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1
Syhyda, Liubov O. "The Advantages and Gaps of the Existing Models of Innovation Commercialization." Business Inform 4, no. 531 (2022): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-4-34-44.
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Reducing the number of failures in the implementation of innovations is the goal of most enterprises engaged in innovative activities. This should allow them to get higher performance and move to the level of innovative leaders. This can be facilitated by a well-organized and introduced at the enterprise model of commercialization of innovations, which would contain a minimum number of «bottlenecks». Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to establish the main advantages and gaps of existing models of innovation commercialization. In the course of the study five models of commercialization were examined. The essence and specificity of each of these models are described. A critical analysis of the models was also carried out. Grouping of advantages has demonstrated that the directions of strengthening commercialization models are as follows: 1) preliminary valuation of innovation ideas from different points of view, for example, the technical possibility of developing an innovation, its market and marketing values and commercial feasibility of its implementation; 2) presentation of the idea of innovation as a valued proposition with a consumer component; 3) taking into account the influence of external groups of factors on the process of commercialization, in particular economic, ecological and social; 4) prediction of various options for commercialization and further spread of innovations. It is determined that the common gaps of most models are: 1) insufficient attention to the opinions of consumers; 2) separateness from the participants of the commercialization process; 3) lack of intellectual property protection. In addition, the following «bottlenecks» are identified: the model is focused on the rapid introduction of innovation, otherwise it may lose relevance; a large number of stages, which can complicate and delay the process of commercialization; high dependence between participants, which can delay decision-making. Further research will be aimed at developing a new model for the commercialization of innovation. Certain advantages of models can be used in the construction of a model in order to strengthen the result. The identified gaps will reduce the number of weaknesses in the model.
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Павлов, Е. А. "Commercialization of digital solutions." Russian Economic Bulletin 7, no. 3 (2024): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5286-2024-7-3-141-147.
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крупные компании на протяжении последних вкладывают существенные ресурсы в цифровую трансформацию, целью которой является реорганизация внутренних бизнес-процессов с применением цифровых технологий. При этом они не являются ИТ-компаниями, но, как правило, создают отдельные Дочерние общества с целью разработки ИТ-продуктов для удовлетворения потребностей бизнеса. В результате этих действий появляются собственные решения, которые могут быть востребованы другими игроками рынка. При этом, продажа таких решений на внешний рынок должна иметь не только экономическое обоснование, но и серьезный анализ всех возможных рисков. В представленной статье изложена характеристика понятия «цифровая трансформация», ее отличие от цифровизации, перечислены стадии разработки цифровых продуктов в проектном подходе, его преимущества и риски, проанализированы вопросы маркетинга и продвижения цифровой продукции. Цель: анализ преимуществ и рисков коммерциализации цифровых решений. Методы: при написании статьи и проведении исследования использовался метод анализа нормативно-правовых актов, научной литературы, статистических данных и лучших практик, благодаря которым было осуществлено определение понятия «цифровая трансформация», получена статистика наличия стратегий цифровой трансформации у компаний, выявление преимуществ и недостатков коммерциализации цифровых решений. Вопросы цифровой трансформации регламентированы нормативно-правовыми актами РФ, а также так или иначе освещались в трудах следующих российских учёных и экспертов: Попов Е.В., Симонова В.Л., Черепанов В.В., Степанов А.А., Савина М.В., Степанов И.А., И.М. Зайченко, П.Д. Горшечникова, А.И. Лёвина, Грибанов Ю.И. и др. Результаты: проведён анализ понятия цифровая трансформация, выявлены преимущества и риски коммерциализации цифровых. Вывод: по итогу проведения исследования представлены варианты маркетинга и продвижения цифровой продукции. large companies have been investing significant resources in digital transformation over the past few years, the purpose of which is to reorganize internal business processes using digital technologies. At the same time, they are not IT companies, but, as a rule, create separate Subsidiaries in order to develop IT products to meet business needs. As a result of these actions, there are own solutions that can be demanded by other market players. At the same time, the sale of such solutions to the foreign market should have not only an economic justification, but also a serious analysis of all possible risks. The presented article describes the characteristics of the concept of "digital transformation", its difference from digitalization, lists the stages of development of digital products in the project approach, its advantages and risks, analyzes the issues of marketing and promotion of digital products. Objective: to identify the advantages and disadvantages of digital commercialization. Methods: when writing the article and conducting the research, the method of analyzing normative legal acts, scientific literature, statistical data and best practices was used, thanks to which the definition of the concept of "digital transformation" was carried out, statistics on the presence of digital transformation strategies, identification of advantages and disadvantages of commercialization of digital solutions. The issues of digital transformation are regulated by the normative legal acts of the Russia, and were also covered in one way or another in the works of the following Russian scientists and experts: Popov E.V., Simonova V.L., Cherepanov V.V., Stepanov A.A., Savina M.V., Stepanov I.A., I.M. Zaichenko, P.D. Gorshechnikova, A.I. Levina, Gribanov Yu.I., etc. Results: the analysis of the concept of digital transformation is carried out, the advantages and risks of commercialization of digital are revealed. Conclusion: based on the results of the study, options for marketing and promotion of digital products are presented.
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Lv, Liangliang, Lingmei Dai, Wei Du, and Dehua Liu. "Progress in Enzymatic Biodiesel Production and Commercialization." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020355.
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Enzymatic biodiesel production has attracted tremendous interest due to its well-recognized advantages. However, high enzyme costs limit the application of enzymatic processes in industrial production. In the past decade, great improvements have been achieved in the lab and the industrial scale, and the production cost of the enzymatic process has been reduced significantly, which has led to it being economically competitive compared to the chemical process. This paper summarizes the progress achieved in enzymatic biodiesel research and commercialization, including reducing enzyme cost, expanding low-quality raw materials, and novel reactor designs. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzymatic processes are also compared.
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Dong, Zheng. "Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Commercializing Sports Leagues Based on NBA Alliance." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 110, no. 1 (2024): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/110/2024ed0138.
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Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of commercialization in the NBA league, the conclusion drawn in this article is that the increase in the degree of commercialization ion of the league has a significant impact on the league's visibility, commercial value, economic income, and overall competitive level. It can also drive the development of the entire sports industry and the formation of a country's sports culture. In the process of commercialization, corresponding problems also arise. From the perspective of fairness, certain matches in the league may be affected by commercial interests in the terms of the fairness of referee calls and penalties. Sometimes, concessions may be made for the sake of the viewing and smoothness of the game, which can damage the interests of one team and violate the spirit of fairness and justice in sports. In addition, gray industries such as gambling and soccer are constantly emerging, which have a great impact and harm on society and are difficult to completely avoid. After decades of development, the NBA has successfully captured the development dividends of the media and Internet era, completed its own brand building, and pushed the NBA to the world. The NBA continuously improves its internal rules, introduces a series of policies, works closely with sponsors in various fields, and make it the world's number one professional basketball league. In order for China's professional basketball league to develop and grow on the path of professionalization and commercialization, in addition to learning and drawing on the NBA business model, it is also necessary to combine its own basic national conditions and basketball development status, formulate basketball league and culture with Chinese characteristics.
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Kovtunov, A. V., and A. V. Tsuba. "The general issues of commercialization of scientific and scientific-technical activities results in the Republic of Belarus." Agrarian Economics, no. 4 (May 3, 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9806-2022-4-26-31.
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The article reveals the content of closed and open innovation models, their main advantages and disadvantages during implementation into production. The particular features of “commercialization” definitions are analyzed as well as the interpretation of the thesis “commercialization of the results of scientific and scientific-technical activities” in modern conditions is substantiated.
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Ihnatsevych, S. P. "Commercialization of innovative technologies in Ukraine. main problems and foreign experience." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 4(24) (2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2022-4-11.
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The innovative activity not only gives enterprises the opportunity to increase the amount of income from economic activity. In the long term, the introduction of innovative technologies into production is almost the only way for a business to continue its existence. And the most effective indicator of the emergence and development of innovative technologies is their high potential for commercialization. The article examines the difference between the concepts of “commercialization” and “transfer”, classifies the main problems of commercialization of innovative technologies in Ukraine, examines the experience of Poland in the operation of technological parks in the country and their influence on the level of commercialization of innovative technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of such an approach to increasing the level of commercialization of technologies and whether technological parks are able to solve the main problems of commercialization in Ukraine are emphasized.
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Purwaningsih, Endang, Muslikh Muslikh, Suhaeri Suhaeri, and Basrowi Basrowi. "LEGAL PROTECTION AND LOCAL POLICY SUPPORT ON THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF EXPORT PRODUCTS AND INNOVATIVE ADVANTAGES OF MSME PRODUCTS." Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi 12, no. 1 (2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/justisi.v12i1.12745.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the direct and indirect effects of legal protection and local policy support on the commercialization of export products and their implications for the innovative advantages of MSME products. The problems explained are (1) the influence of legal protection support and regional policy support on product commercialization, and (2) the role of stakeholders in increasing innovative excellence for product commercialization.The method used in this research is a juridical approach combined with a quantitative approach, sociological especially correlational. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta and Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The research population is MSME actors in the two cities, totaling 300 people with a sample of 76 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. The quantitative data that has been collected was analyzed using a structural equational modeling (SEM) approach, used Smart PLS software. Qualitative data only used as complementary analysis. The results showed legal protection support and local policy support significantly influenced product commercialization and innovative advantage. Theoretically, this research provides insight into the product commercialization as a mediator variable. With these findings, it is expected that significant support will emerge from the government as a regulator, academics as a educator, the private sector as a catalyst, and the community as a driver for the development of law literacy as MSMEs in Indonesia.
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Narayan, Anil Kumar, Karin Olesen, and Suresh Ramachandra. "Remodelling university governance in public universities to respond to the dual challenges of academic research and commercialization." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 1 (2012): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c6art4.
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Using an in-depth case study, this paper examines how the governance of a public university responds to the dual challenges of academic research and commercialization. Our findings indicate that the stakeholder model of institutional governance for academic research strongly underpinned by new public management ideologies conflicted with the research commercialization mission dominated by a profit seeking objective. To be governed responsibly, commercialization requires some degree of corporatization, and the corporate governance model seems to offer many advantages to public universities. The study demonstrated that the best way forward for public universities may be to adopt „dual‟ stakeholder and corporate governance models and utilize complementary and collaborative governance strategies to meet the challenges of academic research development and commercialization.
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Virchenko, Volodymyr, Yurii Petrunia, Valerii Osetskyi, Mykhaylo Makarenko, and Valentyna Sheludko. "Commercialization of intellectual property: innovative impact on global competitiveness of national economies." Marketing and Management of Innovations 5, no. 2 (2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2021.2-02.
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This paper investigates the role of intellectual property in the modern post-industrial economy and its intensive commercialization of the country's competitive advantages in the global economic environment. The main purpose of the research is to prove the hypothesis about the crucial role of intellectual property development in ensuring expanded public reproduction and facilitating the global competitiveness of national economies through innovative modernization of production. To gain the research aim, the authors used a combination of theoretical synthesis and comprehensive statistical analysis. The study follows a deductive approach and theoretical background analysis followed by quantitative research of statistical data. It allowed arriving essential conclusions concerning the role of intellectual property in strengthening the global competitiveness of the national economy and practical policy implications regarding stimulating intellectual property commercialization within the national economy. Paper investigates transmission mechanisms that represent the impact of intensive commercialization of intellectual property on public reproduction and competitiveness of the national economy. Commercialization of intellectual property, defined as a range of activities envisaged for rapid implementation of intellectual activity, resulted in economic turnover to obtain strategic competitive advantages and generate economic profit supported by the transformation of intellectual property into intellectual capital used for the manufacturing of innovative, highly marginal products. Comprehensive statistical data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods (cluster analysis and principal components analysis). The findings proved the key role of intellectual property in the modern system of public reproduction. They demonstrated the multiplicative impact of intellectual property development on a country's competitive global economic environment. Obtained research results provided the basis for policy implications concerning the development of commercialization of intellectual property and stimulation of expanded reproduction of intellectual capital in Ukraine as a precondition of innovative modernization of national industries and acquiring strategic competitive advantages in a globalized market.
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Titov, A. K. "STRATEGIC PLANNING OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT." Business Strategies 10, no. 1 (2022): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2022-1-4-7.
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The relevance of the topic of the scientific article lies in the fact that at the present stage of economic development, intellectual property is the basis of competitive advantages, is a tool for managing the value of the company, is considered as a center of income. The author defined the specifics of intellectual property as an object of commercialization, and also identified the key factors on which the process of commercialization of intellectual property depends in order to analyze the key areas of strategic planning for the commercialization of the results of intellectual activity in the field of research and development.
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Yin, Shihui. "Analysis of Commercialization of Fencing." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 33, no. 1 (2023): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/33/20231658.
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With the rapid development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, sports activities have been appreciated by more and more people. The sports economy is thriving and is increasingly given widespread attention and importance to society. The fencing industry has also injected fresh blood for the development of the sport economy. The sport of fencing essentially combines elements of entertainment, business, and fitness, while at the same time has emerged as a potential business target for major brand corporations. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of fencing commercialization and proposing related solutions that will benefit the future development and further commercialization of the fencing industry. This essay thoroughly examines how fencing sports could help industrialization progress and offers a theoretical foundation for fencing sport promotion in China. This research paper uses case-analyzing and literature studying to fulfill this research work. In conclusion, the commercialization of fencing has lots of potential and still in progress. A key aspect of training and development of sports commercialization is to have professional talent to adapt to the needs of sports development. The second is the need to carry out international exchanges and cooperation to find the development response suitable for China.
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Maratkyzy, S., and Zh B. Childibayev. "The Structural Content of the Commercialization of Educational Research Results of Future Teachers." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 123, no. 1 (2022): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-1/2664-0686.16.
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The article provides a versatile definition of the concept of commercialization. The structure of the commercialization of educational and scientific results, the possibilities, goals, objectives, the main advantages and features of the commercialization of educational and scientific results on the basis of theoretical and practical knowledge obtained during the training of teachers in the higher education system have been substantiated. Today, a complex turnaround is underway in the country's education sector, aimed at solving important tasks for the education of a competitive generation. Despite the fact that official documents have been adopted in Kazakhstan in recent decades and work related to the commercialization of research results and technologies has been carried out, the model of commercialization of research by universities and research centers needs to be improved. The model of commercialization of the results of educational and research activities of future teachers is described in the article. In this structure, a model of its implementation at the university has been developed with an analysis of the theoretical basis for preparing future teachers for the commercialization of the results of educational research and research works. A model for preparing future teachers for the commercialization of knowledge in the innovative educational space of a university, which consists of a set of actions: content, timing, place and resources of activities aimed at achieving a common goal, solving a common problem.
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Mandle, Jar R., and Joan D. Mandle. "Voluntarism and Commercialization in Basketball: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago." Sociology of Sport Journal 6, no. 2 (1989): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.6.2.113.
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This article is intended to cast light on the general process of the commercialization of sport by examining that process in Trinidad and Tobago basketball. The authors explore the strengths and weaknesses of basketball’s dominant voluntary structure as well as those of the emerging commercialization of the sport. They analyze the tensions between voluntary and commercial basketball, and the relative advantages of each to different segments of the basketball community. They conclude that neither voluntarism nor commercialization is likely to be able to impose its dominance on the other in Trinidad and Tobago. Therefore, the future of basketball in that country will probably involve the coexistence of a voluntary structure alongside an incompletely developed commercial venture.
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Piven, D., and A. Rudnitskaya. "COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF AN ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURE IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF AN INNOVATIVE PRODUCT." Transport Business of Russia, no. 6 (2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52375/20728689_2021_6_72.
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Malec, Małgorzata, and Lilianna Stańczak. "Commercialization Processes of Innovative Solutions Developed at the KOMAG Institute – Thresholds and Barriers." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 4, no. 1 (2021): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2021-0024.
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Abstract Commercialization processes of research and development project results are costly and risky. That is why it is indispensable to analyze all the advantages and disadvantages very thoroughly as well as to identify potential risks and barriers which may emerge during commercialization processes of innovative solutions. The Authors presented in the article the results of their research work results oriented onto an identification potential barriers based on analyses of case studies carried out according to the Integrated Commercialization Model (ICM), developed by them. They highlighted the role of marketing communication in commercialization processes, giving some examples of mistakes commonly made and suggesting a new paradigm of marketing activities with use of the state-of-the-art efficient carriers of marketing information e.g. Internet, Intranet, Social Media etc. Marketing communication is presented as a complex tool enabling to strengthen collaborative relationships between science and industry within the framework of creating and implementing innovative solutions. The article also contains some recommendations and guidelines concerning thresholds and barriers impeding a successful transition of commercialization processes of R&D results and of technology transfer.
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POLTORATSKA, Alona. "MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF OBJECTSOF LAW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 224 (2024): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2024/224-1/11.
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Background. In the contemporary landscape, research universities play a pivotal role in the creation of new knowledge and technologies. The commercialization of intellectual property rights (IPR) originating from these universities can yield substantial economic and social benefits. The effective management of intellectual property commercialization stands as a crucial determinant of the success of research universities. Various models exist for managing the commercialization of intellectual property, each with its own set of merits and demerits. It has been established that the successful commercialization of IPR from research universities is not merely a pursuit of maximizing commercial gains from scientific discoveries and developments, but also serves as the bedrock for long-term partnerships and future economic benefits for university science and industry. The goal was to study the existing practices of commercialization of IPPR in the world's leading research universities and their adaptation to Ukrainian realities, considering national characteristics. Methods. The study employed a range of rigorous research methods, including analysis of literary sources, comparative and statistical analysis, and generalization. These methods were chosen to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. The results. The study analyzed management models of IPPR commercialization in different countries worldwide. It systematized the forms, functions, and results of foreign models of IPR commercialization. It revealed each model's features, advantages, and disadvantages. A model of OPV commercialization at a research university in Ukraine is proposed. Conclusions. It was revealed that effective management of the commercialization of IPR is an important factor for the successful development of a research university. Taking into account the specifics of the research university, the selection and implementation of the optimal management model for the commercialization of IPR can significantly increase the effectiveness of this process.
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Pererva, Petro, and Mariya Maslak. "Commercialization of intellectual property objects in industrial enterprises." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 3 (2022): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.37.
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Introducing the results of innovative activity into economic circulation is one of the essential characteristics of an effective industrial enterprise. Commercializing intellectual property objects involves coordinated production and commercial activity, adopting and implementing scientifically based decisions. This is necessary to successfully pass an intellectual product through all stages of its life cycle.The purpose of this study is to form market processes for commercializing intellectual property objects at industrial enterprises, finding the most effective option for their introduction into economic circulation.The theoretical investigation of the problem made it possible to identify and analyze various possible conceptual approaches to commercializing intellectual property in an industrial enterprise. Among them are market push, market pull, engineering, and reengineering commercialization models.Separate stages of forming the market model for commercializing intellectual property in an industrial enterprise are highlighted. First, the methodological principles of the vertical, horizontal, and vertical-horizontal market processes of intellectual property commercialization have been developed. The peculiarities of an intellectual product’s life cycle are determined; based on this, a market model of intellectual property’s life cycle (model of successive changes) is proposed. Finally, for each of the proposed market processes, the main advantages and disadvantages of their practical use are determined, as well as the areas of their most effective usage.
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Poltoratska, Alona, Tetiana Stovba, and Alona Hrebennikova. "FORMATION AND REALIZATION OF THE MECHANISM OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.037.
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Introduction. Introduction. Innovation is an integral factor of social and economic development, which accompanied mankind from the beginning of civilization. Over the past decade, you can observe a significant increase in expenditures for innovation activity and growing interest in the topic of innovation, since technological changes and innovations are often perceived as an influential process that opens opportunities for the benefits of society, as well as social security. Particular attention is paid to the commercialization of innovation, since they are a fundamental condition for the development of both micro-and macroeconomic aspects in the context of their impact on the creation of competitive advantages and economic development. Moreover, the commercialization of innovation is, apparently, the most important challenge faced by all companies. innovations go beyond science or technology; this is what can create value through the commercialization process. The theme of commercialization of innovation apparently paid increased attention Recently, but this subject of research is quite fragmented and distributed between various fields of research and disciplines. As a result, it is necessary to investigate, arrange and aggregate various theoretical and empirical conclusions, the purpose of the article is to determine theoretical principles of commercialization of the results of innovation activity in order to formulate the relevant mechanism. Method (methodology). The study used a number of general scientific and specially scientific methods: analysis and synthesis to find out the essence of the mechanism of commercialization of the results of innovation activity; systematization – determination of the main levels of the mechanism of commercialization; Gnoseology – outlining the main contradictions for understanding commercialization. The results. The main purpose of the article is to form a model of the mechanism of commercialization of the results of innovation activity. The existing connection between phenomena is taken into account: commercialization of innovation and internationalization. A conceptual approach to the formation of a mechanism for commercialization of innovation results depending on management levels is proposed. The toolkit for implementing the proposed mechanism is determined.
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Баранова, Галина Николаевна, and Ирина Владимировна Баранова. "Commercialization of Social Services as New Format of Modern Society." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2021.46.71.022.
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В статье рассмотрены проблемы коммерциализации социальной сферы регионов. Проанализированы положительные и отрицательные стороны организации коммерческой деятельности услуг социального характера, а также показан эффект от предпринимательства в социальной сфере. We look at the problem of commercialization of the social sphere in regions. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of organizing the commercial activity in the social services sector and demonstrate the effect of the social sphere entrepreneurship.
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Bánkuti, Sandra Mara Schiavi, Amanda Ferreira Guimarães, Maria Nezilda Culti, Arthur de Canini Cezar, and Gheysa Julio Pinto. "COMMERCIALIZATION OF AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS THROUGH PNAE AND PAA: A STUDY WITH SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN PARANÁ, BRAZIL." Informe GEPEC 21, no. 1 (2017): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/igepec.v21i1.17162.
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Commercialization has been highlighted as one the main obstacles for farmers in Brazil. Public policies have encouraged smallholder farmers to increase commercialization through institutional markets, named National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and Food Acquisition Program (PAA). The aim of this paper is to analyze commercialization of agri-food products by smallholder farmers in Paraná, Brazil, including PNAE and PAA programs. Empirical research comprised primary data from interviews with 27 smallholders in Paiçandu, Paraná. Results indicated that most farmers participate individually of PNAE and PAA, and main products are vegetables and processed products. Main advantages of PAA and PNAE are the assurance of sale, followed by prices. Main difficulties concern scale and assurance of supply, besides relative prices, especially for those accessing short channels. Collective actions would help farmers to overcome difficulties, and create opportunities for developing other channels, such as collective street markets
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Ruiz de Luzuriaga, Alaitz, Nerea Markaide, Asier M. Salaberria, Itxaso Azcune, Alaitz Rekondo, and Hans Jürgen Grande. "Aero Grade Epoxy Vitrimer towards Commercialization." Polymers 14, no. 15 (2022): 3180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153180.
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Traditional crosslinked aero grade epoxy resins have excellent thermal-mechanical properties and solvent resistance, but they cannot be remolded, recycled, or repaired. Vitrimers can be topologically rearranged via an associative exchange mechanism, endowing them with thermoplasticity. Introducing dynamic bonds into crosslinked networks to obtain more sustainable thermosets is currently an interesting research topic. While recent research into vitrimers has indicated many advantages over traditional thermosets, an important shortcoming has been identified: susceptibility to creep at service temperature due to the dynamic bonds present in the network. In addition, designing aero grade epoxy vitrimers (similar to RTM6 resin) still remains a challenge. Herein, low creep aero grade epoxy vitrimer with thermal and mechanical properties similar to those of aero grade epoxy resins and with the ability to be recyclable, repairable, and reprocessable, has been prepared. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that aero grade epoxy vitrimer with reduced creep can be easily designed by the introduction of a certain fraction of permanent crosslinks, without having a negative effect on the stress relaxation of the material. Subsequently, the mechanical and relaxation properties were investigated and compared with those of classical aero grade epoxy resin. A high Tg (175 °C) epoxy vitrimer was obtained which fulfilled all mechanical and thermal specifications of the aero sector. This work provides a simple network design to obtain aero grade epoxy resins with excellent creep resistance at elevated temperatures while being sustainable.
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Quevedo, Murilo Gonçalves, Mario Duarte Canever, Aline Castro Jansen, and Filipe Selau Carlos. "Soybean-rice rotation in southern Brazil: economics advantages." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 21, no. 9 (2023): 12043–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv21n9-083.
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The aim of this paper is to show a step-by-step method and empirical data for evaluating the economic advantages of introducing soybean in rotation with irrigated rice in the Brazilian southern lowlands by comparing two groups of farms: (01) farms with rice’s monoculture; (02) farms with soybean and rice rotation in the last 5 years. As a result, we found that the introduction of soybeans in the irrigated rice production system reduces the costs of soil preparation (41.45%), weed control costs (49.60%) and exposure to risk (27,61%). Furthermore, through rotation farms might improve the results of commercialization by 0,66% in comparison with monocultural farms. On the other hand, the rotation system increases fertilization costs (13.34%), reduces the gains with cattle grazing in the fallow period (0,97%) and the gross revenue per unit of area (5.62%). In sum the rotation is a viable production strategy, generating an increase of 9,68% in the financial return as compared to the traditional rice’s monocultural agricultural system.
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Ildemenov, Sergey V., and Dmitry S. Ildemenov. "LEAN R&D AND TECHNOLOGICAL AUDIT: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/4, no. 150 (2024): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.09.04.004.
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The article examines the history of lean research and technology audit development, reflects the main factors of the positive impact of their implementation on the activities of organizations, how the implementation of lean R&D technology audit can become a driver for increasing the efficiency of commercialization of new technologies. The results of the practice of commercialization of new technologies are presented using the example of Russian enterprises. The main advantages, opportunities and successful examples of implementation in different industries are considered, as well as potential problems in conducting a technology audit, ways to overcome them.
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Goncharenko, L. P., and G. A. Timoshenko. "Mechanism of Promotion and Commercialization of Goods and Services in Current Situation." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 20, no. 5 (2023): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2023-173-186.
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In the current crisis situation small and medium business cannot survive and develop, in case it has no advantages to its competitors in development and introduction of new goods and technologies into market. The key factor of today’s company competitiveness is the ability to combine off-line and on-line technologies of communicating with consumers of its goods and service. The article provides definitions of such notions as ‘promotion’, ‘commercialization’, ‘mechanism’ and studies effective ways of commercialization of innovative products covering certain needs of home and overseas markets. The impact of mechanisms of governmental and non-governmental regulation and support of enterprises was shown, as well as tools, both available and newly appearing, of promotion and commercialization, including tools of developing transport and logistical infrastructure. On the basis of trends in business developing and progressing revealed in implementing national projects and analysis of overseas markets open for promotion and commercialization of goods and service the article puts forward a mechanism of promotion and commercialization of goods and services, including those with innovative character and offered in new sphere of social and economic activity. This mechanism acts as a combination of two elements: internal, that covers enterprises and self-employed people and external, that includes mechanisms of governmental and nongovernmental regulation and support of enterprises.
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Lu, Wenhuan. "“Fast” or “Slow”: Chinese Clothing Comparison between Commercialization Promotion and Archaeological Inheritance." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 43 (December 26, 2024): 29–32. https://doi.org/10.54097/c3vwr360.
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The research background of this paper is based on the proposal of the 14th Five Year Plan for Cultural Development, mainly discussing whether the current Chinese clothing culture needs more commercial promotion of fast fashion or slow paced and refined research on clothing archaeology inheritance. “Fast” refers to the commercial promotion of fast fashion, and “slow” refers to the fine research of clothing archaeology. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese culture in commercial promotion and clothing archaeology research by using two research methods: literature review and practical investigation. These two perspectives are compared, and feasible suggestions are proposed. This study argues that the commercialization of fast fashion and slow-paced archaeological research on clothing have their own advantages and disadvantages. How to combine and improve optimization has become a key issue. The entire paper’s discussion has profound significance for the inheritance and dissemination of clothing to the public.
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Maoz, Maoz, Zohair Abbas, Syed Abdul Basit Shah, and Vanni Lughi. "Recent Advances in Flexible Solar Cells; Materials, Fabrication, and Commercialization." Sustainability 17, no. 5 (2025): 1820. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051820.
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Flexibility, light weight, and mechanical robustness are the key advantages of flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules, making them highly versatile for sustainable energy solutions. Unlike traditional rigid PV modules, their flexible nature makes them incredibly versatile for harnessing energy in places where doing so was once impossible. They have a wide range of applications due to their flexibility and moldability, making it possible to conform these modules to surfaces like curved rooftops and other irregular structures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of all the materials used in flexible PV modules with a focus on their role in sustainability. We thoroughly discuss the active-layer materials for crystalline silicon (c-Si)-based solar cells (SC) and thin-film solar cells such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), as well as copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), amorphous thin-film silicon (a-Si), perovskite and organic solar cells. Various properties, such as the optical, barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties of different substrate materials, are reviewed. Transport layers and conductive electrode materials are discussed with a focus on emerging trends and contributions to sustainable PV technology. Various fabrication techniques involved in making flexible PV modules, along with advantages, disadvantages, and future trends, are highlighted in the paper. The commercialization of flexible PV is also discussed, which is a crucial milestone in advancing and adapting new technologies in the PV industry with a focus on contributing toward sustainability.
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LEE, HEE-GOOK, JAE YEONG PARK, JONG UK BU, and YOUNGJOO YEE. "MEMS TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 02 (2002): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001162.
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MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology is becoming a crucial enabling technology for optical and RF telecommunication applications due to the performance, cost and integration advantages. All-optical switches and silicon optical benches for optical network systems and RF MEMS components such as RF MEMS switches, tunable capacitors, high Q inductors, and thin film bulk acoustic resonators for miniaturized single chip RF transceivers are discussed. Despite all the promising aspects, practical problems to be addressed for successful commercialization are not trivial. By reviewing optical and RF MEMS research activities and some of the implementation examples, key success factors of MEMS components for the commercialization are discussed.
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Arsenova, E. V., and O. N. Pankova. "The commercialization instruments of innovations: empirical research on FMCG market." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 6 (February 13, 2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2017-6-42-51.
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The research objective is in definition of the main tools participating in process of commercialization of grocery and marketing on the basis of expansion and deepening of the existing theory and methodology of commercialization, and also development of recommendations to improvement of tools that will promote finally to increase of efficiency of process of acceptance of a novelty by the market. Research is conducted on the basis of two-stage methodology including at the first stage carrying out questioning among the employees occupied in the course of commercialization in the large companies FMCG of the market, and at the second stage a case - research of two - players of the Russian market of juice. Confirmation of the made hypothesis that in most cases the innovations put on the market, can be considered grocery that is explainable that such innovations are capable to give to consumers essentially new advantages is result of research. The interrelation between stages of commercialization and the tools applied during this period is also confirmed. In the analysis of separate tools the tools informing the consumer on new products showed the greatest importance. Among them the special importance is played by TV advertizing. Practical application of results consists in identification tools for each of stages of commercialization of innovations the FMCG companies, and also those from them which play a paramount role on each of stages are defined.
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Decker, Raymond. "The Technology and Commercialization of Thixomolding®." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.47.
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The history of Thixomolding®, its technology and commercialization are reviewed along with recent evolution of new technology afforded by its metallurgical structure. Since Thixomolding was introduced in the early 1990’s, it has developed to more than 400 Thixomolding machines in the United States, Canada, Japan, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Korea, Germany, Belgium and France. Applications have been established in the electronics/communication, automobile, military, hand tool, medical and sporting goods markets. Thixomoldings principal advantages are in net-shaping, consolidation of parts, safety, environmental friendliness, mechanical properties and microstructure. The virtuous isotropic and fine-grained Thixomolded® microstructure has opened the door to derivative thermal mechanical processing for generating nanostructured Mg products of high strength/density along with improved ductility, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and formability. This thermomechanical processing (TTMP) has been applied recently to the Thixomolded precursor to further refine the grain size and eutectic phases to nanometer sizes - providing yield strength above 300 MPa, fatigue strength of 150 MPa along with elongation of >10%. Alloys so processed include AZ50L, AZ60L, AM60, AZ61L, AZ70L-TH, AZ80, AZ91D, AXJ810-TH and Thixoblended® alloys of higher Zn content. Microstructure is related to processing and properties, as predestined by the Thixomolded microstructure. Fiber Metal Laminate composites based on this nanoMAG TTMP Mg product have demonstrated yield strength up to 900 MPa, with modulus of elasticity of 90 GPa.
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Shevchenko, K., L. Saher, and A. Shymoshenko. "COMMERCIALIZATION OF INNOVATIONS IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATUS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 4 (2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.4-01.
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Commercialization of innovations is a fundamental condition for the development of both micro- and macroeconomic aspects in the context of their impact on the creation of competitive advantages and economic development. Moreover, the commercialization of innovation is perhaps the most important challenge that all companies face. innovation goes beyond science or technology; it is something that is able to create value through the commercialization process. Commercialization acts as an important "intermediary" between scientific and technical development and the object of purchase and sale and is an effective lever thanks to which the newly created innovative development brings profit. The topic of commercialization of innovations has obviously received increased attention recently, but this subject of research is quite fragmented and distributed among different fields of research and disciplines. As a result, a variety of theoretical and empirical findings need to be explored, organized, and aggregated. The purpose of the article is to study the level of commercialization of innovations in Ukraine compared to world trends and to identify the problems of reducing the number of innovators-enterprises. Commercialization is a basic condition for the successful implementation of the results of innovative activities of high-tech enterprises in any country, therefore the article examines the rating of Ukraine according to the Global Innovation Index and identifies world leaders. The dynamics of the introduction of innovations at industrial enterprises of Ukraine in 2014-2020 were formed. The rating of the Top 5 most innovative companies of Ukraine in 2021 was analyzed. The result of the study was the identification of problems that significantly weaken the place of innovators-companies of Ukraine among world leaders. The article will be useful for specialists and scientists in the field of innovative marketing, management, logistics, teachers and students of higher educational institutions. For those who are interested in deepening their knowledge in the field of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises in the context of product commercialization.
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Shcherbachenko, V., and S. Kotenko. "ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES AND SUCCESS FACTORS OF INNOVATION COMMERCIALIZATION." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 1 (2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.1-10.
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The article presents the results of a study of the prospects for the commercialization of innovations and the factors hindering their development. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that contribute to the market success of innovation, as well as to examine the barriers that hinder the innovation of enterprises and do not allow to achieve the desired effect. To achieve this goal it is necessary to implement the following tasks: to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the relationship of factors of commercialization of innovation, to explore the negative factors contributing to the failure of innovation, to identify obstacles to innovation at different stages, and to determine factors of successful commercialization of innovations. The main research methods that were used in writing the article are comparative analysis of scientific publications and research on the work of commercialization of innovations, synthesis, generalization, and visualization map by VOSviewer software. With the help of the VOSviewer software product, a visualization map was created in connection with the concept of "commercialization of innovations" and related ideas, based on information from the Scopus database. In the process of working on the article, literary sources were analyzed, which are close to the research topic. The results of the analysis confirmed the theory of factor influence on the effectiveness of commercialization of innovations. Both internal and external factors that directly and indirectly affect the results of innovation and opportunities to increase its profitability were identified. Groups of clusters formed as a result of the construction of visualization maps reflect additional factors that are insufficiently studied in the thematic scientific literature. Such factors, when further analyzed, can be the subject of new research and can help determine their specific impact (positive or negative) on the end result of the commercialization of innovation. Moreover, we have defined that innovation commercialization process has a number of practical advantages: economic, social, competitive, market benefits for companies, consumers, society in large.
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Savinell, Robert F., and Jesse S. Wainright. "Iron Flow Battery with Slurry Electrode for Large Scale Energy Storage: Scale-Up, Intellectual Property, and Commercialization Challenges." Electrochemical Society Interface 32, no. 3 (2023): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f08233if.
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For large-scale energy storage, flow batteries present many advantages. These benefits include, but are not limited to, decoupling power rating from energy capacity and projected lower cost energy storage and long cycle life. Several reviews and a comprehensive handbook have come available recently describing the various flow battery chemistries and the details of cell and stack construction. However, none of the chemistries proposed are perfect and the commercialization path to widespread adoption remains challenging. For the purposes of this article, we will take a closer look at the concept and development of an all-iron slurry flow battery and the intellectual property (IP) protection and commercialization process that occurred within an academic environment.
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Odstrčil, Ladislav, Peter Valent, Vladislav Kaputa, and Marek Fabrika. "Digitization and Virtualization of Wood Products for Its Commercial Use." Forests 15, no. 12 (2024): 2263. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122263.
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Augmented reality (AR) offers several advantages in the commercialization of wood products, increasing both the efficiency and the attractiveness of the process of presenting and selling them. The digitization and virtualization of wood features/products for the purpose of their economic valorization represent a significant advance in technology and its application in traditional industries such as wood processing and trade. We present a concrete process of digitization and virtualization of wood features through AR for the purpose of its commercial valorization. Three methods of object scanning are tested: convergent photogrammetry, LiDAR scanning using an iPhone, and handheld scanners. Wood samples with different textures, shapes, and surface properties were used for the research, while each method was tested on a trio of models. The methods showed specific limitations: convergent photogrammetry is time-consuming and prone to human error, LiDAR iPhone scanning provides lower output quality and struggles with reflective surfaces, while handheld scanners are expensive and require additional tools for capturing color. Convergent photogrammetry was evaluated as the optimal and available method for the widest range of users. The 3D models were integrated into the Virtual Wood Market application, created in the Unreal Engine environment. The use of augmented reality in wood product commercialization offers significant benefits, including enhanced material efficiency, improved design and fabrication processes, better supply chain management, and increased customer engagement. These advantages can lead to more sustainable practices and higher customer satisfaction, ultimately driving the success of wood product commercialization.
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Wang, Shanshan, Xuejun Chen, Xiaolu Han, et al. "A Review of 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutics: Technology and Applications, Now and Future." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (2023): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020416.
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Three-dimensional printing technology, also called additive manufacturing technology, is used to prepare personalized 3D-printed drugs through computer-aided model design. In recent years, the use of 3D printing technology in the pharmaceutical field has become increasingly sophisticated. In addition to the successful commercialization of Spritam® in 2015, there has been a succession of Triastek’s 3D-printed drug applications that have received investigational new drug (IND) approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Compared with traditional drug preparation processes, 3D printing technology has significant advantages in personalized drug manufacturing, allowing easy manufacturing of preparations with complex structures or drug release behaviors and rapid manufacturing of small batches of drugs. This review summaries the mechanisms of the most commonly used 3D printing technologies, describes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and applications in the pharmaceutical industry, analyzes the progress of global commercialization of 3D printed drugs and their problems and challenges, reflects the development trends of the 3D printed drug industry, and guides researchers engaged in 3D printed drugs.
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Wes, Ching Hsiao Chiang, E. Mitchell Duane, and Crawford John. "Identifying Business Schools' Business Behaviors- employing the perspectives of Corporate Ethos." Journal of Management Science and Business Intelligence 4, no. 2 (2019): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3370777.
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Employing business schools and their MBA programs as an example in the broadest context of higher education programs, this study visualizes and reflects theoretical issues of academic capitalism and the commercialization of higher education programs. By probing, illustrating and documenting empirical business practices and assessing the degree to which business schools commercialize their education programs, this study also advances our understanding of commercialization practices of higher education programs. The findings attest to the theoretical issues of commercialization that higher education programs, in the context of business schools are highly engaged in commercial activities and are competing with the private sector for customers in the MBA industry. The findings also illustrate that business schools from many perspectives treat their students as consumers and therefore commercialize their academic programs and operations in ways that can strengthen their capabilities to attract and recruit more consumers, and to compete for reputation as well as maintain exceptional relationships and fulfill consumers’ needs. This study suggests that issues such as monitoring mechanisms for commercial behaviors, balancing the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing commercial behaviors as well as how commercialization influences faculty and students in terms of the experience of teaching and learning should be scrutinized.
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Hoshgizfekh, Rezai Mohhammad Ali, and Y. N. Popovskiy. "Specific features of risks of automotive companies innovative activity." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 3-5 (2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67330.
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The article reflects the role of commercialization of scientific and technological progress in addressing problems of economic growth. Specific features of modern society development are found. It is proved that innovative activity promotes formation of sustainable competitive advantages of economic subjects. The risks of innovative activity of automotive companies are investigated, its classification is offered.
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Черкасова, Юлия, Yuliya Cherkasova, Олег Соковиков, and Oleg Sokovikov. "Intellectual property effectiveness evaluation for state-owned company: the methodical approach." Russian Journal of Management 6, no. 4 (2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c7fec6e3444d0.09352582.
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Methodical approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of intellectual property are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches are summarized. Author proposed to calculate indicators taking into account the division of areas of use of the results of intellectual activity - in their own activities, for the commercialization of rights or to block competitors' market share.
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André, Luiz Barros de Oliveira, and Léo Ramos Gomes Rickardo. "Energy Commercialization Models: Dynamism, Opportunities, and Expansion." International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development 20, no. 12 (2024): 355–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14559428.
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ABSTRACTThe Brazilian electricity sector plays a strategic role in the economy and the sustainable development of thecountry, characterized by the coexistence of two main energy trading environments: the Regulated ContractingEnvironment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL). In the ACR, energy is supplied to captiveconsumers through distributors, while the ACL offers greater flexibility to consumers, enabling bilateralnegotiations regarding price, quantity, supply period, and payment conditions. The methodology adopted in thisstudy followed a qualitative approach, recognized as essential in the scientific field for the in-depth understandingof social, economic, and environmental phenomena. To achieve the proposed objectives, two complementaryresearch procedures were employed: bibliographic research, which provides a solid theoretical foundation forunderstanding the topic, and documentary research, which enables the analysis of official documents andregulations issued by institutions such as GNPW Group®, COPEL, CCEE, ANEEL, ABRACEEL, and theBrazilian government. The general objective of this study is to analyze the energy trading models in Brazil,highlighting their dynamism, the opportunities provided, and the possibilities for expansion, with an emphasis onnormative aspects, the different contracting environments, and the dynamics of the energy market. The researchalso explores the advantages and challenges associated with the ACL and ACR, as well as the impacts ofregulations on the development and evolution of the Brazilian energy sector. The findings of the study highlightthat the evolution of the Brazilian electricity sector, with the expansion of the Free Contracting Environment(ACL) and the continuation of the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR), reflects a pursuit of greatercompetitiveness, flexibility, and sustainability.Keywords: Energy trading; Free Contracting Environment; Regulated Contracting Environment; Brazilianelectricity sector.------------------------
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Bialek-Jaworska, Anna, and Renata Gabryelczyk. "Biotech spin-off business models for the internationalization strategy." Baltic Journal of Management 11, no. 4 (2016): 380–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-11-2015-0223.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the business model components and related attributes of biotech spin-offs activity that are key to the implementation of the internationalization strategy. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a multiple case study analysis including business models of seven biotechnology spin-offs traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Based on the literature review the authors identify the key attributes of the business model for the commercialization of R&D outcomes. The authors conduct an analysis taking into consideration the determinants of biotech spin-off activity. The authors also measure the internationalization strategy implementation with the use of indicators identified in the empirical research literature review. Findings According to the results, the authors identified that international cooperation in research projects and partnering, as well as international experience in the management board and tacit knowledge, play a facilitating role in the business model for the commercialization of biotech spin-off research findings. The cost advantage on the global market, tax advantages and support of venture capital are the key to the exploitation of profit potential on the global market. An important component of the business model specific to companies conducting R&D activities is to ensure firm survival activities by funding research grants to makes R&D possible prior to commercialization. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study is the small magnitude of the sample, particularly as only two of the seven analyzed spin-offs realized their profit potential on the global market. Practical implications The findings are important for the development of business models of new biotech ventures. Research results can be used as recommendations for universities on how to effectively build a business model for the commercialization of biotech spin-offs on the basis of R&D outcomes for the internationalization strategy. Originality/value The paper’s uniqueness results from the synergy of combining three research areas: components of business models for commercialization; attributes of biotech R&D activity; and indicators measuring the internationalization strategy implementation. The results can contribute to the existing body of knowledge on business models for the commercialization of R&D outcomes in the context of internationalization. The value of this paper is an extended knowledge of the internationalization of biotech ventures based on R&D outcomes.
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André, Luiz Barros de Oliveira, and Léo Ramos Gomes Rickardo. "Energy Commercialization Models: Dynamism, Opportunities, and Expansion." International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development 20, no. 12 (2025): 355–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14867387.
Full textAbstract:
The Brazilian electricity sector plays a strategic role in the economy and the sustainable development of the country, characterized by the coexistence of two main energy trading environments: the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL). In the ACR, energy is supplied to captive consumers through distributors, while the ACL offers greater flexibility to consumers, enabling bilateral negotiations regarding price, quantity, supply period, and payment conditions. The methodology adopted in this study followed a qualitative approach, recognized as essential in the scientific field for the in-depth understanding of social, economic, and environmental phenomena. To achieve the proposed objectives, two complementary research procedures were employed: bibliographic research, which provides a solid theoretical foundation for understanding the topic, and documentary research, which enables the analysis of official documents and regulations issued by institutions such as GNPW Group®, COPEL, CCEE, ANEEL, ABRACEEL, and the Brazilian government. The general objective of this study is to analyze the energy trading models in Brazil, highlighting their dynamism, the opportunities provided, and the possibilities for expansion, with an emphasis on normative aspects, the different contracting environments, and the dynamics of the energy market. The research also explores the advantages and challenges associated with the ACL and ACR, as well as the impacts of regulations on the development and evolution of the Brazilian energy sector. The findings of the study highlight that the evolution of the Brazilian electricity sector, with the expansion of the Free Contracting Environment (ACL) and the continuation of the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR), reflects a pursuit of greater competitiveness, flexibility, and sustainability.Keywords: Energy trading; Free Contracting Environment; Regulated Contracting Environment; Brazilian electricity sector.
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Lee, Wooseok, and Jongsup Hong. "Novel SOFC Repeating Unit Design for the Uniform Distribution of Temperature and Thermo-Electrochemical Reaction Zone in a Commercial Scale Stack." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.0517ecst.
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have been spotlighted as eco-friendly energy sources due to their various advantages, but performance degradation occurring in high-temperature operations and hydrocarbon-based fuel conditions have become obstacles to commercialization. In this study, a novel SOFC stack design is proposed to alleviate the nonuniform distribution of temperature and chemical reaction which can accelerate the degradation of the conventional crossflow type stack. We compared the conventional and the novel SOFC stack design through three-dimensional multiphysics simulation analysis. Compared to the conventional design, the standard deviation of temperature, chemical reaction rate, and fuel species concentration in the novel design decreased by 65.07%, 20.28%, and 25.14%, respectively, showing the advantage of the novel design.
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Khalil, Omar S. "Spectroscopic and Clinical Aspects of Noninvasive Glucose Measurements." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 2 (1999): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.2.165.
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Abstract Frequent determination of glucose concentrations in diabetic patients is an important tool for diabetes management. This requires repetitive lancing and finger bleeding. Use of noninvasive (NI) detection techniques offers several advantages, such as the absence of pain and exposure to sharp objects and biohazard materials, the potential for increased frequency of testing, and hence, tighter control of the glucose concentrations, and the potential for a closed-loop system including a monitor and an insulin pump. These potential advantages have led to considerable interest in the commercialization of NI glucose monitoring devices. Review of the scientific, patent, and commercial literature indicates that the spectroscopic basis for NI determination of glucose is not yet well established, and attempts at commercialization may be several steps ahead of our understanding the origin and characteristics of an in vivo glucose-specific or glucose-related signal. Several technologies have potential for leading to viable measuring devices, but most of the data are based on in vitro experimentation. Because of the technical complexity of in vivo glucose measurements, this review aims at discussing the gap between the established need and current technology limitations.
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QUIROZ AGUILAR, FRANCISCO, and ROBERTO LEY BORRÁS. "MODELO REUSABLE PARA DECIDIR SOBRE ESTRATEGIAS DE COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE MATERIALES DE PROCESAMIENTO." Investigación Administrativa 31-2 (July 1, 2002): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.35426/iav31n91.05.
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This article presents a reusable decision model for commercialization strategies intended for firms that sell industrial processing materials. The utilization of this reusable decision model gives firms the advantages of formal decision analysis modeling at a fraction of the cost and time of building a decision model from the beginning each time the firm wants to decide on a commercialization strategy. The reusable model includes a master model (an influence diagram that expresses the relationships between the key decisions, uncertainties and parameters) and a metamodel (that guides the analyst in the process of building particular models). The model generated this way allows the definition and selection of a coherent and effective marketing strategy that maximizes the benefits for the firm. An application of the reusable model to a real situation is also presented.
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Gu, Yifan, and Jianghui Ding. "Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of e-Commerce Industrial Chains from the Perspective of Embeddedness: Taking Xiong’an New Area in China as an Example." Complexity 2022 (March 17, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7135969.
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e-commerce has promoted the application of the Internet by traditional enterprises. While this phenomenon has deepened industrial embeddedness, it has also profoundly affected the development of traditional manufacturing and retail industries. Based on the embeddedness theory, this paper takes the e-commerce industrial chain in Xiong’an New Area of China as an example, uses location entropy method and local spatial autocorrelation to analyze its spatial characteristics and influencing factors, and also discusses the features of embeddedness from each dimension of industrial chains. The results show the following: ① The supply chain of industry-dependent e-commerce is dominated by production wholesalers, and suppliers with cost advantages and commercial traditions are embedded in local characteristic industries; the e-commerce value chain is dominated by production and processing activities, and the spatial orientation of the business model is affected by regional industrial functions; the e-commerce enterprise chain is dominated by B2B enterprises, the high-level agglomeration of which reflects the absolute scale advantage provided by the e-commercialization of traditional industry. ② The distribution of the e-commerce industrial chains of Xiong’an New Area is characterized by spatial heterogeneity and has obvious spatial agglomeration. The industrial chains are concentrated in Xiong County, followed by Rongcheng County, and Anxin County has the weakest agglomeration. ③ The main factors that cause the uneven distribution of the e-commerce industrial chains in Xiong’an New Area include three aspects: transportation location advantages, traditional industrial foundation, and government policy regulation. Research can provide a scientific reference for accurately identifying the spatial development characteristics of the industrial chains from various perspectives and promoting the sustainable development and e-commercialization of traditional industries.
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Dr., P. S. Aithal, and Aithal Shubhrajyotsna. "A NEW MODEL FOR COMMERCIALIZATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS & SERVICES." International Journal of Computational Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2016): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.163536.
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Nanotechnology innovations are making a revolution in design and manufacturing, creating new materials and products through novel processes for commercial applications. New products based on nanotechnology with novel characteristics are continued to grow and benefit the society. Being general purpose technology, nanotechnology is expected to support all fields of the society, but some fields like medicine, energy, environmental remediation, robotics, manufacturing, commerce, and space exploration are expected to undergo explosive developments. Many business organizations are monitoring such developments to encash business opportunities of nanotechnology developments by commercializing these products successfully. In this paper, we made a detailed analysis on nanotechnology applications in different fields based on business organizations point of view. Based on the business perspective, we have developed a new model for commercialization of nanotechnology products/services and analyzed it based on organizational and customer’s perspectives. The paper also contains a detailed discussion on the opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology commercialization as per developed model in terms of time lag, the valley of death, lack of infrastructure, lack of a standard for evaluation, bureaucratic delays, the dearth of funding, lack of trained professionals, brand image, and public support. Finally, we have discussed the advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages of this new commercialization model in terms of nanotechnology products/services market potential.
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Wang, Fangzheng, Yuying Han, Xin Feng, et al. "Mesoporous Carbon-Based Materials for Enhancing the Performance of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (2023): 7291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087291.
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The most promising energy storage devices are lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), which offer a high theoretical energy density that is five times greater than that of lithium-ion batteries. However, there are still significant barriers to the commercialization of LSBs, and mesoporous carbon-based materials (MCBMs) have attracted much attention in solving LSBs’ problems, due to their large specific surface area (SSA), high electrical conductivity, and other unique advantages. The synthesis of MCBMs and their applications in the anodes, cathodes, separators, and “two-in-one” hosts of LSBs are reviewed in this study. Most interestingly, we establish a systematic correlation between the structural characteristics of MCBMs and their electrochemical properties, offering recommendations for improving performance by altering the characteristics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of LSBs under current policies are also clarified. This review provides ideas for the design of cathodes, anodes, and separators for LSBs, which could have a positive impact on the performance enhancement and commercialization of LSBs. The commercialization of high energy density secondary batteries is of great importance for the achievement of carbon neutrality and to meet the world’s expanding energy demand.
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MYROSHCHENKO, Nataliia, Oksana ZARYTSKA, and Anastasiia SYMAK. "Problems of commercialization of innovative products of industrial enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.12.8.
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Introduction. The actuality of scientific research is confirmed by the fact that innovative activity is one of the key factors for straightening national competitiveness under the conditions of globalization. It is thanks to innovations that the business entity has the ability to develop its market positions, improve its economic efficiency and in turn create a bigger added value. At the same time, it is important to commercialize the results of the innovation activity are as much as possible, which aims at offering new high-tech products and services for the market. The effectiveness of its successful implementation enables innovation’s introduction on the market, as well as the achievement of its sustainable competitive advantages. That is why the problem of commercialization of innovative products should be seen by society, government, private business, scientists, because the solution of this problem lays in the competitiveness of goods and effects human life standards. The purpose of the work is to highlight the problems that arise during the innovative products’ commercialization and to offer solutions to them. Results. Based on the review and synthesis of literary sources, as well as the study of empirical data from domestic enterprises the key problems of high-tech products commercialization were identified, they include the following: the danger of premature diffusion of high-tech products, which is uncontrollable by the commercialization subjects; inaccuracy during the assessment of demand for high-tech products and forecasting their sales volume; the adequate choice strategy complexity and development of tactics for the promotion of high-tech products in the market; the lack of reasonable pricing approaches for high-tech products. Conclusion. The article presents the key problems of innovative products’ commercialization and their solutions. The main directions for solving these problems were developed. In order to ensure both process of innovative products’ commercialization and innovative activity in general we propose number of recommendations in order to form an extensive information base for employees of the management subsystem and business analysts.
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M.S, Sadiq,, Singh, I.P, Lawal, M, and Yisa, P.B. "Output Commercialization as Three-Way Traffic for Sugarcane Farming Households in Kwara State of Nigeria." American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v1i1.179.
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The study empirically determined the factors that influenced household sugarcane output commercialization in Kwara State of Nigeria using undated data elicited via structured questionnaires complemented with interview schedule from 105 active sugarcane farmers chosen through multi-stage sampling design during the 2017 production season. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical findings showed poor extension services, inadequate credit facilities, failure of the farmers to utilize their social capital, lack of scientific storage facilities and health-related issues to be the major factors that affected sugarcane output commercialization the studied area. Therefore, the study recommended that the farmers in the studied area should be advised to pool their social capital together in order to become economically viable thereby maximizing the pecuniary economic advantages of sugarcane value chain in the studied area.
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FILIN, Sergei A., Aleksandr B. LANCHAKOV, and Indra BATSAIKHAN. "Aspects of commercialization of small nuclear power plants in Russia and Mongolia." National Interests: Priorities and Security 20, no. 11 (2024): 2199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.20.11.2199.
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Subject. The article considers prospects for the development of nuclear energy, global problems of energy supply. Objectives. The aim is to identify the socio-economic efficiency of creation and operation of low-power nuclear power plants. Methods. The study employs methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analysis. Results. We analyzed prospects for the operation of low-power nuclear power plants, revealed their advantages and disadvantages, proposed recommendations to increase the level of usefulness and reduce the cost of low-power nuclear power plants. Conclusions. Small-scale nuclear power plants have the potential to provide a more sustainable and secure energy future for the world.
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Gribov, V. D., and N. A. Lubenets. "Status and trends of venture business revitalization in Russia." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 2-5 (2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67331.
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The article considers the state of the Russian venture business. The advantages of venture capital firms in the commercialization of innovations, it is shown that the venture business enables businesses to market competitive new products and services, often achieving a leading position in its field and to obtain high profits. The directions of the revitalization of the Russian venture business: development of measures to support their state and condition that activates the business angel movement.