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Journal articles on the topic 'Aedes egypti'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Campos, Jairo, and Carlos FS Andrade. "Susceptibilidade larval de duas populações de Aedes egypti a inseticidas químicos." Revista de Saúde Pública 35, no. 3 (June 2001): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102001000300003.

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OBJETIVO: A susceptibilidade dos insetos tem sido um dos mais importantes aspectos a ser monitorados em programas de saúde pública que tratam do controle de vetores. O estudo objetiva avaliar a susceptibilidade de larvas de Aedes aegypti a inseticidas químicos em áreas sujeitas ou não a controle. MÉTODOS: Bioensaios foram realizados com concentração de diagnóstico e concentração múltipla, segundo padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde para as coletas de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em uma área não sujeita -- Campinas, SP -- e em uma outra área sujeita -- Campo Grande, MS -- a tratamentos químicos de controle. RESULTADOS: Larvas de Aedes aegypti coletadas em Campinas indicaram resistência potencial à concentração-diagnóstico (CD) de 0,04 ppm do organofosforado temephos. O teste de concentração múltipla registrou sobrevivência de 24,5% à concentração de 0,0125 ppm. A susceptibilidade dessa mesma linhagem foi avaliada para o organofosforado fenitrothion (CD=0,08 ppm) e o piretróide cipermetrina (CD=0,01 ppm), resultando em valores normais para essas concentrações. Larvas de Ae. aegypti coletadas em Campo Grande mostraram susceptibilidade normal ao temephos (CD=0,04 ppm) e à cipermetrina (CD=0,01 ppm). Também foram estabelecidas as CL50 e as CL95 de cipermetrina 25 CE, cyfluthrin 5 CE, betacyfluthrin 1,25 SC e propoxur 20 CE para Ae. aegypti. Com base nos dados da linhagem-padrão Rockefeller, foram estimadas as razões de resistência de 2,9, 2,2, 2,4 e 1,3, respectivamente, pela CL50, e de 3,5, 2,6, 3,9 e 1,3 pela CL95. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de avaliações prévias e monitoramento da efetividade dos inseticidas que devem ser usados em programas de controle de mosquitos.
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2

Aji, Rustam, Sherly FSA, Rosmawati, and Agus Setya Budi. "PENGARUH AIR RENDAMAN GETAH PEPAYA TERHADAP KEMATIAN JENTIK AEDES AEGYPTI." Jurnal Kesehatan : Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences 9, no. 02 (February 19, 2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52395/jkjims.v9i02.158.

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Pemberantasan menggunakan fogging, serbuk abate, yang memiliki efek terhadap lingkungan.Peneliti mencari solusi larvasida alami yang aman dan efektif, Jentik Aedes aegypti yang tidak terpantau akan berkembang menjadi nyamuk dewasa, bisa menyebabkan penyakit Demam Berdarah. melihat banyaknya tumbuhan pepaya yang ditanam oleh warga di pekarangan rumah. Tumbuhan pepaya mengandung zat enzim papain, efek protease papain dapat membunuh jentik Aedes aegypti.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh air rendaman getah pepaya terhadap kematian jentik Aedes egypti. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Curup Tengah. Jenis quasi eksperimental, analisis Chi-square, menghitung odds ratio, uji Chi kuadrat. Hampir seluruh (94,4%) ada 34 jentik mati dan sebagian kecil (5,5%) ada 2 jentik hidup, dari 36 jentik Aedes aegypti dalam rendaman 50 ml air rendaman getah pepaya waktu dibawah 1 menit. Hasil analisis Chi-square nilaiP value=0.04<α0.05, ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara air rendaman rendaman getah pepaya terhadap kematian jentik Aedes aegypti. Dimana Nilai p value = 0.043, mempunyai pengaruh air rendaman rendaman getah pepaya, pada odds ratio = 4,10 kali.Agar warga masyarakat berperan aktif dalam pemberantasan jentik Aedes aegypti, melalui kegiatan membiasakan menbuat rendaman rendaman getah pepaya dituang kedalam tempat penampungan air.
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3

., Rustam Aji. "PENGARUH AIR RENDAMAN KULIT BATANG PEPAYA TERHADAP KEMATIAN JENTIK AEDES AEGYPTI PADA TEMPAT PENAMPUNGAN AIR DI KECAMATAN CURUP TENGAH." Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v14i1.83.

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The Aedes aegypti larva which is not monitored develops into an adult mosquito, causing Dengue Fever. Eradication using fogging, abate powder, has an effect on the environment. Researchers are looking for a safe and effective natural larvicidal solution using papaya plants. Papaya plants contain the enzyme papain substance, the effect of papain protease can kill the larva of Aedes aegypti. This study aims to determine the effect of water soaking papaya bark on the death of Aedes egypti larvae. Research location in Curup Tengah District. Quasi-experimental type, Chi-square analysis, calculating odds ratio, Chi-square test. Approximately (94.4%) there were 34 dead larvae, a small portion (5.5%) had 2 live larvae, from 36 larvae of Aedes aegypti in 50 ml of water soaking the papaya bark under 1 minute. Chi-square analysis results P value = 0.04 <α0.05, there is a significant effect of water soaking papaya bark on larvae death of Aedes aegypti. The value of p value = 0.043, has the influence of water soaking papaya bark, odds ratio = 4.10 times. It is expected that the community will play a role in eradicating the larva of Aedes aegypti, by making a marinade of papaya bark poured into a water reservoir Keywords: Papaya bark, larvae of Aedes aegypti
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4

Tourinho, Isabelly Gatti Rocha, and Mauro Márcio Tavares da Silva. "Reutilizar para combater o hospedeiro intermediário Aedes egypti: desenvolvendo a sensibilidade por meio de oficinas." Revista Brasileira de Educação Ambiental (RevBEA) 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/revbea.2021.v16.11569.

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O estudo apresenta ações do projeto Sustentabilidade: a universidade nas Ilhas - desenvolvido pela Unama -, o qual procura, por meio de oficinas de caráter interdisciplinar, realizar atividades voltadas para estudantes da educação básica da rede púbica de ensino, residentes nas ilhas situadas ao redor da cidade de Belém-PA. O foco da ação é o Aedes aegypti - hospedeiro intermediário da dengue, zika, febre amarela e chikungunya. Como forma de avaliação, foi aplicada uma pergunta antes e após a oficina, com intuito de fazer uma comparação entre os resultados. Por meio de análises qualiquatitativas, foi possível perceber um aumento de informações a respeito do assunto, concluindo que a ação foi de suma importância para a sensibilização dos participantes.
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5

Arora, Priya, Manisha Arora, Vishal Sharma, and Atul Kotwal. "Dengue: awareness, preventive practices and water storage behaviour in an urban community of Delhi." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 4460. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175148.

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Background: Dengue, an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes egypti mosquito, has become an important public health problem, with almost half the population of the world being at risk. Community awareness and involvement for vector control is an important aspect of disease prevention and control. The aims and objective was to assess awareness and preventive practices used for dengue and related water storage behaviour in an urban area of Delhi. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross sectional study. Results: Awareness about dengue fever and its mode of spread is quite high but the participants are not aware about the practices that are putting their surroundings at risk of vector breeding; especially when it comes to water storage behaviour. Conclusions: Behaviour change at individual and community level is essential for vector and hence dengue control, adoption of proper preventive practices and water storage behaviour needs to be emphasized at the community level.
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6

Indriyati, Liestiana, Salamiah Salamiah, Lutfhi Fatah, Eko Suhartono, Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, Abdullah Fadily, Paisal Paisal, and Dicky Andiarsa. "Aplikasi IJEN (Infeksi Jamur Entomopatogen pada Nyamuk) : Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae pada Nyamuk Aedes aegypti." Jurnal Vektor Penyakit 13, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v13i1.893.

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Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the main problems in Indonesia, its handling on chemical insecticides with insecticide resistance constraints that can inhibit vector control efforts. Entomopathogenic fungi especially Metarhizium anisopliae is one of bioinsecticides that has been widely used in agriculture for controlling insect attacks, effective in killing mosquitoes, safe for vertebrates, humans and the environment and has a small risk of resistance. Appropriate methods of formulation and application for M. anisopliae infection to mosquitoes suitable for mosquito bionomic and fungus characteristics are required. Experimental research with complete randomized design was conducted to test the efficacy of. M.anisopliae solution mixed olive oil and honey formula applied to ovitrap, plant trap and black cotton trap in infecting adult female Ae. aegypti. The death of Ae.a egypti and fungal growth on kadaver was observed everyday. 100% Ae. aegypti death was obtained in the ovitrap method with mixed formulation of M.anisopliae and olive oil. This method was also capable of infecting Ae.aegypti in various phases of both adults, eggs and larvae so that in this study ovitrap olive oil method was the most effective method for infecting M.anisopliae on Ae.aegypti. Abstrak Demam berdarah dengue merupakan salah satu masalah utama di Indoneisa. Penggunaan insektisida kimia sebagai upaya pengendalian DBD saat ini memiliki kendala resistensi insektisida yang dapat menghambat upaya pengendalian vektor. Jamur entomopatogen khususnya Metarhizium anisopliae adalah salah satu bioinsektisida yang telah digunakan secara luas di bidang pertanian untuk pengendalian serangan serangga efektif membunuh nyamuk, aman bagi vertebrata, manusia dan lingkungan serta memiliki risiko resistensi yang kecil. Diperlukan metode yang tepat baik dari formulasi maupun cara aplikasi untuk penginfeksian M.anisopliae kepada nyamuk yang sesuai dengan bionomik nyamuk dan karakteristik jamur. Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas formula M.anisopliae. Larutan M.anisopliae dicampur minyak zaitun dan madu yang diaplikasikan pada ovitrap, plant trap dan black cotton trap dalam menginfeksi Ae.aegypti betina dewasa. Pengamatan dilakukan pada kematian Ae.aegypti dan pertumbuhan jamur pada kadaver setiap hari. Kematian Ae.aegypti 100% didapatkan pada metode ovitrap dengan formulasi campuran M.anisopliae dan minyak zaitun. Metode ini juga mampu menginfeksi Ae.aegypti pada berbagai fase baik dewasa, telur maupun larva sehingga pada penelitian ini metode zaitun ovitrap dinyatakan metode yang paling efektif untuk penginfeksian M.anisopliae pada Ae.aegypti.
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7

Saleh, Nagla Mostafa Kamel. "Aedes Mosquito in Aswan Governorate , Egypt." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (April 2012): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0006311.

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8

Abozeid, Shaimaa, Adel K. Elsayed, Francis Schaffner, and Abdallah M. Samy. "Re-emergence of Aedes aegypti in Egypt." Lancet Infectious Diseases 18, no. 2 (February 2018): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30018-5.

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9

Shoukry, Nahla M., Mohamed A. Elwan, and Tosson A. Morsy. "Aedes Aegypti ( Linnaeus ) Re-Emerging in Southern Egypt." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (April 2012): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0006293.

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10

Mohammed. Ibrahim, Hamdi, Mahmoud Khalil, Mohamed Elsawy, Mohamed Samir. Ismail, and Mostafa Alfishawy. "1682. Dengue Fever Outbreak Investigation in Upper Egypt in 2015." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1546.

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Abstract Background Surveillance is the backbone of infectious diseases control but an outbreak of a new pathogen to a developing country may have devastating consequences given less prepared healthcare systems in such countries. In October 2015, there was a sharp rise of febrile illnesses reported in Dairot Fever Hospital which prompted the general department for fever hospitals in the Egyptian ministry of health (MOH) to constitute a scientific committee for field visit study in Dairot fever hospital. Methods The committee held meetings at Dairot fever hospital, educated local healthcare providers, examined all isolated patients and requested samples of 118 isolated patients to be sent to central laboratories of MOH. Entomological services were also part of the committee and surveillance was started in the affected area. Results Out of 118 samples, 28 came back positive for Dengue virus type 1 by ELISA and PCR. Entomological surveillance revealed the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae and adult mosquito at the sites where cases were living; consequently, entomological control measures for dengue vector were immediately set leading to a dramatic decline in the density of adult mosquito (from 23% to 0%) and larvae (from 25% to 0.5%). Conclusion The prompt response of the MOH in Egypt led to rapid control of Dengue fever outbreak but educating healthcare workers about possible imported infectious diseases would have halted the outbreak much earlier which shows the importance of Infectious Diseases training in developing countries. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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11

Fawzy, Mohamed, and Yosra A. Helmy. "The One Health Approach is Necessary for the Control of Rift Valley Fever Infections in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review." Viruses 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020139.

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging transboundary, mosquito-borne, zoonotic viral disease caused high morbidity and mortality in both human and ruminant populations. It is considered an important threat to both agriculture and public health in African and the Middle Eastern countries including Egypt. Five major RVF epidemics have been reported in Egypt (1977, 1993, 1994, 1997, and 2003). The virus is transmitted in Egypt by different mosquito's genera such as Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia, leading to abortions in susceptible animal hosts especially sheep, goat, cattle, and buffaloes. Recurrent RVF outbreaks in Egypt have been attributed in part to the lack of routine surveillance for the virus. These periodic epizootics have resulted in severe economic losses. We posit that there is a critical need for new approaches to RVF control that will prevent or at least reduce future morbidity and economic stress. One Health is an integrated approach for the understanding and management of animal, human, and environmental determinants of complex problems such as RVF. Employing the One Health approach, one might engage local communities in surveillance and control of RVF efforts, rather than continuing their current status as passive victims of the periodic RVF incursions. This review focuses upon endemic and epidemic status of RVF in Egypt, the virus vectors and their ecology, transmission dynamics, risk factors, and the ecology of the RVF at the animal/human interface, prevention, and control measures, and the use of environmental and climate data in surveillance systems to predict disease outbreaks.
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MOSTAFA, AZZA, MOHAMMED RASHED, NOUR ELDIN ALY, AHMED HASAN, and MICHEAL MIKHAIL. "ENTOMOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI AND ARBOVIRUSES OUTBREAK OF DENGUE FEVER IN THE RED SEA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 49, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesp.2019.68080.

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13

El-Hela, Atef A., Nevein M. Abdel-Hady, and Gouda T. M. Dawoud. "Phenolic Content , Antioxidant Potential and Aedes Aegyptii Ecological Friend Larvicidal Activity of Some Selected Egyptian Plants." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 43, no. 1 (April 2013): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0006379.

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14

Wassim, Nahla M., Belal A. Soliman, Doaa Farag Yamani, and Ismail M. Adel Nabi. "Rapid assay to differentiate the two forms of Egyptian Aedes caspius (diptera: culicidae) using acetylcholinesterase gene." Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology 66, no. 1 (January 2013): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobaz.2013.07.001.

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15

EL-HELA, ATEF, NEVEIN ABDEL-HADY, GOUDA DAWOUD, ABDO, HAMED, and TOSSON MORSY. "PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND AEDES AEGYPTII ECOLOGICAL FRIEND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SOME SELECTED EGYPTIAN PLANTS." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesp.2013.96258.

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16

Al-Ghamdi, Khalid, and Jazem Mahyoub. "Seasonal Abundance of Aedes egyptii (L.) in Jeddah Governorate with Evaluating its Susceptibility to Some Conventional and Non Conventional Insecticides." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 21, no. 1 (2010): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.21-1.10.

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17

Soliman, B. A., N. M. Wassim, and J. R. Linley. "Distinguishing the Two Forms of Egyptian Aedes ( Ochlerotatus) Caspius Palias Species ( Diptera : Culicidae ) by Ultra Structure Micrographs of Eggs." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 44, no. 1 (April 2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0006447.

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18

SOLIMAN, B., N. WASSIM, and J. LINLEY. "DISTINGUISHING THE TWO FORMS OF EGYPTIAN AEDES (OCHLEROTATUS) CASPIUS PALIAS SPECIES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) BY ULTRA STRUCTURE MICROGRAPHS OF EGGS." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 44, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesp.2014.90705.

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19

Makirita, Winisia, Leonard Chauka, and Musa Chacha. "Larvicidal activity of Clausena anisata fruits and leaves extracts against Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes egyptiae." Spatula DD - Peer Reviewed Journal on Complementary Medicine and Drug Discovery 5, no. 3 (2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/spatula.20151118060743.

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20

Tawfik, Mostafa Niazy, Sayed Fahmy Hassan, Osama Reyad Sallam, and Nabil Zaki Kinawy. "Tissue Annual Effective Doses Estimation from Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials at Ramlet Homayier Area - South Western Sinai, Egypt." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 15 (February 16, 2019): 6138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v15i0.8080.

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?-ray spectrometric survey shows many radioactive anomalies within the ferruginous siltstone of the lower Um Bogma Formation. The high average eU/eTh values indicate an addition of uranium (migration in) in both the two regions. The results obtained from field measurements show that the indoor annual effective dose in Ramlit Homayier and Heboush area are (48.71 mSv) and (19.70 mSv) respectively while that estimated by HPGE detector were (1.90 and 0.08 mSv). According to AEDE obtained, the dose delivered to each tissue is estimated and it reveals high dose risk to public derived from the exposure to subsurface NORM in Ramlet Homayier more than Heboush area for most body tissues Consequently staying in such levels of NORM requires a high caution and awareness to minimize the health risk accompanied to daily exposure of public and applying radiation protection principals to achieve a better safe working and living environment.
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21

Sinoorkar, Vinod P., Snehal M. Mathe, and Neha Guttikonda. "In Silico Analysis and Molecular Modelling of NS2B-NS3 Protein in Dengue." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, March 15, 2019, 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst1962101.

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Dengue fever is frequently born viral infection caused by female mosquito Aedes egypti. Transmission of dengue infection is transfer from one host to another by infected mosquito bite. Dengue virus is categorized into various serotypes on the basis of their genetic material variable. Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever is serious risk factor to Mankind Nowdays there is no specific vaccine to treat the dengue infection. There is need to design potent antiviral vaccine against dengue fever. NS2B-NS3 act as potent drug target in dengue fever. Hence our present work to achieve to understand detail molecular properties of NS2B-NS3 protein by retrieving its amino acid sequence from protein database like PDB. Analysis of physicochemical parameters, secondary and tertiary structure prediction. structure visualization is done by using Rasmol structure visualization tool. Predicted model is validated using procheck analysis. This all information gives primary information for future work to perform computer aided drug design against dengue fever.
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Díez-Fernández, Alazne, Josué Martínez-de la Puente, Santiago Ruiz, Rafael Gutiérrez-López, Ramón Soriguer, and Jordi Figuerola. "Correction to: Aedes vittatus in Spain: current distribution, barcoding characterization and potential role as vectors of human diseases." Parasites & Vectors 12, no. 1 (October 14, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3737-8.

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Unfortunately, the original version of this article [1] contained an error. In the distribution map in Fig. 3, the presence of the mosquito Aedes vittatus was incorrectly indicated for Libya and Egypt.
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Gomaa, Mohammed, Ahmed Esmael, and Mohammed Saad. "Triggering Factors for Breakthrough Seizures among Epileptic Patients. Cross Sectional Study in Epileptic Patients Attending Epilepsy Clinic Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, June 7, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/indj/2019/v13i130103.

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Background: The prevalence of breakthrough seizures in persons with epilepsy is very high in developing countries. Consequently, patients and physicians should be aware of the possible factors that may cause breakthrough seizures. Objective: The aim of our study is to determine the possible factors that may be a precipitating cause for breakthrough seizures in patients with epilepsy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 persons with epilepsy with idiopathic epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). They were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 50 persons with epilepsy with a history of recent breakthrough seizures. Group 2 included 50 persons with epilepsy who had not experienced any recent breakthrough seizures. Patients were subjected to a thorough questionnaire addressing precipitating factors. All participants were subjected to an electroencephalogram (EEG) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Results: There was no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 regarding age, sex, age of onset of epilepsy, occupation and marital status (P value range 0.5 – 0.2). The patients in group 1 were found to have longer durations of epilepsy, lower adherence to AEDs (P = 0.001), more missed doses of AEDs (P = 0.0001), more side effects of AEDs (P = 0.0005), more sleep deprivation, lower level of AEDs (P = 0.0006), more frequently on AED polytherapy (P = 0.0002), and more flickering lights (P = 0.04) than the participants in group 2. In terms of the EEG, group 1 showed a higher percentage of abnormal EEGs and more frequent focal epileptiform discharges (P = 0.003). Also, pathological findings in MRI brain were associated with higher breakthrough seizures (P = 0.005). No significant difference was found in both group1 and group 2 regarding emotional stress (P = 0.55), substitution of brand AEDs by generic one (P = 0.83), concurrent illness (P = 1), or the use of non AEDs (P = 0.79). Conclusion: The precipitating factors of breakthrough seizures are multifactorial and it is very important to educate patients about these precipitating factors to achieve better control of epilepsy.
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Abdelhady, Salem, Hossam Shokri, Mai Fathy, and mona Mokhtar wahid el din. "Evaluation of the direct costs of epilepsy in a sample of Egyptian patients following up in Ain Shams University Hospital." Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery 56, no. 1 (November 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41983-020-00247-3.

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Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain, and it is considered as the 4th common neurological disorder. Epilepsy is associated with an economic burden by imposing a significant burden on both the individuals who have the condition and on those around them, as well as for the society. Objective Our objective is to study and evaluate the direct costs associated with the medical management of epilepsy, one of the most common neurological conditions. Methods Observational, cross-sectional 4-month study started in December 2018 till April 2019 in patients between 2 and 60 years of age with epilepsy without other concomitant diseases. The direct medical costs include the number of neurology and emergency room visits, number and type of diagnostic tests, days of hospitalization, and treatment administered for epilepsy. Results We studied data from 194 patients, with a mean age of 30.6 years; the mean cost for treatment with carbamazepine was 78.6 Egyptian pound (EGP); for valproate, the cost was 288.4 EGP, and for levetiracetam, the cost was 491 EGP. The mean cost of electroencephalogram (EEG) is 108 EGP, and for computer tomography scan (CT) of the brain and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, it is 149.4 and 423.7 EGP respectively. The mean cost for hospitalization was 610.5 EGP, and the cost for intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 515.4 EGP. Conclusion The economic cost of epilepsy constitutes a major burden for the patients as well as their families; most of the direct cost was attributed to the purchase of AEDs. This necessitates creating strategies to ensure regular access to affordable AEDs as well as introducing other varieties of AEDs more potent with less side effects.
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Elmagid, Dina Salama Abd, Maha Abdelsalam, Hend Magdy, and Noha Tharwat. "The association between MDR1 C3435T genetic polymorphism and the risk of multidrug-resistant epilepsy in Egyptian children." Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics 22, no. 1 (March 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43042-021-00152-1.

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Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic disease affecting about 2% of the population and is considered a serious neurological disease. Despite its good prognosis, 20–30% of epileptic patients were not cured of their seizures even with the many trials of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. The resistance mechanism is still unclear, maybe due to the effect of the genetic factors on the bioavailability of the drugs. Consequently, the association between therapy resistance and the presence of a gene called “multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)” had been proposed. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of MDR1C3435T and the resistance to AEDs. Result A non-significant association was found between MDR1 C3435T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there was statistical significance in the association between the drug type and the genotype distribution, in cases that were maintained on sodium valproate and MDR1C3435T genotype. Conclusion Possible involvement of the MDR1 gene C 3435T polymorphism with sodium valproate resistance clarifies the importance of genetic variability in response to the drug and may help to find novel genetic therapy for epilepsy, by targeting the biological mechanisms responsible for epilepsy in each specific individual. Future studies with bigger sample sizes and in other racial populations will be necessary.
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