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Journal articles on the topic 'Advertising criticism'
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1
Ross, Billy I., Alan Fletcher, and John C. Schweitzer. "Promises, Promises: Advertising Directors Look at Questionable Political Claims." Newspaper Research Journal 15, no. 1 (January 1994): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299401500109.
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Amidst growing public criticism of political advertising at national, state and local levels, directors of advertising in 73 daily newspapers reflect concern for acceptability of current political advertising in newspapers.
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Jones, Steve. "Popular Music, Criticism, Advertising and the Music Industry." Journal of Popular Music Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1993): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-1598.1993.tb00084.x.
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Lauzon, Robb Conrad, and Laquana Cooke. "Counter-buffing: A Visual Criticism of Guerrilla Advertising." Changing English 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358684x.2017.1311037.
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Yoon, Kak. "Comparison of Beliefs about Advertising, Attitude toward Advertising, and Materialism Held by African Americans and Caucasians." Psychological Reports 77, no. 2 (October 1995): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.2.455.
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This research investigated the relationship between advertising and materialism across African-American and Caucasian groups (87 students and 79 community adults) as well as general attitude toward advertising and beliefs about advertising. The association between attitude toward advertising and materialism was positive. The African-American respondents held more materialistic values than their Caucasian peers; they exhibited a more favorable general attitude toward advertising and held more favorable beliefs about advertising. These findings are consistent with the criticism that advertising is at least connected with materialistic values in our society.
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Bergh, Bruce G. Vanden, Nora J. Rifon, and Molly Catherine Ziske. "What's Bad in an Ad: Thirty Years of Opinion from Ad Age's “Ads-We-Can-Do-Without” Letters." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72, no. 4 (December 1995): 948–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909507200417.
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Advertising practitioners' criticism of ad content was studied through the lens of Advertising Age's ads-we-can-do-without letters for a thirty-year period from 1962 to 1992. A content analysis of 404 complaint letters and accompanying ads found significant changes in practitioner criticism as we movefrom the 1960s to the 1970s. The 1960s produced significantly more complaints about executional errors while the 1970s was a time of heightened concern about the negative social impact of sex, violence, and vulgarity in ads. Concern about sexually- related content and vulgarity continued through the 1980s but appeared to drop off significantly in the 1990s.
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Pressey, Andrew D. "Forgotten classics: Advertising in a Free Society, by Ralph Harris and Arthur Seldon (1959)." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 174–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-11-2015-0049.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review Advertising in a Free Society – a defence of the advertising industry – by Ralph Harris and Arthur Seldon, and to evaluate its status as a justifiable forgotten classic of the marketing literature. Design/Methodology/Approach – Advertising in a Free Society is placed in historical context (the Cold War), summarised and reviewed. Findings – During the 1950s, as the UK experienced a period of affluence and growing consumerism, the advertising industry was again subject to the criticisms that had been levelled at it by influential scholars in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Against this context, Advertising in a Free Society deserves to be remembered as one of the earliest defences of advertising and remains highly relevant. Harris and Seldon were leading figures in the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), joining shortly after its inception, which became an influential group both in the UK and abroad, influencing policy on free markets. Originality/Value – Although Advertising in a Free Society attracted few citations (going out of print between its publication in 1959 and 2014 when it was republished by the IEA), and largely forgotten by marketing scholars, it provides a significant source for marketing historians interested in advertising criticism, the growth of the British advertising industry and the role of advertising in democratic societies. A reanalysis of the text situated in its historical context – the height of the Cold War – reveals that the text can be viewed as an artefact of the conflict, deploying the rhetoric of the period in defending the advertising industry and highlighting the positive role that advertising could make in free societies.
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Hanafizadeh, Payam, Mehdi Behboudi, and Hamideh Mokhtari Hasanabad. "Online Advertising Intermediary." International Journal of Online Marketing 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2014010103.
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Applying bleeding edge courses of action in advertising is always a case on the table of decision makers. In online case, lack of a practice to place right advertisement in a right time for the right user has been counted as biggest challenage. On the other hand, “ad clutter”, the key criticism on online advertising; is about to put online advertisement's benefits away and annoying users more than before. Accordingly, this article aims at scrutinizing this critical problem by incorporating one of the next generation technologies, Lead Generation. This study introduces an e-business framework in advertisement intermediating in the form of a framework so that lets advertisers advertise in customized way. In this approach, the authors focused on displaying a personalized ad for each user by which marketers could redirect their visiting prospects into becoming their own consumers. At the end, the managerial implications are reported.
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Pollay, Richard W., and Banwari Mittal. "Here's the Beef: Factors, Determinants, and Segments in Consumer Criticism of Advertising." Journal of Marketing 57, no. 3 (July 1993): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700307.
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A comprehensive model of attitudes toward advertising includes three personal utility factors (product information, social image information, and hedonic amusement) and four socioeconomic factors (good for economy, fostering materialism, corrupting values, and falsity/no-sense). The proposed 7-factor model was tested on two independent samples: collegians (188) and householders (195) from Ohio and Mississippi Valley states, explaining 62% and 56% of the variance in their global attitudes, respectively. The model's dimensions were used to profile these publics and to identify attitudinal segments within them. Most respondents exhibited conflict between an appreciation of the personal uses and economic value of advertising and an apprehension of cultural degradation.
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Lee, Yu Kang, and Chun Tuan Chang. "A Social Landslide: Social Inequalities of Lottery Advertising in Taiwan." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 10 (November 1, 2008): 1423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.10.1423.
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Lottery advertising is focused on fantasies of winning which may mislead the general public. As a result, there could be severe social impacts with mounting lottery sales. In this study, conducted in Taiwan, it was found that lottery purchase is contingent on not only demographic and socioeconomic variables, but also on effects of lottery advertising. There are greater influences of lottery advertising on people who purchase lottery tickets than on those who do not. There is strong convergence between purchase behavior and attitudes, highlighting a correspondence between positive attitudes towards lottery advertising and a high level of engagement in lottery purchase. Socioeconomic status also has an effect on reaction to lottery advertising and may further perpetuate social inequality. The results validate ongoing criticism that lottery advertising is more influential on individuals with lower incomes and schooling.
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Abramov, R. N. "RECEPTION OF PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE AND FOREIGN PR TECHNOLOGIES IN THE LATE SOVIET ERA." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(51) (2020): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-51-63.
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In the USSR, there was an apparatus of ideological work and propaganda, which was mounted in all state and public institutions. Since the late 1950s, interest in foreign methods of working with public opinion, including management, advertising and public relations (PR), had been growing, and a process of cultural transfer in pragmatic and ideological dimensions had been developing. The use of Western methods of influence (including advertising and PR) was necessary to advance the economic and political interests of the USSR in the capitalist and post-colonial countries. Western methods of influence became the object of analysis in the genre of quasi-academic criticism of bourgeois society, with the opportunity for the reader to understand the content of the main methods of influence (PR, commercial advertising, etc.). The article shows two areas of reception of Western PR language and technologies. The selected publications of Soviet experts on the criticism of Western PR are analyzed. Examples from the practice of Soviet experts of international influence (Vneshtorgizdat and the “Novosti” Press Agency) who worked in those organizations abroad and later, in the 1990s, became well-known PR specialists, are presented. The purpose of the article is to show the selective permeability of the Soviet influence system for foreign PR methods and commercial advertising techniques.
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McAllister, Matthew P., and Anna Aupperle. "Class Shaming in Post-Recession U.S. Advertising." Journal of Communication Inquiry 41, no. 2 (January 29, 2017): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859917690534.
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Class is an issue rarely foregrounded in advertising criticism, although the emphasis on consumption and commodity-defined images of the good life frequently makes advertising a class-oriented discourse. The degree and manner that advertising contains overt symbols and discussions of class may be influenced by the particular era in which a campaign appears. This article argues that several “postrecession” U.S. campaigns including for Buick, Allstate, and DirecTV make class comparisons explicit, as seen in “class shaming” strategies such as a ridicule of service workers, presenting the wealthy as victimized by the working class, and “lower-classface” performances that contrast class-based lifestyles. In such ads, representations of the working class are equated with losers, incompetents, and non-brand users in the ads, while affluent users and opulent lifestyles are celebrated. Final reflections focus on the ideological implications of more obvious depictions of class in current and future advertising.
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Pollay, Richard W., and Banwari Mittal. "Here's the Beef: Factors, Determinants, and Segments in Consumer Criticism of Advertising." Journal of Marketing 57, no. 3 (July 1993): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1251857.
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KLOTZ, ROBERT. "Virtual Criticism: Negative Advertising on the Internet in the 1996 Senate Races." Political Communication 15, no. 3 (June 1998): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/105846098198939.
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Ho, Shuay-Tsyr, Bradley J. Rickard, and Jura Liaukonyte. "Economic and Nutritional Implications from Changes in U.S. Agricultural Promotion Efforts." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 46, no. 4 (November 2014): 593–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800029126.
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Promotion programs that subsidize advertising for exported agricultural products continue to be used despite much criticism that they are an inefficient use of taxpayer money. At the same time, others have advocated for an increase in funds to support domestic advertising for fruits and vegetables. We investigate the economic and nutritional effects from changes in both export and domestic promotion expenditures for horticultural and nonhorticultural commodities. Simulation results show that even modest decreases in trade promotion expenditures coupled with a corresponding increase in domestic promotion efforts have the capacity to influence domestic market conditions, caloric intake, and nutrient consumption.
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Hope, Wayne. "REVIEW: Little light shed on a dark and restrictive era of media criticism." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v9i1.769.
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Review of Can we talk about the news? A discussion of media criticism in New Zealand, by Jane Dunbar. NZ Journalism Monographs, No3, Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, University of Canterbury.
In this monograph, Jane Dunbar interviews news journalists and media commentators about the quality of media criticism in New Zealand. This is certainly a pertinent theme for research. Dunbar's interviewees point out that local scrutiny of the news media is difficult to sustain. Thus, journalists within coporate media are unlikely to comment upon ownership patterns, within all media organisations unbiquitous advertising contracts available news space.
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Hirshon, Nicholas. "A “Great Power” Defended and Denounced: An Examination of Twentieth-Century Advertising and Advertising Criticism in the United States." Journalism History 46, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2020.1757351.
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Ohar, Emilia. "The book magazines of the independence period in the context of shaping of critical discourse." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 8(26) (2018): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2018-8(26)-14.
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Abstract: The main typological features of the Ukrainian magazines of 1990- 2010 devoted to literary and publishing topics as a basis of contemporary specialized new (digital) media have been desicribed. The correctness of the term «book magazine» has been justified. The peculiarities of emerging new discursive practice on the pages of analyzed publications — book journalism — have been charactrized. The particular attention is paid to the problems of literary and book criticism (lack of professionalism, dependence on advertising funds, lack of authoritativeness of criticues opinions custom — tailored service setc.), which remain relevant for the new digital media of relevant topies. Keywords: book magazine, literary and publishing criticism, book journalism, «Knyznyk-review».
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Stern, Barbara B., and Jonathan E. Schroeder. "Interpretative Methodology from Art and Literary Criticism: A Humanistic Approach to Advertising Imagery." European Journal of Marketing 28, no. 8/9 (August 1994): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090569410067659.
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Skoropad, Tatiana Anatolievna. "“The Night of the AdEaters”: Pelevin and Baudrillard." Человек и культура, no. 4 (April 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.4.35552.
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The relevance of this work is substantiated by the fact that advertising as a special language of communication of modern society becomes the subject of research in different human sciences. Culturology, as complex field of humanities knowledge that encompasses sociocultural experience of the people reflected in traditions and norms, customs and laws, representations, assessments and actions, also studies various cultural phenomena. The author pursues the goal to interpret the phenomenon of popularity of advertising as a specific marker of consumer society. For achieving the set goal, analysis is conducted on the phenomenon of durability and popularity of the French show The Night of the AdEaters”. Research methodology is comprised of descriptive and systematic analysis of empirical facts in examining the role of advertising in postmodern society. Comparative method is used for drawing parallels between the works of J. Baudrillard and V. Pelevin from the perceptive of their criticism of consumer society. The author analyzes and characterizes modern consumer society, transformation of human values, and the important role allotted to advertising plays in this society. The conclusion is made that advertising becomes a part of everyday culture, impacts people’s life, contributes to formation of values system, mentality, worldview. In human mind, advertising transforms information into the image, and dictates the demands and interests, demonstrates ideals, helps formulating the goals.
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Robinson, Daniel J. "Cigarette Marketing and Smoking Culture in 1930s Canada." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 25, no. 1 (August 28, 2015): 63–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032799ar.
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This paper examines political-economic, cultural, and marketing changes during the 1930s that solidified the domestic tobacco industry and cigarette smoking as a socially normative practice. During this decade, farm production of cigarette tobacco grew exponentially in southern Ontario, as did cigarette manufacturing operations, mostly in Montréal. Cigarette marketing and advertising were prolific, as evidenced by the bevy of premium promotions, gift rebates, sports sponsorships, and athlete and celebrity testimonial advertising. Women, for the first time, were routinely targeted by cigarette advertising, and their entry into the ranks of “legitimate” smokers proved a watershed for tobacco manufacturers. Two specific developments further boosted the long-term viability of the cigarette industry. First, Canada’s dominant tobacco firm, Imperial Tobacco, spent heavily on public relations advertising to overcome public criticism of its cut-throat merchandising practices. Second, menthol and filtered cigarettes first appeared in the 1930s, ads for which reassured smokers worried about sore throats and persistent coughs. Long before the tobacco industry’s massive public relations response in the 1950s to the “cancer scare” (which included the heavy promotion of filtered brands as “safer” cigarettes), Imperial Tobacco, among others, was versed in issue-management public relations and forms of cigarette “health marketing.”
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Tsupikova, Olena. "Peculiarities of medical advertising discourse." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, no. 23 (2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-23-223-230.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of medical advertising discourse, particular features of the advertised objects are outlined, functions and reasons of medications advertising discourse are described, and methods of influencing the addressee in this discourse are analyzed. It is stated that in the modern Ukrainian advertising reality a significant place is occupied by medical goods and services advertising. The relevance and importance of an in-depth study of this discourse are substantiated. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of medical advertising discourse. Descriptive and functional research methods and a dictionary definition analysis method constitute a research methodology. The results of the study allowed concluding that medications advertising discourse has some features due to its subject area – intended for human health. Therefore, medical advertising discourse requires more detailed argumentation, persuasion, and evidentiality. The main functions of medical advertising discourse are distinguished, inter alia informational and pragmatic ones. The intelligence presents the key reasons stimulating the target audience to make a specific purchase: a reason for health, pain relief, desire to improve health, disease prevention, improving appearance, guidelines for the quality of medication, rate of response, and others. The main focus is the analysis of methods of influence on the addressee in the medical advertising discourse. These are methods of comparison, «appeal to figures of authority» method, application of a recommendation system, statistics provision, demonstrating concern for consumer health, creating a positive pragmatic background, unrevealed criticism of other medications, the opposition of «outdated» and «modern» in pharmacology, «scenario: problem-solution» method. The author notes that the peculiarities of medical advertising discourse require copywriters to find new ways to present information about medications. The article emphasizes that a characteristic feature and a mandatory component of medical advertising discourse is to warn of the risks of self-medication, the need for specialized medical consultation, and reading the instructions. The novelty of the scientific intelligence results lays in the study of the medical advertising discourse features, in particular the analysis of methods of linguistic manipulation with the conscious and the subconscious of the recipient in medical advertising texts.
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Panda, Tapan K. "Sex-Oriented Advertising and its Impact on Attitude of Teenagers: Application of Behaviuoral Intention Model across Product Categories." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 9, no. 4 (October 2005): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290500900402.
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Use of Sex in advertising continues despite the public outcry against it. Exposing mature adults to sex based advertising often invites lesser criticism compared to advertising that targets teenagers. Its use in advertising is no more confined to adult programs on television or adult literature; its consequences are far reaching in the context of exposure through mass media. Although some level of sex content might help in selling, the real questions are: how much sex content is appropriate; when is the use of such content appropriate, and for which target audience. The present research aims to explore some of these questions through consumer data in which teenagers are shown a series of print and television advertisements with different degree of sex content for different product categories. This paper attempts to find out the effectiveness of sex based advertising on the overall attitude and behavioural intention of respondents by application of Fishbien Behavioural Intention Model. The paper tries to find out the relationship between the use of sex content in advertisements for commercial and non-commercial product category at different levels of depiction and behavioural intention towards product categories. The results show that the respondents find sex-content based advertisement to be in bad taste in the context of family setting and there is a relatively moderating effect on the behavioural intention of consumers upon exposure to commercial product advertisements.
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Saee, John. "SOCIETAL ETHICS AND LEGAL SYSTEM FACING CONTEMPORARY MARKETING STRATEGIES: AN AUSTRALIAN INSIGHT." Journal of Business Economics and Management 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2005): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2005.9636108.
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An integral function of Australian market economy is the process of matching products/services with customers’ needs, desires and preferences. This process is greatly facilitated by advertising. Advertising not only provides information for the consumers but may also be used by the advertiser to bring subconscious consumer preferences or inchoate desires to the surface and to stimulate the demand for consumption. In carrying out these tasks, the advertiser must decide the pitch of the advertisement, the appropriate media to be used, the budget, the degree of exposure of the advertisement, market segmentation and claims to be made for the product (Goldring et al, 1987). Australian firms, irrespective of their size, rely heavily on advertising to market their products and services. The degree to which firms see the crucial role of advertising in their overall marketing mix, is clearly reflected in their annual allocation of advertising expenditure. “In 1997, total Australian advertising expenditures were $ 7.5 billion on advertising” (Miller and Layton, 2000, p. 590) All creative and imaginative forms of enticements and inducements being considered in the development of advertising strategies by these firms in an attempt to evoke favourable consumers’ responses for their offerings. Over time, some firms have come under increasing criticism by some sections of the community for their inappropriate promotional strategies which are seen as out of step with general community values and standards. Further in some instances, it is alleged that these firms have not only miscarried their social responsibility, but they have also breached the law covering Trade Practices operative in Australia and New Zealand. Such misguided corporate behaviour has also sparked negative consumerism concern, which if no corrective measure is adopted, will strategically harm the firm profit and viability. This research paper attempts to explore in some detail, aspects of advertising strategies within contemporary management paradigm. The paper will also shed light on corporate ethics /social responsibility. Finally, this paper will address legal obligations and consumerism concerns surrounding firms operating within the Australian society.
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Ahuvia, Aaron C. "Social Criticism of Advertising: On the Role of Literary Theory and the Use of Data." Journal of Advertising 27, no. 1 (March 1998): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1998.10673548.
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Sutter, Daniel. "Advertising and Political Bias in the Media: The Market for Criticism of the Market Economy." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 61, no. 3 (July 2002): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1536-7150.00187.
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Rossolatos, George. "Impossibly good looks: A pragma-ontological approach to unearthing the latent rhetorical structure of anti-ageing advertising discourse." Sign Systems Studies 46, no. 2/3 (November 19, 2018): 216–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2018.46.2-3.02.
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This paper aims at unearthing the appeals, the argumentative schemes and the modes of rhetorical configuration that make up the rhetorical structure of the anti-ageing skin care product category’s print advertising discourse. To this end, the pragma-ontological approach is put forward as an offshoot of the pragma-dialectical perspective in rhetorical analysis and criticism. The pragma-ontological approach adds interpretative depth to the overt argumentation structure of anti-ageing products’ ads on the grounds of fundamental ontology/existential phenomenology. The analysis points to three levels where the ads’ arguments function: an overt level and two covert ones. On the overt level the ads function against the background of mixed ethos/pathos/ logos appeals that buttress an argumentation scheme from values. On a primary covert level, the ads appear to be functioning through an indirect appeal to fear, while resting on an argumentation scheme from consequences. On a secondary covert level, the ads are shown to be appealing indirectly to ontological angst, while manifesting an argumentation scheme per impossibile. The cultural implications for policy-making are highlighted amidst a predicament where anti-ageing claims are attracting heavy criticism.
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Tucker, Herbert F. "Rossetti's Goblin Marketing: Sweet to Tongue and Sound to Eye." Representations 82, no. 1 (2003): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2003.82.1.117.
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Recent criticism putting the market back in Christina Rossetti's ''Goblin Market'' (1862) makes, and leaves, space for consideration of the poem's relation to marketing-as-advertising. Written to be read by adults in silence as if out loud to children, the poem trades in the mystique of a virtual orality that is structurally analogous to its goblin merchants' mystification, through promotional language, of both the nature of their retail business and the origins of the produce they sell. The virtual-oral mode of the poem creates rich opportunities for local wordplay to highlight that mystification at a juncture in economic history when with new subtlety and aggressiveness a burgeoning advertising business was transforming Victorian consumerism. The miracle of a sister's redemption from goblin taste stakes on Rossetti's Christian belief her congruent faith as a poet: that a modern tongue may be redeemed by art, in spite of art's collusion with the forces by which it must circulate to earn a hearing.
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Stern, Barbara B. "Feminist Literary Criticism and the Deconstruction of Ads: A Postmodern View of Advertising and Consumer Responses." Journal of Consumer Research 19, no. 4 (March 1993): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209322.
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Paris, Orlando. "The “Fiat 500L” commercial: A journey into Italian style." Semiotica 2019, no. 229 (July 26, 2019): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0010.
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AbstractThis essay will analyze a single script, the television commercial that advertises the Fiat 500L in the United States, released in 2013. This commercial has stimulated wide debate both in Italy and the United States. It was generally well received by the press, even if it did attract some criticism on the part of those who simply read it as the latest version of a series of stereotypes of Italian mores. Without neglecting the functional dynamic of advertising (narratological structure and underlying rhetorical devices), this analysis will focus in particular on the decisive role played by Italianness and the Italian language.
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Nykoliuk, Tamara, and Natalia Shkliaieva. "LANGUAGE TOLERANCE AND PLAY ON WORDS IN MODERN POLITICAL ADVERTISING." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-273-275.
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The features of linguistic tolerance and the “play on words” in contemporary political advertising are explored in the article. Different interpretations of the tolerance concept are considered. The issue of tolerance-intolerance is updated. The concept of “communicative tolerance” is outlined and its necessity in the field of political advertising is clarified. Correct forms and means of political advertising are highlighted. The own communication space of the party HOLOS (translated as Voice) was identified, the communication of the ES (translated as European Solidarity) political party in the election campaign 2019 was analyzed. On the basis of posts in social networks there are revealed the tolerant forms of appeal, the questions, the deminitivs, that perform an emotional and evaluative function. The role of exclamatory, ninterrogative sentences in political advertising is investigated. The list of complementary statements, statements addressed to the voter and some instruments of self-presentation are highlighted. Two types of complimentary statements are qualified: those that convey a positive overall value and those with a metaphorized value. Complementary statements have been found to include those expressing the sender’s need for the addressee. A number of statements with an emotional tone have been identified. It has been found the usage of appeals with formulas which provoke the voter to act emotionally. The “play on words” as the tools for influencing on the recipient are explored. Emotional-evaluative vocabulary is analyzed, which expresses approval, criticism, sympathy and metaphors, through which the text receives originality. It’s found out that repeated rhetorical questions and appeals do stimulate communication. There are analyzed the lexems which are metaphorized in many combinations and receive new meaning. Political advertising highlights vocabulary, semantics, and phonetic-graphic ways of playing on words. An example of a phonetic-graphical language play is the use of the root “HOLOS” in many lexems. As an example of a lexical-semantic way of conducting a language game is the campaign “to take the Council under control” (“take into the arms”). The “play on words” is an example of constructive communication in political advertising, an alternative to anti-advertising. This is an example of a tolerant dialogue with a voter.
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Madsen, Emily. "PHIZ'S BLACK DOLL: INTEGRATING TEXT AND ETCHING INBLEAK HOUSE." Victorian Literature and Culture 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 411–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015031300003x.
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Three black dolls appear in the etchingsby H. K. Browne (Phiz) that accompany Charles Dickens'sBleak House(1853). They hang, strange fruit, from strings on walls and in shop windows, and their purpose as commentary on the text remains unclear because it is also initially unclear what they might represent. The dolls are never mentioned in the text of the novel, nor do they receive any substantial criticism in readings ofBleak House's illustrations. This article plumbs the archive for evidence of the dolls, and uses the resulting range of associations, from the American cotton trade to Victorian advertising techniques, to argue for a greater integration of the analysis of text and illustrations in serialized, illustrated novels such asBleak House. Material culture readings of the novel to this date have overlooked elements of the illustrations (which are themselves material objects), or have focused on illustrations as print culture, and not conversations with the written text. Examining the dolls in this context not only enrichesBleak House, but also attests to the value of observing the interplay of text and illustration, as well as text and advertising, in readings of the novel's serialized form.
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Benson, Stuart, and David Hunter. "Is there a nocebo response that results from disease awareness campaigns and advertising in Australia, and can this effect be mitigated?" Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 9 (May 15, 2018): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104504.
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Direct-to-consumer advertising is banned in Australia, and instead pharmaceutical companies use disease awareness campaigns as a strategy to raise public awareness of conditions for which the company produces a treatment. This practice has been justified by promoting individual autonomy and public health, but it has attracted criticism regarding medicalisation of normal health and ageing, and exaggeration of the severity of the condition in question, imbalanced reporting of risks and benefits, and damaging the patient–clinician relationship. While there are benefits of disease awareness promotion, there is another possible adverse consequence that has not yet been rigorously considered: the possibility of inducing a nocebo response via the campaign. We will discuss the creation of a nocebo response in this context.
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Kobernjuk, Anna, and Agnes Kasper. "Normativity in the EU’s Approach towards Disinformation." TalTech Journal of European Studies 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 170–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0011.
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Abstract With the rapid growth of disinformation, two major steps were taken to battle the phenomenon in the online environment—first on the global level, and second on the European Union level. The first step is the Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and “Fake News”, Disinformation and Propaganda, which provides a general overview of possible actions to be taken to fight disinformation, and how “things should be”. The steps are connected to following human rights standards, promoting the diversity of media, and paying special attention to intermediaries and media outlets. The second one is the Code of Practice on Disinformation, which is a self-regulatory document that can be voluntarily signed by major social media platforms and advertising bodies, and its main focus is making political advertising coherent and clear, preventing the creation of fake accounts, providing users with tools to report disinformation, and promote further research. Nevertheless, based on the reports and criticism from stakeholders, the Code of Practice has not reached a common ground regarding definitions, it has provided no mechanism to access the development, and has had several other drawbacks which need additional attention and discussion. The article is devoted to identifying gaps in the Code of Practice on Disinformation based on the reports and criticism provided by the stakeholders and elaborating on possible practices to regulate the legal issues raised by disinformation on the European Union level. We use doctrinal and comparative methods in the work. The doctrinal method targets the cluster that was identified in order to analyze the Code of Practice, identifies weak spots and inconsistencies, and offers solutions from different areas of law. The comparative method was selected since in several areas of law, such as human rights and consumer protection law, the previously identified approaches will be addressed to find the best outcomes. This combination of methods allows an in-depth understanding of legal documents and identifying successful solutions, which can influence further development based on efficient examples.
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Lysonski, Steven, and Richard W. Pollay. "Advertising Sexism is Forgiven, But Not Forgotten: Historical, Cross-Cultural and Individual Differences in Criticism and Purchase Boycott Intentions." International Journal of Advertising 9, no. 4 (January 1990): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1990.11107162.
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Kavanagh, Ciarán. "“Categorically Grotesque: Ballard, Bodies and Genre in Crash”." Open Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2019-0039.
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Abstract Crash’s philosophical and aesthetic focus on the wounded body has led to it being described by many of its readers as repulsive, disgusting, nauseating, and in other similarly visceral vocabulary. It has also, however, been praised in the highest terms for its perceived exploration and criticism of postmodernity, technofetishism, and the advertising industry, along with its estrangement of society’s acceptance of the automobile age and its mutilation of our landscape, psyche and bodies. Critics of Crash who wish to portray the novel positively frequently appear under pressure to defang this aspect of it, attempting to domesticate Crash’s troubling‘low’ matter by the aforementioned ‘higher‘ aesthetic or moral cause. Crash, however, eludes this manner of simplification; the novel cannot be adequately analysed by shirking from its embodied effects. A chimaeric fusion of opposing experiential and interpretive catalysts, Crash refuses to be statically categorised.
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Hall, Robert E. "Employment Fluctuations with Equilibrium Wage Stickiness." American Economic Review 95, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828053828482.
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Following a recession, the aggregate labor market is slack–employment remains below normal and recruiting efforts of employers, as measured by help-wanted advertising and vacancies, are low. A model of matching friction explains the qualitative responses of the labor market to adverse shocks, but requires implausibly large shocks to account for the magnitude of observed fluctuations. The incorporation of wage stickiness vastly increases the sensitivity of the model to driving forces. I develop a new model of the way that wage stickiness affects unemployment. The stickiness arises in an economic equilibrium and satisfies the condition that no worker-employer pair has an unexploited opportunity for mutual improvement. Sticky wages neither interfere with the efficient formation of employment matches nor cause inefficient job loss. Thus the model provides an answer to the fundamental criticism previously directed at sticky-wage models of fluctuations.
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Polyák, Gábor. "Ökonomische Bedeutung und rechtlicher Rahmen der staatlichen Werbung in der ungarischen Medienpolitik." osteuropa recht 65, no. 1 (2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2019-1-51.
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The situation of media freedom, the current problems of media regulation in Hungary has been a constant issue of the European agenda since 2010. Despite the fierce criticism of domestic, European and international organizations, neither the legal framework nor the direction of media policy steps changed. The media policy measures of recent years gradually led to an extensive transformation of the media system. The process is based on three contiguous pillars. These are undermining the independence of the supervisory bodies of private and public media, manipulating access to the resources necessary for their activity in the media market, and manipulating the information environment by controlling the access to public information and the political agenda. This paper highlights the communication and funding roles of state advertising and campaigning and the legal issues they raise. State advertising should by no means favour certain market players unfoundedly, because in such cases they can be considered as prohibited state aid in the terms of the European law. The practice of placing state advertisements in Hungary does not meet the normal market conditions. These advertisements are also problematic from the point of view of media law classification, however the Hungarian media authority always applies the law in favour of the government. This behaviour can also be found in the practice of assessing media concentrations. The misuse of public finance and the authorities’ biased decisions together resulted in the largest media concentration in Europe at the end of 2018.
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Barker, Alexander B., Magdalena Opazo Breton, Jo Cranwell, John Britton, and Rachael L. Murray. "Population exposure to smoking and tobacco branding in the UK reality show ‘Love Island’." Tobacco Control 27, no. 6 (February 5, 2018): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054125.
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BackgroundReality television shows are popular with children and young adults; inclusion of tobacco imagery in these programmes is likely to cause smoking in these groups. Series 3 of the UK reality show Love Island, broadcast in 2017, attracted widespread media criticism for high levels of smoking depicted. We have quantified this tobacco content and estimated the UK population exposure to generic and branded tobacco imagery generated by the show.MethodsWe used 1-min interval coding to quantify actual or implied tobacco use, tobacco paraphernalia or branding, in alternate episodes of series 3 of Love Island, and Census data and viewing figures from Kantar Media to estimate gross and per capita tobacco impressions.ResultsWe coded 21 episodes comprising 1001 min of content. Tobacco imagery occurred in 204 (20%) intervals; the frequency of appearances fell significantly after media criticism. An identifiable cigarette brand, Lucky Strike Double Click, appeared in 16 intervals. The 21 episodes delivered an estimated 559 million gross tobacco impressions to the UK population, predominantly to women, including 47 million to children aged <16 and 44 million gross impressions of Lucky Strike branding, including 4 million to children <16.ConclusionDespite advertising legislation and broadcasting regulations intended to protect children from smoking imagery in UK television, series 3 of Love Island delivered millions of general and branded tobacco impressions both to children and adults in the UK. More stringent controls on tobacco content in television programmes are urgently needed.
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RUBIN, JOAN SHELLEY. "REPOSSESSING THE COZZENS–MACDONALD IMBROGLIO: MIDDLEBROW AUTHORSHIP, CRITICAL AUTHORITY, AND AUTONOMOUS READERS IN POSTWAR AMERICA." Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000235.
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Dwight Macdonald's 1958 attack on James Gould Cozzens's novelBy Love Possessedposited that the book's popularity was an “episode” in “The Middlebrow Counter-Revolution” then under way among American critics. That conclusion neglected the strategies of publishing, advertising, and authorial stance that Cozzens and his wife, the agent Sylvia Baumgarten, wielded to create a best seller. Macdonald also did not see how he and Cozzens shared a high-culture aesthetic and competed for power over readers threatening to make criticism irrelevant. Each tried to consolidate that power by depicting his adversary as socially inferior: as Jew, queer, or feminized “middlebrow.” Although Macdonald's appropriation of Cozzens's own values succeeded in damaging Cozzens's reputation, the authority that Macdonald hoped to preserve was likewise about to collapse under pressure from mass culture and postmodern relativism. The Macdonald–Cozzens imbroglio thus provides a useful example of the provisional nature of cultural hierarchy at any given historical moment.
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López Díaz, Montserrat. "El humor como procedimiento discursivo en los anuncios publicitarios." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 43, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 25–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.43.1.03lop.
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Humorous discourse overlays conventional discourse, providing both a humorous surface interpretation of reality, and a serious or standard underlying one. This paper attempts to show how humorous discourse in printed advertising usually produces a deviant understanding due to the fact that there is normally an incongruous sign or icon that distorts our vision of things. There is a transgression of common norms that transforms familiar things into weird and bizarre, creating a playful message. We distinguish various humorous procedures: irony, sarcasm, parody, pastiche, wit, absurdity, rarity and paradox. These procedures are categorized in three main functions: (a) amusement, when humor is seen as entertainment; (b) cynicism, when it is provocative; and (c) criticism, when it is understood as reproof. Humor must produce an unexpected, but pleasant, relationship with the recipient, who is always prompted to make firstly a common sense interpretation. In that way, recipient’s cooperation is necessary to obtain the humorous effect.
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Petty, Ross D. "Pain-Killer: A 19th Century Global Patent Medicine and the Beginnings of Modern Brand Marketing." Journal of Macromarketing 39, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146719865770.
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This paper examines the marketing of a so-called “patent medicine, Perry Davis’ Vegetable Pain-Killer, to suggest that many of its 19th century brand marketing practices were precursors to modern brand marketing tactics. Pain-Killer developed a distinctive brand identity through the creation and protection of several brand elements including the product itself, its name, packaging and advertising. The Pain-Killer brand also offered useful content marketing in terms of almanacs, “advertainment” consisting of a book of rhymes and pictures relating to Pain-Killer and a brand story centered in part on its inventor and founder Perry Davis. The Pain-Killer brand enjoyed decades of success reportedly selling 100 million bottles in 60 years (Bismarck Daily Tribune 1905). Ultimately, this brand disappeared because Pain-Killer became a generic product category name rather than a brand name and drug criticism and regulation limited its formulation and ability to advertise using cure-all claims.
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Oktayusita, Setiya Hertanti, Basuki Agus Suparno, and Christina Rochayanti. "Reception Analysis of Millennials Generation to Ads in Social Media." Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 17, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/jik.v17i2.3696.
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Gerindra presented an ad under the title of “Indonesia Bergerak Bersama Gerindra dan Rakyat version Sarjana Kerja Kerja Kerja!”, but due to the use of symbols and visualization, it became viral and caused controversy in the community. This study aims to determine the opinion of millennials response after watching the ads. The research is qualitative research approach used is the analysis of the reception, the technique of collecting data is using interviews, observation and document analysis. The theory used to analyze the meaning of the audience is the encoding-decoding, reception analysis theory and new media theory. The result of this study indicate three position of millennials reception, namely a dominant, negotiated, and oppositional position. In the dominant position, it’s considered as a good political ad because it successfully criticizes the government by presenting the reality of the existing problems. In the negotiating position, millennials saw the ads containing a message of criticism without a solution, in this condition millennials refused some symbols such as the use of profession symbols and titles in it, while in the opposition position, millennials considered the ads irrelevant and interpret it as a black campaign. There are several factors that become the benchmark of the millennials in perceiving that ads in social media like the character of millennials, education background, job, experience and view or tendencies to political parties. This research contributes in the form of policy recommendations to the Gerinda Party to pay more attention to solutions to criticism of advertising so as not to cause new problems.
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Parsons, Patricia J. "Integrating ethics with strategy: analyzing disease‐branding." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 12, no. 3 (August 14, 2007): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13563280710776860.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethics of a specific communication strategy to support the contention that ethics needs to be an integrated operational consideration in the corporate communication planning process rather than an afterthought.Design/methodology/approachUsing the marketing communication strategy referred to as disease branding as a case‐in‐point, the “Five Pillars of Ethics for Public Communication” provide a framework for analysis of the need for making ethics an operational consideration in planning.FindingsCommunication strategies attempted by organizations today are subject to public criticism. Disease branding, a prime example, is paradoxically a “non‐branded” approach to marketing pharmaceuticals directly to consumers. Pejoratively referred to as disease‐mongering, this promotion of diseases rather than drugs neatly side‐steps the increasing criticism and even legal obstacles that face or threaten to face direct‐to‐consumer advertising of branded, prescription drugs. It is an innovative, non‐traditional tactic that has been enormously successful in widening markets for specific drug preparations. Application of the “Five Pillars” for ethical analysis finds that this strategy fails to meet the acceptable ethical standard in four out of five.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to the application of one approach to ethical evaluation, although it is one that encompasses a number of widely accepted standards for practice.Practical implicationsAn ethical analysis using the “Five Pillars” can be implemented by any corporate communication professional as a litmus test for determining the ethics of strategies under development during the operational planning process.Originality/valueThis paper fills a gap in the information available to corporate communication professionals about how to operationalize ethics.
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Tomljenovic, Lucija, and Christopher A. Shaw. "Too Fast or Not Too Fast: The FDA's Approval of Merck's HPV Vaccine Gardasil." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 3 (2012): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00698.x.
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There are not many public health issues where views are as extremely polarized as those concerning vaccination policies. Ever since its Fast Track approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006, Merck's human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil has been sparking controversy. Initially, the criticism has been focused at Merck, due to their overly aggressive marketing strategies and lobbying campaigns. According to a 2007 editorial in Nature Biotechnology, Surrounded by a chorus of disapproval, Merck cracked. As Nature Biotechnology went to press, the company announced a cessation of all efforts to lobby for US state laws requiring compulsory vaccination. Subsequently, questions have been raised whether it was appropriate for vaccine manufacturers to partake in public health policies when their conflicts of interests were so obvious. Some of their advertising campaign slogans, such as cervical cancer kills x women per year and your daughter could become one less life affected by cervical cancer, seemed more designed to promote fear rather than evidence-based decision making about the potential benefits of the vaccine versus any risks.
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Pöttker, Horst. "„Die Presse verrät ihren Beruf“. Theodor Geiger (1891–1952) – ein (fast) vergessener Klassiker auch der Kommunikationswissenschaft." Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft 67, no. 4 (2019): 437–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1615-634x-2019-4-437.
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Theodor Geiger, who emigrated from Germany to Scandinavia in 1933 and never returned after 1945, was one of the last universal scholars in the field of social science. Among many contributions, Geiger provided decisive contributions to the sociology of law, to social stratification, and to the sociology of education and ideology criticism. Yet, his extensive research in the field of journalism, the public sphere and the media has only received scarce attention so far. His expertise as a classic also in the field of communication studies can, above all, be seen from the still existing topicality of his theoretical-normative, and at the same time empiric-analytical investigations. In his analysis of the intelligentsia which in his view includes journalists, he postulates that ideology critique based on facts and sober rationality should be the main task of this public-related occupation, which should confront all parties involved in the political power struggle in a fundamentally independent distance. In his ‘Criticism of Advertising’ he reconstructs the history of the development of this phenomenon, characteristic to affluent capitalistic societies, and designs a systematic typology of the methods of persuasive public communication. He also unmasks in precise economic argumentation as ideological errors the common assumptions that cross-financing by adverting would enhance the journalistic quality and would mean real money-saving to audiences. Moreover, of his empirical research on radio reception can teach us that there are realistic chances of popular distribution of cultural products, as well as methodical potentials are resulting from his experiment. From the example of Theodor Geiger, a classic forgotten in communication science and journalism, productive possibilities of an interdisciplinary subject history can be derived which does not understand itself as hagiography.
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Tarcov, Marianne, and Fareed Ben-Youssef. "Bodies in Pain, Pleasure, and Flux: Transgressive Femininity in Japanese Media and Literature." Japanese Language and Literature 53, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jll.2019.78.
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Across a diverse set of texts from Japanese media and literature, including professional wrestling, avant-garde writing, and Zainichi Korean literature, this special section explores the fluid relationship between femininity and the body, where one is neither defined nor determined by the other. At the crossroads of Asian studies, gender studies, media, and literature, this collection offers an interdisciplinary and transnational lens to consider this relationship in a Japanese context. To borrow from Lee's deployment of Gloria Anzaldúa's “Border Women,” transgression provides these papers with a theoretical framework of inherent ambiguity that lingers between worlds—between the sanctioned and the unsanctioned, between performer and persona, between the reader and text. The papers presented here all treat femininity, not as an essentialized category of gendered experience, but as a liminal border zone in which conventional notions of gender, sexuality, and media become fluid and ambiguous. Whether it is the border between perfume advertising and avant-garde poetry, literary criticism and butoh dance, autobiographical writing and oral forms of nonverbal performance, or professional wrestling and documentary film, the papers featured here all transgress disciplinary borders of media and genre while interrogating and disrupting conventional notions of femininity.
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Nainggolan, Bestian. "TYPOLOGY AND MARKET CONCENTRATION OF MEDIA CONGLOMERATE IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v2i1.89.
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The economic practices of media industry in Indonesia are inseparable from the pattern of oligopolistic market. This trend is seen from further of market media concentration, particularly market of advertising media in a number of media corporate groups. Media corporate groups apply practices of conglomeration in market control with horizontal, vertical, or diagonal integrated strategy. Criticism on these practices is often expressed, but there is no assessment based on the empirical evidence on the business behavior of media conglomeration. This paper explores the characteristics of media conglomerate by reconstructing the typology of media conglomeration introduced by Richard Bounce: Concentric Conglomerates and Diversified Conglomerates, and three models by Graham Murdock: Industrial Conglomerates, Services Conglomerates and Communications Conglomerates. Six typology models of conglomerate are formed, namely (1) Industrial-Concentric; (2) Industrial-Diversified; (3) Services-Concentric; (4) Services-Diversified; (5) Communications-Concentric; (6) Communications-Diversified. The economic performance of each conglomerate group regarding market concentration and market competition in constructing the market structure of media industry is studied based on the typologies. The study finds a new typology model of media conglomerate and manages to prove that national media conglomerate still dominates the media market in Indonesia.
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Ahmed, Muhammad, and Muhammad Tahir Jan. "An extension of Aaker’s brand personality model from Islamic perspective: a conceptual study." Journal of Islamic Marketing 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-10-2014-0068.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to browse literature based on Aaker’s brand personality modal and highlight criticism on it. Furthermore, the study proposes an Islamic brand personality modal based on Islamic teachings. Design/methodology/approach – Extensive research on Muslim characteristics based on Qur’an, hadith and scholarly work of traditional and modern scholars has been used to assess Aaker’s model. Expert opinions of faculty members from relevant field are also taken into consideration to propose Islamic brand personality model. Findings – Aaker’s brand personality dimensions have been revised in the light of Islamic teachings. As a result, few pre-existing dimensions have been re-named and several new dimensions such as moral character and trustworthiness are also included. Research limitations/implications – Considering the gap found in literature, the need to conduct brand personality research in the service industry such as Islamic banks is highlighted. Practical implications – Islamic brand personality model may help marketers effectively differentiate Islamic brands such as Islamic banks. It may also reinforce advertising techniques/tools to attract a large Muslim consumer market. Originality/value – This paper is one of the early attempts to see brand personality from Islamic perspective.
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Koller, Pavel, and Petr Darida. "Emotional Behavior with Verbal Violence: Problems and Solutions." Interdisciplinary Journal Papier Human Review 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijphr.v1i2.41.
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The aims of the paper is to identify the problems and solutions about emotional behavior with verbal violences. Emotional behavior have a lot of influence on other psychic functions, such as observation, response, thinking, and will. Individuals will be able to make good observations if accompanied by good emotions. Violence is generally classified into four types. According to Lowson, violence is classified into four forms, namely physical abuse (physical abuse) is violence perpetrated by someone until someone grows up, emotional abuse occurs when someone is in need of attention but is ignored, verbal abuse occurs when someone giving humiliation, harassment, labeling the pattern of communication, sexual violence (sexual abuse) occurs when someone forces sexual relations. All of the problems in those cases have a discussion and solutions which is (1) avoiding hoax news; (2) instilling habits of good behavior from an early age (parents must be careful when speaking in front of their children); (3) making persuasion advertising a form of strengthening social relations; (4) accustom positive criticism; (5) respect the privacy of others; (6) always use communication tools proportionally; (7) maintaining communication ethics; and (8) avoiding racist and racist content.
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Donovan, Robert J., Geoffrey Jalleh, and Owen B. J. Carter. "Tobacco Industry Smoking Prevention Advertisements' Impact on Youth Motivation for Smoking in the Future." Social Marketing Quarterly 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000600721644.
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The objective of this study was to assess the impact on young people of three tobacco industry (TI) advertisements previously screened on MTV Europe and in cinemas in Australia. The three ads were exposed to 14–18-year-old smokers and non-smokers using commercial advertising copy-testing techniques. The primary dependent variable for both smokers and non-smokers was the advertisement's ability to increase feelings of not wanting to smoke in the future, and, for smokers, the extent to which the ad made current smokers think they should try to stop smoking. The results for the TI ads were compared with copy testing data for youth-targeted Western Australian tobacco control (TC) ads. The TI ads performed as well or better than some TC ads, but not as well as other TC ads suggesting that attacks on the tobacco industry for airing smoking prevention ads cannot always use these ads' ineffectiveness as an argument for their removal. However, these tobacco industry ads may increase positive (or lessen negative) attitudes toward the tobacco industry, which could further the industry's aims of increased support or less criticism from community groups. It may be that this is the more important reason for advocates to call for such ads to be withdrawn.