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Journal articles on the topic 'Adverbs'
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Amin, Mujid Farihul. "Ciri-ciri dan Jenis Adverbia Pewatas dalam Bahasa Indonesia." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.2.213-222.
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AbstractThe type of borderline adverbs in Indonesian is not just two - as stated in the Indonesian Book Language Book (1993) -, but four. The four types of border adverbs are verb-limiting adverbs, adjective adjuster adverbs, nomina-limiting adverbs, and numerical delimiter adverbs. Although in the discussion we can see a barrier adverb that can be used more than one type, but it will not weaken the description that has been obtained. Keywords: borderline adverbs, Indonesian.IntisariJenis adverbia pewatas dalam bahasa Indonesia bukan hanya dua — seperti dinyatakan dalam Tata Bahasa Buku Bahasa Indonesia (1993) —, melainkan empat. Keempat jenis adverbia pewatas itu adalah adverbia pewatas verba, adverbia pewatas adjektiva, adverbia pewatas nomina, dan adverbia pewatas numeralia. Meskipun dalam pembahasan dapat dilihat adanya adverbia pewatas yang dapat dipakai lebih dari satu jenis, namun hal itu tidak akan melemahkan deskripsi yang telah diperoleh.
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Jóhannsdóttir, Kristín M. "Temporal adverbs in Icelandic: adverbs of quantification vs. frequency adverbs." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 30, no. 2 (December 2007): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586507001734.
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Temporal adverbs can usually be divided into groups. Amongst those are adverbs of quantification, such as often, sometimes and never, and frequency adverbs, such as constantly and regularly. This paper presents some new data that shows that the Icelandic temporal adverb alltaf ‘always’ can be both an adverb of quantification and a frequency adverb. When alltaf modifies a progressive construction its meaning shifts, depending on the aktionsart of the restrictor. When the restrictor is punctual, alltaf functions as an adverb of quantification and has a frequency meaning (X is always happening at the time Y takes place). When the restrictor is durative, alltaf does not quantify over the event, and instead gets a durative meaning, similar to that of stöðugt ‘constantly’ (X happens constantly during the time Y takes place).
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Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "Adverb in Indonesian." Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v11i1.2454.
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This paper is intended to describe the forms and meanings of adverb in Indonesian. Adverbs are “words” that function to specify or locate the proposition expressed within the clause. By this concept, I limit my attention to merely what the so called “extra clausal adverbs”, a categorical concept along with noun, adjective, verb, etc. This concept is fundamentally differentiated from “adverbials”, elements of clause structure along with subject, predicate, object, etc. By using data collected through introspective methods and some extracted from Intisari, and after analyzing them using distributional analysis followed by its continuation techniques (permutation, paraphrase, and comparison), the reasearch found that Indonesian adverbs are formally constructed at least by four kinds of morphological process, i.e. conversion, affixation, reduplication, and compounding. As far as the semantic roles are concerned, they can mainly be classified into four types, i.e adverbs of manner and state, adverbs of modality, adverbs of frequency and quantity, adverbs of time. Finally, the differences that hold among Indonesian adverbs belong to the same semantic types might be related to degree of formality, intensity, politeness, and style of the utturances. AbstrakMakalah ini bertujuan untuk memerikan bentuk dan makna adverbia dalam bahasa Indonesia. Adverbia adalah kata-kata yang berfungsi untuk mengkhususkan atau melokasikan proposisi yang diungkapkan oleh sebuah klausa. Dengan konsep ini, penulis membatasi perhatian pada apa yang selama ini disebut adverbia ekstra klausal, konsep kategori yang sepadan dengan nomina, adjektiva, verba, dsb. Konsep ini secara fundamental dibedakan dengan adverbial, elemen struktur klausa yang sepadan dengan subjek, predikat, objek, dsb. Dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui metode introspektif dan beberapa di antaranya dikumpulkan dari Majalah Intisari, dan setelah menganalisisnya dengan metode distribusional disertai dengan teknik lanjutannya (permutasi, parafrase, dan perbandingan), penelitian menemukan bahwa adverbia bahasa Indonesia sekurang-kurangnya dikonstruksi secara formal dengan proses konversi, afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan pemajemukan. Sementara itu berdasarkan peran semantisnya adverbia bahasa Indonesia dapat dibedakan menjadi adverbia cara dan keadaan, modalitas, keseringan dan kuantitas, dan waktu. Akhirnya adverbia-adverbia yang tergolong ke dalam tipe semantik yang sama memiliki perbedaan dalam hal tingkat keformalan, intensitas, kesantunan, dan ragam tuturan.
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Kobozeva, Irina M. "Adverbs of Evaluation: Correlation of Semantic and Syntactic Properties (The Case of General and Hedonistic Evaluation)." Critique and Semiotics 40, no. 1 (2022): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-90-109.
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Considering evaluation adverbs of Russian expressing two types of evaluation we argue that the syntactic properties of adverbs are determined by their meaning. The hypothesis is that adverbs of general evaluation (the type good – bad) should have more syntactic functions, than the ones of particularized evaluation, and for this purpose adverbs of hedonistic evaluation (e.g. tasty) are studied. We briefly expose the main insights of linguistic-oriented evaluation theory of N. D. Arutyunova, and discuss syntactic functions of хорошо ‘good’, typical of general evaluation adverbs. Section 2 is devoted to adverbs of hedonistic evaluation. We argue that adverbs of the type приятно – неприятно ‘pleasant – unpleasant’ should be excluded from this class, because in their lexical meaning only the general sensory evaluation is fixed, while its specification as hedonistic or psychological is conditioned by syntactic and/or semantic context. We show that hedonistic evaluation adverbs possess lesser number of syntactic functions than general evaluation adverbs. We demonstrate syntactic differences in the degree of acceptability of the explicit experiencer and the implicit causing factor with the hedonistic evaluation adverbs, conditioned by the channel of perception encoded in adverb’s lexical meaning, and give them the cognitive explanation. The results of our analysis bring into question the syntactic criterion of adverbs with floating scope proposed by M. V. Filipenko (2003). According to this criterion the adverbs of taste and smell evaluation should have floating scope because they have predicative function, but as all hedonistic evaluation adverbs they have the fixed scope over the semantic predicate ‘feel’ implicit in their meaning. We argue that the only syntactic property that guarantees the floating scope for an adverb is its ability to govern the subordinate complement clause with the complementizer chto ‘that’.
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Shah, Khanjan Baxi. "Adverbs." JAMA 311, no. 8 (February 26, 2014): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.912.
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BERG, THOMAS. "Adjective phrases with doubly modified heads: how lexical information influences word order and constituent structure." English Language and Linguistics 23, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674317000430.
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This study presents a corpus-based analysis of adjective phrases consisting of a grading element (‘grader’), a deadjectival adverb and an adjectival head. The interest of this pattern derives from the fact that these three constituents can occur in three different orders, as exemplified by more cognitively complex, cognitively more complex and more complex cognitively. The analysis builds primarily on the distinction between domain and non-domain adverbs. ADJPs with domain adverbs have different patterns from ADJPs with other adverbs. Whereas the adverb–grader–adjective order predominates in ADJPs with domain adverbs, the grader–adverb–adjective order is the most frequent type in ADJPs with non-domain adverbs. Within the set of non-domain adverbs, a secondary distinction is made between lexical and more grammatical types. Lexical adverbs are found to preferentially associate with the grader–adverb–adjective order while the more grammatical adverbs gravitate towards the adverb–grader–adjective order. The following five factors account for the empirical results: branching direction, the frequent-unit-first hypothesis, proximity, analogy/uniformity and modifier–head order. Structural representations are argued to draw on lexical information which is not coded by terminal nodes.
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BOUCHAREB, Sonia. "L’EMPLOI EXCLAMATIF DE A QUEL POINT." FRANCISOLA 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v2i2.9403.
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RÉSUMÉ. La locution adverbiale à quel point appartient à une sous-classe particulière d’adverbes appelés adverbes de quantité, tout comme l’adverbe combien, qui sert souvent à la gloser. Cette classification établie à partir du trait sémantique fondamental de degré, permet de présenter les propriétés générales communes aux adverbes de quantité mais non d’en saisir les particularités. L’objectif de ce présent travail est donc d’élaborer une description minutieuse centrée sur à quel point (emploi exclamatif) afin de saisir les spécificités syntaxiques, distributionnelles et sémantiques de ce marqueur exclamatif. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé par induction en rassemblant un corpus attesté, en français contemporain, représentatif des différents emplois exclamatifs de à quel point. L’observation des données rassemblées nous a permis, en autres, de montrer que, bien qu’appartenant à une même classe grammaticale et sémantique (adverbe indiquant le degré), à quel point et combien ont des fonctionnements syntaxiques différents et des sens en emploi fort singuliers. Mots-clés : adverbe, conformité, degré, évaluation, intensité, quantité, seuil.ABSTRACT. It is commonly acknowledged that the adverbial locution à quel point belongs to a particular sub-class of adverbs called quantity adverbs, as the adverb combien, which serves to replace it. This classification, established from the fundamental semantic trait of degree, allows us to display its common general properties to the quantity adverbs but not to fathom its specificities. The aim of the present study is to set up a minute description centered on à quel point (in its exclamatory use) to seize the syntactic, distributional and semantic specificities relative to this marker. In order to achieve this goal, we have proceeded by induction, i.e. by gathering a certified corpus of different exclamatory uses of à quel point in contemporary French. The analysis of the gathered data has allowed us to show that, while belonging to an identical grammatical and semantic class (an adverb indicating the degree), à quel point and combien have different syntactic functioning and very particular meanings in use.Keywords: adverb, conformity, degree, evaluation, intensity, quantity, threshold.
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Cohen, Ariel. "Fronted quantificational adverbs." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.35.2004.222.
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Fronting a noun phrase changes the focus structure of a sentence. Therefore, it may affect truth conditions, since some operators, in particular quantificational adverbs, are sensitive to focus. However, the position of the quantificational adverb itself, hence its informational status, is usually assumed not to have any semantic effect. In this paper I discuss a reading of some quantificational adverbs, the relative reading, which disappears if the adverb is fronted. I propose that this reading relies not only on focus, but on B-accent (fall-rise intonation) as well. A fronted Q-adverb is usually pronounced with a B-accent; since only one element can be B-accented, this means that the scope of the adverb contains no B-accented material, hence no relative readings. Thus, the effects of fronting range more widely than is usually assumed, and quantificational adverbs are a useful tool with which to investigate these effects.
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Swan, Toril. "From Manner to Subject Modification: Adverbialization in English." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 20, no. 2 (December 1997): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500004108.
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The paper discusses the process of adverbialization in English, focusing on one type of adverb, subject-modifier adverbs such as sadly, thoughtfully and pinkly. It is also shown that the -ly suffix in English (unlike its cognates in the other Germanic languages) has become an extremely versatile adverb suffix. Finally, it is argued that in English, the manner adverb category is prototypical, whereas other adverb types, notably subject-modifier adverbs, are less central adverbs.
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Kemp, Lois, and Kees Hengeveld. "English evidential -ly adverbs in the noun phrase from a functional perspective." Open Linguistics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2022-0208.
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Abstract This article addresses the question of how the distribution and role of English evidential -ly adverbs in the noun phrase can be accounted for using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). Both adverbs and adjectives occurring in noun phrases are categorized in various ways. The results of the categorization offer insights into the distribution of these adverbs and adjectives. Four generalizations are arrived at concerning the combination of evidential adverbs and adjectives in noun phrases. First, the lower in the FDG hierarchy the category of an adverb, the less frequent the occurrence of that category in the noun phrase. Thus, higher reportative adverbs are very frequent, and lower adverbs of event perception are very infrequent. Second, evidential adverbs do not modify adjectives that express the speaker’s subjective evaluation of the referent. Third, the higher-level reportative and inferential adverbs modify adjectives expressing permanent properties, whereas the lower adverbs of deduction and event perception do not. Finally, neither restrictiveness nor the evaluative vs descriptive nature of the adjective appears to solely determine the category of evidential modification of the adjective. We furthermore discuss the pragmatic effects of the evidential adverb in the noun phrase, such as distancing, and the stress shift that may accompany it.
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Altabayeva, Elena V., Ivan F. Mazanko, and Sergey I. Scherbina. "To the formation issue of the adverbs of place in the Old Russian language." Neophilology, no. 1 (2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-1-6-15.
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We study formation the issue of the adverbs of place in the Old Russian language in historical aspect. The material for the research is the contexts with adverbs of place, extracted by the method of continuous sampling from the published Old Russian writing monuments. To identify the way of derived adverbs origin and to establish its initial derivational structure, as the main ones in the work there are used derivative and morphemic analyzes in a synchronous environment, as well as elements of contextual analysis, which made possible to identify and clarify the dependence of lexical meaning of the adverb on the context. We establish that the leading way of forming the adverbs of place in the Old Russian language was the prefix; the role of the generating base was played by the primary polysemous adverb, which, because of the meaning of derivative formant, was formed into a new monosemous adverb. We conclude that the reconstruction of real history of the adverbs is possible only on the basis of comparing contexts in connection with each other, on the basis of a derivative analysis of the structure of adverbs in a synchronous cut and on the basis of identifying derivative types of the adverbs in diachrony and synchronicity.
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Petrova, Stefka. "Prepositional Adverbs." Cultural and Historical Heritage: Preservation, Representation, Digitalization 7, no. 1 (2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/issn.2367-8038.2021_1_005.
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Adverbs are one of the most intriguing categories of language in terms of composition, morphological characteristics, syntactic function, origin, usage and others. When we look at the spelling and meanings closely, number of contradictions are found. The paper examines compound adverbs in Bulgarian grammar which are formed with particularly prepositional prefix such as "НА; ОТ; ДО". The examination was carried out according to five dictionaries of the Bulgarian language and based on 20 adverbs from the Official Spelling Bulgarian Dictionary (ОПРБЕ) additionally including other adverbs related to the final goal. Keywords: Adverbs, Composition, Compound Adverbs, Spelling, Usage
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Zhang, Yi. "Chinese adverbs." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 20, no. 2 (December 8, 2022): 330–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00114.zha.
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Abstract The category of adverbs in Chinese, as is its counterpart in English, is featured by morphological, syntactic and semantic heterogeneity. The heterogeneity poses the questions of the categorial coherence and the conflicting criteria in identifying adverbs. This paper starts with the definition of adverbs in Cognitive Grammar and analyzes degree adverbs, temporal adverbs, scope adverbs, manner adverbs, attitude adverbs and negation adverbs in Chinese. It is found that they all profile a relationship with a relational trajector, consistent with the proposal in Cognitive Grammar, but the precise relationship has to be specified. Some adverbs can also serve as mental space builders. Moreover, the morphological and syntactic behaviors of adverbs can be motivated to different degrees by their semantic functions. The paper attempts to establish the categorial status of adverbs. It develops the semantic account of lexical categories and motivates the formal aspects of language from meaning.
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Back, Jae-pa. "Selection of Colloquial Adverbs and Literary Adverbs List." Journal of Yeongju Language & Literature 49 (October 31, 2021): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30774/yjll.2021.10.49.323.
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Noviana, Laurencia. "Error Analysis and Teaching Strategies of Chinese Time Adverbs “Zai” and “Cai” for Indonesian Students." Lingua Cultura 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i2.5390.
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This research aimed at investigating Indonesian students’ mastery of Chinese adverbs zai (再) and cai (才). Modern Chinese adverbs were a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The time adverb of modern Chinese, zai (再) and cai (才), was an adverbial adverb easily misused by Indonesian students because these two adverbs had the same counterpart in Indonesian language. This research conducted a questionnaire survey among 83 Indonesian students in China. The questionnaire was a test about the use of time adverbs zai (再) and cai (才). The sentences that test 10 questions all came from the BCC corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University. After investigation, it is found that Indonesian students’ errors are more obvious. The researcher hopes that it can supplement the research achievements of Indonesian students in learning Chinese adverbs, and arouse more scholars to study the characteristics of learning Chinese adverbs for Indonesian students and promote the development of Chinese language teaching in Indonesia.
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Tagliamonte, Sali A. "Near done; awful stable; really changing." Diachronica 35, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 107–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.16027.tag.
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Abstract This paper examines adverb formation with -ly, e.g., slow/slowly, and uses a large archive of synchronic dialects to uncover the current state and historical trajectory of this process. The results reveal that English adverbs are a variegated system. The intensifying adverb really is a frequent form while sentential adverbs appear to be a newer layer in the system. In contrast, manner adverbs are constrained by the semantic interpretation of the adverb as abstract or concrete. These results expose the complexity of the English adverb system and demonstrate that adverb formation is an ideal site for uncovering historical processes in synchronic data.
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Judžentytė, Gintarė. "Review of semantic research of adverbs of place in Lithuanian." Lietuvių kalba, no. 7 (December 20, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2013.22686.
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Semantic investigations of adverbs of place in Lithuanian started in 1653, when in the first grammar of the Lithuanian language Danielius Kleinas offered a classification of adverbs of place that consisted of four semantic groups: 1) In Loco; 2) De Loco; 3) Per Locum; 4) Ad Locum. This semantic division remained unchanged for over two centuries, i.e. 17th – 18th century.The comparative-historical method that was introduced in the 19th century influenced Lithuanian linguistics and, as a result, such figures as A. Šleicheris, the author of the first theoretical Lithuanian language grammar and F. Kuršaitis, another author of an important grammar volume focused more on the origin of adverbs (of place) rather than their semantics.The 20th century in Lithuanian linguistics had still retained some reverberations of the 19th century, the author of the first standard Lithuanian grammar J. Jablonskis still pays more attention to the origin of adverbs of place and not its meanings.The most significant semantic research of adverbs of place in this century is considered to be K. Ulvydas’ analysis in the academic “grammar of the Lithuanian language” as it was the first one to provide a comprehensive description of what an adverb is in general as well as a definition of an adverb of place. In comparison to other grammars written earlier, this work provides the most extensive semantic classification of adverbs of place; in addition, it provides a detailed account of the meanings of adverbs of place, the overlaps of those meanings, etc.
Along with grammars of Lithuanian, adverbs of place were extensively investigated in other scholarly works. The most important of them is B. Forsman’s monograph “Das baltische Adverb” which, in comparison to other works devoted to Lithuanian adverbs of place, provides a detailed analysis and description of the semantics of adverbs of place in Lithuanian:
1. B. Forssman was the first one to apply the notion of space in the investigation of Lithuanian adverbs of place;
he was the first one to research Lithuanian adverbs of place by naming an object in relation to which the place/location is described;
he was the first one to include the notion of deixis into the history of semantic research of Lithuanian adverbs of place;
he was the first one to distinguish the meanings of Lithuanian adverbs of place according to the manner of localisation and division of space.
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Dimković-Telebaković, Gordana. "Phrase Structure Patterning and Licensing for English and Serbian Speaker-Oriented Adverb Subclasses." Romanian Journal of English Studies 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2016-0013.
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AbstractThis paper attempts to set phrase structure rules for English and Serbian speaker-oriented adverb subclasses. Adverbs are looked at here as specifiers licensed by the semantic feature [ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE]. The results suggest that illocutionary, evaluative and evidential adverbs normally merge within the complementizer layer and the inflectional layer, and that English epistemic adverbs are in most cases preferably integrated into the inflectional layer, whereas Serbian epistemic adverbs tend to occur in the sentence-initial position.
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Blanco, Xavier. "Regroupements sémantiques dans un dictionnaire d’adverbes composés en espagnol." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.24.2.03bla.
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Summary At first, we present semantic grups compiled in the Spanish compound adverbs dictionary. We propose four types of semantic groups : variants, series of (para)synonyms, open adverbs and adverbs organised by lexical functions. Then, we discuss the possibility of using compound adverbs to caracterise semantic classes of verbs in Spanish. Finally, we study some properties of the structures formed by a verb and adverb related or the relationship with structures formed by a predicative noun and adjective.
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Molinier, Christian. "Remarques sur une sous-classe d'adverbes en -ment orientés vers le sujet et leurs adjectifs Sources." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 321–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.9.2.05mol.
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Remarks on a subclass of subject-oriented adverbs and their adjectival sources. The author first intends to describe the syntactic properties of subject-oriented sentence adverbs in -ment, as opposed to subject-oriented manner adverbs in -ment. He then discusses the status of two adjectival paraphrases — related to each other — for the sentences comprising a subject-oriented sentence adverb. He finally identifies on a syntactic basis the class of the adjectival sources of this class of adverbs.
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Kenesbay Kizi, Khabibullaeva Guljakhan, and Seytjanov Jetkerbay Yelubaevich. "SYNTAGMATIC AND PARADIGMATIC PECULARITIES OF ADVERBS IN ENGLISH." American Journal Of Philological Sciences 03, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume03issue01-02.
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Hon Vu, Luu. "A Study Of The Pragmatic Functions Of Modern Chinese Adverbs “Zhen”, “Zhenshi” And “Zhende”." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121054.
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This research used the Modern Chinese Research Corpus System constructed by Beijing Language and Culture University as the corpus source, and analyzed the pragmatic functions of Modern Chinese adverbs “zhen”, “zhenshi” and “zhende” which are located before the predicate and are used as sentence adverbial. The results show that these adverbs have similarities and differences in pragmatic functions. The adverb “zhen” has four pragmatic functions: one is to confirm authenticity, the other is to express subjective evaluation, the third is to express a high degree of authenticity, and the fourth is to make hypotheses. The adverb “zhenshi” has only one pragmatic function, that is, the subjective evaluation function. The adverb “zhende” has two pragmatic functions: one is to confirm authenticity, and the other is to express subjective evaluation. The adverb “zhenshi” and “zhende” can appear together with the degree adverbs “tai” and “hen”, but the adverb “zhen” cannot appear with the degree adverbs. The adverb “zhen” and the adverb “zhende” can be replaced with each other, and the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged after the replacement.
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Killie, Kristin. "On the development and use of appearance/attribute adverbs in English." Diachronica 24, no. 2 (December 21, 2007): 327–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.24.2.05kil.
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It is commonly claimed that in English adjectives denoting colour and other physical properties, referred to here as ‘appearance/attribute’ adjectives, do not give rise to adverbs. This alleged constraint has been related to the fact that the adjectives in question are stative. In this paper I present data which show that appearance/attribute adjectives do give rise to adverbs. To be sure, such ‘appearance/attribute adverbs’ are infrequent and ‘literary’, but they began to be used to some extent in the 19th century, and their frequency has increased considerably during the last two centuries. In fact, in contexts where both adjectives and adverbs are allowed, i.e. in collocation with verbs that do not subcategorize for an adjective or adverb, adverbs have become more frequent than adjectives. This paper discusses what brought about this change, arguing that the crucial mechanism is analogy, and that conditioning factors are the argument structure of the relevant adverbs, the dynamicity of the collocating verb, positional distribution, creativity, and the existence of the same adverb forms with metaphorical meanings. I also argue that the development of appearance/attribute adverbs must be seen in relation to the so called ‘adverbialization process’ which has been sweeping the English language for at least a millennium.
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Anderson, Curt. "Specification of methods and the semantics of method-oriented adverbs." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v4i1.4529.
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Method-oriented adverbs have received comparatively little attention in the semantic literature on adverbs. I shed light on their semantics. These adverbs relate an event from the lexical semantics of their underlying adjective to the matrix event, and do so in a way similar to that of instruments. I use independently motivated event structure decompositions to model the interaction of adverb and verb. This study broadens our understanding of the semantics of adverbs, and how adverbial modifiers interact with the event structure of the verbs they modify.
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Swan, Toril. "A Feast of Senses: Rhetorical Devices in the Prose of Salman Rushdie. With Special Reference to Metaphors and Adverbs." Nordlit 3, no. 2 (October 1, 1999): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2134.
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The paper analyzes Rushdie's rhetorical use of adverbials and metaphors, in particular his rhetorical use of adverbials. The adverbs in question function rhetorically in three, partly overlapping ways. They are frequently metaphorical, and even if strictly literal (i.e. concrete), convey images and sense forms. Secondly, the linking and focusing function of the adverbs is an effective rhetorical device, as prototypical adverb use - focus on or specification of verbal actions and activities - is transformed into a focus on or specification of the subject, while the adverb form (the -ly suffix) ensures a simultaneous link to the verbal action. Finally, Rushdie's adverbs function rhetorically as abbreviated propositions. This use of adverbs is in particular a property of English, and Rushdie exploits it elegantly.
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Park, Hyeson. "Adverbs in a Learner Corpus: Focusing on Predicational Adverbs." Studies in Modern Grammar 2016, no. 87 (February 3, 2016): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2016.87.185.
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Ernst, Thomas. "Semantic features and the distribution of adverbs." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 17 (January 1, 2000): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.17.2000.41.
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This paper proposes that we can predict which adverbs cannot adjoin to the right in headinitial languages by means of a particular semantic property, that of being a "subjective" adverb, one which maps an event or proposition onto a scale with the high degree of indeterminacy and context-dependence. Such adverbs, such as 'probably' or 'luckily', cannot adjoin to the right with non-manner readings, while other adverbs (like 'politically', 'often', or 'deliberately') may. This supports the view that the distribution of adverbs depends heavily, and subtly, on their lexicosemantic properties.
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Chejnová, Pavla. "Acquisition of adverbs and pronominal adverbs in a Czech child." Topics in Linguistics 18, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/topling-2017-0003.
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Abstract This article addresses the acquisition of adverbs in a Czech monolingual boy from speech onset until age 6. This study is based on an analysis of authentic material: a corpus of transcriptions of audio recordings of the child in verbal interaction with adults, and diary records. The acquisition sequence and adverbial type frequency were analysed. The boy acquired adverbs of place first; although direction was acquired before location, location became more frequent. Adverbs relating to time were developed second, and location in time and repetition were the most frequent temporal aspects. Adverbs of degree followed; adverbs related to high degree were more frequently expressed than adverbs related to low degree. Adverbs of manner appeared last, in which adverbs related to a broader evaluative sense prevailed. Adverbs related to cause were manifested mostly by the interrogative proč / why. Interrelation between the acquisition of nominal and verbal categories was found: when the child acquired the category of nominal case and was able to use the construction of preposition + noun, the percentage of adverbs of place decreased. When he acquired the verbal aspect, the percentage of adverbs related to time decreased.
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Miura, Kaori, and Tomohiro Fujii. "Japanese subject-oriented adverbs in a scope-based theory of adverbs." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.4969.
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While English exhibits a clausal-manner alternation that is sensitive to where adverbs occur in clausal structure (e.g., Rudely, John left vs. John left rudely), it has not been clear to what extent Japanese behaves the same way. The present study argues, in the spirit of a scope-based theory of adverb licensing, that there is evidence that the Japanese adverbial system is scope-based similarly to its English counterpart. Focusing on mental attitude adverbs, the paper argues that Ernst’s (2002) generalization holds for Japanese: that subject-oriented adverbs lose their otherwise available clausal readings when pure manner adverbs c-command them in the same clause. The paper also claims that clausal mental attitude adverbs must be clause-mates of Tense, which is not reduced to the scope-based theory.
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Hasselgård, Hilde. "Lexicogrammatical features of adverbs in advanced learner English." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 166, no. 1 (June 8, 2015): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.166.1.05has.
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This paper explores the use of -ly adverbs by Norwegian advanced learners of English compared to that of native speakers. The investigation is based on two corpora of novice academic English: VESPA and BAWE. It considers features of lexis (frequencies, style, meanings, collocational patterns) as well as of syntax, i.e. whether the adverbs function as adjuncts, disjuncts, conjuncts or modifiers in adjective or adverb phrases. The learners make few clear mistakes with adverbs, but there are important frequency differences between the corpora concerning lexical choice and semantic and syntactic functions. Learners overuse adverbs with modal meaning but underuse phrase-modifying adverbs. Most adjunct types are also underused. At several points, the native speakers prove to have a greater lexical repertoire.
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AlShammiry, Khalaf M. J. "Adverbs in Saudi Northern Region Dialect of Arabic (SNRDA)." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n1p128.
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<p>With my belief that there is not a comprehensive theory of adverb position, Iatridou (1990), Bobaljik & Jonas (1996), in this paper, I investigate the morph-syntax and distribution of adverbs in one of the Saudi dialects, Saudi Northern Region Dialect of Arabic (SNRDA); a dialect that is spoken in the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia. I will show that adverbs at least in SNRDA are not descriptively as simple as it is assumed for other dialects of Arabic studied by Nuha (2005) and in the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) investigated by Fassi (1997, 1998). What is interesting in this dialect is that intonation plays role in where the adverbs appear and how they are interpreted; in addition, with the change of the adverb position, there is a change in the meaning. The contribution of this paper is that it discusses adverbs in a dialect which many of its syntactic facts remain largely un-described and adds to our understanding of the syntactic behavior of the adverbs.</p>
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GIEGERICH, HEINZ J. "The morphology of -ly and the categorial status of ‘adverbs’ in English." English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 3 (October 22, 2012): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674312000147.
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I argue in this article that adverb-forming -ly, unlike its adjective-forming counterpart, is an inflectional suffix, that therefore adverbs containing -ly are inflected adjectives and that, consequently, adverbs not containing -ly are uninflected adjectives. I demonstrate that in English, the traditional category Adverb is morphologically non-distinct from the category Adjective in that it has no morphology of its own but instead shares all relevant aspects of the morphology of adjectives. I demonstrate moreover that such an analysis explains various aspects of morphological and phonological behaviour on the part of adverbial -ly which differ from the behaviour of adjectival -ly and/or from the behaviour of derivational suffixes. And I argue that contrary to a recent claim, the syntactic behaviour of adverbs presents no obstacle to the single-category analysis of adjectives and adverbs warranted by the morphology.
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Cichosz, Anna. "Inversion after Clause-Initial Adverbs in Old English: The Special Status of þa, þonne, nu, and swa." Journal of English Linguistics 45, no. 4 (October 6, 2017): 308–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424217733026.
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This study is a corpus-based analysis of clause-initial adverbs and their ability to invert pronominal and nominal subjects in Old English (OE) prose. There is a limited set of adverbs, referred to as “operators” in generative studies of OE syntax, which may cause inversion of personal pronoun subjects; these are þa, þonne, nu, and swa. In this study, numerous differences between the syntactic behavior of these adverbs are revealed, showing that they should not be treated as a syntactically coherent group. The analysis is focused on various factors that have an impact on inversion rates of the adverbs: the presence of the interjection hwæt before the adverb the frequency of correlation, Latin influence on translated texts, information status of the subject, semantic differences and the extra-clausal status of the adverb, as well as diachronic changes within the OE period.
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Цзинь, Лянь. "Comparative analysis of the adverb very and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages." Litera, no. 10 (October 2021): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.10.36569.
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This article describes the similarities and differences between the Russian adverb “very” and the Chinese adverb 很. The object of this research is the adverb very and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages. The subject is the comparative study of the Russian adverb “very” and Chinese adverb 很 from the perspective of their meaning and semantic compatibility. The goal of this article lies in the comparative analysis of the adverbs of extent “very” and 很, determination of their semantic and compatible characteristics. For achieving the set goal, the author employs the descriptive method, comparative analysis, and confirmation by example. The scientific novelty of lies in comparative study of the adverbs of extent “very” and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages based on numerous examples. The author compare the adverbs of extent “very” and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages from the perspective of semantics and compatibility in order to reveal similarities and differences between them. The conducted research of theoretical provisions and linguistic material allows concluding that despite the conjunction of semantics of the adverbs “very” and 很, they cannot be considered equivalent; the use of these adverbs requires taking into account the similarities and differences in the area of semantics and compatibility.
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Sawyer, Joan. "Bifurcating the verb particle construction." Annual Review of Language Acquisition 1 (October 19, 2001): 119–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arla.1.04saw.
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In the literature, John threw the ball up and The baby threw his dinner up have both been treated as members of the set of verb particle constructions (VPC). Syntactic evidence from action nominalizations, insertion of degree adverbials, contrastive stress, and gapped constructions (Fraser, 1976) suggests that the VPC must be bifurcated into two classes: a verb adverb construction (VAC) containing a verb, a complement, and an adverb and a VPC with a verb, complement, and a particle. Literature on the acquisition of the VPC has not taken this distinction into account. This article focuses on the acquisition of the VAC. The patterning on syntactic tests is a result of the fact that adverbs are predicators and particles are not. Additional syntactic tests (initial coordination of adverbs and adverbs+PPs and placing locative adverbs in argument positions) suggest that adverbs (not particles) are phrasal constituents: the adverb takes the apparent object as its subject. The bifurcation of the VPC and the suggested structure are supported by evidence from child language acquisition. Children treat the two constructions differently from the earliest stages. Crucially, the overwhelming error (79%) in VAC use is dropping the grammatical object. The timing of this error corresponds to that of subject drop in the null subject stage.
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Pendit, Ni Putu Meri Dewi. "TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH ADVERBS OF MANNER(-LY)INTO INDONESIAN." Jurnal Santiaji Pendidikan (JSP) 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/jsp.v9i1.177.
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Both English and Indonesian have adverb of manner. This part of sentence is used to describe how how an action occurred or to state how an action was taken. English adverbs of manner can be easly seen from the suffix –ly at the end of the word. In the other hand, Indonesian adverbs of mannerare not only in the form of wordbut also prepositional phrase or clause. Data taken from an Indonesian version of English novel indicated that the English adverbs of manner are translated in various ways into Indonesian. Since there are lots of ways in translating the English adverbs of manner, this study was conducted to see the procedure used to translate the English adverbs of manner into Indonesian in the novel Breaking Dawn and its translation Awal yang Baru.
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Østergaard, Svend. "Adverbs of time." Tidsskrift for Sprogforskning 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2003): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfs.v1i1.41.
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Tansykbayeva, В. А. "REPEATED COMPOUND ADVERBS." Tiltanym, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2021-2-70-78.
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The article discusses the types of analytical method, their word-forming abilities and functions. It is known that the analytical method of creating complex words performs a very productive function in linguistics. The article describes the features of the method of repetition in the formation of complex adverbs of the word-forming system. In the study of complex adverbs, the theory of repeated words in linguistics was taken as a basis. Despite the fact that repeated words were studied in science comprehensively, in word-forming systems of parts of speech, complex words were not fully studied. In the word-forming system of adverbs of the modern Kazakh language, complex repeated adverbs created by the method of repetition are defined, and their features are presented.Complex adverbs created by repeating the same root word in different forms have also been defined. On the basis of compound adverbs conisting of two words, their types are indicated.
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Tansykbayeva, В. A. "Repeated compound adverbs." Tiltanym, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2021-2-68-75.
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The article discusses the types of analytical method, their word-forming abilities and functions. It is known that the analytical method of creating complex words performs a very productive function in linguistics. The article describes the features of the method of repetition in the formation of complex adverbs of the word-forming system. In the study of complex adverbs, the theory of repeated words in linguistics was taken as a basis. Despite the fact that repeated words were studied in science comprehensively, in word-forming systems of parts of speech, complex words were not fully studied. In the word-forming system of adverbs of the modern Kazakh language, complex repeated adverbs created by the method of repetition are defined, and their features are presented.Complex adverbs created by repeating the same root word in different forms have also been defined. On the basis of compound adverbs conisting of two words, their types are indicated.
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Ortigosa Pastor, Ana. "Temporal deictic adverbs." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 1 (November 11, 2003): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.1.06ort.
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Alexiadou, Artemis. "Adverbs across frameworks☆." Lingua 114, no. 6 (June 2004): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00047-0.
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Nilsen, Øystein. "Domains for adverbs." Lingua 114, no. 6 (June 2004): 809–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00052-4.
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Ernst, Thomas. "Speaker-oriented adverbs." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 27, no. 3 (April 21, 2009): 497–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-009-9069-1.
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Zhang, Jing Yan, and Long Hong. "Quantification Research on the Fuzzy Semantics of English Adverbs Based on MMTD." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1308.
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Natural language processing is an important subject in the field of artificial intelligence; one of the key issues is the quantification research on the fuzzy semantics, and the fuzziness of natural language is mostly reflected on the adverbs. This paper presented one new method to quantify the English adverbs. After briefly introducing the Medium Logic (ML) and Measure of Medium Truth Degree (MMTD), commendatory and derogatory were qualitatively described with logical predicates C and C respectively; the truth degree related to C or C of an adverb could be quantitatively calculated by the model proposed based on the existed research achievement of linguistics in this paper. The given computing of frequency adverb and degree adverb shows that above methods to process fuzzy semantics of adverbs is effective.
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Kubota, Ai. "Transforming manner adverbs into subject-oriented adverbs: evidence from Japanese." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 33, no. 3 (April 9, 2015): 1019–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-015-9287-7.
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Kemp, Lois. "English Evidential –ly Adverbs in Main Clauses: A Functional Approach." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 743–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0036.
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Abstract The present paper examines the distribution of English evidential -ly adverb in the scopal hierarchical framework that was presented by Hengeveld and Dall’Aglio Hattnher (2015) in their results of work on Brazilian grammatical evidentials. The analysis will constitute the categorization of eleven English evidential -ly adverb. The results will determine whether the analysis supports Hengeveld and Dall’Aglio Hattnher’s (2015) conclusion that evidential items with multiple meanings occur in adjacent positions within an FDG Level, and that they can occur on two Levels in the FDG framework. The data which was retrieved from recent UK newspaper articles in the BYU NOW corpus (News on the Web), comprise main clauses modified by an evidential -ly adverb. Categorization of the evidential adverbs in the FDG framework was determined by paraphrasing, and by applying diagnostic scope criteria. For the eleven evidential -ly adverbs studied, it is shown that non-reportative evidential adverbs with multiple meanings occur at adjacent FDG layers at the Representational Level, and that two adverbs occur at both the Interpersonal and the Representational Level.
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Kalnača, Andra. "The construction non-prefixed verb + spatial adverb in Latvian." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 8, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2017.8.1.05.
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The status of constructions of the type non-prefixed verb + adverb with regard to expressing aspectuality (iet iekšā ‘to go in’, vērt vaļā ‘to open up’ etc.) is one of the most interesting problems in Latvian aspectology. However, too little attention has been paid in Latvian linguistics to the use of such constructions in sentences, as well as to the lexical (spatial) meanings of adverbs and their syntactic functions. This study aims to fill that gap, taking a closer look at the ways in which constructions of the type non-prefixed verb + adverb are used in sentences, as well as at the semantics of adverbs and their role in expressing verbal aspect.Whether a verb tends to bind with an adverbial modifier of place (a spatial adverb) when used in actual sentences is determined by verb semantics, resp. telicity, and does not have any direct bearing on the imperfective vs. perfective aspect of the verb or vice versa. Besides, adverbs are non-obligatory. The main conclusion of this study then is that the concept ‘construction of the type non-prefixed verb + adverb’ should be used with extreme caution with regard to verb–adverb bindings in sentences. It can, perhaps, be applied, in a very broad sense, to verbs of motion (and other telic verbs), but not to the use of all Latvian verbs in general.Kokkuvõte. Andra Kalnača: Konstruktsioon prefiksita verb + kohamäärsõna läti keeles. Üks läti keele aspektoloogia huvitavamaid küsimusi on konstruktsioonide prefiksita verb + adverb staatus aspekti väljendamisel (nt iet iekšā ‘sisse minema’, celt pāri ‘üle tõstma’). Siiski pole läti keeleteaduses pööratud piisavalt tähelepanu selle konstruktsiooni kasutamisele lauses ega adverbi leksikaalsele, s.o lokaalsele tähendusele ja süntaktilistele funktsioonidele. Tähtis on rõhutada, et lokaalse tähendusega adverbi lausesse liitmise tingib verbi semantika, s.o teelisus. Verbi imperfektiivsusel/perfektiivsusel pole sellega otsest seost, vrd skriet prom – aizskriet prom ‘minema jooksma’. Sealjuures pole adverbi kasutamine koos verbiga kohustuslik; samuti võib adverb liituda prefiksiga verbile. Sellepärast tuleb mõistet “konstruktsioon prefiksita verb + kohamäärsõna” kasutada väga ettevaatlikult, kui juttu on verbi ja adverbi liitumisest lauses. Üldjoontes võib seda mõistet kasutada liikumis verbide (ja teiste teeliste verbide) kohta, aga mitte kõigi läti keele verbide kohta, sest läti keele verbide ja adverbide kasutamine lauses ei ole grammatiseerunud ei konstruktsioonide ega eraldiseisvate vormidena.Märksõnad: verbi aspekt; teelisus; adverb; liikumisverb; prefiksita/prefiksiga verb
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Epoge, Napoleon. "Nativization of English among L2 learners." Globe: A Journal of Language, Culture and Communication 13 (December 21, 2021): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ojs.globe.v13i.7046.
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In the discussion of Postcolonial Englishes, Cameroon English is a well-known variety, yet many of its features have not been fully described. One of these features is adverbs and their syntactic positioning. Hence, the present paper aims to show that the input-oriented feature specifications of adverbs and their syntactic positioning have undergone certain innovation processes in Cameroon English. These innovations include placement of adverbials to permit the SVAO information structure, employment of adjectives ending in -ly as adverbs, formation of adverbs from nouns by adding the suffix –ly, substitution of adjectives for adverbs, placement of adverbials after the verb in verb + long object clause, placement of an adverb modifying a participle after the word it modifies, and placement of adverbials of time between the subject and verb. The paper argues that the motivation behind novel adverbs as well as novel syntactic positioning of adverbs stems from the co-existence of English and many other languages in the linguistic ecology of Cameroon. The innovations can be codified into a variety-specific grammar of Cameroon English in its construction and semiotization of Cameroonians’ sense of socio-cultural and linguistic identity.
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Horiguchi, Daiki. "Priedēkļa un adverba atbilsme konstrukcijā „bezpriedēkļa verbs + adverbs” latviešu valodā." Valoda: nozīme un forma / Language: Meaning and Form 7 (October 4, 2016): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/vnf.7.3.
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Toxir Qizi, Nazarova Shaxnoza. "DEFINITION AND LEXICAL GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF ADVERBS." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-10-16.
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Since the emergence of the science of linguistics, the issue of word classification has attracted the attention of experts, and discussions on this topic are still ongoing. If we observe the history of word groups, we can see that in the classification of Indians, Arabs, and Greeks, first of all, words important for speech - verbs and nouns - were separated. More precisely, the primitive classification of words, both in the East and in the West, is mainly three groups: words that indicate action (verb), words that name something (such as a thing, sign, quantity, action, state) (noun /name) and consisted of words (auxiliary words) that do not belong to these two groups. Later, as a result of scientific research conducted in this field, the boundaries and scope of word groups were determined, classification symbols of each group were developed. However, it should also be mentioned that, as in nature and society, words undergo evolution - the development of meaning. The transition of a word from one family to another sometimes takes centuries, and this, in turn, creates ongoing problems in the classification of words.