Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aerial drones'
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Elmagri, Loay Hatem Rajab. "Architecture and Drones: Accomodating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87584.
Full textMArch
Olsson, Sofia. "Drones in Arctic Environments: Development of Automatic Water Sampler for Aerial Drones." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236506.
Full textHomburg, Nick Jr. "Aerial eyewitness: A pilot study of drone use in journalism." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35372.
Full textDepartment of Journalism and Mass Communications
Tom Hallaq
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), or drones as they are commonly known, could allow journalists to report the news like never before. A drone is a tool with great potential, yet fraught with controversy as the result of its military past. In 2012, the Unmanned Aerial System had become domesticated and could have become the hottest new technology since the cell phone. The first unmanned systems came to service gathering intelligence and in the delivery of lethal and non-lethal payloads for the military. With the domestication of UAS technologies, not only have numerous commercial uses been revealed for the UAS, the drone has made it to the hands of the general public, raising concerns of how this technology is to be used. At the time of this thesis, in the United States, the only legal use of UAS was by hobbyists. Also, at the time of this thesis, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had not provided comprehensive regulations or guidelines regarding the commercial use of UAS platforms (FAA, 2015). Of the many uses purposed for UAS platforms, one use of interest for journalists is the increased potential for newsgathering and surveillance. With UAS/drone technologies becoming increasingly more available, concerns are raised about safety, privacy, context, and the integrity of news source or (conflict of interest). The researcher interviewed working journalists from four major networks with stations located in states mandated as test sites by the FAA. The journalists were asked about their concerns pertaining to the ethical uses of drone for journalistic newsgathering. The interviews reveled that with proper training, regulations, and common sense the concerns about safety, privacy, context, and conflict of interest could be moderated.
Babenko, A. "Are weareable drones our future?" Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40481.
Full textNagori, Chinmay. "Unmanned Aerial Manipulators in Construction - Opportunities and Challenges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101663.
Full textMaster of Science
Drones or Unmanned Aerial Manipulators have been used in the construction industry to collect visual data in form of images, videos, or to map surveys, and visually inspect the structures. However, if equipped with a robotic arm, they attain the capability of touching and interacting with the environment to effectively function as an Unmanned Aerial Manipulator (UAM). UAMs have researched for various applications such as sensor installation, touch-based sensor inspections, door opening, and closing, and pick up and drop, etc. However, there is a lack of study for their opportunities and challenges in the construction industry. This research focuses on understanding the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of UAMs in the construction industry.
Kirk, Tyler B. "Attack of the drones| Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and moral problems." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555262.
Full textThe frequency of use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for combat by the United States has increased dramatically in recent years. Since this technology has comprised a significant portion of American counter-terror operations abroad and there are virtually no signs of this practice slowing or ceasing in the foreseeable future, it is necessary to closely examine the ethical implications of remote-control warfare. At first glance, arguments supporting the use of "drones" seem robust and sensible: in theory, they save American military lives. But upon further investigation, the use of drones in practice actually creates morally murky, problematic situations that could lead to great transgression of the laws of a just war. I argue that for all its apparent benefits, drone use thrusts modern warfare at large into an ethically unprecedented arena of vast asymmetry between opposing forces and what this means for the authorized use of force in wartime.
Ursulian, Alexander-Albert, and Олександр-Альберт Ігорович Урсулян. "Last mile delivery by drones." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50554.
Full textTransportation is one of the core foundations of global economies, consisting of a variety of individual networks and their interconnections that are designed to meet people's and goods' mobility needs. Transportation systems are made up of a large number of physical and organizational components and are characterized by a high level of inherent complexity that’s why very often organization infrastructure and logistics of a city can’t always keep up with increased consumer demand. One option of solution would be to use ecologic and effective drones for urban deliveries.
Транспорт є однією з основних основ світової економіки, що складається з різноманітних окремих мереж та їх взаємозв’язків, призначених для задоволення потреб у мобільності людей та товарів. Транспортні системи складаються з великої кількості фізичних та організаційних компонентів і характеризуються високим рівнем властивої їм складності, тому дуже часто організаційна інфраструктура та логістика міста не завжди можуть встигати за зростанням споживчого попиту. Одним із варіантів рішення було б використовувати екологічні та ефективні безпілотники для міських перевезень.
Howard, Stephen P. "Special Operations Forces and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Sooner or Later? /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : Air University Research Coordinator Office, 1998. http://www.au.af.mil/au/database/research/ay1995/saas/howardsp.htm.
Full textSubject: An analysis of whether Special Operations Forces should use Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to support intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, communications and re-supply capability deficiencies. Cover page date: June 1995. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Sharma, Aman. "System Identification of a Micro Aerial Vehicle." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73070.
Full textAbdallah, Rana. "Reliability approaches in networked systems : Application on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA008/document.
Full textUnmanned aerial vehicles, used and developed initially in the military field, have experienced profound changes in recent years and are increasingly used in the civilian field. Recognized as drones, they are most often used in the civil and military domains. They are used for firefighting, rescue as well as in specific applications such as surveillance and attack. The formation flight is the most used because it allows a judicious distribution of the tasks and greatly improves the efficiency of the drones (principle of the attack in pack, carnivorous animals). This will raise the issue of coordination and strategy, as well as the type of operation (master /slave, ...). The type and quality of optimal information also remain to be defined.The increased use of these cooperative systems in hazardous environments makes their reliability essential to prevent any catastrophic event. Overall performance of the drone fleet should be ensured, despite possible degradation of components or any changes that occur to the network and the environment. It is necessary to detect the anomalous behaviors that might contribute to collisions and thus affect the mission. Taking into consideration performance and cost, the fault-tolerant system and redundant systems are not always the most efficient solution for the formation fleet flight. Different methods like the fault tree analysis (FTA), Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) have been used in the helicopter field.In the first part, we propose a static method based on FTA, to ensure a successful communication between the drones from one side, and between the drones and the ground station from the other side by emphasizing on the exchange of information flows. It uses various fault trees to represent the different error conditions of this complex system.In the second part, we analyze the different fault states and their probabilities. As this process is stochastic, an absorbing Markov chain approach is developed. The proposed approach can be used to find the most risky scenarios and considerations for improving reliability.Finally, in the third part, we put the emphasis on the message receipt problem in a drone’s communication network by proposing a protocol based on number of retransmissions. The reception of a message is provided with a certain probability of reliability depending on several attributes such as modulation and bit error rate (BER) characterizing the UAVs
Gobin, Bradley Scott. "Quantitative Approach and Departure Risk Assessment for Unmanned Aerial Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100707.
Full textMaster of Science
Understanding the likelihood of an undesired event occurring is vital for the use of any system in the real world. This is especially true in the case of aircraft, were an undesired event can likely cause loss of life. A new area of aircraft that require additional insight into the failure characteristics are unmanned aerial systems, often referred to as drones. Drones do not have a pilot inside the aircraft, who could correct for any failures that might occur. Due to this potential inability to correct for a failure, a method must be developed to gain a better understanding of the potential failures and risks involved in drone operations. The method developed during this work was turned into a software tool, which allows a mission for a drone to be mapped out and the risk to be determined. Due to the drones being unmanned the risk is taken as the expected number of fatalities to the 3rd party individuals on the ground. This expected number of fatalities is determined by the population density of the area the flight is occurring over, and the crash characteristics for the aircraft. These methods and accompanying assumptions are outlined in the body of this work.
Ersson, Lisbet, and Emma Olsson. "Drones to the Rescue : A literary study of Unmanned Aerial Systems within healthcare." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-425866.
Full textGustafsson, Hanna, and Lea Zuna. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Geographic Data Capture: A Review." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210039.
Full textInom GIS ar datainsamling en av de mest tidskrävande processerna. Både hur data samlas in samt kvaliteten ar av hög vikt. Några av de vanligaste metoderna för datainsamling idag är GPS, LiDAR, totalstation och fotogrammetri. Obemannade flygfarkoster, UAVs, har de senaste åren blivit allt vanligare och användningsområdena fortsätter att öka. I takt med att tekniken hela tiden utvecklas finns idag flertalet satt att med hjälp av UAVs samla in geografisk data. Med kamerautrustade obemannade flygfarkoster och fotogrammetriska programvaror ar det bland annat möjligt att skapa tredimensionella modeller samt ortofoton av markytan. Detta kandidatexamensarbete innehaller en jämförelse mellan terrestra- samt flygburna metoder för datainsamling och obemannade flygburna metoder. Syftet är att undersöka hur UAVs kan anvandas för att samla in geografisk data samt möjligheten att ersätta eller komplettera existerande metoder, samt att presentera en overgripande bild av UAVs anvandningsomåden. Denna studie bygger pa en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer. Litteraturstudien syftar till en djupare inblick i anvandningsområden för UAV tekniken med fokus på tre huvudområden: miljöövervakning, urbana miljöer och infrastruktur samt naturliga resurser. Under intervjuerna intervjuades företag och andra aktörer inom branschen med syftet att göra en nulägesanalys av hur UAVs används för insamling av geografisk data i Sverige. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med avseende pa användningsområden, för- och nackdelar, hinder, kostnader, noggrannhet samt möjlig framtida användning och utveckling av tekniken. Studien är gjord i samarbete med företaget Digpro Solutions AB som är verksamma inom geografisk IT. Målet är att efter studien kunna ge förslag på hur data insamlad med UAV kan appliceras på Digpros applikationer. Information fran intervjuerna och litteraturen har visat att UAV täcker ett stort spann mellan terrestra- och flygburna metoder, och att den kan ersätta eller utgöra ett komplement till många mät- och datainsamlingsmetoder. Användningen av UAVs innebär möjlighet till att samla in data på ett nära avstånd till objekt utan att vara bunden till marken. Den medför även arbetsmiljövinster då farliga, svårtillgängliga områden kan nås från avstånd. Data kan samlas in snabbare, enklare, billigare och mer frekvent. Tisdbesparingar sker i inmätningsskedet men jämfört med terrestra mätmetoder krävs dock mer tid för efterbearbetning av mätdatat. Användningen i Sverige begränsas av svårigheter kopplade till Svensk lagstiftning gällande kameraövervakning, samt långa väntetider på de tillstånd som kravs för att få flyga. Dock väntas en ändring i kameraövervakningslagen som innebär att drönare inte innefattas i lagen. Detta kan komma att medföra stora fördelar för samtliga inom branschen samt en fortsatt utveckling av tekniken samt användningen av UAVs.
Carvalho, António Jorge Dinis da Silva de. "Wireless power transmission for drones." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14553.
Full textDrones are unmanned aerial vehicles that have proliferated the market due to their low cost and the many applications that can already be associated to them. Besides the common use of these devices for playful activities, as aerial event recording, they demonstrate an enormous potential in other applications, such as military, as search and rescue or reconnaissance missions, or commercial, for example: surveillance and inspection of crops. However, most commercial devices currently available suffer from a major drawback in terms of their dependence of batteries which, in consequence of the large energy demand supplied to the drone's engines, quickly discharge. In addition, the weight of these batteries typically implies that more power is needed to keep the drone flying. This drawback can be overcome, or attenuated, using dedicated wireless power transmission systems that enable the devices to maintain flight without the need of batteries or simply charging them while in use. Throughout this dissertation a microwave wireless power transmission system working at 5.8 GHz will be described in detail, with emphasis on the design of the microstrip antenna array developed to allow directive transmission and the rectenna proposed for reception and power conversion. The proposed system allows the used quadcopter to boot and link with its remote control and demonstrates the potential to be adapted for other purposes.
Drone é a designação normalmente atribuída a veículos aéreos não tripulados que se têm proliferado no mercado devido ao seu baixo custo e inúmeras aplicações. Além do seu uso em actividades lúdicas, como o já comum registo aéreo de eventos, demonstram um enorme potencial noutras aplicações, tanto militares, missões de busca e salvamento e reconhecimento de terreno, como comerciais, sendo exemplo a vigilância e inspecção de campos de colheita. No entanto, maioria dos dispositivos comerciais actualmente disponíveis padecem de uma grande limitação no que toca à sua dependência de baterias que, de modo a alimentar os motores do drone, rapidamente se descarregam. Além disso, o peso que estas baterias implicam levam a que seja necessária uma maior potência para que o drone se mantenha a voar. Estes problemas podem ser contornados, ou atenuados, recorrendo a sistemas de transmissão dedicada de energia electromagnética que possibilitem aos dispositivos manter vôo sem recurso a baterias ou carregando-as quando em uso. Ao longo desta dissertação será descrito em detalhe um sistema de transferência de energia sem fios projectado para trabalhar à frequência de 5.8 GHz, dando ênfase ao desenho de um agregado de antenas microstrip, desenvolvido para possibilitar uma transmissão directiva, e a rectenna proposta para recepção da energia electromagnética e sua conversão em corrente contínua. O sistema proposto possibilita ao quadricóptero ter energia suficiente para se conseguir ligar e estabelecer comunicação com o seu controlo remoto sendo que a arquitectura proposta demonstra potencial para ser adaptada em futuras abordagens.
Srinivasan, K. Venkatesh. "Implementation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for New Generation Peterbilt Trucks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849706/.
Full textBouzid, Yasser. "Guidance and control system for autonomous aerial vehicles navigation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE014.
Full textThis thesis deals with the guidance and control of aerial vehicles, which can also ensure missions in hostile, dangerous environments, or inaccessible workspaces with conventional vehicles. First, we are motivated by the coverage scenario, which is in general a long process, requiring a large number of individuals and specific equipment. However, the nature of sensing coverage requires an aerial vehicle with hovering capabilities. For this purpose, we are interested in multirotors that are considered as a good case study to design, analyze and implement flight control strategies.As matter of fact, many challenges are still open with respect to the coverage scenario such as for instance the feasibility and the optimality when passing through the Points of Interest. In addition, a robust control system is essential to mitigate the adverse effects such as the wind. Moreover, designing a control algorithm, which meet some requirements (simplicity, accuracy, consumed energy, etc.) constitutes a complementary challenge. Then, our work introduces a generic mathematical model for multirotors flying under the effect of wind.In a first part, we propose planners using as a basis the optimal Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT*) algorithm. In fact, in large workspaces, a large number of nodes is generated and then increasing the computation time and the consumed memory. To counter these latter, a removal procedure is involved during the rewiring process. In addition, a multidirectional planner that returns a set of optimal paths from a starting point and a set of objective points is proposed. Our work also introduces an optimal Coverage path-planning (CPP) strategy in a constrained workspace. This one proceeds through a two-phases algorithm. In the first one, a Connected Multi-directional planner is used to define the shortest paths from each point to its neighbors. In the second phase, by means of the pair-wise costs between points, the overall shortest path is obtained by solving a Traveling Salesman Problem using Genetic Algorithms. Then, taking into account the limited on-board energy, a Capacitated-Vehicle Routing Problem is adapted and solved by the savings approach.In a second part, we study the design of an effective control system allowing the vehicle to track a trajectory parameterized in time. On the one hand, we propose an extension to nonlinear systems of the Internal Model Control (NLIMC). Our technique is based on the use of the basic IMC principle to synthesize a nonlinear controller that involves the property of flatness. On the other hand, we propose another form of controller whose apparent structure is a PID but in which the technique of sliding modes is incorporated that will also call the nonlinear PID (NLPID). This combination has the advantage to lead to a good level of robustness provided by the sliding modes and at the same time to a good behavior specified by the PID structure. Besides, as a complement, we present two redundant controllers based on two distinct principles in order to boost and to improve the capabilities of any controller. The first one is based on the Model-Free Control (MFC) approach while the second one is based on Dynamic Sliding Mode Controller (DSMC).Finally, to highlight the performance of these controllers, we have performed a series of tests with several illustrations and scenarios and we have drawn up a comparison table with conventional approaches. The results of both the numerical simulations and the experimentation that are performed on a quadrotor are consistent and seem to be quite promising
Warren, Michael David. "Long-range stereo visual odometry for unmanned aerial vehicles." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/80107/1/Michael_Warren_Thesis.pdf.
Full textMa, Xiaoyan. "Data collection of mobile sensor networks by drones." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19492/1/MA_Xiaoyan.pdf.
Full textioannidis, ioannis. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and remote sensing in search and rescue missions in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266775.
Full textDahlman, Elsa, and Karin Lagrelius. "A Game of Drones : Cyber Security in UAVs." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259295.
Full textObemannade luftburna farkoster (OLF) blir mer vanliga allteftersom deras användningsområde utökas, vilket innebär att cybersäkerhetsaspekten behöver studeras. Detta arbete är en systematisk litteraturstudie som undersöker vilka typer av cyberattacker riktade mot drönare som är vanligast och vilka risker de medför. Attackerna i rapporten är kategoriserade med hjälp av metoden STRIDE samt efter vilka mål attackerna haft och vilken utrustning som krävs. Resultatet är att Spoofing och Denial of Service-attacker är vanligast och att de medför att attackeraren kan kapa eller krascha drönaren. Ingen svåråtkomlig utrustning krävs för någon av dessa attacktyper vilket indikerar att säkerhetsläget för civila drönare behöver förbättras.
Ameho, Yann. "Du pilotage d'une famille de drones à celui d'un drone hybride via la commande adaptative." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0031/document.
Full textMicro Air Vehicle are pilotless aircrafts with dimensions not exceeding one meter and a maximum weight of two kilograms. They are different from classical aircrafts for multiple reasons: a shorter development cycle, a cheaper development, their ease of operation and specific vehicle configurations. All these points expect a specific answer in the development of the control laws of the vehicles. This thesis considers this topic through two particular issues: the control of a family of quadrotors and the control of hybrid micro air vehicle. A family of quadrotor represents a single concept of vehicle but with various sizes, payloads and payload configurations. Control laws must guarantee the same level of performance despite all these modifications. A hybrid micro air vehicle is able to both hover like a helicopter and fly forward like a plane. These two flight modes have specific flight dynamics that the control laws must adapt to. This thesis first presents a model of quadrotors and hybrid micro air vehicle and then details an indirect adaptive control method to tackle both issues. Adaptive control should guarantee performance of multiple controlled systems with a single controller. The parameter estimation and linear parameter varying synthesis method of the adaptive control scheme are described and finally flight test results show the contributions and limits of the approach
Tang, Zhiqi. "Commande référencée vision de drones aériens." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4018.
Full textThis thesis proposes novel vision-based controllers for the guidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). It considers scenarios involving both single and multiple vehicles. For the case of a single-vehicle, novel Image-based visual servo control (IBVS) approaches are proposed for both fixed-wing and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAVs operating in urban or congested environments. Navigation tasks in a complex environment with obstacle avoidance capabilities are considered. In particular, the landing of fixed-wing UAVs on an airstrip and the landing of VTOL-UAVs that includes an obstacle avoidance strategy are considered. The originality of the study lies in the direct exploitation of the centroid of the image of the observed pattern together with the optical flow, thereby eliminating the need to estimate the position and the velocity of the UAV.For multiple vehicles, novel bearing formation controllers are designed for formations under both directed and undirected interaction topologies. Optical flow is explored in the bearing formation control laws in order to achieve collision avoidance between different agents during the formation progression.In order to relax the classical conditions required by bearing rigidity theory and to lift the scale ambiguity caused by bearings, persistence of excitation of the desired bearing reference is explored. The proposed methodology is supported by rigorous mathematical tools (This involves nonlinear dynamical systems and analysis using Lyapunov theory to formally prove the asymptotic (or exponential) stability of the system, guarantee robustness, and finally ensure good performance of the closed-loop system). Further support is provided by real experiments and/or simulation results
Esrafilian, Omid. "Learning from the sky : design of autonomous radio-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles in mobile cellular networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS307.
Full textThe use of UAVs in wireless networks has recently attracted significant attention. The first part of this thesis aims to investigate current works of UAV-aided wireless communications and develop novel methods for both the placement and path design of a UAV as a flying RAN in wireless networks. We highlight how the use of city 3D maps can bring substantial benefits for the reliable self-placement of flying radios.Regardless of the placement or path design, all algorithms operate on the basis of an array of information such as node GPS location, the city 3D map, etc. allowing the prediction of radio signal strengths. While such data may be collected via the network before the actual UAV flight, part or all of the information may also have to be learned by the UAV. In this regard, a part of this thesis is devoted to discussing how to learn such information from the UAV-borne measurements.Assuming the availability of safe cellular connectivity, UAVs are becoming promising for a wide range of applications such as transportation, etc. The main challenge in these areas is the design of trajectories that guarantee reliable cellular connectivity all along the path while allowing the completion of the UAV mission. Hence, in the second part of this thesis, we propose a novel approach for optimal path design between an initial and terminal points by leveraging on a coverage map. Lastly, we discuss the experimental verification of the placement algorithm of a UAV relay in LTE networks
Franke, Ulrike Esther. "The unmanned revolution : how drones are revolutionising warfare." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab40b722-2613-478a-912c-5b06307a3435.
Full textSpencer, Darren W. "The Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) Industry and the Business Impacts of the Evolution of the Federal Regulatory Environment." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7576.
Full textSkowronski, Robin. "Perception visuelle pour les drones légers." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14345/document.
Full textThe last decade has seen the emergence of many Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) which are becoming increasingly cheap and miniaturized. A mounted video-camera is standard equipment and can be found on any such UAVs. In this context, we present robust techniques to enhance autonomy levels of airborne vision systems based on mini-UAV technologies. First, we present a camera autocalibration method based on central projection based image \dimension{2}-invariants analysis and we compare it to classical Dual Image of the Absolute Conic (DIAC) technique. We present also a method to detect and calibrate turret's effectors hierarchy. Then, we propose a new algorithm to extract a calibrated camera self-rotation (visual gyroscope) and we apply it to propose a real-time video stabilizer with full perspective correction
Stefansson, Thor. "3D obstacle avoidance for drones using a realistic sensor setup." Thesis, KTH, Robotik, perception och lärande, RPL, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233807.
Full textHinderundvikande är ett utforskat område, dock för det mesta har forskningen fokuserat på 2D-miljöer. Eftersom drönare kan röra sig i tre dimensioner är det intressant att utveckla ett system som garanterar säker rörelse i 3D. Hinderundvikande är viktigt för drönare om de ska arbeta autonomt runt människor, eftersom drönare ofta är ömtåliga och har snabba propellrar som kan skada människor. Det här projektet är baserat på Hinderrestriktionsmetoden (ORM), och använder OctoMap för att använda information från många sensorer samtidigt och för att hantera deras begränsade synfält. Resultatet visar att systemet kan undvika hinder i 3D.
Bailon-Ruiz, Rafael. "Design of a wildfire monitoring system using fleets of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0011.
Full textWildfires, also known as forest or wildland fires, are uncontrolled vegetation fires occurring in rural areas that cause tremendous damage to the society, harming environment, property and people. The firefighting endeavor is a dull, dirty and dangerous job and as such, can greatly benefit from automation to reduce human exposure to hazards. Aerial remote sensing is a common technique to obtain precise information about a wildfire state so fire response teams can prepare countermeasures. This task, when performed with manned aerial vehicles, expose operators to high risks that can be eliminated by the use of autonomous vehicles. This thesis introduces a wildfire monitoring system based on fleets of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide firefighters with timely updated information about a wildland fire. We present an approach to plan trajectories for a fleet of fixed-wing UAVs to observe a wildfire evolving over time. Realistic models of the terrain, of the fire propagation process, and of the UAVs are exploited, together with a model of the wind, to predict wildfire spread and plan UAV motion. The approach tailors a generic Variable Neighborhood Search method to these models and the associated constraints. The execution of the planned monitoring mission provides wildfire maps that are transmitted to the fire response team and exploited by the planning algorithm to plan new observation trajectories. Algorithms and models are integrated within a software architecture allowing for execution under scenarios with different levels of realism, with real and simulated UAVs flying over a real or synthetic wildfire. Mixed-reality simulation results show the ability to plan observation trajectories for a small fleet of UAVs, and to update the plans when new information on the fire are incorporated in the fire model
Persson, Emil. "A systematic literature review on drones’ application in last-mile delivery." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för industriell ekonomi, industridesign och maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36733.
Full textMishra, Debashisha. "Exploiting the synergies of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and 5G network." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0058.
Full textAs an expanding subject of aerial robotics, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have received substantial research attention within the wireless networking research community. As soon as national legislations enable UAVs to fly autonomously, we will witness swarms of UAV filling the skies of our smart cities to complete diverse missions: package delivery, infrastructure monitoring, event videography, surveillance, tracking, etc. Fifth generation (5G) and beyond cellular networks can improve UAV communications in a variety of ways and thus benefit the UAV ecosystem. There is a wide variety of wireless applications and use cases that can benefit from the capabilities of these smart devices, including the UAV's inherent characteristics of agile mobility in three-dimensional space, autonomous operation, and intelligent placement. The broad goal of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the synergies that may be realized when combining 5G and beyond cellular networks with UAV technology. This thesis presents four types of UAV and cellular ecosystem integration models. "UAV-assisted cellular paradigm" refers to communication scenarios in which UAVs are used as flying (or aerial) base stations or as relays to augment current terrestrial cellular connectivity or to mitigate disaster situations. The "cellular-assisted UAV paradigm" foresees the integration of UAVs into the current cellular network as a new aerial user (flying UE) to serve a wide variety of applications and use cases. The "UAV-to-UAV paradigm" stresses the collective strength of a fleet of UAVs as a swarm and communication amongst UAVs inside the swarm. The "hybrid non-terrestrial paradigm" encompasses satellite and aerial networks, therefore examining the whole spectrum of communication links from the ground to the air to the space in the form of an integrated space-air-ground communication network. Initially, this thesis focuses on aerial base stations, which have gained great academic attention in order to provide flexible, on-demand communication services to ground users. On this occasion, we build and construct a proof-of-concept prototype platform that delineates the design components required to implement such platforms in the real world, and we then explain the necessity for optimal placement of aerial base stations for increasing communication services. To support a heterogeneous class of 5G services from various vertical industries (referred to as tenants of 5G network operators), we propose a slicing-aware aerial base station framework in which ground users with differentiated traffic requirements in terms of data rate, latency, and massive deployment are supported through intelligent resource provisioning. Second, we describe aerial users who are supported by current cellular infrastructure and examine difficulties such as coexistence of aerial users and ground users, handovers, and communication-aware trajectory optimization. The use of a swarm of UAVs is considerably more cost-effective as compared to a single UAV conducting a mission when considering realistic mission goals. A swarm of UAVs opens up new opportunities for new services and applications since the UAVs may independently coordinate their operations and work together to complete a given task. Due to the spatio-temporal dynamics of swarm topology, dependable network development with seamless communication amongst UAVs is essential for any operation to be successful. As part of this thesis, we offer centralized and decentralized network models for UAV-to-UAV (U2U) communication inside swarm and conduct a full investigation of sidelink-assisted U2U communication with performance assessment
Sierra, Páez Gina Katherine. "Towards battery health management for lithium polymer battery-powered small-size rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168162.
Full textLittle work has been done on Battery Health Management (BHM) for rotary-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) despite the fact that they have become increasingly popular. They are highly maneuverable and enable both safe and low-cost experimentation in mapping, navigation, and testing of control algorithms in three dimensions. Also, they can perform maneuvers that cannot be achieved by their fixed-wing counterparts (e.g., hover in place, and take off and land vertically (VTOL)). However, small-size aircraft typically have weight, size and cost constraints. Thus, as small-size UAVs become more prevalent, the need for computationally efficient software will increase. This thesis proposes a holistic framework for the design, implementation and experimental validation of Battery Health Management (BHM) systems in small-size rotatory-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that allows to accurately (i) estimate the State of Charge (SOC), and (ii) predict the End of Discharge (EOD) time of lithium-polymer batteries in small-size multirotors by using a model-based prognosis architecture that is efficient and feasible to implement in low-cost hardware. The proposed framework includes a simplified battery model that incorporate the electric load dependence, temperature dependence and SOC dependence by using the concept of Artificial Evolution to estimate some of its parameters, along with a novel Outer Feedback Correction Loop (OFCL) during the estimation stage which adjusts the variance of the process noise to diminish bias in Bayesian state estimation and helps to compensate problems associated with incorrect initial conditions in a non-observable dynamic system. Also, it provides an aerodynamic-based characterization of future power consumption profiles and utilizes a new definition of probability of failure to mitigate the risk. A quadrotor has been used as the validation platform. This thesis is the first research effort towards BHM for small-size rotary-wing UAVs validated beyond numerical simulations, and that addresses the problem from an efficient approach for constrained computing platforms. A proper prognosis of the EOD time is not only necessary to verify if the mission goal(s) can be accomplished but also essential to aid in online decision-making activities such as fault mitigation and mission replanning. Therefore, the results of this work will allow making decisions about the flight and having enough confidence in those decisions so that the mission objectives can be optimally achieved. Given that: (i) the flight times in battery-powered UAVs are indeed short, (ii) most flight plans are highly conservatives due to they suffer from uncertainties in estimating the remaining charge, (iii) applications in urban zones are limited due to the risk associated with accidental battery run-down during the flight, and (iv) UAVs are ideally suited for long endurance applications; it hopes the results of this research become a significant contribution to the battery-powered rotary-wing UAVs field.
Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por CONICYT bajo la beca CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional /2014-63140178
Duberg, Daniel. "Safe Navigation of a Tele-operated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221701.
Full textObemannad luftfarkoster (UAV:er) kan navigera i inomhusmiljöer och genom miljöer som är farliga eller svåra att nå för människor. Detta gör dem lämpliga för användning i sök- och räddningsuppdrag och av akutmottagning och rättsväsende genom ökad situationsmedvetenhet. Dock är det även för en erfaren UAV-teleoperatör krävande och svårt att kontrollera en UAV i dessa situationer utan att kollidera med hinder. Denna avhandling presenterar ett människa-UAV-gränssnitt tillsammans med en kollisionsundvikande metod, båda optimerade för en mänsklig teleoperatör. Målet är att förenkla uppgiften att navigera en UAV i inomhusmiljöer. Utvärdering av systemet görs genom att testa det mot ett antal användningsfall och en användarstudie. Resultatet av denna avhandling är en kollisionsundvikande metod som lyckas skydda UAV från hinder och samtidigt tar hänsyn till operatörens avsikter.
Pietri, Samuel. "Fibrous Aerial Robotics: study of spiderweb strategies for the design of architectural envelopes using swarms of drones and inflatable formworks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textLisein, Jonathan. "Application des techniques de photogrammétrie par drone à la caractérisation des ressources forestières." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1049/document.
Full textThe recent development of operational small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) opens the door for their extensive use in forest mapping, as both the spatial and temporal resolution of UAS imagery better suit local-scale investigation than traditional remote sensing tools.Along with this rising use of drones, dense three-dimensional reconstruction through the combined use of photogrammetry and textit{Structure from Motion} techniques enables now the fine modelization of the canopy surface relief from a set of overlapping images.Forest management is evolving and has to cope with numerous news demands.A sustainable managemnent practice requires beforehand up-to-date and comprehenvise forest inventory.Traditionnal forest ressources inventories are carried out on the field.They are expensive and focus only on an sample of the forest.Information is delivered at the stand level, and specific measurements for individual tree is missing.The use of mapping drones can potentially changes the story by describing forest ecosystems on a tree-level.This thesis aims at investigating the use of unmanned aerial systems for the characterization of temperate forests (in Wallonia, Belgium).Modelization of the vegetation heigth also is investigated by the combinaison of photogrammetric canopy surface measurements with digital terrain elevation acquired by LiDAR.Eventually, the study of a time series of 20 drone fligths through the growing season enables to determine when is the optimal period for automatic classification of deciduous species.Photogrammetric measurements of individual deciduous tree heigth are always less accurate than high density LiDAR measurements (RMSE of 1.04 m versus 0.83 m for the latter).Nevertheless, the versatility of drones is far higher than LiDAR data, with the possibility of flying at the appropriate time and delivering both spectral and 3D information with a very high resolution.Spetral information is relevant among other for tree species identification.The optimal phenology state for the discrimination of deciduous species was demonstrated to be the end of leaf flush.The intra-species phenology is indeed well synchronized during this time windows ranging from late spring to early summer.A global classification error of 16% is reached by using single date UAS imagery, and multitemporal UAS acquisitions still improve the process of species discrimination.Altough precision forestry can largely benefits from UAS technology, legislation constraints limit the operationnal use of drones.Thus, UAS flights are most of the time restricted under a specific altitude and within a certain distance from the remote pilot.These constraints are sub-optimal for the mapping of forest, which requires beyond line of sigth fligth at relatively high altitude.We thus believe that the drone technology will be more developped for scientific investigations at a local scale (dozens or hundreds of hectares) than for forest inventory of large forest estate (thousands of hectares)
Saied, Majd. "Fault-tolerant control of an octorotor unmanned aerial vehicle under actuators failures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2287.
Full textWith growing demands for safety and reliability, and an increasing awareness about the risks associated with system malfunction, dependability has become an essential concern in modern technological systems, particularly safety-critical systems such as aircrafts or railway systems. This has led to the design and development of fault tolerant control systems (FTC). The main objective of a FTC architecture is to maintain the desirable performance of the system in the event of faults and to prevent local faults from causing failures. The last years witnessed many developments in the area of fault detection and diagnosis and fault tolerant control for Unmanned Aerial rotary-wing Vehicles. In particular, there has been extensive work on stability improvements for quadrotors in case of partial failures, and recently, some works addressed the problem of a quadrotor complete propeller failure. However, these studies demonstrated that a complete loss of a quadrotor motor results in a vehicle that is not fully controllable. An alternative is then to consider multirotors with redundant actuators (octorotors or hexarotors). Inherent redundancy available in these vehicles can be exploited, in the event of an actuator failure, to redistribute the control effort among the remaining working actuators such that stability and complete controllability are retained. In this thesis, fault-tolerant control approaches for rotary-wing UAVs are investigated. The work focuses on developing algorithms for a coaxial octorotor UAV. However, these algorithms are designed to be applicable to any redundant multirotor under minor modifications. A nonlinear model-based fault detection and isolation system for motors failures is constructed based on a nonlinear observer and on the outputs of the inertial measurement unit. Motors speeds and currents given by the electronic speed controllers are also used in another fault detection and isolation module to detect actuators failures and distinguish between motors failures and propellers damage. An offline rule-based reconfigurable control mixing is designed in order to redistribute the control effort on the healthy actuators in case of one or more motors failures. A complete architecture including fault detection and isolation followed by system recovery is tested experimentally on a coaxial octorotor and compared to other architectures based on pseudo-inverse control allocation and a robust controller using second order sliding mode
Pham, The Hung. "Robust planning and control of unmanned aerial vehicles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG003.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to realize the modeling, trajectory planning, and control of an unmanned helicopter robot for monitoring large areas, especially in precision agriculture applications. Several tasks in precision agriculture are addressed. In pest surveillance missions, drones will be equipped with specialized cameras. A trajectory will be researched and created to enable unmanned aircraft to capture images of entire crop areas and avoid obstacles during flight. Infected areas will be then identified by analyzing taken images. In insecticides spraying, the aircraft must be controlled to fly in a pre-programmed trajectory and spray the insecticide over all the infected crop areas.In the first part, we present a new complete coverage path planning algorithm by proposing a new cellular decomposition which is based on a generalization of the Boustrophedon variant, using Morse functions, with an extension of the representation of the critical points. This extension leads to a reduced number of cells after decomposition. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) algorithm are then applied to obtain the shortest path for complete coverage. Next, from the information on the map regarding the coordinates of the obstacles, non-infected areas, and infected areas, the infected areas are divided into several non-overlapping regions by using a clustering technique. Then an algorithm is proposed for generating the best path for a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to distribute medicine to all the infected areas of an agriculture environment which contains non-convex obstacles, pest-free areas, and pests-ridden areas.In the second part, we study the design of a robust control system that allows the vehicle to track the predefined trajectory for a dynamic model-changing helicopter due to the changes of dynamic coefficients such as the mass and moments of inertia. Therefore, the robust observer and control laws are required to adopt the changes in dynamic parameters as well as the impact of external forces. The proposed approach is to explore the modeling techniques, planning, and control by the Takagi-Sugeno type technique. To have easily implantable algorithms and adaptable to changes in parameters and conditions of use, we favor the synthesis of Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) Unknown Input Observer (UIO), LPV quadratic state feedback, robust state feedback, and static output feedback controllers. The observer and controllers are designed by solving a set of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) obtained from the Bounded Real Lemma and LMI regions characterization.Finally, to highlight the performances of the path planning algorithms and generated control laws, we perform a series of simulations in MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results are quite promising. The coverage path planning algorithm suggests that the generated trajectory shortens the flight distance of the aircraft but still avoids obstacles and covers the entire area of interest. Simulations for the LPV UIO and LPV controllers are conducted with the cases that the mass and moments of inertias change abruptly and slowly. The LPV UIO is able to estimate state variables and the unknown disturbances and the estimated values converge to the true values of the state variables and the unknown disturbances asymptotically. The LPV controllers work well for various reference signals (impulse, random, constant, and sine) and several types of disturbances (impulse, random, constant, and sine)
Wani, Bhavika. "Systems Engineering of a Medical Emergency Drone – AmbiFly." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613740749331087.
Full textSaif, Osamah. "Reactive navigation of a fleet of drones in interaction." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2269/document.
Full textNowadays, applications of autonomous quadrotors are increasing rapidly. Surveillance and security of industrial sites, geographical zones for agriculture for example are some popular applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Nowadays, researchers and scientists focus on the deployment of multi-UAVs for the inspection and the surveillance of large areas. The objective of this thesis is to design algorithms and techniques to perform a real-time distributed/decentralized multi-UAVs flight formation control, from a system of systems perspective. Firstly, we reviewed recent works of the literature about flight formation control and the control of quadrotors. We presented a brief introduction about systems of systems, their definition and characteristics. Then, we introduced the flight formation control with its most used structures in the literature, some existing works dealing with flocking. Finally, we presented the most used modeling methodologies for quadrotors and some control approaches that are used to stabilize quadrotors. Secondly, we used the behavioral-based control structure to achieve a multiple UAV flocking. We conceived a behavior intending to address the control design towards a successful achievement of the flocking task without fragmentation. The proposed behavior treats the flocking problem from a global perspective, that is, we included a tendency of separated UAVs to form a flock.System of systems challenges motivated us to look for flocking and consensus algorithms introduced in the literature that could be helpful to answer to these challenges. This led us to propose four flocking control laws aiming at being compatible with the nonlinear model of quadrotors and at being implemented on experimental platforms. The control laws were run aboard each quadrotor in the flock. By running the control law, each quadrotor interacts with its neighbors to ensure a collision-free flocking. Finally, we validated our proposed control laws by simulations and real-time experiments. For the simulation, we used a PC-based simulator of flock of multiple quadrotors which was developed at Heudiasyc laboratory. For experiments, we implemented our control laws on ArDrone2 quadrotors evolved in an indoor environment equipped with an Optitrack motion capture system
Sandino, Mora Juan David. "Autonomous decision-making for UAVs operating under environmental and object detection uncertainty." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232513/1/Juan%20David_Sandino%20Mora_Thesis.pdf.
Full textBaudouin, Laurène. "Sûreté et sécurité au XXIème siècle : l'exemple des drones aériens « augmentés » de sécurité publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2024/2024ULILD005.pdf.
Full textIn 2022, the legislature adopted a framework authorising the use of aerial drones equipped with cameras by law enforcement agencies and emergency services. These airborne cameras have been added to the arsenal of video-protection systems and become part of the debate on surveillance of public spaces. In fact, the mobile and aerial qualities of public safety drones increase the restrictions to the right to privacy. In addition, the data processing they perform constitutes an interference with the right to protection of personal data. Today, their possible association with video analytics to help law enforcement agencies make decisions is raising new issues at a time when artificial intelligence software does not yet benefit from an appropriate legal framework. As this technology is not infallible, decisions taken on the basis of the algorithm's results could lead to arrests or even arbitrary detention. The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine the changing relationship between personal security and public safety in the context of 'augmented' aerial drones for public safety. The study analyses the impact of the use of this technology on rights and freedoms, before looking at the possible strengthening of their guarantees in the era of 'augmented' public safety surveillance technologies
Merheb, Abdel-Razzak. "Diagnostic and fault-tolerant control applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4367/document.
Full textUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are more and more popular for their civil and military applications. Classical control laws usually show weaknesses in the presence of parameter uncertainties, environmental disturbances, and actuator and sensor faults. Therefore, it is judicious to design a control law capable of stabilizing the UAV not only in the fault-free nominal cases, but also in the presence of disturbances and faults. In this thesis, a new bio-inspired search algorithm called Ecological Systems Algorithm (ESA) suitable for engineering optimization problems is developed. The algorithm is used over the thesis to find optimal gains for the fault tolerant controllers. Sliding Mode Control theory is used to develop two Passive Fault Tolerant Controllers for quadrotor UAVs: Regular and Cascaded SMC. Because Passive Controllers handle a few numbers of faults, an Active Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Controller using Kalman Filter is developed. To overcome severe faults and failures, an emergency controller based on the Quadrotor-to-Trirotor conversion maneuver is developed. The Controllers developed so far (Passive, Active, and emergency controllers) are then integrated to form the Integrated Fault Tolerant Controller (IFTC). The IFTC is a powerful controller that is able to handle a wide number of faults, and save actuator resources as well as processor computational effort. Finally, Passive and Active Fault Tolerant Controllers are designed for octorotor UAVs based on First Order and Second Order Sliding Mode Control. The AFTC uses Dynamic and Pseudo-Inverse Control Allocation methods to redistribute the control effort among healthy actuators reducing the effect of fault
Bouzgou, Kamel. "Contribution à l'architecture, la modélisation et la commande d'un bras manipulateur aérien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG012.
Full textUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), progressively used by different military and commercial tasks, have the possibility to move in a 3D environment in Cartesian coordinates to assist humans, inspect dangerous areas or photography. Some of these missions require contact with the environment, such as handling objects in flight. In order to accomplish this kind of mission, that thesis made it possible to consider and design a dual system consisting of a manipulator arm connected to the base of a multirotor. The main problem resulting from this new structure involves the ability to stabilize the mechanism concurrently with a permanent change in its inertia due to the movement of the manipulator. In this manuscript, a new concept of the aerial manipulator is proposed, capable of stabilizing the system with the implementation of a prismatic joint to operate the center of gravity of the whole system while keeping it as close as possible to the vertical axis. A further contribution in this study, when a new classification of aerial manipulation systems based on a symbolic formula is introduced, capable of specifying the type and number of multirotors and manipulators used within the mechanical structure. A new algorithm for calculating the solutions of the inverse geometric model, based on an analytical approach, is thus developed and compared to iterative algorithms presented in the literature. The dynamic model of the overall system is obtained by the use of symbolic mathematical tools and functions developed in this project. Two modeling methods, coupled and decoupled, have been introduced. The control part is designed for a coupled system using three control laws and applied to various scenarios, each consisting of multilayer blocks (trajectory planning, internal layer of position and attitude control, control block of virtual entry). Different values of the angles of the manipulator arm joints are analyzed and tested for the efficiency of the prismatic joint. Three approaches to the interaction of the end organ of the robotic arm with the environment are implemented and simulated. A case study and the application of the control impedance module are simulated. Finally, the approaches and methods implemented in this thesis are validated using a virtual prototype in the SimMechanics environment, where a graphical user interface GUI is designed to manipulate and visualize the system during programmed scenarios, thus demonstrating the interest of the main thesis contributions
Ait, Saadi Amylia. "Coordination of scout drones (UAVs) in smart-city to serve autonomous vehicles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG064.
Full textThe subject of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become a promising study field in bothresearch and industry. Due to their autonomy and efficiency in flight, UAVs are considerablyused in various applications for different tasks. Actually, the autonomy of the UAVis a challenging issue that can impact both its performance and safety during the mission.During the flight, the autonomous UAVs are required to investigate the area and determineefficiently their trajectory by preserving their resources (energy related to both altitude andpath length) and satisfying some constraints (obstacles and axe rotations). This problem isdefined as the UAV path planning problem that requires efficient algorithms to be solved,often Artificial Intelligence algorithms. In this thesis, we present two novel approachesfor solving the UAV path planning problem. The first approach is an improved algorithmbased on African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), called CCO-AVOA algorithms,which integrates the Chaotic map, Cauchy mutation, and Elite Opposition-based learningstrategies. These three strategies improve the performance of the original AVOA algorithmin terms of the diversity of solutions and the exploration/exploitation search balance. Asecond approach is a hybrid-based approach, called CAOSA, based on the hybridization ofChaotic Aquila Optimization with Simulated Annealing algorithms. The introduction of thechaotic map enhances the diversity of the Aquila Optimization (AO), while the SimulatedAnnealing (SA) algorithm is applied as a local search algorithm to improve the exploitationsearch of the traditional AO algorithm. Finally, the autonomy and efficiency of the UAVare tackled in another important application, which is the UAV placement problem. Theissue of the UAV placement relays on finding the optimal UAV placement that satisfies boththe network coverage and connectivity while considering the UAV's limitation from energyand load. In this context, we proposed an efficient hybrid called IMRFO-TS, based on thecombination of Improved Manta Ray Foraging Optimization, which integrates a tangentialcontrol strategy and Tabu Search algorithms
Rojas-Ramirez, Belem Isabel. "Modeling and control of aerial vehicles using teleoperation with input delay." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2568.
Full textUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are receiving increasing interest from industry and academia due to their wide application in search and rescue, infrastructure inspection, surveillance, among others. This thesis focuses on research in the area of teleoperation systems for quadrotor vehicles. Throughout this thesis, a teleoperation system for a quadrotor vehicle was developed. In this system, the user interface is based on a virtual telepresence approach. Control algorithms were developed and implemented within the master and slave systems. The first part of this thesis consists of developing mathematical models of the dynamics of a quadrotor aircraft. Most works currently found in the literature for quadrotors are based on classical approaches such as Euler angles. These representations can lead to problems such as discontinuities, singularities, gimbal-locks, and highly non-linear equations. An alternative to these classical representations are unit quaternions. These have the advantages of the lack of singularities and gimbal lock effects. The second part of this work was dedicated to the development of a quadrotor teleoperation system. This system consists of a virtual user interface in a local environment and a quadrotor in a remote environment. A User Datagram Protocol (UDP) communication was used to communicate both environments. The user manipulates a virtual drone in the local environment and a real drone follows the position and orientation references in a remote environment. The user receives virtual feedback on the states of the real vehicle in the virtual environment. Results of the implementation of the proposed teleoperation system in real time are presented. The last part of this thesis addresses the delay problem in the teleoperation system. Delays due to system latency and the distance between environments were modeled as a delayed control input. Then, a predictor-based controller was developed in order to maintain the stability of a drone’s flight. This approach was applied to the classical Euler- Lagrange model and to the quaternion-based model in order to analyze performance. Simulations of both models with delayed inputs are presented
Daakir, Mehdi. "Localisation absolue centimétrique par photogrammétrie aéroportée et GPS embarqués sur drone." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1223/document.
Full textOver the last decade, drones have been largely used for civil applications. Airborne photogrammetry has found place in these applications as a modeling and a measuring tool. Vinci-Construction-Terrassement is a private company of public building and works sector that integrates drones and photogrammetry as a mapping solution and metrology investigation on its sites. This tool is very efficient for the calculation of stock volumes for instance, or for time tracking of specific areas with risk of landslides. The aim of the present work is to do direct georeferencing of images acquired by the camera leaning on an embedded GPS receiver. The UAS used needs to be low cost and therefore data processing is adapted to this constraint
Gong, Songchenchen. "Real-time implementation of counting people in a crowd on the embedded reconfigurable architecture on the unmanned aerial vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK036.
Full textThe crowd counting task is an important research problem. Now more and more people are concerned about safety issues. Considering the scenario of a crowded scene: a population density system analyzes the crowds and triggers a warning to divert the crowds when their population density exceeds a normal range. With such a system, the incident of the Shanghai New Year's stampede will not happen again. The most difficult problem of population counting at present: On the one hand, in the densely populated area, how to make the model distinguish human head features more finely, such as head overlap. The second aspect is to find a small-scale local head feature in an image with a wide range of population density. The most critical aspect, in some public places, is that we can not install an intelligent video surveillance system. So how do we estimate the high-density crowd area to avoid crowd trampling accidents? Facing these challenges, we propose implementation of real time reconfigurable embedded architecture for people counting in a crowd area. First, our work integrates the features of HOG and LBP, which not only combines the effective identification information of multiple features, but also eliminates most of the redundant information, thereby realizing effective compression of information, saving information storage space. Then, in terms of crowd counting, we use multiple sources of information, namely HOG, LBP and CANNY based filtering. These sources provide separate estimates of the number of counts and other statistical measures, through the support vector Machine SVM, classification. At the same time, in order to effectively solve the problem of extracting scale-related features in crowd counting. We propose a new framework M-MCNN based on MCNN for crowd counting on any single image. M-MCNN not only contains the original three columns of convolutional neural networks with different filter sizes, but replaces the fully connected layers with a convolutional layer of 1*1 filters, so the input image of the model can be of any size. Moreover, in a single individual sample, we greatly improve the learning of sample features by extracting the texture features of a single human head , and better use it for datasets. Finally, we implement our new framework M-MCNN through FPGA, and transplant it on the drone to estimate and predict the high-density crowd area in real time. Our model achieved good results in crowd counting
Li, Zhongmou. "Theoretical developments and experimental evaluation of a novel collaborative multi-drones grasping and manipulation system Zof large objects." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new concept of aerial manipulation robot named Flying Gripper that is intended to perform grasping, manipulating, and transporting of large objects autonomously. The Flying Gripper robot is composed of four quadrotors, four self-adaptive fingers and a body structure. The main contributions of these works are: (1) an original mechanical concept using multiple quadrotors to obtain full manipulability in SE(3) and taking advantage of their yaw rotations to actuate a self-adaptive and intrinsically safe grasping mechanism; (2) a wrench capability analysis method taking into account the equality and inequality constraints imposed by actuation limits, mechanical stops and equilibrium relations; (3) a model predictive controller to deal with unknown mass, inertia and center of mass due to the grasped object; (4) a Dynamic Control Allocation algorithm to distribute the control output in a way that guarantees the continuity of actuator's velocity, improves the energy efficiency and satisfies the robot mechanical limits.Numerical simulations and experimental tests have been carried out to validate the controller performances
Mercado-Ravell, Diego Alberto. "Autonomous navigation and teleoperation of unmanned aerial vehicles using monocular vision." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2239/document.
Full textThe present document addresses, theoretically and experimentally, the most relevant topics for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in autonomous and semi-autonomous navigation. According with the multidisciplinary nature of the studied problems, a wide range of techniques and theories are covered in the fields of robotics, automatic control, computer science, computer vision and embedded systems, among others. As part of this thesis, two different experimental platforms were developed in order to explore and evaluate various theories and techniques of interest for autonomous navigation. The first prototype is a quadrotor specially designed for outdoor applications and was fully developed in our lab. The second testbed is composed by a non expensive commercial quadrotor kind AR. Drone, wireless connected to a ground station equipped with the Robot Operating System (ROS), and specially intended to test computer vision algorithms and automatic control strategies in an easy, fast and safe way. In addition, this work provides a study of data fusion techniques looking to enhance the UAVs pose estimation provided by commonly used sensors. Two strategies are evaluated in particular, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a Particle Filter (PF). Both estimators are adapted for the system under consideration, taking into account noisy measurements of the UAV position, velocity and orientation. Simulations show the performance of the developed algorithms while adding noise from real GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. Safe and accurate navigation for either autonomous trajectory tracking or haptic teleoperation of quadrotors is presented as well. A second order Sliding Mode (2-SM) control algorithm is used to track trajectories while avoiding frontal collisions in autonomous flight. The time-scale separation of the translational and rotational dynamics allows us to design position controllers by giving desired references in the roll and pitch angles, which is suitable for quadrotors equipped with an internal attitude controller. The 2-SM control allows adding robustness to the closed-loop system. A Lyapunov based analysis probes the system stability. Vision algorithms are employed to estimate the pose of the vehicle using only a monocular SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) fused with inertial measurements. Distance to potential obstacles is detected and computed using the sparse depth map from the vision algorithm. For teleoperation tests, a haptic device is employed to feedback information to the pilot about possible collisions, by exerting opposite forces. The proposed strategies are successfully tested in real-time experiments, using a low-cost commercial quadrotor. Also, conception and development of a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) able to safely interact with human users by following them autonomously, is achieved in the present work. Once a face is detected by means of a Haar cascade classifier, it is tracked applying a Kalman Filter (KF), and an estimation of the relative position with respect to the face is obtained at a high rate. A linear Proportional Derivative (PD) controller regulates the UAV’s position in order to keep a constant distance to the face, employing as well the extra available information from the embedded UAV’s sensors. Several experiments were carried out through different conditions, showing good performance even under disadvantageous scenarios like outdoor flight, being robust against illumination changes, wind perturbations, image noise and the presence of several faces on the same image. Finally, this thesis deals with the problem of implementing a safe and fast transportation system using an UAV kind quadrotor with a cable suspended load. The objective consists in transporting the load from one place to another, in a fast way and with minimum swing in the cable
Appelgren, Herman, Marcus Elander, Maya Fogelberg, Ludvig Fors, Daniel Myrén, Henrik Nilsson, and Arvid Sundqvist. "Drone Interactive Map : Ett lättanvänt system för kartläggning med drönare." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166760.
Full textLallement, Raphael. "Symbolic and Geometric Planning for teams of Robots and Humans." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0010/document.
Full textHierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning is a popular approach to build task plans to control intelligent systems. This thesis presents the HATP (Hierarchical Agent-based Task Planner) planning framework which extends the traditional HTN planning domain representation and semantics by making them more suitable for roboticists, and by offering human-awareness capabilities. When computing human-aware robot plans, it appears that the problems are very complex and highly intricate. To deal with this complexity we have integrated a geometric planner to reason about the actual impact of actions on the environment and allow to take into account the affordances (reachability, visibility). This thesis presents in detail this integration between two heterogeneous planning layers and explores how they can be combined to solve new classes of robotic planning problems