Academic literature on the topic 'Aeginetia indica'

Medicinal plants are the source of therapeutic agents in traditional medicines. The present study investigated Mizo traditional medicinal plants commonly used and available at N. Mualcheng, a village in Mizoram, India. The most important plants in terms of usage and availability as 10 species belonging to 9 families, of which Asteraceae contributes two species (such as Blumea lanceolaria, Acmella sp.), while Fabaceae, Acanthaceae, Costaceae, Orobanchaceae, Proteaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Smilacaceae and Plantaginaceae contribute one species each such as Mimosa pudica, Thunbergia grandiflora, Chamaecostus cuspidatus, Aeginetia indica, Helicia robusta, Elaeagnus caudata, Smilax perfoliata and Plantago asiatica respectively. An important feature of these medicinal plants is that some of them are used for complex diseases including kidney problem, gastric ulcer and diabetes mellitus.

Orobanchaceae have become a model group for studies on the evolution of parasitic flowering plants, and Aeginetia indica, a holoparasitic plant, is a member of this family. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of A. indica. The chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were 56,381 bp and 401,628 bp long, respectively. The chloroplast genome of A. indica shows massive plastid genes and the loss of one IR (inverted repeat). A comparison of the A. indica chloroplast genome sequence with that of a previous study demonstrated that the two chloroplast genomes encode a similar number of proteins (except atpH) but differ greatly in length. The A. indica mitochondrial genome has 53 genes, including 35 protein-coding genes (34 native mitochondrial genes and one chloroplast gene), 15 tRNA (11 native mitochondrial genes and four chloroplast genes) genes, and three rRNA genes. Evidence for intracellular gene transfer (IGT) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) was obtained for plastid and mitochondrial genomes. ψndhB and ψcemA in the A. indica mitogenome were transferred from the plastid genome of A. indica. The atpH gene in the plastid of A. indica was transferred from another plastid angiosperm plastid and the atpI gene in mitogenome A. indica was transferred from a host plant like Miscanthus siensis. Cox2 (orf43) encodes proteins containing a membrane domain, making ORF (Open Reading Frame) the most likely candidate gene for CMS development in A. indica.

碩士
國立中興大學
植物學系
88
Aeginetia indica（Orobanchaceae）is an annual holoparasitic plant. It attaches on roots of grasses. The plant is composed of the underground part and the inflorescence. The haustoria and runners are the vegetative parts of the plant, which is located underground. Runners are the root system and can attack the host roots, forming a tuber-like structure, called haustorium. Furthermore, the haustorium can produce runners, and these secondary runners can, again, form the new haustoria when they meet another host roots. After the haustorial cells successfully intrude into the host stele, the interface is formed at the place where the parasite and host tissues connect. When searching for the literature, there is little information on the aspects of development and detailed structure of haustorium in Aeginetia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the floral development of A. indicia inflorescence. We are also interested in the structures of the runner, haustorium and interface. We used the technique for SEM, paraffin and plastic sectioning to conduct the investigations. Based on the early stage of floral development, the inflorescence is raceme. Initiation of floral primordia begins with the formation of calyx primodia. The primodia of five corolla lobes and four stamens initiate simultaneously, and followed by gynoecium primodium. Internally, the haustorium consists of ground tissue and conducting tissue. Cells of the ground tissue contain abundant starch grains, indicating the function of storage. The conducting tissue is composed of parenchyma cells and tracheary elements (some are vessel elements with simple perforation, but there is no detectable phloem anywhere). The conducting tissue attaches the interface by one end and the other end grows toward the runner stele, but the connection never completes. At the interface, direct xylem connection establishes by contacts of tracheary elements from both host and parasite, but there is no open connection. The runner consists of epidermis, cortex and stele, but no endodermis can be found, instead, there are 1~3 cell layers sclereids at the related position. We suggest that such sclereids may support the runner. In the runner stele, there are sieve tube elements with sieve plates, but very rare. There is also no pericycle in the stele, and the xylem arrangement is not so typical as the actinostele of ordinary dicotylenons. Another interesting result is that the A. indicia runner root has root-cap, which is a new finding in Orobanchaceae except Christisonia.

博士
國立清華大學
化學系
87
Studies on the Constituents of the Parasitic Plants (Aeginetia indica, Cassytha filiformis) and Chinese Medicines (Tetrapanax papyriferus, Michelia compressa) in Taiwan. Use the MPLC, HPLC, we got eighty two copound show below： 1. Aeginetia indica (5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-b-ionone (1)、(5R,6R)-5-(1,2-dihydr -oxy-2,6,6- trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-methyl-penta-2,4-dienal (2)、balanophoni -n (3)、aeginin(4)、genkwanin (5)、dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (6)、balanophonin 4-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (7)、aegineoside (8)、dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol g''-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (9)、genkwanin-4''-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (10)、acacetin-7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (11)、apig -enin-7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (12)、caffeoyl-9-O-(1O4)-b-D-glucopyrnosyl -a-L-rhamnopyranoside (13)、cistanoside C (14)、2?"''-diacetyl acteoside (15)及galactitol (16)。 2. Cassytha filiformis 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (17)、4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (18)、5-hydroxy-3,7,4''-trimethoxyflavone (19)、5-hydroxy-7,4''-trimethoxyflavone (20)、morellic acid (21)、filiformin (22)、(5R,6R,9S)-7-E-megastigmene-5,6,9-triol (23)、(5R,6R,9R)-7-E-megastigm -e-5,6,9-triol (24)、(5R,6R,9S)-9-methoxy-7-E-megastigmene-5,6-diol (25)、(5R,6R,9R)-9-methoxy-7-E-megastigmene-5,6-diol (26)、vanillic acid (27)、9-O-methyl-balanophonin (28)、cassyformin (29)、acacetin (30)、3,5-dihyd -roxy-7,4''-dimethoxyflavone (31)、isorhamnetin (32)、quercetin (33)及isoham -netin-3-a-L-rhamnosyl-7-b-D-glucopyranoside (34)。 3. Tetrapanax papyriferus coumarin (35)、cinnamyl alcohol (36)、dihydrocoumarin (37)、5-formylbenzofuran (38)、1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene (39)、trans-cinnamic acid (40)、papyriogenin A (41)、papyriogenin C (42)、epipapyriogenin C (43)、28-norolean-11,13(18),17(22)-trien-3,21-dione (44)、3a-hydroxy-28-norolean -11,13(18),17(22)-trien-21-one (45)、3a,21b,22a-trihydroxy-11,13(18)-olean adien-28-oic acid (46)、3,7,4''-triacetyl-5-hydroxyflavone (47)、kaempferol (48)、astragalin (49)、afzelin (50)、kaempferol 7-(2-E-p-coumaroyl-a-L-rhamnoside) (51)、kaempferol 7-(2,3-di-E-p-coumaroyl-a-L-rhamnoside) (52)、a mixture of palmitic acid and stearic acid、a mixture of methyl palmitate and methyl stearate、hexadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl ester、(-)-loliolide (53)、22-acetyl-28-norolean-11,13(18),17(22)-trien-3,21-dione (54)、3b-acetylpapyriogenin C (55)、21a-O-methyl-papyriogenin D (56)、a mixture of stigmasterol and b-sitosterol (57)、a mixture of stigmast-7-en-3-ol and stigmast-7,22-dien-3-ol (58)、a mixture of 3-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one and 3-hydroxystigmast-5,22-dien-7-one (59)、a mixture of stigmast-4,6-dien-3-ol and stigmast-4,6,22-trien-3-ol (60)及a mixture of stigmast-4-en-3,6-diol and stigmast-4,22-dien-3,6-diol (61)。 4.Michelia compressa fern-9(11)-ene (62)、b-selinene (63)、canarol (64)、michelial (65)、eudesman-5,11-diol (66)、4-eudesmen-1b,11-diol (67)、b-sitosterol (57a)、1b-acetoxy-3-eudesmen-11-ol (68)、phaseic acid (69)、michelactone (70)、b-sitosteryl stearate (71)。