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Journal articles on the topic 'Adversative conjunction'
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Shirazi, Masoumeh A., and Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Nadoushani. "The Locus of Adversative Conjunctions in the Research Articles." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401770094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017700946.
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This study is an endeavor to find how English native and nonnative EFL/ESL (English as foreign language/English as second language) writers use adversative conjunctions to connect ideas together so that texts have both coherence and cohesion. Regarding the problems nonnative writers of EFL face when composing a piece of writing, we attempted a qualitative study through compiling a stack of 200 articles written by the two groups. The research design concerned the content analysis of research articles and descriptive statistics showing the frequency of occurrences of modals in the data. The findings indicated that the number of proper and correction adversatives exceeded those of contrastive and dismissal; the statistically significant difference between two groups lay in the use of proper and correction adversative conjunction, whereas the two groups showed little or no difference in the usage of contrastive or dismissal adversatives. These findings can help material writers, EFL/ESL teachers, and learners to appreciate the significant roles adversative conjunctions play in writing.
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Kapatsinski, Vsevolod. "Adversative conjunction choice in Russian (no, da, odnako): Semantic and syntactic influences on lexical selection." Language Variation and Change 21, no. 2 (July 2009): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394509990068.
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AbstractThis article presents a multivariate analysis of adversative conjunction choice (among no, da, and odnako) in Russian, drawing implications for sentence production and semantic theory. The two main factors shown to influence conjunction choice are the types of the conjoined constituents and the semantic subtype of the adversative relation. One of the conjunctions, da, is favored when the conjoined elements are of different syntactic types and disfavored when they are of the same type, which is argued to suggest that the conjunction is chosen at a point in sentence production when the types of both of the conjoined constituents are known (Uryson, 2006). In addition, the conjunction da is heavily favored by the “preventive” adversative meaning (Sannikov, 1989:177; Serebrjanaja, 1976), as in I would go but I don't have the money. This quantitative meaning-construction association is argued to support the view that the preventive adversative is a distinct semantic subtype of adversativity (Payne, 1985; contra Foolen, 1991:84).
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Rutten, Gijsbert. "From adverb to conjunction and back." Diachronica 29, no. 3 (October 10, 2012): 301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.3.02rut.
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In late Middle Dutch, the temporal adverb dan “then” grammaticalized into an adversative coordinator (“but”), which remained in use up to the nineteenth century. This paper investigates how adversative dan can be deduced from earlier usages and why it later disappeared. The paper’s first part discusses how temporal dan developed an exclusive function (“except”), from which the adversative use is derived. Semantic maps are used to represent the development, and to make clear similarities and differences with German and English cognates of dan (dann/denn and than/then respectively). The second part reports corpus studies of seventeenth and eighteenth-century letters and diaries, showing text type and frequency effects on the use of adversative dan, which led to its disappearance. This will be interpreted as a peculiar case of degrammaticalization, lacking semantic enrichment and syntactic flexibilization which normally accompany degrammaticalization. The case of dan suggests that text type and frequency are important factors in (de)grammaticalization.
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Rini, Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia. "Kuseni Conjunction in Japanese Language." IZUMI 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.9.1.104-111.
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Kuseni is a a conjunction used to connect contradicting clauses which is called gyakusetsu no setsuzokushi in Japanese. This study aims to determine how the structure and meaning of kuseni conjunction is in Japanese sentences. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive research. Kuseni is an adversative conjunction that connects contradictory clauses that contain criticism or reproach. Kuseni can be in the middle and at the end of a sentence, and can be attached to the class of verbs, nouns and adjectives in a sentence.
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SCHWENTER, SCOTT A. "Discourse markers and the PA/SN distinction." Journal of Linguistics 38, no. 1 (March 2002): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226701001232.
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Many languages have two types of adversative sentence conjunctions (e.g. Spanish, German). These are normally referred to as PA and SN conjunctions. However, while PA conjunctions can be used as discourse markers (DMs) in dialogal discourse, SN conjunctions such as those found in Spanish and German cannot be used in dialogues. Thus the PA/SN distinction does not extend fully to the dialogal realm. Using data from another Spanish DM, I argue that the PA/SN distinction can be extended beyond the monologal realm of sentence conjunction to the realm of adversative discourse markers employed in dialogal discourse. The findings have implications for the question of functional equivalence across different types of discourse.
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Seagal, K. Ya. "RUSSIAN ADVERSATIVE CONJUNCTION «ZATO» (“BUT”) AND AXIOLOGICAL STYLISTICS (ON THE MATERIAL OF M.A. SHOLOKHOV’S NOVELS)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-2-212-220.
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The article focuses on the Russian adversative conjunction «zato» (“but”) as an axiological marker and its stylistically significant use in M.A. Sholokhov’s novels «And quiet flows the Don» and «Virgin soil upturned». The article also puts forward the concept of «axiological stylistics». It is noted that axiological stylistics describes the techniques which facilitate the participation of evaluation linguistic units in the expression of certain expressive intentions. It is shown that in M.A. Sholokhov’s novels «And quiet flows the Don» and «Virgin soil upturned» the adversative conjunction «zato» (“but”) is used as a polysemous function word, and the most productive semantics of compensation involves switching of evaluation both from «-» to «+» and from «+» to «-», although the first evaluation model prevails. Based on this semantics alone, the adversative conjunction «zato» (“but”) participates in the creation of six techniques of axiological stylistics.
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Silvennoinen, Olli O. "From constructions to functions and back: Contrastive negation in English and Finnish." Folia Linguistica 54, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 45–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2027.
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AbstractThis is a comparative investigation of contrastive negation in English and Finnish, i. e. combinations of a negated and an affirmed part construed as alternatives to one another. In both languages, there are several constructions that express contrastive negation, but their division of labour remains unclear. The aims of the paper are two-fold: first, to see what constructional strategies are available for contrastive negation in the two languages and, second, to see how the strategies are motivated by its interactional functions. In English, contrastive negation may be expressed by using the adversative conjunction but correctively (e. g. It’s not the bikers but the other vehicle on the road), whereas standard Finnish has a specialised corrective conjunction vaan alongside the adversative mutta. Moreover, many constructions can express contrastive negation, including ones without a conjunction (e. g. It’s not the bikers, it’s the other vehicle on the road). An analysis of conversational data shows that English favours constructions without conjunctions, while in Finnish constructions both with and without conjunctions are frequent. The uses of contrastive negation are divided into reactive and non-reactive. The pragmatic functions largely explain the usage patterns, and these in turn can explain the cross-linguistic regularities of corrective conjunctions.
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Tran Thi, Tham. "A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH OF PARENTING STYLE TO PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." Journal of Science Educational Science 65, no. 12 (December 2020): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2020-0119.
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This study adopted a mixed method integrating corpus techniques and error analysis to investigate Vietnamese EFL learners’ use of conjunction in English writing. The participants were ten-graders of a Hanoi-based high school. The results showed that additive and causal conjunctions were the most frequently used types, and the students encountered challenges mostly in using adversative and causal conjunctions. Besides, omission and misformation are the most common types of errors in the learners’ use of conjunction. Both interference from first language and intra-lingual factors were found to be the sources of the learners’ errors. Finally, several implications for teaching and learning conjunctions in Vietnamese high school context were drawn.
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Фролова, Ю. И., and Л. Н. Лунькова. "Lexical-Syntactical Oppositivity as a Tool of Expressing Evaluation in a Literary Text (on the basis of a short story “The Butterfly and the Tank” by E. Hemingway)." Иностранные языки в высшей школе, no. 2(53) (September 17, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.53.2.023.
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В статье рассматривается взаимообусловленность категорий оценки и оценочности в рамках функционально-семантического анализа художественного текста на материале рассказа Э. Хемингуэя “The Butterfly and the Tank” («Мотылёк и танк»). Феномен оценки исследуется в контексте противительных средств его реализации. Особое внимание уделяется выявлению потенциала оценочности различных противительных единиц лексико-синтаксического уровня, а также роли оценочных конструкций в манифестации авторского замысла. В результате исследования установлено, что противительный союз but, включающий в себя гипотетическую оценку, наряду с противительным союзом and, усиливают оценочность в сочетании с такими элементами лексической противительности, как прямые и контекстуальные антонимы, конструкции-интенсификаторы, средства художественной выразительности (эпитеты, метафоры и т. д.). Выявлено, что противопоставления с союзом and характеризуются меньшей частотностью употребления в сравнении с конструкциями, маркированными союзом but. Причиной этого является очевидное доминирование в этом союзе присоединительной семантики над противительной. Кроме того, выявлено, что противопоставления с различными противительными союзами, дополненные элементами лексической противительности, выражают оценочность в тех случаях, когда этого требует идейное содержание текста. Они интенсифицируют художественную выразительность произведения, подчеркивая основные смыслообразующие оппозиции на уровне образов-символов. The article discusses the interconditionality of the assessment and evaluation categories within the framework of functional-semantic analysis of a literary text. The assessment phenomenon is examined in the context of oppositive means of its realization. Particular attention is given to the detection of evaluation potential of various oppositive units on the lexico-syntactical level as well as to the role of evaluation constructions in the author’s message manifestation. The study establishes that the adversative conjunction but, including hypothetical assessment, along with the adversative conjunction and increase evaluation, together with such elements of lexical oppositivity as direct and contextual antonyms, intensifying constructions, expressive means (epithets, metaphors etc.). It is revealed that oppositions with the conjunction and are characterized by a lower frequency of use compared to constructions, marked with the conjunction but. This is explained by the obvious domination of conjunctive semantics over the oppositive one in the semantic tissue of the conjunction. The study also establishes that oppositions with various adversative conjunctions, supplemented with elements of lexical oppositivity, express evaluation in those cases, when the artistic idea requires it. They intensify the artistic expressiveness of a literary work, emphasizing the main meaningful oppositions on the level of symbolicimages. The paper examines the short story “The Butterfly and the Tank” by E. Hemingway.
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Sipayung, Kammer Tuahman, Syahron Lubis, Edi Setia, and Roswita Silalahi. "Explicitation and Implicitation of Conjuctive Relation in Target Text of Principle Language Learning and Teaching(PLLT)." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v2i1.66.
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Explicitation, implicitation and meaning change are the kinds of cohesion shift which is the important topic to investigate in translation. The confirmation of explicitation and implicitation translation process and its devices that is adopt by Noor Cholis and Yusi Avianto Pareanom in translating conjuction activites between sentences and clauses from English (ST) to Bahasa (TT). The data of this research are several conjuction which is appear in every chapter from Principle of Language Learning Language. To prove the hypothesis of explicitation based on Blum-Kulka (1986) is also the aim of this research then the analysis about conjuntive relation is done based on Haliday and Hasan (1976). The result of this reaserach shown us that 1) The hypotheis is positive or the portion of explicitation is bigger (63,52%), Implicitation (28,93%), meaning change (7,54%). 2) Addition is 16 devices and omision 24 devices of conjuction are adopted by the translator. 3) translators applied explicitated to the four types of conjuction such as: additive (39,60% ), adversative (26,73% ), causal (10,89% ) and temporal (22,77%) and implicitated to the four types of conjuction additive (26,08% ), adversative (39,13% ), causal (23,91% ) and temporal (10,86%) while the meaning change on additive (66,66% ), adversative (33,33% ), causal (0% ) and temporal (0%). From the finding above, it is described that additive conjunction potrayed more explicit than other and adversative conjunction more implicit than the other while additive conjunction experiences more meaning change than the other types of conjuction.
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Komlyk, N. Yu. "English proverbs as explicators of coordinate phrases with the adversative conjunction but and the cumulative conjunction and." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 3 (341) (2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-3(341)-60-66.
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This article is an attempt to a new look at the role of coordinate phrases in communication. The object of the research is English proverbs as representations of coordinate syntactic connection and the subject is coordinate phrases that are realized in them. The article presents a brief history of the study of coordinate phrases in English. The author made a comparative analysis of the views of domestic and foreign linguists on the problem of distinguishing coordinate phrases in the language. She distinguishes such differential signs of coordinate phrases in English: the equality of components, the uniformity of the syntactic function of all components, the integrity of the structure, the implementation of the connection between components with the help of coordinate conjunctions, the order of words and intonations. The expression of coordinate phrases with the adversative conjunction but and cumulative conjunction and in English proverbs was studied. Their semantic space and formal-grammatical features also were analyzed. The author revealed about 12 specific realizations of the semantic volume of coordinate phrases with the cumulative conjunction and 5 variants of opposing semantic-syntactic relations with the adversative conjunction but in paremias. After the analysis, the author concludes that the peculiarity of coordinate phrases with conjunction but is their relatively larger semantic and grammatical dependence on the whole sentence – proverb than in the coordinate phrases with and, which can function independently without a sentence, although in some cases their conceptual fullness is also realized only in a general judgment. Coordinate phrases, being carriers of a certain semantic volume, act as key concepts of proverbs.
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Andani, Melly, Rohmana Rohmana, and La Miliha. "THE USE OF CONJUNCTION IN STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT SECOND GRADE OF SMAN 1 TONGKUNO." Journal of Teaching English 4, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jte.v4i4.13971.
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This research aims to investigate the types of conjunctions and the accurately use of conjunction in students’ writing. This research was conducted in SMAN 1 Tongkuno. The instrument of this research was students’ writing that focused on recount text. This research employed descriptive qualitative design. The population of this research was the second-grade students of SMAN 1 Tongkuno. The sample of this research is the second-grade students of SMA N 1 Tongkuno consist of 20 students. The researcher collected the data by asking the students to write their personal recount. The technique of data analysis in this study was descriptive analysis, while to analyze the accuracy of conjunction the researcher used criteria of correctness in cohesion that consist of the use of conjunction on students’ writing. The result shows that all of types of conjunction exist in students writing, additive conjunction is the most frequently conjunction used in students’ writing, followed by temporal conjunction, then causal conjunction, and the last adversative conjunction. The accuracy of conjunction used by students on their writing contribute highly because mostly the second-grade students of SMAN 1 Tongkuno use conjunction accurately. Keywords: Conjunction, Recount Text, Writing
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Suryatin, Eka. "PERANTI KONJUNGSI DALAM “18 KISAH ORANG BANJAR” KARYA SUPIANI." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v14i1.1134.
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This paper discusses the use of Indonesian language and Banjar language conjunctions in “18 Banjarese Stories”. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of Indonesian language and Banjar language conjunction devices in “18 Banjar Stories”. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research uses an observation method. The data collection techniques are note taking and analyzed with distributional method. The data are sentences or discourse quotation containing conjunction device in “18 Banjar Stories”. The data source of this study is taken from the book of “18 Stories of Banjar people by Supiani, S.Pd. published by Hemat Amuntai, consist of 77 pages in 2016. The results show that the use of conjunction device found in Banjar language are as follows: comparison conjunction devices “as if” (tunang kaya), and “like” (kaya), temporal conjunction devices, “after” (imbah), “then” (lalu), after that (imbahnitu), additive conjunction devices “other than” (salain nangitu), “and” (lawan), adversative conjunction devices (contrast) “but” (tapi), conditional conjunction device “because” (sabab) and exemplifying conjunction device “if” (mun). Meanwhile, the use of Indonesian conjunction devices found in the book “18 Banjar Stories” are additive conjunction device “and” (dan), corrective conjunction device “or” (atau), and temporal conjunction devices “after” (setelah), “then” (lalu), and “next time” (kemudian).Key word: conjunction, discourse, Banjar Language
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Ambalegin, Ambalegin, and Tomi Arianto. "CONJUNCTIVE RELATIONS IN EFL LEARNERS’ WRITINGS AND NEWSWEEK’S ARTICLES." IdeBahasa 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/idebahasa.v1i1.6.
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This study investigated the conjunctive relation use theorized by Halliday & Matthiessen (2014) in the EFL learners’ writings of Putera Batam University and articles Newsweek magazines printed in 1998. This descriptive qualitative study found out the frequency of the semantic categories of conjunctive relation namely adversative, additive, temporal, and causal types used to link the words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs semantically and logically in both writings. Method of identification is used to collect the data from 42 essay writings and 24 articles. This study used distributional method to analyze whereas they were selecting, sorting, categorizing, and differencing ways to get the each type of conjunction. Results of the study showed that the EFL learners’ writings appeared and as the most frequent and but was the most frequent appearance in Newsweek’s articles. Newsweek’s articles used 33 different items of conjunctive relation meanwhile the EFL learners’ writings used 26 different items of conjunctive relation. The adversative type (48, 91%) is the dominant frequency in the Newsweek’s articles and the additive type is dominant frequency in the EFL learners’ writings. EFL learners did not apply a various types of conjunctive relations but the Newsweek’s articles did. In addition, EFL learners used too over and as found 546 times in their writings.
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CAIN, KATE, NIKOLE PATSON, and LEANNE ANDREWS. "Age- and ability-related differences in young readers' use of conjunctions." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 4 (November 2005): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905007014.
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Two studies investigating young readers' use of conjunctions are reported. In Study One, 145 eight- to ten-year-olds completed one of two narrative cloze tasks in which different types of conjunction were deleted. Performance for additive conjunctions was not affected by age in this study, but older children were more likely to select the target conjunction than were younger children for temporal, causal, and adversative terms. Performance was superior in the cloze task in which they were given a restricted choice of responses (three vs. seven). In Study Two, 35 eight- and nine-year-old good and poor comprehenders completed the three-choice cloze task. The poor comprehenders were less likely to select the target terms in general. Sentence-level comprehension skills did not account for their poor performance. The results indicate that understanding of the semantic relations expressed by conjunctions is still developing long after these terms are used correctly in children's speech. The findings are discussed in relation to the role of conjunctions in text comprehension.
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Wang, Ruzhen. "THE PARTICLE “БЫ” IN SENTENCES WITH ADVERSATIVE RELATIONS EXPRESSED BY THE CONJUNCTION “НО”." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 3 (March 2019): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.3.40.
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Rahma, Eriska Novita, and Endratno Pilih Swasono. "Grammatical Cohesion in the Short Story “Tanya’s Reunion” by Valarie Flournoy." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2017.8.1.60-70.
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This study investigatesthe types of grammatical cohesion and the frequency of grammatical cohesionin the short story “Tanya’s Reunion” By Valarie Flournoy. The study investigation is based onHasan and Halliday theory of Grammatical Cohesion. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method.The data of this study were taken from the short story entitled “Tanya’s Reunion” in the forms ofwords, phrases, clauses, and sentences.In this study, the researcher is the key instrument who interprets the data. The result of the analysis shows that grammatical cohesion found in the short story “Tanya’s Reunion” are reference – personal reference, demonstrative reference, and comparative reference; substitution – nominal substitution and verbal substitution; ellipsis – nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis; and conjunction – additive conjunction, adversative conjunction, causal conjunction, and temporal conjunction, meanwhile, clausal substitution is not found in this short story.
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Hye-Kyung Lee. "Adversative conjunction and implicature: How do ordinary people perceive the relation between the two?" Discourse and Cognition 16, no. 1 (April 2009): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15718/discog.2009.16.1.83.
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Muhammad Yunus Anis, Ticha Fauziyatul Anwar,. "TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN UNSUR KOHESI GRAMATIKAL KONJUNGSI PADA NOVEL FĪ SABĪLI A'T-TĀJ." Jurnal CMES 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.11.2.28596.
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This research will elaborate deeply about the variant of conjunction in Arabic language and its techniques of translation. The investigating of translation techniques had the significant role in the process of translation. The translation problems had been found in the process of translation, especially related to the arabic conjunction. The analysis of variant techniques of translation towardsthe arabic conjunction can be investigated by the theory of gramatical equivalence between Arabic (L1) and Bahasa Indonesia (L2). This research aims to elaborate comprehensively about the variant construction of cohesive conjunction in Arabic language and its variant models of translation into Bahasa Indonesia. The second aim of this research is to investigate the techniques of translation toward the construction of cohesive conjunctions, especially in the Arabic prose Fi Sabiili At-Taaj which had been translated by Choirul Anwar into Bahasa Indonesia as "Ambisi Meraih Mahkota" published by Fajar Pustaka (2001). This research had been classified as descriptive qualitative model. The data had been classified using the random sampling method. The result of the research had been concluded that: (1) the Arabic adversative conjunctions had been translated into "tidak", "tetapi", and "bahkan" in Bahasa Indonesia. (2) the Arabic additive conjunctions had been translated into "dan", "lalu", and "maupun" in Bahasa Indonesia. (3) the Arabic temporal conjunctions had been translated into "kemudian" and "akhirnya" in Bahasa Indonesia. (4) the Arabic causal conjunctions had been translated into "sehingga" and "sampai" in Bahasa Indonesia. (5) several techniques had been implemented in the translations of Arabic novel FiiSabiili At Taaj, such as: literal, reduction, discursive creation, linguistic amplification, established equivalence, transposition, linguistic compression, and calque.
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Makartsev, Maxim. "Grammaticalization of Progressive Aspect in a Slavic Dialect in Albania." Journal of Language Contact 13, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 428–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10012.
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Abstract The article focuses on two markers of progressive aspect that are emerging in a Balkan Slavic dialect in Albania, presumably under Albanian influence. One of them dates back to locative (ǵe ‘where’). Two processes intertwine on the grammaticalisation path of the other (toko): originally an adversative conjunction (‘but’), it was structurally mapped to its polysemic (adversative, but also affirmative, progressive, conditional) Albanian counterpart po. At the same time, its choice to mark progressive was additionally motivated by the phonetic similarity with another Albanian progressive marker duke. In the first third of the 20th century both markers were used as synonyms. However, during the subsequent process of language attrition the language community in question split into three groups regarding the use of the markers: of the last six remaining speakers one speaker used only ǵe as an optional marker; one speaker used toko as an optional marker; four other speakers used toko as a regular progressive marker.
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Inoue, Aya. "From Exclusive Particle to Adversative Conjunction: A Study on the Particle tasol in Tok Pisin." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 33, no. 1 (November 5, 2007): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v33i1.3530.
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Afrianto, Afrianto. "GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN STUDENTS' WRITING: A CASE AT UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v2i2.899.
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This research aims at investigating the type of cohesive devices in students’ writing as a part of discourse analysis. Thus, it explores sentence correlation and meaning as a whole discourse and figures out inappropriate use of the devices.This research is conducted qualitatively to the students of English Letters of Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Bandar Lampung and employs Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) conceptual framework. Further, examining the grammatical cohesion through document, this research deeply looks at the data in form of sentences. The researcher found 122 grammatical cohesive devices from three essays. Furthermore, the researcher also found 5 inappropriate uses of cohesive devices; it includes 2 additive conjunctions, 2 adversative conjunctions, and 1 temporal conjunction. It is also noted that the lacking understanding and awareness about cohesion especially on grammatical cohesion leads the students to use inappropriate cohesive devices. It then problematizes the semantic relation among ideas in the text. Thus, this research comes up with a feedback to the lecturer that the discussion of coherence and cohesion should be more intensive.
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Tambunan, Rika Wahyuni, Ridwan Hanafiah, and Umar Mono. "GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN THAI CAVE RESCUE NEWS IN INTERNATIONAL NEWSPAPERS." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v4i1.6929.
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This research aimed to identify the types of grammatical cohesion, as well as to describe the realizations of grammatical cohesion used in international newspapers. The data of this research were clauses, phrases, and words. This study departed from the theory of grammatical cohesion from Halliday & Hasan (1976) and the theory of conjunctive system by Halliday & Matthiesen (2014). The sources of data were Thai Cave Rescue news in British Broadcasting Corporation, Russia Today, France 24, Voice of America and China Central Television newspapers. The method used in this research was qualitative. It provided the types that reference (43%) was predominant with personal and comparative reference, was realized by anaphoric and cataphoric. Conjunction (42%) with the additive, temporal, adversative, matter, clarifying, conditional, varying and cause conjunction, was realized by the conjunctive system. Substitution (10%) with nominal and verbal substitution was realized by replacing one item by another. Ellipsis (5%) with clausal and nominal ellipsis, was realized by eluding a noun, verb or clause and recovering it by referring to an element in the preceding text. The finding revealed that the news texts seldom use other types of the grammatical cohesion especially the use of ellipsis and substitution which were possible to be used in writing because most researchers stated that both ellipsis and substitution were commonly found in speaking.Keywords:grammatical cohesion, Thai cave rescue news, international newspaper
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Yulianto, Eko. "GRAMMATICAL COHESION CONJUNCTION OF 99 CAHAYA DI LANGIT EROPA NOVEL BY HANUM SALSABIELA RAIS AND RANGGA ALMAHENDRA." Hortatori : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 4, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 09–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jh.v4i1.312.
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Abstract: This article contains the results of research on discourse analysis of 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa which is one of the best-selling novel in Indonesia. In addition to positioning the novel as a literary work, also need to analyze the novel in terms of linguistics. The purpose of this study was to determine the grammatical cohesion contained in the novel, specifically the conjuncture grammatical cohesion.This study uses qualitative content analysis techniques, sampling by way of reduction of the content of the novel. This research analyzes the use of grammatical conjunctions cohesion on the novel, which consists of grammatical cohesion adversative conjunctions, temporal, causal, and additives. The results of sample of 90 paragraphs, consisting of 263 pairs of sentences, 23 (8.75%) pairs of sentences were found to have conjunctural grammatical cohesion, and 240 (91.25%) sentences that didn’t have conjunctural grammatical marker relationships. Keywords: discourse, cohesion, conjunctions, novel.
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Geraldine, Vincensia. "ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF CONJUNCTION IN STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT VOCATIONAL STATE SCHOOL 41 JAKARTA." Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 2 (2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2018.v6i2.2488.
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This research is conducted to find out the conjunction usage within the students’ writing assignments of vocational state school. The aims of this research are to find out the common errors on the use of conjunction in their writing, investigate types of errors that occur most frequently in students’ writing proposed by Ong in Taxonomy Cohesion, and categorizing the causes of errors using the theory proposed by Richard. The research discussed about error analysis on the use of adversative (but), additive (and), and causal (because, so) in students’ writing. This research used the qualitative method and the data source comes from the tenth-grade students’ assignments. The result of this research shows that the common errors in the use of conjunction in students’ writing were a conjunction and, followed by but, so, and because. Furthermore, frequent types of error occurred in the text error of misuse is the most types of errors occur within the students’ writing assignments and then followed by the error of redundant repetition, omission, and unnecessary addition. There are three causes of errors, which are; incomplete application of rules, ignorance of rules restriction, and over-generalization. The errors of misuse and omission found out in the data, is most likely caused by the incomplete application of rules. The error of unnecessary addition and redundant repetition were caused by the ignorance of rules restriction and over-generalization.
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Repnina, T. V. "Integral nonprototypical conditional and imperative constructions in Catalan (in comparison with Spanish and French)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-1-142-150.
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This article examines one type of constructions that can express both conditional and imperative meanings. They represent complex sentences, the first part of which expresses a condition and urging and the second, the consequence with future reference. It is important to distinguish constructions of this type from prototypical imperative conditional constructions built as complex sentences, in which the condition is introduced by a subordinate clause with a conjuction meaning if and the conseqence verb is encoded for the imperative. The aim of this article is to identify, describe, and analyze the main types of integral nonprototypical conditional-and-imperative constructions, as well as the relevant conjunctions, tenses, and moods used in Catalan as compared to Spanish and French. While nonprototypical conditional / imperative constructions are actively studied in many languages, they have been apparently barely touched upon in Catalan. Our analysis revealed the following types of integral nonprototypical conditional / imperative constructions with: imperatives in the first clause; imperative verbs and verb periphrases in the first clause; a nominal phrase in the first clause; the conjunction or repeated in both clauses; present indicatives in the first clause and the conjunction and between two parts. The use of conjunctions meaning and (i (Cat.), y (Es.), et (Fr.)), or (o (Cat.), o (Es.), ou (Fr.)), as well asotherwise (si no (Cat.), si no (Es.), sinon (Fr.)) coincide. Only conjunctions meaning if are conditional in their basic meaning; conjunctions and, or, and otherwise are coordinating: and is copulative (it shows conditional meaning in the constructions addressed), or is delimiting, and otherwise adversative, with the latter two signaling negative condition in the targeted constructions. The research was conducted by the following methods: sampling, classification, description, contrastive and transformational analysis, and synthesis. The examples used were borrowed from texts by Catalan authors with their Spanish and French translations that were analyzed and classified. The whole sample of the conditional constructions analyzed is over 1000 examples for each of the three languages.
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Priyatmojo, Arif Suryo. "Cohesion and Coherence of Students’ Recount Texts in Indonesia." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i2.29003.
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This study aimed at analyzing the cohesion and coherence of recount texts and their implication to teaching writing. The data was fifteen recount texts which were non-randomly chosen from the first-grade students of high school in Central Java, Indonesia. This was qualitative research employing cohesion theory by Halliday and Hasan (1976) and thematic progression proposed by Butt et al. (1995). The result of this research showed that most of the cohesive devices employed by the students were personal reference with 58.11%; demonstrative reference and definite article with 7.18%; comparative reference with 0.93%), lexical (repetition 22.21%; synonym 0.66%; superordinate 0.13%), conjunction (temporal conjunction 7.45%; adversative conjunction: 1.33%; additive conjunction 1.06%; causal conjunction 0.66%), and ellipsis with 2%. The presuppositions of the presupposed items and presupposing items were achieved anaphorically and cataphorically; most of them were anaphoric. The distances of the presuppositions were in the forms of immediate ties, mediated ties, and non-mediated ties. Furthermore, immediate ties occurred extensively. Based on the analysis, most of the texts were cohesive due to the achievement of presupposing and presupposed items in every sentence of the texts. Then, coherence of the students’ recount texts was achieved by employing three kinds of patterns: reiteration/ constant, zig-zag, and multiple thematic progression patterns. Most of the texts were developed by using a reiteration/ constant pattern. Based on the analysis, most texts were not coherent because of the unrelated clauses. As the result, they broke the signposted progression of the texts. The finding was expected to possibly contribute to the process of teaching writing by encouraging the students to create a good text in a cohesive and coherent way.
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Lai, Qing, and Xia Guo. "Semantic relations and prosodic features of ranhou in spontaneous Mandarin conversation." Forum for Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (September 6, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v3i1.1250.
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Ranhou ‘then’ is traditionally defined as a conjunction, indicating succession of two events. Adopting the methodology of Interactional Linguistics, this study explores semantic relations of ranhou in Mandarin face-to-face and telephone conversations. An examination of the data shows that besides succession, ranhou can express other nine semantic relations, including causality, progression relation, coordinating relation, adversative relation, additive relation, enumeration, hypothesis, alternative relation, concession and be no practical meaning as well. Meanwhile, prosodic features of ranhou are explored with the help of software Praat and Audacity. It is suggested that eleven semantic relations vary in mean pitch range and mean length. Although each token of ranhou differs from each other in prosody, with respect to loudness, ranhou can be stressed on ran, or hou and also be articulated without loudness. But in a whole, loudness of ranhou is mostly put on hou.
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Utomo, Slamet, and Dita Indah Sekti. "COHESION IN ANNE HATHAWAY’S SPEECH TEXT ON “PAID PARENTAL LEAVE IS ABOUT CREATING FREEDOM TO DEFINE ROLES”." KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 2 (April 20, 2019): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v2i2.3344.
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This research aims to identify the grammatical and lexical cohesion used in Anne Hathaway’s speech text on “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles”, and interpret how grammatical and lexical cohesion are used in Anne Hathaway’s speech text on “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles”.The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research shows that all types of grammatical and lexical cohesion are used in the speech text. For the grammatical cohesions are: reference (personal, demonstrative and comparative reference), substitution (nominal substitution), ellipsis (verbal and clausal ellipsis) and conjunction (additive, adversative, causal and temporal conjunction). Meanwhile, the lexical cohesions are: reiteration (repetition, synonym, superordinate and general word) and collocation. The most dominant of cohesive devices used in the speech text is reference especially for personal reference. All those cohesive devices are used clearly, it means that the speech text of Anne Hathaway entitled “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles” used grammatical and lexical cohesion well. Finally, the writer suggests that cohesion is important to be studied in language learning because cohesion can be used as a strategy to construct and comprehend any text especially for speech.
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Klimkowski, Tomasz. "Particulele afirmative în limba română – perspectivă diacronică și areală." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 47, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2020.473.005.
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The present article analyses the Romanian affirmative particles from a diachronic and areal perspective in order to determine their origin. The analysis of a corpus of original literary texts and translations of religious texts as well as dictionaries and grammars from different epochs has resulted in distinguishing in Romanian the following affirmative particles: aşa (since the 16th, and especially the 17th century), ei (in the 16th century), ie (since the second half of the 18th century) and da (since the 19th century). As the last three can be put in the East European areal context, a natural explanation of their origin would be the assumption that they were borrowed respectively from Church Slavonic, German and Slavic. However, also because of the special status of affirmative particles as a part of basic vocabulary of most languages, we propose to apply to them the foothold theory inspired by Abraham’s half-open doors theory (2011). Accordingly, we believe that borrowing the particle ei from Church Slavonic could have used as a foothold the Old Romanian conjunction e (< lat. et) and the ie borrowed from German was superposed on the Romanian verbal form e ‘is’. On the other hand, the Slavic loanword da coincided with the inner semantic evolution of the Romanian forms dară ~ dar ~ da from an adversative conjunction to an affirmative particle.
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Muttaqin, Muhamad Zayyinul. "Analysing Cohesion Device of Monologue Texts in Students’ Text Book for Eight Grade in Academic Year 2017/2018." Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning 7, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/vjv7i23005.
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Cohesive term deals with the unity of paragraph or passage that relates between sections of a text or speech. This study aimed to describe the types of cohesive devices that were mostly used and also to find out which one is the most cohesive text among students’ texts book (When English Rings a Bell) for Junior High School at Eight grade in the academic year of 2017/2018. The primary data of this study was monologue texts that are found in students’ texts book for Junior High School at Eight grade in the academic year of 2017/2018. This study used a qualitative approach; First, the data were analyzed by to divide and numbering sentences into clauses; The second, to put the number of cohesive devices into tables based on types; The third, to put the number of cohesive devices into the form of percentage; The last, to make an interpretation based on the result. The objective findings are three kinds of cohesive; those were reference, ellipsis, and conjunction. Then, most of the cohesive device was a reference, personal reference, which mostly realized in every single clause, then followed by the conjunction "additive and adversative." This study was practically implicated to teaching and learning which can introduce functions and samples of cohesive to their students in order that students knew and then utilized its concept in their writing.
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Aristama, Dio, Rokhmat Basuki, and Bambang Djunaidi. "PENGGUNAAN PERANTI KOHESI DAN KOHERENSI PADA NASKAH DRAMA KARANGAN SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 7 KOTA BENGKULU." Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS 2, no. 1 (August 6, 2018): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jik.v2i1.5544.
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The purpose of this study is to see and describe how the use of cohesion and coherency tools in the drama text of students of class VIII SMPN 7 Kota Bengkulu. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data in this research is in the form of drama written by students. The source of this research data is the inter-faith dialogue in the student's drama script. Technique of collecting data using documentation method. Data analysis technique in this research is done through steps. Test the validity of the data used is credibility test done by increasing persistence, supervisors during the process of guidance takes place, and discussion with colleagues. The result of the research is found that the cohesion device contained in the student's drama script is pronoun (pronoun) consisting of (1) the first single person pronoun who is saya, and Aku (2) the first person plural pronomina kami, and kita, (3) The second individual pronoun is kamu, and kau (4) the pronoun of your second plural, (5) the singular third person pronoun dia, (6) the third person's plural pronouns they are, (7) the guidance pronoun there, that, and this, (8) The pronouns are mu, ku, and dia. (9) Substitution devices are so, that, that, and the same. (10) The ellipsis device contains the removed part. (11) The conjunction device consists of the adversative conjunction that is but, the casual conjunction that is because, the coordinating conjunction adalah and / or, the subordinate conjunction is that, if, the correlative conjunction is either / or, the temporal conjunction is before. (12) Lexical devices consist of repetition (repetition) following the race, synonyms or maternal / parent, antonym or friendlike and hostile counterparts. There are ten types of means of coherence in the student's drama text are: (1) Coherence means of addition, and, also, (2) Coherence means of repetition or repetition of speech, (3) Coherence means of contrast or contradiction ie but (4) Coherence means (5) Coherence means the result or conclusion is so, (7) Synonym or synonyms coefficient of the word mother / parent, (8) Coherence of suppression means that even , (9) The means of coherence of causal relations is due, and (10) The time coherence means is that time. With the intensity of the use of means of coherence different from each other.Keywords: cohesion, coherence, drama by student essay
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Tanasic, Sreto. "Asyndetic sentences with a concretiser." Juznoslovenski filolog 71, no. 3-4 (2015): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1504091t.
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The paper discusses asyndetic sentences, compound sentences without a conjunction between the clauses. Slavic scholars pay considerable attention to these sentences. They predominantly consider asyndetic sentences to be a model of compound sentences, apart from the model of compound conjunctional sentences, and plead that they should be described separately. Asyndetic sentences in contemporary Serbian have not been studied sufficiently. There are few specific papers dedicated to asyndetic sentences, and one can say that there are virtually no papers giving them an in-depth treatment. Therefore, we are so far left without a full insight into how widespread that compound sentence model is in contemporary Serbian and in what variants it occurs, not to mention our even lesser knowledge of its distribution in certain functional styles. This paper describes one type of asyndetic sentences in the contemporary Standard Serbian language. It includes such sentences that have a word or a phrase functioning as the verifier of the semantic relation between the clauses of asyndetic sentences. The paper demonstrates that such sentences take up a sizeable portion of the asyndetic sentence corpus, and that a large number of concretisers occur functioning as the verifiers of different meanings which are established between the clauses. The concretisers, similarly to conjunctions in syndetic sentences, serve the purpose of reducing the typical polysemy of asyndetic sentences to monosemy by assigning a monosemic relation between the clauses while foregrounding one of the possible meanings, and suppressing the others. The paper indicates that coordinate asyndetic sentences express a number of different semantic relations between the clauses. Some of them are expressed in complex sentences, some in compound sentences, and there are also those that can be expressed in both types of conjunctional sentences. The paper presents examples of sentences which have in their second clauses concretisers with conclusive, exclusive, temporal, adversative, causal, concessive, manner, spatial, gradational, respective and explanatory meanings. An array of subtypes occur within some of the types, depending on what semantic relation between the clauses is assigned by the concretisers. Finally, it is woth noting that this paper has more consistently solved the problem of exclusive and conclusive clauses as well. It is not well founded to place them among compound sentences because those sentences have their own conjunctions, whereas these are without conjunctions; it is also not well founded to classify them within some types of compound sentences because some of their classes stand out on account of characteristical conjunctions. Conclusive and exclusive clauses, as the paper demonstrates, are two types of asyndetic sentences with concretisers, the kind better represented in Serbian and which, in their entirety, are a model of asyndetic sentences.
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Fedriani, Chiara, and Piera Molinelli. "Italian ma ‘but’ in deverbal pragmatic markers: Forms, functions, and productivity of a pragma-dyad." Cuadernos de Filología Italiana 26 (October 2, 2019): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/cfit.62864.
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This paper focuses on the development, paradigmaticization, and productivity of a set of complex pragmatic markers in Italian, which are constituted by two distinct elements, namely the adversative conjunction ma ‘but’ and a deverbal pragmatic marker (e.g., ma dai ‘come on! really!’, literally: ‘but give’, or ma piantala ‘just stop! give it a rest!’, literally ‘but dump it’). The main idea we will develop is that such a complex pattern can be better described in terms of a pragma-dyad, i.e., a dyadic construction with a pragmatic meaning, featuring a fixed element which systematically combines with a set of preferential fillers. In our case, the fixed element is ma, which generally signals a contrast with the interlocutors’ point of view, thus shaping the pragmatic meaning of the resulting complex in terms of interactional contrast. Such a meaning is then functionally enriched through a variety of fillers compatible with the schema, which actualize it in conveying mock politeness, disagreement, counter-expectation, and pragmatically neighbouring values. By providing a corpus-based study of the development and productivity of these complex markers, we illustrate the empirical and theoretical advantages which a pragma-dyadic approach can offer in exploring processes of functional enrichment involving complex markers.
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Wan, Guangrong, and Chengfa Yu. "A Corpus-Based Study on Mood Combination Preference in Two-Clause Composite Sentences in Modern Chinese." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p311.
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Every clause is associated with a specific expressive intention and bears a specific mood: declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamative. Different moods are combined with the juxtaposition of clauses. A compound sentence has a homogeneous mood combination between its constituent clauses, while the mood in a complex sentence is usually counted on its main clause with the mood in its subordinate clause(s) drowned. Clauses in a Chinese sentence, however, are independent in terms of mood; that is to say, the mood of the whole sentence is the combination of moods of each clause. Tendency for mood combination of two-clause composite sentences in modern Chinese is demonstrated as follows: 1) Homogeneous mood combinations greatly exceed heterogeneous ones; the “declarative + declarative” type outnumbers other types; and there are more combinations with a declarative mood than those without; 2) The more convincing the meaning of a particle indicates, the more frequently the corresponding mood appears in the first part of the combinations; and the mood realized by a modal adverb appears in the second part if another mood is not realized by a modal adverb; 3) A conjunction highly restricts the mood combination; and the frequency of mood combination in coordinate and causal clauses is approximately equal, much higher than that in adversative clauses.
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Galkina, Natalja P. "SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC SYNCRETISM OF THE WORD ВЕДЬ AT THE LEVEL OF HYPOTAXIS." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-81-88.
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The paper is devoted to the role of the word ведь in the organization of a subordinate syntactic connection between sentences. The work is carried out within the study of the expression of relations of conditioning through complex sentences in works of the book style – scientific and publicistic. The word ведь has a variety of shades of meaning, it features polyfunctionality and syntactic variability. Most grammatical descriptions qualify it as both a particle and a conjunction. Given the polysemy and variety of uses of this word, modern researchers who study discourse classify it as a discoursive word/discourse marker. It is noted that polysemy and syntactic variability of the modern word ведь result from its historical origin and development. The method of interpretation based on the etymologically inherent meaning of this word and transformation method are proposed as a way to concretize relations marked by this linking device. According to observations on the material of journalism ведь often acts as a linking word for causal constructions both within a complex sentence and between separate, semantically related sentences. In certain cases, there is a combination of causal and conventional meanings. In addition, the combination of ведь with adversative conjunctions a, но adds the seme of concession. The observation results are illustrated with examples from journalism materials with their subsequent analysis. It is shown that replacing ведь with categorical causal, conditional, concessive conjunctions confirms the corresponding relationships, however, it cannot provide a full disclosure of the meaning of the statement, since with such a transformation the seme of presence, complicity, and the author's assessment observed in the original statements is lost. One should say about the stylistic marking of the structures under study, which contribute to the implementation of the evaluative and influencing function of the journalistic style. In other cases, the word ведь acts as a particle, contributing to the actualization of the utterance as something known, obviously expedient. Although there is a causal relationship in such constructions, the connecting function is not paramount there. Thus, the polyfunctionality of a polysemantic word ведь ensures the variability of its use by the authors and a multidimensional approach to its linguistic description.
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Odeh Al-Khalidy, Hatmal. "The Use of Conjunctions as Grammatical Cohesion in the Speeches of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.5p.207.
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Halliday and Hasan (1976) differentiated between four types of conjunctions namely, additive, causal, temporal and adversative. Thus, conjunctions are words used to combine two sentences, this paper examines the conjunctions in the speeches of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan based on Halliday and Hasan (ibid). The investigator in this current study selected four different speeches which were delivered by Queen Rania in Jordan and USA in the years 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The results show that there are some differences in the frequency of additive, causal, adversative and temporal conjunctions. The study concluded that, additive conjunctions were the most frequent conjunctions followed by adversative conjunctions and then causal conjunctions and finally the least occurrences were for temporal conjunctions.
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Svensson, Maria. "À la frontière entre simultanéité et contraste – traduction de marqueurs de simultanéité, de contraste et de concession." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1440.
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This article examines the hypothesis that the use of these French markers alors que and tandis que is more generalized in an adversative and concessive context than the use of the Swedish markers medan et samtidigt som, similar to the French markers concerning their syntactic function and semantic value of simultaneity. The aim of the study is to identify different tendencies in the translation of the French markers alors que and tandis que and the Swedish markers medan and samtidigt som, which can all be considered to be ambiguous and have a double function. Their temporal signification of simultaneity has developed in an adversative or a concessive use. Our hypothesis is however that these markers are at different stages in the procedure of grammaticalisation, and that the French markers can more easily occur in a purely adversative or concessive context.
This study, based on the occurrences of these markers in two bidirectional corpora including texts of specialist literature, ParaFraSe-HumSam (Svensson 2010), and novels, Corpus Parallèle Suédois-Français : version 2010 (Andersson 2007 ; Hellqvist 2015), shows a tendency to make explicit the adversative or concessive relation when translating the French markers tandis que and alors que, especially in the case of alors que. A difference in the use of verb tense in the clauses linked by the French and the Swedish conjunctions can also be confirmed; the French conjunctions sometimes link clauses in different verb tenses, which is rare in the case of the Swedish conjunctions medan et samtidigt som. This difference could indicate different levels of grammaticalisation of these conjunctions.
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Yanti, Dawi. "CA CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ARTICLES." ACITYA Journal of Teaching & Education 1, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v1i2.238.
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ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to investigate conjunctive adverbs in undergraduate students’ articles. This study employed descriptive quantitative design which focused on the corpus analysis. The samples of the study were 73 articles selected from English department students’ articles at State University of Malang in the graduation academic year 2012/2013. After collecting all the articles, the researcher used the data that were classified into four types and the function was described using theory of conjunctive adverbs proposed by Halliday and Hasan; they are additive, adversative, causal and temporal. The instruments used to analyze the data were Ant.conc 3.41w sofware and interview guide. The results showed that there were 20 conjunctive adverbs in articles; causal categories (37%) were the mostly used by students writing, and then followed by adversative categories (26%), temporal categories (22%) and the last were additive categories (15%). The most frequent conjunctive adverbs was Because in causal categories which got 603 times (55.37%). Furthermore, the reason of students to choose conjunctive adverb Because as the most connectors used in the articles was because they think these conjunctive adverbs were the simplest and easiest connectors.
Keywords: conjunctive adverbs, articles
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Pang, Shuangzi, and Kefei Wang. "Language contact through translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 420–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.19001.pan.
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Abstract This article investigates the role of translations from English in language change in Chinese. It employs a new corpus, the Chinese Diachronic Composite Corpus (CDCC), which incorporates a parallel corpus and comparable corpus in three sampling periods in the twentieth century, and a reference corpus as a starting point in the timeframe. We examine whether explicitness in English–Chinese translations has exerted an impact on the target language, focusing on adversative conjunctions as a measure of explicitness. The results of the study demonstrate that: (1) translated Chinese texts have changed in step with original Chinese texts in the frequency of adversative conjunctions; (2) translated Chinese texts and original Chinese texts are interrelated throughout the three periods, but the correlation between them has changed perceptibly over the three sample points; and (3) source language interference found in translated Chinese texts increases over the three periods.
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An, Xuehua, and Mingying Xu. "Conjunctive Adverbials in Chinese ESL Postgraduates’ Expository Writing." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0906.13.
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Conjunctive adverbials perform important cohesive and connective functions in discourse. Logically linking sentences into paragraphs and paragraphs into an essay might impose great challenge for ESL learners. This paper investigated the use of conjunctive adverbials in the expository writings of Chinese postgraduate students. Learner corpus of 365 pieces of writings was compiled for analysis. The findings indicated that the participants tended to use additive and sequential types of linking adverbials than adversative and causal types. The results also showed that the students relied more heavily on a limited set of conjunctive adverbials and were not aware of the writing registers.
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Raza Aziz, Awder, and Rebaz Bahadeen Mohammed Nuri. "Iraqi Kurd EFL Learners’ Uses of Conjunctive Adverbials in Essays." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.15.
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The quality of any academic essay highly depends on cohesion and coherence since they affect the overall quality and the tone of the writing to a great extent. Conjunctive adverbials are among the types of devices which logically help linking sentences into paragraphs and paragraphs into essays. Conjunctive Adverbials ultimately affect the cohesion and coherence of any piece of writing. This paper investigates conjunctive adverbials in essays written by Iraqi Kurd EFL learners at the undergraduate level. It explicitly attempts to discover what specific conjunctive adverbials types are overused, underused, or misused and in what positions in sentences. A learner corpus of 50 complete essays was compiled for this study. The findings showed that the participants tended to use more sequential and additive conjunctive adverbials than adversative and causals. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the learners relied heavily on a limited number of conjunctive adverbials, mainly in the initial position. However, the conjunctive adverbial category affects its place in the sentence.
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Kim, Sunhee. "A Study on Korean Learners' Usage Aspect of Colloquial Chinese in Adversative Conjunctions - Focusing on ‘danshi’, ‘keshi’ and ‘buguo’ -." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 76 (June 30, 2018): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.76.10.
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Jantunen, Tommi. "Clausal coordination in Finnish Sign Language." Studies in Language 40, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 204–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.40.1.07jan.
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This paper deals with the coordination of clauses in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL). Building on conversational data, the paper first shows that linking in conjunctive coordination in FinSL is primarily asyndetic, whereas in adversative and disjunctive coordination FinSL prefers syndetic linking. Secondly, the paper investigates the nonmanual prosody of coordination: nonmanual activity is shown both to mark the juncture of the coordinand clauses and to draw their contours. Finally, the paper addresses certain forms of clausal coordination in FinSL that are sign language-specific. It is suggested that the sign language-specific properties of coordination are caused both by the fact that signers can use two manual articulators in the production of sentences and by the pervasive iconicity of sign language structure.
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Susandhika, I. Gusti Ngurah Mayun. "Kohesi Dan Koherensi Dalam Wacana Komik Bahasa Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Cakrawarti 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jic.v1i1.109.
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The marker of substitutional cohension can be found in three types: nominal,verbal, and clausal substitutional cohesion. The nominal substitutional cohension hastwo subtypes: personal and non-personal of nominal substitutional cohension. Meanwhile,the marker of ellipsis cohension differentiated into three types: nominal, verbal,and chaulsal ellipsis cohesion. The conjunctive cohension is differentiated into five typemarke: additive, adversative, temporal, continuative, and causal. The lexical cohensionis differentiated into four types: reiterative, synonimy, hyponimy, and colocative lexicalcohension.While in the coherence of comic discourse shows the existence of two systems of theforming coherence, namely coherence based on the cohesion systems, and the coherencebased on the situational aspects. The coherence based on the cohension system canbe differentiated into four types: equal, pposite, successive, situational aspects has twotypes, namely continuity step of situational coherence, and the explanation situasionalcoherence.
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Reza Kiany, G., and M. Khezri Nejad. "On the Relationship between English Proficiency, Writing Ability, and the Use of Conjunctions in Iranian EFL Learners' Compositions." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 133-134 (January 1, 2001): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.133-134.03kia.
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Abstract The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between English proficiency, writing ability, and the use of conjunctions in Iranian EFL learners' compositions. To this end, four research questions were formulated : (1) Is there any relationship between English proficiency of Iranian EFL learners and the extent to which they use particular groups of conjunctions (additive, adversative, causal, temporal)? (2) Is there any relationship between English proficiency of Iranian EFL learners and their writing ability? (3) Is there any relationship between writing ability of Iranian EFL learners and the use of conjunctions? (4) What is the relative importance of the four groups of conjunctions and English proficiency in predicting the writing ability? The study involved 120 male and female English learners of Kish Language Institute studying at different levels: Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced. Two data gathering devices were employed: a NELSON test compatible with English knowledge of the subjects (version 300-A), and two compositions. The topics assigned for the compositions were “Describe your city, Tehran” and “Describe your English teacher". The students wrote the first composition in a session along with taking NELSON and the second one after a two-week interval. In each examination, the subjects wrote a text including about 150 to 200 words. The analyses included Correlation, ANOVA, Chi-square, and Multiple Regression to display the relationship between the above-mentioned variables. The results indicated taht the High group of proficiency has a significant superiority over the Mid and the Mid group over the Low one on the writing scores. The use of Chi-square analysis displayed which level of proficiency or which level of writing use which type(s) of conjuction more. Multiple regression, then, identified which variable(s) are more important or contribute more to writing scores.
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Merilai, Arne. "A. H. Tammsaare’s Epic Musicality." Interlitteraria 26, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2021.26.1.18.
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A. H. Tammsaare was drawn to the musical tonality of prose. Importantly though, he did not wholeheartedly embrace sound patterning as a mode of writing. Rather, he preferred a semantic widening of ordinary language within a comprehensively holistic “spherical music”. In his novels, we can detect a deliberate use of rhythmic motion in sentences. This is evident primarily in the wealth of lexical and syntactic repetitions resulting in a parallelism of patterns. An obvious, although discreet, rhythmic design emerges in the thesisantithesis- synthesis parataxis the core words of which are the adversative and coordinating conjunctions aga (‘but’), and integrative ometi (‘yet’, ‘indeed’). The frequency with which these bound conjunctions occur in Tammsaare’s work surpasses that of ordinary speech by about four times, and it is twice as high as the statistical mean for literary texts. One might call this expressive of an epic but-mantra, a prose-poetic but-meter, or a narrative polysyndeton, and, from a philosophical point of view, a but-dialectic. Whenever a reader fails to appreciate Tammsaare’s underlying tone and does not discern the emotional flow of longing scepticism that issues from his dyadic-triadic chains, this pervasive, yet inconspicuously arguing, textual mode may seem unduly pretentious. Indeed, there is nothing to prevent a prose text from featuring a poetic style that is rooted in a poetry-like, paradigmatic parallelism as the poetic principle of formal and semantic equivalence.
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Setyaningrum, Tutut, and Dias Andris Susanto. "An Analysis of Conjunctive Relations Found on Oprah Winfrey’s Speech at Spelman University." ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v10i2.4972.
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This study is focused on the Conjunctive Relations found in Oprah Winfrey's speech. In this case, conjunctive relations were analyzed through how Oprah Winfrey realized them. The objectives of this study were (1) to find out types of conjunctive relations found on Oprah Winfrey's speech (2) to find out the dominant type of conjunctive relations found on Oprah Winfrey's speech and what is that mean. To reach those two objectives, the writer used both Halliday and J. R. Martin's theory. There are two categories of conjunction namely external and internal conjunction. Later on, those two categories classified themselves into four types of relations namely additive relation, adversative relation, causal relation, and temporal relation. This study used qualitative design because it is framed in terms of using words instead of numbers. The result showed that there were 106 clauses with conjunctions in Oprah's speech. The internal conjunction found were about 52 clauses, while the external conjunction found were about 16 clauses. Both external and internal conjunction was dominated by the causal relation. The causal relation indicated that Oprah Winfrey used a lot of reasoning because causal relations made her able to convince the audience to believe with her statements. Furthermore, causal relation made her speech seems natural, influential, and emotionally convincing to the hearer.
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Setyaningrum, Tutut, and Dias Andris Susanto. "An Analysis of Conjunctive Relations Found on Oprah Winfrey’s Speech at Spelman University." ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) 10, no. 2 (December 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v10i2.5126.
Full textAbstract:
This study is focused on the Conjunctive Relations found in Oprah Winfrey's speech. In this case, conjunctive relations were analyzed through how Oprah Winfrey realized them. The objectives of this study were (1) to find out types of conjunctive relations found on Oprah Winfrey's speech (2) to find out the dominant type of conjunctive relations found on Oprah Winfrey's speech and what is that mean. To reach those two objectives, the writer used both Halliday and J. R. Martin's theory. There are two categories of conjunction namely external and internal conjunction. Later on, those two categories classified themselves into four types of relations namely additive relation, adversative relation, causal relation, and temporal relation. This study used qualitative design because it is framed in terms of using words instead of numbers. The result showed that there were 106 clauses with conjunctions in Oprah's speech. The internal conjunction found were about 52 clauses, while the external conjunction found were about 16 clauses. Both external and internal conjunction was dominated by the causal relation. The causal relation indicated that Oprah Winfrey used a lot of reasoning because causal relations made her able to convince the audience to believe with her statements. Furthermore, causal relation made her speech seems natural, influential, and emotionally convincing to the hearer.
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Arifianto, Muhammad Lukman. "The Conjunctive Expressions and Their Types in Arabic News Discourse: A Case Study on Indonesia Al-Youm Arabic News Website." KnE Social Sciences, February 19, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i4.6483.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is (1) to reveal the use of conjunctive expressions in Arabic news discourse by taking sample on Indonesia al-Youm Arabic news website and (2) to reveal their types on that discourse. As for what is meant by conjunctive expression in this paper is linguistic or grammatical units used to combine words with words, phrases with phrase, clauses with clauses, sentences with sentences, or paragraphs with paragraphs. Thus, the conjunctive expression has the main function as a determinant of a discourse coherence and cohesiveness since it is linking the ideas between sentences or paragraphs. The result of the research showed that conjunctions in the Arabic news discourse, especially in Indonesia al-Youm Arabic news website, were expressed in several grammatical units such as words and phrases. The words capable of delivering the conjunctive expression are the particles of conjunction itself and some particular adverbs. The phrases capable of delivering the conjunctive expression are prepositional and adverbial phrases. Furthermore, the conjunctive expressions found in this Arabic news discourse are divided into four types, they are additive (idhāfī ), adversative (idhrābī ), causal (sababī ), and temporal (zamanī ).
Keywords: Conjunction, Conjunctive Expression, Arabic News Discourse, Indonesia Al-Youm