Zapata-Hernández, J. L. Gutiérrez-Platas, L. E. Hernández, M. A. Quiñones, N. F. Garza-Montes-de-Oca, and R. Colás. "Failure analysis of an advanced high-strength steel." Engineering Failure Analysis 131 (January 2022): 105893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105893.

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Gong, Peng, Andrej Turk, John Nutter, Feng Yu, Bradley Wynne, Pedro Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, and W. Mark Rainforth. "Hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms in advanced high strength steel." Acta Materialia 223 (January 2022): 117488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117488.

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Ke, Jun Yi, Yu Qi Liu, Gui Li, and Ting Du. "Springback Experimental Research of Advanced High-Strength Steel." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.284.

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Springback is one of the major problems of high strength steel.Based on the NUMISHEET’96 S_Rail standard examination questions,using the characteristics of the servo press 200T,the blank holder force,different pressure holding time and the holding times of advanced high strength steel DP280-440, DP340-590, DP400-780 are studied. By changing one of the three impact factors ,three group experiments are carried out.The experimental results show that the springback can change evidently with the increasing of the blank holder force and the holding times,but the holding time has little influence on the springback.What’s more,the springback angle of DP400-780 is the biggest ,proving the higher the yield stress,the bigger the springback angle.Therefore, in the stamping of advanced high strength steel, increasing the blank holder force and holding times are effective methods to solve the springback.

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de Abreu Martins, Silvana, Charles de Abreu Martins, Nina Fonstein, and Leonardo Barbosa Godefroid. "Study and Development of Advanced High Strength Steel to Automotive Industry Applications." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.625.

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Steel is the main material used in the automotive industry, mainly due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, with the development of new materials and technologies in recent decades, there is a demand to improve steel competitiveness to face the market of materials and achieve improvements in quality and performance of cars. In this work it was produced on pilot scale C-Mn-V steels with Cr or Mo addition. The main objective was to evaluate the effects of Cr or Mo addition on microstructure and mechanical properties. These steels were submitted to tensile, bending and hole expansion tests, while microstructure was analyzed using OM and SEM. It could be seen that addition of Cr or Mo resulted in improvements on mechanical properties. However, C-Mn-V steel with Mo performed better, showing excellent behavior in tensile and bending tests, increasing around 30% of mechanical resistance.

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Merklein, Marion, and Markus Kaupper. "Manufacturing of Innovative Car Seat Components by Forming of Advanced High Strength Steels – Fundamental Research and Application." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.3.

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Nowadays advanced high strength steel sheets and related forming technologies play an important role in lightweight construction in the transportation sector. Since especially car seat components are subject to very strict safety demands, the application of these modern steel grades, which provide enhanced strength levels, seems to be a promising strategy to meet the challenge of reducing the sheet metal thickness while maintaining the crash energy absorption capacity. Concerning the high required level of part complexity and accuracy both the reduced formability and the increased springback tendency of advanced high strength steels are challenges for forming technologies compared to conventional steel grades. Against this background the forming potentials of advanced high strength steels are investigated and are made accessible for an application in structural car seat components. The analysis is to be done both experimentally and numerically, focusing on the finite element method (FEM) regarding a reliable process design.

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El-Sherbiny, Ahmed, Ahmed Y. Shash, Mohamed Kamal El-Fawkhry, Tarek M. El-Hossainy, and Taha Mattar. "Studying the Effect of Manganese Content on TRIP Advanced High Strength Steel." Materials Science Forum 950 (April 2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.950.50.

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TRIP effect containing steel was well reputed by its high mechanical properties among the 1st generation of Advanced High Strength Steel. High Silicon content was well established as an inhibitor for cementite precipitation at para-equilibrium condition. However, the effect of manganese as a powerful stabilizer for retained austenite was not much studied in TRIP-Steel. Thereby, the effect of high manganese content on the TRIP containing steel is studied in this research. As been observed from OM, and XRD results, it was found that as long as increasing Manganese content, the fraction of retained austenite increases. No doubt that enrichment of retained austenite throughout the matrix, beers a great impact on the plastic deformation character of the investigated steels, which was proved by using a uniaxial tensile test and determining the strain hardening exponent.

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Asgari, S. A., Peter D. Hodgson, Vincent Lemiale, C. Yang, and Bernard F. Rolfe. "Multiscale Particle-In-Cell Modelling for Advanced High Strength Steels." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.285.

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Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) offer outstanding characteristics for efficient and economic use of steel. The unique features of AHSS are direct result of careful heat treatment that creates martensite in the steel microstructure. Martensite and carbon content in the microstructure greatly affects the mechanical properties of AHSS, underlining more importance on microstructural discontinuities and their multiphase characteristics. In this paper, we present the Multiscale Particle-In-Cell (MPIC) method for microstructural modelling of AHSS. A specific particle method [1] usually used in fluid mechanics is adapted and implemented in a parallel multiscale framework. This multiscale method is based on homogenisation theories; with Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method in both micro and macroscale, and offers several advantages in comparison to finite element (FE) based formulation. Application of this method to a benchmark uniaxial tension test is presented and compared with conventional FE solutions.

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Jirková, Hana, Kateřina Opatová, Josef Káňa, Dagmar Bublíková, and Martin Bystrianský. "Integration of Press-Hardening Technology into Processing of Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.317.

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Development of high strength or even ultra-high strength steels is mainly driven by the automotive industry which strives to reduce the weight of individual parts, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. Another important factor is the passenger safety which will improve by the use of these materials. In order to achieve the required mechanical properties, it is necessary to use suitable heat treatment in addition to an appropriate alloying strategy. The main problem of these treatments is the isothermal holding time. These holding times are technologically demanding which is why industry seeks new possibilities to integrate new processing methods directly into the production process. One option for making high-strength sheet metals is press-hardening which delivers high dimensional accuracy and a small spring-back effect. In order to test the use of AHSS steels for this technology, a material-technological modelling was chosen. Material-technological models based on data obtained directly from a real press-hardening process were examined on two experimental steels, CMnSi TRIP and 42SiCr. Variants with isothermal holding and continuous cooling profiles were tested. It was found that by integrating the Q&P process (quenching and partitioning) into press hardening, the 42SiCr steel can develop strengths of over 1800 MPa with a total elongation of about 10%. The CMnSi TRIP steel with lower carbon content and without chromium achieved a tensile strength of 1160 MPa with a total elongation of 10%.

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Srivastava, Ashok Kumar, and Pradip K. Patra. "Pulse spray gas metal arc welding of advanced high strength S650MC automotive steel." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 27, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/682.

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With an increasing demand for safer and greener vehicles, mild steel and high strength steel are being replaced by much stronger advanced high strength steels of thinner gauges. However, the welding process of advanced high strength steels is not developed at the same pace. The performance of these welded automotive structural components depends largely on the external and internal quality of weldment. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one of the most common methods used in the automotive industry to join car body parts of dissimilar high strength steels. It is also recognized for its versatility and speed. In this work, after a review of GMAW process and issues in welding of advanced high strength steels, a welding experiment is carried out with varying heat input by using spray and pulse-spray transfer GMAW method with filler wires of three different strength levels. The experiment results, including macro-microstructure, mechanical properties, and microhardness of weld samples, are investigated in detail. Very good weldability of S650MC is demonstrated through the weld joint efficiency > 90%; no crack in bending of weld joints, or fracture of tensile test sample within weld joint or heat affected zone (HAZ), or softening of the HAZ. Pulse spray is superior because of thinner HAZ width and finer microstructure on account of lower heat input. The impact of filler wire strength on weldability is insignificant. However, high strength filler wire (ER100SG) may be chosen as per standard welding practice of matching strength.

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Xia, Yu, and Hannah B. Blum. "Subzero Material Properties of Advanced High-Strength Cold-Formed Steel Alloys." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020399.

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The overall temperature in high latitude regions has been rapidly increasing in recent years, creating a demand for infrastructure to support increasing human activities. Recent advances in material science have resulted in the development of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), which are new grades of cold-formed steel (CFS) with unprecedented strength. To design safe infrastructure, the material properties of AHSS under subzero temperatures must be quantified. An experimental investigation following the steady-state test protocol was carried out to quantify the subzero temperature effects on the material properties of AHSS and conventional CFS sheets with yield strengths ranging from 395 MPa to 1200 MPa. Two types of AHSS (dual phase and martensitic) and two types of conventional CFS (mild and high-strength low-alloy) were investigated at temperatures down to −60 ∘C. The stress–strain relationship, elastic modulus, and key stresses and strains were reported from the experiments. The results show that AHSS’s material properties do not degrade but are mildly strengthened at subzero temperatures than at ambient, which indicates that AHSS is a suitable construction material for structural members in high-latitude regions. Furthermore, modeling on stress–strain relationships of AHSS and conventional CFS at subzero temperatures was developed, demonstrating excellent fits with the experiment data.

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Palmieri, Maria Emanuela, Francesco Rocco Galetta, and Luigi Tricarico. "Study of Tailored Hot Stamping Process on Advanced High-Strength Steels." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6010011.

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Ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) combined with tailor-stamping technologies are increasingly being adopted in automotive body production due to crashworthiness improvements and part weight reduction, which meet safety and energy saving demands. Recently, USIBOR®2000 (37MnB5) steel has been added to the family of UHSS. This new material allows higher performance with respect to its predecessor USIBOR®1500 (22MnB5). In this work, the two steels are compared for the manufacturing of an automotive B-Pillar by press-hardening with a tailored tool tempering approach. A Finite Element (FE) model has been developed for the numerical simulation of thermomechanical cycles of the press-hardening process. The FE-simulations have been performed with the aim of obtaining soft zones in the part, by varying the quenching time and the temperature of heated tools. The effects of these parameters on the mechanical properties of the part have been experimentally evaluated thanks to hardness and tensile tests performed on specimens subjected to the numerical thermo-mechanical cycles using the Geeble-3180 physical simulator. The results show that for both UHSS, an increase in quenching time leads to a decrease in hardness up to a threshold value, which is lower for the USIBOR®1500. Moreover, higher mechanical resistance and lower elongation at break values are derived for the USIBOR®2000 steel than for USIBOR®1500 steel.

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Schaupp, Thomas, Dirk Schröpfer, Arne Kromm, and Thomas Kannengiesser. "Welding Residual Stress Distribution of Quenched and Tempered and Thermo-Mechanically Hot Rolled High Strength Steels." Advanced Materials Research 996 (August 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.457.

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Beside quenched and tempered (QT) high strength steels advanced technologies in steel manufacturing provide steels produced by the thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) with yield strength of 960 MPa. These steels differ in the carbon and micro-alloying element content. With variation of heat control TIG-welded dummy seams on both steel types were performed. Analyses concerning microstructure and residual stress evolution due to welding showed typical stress distributions according to common concepts. Yet, the TMCP-steel shows higher residual stresses than the QT-steel.

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Raid Fekhreddine, Meknassi, and Miklós Tisza. "Third generation of advanced high strength sheet steels for the automotive sector : A literature review." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 4 (2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.4.28.

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The modern vehicles demand a better fuel economy, decrease in ozone harming substance outflows, and superior safety requirements led to new developments of steel grades with higher strength and good formability. Third generation of advanced high strength steels are the next stage for the automotive companies in steel sheets development. The principal concept of third generation of AHSS is to reap the mechanical properties benefits from first and second generation of AHSS at cost neither too high nor too low. This literature review summarizes the results achieved in a previous paper of the Third Generation of Advanced High Strength Sheet steels literature published by D. Krizan et al. Where we intend to focus on, the recent developments and future trends of the third generation of advanced high strength sheet steels (3-GEN AHSSs) including quenching and partitioning (Q&P), TRIP bainitic ferrite (TBF), medium manganese, density reduced TRIP (δ-TRIP) and nano steels for the modern automotive industry, with emphasis on their main characteristics, processing, and applications.

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Lu, Qi, Wei Xu, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "A Material Genomic Design of Advanced High Performance, Non-Corroding Steels for Ambient and High Temperature Applications." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1201.

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This work presents an artificial intelligence based design of a series of novel advanced high performance steels for ambient and high temperature applications, following the principle of the materials genome initiative, using an integrated thermodynamics/kinetics based model in combination with a genetic algorithm optimization routine. Novel steel compositions and associated key heat treatment parameters are designed both for applications at the room temperature (ultra-high strength maraging stainless steel) and at high temperatures (ferritic, martensitic and austenitic creep resistant steels). The strength of existing high end alloys of aforementioned four types are calculated according to the corresponding design criteria. The model validation studies suggest that the newly designed alloys have great potential in outperforming existing grades.

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DeArdo, Anthony J., J. E. Garcia, Ming Jian Hua, and C. Isaac Garcia. "A New Frontier in Microalloying: Advanced High Strength, Coated Sheet Steels." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.27.

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TRIP steels containing Mn, Si, Al, Mo, and Nb have been examined using a laboratory simulation of a continuous hot dipped galvanizing line. The evolution of microstructure has been studied as the steel passes through the various stages of CG line processing. Tensile strengths approaching 800 MPa and ductilities approaching 30% have been achieved in the 1.5Mn-0.5Si- 1.0Al-0.015Mo-0.03Nb system.

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Mihaliková, Mária, Kristína Zgodavová, Peter Bober, and Andrea Sütőová. "Prediction of Bake Hardening Behavior of Selected Advanced High Strength Automotive Steels and Hailstone Failure Discussion." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9091016.

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The purpose of the present study is three-fold. Firstly, it attempts to describe the bake hardening (BH) behavior of selected interstitial free (IF) and dual phase (DP) steels. Secondly, it predicts the BH behavior of the IF DX 51D and DP 500 HCT 590X plates of steel, and thirdly studies material failure prevention in scholarly sources. The research is aimed at investigating the increasing steel strength during the BH of these two high-strength sheets of steel used for outer vehicle body parts. Samples of steel were pre-strained to 1%, 2%, and 5% and then baked at 140–220 °C for 10 to 30 min. The BH effect was determined from three factors: pre-strain, baking temperature, and baking time. Research has shown that increasing the yield strength by the BH effect is predictable. Therefore, the number of experiments could be reduced for the investigation of BH effect for other kinds of IF and DP steels. The literature study of the hailstone failure reveals that the knowledge of BH steels behavior helps to calculate the steel supplier´s failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) risk priority number.

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Penha, Renata Neves, and Yago Francisco Soares Marins. "Quenching and partitioning heat treatment: the third generation of advanced high-strength steel." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 10 (August 3, 2022): e346111031903. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.31903.

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This manuscript aims to present an overview of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment usually applied to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and duplex steels (DP). TRIP and DP are the first generations of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). AHSSs present multiphase microstructures that ensure an advantageous combination of strength and ductility. The Q&P heat treatment process aims to obtain a mixed microstructure with martensite and retained austenite and improve the relation strength/ductility of common AHSS. The retained austenite of Q&P steels is rich in carbon and stable at room temperature. The heat treatment process implicates quenching the steel between the martensite-start (Ms) and martensite-finish (Mf) temperatures, followed by partitioning. Partitioning is an isothermal heat treatment that occurs above the Ms temperature. A diffusion process enriches the remaining austenite with carbon that migrates from martensite. The stability of retained austenite at room temperature improves the mechanical performance of steel, once it increases the material’s toughness and elongation. The optimal control of microstructure originates the third generation of AHSS and enables to reduce of weight and improved mechanical response of automotive parts made of the TRIP and DP steels.

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Singh, Nilamber Kumar, Ezio Cadoni, Maloy K. Singha, and Narinder K. Gupta. "Mechanical Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel at High Strain Rates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.178.

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This paper presents the mechanical behavior of advanced high strength steel, Dual Phase 1200 steel (DP1200) at high strain rates (250s-1- 750s-1) under tensile loading. The mechanical behavior of materials depends on the loading rates. The accurate knowledge of the mechanical behavior of materials at high strain rates is essential in order to improve the safety against crash, impacts and blast loads. High strain rate experiments are performed on modified Hopkinson bar (MHB) apparatus; however, some quasi-static (0.001s-1) tests are also conducted on electromechanical universal testing machine at tensile loads. Based on the experimental results, the material parameters of the existing Cowper-Symonds and Johnson-Cook models are determined. These models fit the experimental data well and hence can be recommended for the numerical simulation of the problems involving this material at high strain rates.

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Stern, I. L., M. Wheatcroft, and D. Y. Ku. "Higher-Strength Steels Specially Processed for High Heat Input Welding." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 04 (November 1, 1985): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.4.222.

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ABS Grade EH36 steel plates, specially formulated and produced with advanced metallurgical techniques, are shown to have a significantly greater resistance to weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) degradation that conventional EH36 steel. Welds made in these steels with the electroslag welding process at high heat input rates retained adequate toughness in the heat-affected zone at --4°F (-20°C); similar welds in conventional EH36 steel plate exhibit excessive HAZ toughness loss. This effect was confirmed on the basis of small-scale Charpy V-notch and large-scale explosion bulge testing. In view of their superior resistance to HAZ degradation, the steels should also be useful for applications where HAZ degradation is of particular concern, such as for American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), U.S. Coast Guard, and International Maritime Organization (IMO) weld requirements for liquefied gas carriers.

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Shakerifard, B., J. Galan Lopez, F. Hisker, and L. A. I. Kestens. "Crystallographically resolved damage initiation in advanced high strength steel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 375 (June 2018): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/375/1/012022.

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Baluch, N., Z. M. Udin, and C. S. Abdullah. "Advanced High Strength Steel in Auto Industry: an Overview." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 4, no. 4 (August 18, 2014): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.444.

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The world’s most common alloy, steel, is the material of choice when it comes to making products as diverse as oil rigs to cars and planes to skyscrapers, simply because of its functionality, adaptability, machine-ability and strength. Newly developed grades of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) significantly outperform competing materials for current and future automotive applications. This is a direct result of steel’s performance flexibility, as well as of its many benefits including low cost, weight reduction capability, safety attributes, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and superior recyclability. To improve crash worthiness and fuel economy, the automotive industry is, increasingly, using AHSS. Today, and in the future, automotive manufacturers must reduce the overall weight of their cars. The most cost-efficient way to do this is with AHSS. However, there are several parameters that decide which of the AHSS types to be used; the most important parameters are derived from the geometrical form of the component and the selection of forming and blanking methods. This paper describes the different types of AHSS, highlights their advantages for use in auto metal stampings, and discusses about the new challenges faced by stampers, particularly those serving the automotive industry.

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Senuma, T. "Processing and Properties of Advanced high strength steel sheets." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 43, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.2004.43.1.1.

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39

Bartlett, Laura Nicole, and Bryan R. Avila. "Grain Refinement in Lightweight Advanced High-Strength Steel Castings." International Journal of Metalcasting 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2016): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-016-0048-0.

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40

Sun, Ying, Xifeng Li, Xiangyu Yu, Delong Ge, Jun Chen, and Jieshi Chen. "Fracture Morphologies of Advanced High Strength Steel During Deformation." Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 27, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-014-0032-8.

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41

Liu, Wei, Junjie Ma, Guang Yang, and Radovan Kovacevic. "Hybrid laser-arc welding of advanced high-strength steel." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 214, no. 12 (December 2014): 2823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.06.018.

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Chen, Ke, Jian Ping Lin, Mao Kang Lv, and Li Ying Wang. "Advanced High Strength Steel Sheet Forming and Springback Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.200.

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With the increasing use of finite element analysis method in sheet forming simulations, springback predictions of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) sheet are still far from satisfactory precision. The main purpose of this paper was to provide a method for accurate springback prediction of AHSS sheet. Material model with Hill’48 anisotropic yield criterion and nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening rule were applied to take account the anisotropic yield behavior and the Bauschinger effect during forming processes. U-channel forming and springback simulation was performed using ABAQUS software. High strength DP600 sheet was investigated in this work. The simulation results obtained with the proposed material model agree well with the experimental results, which show a remarkable improvement of springback prediction compared with the commonly used isotropic hardening model.

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Stoudt, Mark R. "Shaping, Forming and Modeling of Advanced High Strength Steel." JOM 68, no. 7 (May 27, 2016): 1830–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1957-3.

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44

Dwivedi, Sandeep Kumar, and Manish Vishwakarma. "Effect of hydrogen in advanced high strength steel materials." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 51 (October 2019): 28007–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.149.

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45

Li, F., H. Liu, W. Shi, R. Liu, and L. Li. "Hot dip galvanizing behavior of advanced high strength steel." Materials and Corrosion 63, no. 5 (February 2, 2011): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201005905.

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46

Timokhina, Ilana B., Hossein Beladi, Xiang Yuan Xiong, Elena V. Pereloma, and Peter D. Hodgson. "Nano-Scale Analysis of Nano-Bainite Formed in Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.102.

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The effect of composition and processing schedule on the microstructure of C-Mn-Si-Mo-(Al)-(Nb) steels containing nano-bainite was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The major phase formed in all steels was nano-bainite. However, the steels with lower carbon and alloying addition content subjected to TMP had better mechanical properties than high alloyed steel after isothermal treatment. The presence of ferrite in the microstructure can improve not only ductility but lead to the formation of retained austenite with optimum chemical stability.

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Cho, Lawrence, Yuran Kong, John G. Speer, and Kip O. Findley. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Medium Mn Steels." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020358.

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Recent research efforts to develop advanced–/ultrahigh–strength medium-Mn steels have led to the development of a variety of alloying concepts, thermo-mechanical processing routes, and microstructural variants for these steel grades. However, certain grades of advanced–/ultrahigh–strength steels (A/UHSS) are known to be highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, due to their high strength levels. Hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of medium–Mn steels are less understood compared to other classes of A/UHSS, such as high Mn twinning–induced plasticity steel, because of the relatively short history of the development of this steel class and the complex nature of multiphase, fine-grained microstructures that are present in medium–Mn steels. The motivation of this paper is to review the current understanding of the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of medium or intermediate Mn (4 to 15 wt pct) multiphase steels and to address various alloying and processing strategies that are available to enhance the hydrogen-resistance of these steel grades.

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Yang, Guanghui, and Jin-Kyung Kim. "An Overview of High Yield Strength Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steels." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010124.

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Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is a second-generation advanced high strength steel grade developed for automotive applications. TWIP steels exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility, mainly originating from the activation of deformation twinning. However, TWIP steels generally exhibit a relatively low yield strength (YS), which limits their practical applications. Thus, developing high YS TWIP steels without ductility loss is essential to increase their industrial applications. The present work summarizes and discusses the recent progress in improving the YS of TWIP steels, in terms of precipitation strengthening, solid solution strengthening, thermomechanical processing, and novel processes. Novel processes involving sub-boundary strengthening, multi-phase structure, and gradient structure as well as the control of thermomechanical processing (recovery annealing and warm rolling) and precipitation strengthening were found to result in an excellent combination of YS and total elongation.

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Yang, Guanghui, and Jin-Kyung Kim. "An Overview of High Yield Strength Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steels." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010124.

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Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is a second-generation advanced high strength steel grade developed for automotive applications. TWIP steels exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility, mainly originating from the activation of deformation twinning. However, TWIP steels generally exhibit a relatively low yield strength (YS), which limits their practical applications. Thus, developing high YS TWIP steels without ductility loss is essential to increase their industrial applications. The present work summarizes and discusses the recent progress in improving the YS of TWIP steels, in terms of precipitation strengthening, solid solution strengthening, thermomechanical processing, and novel processes. Novel processes involving sub-boundary strengthening, multi-phase structure, and gradient structure as well as the control of thermomechanical processing (recovery annealing and warm rolling) and precipitation strengthening were found to result in an excellent combination of YS and total elongation.

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Verleysen, P., P. Vanduynslager, J. Van Slycken, M. Vermeulen, and J. Degrieck. "High strain rate properties of fatigued advanced high strength steel sheets." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 134 (July 26, 2006): 1307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2006134198.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Advanced high strength steel'

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