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1
Ahmad, Ishtiaque, Anjum Khalique, Muhammad Qamar Shahid, Abdul Ahid Rashid, Furukh Faiz, Muhammad Asim Ikram, Sheraz Ahmed, et al. "Studying the Influence of Apple Peel Polyphenol Extract Fortification on the Characteristics of Probiotic Yoghurt." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010077.
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The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of apple peel polyphenol extract (APPE) on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of probiotic yoghurt. Five concentrations of APPE were added in probiotic yoghurt as: (1) CTL, control without APPE; (2) AE1, addition of 1% APPE; (3) AE2, addition of 2% APPE; (4) AE3, addition of 3% APPE; (5) AE4, addition of 4% APPE; and (6) AE5, addition of 5% APPE. The prepared probiotic yoghurt was stored at 4 °C for 21 days and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties. The initial viable count of L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, B. lactis and L. acidophilus were similar in all yoghurt samples at day 1. The maximum viability loss of probiotics was observed in CTL (p < 0.05). The lowest viability loss of probiotics was observed in AE5 samples (p < 0.05). The acidity, water holding capacity and viscosity were increased with the addition of APPE. No significant effects were observed on milk fat and total solid contents of probiotic yoghurt with the addition of APPE. The total phenolic contents of probiotic yoghurt increased significantly as 0.59, 0.71, 0.97, 1.18, 1.35 in AE1, AE2, AE3, AE4 and AE5, samples respectively. It was observed that AE3 and AE4 samples had better taste, flavour and colour with good texture. The survival of probiotics and antioxidant activity of the yoghurts were enhanced with the addition of APPE. In conclusion, apple peels could be successfully used as prebiotic in yoghurt with increased viable counts of probiotics.
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Žlajpah, Margareta, Emanuela Boštjančič, Bojan Tepeš, and Nina Zidar. "Expression of Extracellular Matrix-Related Genes and Their Regulatory microRNAs in Problematic Colorectal Polyps." Cancers 12, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123715.
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Colorectal carcinoma usually evolves gradually, forming a spectrum of lesions, due to accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations. Many early lesions are detected since the introduction of screening programs. The greatest challenge is to distinguish between adenomas with epithelial misplacement (AEM) and adenomas with early carcinoma (AEC), considering the diagnosis affects prognosis and treatment. We analyzed the expression of selected extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and proteins, and their regulatory microRNAs using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in biopsies from 44 patients. Differences were observed in AEM in comparison to AEC for DCN, EPHA4, FN1, SPON2, and SPP1, reflecting inflammatory stromal reaction to traumatisation and misplacement of dysplastic glands in the submucosa in the former, and desmoplastic stromal reaction to true invasion of dysplastic glands in the submucosa in the latter. Expression of regulatory microRNAs hsa-miR-200c and hsa-miR-146a significantly negatively correlated with the expression of their regulated genes, while significant difference between AEM and AEC was observed only for hsa-miR-29c. The described expression patterns are too complex to be used in diagnostic work, but might contribute to better understanding ECM changes in colorectal carcinoma development, helping to find new markers in the future.
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Lee, Y.-W., and C.-W. Lee. "Dynamic analysis and control of an active engine mount system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440702321031469.
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Dynamic characteristics of a prototype active engine mount (AEM), designed on the basis of a hydraulic engine mount, have been investigated and an adaptive controller for the AEM has been designed. An equivalent mass-spring-damper AEM model is proposed, and the transfer function that describes the dynamic characteristics of the AEM is deduced from mathematical analysis of the model. The damping coefficient of the model is derived by considering the non-linear flow effect in the inertia track. Experiments confirmed that the model precisely describes the dynamic characteristics of the AEM. An adaptive controller using the filtered-X LMS algorithm is designed to cancel the force transmitted through the AEM. The stability of the LMS algorithm is guaranteed by using the secondary path transfer function derived on the basis of the dynamic model of the AEM. The performance test in the laboratory shows that the AEM system is capable of significantly reducing the force transmitted through the AEM.
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Macnae, James, and Aaron Davis. "An AEM system calibration." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2010, no. 1 (December 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/22020586.2010.12042003.
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Michael, J. R., K. A. Taylor, and J. G. Speer. "AEM in Steel Research." JOM 40, no. 3 (March 1988): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03258931.
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Dewar, Noah, and Rosemary Knight. "Constructing the resistivity-to-sediment-type transform for the interpretation of airborne electromagnetic data." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): IM37—IM55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0831.1.
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A novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based methodology was developed for the transformation of resistivity, derived from airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data, into sediment type. This methodology was developed and tested using AEM data and well sediment type and resistivity logs from Butte and Glenn Counties in the California Central Valley. Our methodology accounts for the spatially varying sensitivity of the AEM method by constructing different transforms separated based on the sensitivity of the AEM method. The large spatial separation that typically exists between the AEM data and the wells with sediment type logs was avoided by planning the acquisition of AEM data so as to fly as close as possible to the well locations. We had 55 locations with sediment type logs and AEM data separated by 100 m, determined to be the maximum acceptable separation distance. Differences in vertical resolution between the AEM method and the sediment type logs were addressed by modeling the physics of the AEM measurement, allowing for a comparison of field and AEM data generated during the MCMC process. The influence of saturation state was captured by creating one set of transforms for the region above the top of the saturated zone and another for below. Using the set of transforms developed at the 55 locations, an inverse distance weighting scheme that included a well quality ranking was used to construct a set of 12 (six sensitivity bins, and two saturation states) resistivity-to-sediment-type transforms at every AEM data location. These represent a set of transforms that accommodate the variation in AEM sensitivity and are independent of the inversion used to retrieve the resistivity model. Thus, these transforms avoid two of the significant limitations common to resistivity-to-sediment-type transforms used to interpret AEM data.
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Richards, S. M., M. E. Jaconi, G. Vassort, and M. Puceat. "A spliced variant of AE1 gene encodes a truncated form of Band 3 in heart: the predominant anion exchanger in ventricular myocytes." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 10 (May 15, 1999): 1519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.10.1519.
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The anion exchangers (AE) are encoded by a multigenic family that comprises at least three genes, AE1, AE2 and AE3, and numerous splicoforms. Besides regulating intracellular pH (pHi) via the Cl-/HCO3- exchange, the AEs exert various cellular functions including generation of a senescent antigen, anchorage of the cytoskeleton to the membrane and regulation of metabolism. Most cells express several AE isoforms. Despite the key role of this family of proteins, little is known about the function of specific AE isoforms in any tissue, including the heart. We therefore chose isolated cardiac cells, in which a tight control of pHi is mandatory for the excitation-contraction coupling process, to thoroughly investigate the expression of the AE genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. RT-PCR revealed the presence of AE1, AE2 and AE3 mRNAs in both neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes. AE1 is expressed both as the erythroid form (Band 3 or eAE1) and a novel alternate transcript (nAE1), which was more specifically characterized using a PCR mapping strategy. Two variants of AE2 (AE2a and AE2c) were found at the mRNA level. Cardiac as well as brain AE3 mRNAs were expressed in both neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes. Several AE protein isoforms were found, including a truncated form of AE1 and two AE3s, but there was no evidence of AE2 protein in adult rat cardiomyocytes. In cardiomyocytes transfected with an AE3 oligodeoxynucleotide antisense, AE3 immunoreactivity was dramatically decreased but the activity of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange was unchanged. In contrast, intracellular microinjection of blocking anti-AE1 antibodies inhibited the AE activity. Altogether, our findings suggest that a specific and novel AE1 splicoform (nAE1) mediates the cardiac Cl-/HCO3- exchange. The multiple gene and protein expression within the same cell type suggest numerous functions for this protein family.
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STERLING, Deborah, and Joseph R. CASEY. "Transport activity of AE3 chloride/bicarbonate anion-exchange proteins and their regulation by intracellular pH." Biochemical Journal 344, no. 1 (November 8, 1999): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3440221.
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Plasma membrane Cl-/HCO3- anion-exchange (AE) proteins contribute to regulation of intracellular pH (pHi). We characterized the transport activity and regulation by pHi of full-length AE3 and the cardiac isoform, AE3c, both of which are expressed in the heart. AE3c is an N-terminal variant of AE3. We also characterized AE1, AE2 and a deletion construct (AE3tr) coding for the common region of AE3 and AE3c. AE proteins were expressed by transient transfection of HEK-293 cells, and transport activity was monitored by following changes of intracellular pH or intracellular chloride concentration associated with anion exchange. Transport activities, measured as proton flux (mM H+˙min-1), were as follows: AE1, 24; AE2, 32; full-length AE3, 9; AE3c, 4 and AE3tr, 4. The wide range of transport activities is not explained by variation of cell surface processing since approx. 30% of each isoform was expressed on the cell surface. pHi was clamped at a range of values from 6.0-9.0 to examine regulation of AE proteins by pHi. Whereas AE2 was steeply inhibited by acid pHi, AE1, AE3 and AE3c were essentially insensitive to changes of pHi. We conclude that AE3 and AE3c can contribute to pHi recovery after cellular-acid loading.
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Zhang, Henghai, and Wenku Shi. "Model of the Secondary Path between the Input Voltage and the Output Force of an Active Engine Mount on the Engine Side." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 28, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6084169.
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The active engine mount (AEM) provides an effective solution to improve the acoustic and vibration comfort of a car. The same AEM can be installed for different engines and different vehicle bodies and attenuates the engine vibration, which is one of the most pressing challenges. To study this problem, this paper develops a mathematical model of a secondary path between the input voltage and output force of the AEM on the engine side considering the frequency-dependent characteristic of the stiffness, which includes the structure parameters of the AEM as well as the dynamics of the actuator, the fluid in the inertia track, the foundation (vehicle body), and the attenuated vibrating object (AEM preload or engine). The proposed model is validated by three test cases without vibration excitation, which are performed with different AEM preloads and foundations. The AEM is considered as an active part and passive part, the mass of which is determined experimentally. Parameter effect on the dynamic characteristics of the secondary path of the AEM is studied based on three tests and a numerical simulation.
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Harrison, Edward J., Vikas C. Baranwal, Andreas A. Pfaffhuber, Craig W. Christensen, Guro H. Skurdal, Jan Steinar Rønning, Helgard Anschütz, and Marco Brönner. "AEM in Norway: A Review of the Coverage, Applications and the State of Technology." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 4687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224687.
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From the first use of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems for remote sensing in the 1950s, AEM data acquisition, processing and inversion technology have rapidly developed. Once used extensively for mineral exploration in its early days, the technology is increasingly being applied in other industries alongside ground-based investigation techniques. This paper reviews the application of onshore AEM in Norway over the past decades. Norway’s rugged terrain and complex post-glacial sedimentary geology have contributed to the later adoption of AEM for widespread mapping compared to neighbouring Nordic countries. We illustrate AEM’s utility by using two detailed case studies, including time-domain and frequency domain AEM. In both cases, we combine AEM with other geophysical, geological and geotechnical drillings to enhance interpretation, including machine learning methods. The end results included bedrock surfaces predicted with an accuracy of 25% of depth, identification of hazardous quick clay deposits, and sedimentary basin mapping. These case studies illustrate that although today’s AEM systems do not have the resolution required for late-phase, detailed engineering design, AEM is a valuable tool for early-phase site investigations. Intrusive, ground-based methods are slower and more expensive, but when they are used to complement the weaknesses of AEM data, site investigations can become more efficient. With new developments of drone-borne (UAV) systems and increasing investment in AEM surveys, we see the potential for continued global adoption of this technology.
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Baral, Samrat, Du-Hyong Cho, Ramesh Pariyar, Chi-Su Yoon, Bo-yoon Chang, Dae-Sung Kim, Hyoung-Kwon Cho, et al. "The Ameliorating Effect of Myrrh on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/925432.
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Myrrh has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, gynecological diseases, and hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of myrrh resin (AEM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. AEM was estimated with (2E,5E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal as a representative constituent by HPLC. The oral administration of AEM for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of spontaneous alternation in theY-maze test. In the passive avoidance task, AEM also restored the decreased latency time of the retention trial by scopolamine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry revealed that AEM reversed scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study demonstrates for the first time that AEM ameliorates the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hippocampus of mice brain. These results suggest that AEM has the therapeutic potential in memory impairments.
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Kang, sun Young, Yong-Hun Cho, and Yung-Eun Sung. "Superior Performance and Durability Water Electrolysis with a Highly Conductive and Stable Anion-Exchange Membrane." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (October 9, 2022): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401477mtgabs.
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The commercialization of anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is important to produce low-cost and high-purity hydrogen. However, water electrolysis with an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) has limitations such as its poor stability and ionic conductivity, leading to low durability and performance of AEMWE. In this study, we developed superior-performance and stable AEMWE by employing an AEM without aryl-ether backbone structure. To achieve superior -performance and durable AEMWE, the effect of various parameters that is suitable for the adapted AEM was estimated. As a result, the AEM adapted in this work showed much better and was more durable than the conventional AEM (FAA-3). Moreover, it exhibited high efficiency under pure water feeding conditions. These results were contributed to high-efficient and durable AEM caused by its absence of aryl-ether backbone. This work suggests the potential use of polyphenylene structure as aryl-ether free backbone of AEM on AEMWE under alkaline solution and/or pure water condition.
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Varcoe, John, Rachida Bance-Souahli, Arup Chakraborty, Mehdi Choolaei, Carol Crean, Carlos Giron Rodriguez, Bjørt Óladóttir Joensen, et al. "The Latest Developments in Radiation-Grafted Anion-Exchange Polymer Electrolytes for Low Temperature Electrochemical Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (July 7, 2022): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351443mtgabs.
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Anion-exchange membranes (AEM) are being developed for use in electrochemical technologies including fuel cells (AEMFC),water electrolysis (AEMWE for green hydrogen), electrolysers for CO2 reduction (CO2RR), and reverse electrodialysis (RED). Radiation-grafted AEMs (RG-AEM) represent a promising class of AEM that can exhibit high conductivities (OH- conductivities of > 200 mS cm-1 at temperatures above 60 °C) and favourable in situ water transport characteristics). Hence, RG-AEMs have shown significant promise when tested in AEMFCs alongside powdered radiation-grafted anion-exchange ionomers (RG-AEI), producing high performances and promising durabilities [Energy Environ. Sci., 12, 1575 (2019) and Nature Commun., 11, 3561 (2020)], even at temperatures above 100 °C [Dekel et al., J. Power Sources Adv., 5, 100023 (2020)]. An Achilles heel with RG-AEM types is that they can swell excessively in water and have large dimensional changes between the dehydrated and hydrated states. This limits the ion-exchange capacities (IEC) that can be used: excessive IECs in RG-AEM will cause excessive swelling and poorer robustness. This clearly indicates that additional crosslinking is needed. As Kohl et al. have highlighted, optimised crosslinking can lead to production of high-IEC AEMs that are both robust enough to be < 20 µm in thickness and also low swelling [e.g. J. Electrochem. Soc., 166, F637 (2019)], allowing truly world-leading AEMFC performances. RG-AEMs are also being used as a screening platform for down-selecting different (cationic) head-group chemistries for use in RED cells (a salinity gradient power technology), where different head-groups may lead to different AEM characteristics such as: in-cell resistance (when in contact with aqueous electrolytes), permselectivity, and fouling characteristics (when real world waters such as industrial brines, seawater and freshwater are used). It was evident very early on in these studies that RG-AEMs (desirably) exhibit extremely low resistances but also (undesirably) very low permselectivities when un-crosslinked (less than the required 90%+ permselectivity). Our work on RG-type cation-exchange membranes [Sustainable Energy Fuels, 3, 1682 (2019)] clearly shows that introduction of crosslinking can improve permselectivity. Crosslinking always involves a compromise, where its introduction can improve a membrane characteristic (e.g. reduced swelling or improved permselectivity) but also leads to lower conductivities or poorer transport of chemical species through the membranes. Hence, crosslinking types and levels need to be carefully controlled. With RG-AEMs (made by electron-beam activation (peroxidation) of inert polymer films, followed by grafting of monomers and post-graft amination), we have a choice of introducing crosslinking at various stages. The figure below summarises the two different approaches to crosslinking that will be discussed in the presentation: adding a divinyl-type crosslinker into the grafting mixture or adding a diamine-type crosslinker into the amination step. This presentation will present a selection of recent RG-AEM and RG-AEI developments from a number of projects: (1) REDAEM: AEMs for RED cells [EPSRC Grant EP/R044163/1]; (2) CARAEM: Novel RG-AEMs for AEMFCs and AEMWE [EPSRC Grant EP/T009233/1]; (3) SELECTCO2: RG-AEMs being tested in CO2RR cells [EU Horizon 2020 grant agreement 851441]. This presentation will show: (a) RG-AEMs made from thin high density polyethylene (HDPE) precursors appear better for application in AEMFCs, while RG-AEMs from made from thicker ETFE precursors appear to be better for CO2RR cells and RED; (b) RG-AEMs can be made using a variety of crosslinking strategies; (c) RG-AEIs can be made using ETFE powders and give optimal performance after cryogrinding down to micrometer sizes; Figure 1
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Ujhegyi, Nikolett, Norbert Keller, László Patkó, Zsolt Biró, Bálint Tóth, and László Szemethy. "Agri-environment schemes do not support Brown Hare populations due to inadequate scheme application." Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.67.3.263.2021.
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The goal of many agri-environment schemes (AES) is to increase biodiversity in agroecosystems. AES effects are often measured on invertebrates and birds; mammals as indicator species are infrequently targets of such researches. Our goal was to evaluate the local-scale effects of the Hungarian Agri-Environmental Measures (AEM) on the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), which shows decreasing population trends across Europe. We compared hare abundances and their dropping numbers in AEM and control agricultural arable and grassland fields of 17 game management units in two seasons. We also examined the quality of arable fields based on their margin width and vegetation cover. We found that margin quality was higher in AEM than in the control fields. Control grasslands had higher vegetation quality than the AEM grasslands. We found a significant difference in hare counts between AEM and control arable fields in spring but no difference in autumn. The dropping densities did not differ in any season, treatment category or agroecosystem type. We conclude that the AEM program (2009-2014) in Hungary was not effective for the hare, and this might have been caused by the inadequate or weak application of AEM practices. We provide recommendations for future AEM programs to enhance biodiversity.
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Batáry, Péter, András Báldi, David Kleijn, and Teja Tscharntke. "Landscape-moderated biodiversity effects of agri-environmental management: a meta-analysis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1713 (November 24, 2010): 1894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1923.
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Agri-environmental management (AEM) is heralded as being key to biodiversity conservation on farmland, yet results of these schemes have been mixed, making their general utility questionable. We test with meta-analysis whether the benefits of AEM for species richness and abundance of plants and animals are determined by the surrounding landscape context. Across all studies (109 observations for species richness and 114 observations for abundance), AEM significantly increased species richness and their abundance. More specifically, we test the hypothesis that AEM benefits species richness and abundance (i.e. increases the difference between fields with and without AEM) more in simple than in complex landscapes. In croplands, species richness but not abundance was significantly enhanced in simple but not in complex landscapes. In grasslands, AEM effectively enhanced species richness and abundance regardless of landscape context. Pollinators were significantly enhanced by AEM in simple but not in complex landscapes in both croplands and grasslands. Our results highlight that the one-size-fits-all approach of many agri-environmental programmes is not an efficient way of spending the limited funds available for biodiversity conservation on farmland. Therefore, we conclude that AEM should be adapted to landscape structure and the species groups at which they are targeted.
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Maumau, Thandiwe Rebecca, Nobanathi Wendy Maxakato, and Phumlani Fortune Msomi. "The Development of Anion Exchange Ionomer for Electrocatalysts in Application of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 43 (October 9, 2022): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02431613mtgabs.
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Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are known to be able to address the use of expensive platinum catalyst by employing non-PGMs (Platinum Group Metal) metal catalysts, affordable ionomers, and greater fuel flexibility. All that provides AEMFCs with advantages over PEMFCs. However, AEMFCs have not been reported to achieve high current density as desired at fault by the lack of understanding of ionomer-catalyst interaction. For stable operation of AEM-based devices, water sorption and swelling of the thin anion exchange ionomer (AEI) layer are coupled to its catalyst binding ability. Unfortunately for AEM fuel cell field there exists no commercial material as Nafion® exists for the PEM fuel cell field. The development of a high performance and durable anionic catalyst binders also referred to as anion exchange ionomers (AEIs) is the major challenge for AEMFCs. This study aims to develop an improved AEI to be tested in both in-house and commercial electrocatalysts. Electrocatalytic activity using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronoamperometry (CA) will be carried out for all the electrocatalysts with the use on the developed AEI instead of the usually used nafion ionomer. Characterization techniques will include transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for particle size, crystal structure and morphology respectively of the electrocatalysts. For the developed AEI dynamic light scattering (DLS) (with an ELS-Z Zeta-potential and particle size analyzer), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for size distribution profile, material molecular structure and composition.
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Shi, Yichao, Noura Ziadi, Aimé J. Messiga, and Roger Lalande. "Nongrowing season soil surface nitrate and phosphate dynamics in a corn–soybean rotation in eastern Canada: in situ evaluation using anionic exchange membranes." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0016.
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Determining how agricultural management practices affect changes in soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) could further our understanding of soil N and P cycle. The main objective of this study was to assess in situ nongrowing season soil nitrate and phosphate dynamics as adsorbed on anionic exchange membranes (AEM-N and AEM-P, respectively). The membranes were buried in the surface horizon (5 cm below the soil surface) over the nongrowing season (mid-November to mid-April) in five consecutive years (2009–2010 to 2013–2014) in a long-term corn–soybean rotation experiment established in 1992 in eastern Canada. The treatments consisted of two tillage systems, namely moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT), and nine combinations of fertilizer applications, namely three N rates (0, 80, and 160 kg N ha−1) and three P rates (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha−1) in a split-plot design with four replications. The results showed that AEM-N and AEM-P averaged 1.8 µg cm−2 d−1 and 7.4 ng cm−2 d−1 under MP, respectively, and 2.8 µg cm−2 d−1 and 67.8 ng cm−2 d−1 under NT, respectively. Nitrogen application increased AEM-N in 2010–2011, 2011–2012, and 2012–2013, but decreased AEM-P mainly under NT. Phosphorus fertilization had no effect on AEM-N, but increased AEM-P under both MP and NT. We conclude that AEM can be used as a technique to study N and P dynamics under cold winters of eastern Canada.
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Korus, Jesse. "Combining Hydraulic Head Analysis with Airborne Electromagnetics to Detect and Map Impermeable Aquifer Boundaries." Water 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080975.
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Impermeable aquifer boundaries affect the flow of groundwater, transport of contaminants, and the drawdown of water levels in response to pumping. Hydraulic methods can detect the presence of such boundaries, but these methods are not suited for mapping complex, 3D geological bodies. Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods produce 3D geophysical images of the subsurface at depths relevant to most groundwater investigations. Interpreting a geophysical model requires supporting information, and hydraulic heads offer the most direct means of assessing the hydrostratigraphic function of interpreted geological units. This paper presents three examples of combined hydraulic and AEM analysis of impermeable boundaries in glacial deposits of eastern Nebraska, USA. Impermeable boundaries were detected in a long-term hydrograph from an observation well, a short-duration pumping test, and a water table map. AEM methods, including frequency-domain and time-domain AEM, successfully imaged the impermeable boundaries, providing additional details about the lateral extent of the geological bodies. Hydraulic head analysis can be used to verify the hydrostratigraphic interpretation of AEM, aid in the correlation of boundaries through areas of noisy AEM data, and inform the design of AEM surveys at local to regional scales.
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Dinuka, Vina Kholisa. "IFRS ADOPTION AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA COMPANIES." JURNAL AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI dan MANAJEMEN BISNIS 7, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaemb.v7i2.1808.
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The purpose of this study is to verify IFRS contribution by examining the presence of Accrual Earnings Management (AEM) and Real Earnings Management (REM) in the period pre- and post- IFRS implementation in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. AEM is measured by absolute value of discretionary accrual, while REM is proxied by three measurements of REM, they are abnormal cash flow operation, abnormal production and abnormal discretionary expenses. The sample is taken from Indonesia stock exchange in 2009-2011 and 2013-2015. 2012 is Indonesia adoption period and it is excluded from the sample, because it is considerated as transitory year. This study uses regression analysis and Paired t-test to compare the presence of AEM and REM preceding and following IFRS implementation. The findings reveal that IFRS adoption has significantly negative effect towards AEM and REM. It indicates that the following IFRS implementation, AEM and REM are decrease. Therefore, IFRS is able to reduce earnings management practices in manufacturing companies in Indonesia both for AEM and REM.
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Sivakumar, Thangavel, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Kamaraj Lakshmi Priya, Periyanaina Kesika, and Chaiyavat Chaiyasut. "EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITIES OF MORINDA TINCTORIA LEAVES EXTRACT FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.21583.
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Objective: The present study was aimed to prepare Morinda tinctoria leaves extracts with the different solvent system and to evaluate the bioactivities.Methods: The extracts of M. tinctoria were qualitatively analyzed for the primary phytochemical content. The functional groups of extract were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The antimicrobial properties were determined by plate assays. The antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties and membrane stabilizing nature of aqueous extract of M. tinctoria (AEM) were measured using a spectrophotometer.Results: The aqueous, ethanolic, and acetone extracts of M. tinctoria were prepared. AEM contains quinones, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, glycosides, and tannins. FTIR result showed that AEM comprises of alkyl halides, 1°, 2° amines, aromatics, aliphatic amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, and alkanes, saturated aliphatic, and phenolic groups. The antimicrobial property of M. tinctoria varied based on the solvent used for the extraction. About 86.90±0.36, 78.58±0.13, and 80.33±0.09% of total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were observed in AEM, respectively. The 1, 1- diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl and 2, 2-Azinobis-(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acids) assay results indicated 85.20±0.50 and 52.41±0.60% of free radical scavenging activity in AEM. The protease activity (44.10±0.26%) and protein degradation (44.38±0.58%) were proscribed by AEM. AEM prevents 69.36±0.20% of cell lysis.Conclusion: The results revealed that the AEM leaves were harmless and enriched with potent bioactive principles, which is further used for food and pharmacological applications.
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Smith, Richard. "International workshop on AEM methods." Leading Edge 13, no. 3 (March 1994): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487173.
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Chowdhury, K. Das, R. W. Carpenter, and W. Braue. "AEM of reaction-bonded SiC." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100122125.
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Research on reaction-bonded SiC (RBSiC) is aimed at developing a reliable structural ceramic with improved mechanical properties. The starting materials for RBSiC were Si,C and α-SiC powder. The formation of the complex microstructure of RBSiC involves (i) solution of carbon in liquid silicon, (ii) nucleation and epitaxial growth of secondary β-SiC on the original α-SiC grains followed by (iii) β>α-SiC phase transformation of newly formed SiC. Due to their coherent nature, epitaxial SiC/SiC interfaces are considered to be segregation-free and “strong” with respect to their effect on the mechanical properties of RBSiC. But the “weak” Si/SiC interface limits its use in high temperature situations. However, few data exist on the structure and chemistry of these interfaces. Microanalytical results obtained by parallel EELS and HREM imaging are reported here.
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Cliff, Graham, and Gordon W. Lorimer. "AEM: From microns to atoms." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100131954.
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The “Manchester Connection” with analytical electron microscopy (AEM) goes back to 1913 and the work of Moseley which was carried out in the Physics Department of the University of Manchester. It was Moseley who first pointed out that there is a simple relationship between Z, the atomic number of an element, and Ek,the energy of the characteristic K-shell X-ray. This relationship is enshrined in Moseley's Law, Ek = 10.3(Z-1).The origin of the modern bulk microprobe analyzer lies in the Ph.D. project of Castaing. Under the supervision of Guinier, Castaing combined an electron microscope and an X-ray spectrometer and obtained a current of a few nA in an electron beam under a micron in diameter. Although enormous advances were made in instrumentation and quantification in the 1950's and 1960's, the spatial resolution for microprobe analysis remained at about 1 μm3 or a mass of about 10-12g, no matter how small the diameter of the incident electron beam. This limitation arises from the physics of the interaction of a high energy electron beam with a solid sample.
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Di Massa, Domenico, Giovanni Florio, and Andrea Viezzoli. "Adaptive sampling of AEM transients." Journal of Applied Geophysics 125 (February 2016): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.01.002.
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Monteiro, Albertina Paula, Orlando Lima Rua, Cláudia Pereira, and José Carlos Figueira. "Accounting-based earnings management: motivations, players, implementation, and detection from the perspective of certified accountants." Accounting 8, no. 1 (2022): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.6.003.
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In the scope of Behavioral Decision Theory, Accounting-based Earnings Management (AEM) may compromise the success of decision making of a firm’s stakeholders. Given that AEM constitutes a barrier to the decision-making process, we aim to identify the main motivations of the players of AEM. Besides, in this study we also intend to analyze the implementing and detecting of AEM practices in financial statements and to evaluate whether individual characteristics influence the ability to implement and detect creative accounting practices. To achieve the proposed objectives, a quantitative methodology approach was used. A survey was applied to Portuguese’s certified accountants. In the data analyses, we applied the univariate and multiple analysis. Based on 159 observations, we find that most certified accountants indicate the main motivations are related to the reduction of the cost of capital and tax burden, the strength of the “code law system”, and that the managers are the main players. Our evidence also shows that the AEM practices are easily implemented and detected in the financial statements. In addition, we find that age, professional experience, and academic qualifications of the certified accountant tend to have an impact on the ability to implement AEM in the financial statements, contrary to gender and training area. Furthermore, gender and academic financial statements. This research is important for the development of the literature, entities that operate in accounting standardization and for the users of accounting and financial information. This study contributes to a better understanding of AEM practice, and it originally combines individual characteristics of accounting professionals with AEM practice.
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Morgans, C. W., and R. R. Kopito. "Association of the brain anion exchanger, AE3, with the repeat domain of ankyrin." Journal of Cell Science 105, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 1137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.105.4.1137.
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The 89 kDa NH2-terminal domain of erythrocyte ankyrin is composed almost entirely of 22 tandem repeats of a 33 amino acid sequence and constitutes the binding site for the cytoplasmic NH2-terminal domain of the erythrocyte anion exchanger, AE1. We have developed an assay to evaluate the in vivo interaction between a fragment of ankyrin corresponding to this domain (ANK90) and two non-erythroid anion exchangers, AE2 and AE3, that share considerable structural homology with AE1. Association was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation of ANK90-anion exchanger complexes from detergent extracts of cells cotransfected with plasmids encoding the ankyrin fragment and the anion exchanger or mutants thereof. ANK90 was co-immunoprecipitated with AE1 but not with an AE1 deletion mutant lacking the cytoplasmic NH2-terminal domain. Using this assay, we show that the brain anion exchanger AE3, but not the closely related homologue, AE2, is capable of binding to ankyrin.
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Sgreccia, Emanuela, Riccardo Narducci, Philippe Knauth, and Maria Luisa Di Vona. "Silica Containing Composite Anion Exchange Membranes by Sol–Gel Synthesis: A Short Review." Polymers 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111874.
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This short review summarizes the literature on composite anion exchange membranes (AEM) containing an organo-silica network formed by sol–gel chemistry. The article covers AEM for diffusion dialysis (DD), for electrochemical energy technologies including fuel cells and redox flow batteries, and for electrodialysis. By applying a vast variety of organically modified silica compounds (ORMOSIL), many composite AEM reported in the last 15 years are based on poly (vinylalcohol) (PVA) or poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) used as polymer matrix. The most stringent requirements are high permselectivity and water flux for DD membranes, while high ionic conductivity is essential for electrochemical applications. Furthermore, the alkaline stability of AEM for fuel cell applications remains a challenging problem that is not yet solved. Possible future topics of investigation on composite AEM containing an organo-silica network are also discussed.
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Badenhorst, Wouter Dirk, Cloete Rossouw, Hyeongrae Cho, Jochen Kerres, Dolf Bruinsma, and Henning Krieg. "Electrowinning of Iron from Spent Leaching Solutions Using Novel Anion Exchange Membranes." Membranes 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9110137.
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In the Pyror process, electrowinning (EW) is used to recover acid and iron from spent leaching solutions (SLS), where a porous Terylene membrane acts as a separator between the cathode and anode. In this study, a novel anion exchange membrane (AEM)-based EW process is benchmarked against a process without and with a porous Terylene membrane by comparing the current efficiency, specific energy consumption (SEC), and sulfuric acid generation using an in-house constructed EW flow cell. Using an FAP-PK-130 commercial AEM, it was shown that the AEM-based process was more efficient than the traditional processes. Subsequently, 11 novel polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based blend AEMs were compared with the commercial AEM. The best performing novel AEM (BM-5), yielded a current efficiency of 95% at an SEC of 3.53 kWh/kg Fe, which is a 10% increase in current efficiency and a 0.72 kWh/kg Fe decrease in SEC when compared to the existing Pyror process. Furthermore, the use of the novel BM-5 AEM resulted in a 0.22 kWh/kg Fe lower SEC than that obtained with the commercial AEM, also showing mechanical stability in the EW flow cell. Finally, it was shown that below 5 g/L Fe, side reactions at the cathode resulted in a decrease in process efficiency, while 40 g/L yielded the highest efficiency and lowest SECs.
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Zhang, Guo Hua, Shi Xuan Liu, and Bin Miao. "The Application and Antifouling of AEM-RS in Ocean Current Buoy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.739.
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Equipped with type AEM-RS electromagnetic current meter, the buoy provided effective technical platform for on-site rapid monitoring of the ocean current. Performance index and usage in the ocean current buoy of AEM-RS was introduced. Ultrasonic cleaning method in seawater was developed for preventing AEM-RS from biofouling. Ocean current data can serve for oceanographic research and marine resource exploitation.
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Babiak, Peter, Geoff Schaffer-Harris, Mami Kainuma, Viacheslav Fedorovich, and Igor Goryanin. "Development of a New Hydrogel Anion Exchange Membrane for Swine Wastewater Treatment." Membranes 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12100984.
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We developed a proprietary anion exchange membrane (AEM) for wastewater treatment as an alternative to commercial products. Following the successful development of a hydrogel cation exchange membrane on a porous ceramic support, we used the same approach to fabricate an AEM. Different positively charged monomers and conditions were tested, and all AEMs were tested for nitrate and phosphate anion removal from buffers by electrodialysis. The best AEM was tested further with real swine wastewater for phosphate removal by electrodialysis and nitrate removal in a bioelectrochemical denitrification system (BEDS). Our new AEM showed better phosphate removal compared with a commercial membrane; however, due to its low permselectivity, the migration of cations was detected while operating a two-chambered biocathode BEDS in which the membrane was utilized as a separator. After improving the permselectivity of the membrane, the performance of our proprietary AEM was comparable to that of a commercial membrane. Because of the usage of a porous ceramic support, our AEM is self-supporting, sturdy, and easy to attach to various frames, which makes the membrane better suited for harsh and corrosive environments, such as swine and other animal farms and domestic wastewater.
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Kim, Soo-Yeoun, Woonjung Kim, and Seong-Ho Choi. "Anion-Exchange Membrane with Poly(3,3’-(hexyl) bis(1-vinylimidazolium) bromide)/PVC Composites Prepared by Inter-polymerization." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 10 (October 24, 2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.10.1577.
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The advanced anion-exchange membranes with the poly(3,3’-(hexyl)bis(1-vinylimidazolium)bromide), PHVB, was synthesized by inter-polymerization of a 3,3'-(hexyl)bis(1-vinylimidazolium) bromide in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, solution. We confirmed the successful preparation of the advanced anion-exchange membrane (AEM) such as ionic conductivity (S/cm), water uptake (%), ion-exchange capacity (meq/g), vanadium permeability, thermal properties, and SEM analysis, respectively. The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) performances using the prepared AEM based on PHVB/PVC composite polymers in organic electrolytes was examined. In the prepared advanced AEM, the maximum voltages reached 2.5 V under the fixed current value of 0.005mA. The synthesized advanced AEM has also good stability with organic electrolyte by battery performance under 1000 cycles. As results, the advanced AEM based on PHVB/PVC prepared by the inter-polymerization is suitable for use as a battery separator in VRFB.
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Gabbianelli, Giammaria. "Applied Element Modelling of Warping Effects in Thin-Walled C-Shaped Steel Sections." Buildings 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080328.
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The Applied Element Method (AEM) is a relatively recent numerical technique, originally conceived for simulating the large displacement nonlinear response of reinforced concrete, masonry and steel structures, and successful applications have been presented by various researchers. Recently, AEM was used to model the mechanical behaviour of steel storage pallet racks, i.e., particular cold-formed steel structures typically employed for storing goods and materials. Such systems are often subjected to peculiar displacements and stresses due to warping effects, which are inherent and often govern their behaviour, increasing the peak strength and ultimate displacement demand. This phenomenon has not been studied through AEM yet; hence, this work investigates the capabilities of AEM in simulating the warping effects in typical steel rack members, i.e., thin-walled C-shaped sections. Preliminary results and comparison against established modelling approaches indicate that AEM can accurately simulate this phenomenon, both in terms of displacements and stresses.
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Kim, Soo-Yeoun, Woonjung Kim, and Seong-Ho Choi. "Anion-Exchange Membrane with Poly(3,3’-(hexyl) bis(1-vinylimidazolium) bromide)/PVC Composites Prepared by Inter-polymerization." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 10 (October 24, 2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.10.1577.
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The advanced anion-exchange membranes with the poly(3,3’-(hexyl)bis(1-vinylimidazolium)bromide), PHVB, was synthesized by inter-polymerization of a 3,3'-(hexyl)bis(1-vinylimidazolium) bromide in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, solution. We confirmed the successful preparation of the advanced anion-exchange membrane (AEM) such as ionic conductivity (S/cm), water uptake (%), ion-exchange capacity (meq/g), vanadium permeability, thermal properties, and SEM analysis, respectively. The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) performances using the prepared AEM based on PHVB/PVC composite polymers in organic electrolytes was examined. In the prepared advanced AEM, the maximum voltages reached 2.5 V under the fixed current value of 0.005mA. The synthesized advanced AEM has also good stability with organic electrolyte by battery performance under 1000 cycles. As results, the advanced AEM based on PHVB/PVC prepared by the inter-polymerization is suitable for use as a battery separator in VRFB.
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Latchney, Sarah E., Phillip D. Rivera, Xiao W. Mao, Virginia L. Ferguson, Ted A. Bateman, Louis S. Stodieck, Gregory A. Nelson, and Amelia J. Eisch. "The effect of spaceflight on mouse olfactory bulb volume, neurogenesis, and cell death indicates the protective effect of novel environment." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 12 (June 15, 2014): 1593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01174.2013.
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Space missions necessitate physiological and psychological adaptations to environmental factors not present on Earth, some of which present significant risks for the central nervous system (CNS) of crewmembers. One CNS region of interest is the adult olfactory bulb (OB), as OB structure and function are sensitive to environmental- and experience-induced regulation. It is currently unknown how the OB is altered by spaceflight. In this study, we evaluated OB volume and neurogenesis in mice shortly after a 13-day flight on Space Shuttle Atlantis [Space Transport System (STS)-135] relative to two groups of control mice maintained on Earth. Mice housed on Earth in animal enclosure modules that mimicked the conditions onboard STS-135 (AEM-Ground mice) had greater OB volume relative to mice maintained in standard housing on Earth (Vivarium mice), particularly in the granule (GCL) and glomerular (GL) cell layers. AEM-Ground mice also had more OB neuroblasts and fewer apoptotic cells relative to Vivarium mice. However, the AEM-induced increase in OB volume and neurogenesis was not seen in STS-135 mice (AEM-Flight mice), suggesting that spaceflight may have negated the positive effects of the AEM. In fact, when OB volume of AEM-Flight mice was considered, there was a greater density of apoptotic cells relative to AEM-Ground mice. Our findings suggest that factors present during spaceflight have opposing effects on OB size and neurogenesis, and provide insight into potential strategies to preserve OB structure and function during future space missions.
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Silvestrov, Sergey Nikolaevich, Sergey Alekseevich Pobyvaev, Stanislav Borisovich Reshetnikov, and Dmitrii Vladimirovich Firsov. "Management of the Russian Interregional Investment Distribution Using the Autonomous Expenditure Multiplier Model." Economies 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10020045.
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An effective and competitive investment policy requires improvements to the existing tools. The ongoing COVID-19 crisis requires understanding as to how the recovery processes should be implemented. This study aims to develop a model for determining the autonomous expenditure multiplier (AEM) values, considering the investment accelerator action. The scientific novelty consists of proving that the AEM is not only an effects enhancer of the government and private investment, but also a tool to specify on the regional industrial map of Russia where investment projects will allow significant economic growth. The work’s practical significance consists of determining the possibility of applying the AEM as a tool to improve investment efficiency. The key research method was paired linear regression analysis. Based on the developed model, the AEM values for the economies of the five Central Federal District regions are calculated. Additionally, authors provide an explanation on how AEM values correlate to regional economic specialization. For example, atypically low AEM values for Moscow can be explained by high daily workforce movement among Moscow and the Moscow region. The information support difficulties of the proposed model are defined, and the directions to overcome them are proposed. Empirical results show significant differences in the AEM values of the researched regions, and that the AEM as a management tool for interregional investment distribution will help to invest the limited resources of both the state and private businesses more effectively. Additionally, authors establish that the achieved results fall in line with real macroeconomic situations within the regions, which proves that the proposed model reflects real world processes. Primary beneficiaries and end users of the study are government agencies, state-owned corporations, and members of broader scientific community.
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Chen, Yu-Cheng, Chia-Hao Lee, and Pei-I. Chou. "Stock-Based Compensation and Earnings Management Behaviors." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 18, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091515500083.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a CEOs stock-based compensation incentive, that is one of the main corporate governance dimensions, has different impacts on accruals-based earnings management (AEM) and real activities earnings management (REM) which have different economic costs. Empirical results show that CEOs stock-based compensation incentive has a positive impact on AEM but a negative impact on REM, implying stock-based compensation incentive leads executives to use more AEM but less REM. Given that the SOX places additional compensation risk on executives, the stock-based compensation is an incentive to significantly encourage managers for using more AEM during the pre-SOX period and less REM during the post-SOX period. The evidence implies that managers change their risk perceptions for AEM and REM after the enactment of SOX, and then their earnings management behaviors indeed change for avoiding wealth-destroying pitfalls. These results bring a new insight into the ability to prevent managers from increasing personal wealth at shareholders' expense.
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Kim, Yu Seung. "(Invited) Ionomer Design Aspects for AEM-Based Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391720mtgabs.
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Interest in advanced anion exchange membrane (AEM)-based electrolyzers is growing because of their ability to produce hydrogen using platinum group metal-free catalysts, less expensive anode flow fields, and bipolar plates. Quaternized ionomeric binders play a critical role in AEM electrolyzers in their performance. This presentation will focus on the ionomer design aspects of AEM-based electrolyzers. The performance of AEM-based electrolyzers will be demonstrated using several homemade ionomers to identify the performance-limiting factors. Then, I will discuss the chemical structural impact of ionomers in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The purpose of this presentation is to provide direction for long-lasting electrolyzers with highly efficient hydrogen production capabilities.
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Liu, Guimin, and Alex Becker. "Two‐dimensional mapping of sea‐ice keels with airborne electromagnetics." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 2 (February 1990): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442832.
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Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) equipment can be used to sense sea ice thickness by interpreting the AEM data to obtain the distance from the towed bird that holds the EM system to the ice/seawater interface. The ice thickness itself is obtained by subtracting from that quantity the distance from the bird to the upper ice surface, as determined by a laser altimeter. To interpret AEM data acquired over sea‐ice keels, we first solve the forward problem using an integral equation approach to the Neumann boundary‐value problem. In this approach, we assume that sea ice is an insulator and that seawater is a perfect conductor. When the ice keel is two‐dimensional, the pertinent equations can be transformed into the wavenumber domain along the strike direction, resulting in the rapid numerical computation of the AEM response. By compiling numerical‐model results, we constructed an interpretation chart that relates the parameters of the observed AEM response anomaly to the geometric variables of the ice keel. The strike length of the ice keel should be about three times the bird height above the Ice‐water interface, so that the assumption of two‐dimensionality holds. The use of the chart has been verified by interpreting field AEM data.
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Morgan, Patricio E., Silvia Pastoreková, Alan K. Stuart-Tilley, Seth L. Alper, and Joseph R. Casey. "Interactions of transmembrane carbonic anhydrase, CAIX, with bicarbonate transporters." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): C738—C748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00157.2007.
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Association of some plasma membrane bicarbonate transporters with carbonic anhydrase enzymes forms a bicarbonate transport metabolon to facilitate metabolic CO2-HCO3−conversions and coupled HCO3−transport. The transmembrane carbonic anhydrase, CAIX, with its extracellular catalytic site, is highly expressed in parietal and other cells of gastric mucosa, suggesting a role in acid secretion. We examined in transfected HEK293 cells the functional and physical interactions between CAIX and the parietal cell Cl−/HCO3−exchanger AE2 or the putative Cl−/HCO3−exchanger SLC26A7. Coexpression of CAIX increased AE2 transport activity by 28 ± 7% and also activated transport mediated by AE1 and AE3 (32 ± 10 and 37 ± 9%, respectively). In contrast, despite a transport rate comparable to that of AE3, coexpressed CAIX did not alter transport associated with SLC26A7. The CAIX-associated increase of AE2 activity did not result from altered AE2 expression or cell surface processing. CAIX was coimmunoprecipitated with the coexpressed SLC4 polypeptides AE1, AE2, and AE3, but not with SLC26A7. GST pull-down assays with a series of domain-deleted forms of CAIX revealed that the catalytic domain of CAIX mediated interaction with AE2. AE2 and CAIX colocalized in human gastric mucosa, as indicated by coimmunofluorescence. This is the first example of a functional and physical interaction between a bicarbonate transporter and a transmembrane carbonic anhydrase. We conclude that CAIX can bind to some Cl−/HCO3−exchangers to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon.
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Lloyd, Shane A., Virginia S. Ferguson, Steven J. Simske, Alexander W. Dunlap, Eric W. Livingston, and Ted A. Bateman. "Housing in the Animal Enclosure Module Spaceflight Hardware Increases Trabecular Bone Mass in Ground-Control Mice." Gravitational and Space Research 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2013-0001.
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ABSTRACT During spaceflight, mice are housed in specially designed cages called the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM). Utilization of this flight hardware may affect the skeletal properties of housed animals, independent of microgravity considerations. To address this issue, we studied the effect of 13 days of AEM housing versus standard vivarium enclosure on female C57BL/6J mice (n=12/group). The effects of AEM housing were most pronounced in the trabecular compartment. AEM mice had 44% and 144% greater trabecular bone volume fraction and connectivity density, respectively, versus vivarium. A similar response was seen at the proximal humerus. We noted a decrease in proximal tibia osteoclast surface (-65%) and eroded surface (-73%) for AEM versus vivarium, while tibia trabecular mineralizing surface (MS/BS) was nearly three-fold greater. Surprisingly, there was also decreased osteoblast surface, as well as lower osteoid volume, surface, and thickness at this site. The effects of AEM housing on femur cortical bone were modest: there was greater periosteal MS/BS, with no effect at the endocortical surface, and lower femur stiffness. Taken together, we have demonstrated significant effects of AEM housing on ground control mice, particularly in the trabecular bone compartment. These findings suggest that an early increase in bone formation, perhaps due to altered behavior and loading in this unique housing environment, was followed by decreased bone formation and resorption as the animals adapted to their new environment. Characterization of spaceflight animal housing is critical to elucidating the true effects of microgravity on skeletal parameters and for the proper selection of ground-based controls.
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Song, Ruidi, and Yue Chan. "A New Adaptive Entropy Portfolio Selection Model." Entropy 22, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090951.
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In this paper, we propose an adaptive entropy model (AEM), which incorporates the entropy measurement and the adaptability into the conventional Markowitz’s mean-variance model (MVM). We evaluate the performance of AEM, based on several portfolio performance indicators using the five-year Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 (SSE50) index constituent stocks data set. Our outcomes show, compared with the traditional portfolio selection model, that AEM tends to make our investments more decentralized and hence helps to neutralize unsystematic risks. Due to the existence of self-adaptation, AEM turns out to be more adaptable to market fluctuations and helps to maintain the balance between the decentralized and concentrated investments in order to meet investors’ expectations. Our model applies equally well to portfolio optimizations for other financial markets.
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Cliff, G., and P. B. Kenway. "The future of AEM: Toward atom analysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152975.
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The ultimate goal of analytical electron microscopy (AEM) is a minimum detection limit, MDL, of one atom! Utilising the small probes and the high current densities attainable using a field emission gun, FEG, in a scanning transmission electron microscope, STEM, the MDL is at present 100 atoms. This discussion will show that an MDL of 1 atom could be achieved with existing engineering technology available on the current generation of AEM instrumentation.Indeed if AEM was like hi-fi an AEM analyst could today combine features of different microscopes to build an AEM capable of atom detection!The parameters affecting the MDL include a) the electron source brightness, b) the detector solid angle, c) the operating voltage and, less frequently discussed, d) the Cs of the probe-forming lens.a) Electron source brightness. The highest brightness electron source is the FEG as used in the dedicated STEM which achieved the MDL quoted above. This is the only source capable of producing the high current density in a small probe required to reduce the MDL to atomic proportions.
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Masri, Indah. "Hubungan Substitusi Real Earning Management dan Accrual Earning Management terhadap Perilaku Pajak Agresif pada Perusahaan Kepemilikan Keluarga di Indonesia." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Perpajakan (JRAP) 9, no. 01 (July 1, 2022): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35838/jrap.2022.009.01.08.
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ABSTRACT
This study looks at the effect of real earnings management (REM) and accrual earnings management (AEM) on tax aggressive behavior, and how the role of family companies on earnings management is applied to that relationship. The study was conducted on manufacturing companies during the period 2016 to 2019, with a total of 78 companies observing 312 company-years. With pool panel balance analysis, the research results show that in accordance with hypothesis 1 to hypothesis 5, that companies that do REM will tend to behave less aggressively than companies that do AEM, because there are no company limitations to do AEM, so companies that will do AEM tend to behave aggressive tax. In the test results in favor of family companies showing a tendency to aggressive behavior in Sari's research (2010). On the other hand, when family firms perform earnings management for tax purposes, they tend to switch to REM rather than AEM. These results contribute to earnings management behavior that is a substitute for accrual and real earnings management to aggressive tax behavior.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini melihat pengaruh real earning management serta accrual earning management pada perilaku pajak agresif, dan bagaimana peran perusahaan keluarga atas manajemen laba yang diterapkan entitas pada hubungan itu. Riset dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur selama periode 2016 hingga 2019, dengan total 78 perusahaan observasi 312 perusahaan-tahun. Dengan analisis pool panel balance, hasil penelitian menunjukkan sesuai dengan hipotesis 1 hingga hipotesis 5, bahwa perusahaan yang melakukan REM akan cenderung kurang berperilaku pajak agresif daripada perusahaan yang melakukan AEM, karena belum adanya keterbatasan perusahaan untuk melakukan AEM, sehingga perusahaan yang melakukan AEM cenderung akan berperilaku pajak agresif. Pada hasil pengujian di Perusahaan keluarga menampilkan kecenderungan perilaku pajak agresif mendukung penelitian Sari (2010). Sebaliknya ketika perusahaan keluarga melakukan manajemen laba untuk tujuan pajak cenderung akan beralih melakukan manajemen laba secara real daripada secara akrual. Hasil ini memberikan kontribusi atas perilaku manajemen laba yang bersifat substitusi atas real dan accrual earning management terhadap perilaku pajak agresif.
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Cai, Ji, Pritam Yogeshwar, Wiebke Mörbe, Maria Smirnova, Amir Haroon, Michael Becken, and Bülent Tezkan. "2-D joint inversion of semi-airborne CSEM and LOTEM data in eastern Thuringia, Germany." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 3 (January 7, 2022): 1475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac002.
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SUMMARY Various electromagnetic (EM) techniques have been developed for exploring natural resources. The novel frequency-domain semi-airborne controlled source electromagnetic (semi-AEM) method takes advantages of both ground and airborne techniques. It combines ground-based high-power electrical dipole sources with large-scale and spatially densely covered magnetic fields measured via airborne receivers. The method can survey the subsurface down to approximately 1000 m and is particularly sensitive towards conductive bodies (e.g. mineralized bodies) in a more resistive host environment. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of semi-AEM is lower than that of ground-based methods such as long-offset transient electromagnetics (LOTEM), mainly due to the limited stacking time and motion-induced noise. As a result, the semi-AEM often has reduced depth of investigation in comparison to LOTEM. One solution to overcome these flaws is to analyse and interpret semi-AEM data together with information from other EM methods using a joint inversion. Since our study shows that LOTEM and semi-AEM data have complementary subsurface resolution capabilities, we present a 2-D joint inversion algorithm to simultaneously interpret frequency-domain semi-AEM data and transient electric fields using extended dipole sources. The algorithm has been applied to the field data acquired in a former mining area in eastern Thuringia, Germany. The 2-D joint inversion combines the complementary information and provides a meaningful 2-D resistivity model. Nevertheless, obvious discrepancies appear between the individual and joint inversion results. Consequent synthetic modelling studies illustrate that the discrepancies occur because of (i) differences in lateral and depth resolution between the semi-AEM and LOTEM data caused by different measuring configurations, (ii) different measured EM components and (iii) differences in the error weighting of the individual data sets. Additionally, our synthetic study suggests that more flexible land-based configurations with sparse receiver locations are possible in combination with semi-AEM without a significant loss of target resolution, which is promising for accelerating data acquisition and for survey planning and logistics, particularly when measuring in inaccessible areas.
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Sun, Guo Chun, Chun Hua Zhang, and Hua Xin. "Active Engine Vibration Isolation Using Robust Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.504.
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This paper introduces a prototype active engine mount (AEM) system designed for commercial passenger, requiring a good engine vibration solation performance. The AEM consists of a conventional hydraulic engine mount and an internal electromagnetic actuator. The robust H controller was adopted to cancel out the force transmitted through the AEM. The vibration isolation performance tests were carried out by simulating the engine idle shake. The experimental result confirmed that can control unwanted vibration from the engine operation by using active mounts.
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Green, Andy. "Optimising AEM technology for salinity applications." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab059.
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Green, Andy, and Richard Lane. "Estimating Noise Levels in AEM Data." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab093.
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Macnae, James, and Julian Vrbancich. "Assessing the Accuracy of AEM Soundings." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab104.
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Wolfgram, Peter, Niels B. Christensen, and Daniel Sattel. "Approximate 2D Inversion of AEM Data." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab185.
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Green, Andy, and Don Hunter. "AEM target detection in geological noise." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2004, no. 1 (December 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2004ab055.
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